WO2024221387A1 - Voltage converter and service board - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application discloses a voltage converter and a service board. On the basis of a power supply architecture of a power conversion circuit, ultrafast dynamics are achieved by means of an added voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion circuit can be achieved by means of a transformer-based topology, to achieve rapid and low-loss energy transfer, thereby meeting the requirements of system ultrafast dynamics. The voltage conversion circuit comprises a converter, a first capacitor and a second capacitor, and the converter can realize establishment of an energy transfer channel between the first capacitor and the second capacitor. By using the voltage conversion circuit, the number of capacitors required by the service board can be reduced on the premise of meeting the power supply dynamic performance of a service chip, in other words, by using the voltage conversion circuit, the power supply dynamic performance of the service chip can be improved without increasing the number of capacitors of the service board.

Description

Voltage converter and service board Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of power supply for communication equipment, and in particular to a voltage converter and a service board.

Background Art

With the development of 5G mobile communication technology and cloud computing, the capacity of telecommunication equipment is continuously increasing. The business chips of telecommunication equipment (such as central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.) are evolving towards high computing power and high processing speed. At the same time, as the power consumption of business chips continues to increase, the demand for power supply capacity and dynamic performance of business chips has increased exponentially. At present, the industry's mainstream computing business chips (such as neural network processor NPU (neural network processing unit, NPU)) have increased their single-core current requirements from 200A to 600A within three years, an increase of 3 times, and the dynamic performance requirements have increased from 800A/us to 2000+A/us, an increase of 2.5 times.

The challenges facing mainstream business chips in the industry include: (1) Ultra-large current: Higher chip computing power means higher current, which can currently reach the kiloampere level. (2) Ultra-fast dynamics: Business chips require different currents under different business flows and working modes. Therefore, when the working mode of the business chip is switched, higher current dynamics will be generated. Currently, the load current change slope can reach the KA/us level. At the same time, the rapid response of the business chip power supply to ultra-fast dynamics is also crucial to the energy saving of the chip.

In the face of rapid dynamic performance improvement, the current service board (service board includes service chip and power supply) needs to add a large number of capacitors to meet the high dynamic performance requirements of the service chip. However, due to the limited volume of information and communications technology (ICT) equipment and artificial intelligence (AI) equipment, as well as the parasitic limitations of the power delivery network (PDN) of the service board, the number of capacitors in the service board cannot be increased too much. First, there is not enough area to layout more capacitors; second, the effective capacitance value caused by PDN parasitics decreases, resulting in the effective capacitor layout being limited to a position close to the service chip.

Therefore, how to reduce the number of capacitors on the service board while meeting the dynamic performance of the service chip power supply, in other words, how to improve the dynamic performance of the service chip power supply without increasing the number of capacitors on the service board, is a hot topic in the current research on high-current power supply for ICT equipment.

Summary of the invention

The present application provides a voltage converter and a service board, which are used to reduce the number of capacitors required for the service board while meeting the dynamic performance of the service chip power supply.

In the first aspect, the voltage converter provided in the embodiment of the present application may include: an input port, an output port, a power conversion circuit and a voltage conversion circuit. The power conversion circuit is connected between the input port and the output port. Among them, the input port is used to receive the power supply voltage, and the power supply voltage is generally a DC voltage. There is no specific restriction on the amplitude of the power supply voltage. For example, it can be 12V, 48V, 400V, etc.; the power supply voltage can also be an AC voltage, which is not limited here. The output port is used to connect the load, and the load can specifically be a business chip. The business chip can specifically be a computing chip or a CPU, GPU, ASIC, UPU, etc. The business chip requires different currents under different business flows and working modes. When the business chip switches the working mode, a higher current dynamic will be generated. The power conversion circuit is used to convert the power supply voltage into the voltage required by the load to power the load. Specifically, the power conversion circuit can convert the power supply voltage provided by the input port into the voltage required by the load. The voltage is dropped to the voltage required by the business chip, which is usually about 1V or less than 1V. The power conversion circuit can meet the high current demand of the business chip when the power is supplied in a steady state, but when the load state changes, such as when the current required by the load increases (i.e., loading) or when the current required by the load decreases (i.e., unloading or unloading), the current rise or fall slope output by the power conversion circuit is small, resulting in a slow dynamic response and failure to meet the ultra-fast dynamic performance. Therefore, the voltage converter provided in the embodiment of the present application realizes ultra-fast dynamics by adding a voltage conversion circuit based on the power supply architecture of the power conversion circuit. Specifically, the voltage conversion circuit may include a converter, a first capacitor and a second capacitor; wherein one end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the other end is connected to one end of the converter, one end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the other end of the converter and the output port, respectively, and the second capacitor can be used as an output capacitor. In response to the power conversion circuit increasing the supply voltage, that is, when the current required by the load increases, the current output by the power conversion circuit rises, and the first capacitor can charge the second capacitor through the converter, and the voltage of the first capacitor is quickly discharged to the output port, thereby increasing the output current rise slope. In response to the power conversion circuit reducing the supply voltage, that is, the current output by the power conversion circuit decreases when the current required by the load decreases, the second capacitor can charge the first capacitor through the converter, and quickly charge the current released from the output port to the first capacitor, thereby increasing the output current drop slope. The effect of the second capacitor can be increased by the voltage conversion circuit, and the capacity of the second capacitor can be approximately increased. For example, a 1uF second capacitor can achieve the effect of a 10uF capacitor without adding a voltage conversion circuit by using a voltage conversion circuit. Therefore, the use of a voltage conversion circuit can reduce the number of capacitors required for a business board while meeting the dynamic performance of the business chip power supply. In other words, the use of a voltage conversion circuit can improve the dynamic performance of the business chip power supply without increasing the number of capacitors on the business board. The voltage conversion circuit is connected to the output port and will not affect the power supply architecture of the traditional power conversion circuit.

In an embodiment of the present application, the converter can establish an energy transmission channel between the first capacitor and the second capacitor when working, and the converter needs to support two-phase energy transmission to simultaneously meet the dynamic effects of loading and unloading. In response to the load state being loaded, the current of the output port increases, and the voltage value of the second capacitor connected to the output port becomes larger. In the voltage conversion circuit, the converter can control the voltage stored in the first capacitor to discharge and charge the second capacitor, so as to quickly provide a forward current to the load. In response to the load state being unloaded, the current of the output port decreases, and the voltage value of the second capacitor connected to the output port becomes smaller. In the voltage conversion circuit, the converter can control the voltage discharge of the second capacitor to charge the first capacitor, so as to quickly reversely extract current and transfer the energy of the load to the first capacitor.

In the embodiment of the present application, the capacitance values of the first capacitor and the second capacitor in the voltage conversion circuit are different, and the capacitance value of the first capacitor is generally greater than the capacitance value of the second capacitor. When the converter is working, the second capacitor with a smaller capacitance value can be used to cooperate with the converter and the first capacitor, so as to play the role of directly adding a second capacitor with a larger capacitance value without using a converter, that is, generating a capacitance value of A at the first capacitor has the same effect as directly loading a capacitance value of ^K2 *A at the second capacitor. The transformation ratio of the transformer in the converter is K:1.

The voltage conversion circuit can only process the power of the △V part generated when the load jumps, and △V includes the part △Vup that jumps upward when loading and the part △Vdown that jumps downward when unloading. The voltage conversion circuit can make the power of the △V part generated be amplified by K times at the first capacitor. Therefore, the power conversion P = 1/2*C2*△V ² *f, where f is the dynamic frequency generated by △V. When the dynamic frequency is low, the transmission power is very small.

In the embodiments of the present application, the power conversion circuit may have a variety of different topological structures, and the specific topological structure of the power conversion circuit is not limited in the present application. For example, the power conversion circuit may include a voltage divider (voltage divider module, VDM) and a buck converter circuit (buck converter) connected in series. Among them, one end of the voltage divider is connected to the input port, and the other end is connected to the buck converter circuit, and the other end of the buck converter circuit is connected to the output port. The voltage divider generally includes a transformer, and the transformer in the voltage divider can be reused with the transformer in the voltage conversion circuit, or it can be set separately. The buck converter circuit can specifically include a multi-phase buck circuit in parallel, and a multi-phase buck circuit is connected in parallel. The connection method can enable the power conversion circuit to support large current output to meet the ultra-large current requirements of the business chip.

In the embodiment of the present application, the converter in the voltage conversion circuit can establish an energy transmission channel between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and the converter can work normally by excitation and resetting the transformer in the converter. A hard switch circuit can be used in the converter, so that normal operation can be guaranteed when a very small inductance is loaded (while satisfying MOS current flow).

In an embodiment of the present application, the voltage converter may further include a controller for controlling the working state of the converter. In an embodiment of the present application, the controller may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processing (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of the present application. The above-mentioned processor may also be a combination that implements a computing function, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, and the like.

Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the controller used to control the converter and the controller used to control the power conversion circuit may be reused as the same controller or may be different controllers, which is not limited here.

In an embodiment of the present application, the controller can control the converter to power on before the power conversion circuit works, that is, to establish an energy transmission channel between the first capacitor and the second capacitor. The controller can also control the converter to power off and stop working after the power conversion circuit stops working, that is, to disconnect the energy transmission channel established between the first capacitor and the second capacitor. This is to reduce the current stress generated by the converter when it is turned on and off, and ensure that the second capacitor can be fully discharged after the power conversion circuit stops working.

In an embodiment of the present application, the converter includes a first switching circuit, a transformer and a second switching circuit.

Among them, the transformer has the function of "voltage transformation", and its coil can realize bidirectional current conduction, which is convenient for realizing positive and negative voltages and currents in positive and negative directions, and supports rapid loading and unloading. The transformer includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, and the same-name end of the primary winding can be located on the same side as the same-name end of the secondary winding, or the same-name end of the primary winding can also be located on the same side as the opposite-name end of the secondary winding.

In the embodiment of the present application, when designing the converter, the transformation ratio K:1 of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer can be adjusted as needed to adjust the output voltage of the converter so that the output voltage required by the converter is decoupled from the bus voltage. The K value is an integer greater than 1. In theory, K can take any value, for example: K=80 or K=360. In addition, through the transformation ratio of the transformer, the large current on the secondary side of the transformer can be conducted to the primary side, and the current is smaller, thereby introducing smaller losses.

In an embodiment of the present application, the first switch circuit is connected between the first capacitor and the two ends of the primary winding of the transformer, and the second switch circuit is connected between the two ends of the secondary winding of the transformer and the second capacitor. The first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are both composed of a plurality of switch tubes, and the controller can connect the gate of each switch tube to control the on or off of each switch tube. Before the power conversion circuit works, the controller can turn on the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit, that is, establish an energy transmission channel between the first capacitor and the second capacitor. After the power conversion circuit stops working, the controller can disconnect the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit, that is, disconnect the energy transmission channel established between the first capacitor and the second capacitor. To reduce the current stress generated by the converter when it is turned on and off, and to ensure that the second capacitor can be fully discharged after the power conversion circuit stops working.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit can have a variety of implementation structures. For example, the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit can each include two parallel bridge arms, each bridge arm includes an upper switch tube and a lower switch tube, and the connection point of the two switch tubes in each bridge arm forms the midpoint of the bridge arm. The two ends of the primary winding of the transformer are respectively connected to the midpoints of the two bridge arms of the first switch circuit, and the two ends of the secondary winding of the transformer are respectively connected to the midpoints of the two bridge arms of the second switch circuit. The midpoints of the bridge arms are connected, forming a full-bridge LLC + secondary full-bridge rectifier topology. One or both of the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit may also include only one bridge arm, forming a half-bridge + secondary full-wave rectifier topology, which is not limited here.

In the embodiment of the present application, the switching tubes included in the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit can be one or more of various types of switching devices such as metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), bipolar junction transistor (BJT), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), gallium nitride (GaN), etc.

In the embodiment of the present application, the converter may also adopt a resonant topology, such as a dual active bridge (DAB) or an asymmetric half bridge (AHB). Taking the DAB topology as an example, the controller may control the converter to operate in an open-loop resonant state, so that the converter exhibits a resistance characteristic (i.e., the converter is equivalent to an internal resistance), and the smaller the internal resistance of the converter, the better the working effect. Specifically, its working principle is as follows: the controller controls the on-off of the switch tube of the first switching circuit to generate positive and negative voltages, which, after passing through the resonant inductor, the resonant capacitor and the excitation inductor, are changed by the transformation ratio of the transformer to generate a rapidly changing current through the on-off of the switch tube of the second switching circuit.

In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application further provides a service board, including: the voltage converter provided in the first aspect and a service chip as a load. The voltage converter and service board provided in the present application can be applied to data centers, computing scenarios, wireless and other application scenarios with high requirements for output current load.

The technical effects that can be achieved in the second aspect can be referred to the technical effects that can be achieved by any possible design in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here. These or other aspects of the present application will be more concise and easy to understand in the description of the following embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG2a is a schematic diagram of the operation of a converter in a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application when loaded;

FIG2 b is a schematic diagram of the operation of the converter in the voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application during load reduction;

FIG3a is an equivalent circuit diagram of a voltage converter circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG3b is a schematic diagram of equivalent power of a voltage conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG5 is another specific structural diagram of a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG6a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a converter in a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG6 b is a circuit diagram of a converter in a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is another circuit diagram of a converter in a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals:
10-power conversion circuit; 20-voltage conversion circuit; 30-controller; 40-load; 21-converter; 22-first switching circuit; 23-second switching circuit; I-input port; O-output port; C1-first capacitor; C2-second capacitor; T1-transformer; Lm-excitation inductance; Lr-resonant inductance; Cr-resonant capacitor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the following will further describe this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed description. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; on the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same figure marks in the figures represent the same or similar structures, and thus their repeated descriptions will be omitted. The words expressing position and direction described in this application are all explained using the accompanying drawings as examples, but changes may be made as needed, and all changes are included in the scope of protection of this application. The drawings of this application are only used to illustrate the relative position relationship and do not represent the true proportions.

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific operating method in the method embodiment can also be applied to the device embodiment or the system embodiment. It should be noted that in the description of the present application, "at least one" refers to one or more, wherein multiple refers to two or more. In view of this, "multiple" can also be understood as "at least two" in the embodiment of the present invention. "And/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/", unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. In addition, it should be understood that in the description of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying order.

It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, "connection" refers to electrical connection, and the connection between two electrical components can be a direct or indirect connection between the two electrical components. For example, A and B are connected, which can be either A and B directly connected, or A and B indirectly connected through one or more other electrical components, for example, A and B are connected, or A and C are directly connected, C and B are directly connected, and A and B are connected through C.

The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG1 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Referring to FIG1 , a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application may include: an input port I, an output port O, a power conversion circuit 10, and a voltage conversion circuit 20. The power conversion circuit 10 is connected between the input port I and the output port O. Among them, the input port I is used to receive the power supply voltage, which is generally a DC voltage, and there is no specific restriction on the amplitude of the power supply voltage, for example, it can be 12V, 48V, 400V, etc.; the power supply voltage can also be an AC voltage, which is not limited here. The output port O is used to connect the load 40, and the load 40 can specifically be a business chip, and the business chip can specifically be a computing chip or a CPU, GPU, ASIC, UPU, etc. The business chip requires different currents under different business flows and working modes. When the business chip switches the working mode, a higher current dynamic will be generated. The power conversion circuit 10 is used to convert the power supply voltage into the voltage required by the load 40 to power the load 40. Specifically, the power conversion circuit 10 can reduce the power supply voltage provided by the input port I to the voltage required by the business chip, which is usually about 1V, or lower than 1V. The power conversion circuit 10 can meet the high current requirements of the business chip when the power is supplied in a steady state, but when the load state changes, for example, the current required by the load 40 increases (i.e., loading) or the current required by the load 40 decreases (i.e., unloading or unloading), the current output by the power conversion circuit 10 has a small rise or fall slope, resulting in a slow dynamic response and unable to meet the ultra-fast dynamic performance. Therefore, the voltage converter provided in the embodiment of the present application realizes ultra-fast dynamics by adding a voltage conversion circuit 20 based on the power supply architecture of the power conversion circuit 10. Specifically, the voltage conversion circuit 20 may include a converter 21, a first capacitor C1, and a second capacitor C2; wherein one end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end is connected to one end of the converter 21, one end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded, and the other end is respectively connected to the other end of the converter 21 and the output port O, and the second capacitor C2 can be used as an output capacitor. In response to the power conversion circuit 10 increasing the supply voltage, that is, when the current required by the load 40 increases, the current output by the power conversion circuit 10 increases, the first capacitor C1 can charge the second capacitor C2 through the converter 21, and the voltage of the first capacitor C1 is quickly discharged to the output port O, thereby increasing the output current. Output current rising slope. In response to the power conversion circuit 10 reducing the supply voltage, that is, the current output by the power conversion circuit 10 decreases when the current required by the load 40 decreases, the second capacitor C2 can charge the first capacitor C1 through the converter 21, and quickly charge the current released from the output port O to the first capacitor C1, thereby increasing the output current falling slope. The effect of the second capacitor C2 can be increased by adding the voltage conversion circuit 20, and the capacity of the second capacitor C2 can be approximately increased. For example, the second capacitor C2 of 1uF can achieve the effect of a 10uF capacitor without adding a voltage conversion circuit by using the voltage conversion circuit 20. Therefore, the use of the voltage conversion circuit 20 can reduce the number of capacitors required by the business board under the premise of meeting the dynamic performance of the business chip power supply. In other words, the use of the voltage conversion circuit 20 can improve the dynamic performance of the business chip power supply without increasing the number of capacitors of the business board. The voltage conversion circuit 20 is connected to the output port O, and will not affect the power supply architecture of the traditional power conversion circuit.

FIG2a schematically shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the converter in the voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application when loaded, and FIG2b schematically shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the converter in the voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application when unloaded.

In the embodiment of the present application, the converter 21 can establish an energy transmission channel between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 when working, and the converter 21 needs to support two-phase energy transmission to simultaneously meet the dynamic effects of loading and unloading. Referring to FIG2a, in response to the load state being loaded, the current of the output port O increases, and the voltage value of the second capacitor C2 connected to the output port O becomes larger. In the voltage conversion circuit 20, the converter 21 can control the discharge of the voltage stored in the first capacitor C1 and charge the second capacitor C2, so as to quickly provide a forward current to the load 40. Referring to FIG2b, in response to the load state being unloaded, the current of the output port O decreases, and the voltage value of the second capacitor C2 connected to the output port O becomes smaller. In the voltage conversion circuit 20, the converter 21 can control the discharge of the voltage of the second capacitor C2 and charge the first capacitor C1, so as to quickly reversely extract current and transfer the energy of the load 40 to the first capacitor C1.

FIG3a schematically shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a voltage conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, and FIG3b schematically shows an equivalent power schematic diagram of a voltage conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

3a, in the embodiment of the present application, the capacitance values of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 in the voltage conversion circuit 20 are different, and the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 is generally greater than the capacitance value of the second capacitor C2. When the converter 21 is working, the second capacitor C2 with a smaller capacitance value can be used to cooperate with the converter 21 and the first capacitor C1, so as to play the role of directly adding a second capacitor C2 with a larger capacitance value without using the converter 21, that is, generating a capacitance value of A at the first capacitor C1 and directly loading a capacitance value of ^K2 *A at the second capacitor C2 have the same capacitance effect. The transformation ratio of the transformer in the converter 21 is K:1.

Referring to FIG. 3b, the voltage conversion circuit 20 can only process the power of the △V part generated when the load 40 jumps, and △V includes the part △Vup that jumps upward when loading and the part △Vdown that jumps downward when unloading. The voltage conversion circuit 20 can make the power of the △V part generated be amplified by K times at the first capacitor C1. Therefore, the power conversion P = 1/2*C2*△V ² *f, where f is the dynamic frequency generated by △V. When the dynamic frequency is low, the transmission power is very small.

FIG4 schematically shows a specific structural diagram of a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application, and FIG5 schematically shows another specific structural diagram of a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.

In the embodiment of the present application, the power conversion circuit 10 may have a variety of different topological structures, and the specific topological structure of the power conversion circuit 10 is not limited in the present application. For example, referring to FIG. 4, the power conversion circuit 10 may include a voltage divider (voltage divider module, VDM) 11 and a buck converter circuit (buck converter) 12 connected in series. Among them, one end of the voltage divider 11 is connected to the input port I, and the other end is connected to the buck converter circuit 12, and the other end of the buck converter circuit 12 is connected to the output port O. The voltage divider 11 generally includes a transformer, and the transformer in the voltage divider 11 can be reused with the transformer in the voltage conversion circuit 20, or it can be set separately. Referring to FIG. 4, the buck converter circuit 12 can specifically include a multi-phase buck circuit in parallel. FIG. 5 takes a three-phase buck circuit in parallel as an example. By connecting multiple buck circuits in parallel, the power conversion circuit 10 can support large current output to meet the needs of the business chip Ultra-large current requirements.

In the embodiment of the present application, the converter 21 in the voltage conversion circuit 20 can realize the establishment of an energy transmission channel between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2, and the converter 21 can work normally by excitation and resetting the transformer in the converter 21. A hard switch circuit can be used in the converter 21, so that normal operation can be guaranteed when a very small inductance is loaded (while satisfying MOS current flow).

Referring to Figures 4 and 5, in the embodiment of the present application, the voltage converter may further include a controller 30 for controlling the working state of the converter 21. In the embodiment of the present application, the controller 30 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processing (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of the present application. The above-mentioned processor may also be a combination that implements a computing function, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, and the like.

Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the controller 30 for controlling the converter 21 and the controller for controlling the power conversion circuit 10 may be reused as the same controller or may be different controllers, which is not limited here.

In the embodiment of the present application, the controller 30 can control the converter 21 to power on before the power conversion circuit 10 works, that is, to establish an energy transmission channel between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2. The controller 30 can also control the converter 21 to power off and stop working after the power conversion circuit 10 stops working, that is, to disconnect the energy transmission channel established between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2. This is to reduce the current stress generated by the converter 21 when it is turned on and off, and ensure that the second capacitor C2 can be fully discharged after the power conversion circuit 10 stops working.

FIG6a schematically shows a structural diagram of a converter in a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application, and FIG6b schematically shows a circuit diagram of a converter in a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.

6 a and 6 b , in the embodiment of the present application, the converter 21 may include a first switch circuit 22 , a transformer T1 , and a second switch circuit 23 .

Among them, transformer T1 has the function of "voltage transformation", and its coil can realize bidirectional current conduction, facilitate the realization of positive and negative voltages and currents in positive and negative directions, and support rapid loading and unloading. Transformer T1 includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, and the same-name end of the primary winding can be located on the same side as the same-name end of the secondary winding, or the same-name end of the primary winding can also be located on the same side as the opposite-name end of the secondary winding.

In the embodiment of the present application, when designing the converter 21, the transformation ratio K:1 of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer T1 can be adjusted as needed to adjust the output voltage of the converter 21 so that the output voltage required by the converter 21 is decoupled from the bus voltage. The K value is an integer greater than 1. Theoretically, K can take any value, for example: K=80 or K=360. In addition, through the transformation ratio of the transformer T1, the large current on the secondary side of the transformer T1 can be conducted to the primary side, and the current is smaller, thereby introducing smaller losses.

In an embodiment of the present application, the first switch circuit 22 is connected between the first capacitor C1 and the two ends of the primary winding of the transformer T1, and the second switch circuit 23 is connected between the two ends of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 and the second capacitor C2. The first switch circuit 22 and the second switch circuit 23 are both composed of a plurality of switch tubes, and the controller 30 can be connected to the gate of each switch tube to control the on or off of each switch tube. Before the power conversion circuit 10 works, the controller 30 can turn on the first switch circuit 22 and the second switch circuit 23, that is, establish an energy transmission channel between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2. After the power conversion circuit 10 stops working, the controller 30 can disconnect the first switch circuit 22 and the second switch circuit 23, that is, disconnect the energy transmission channel established between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2. To reduce the converter 21 The current stress generated during startup and shutdown, and ensuring that the second capacitor C2 can be fully discharged after the power conversion circuit 10 stops working.

In an embodiment of the present application, the first switch circuit 22 and the second switch circuit 23 may have a variety of implementation structures. For example, referring to FIG6b, the first switch circuit 22 and the second switch circuit 23 may each include two parallel bridge arms, each bridge arm includes an upper switch tube and a lower switch tube, and the connection point of the two switch tubes in each bridge arm forms the midpoint of the bridge arm. The two ends of the primary winding of the transformer T1 are respectively connected to the midpoints of the bridge arms of the two bridge arms of the first switch circuit 22, and the two ends of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 are respectively connected to the midpoints of the bridge arms of the two bridge arms of the second switch circuit 23, that is, a full-bridge LLC + secondary full-bridge rectification topology is formed. Referring to FIG6a, one or both of the first switch circuit 22 and the second switch circuit 23 may also include only one bridge arm, that is, a half-bridge + secondary full-wave rectification topology is formed, which is not limited here.

In the embodiment of the present application, the switching tubes included in the first switching circuit 22 and the second switching circuit 23 can be one or more of various types of switching devices such as metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), bipolar junction transistor (BJT), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), gallium nitride (GaN), etc.

FIG. 7 schematically shows a circuit diagram of a converter in a voltage converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.

In the embodiment of the present application, the converter 21 may also adopt a resonant topology, such as a dual active bridge converter (DAB) or an asymmetric half bridge converter (AHB). Referring to FIG7 , taking the DAB topology as an example, the converter 21 may work in an open-loop resonant state, and the converter 21 presents a resistance characteristic (i.e., the converter 21 is equivalent to an internal resistance), and the smaller the internal resistance of the converter 21, the better the working effect. Specifically, the working principle is as follows: the controller 30 controls the on-off of the switch tube of the first switch circuit 22 (generally, S1 and S4 are turned on and S3 and S2 are turned on alternately), generating positive voltage and negative voltage, and after passing through the resonant inductor Lr, the resonant capacitor Cr and the excitation inductor Lm, the voltage multiple is changed by the transformation ratio of the transformer T1, and then the fast-changing current is generated through the on-off of the switch tube of the second switch circuit 23 (generally, Q1 and Q4 are turned on and Q3 and Q2 are turned on alternately).

Based on the voltage converter provided in the above embodiment, the present application also provides a service board, including: the above voltage converter provided in the embodiment of the present application and a service chip as a load. The voltage converter and service board provided in the present application can be applied to data centers, computing scenarios, wireless and other application scenarios with high requirements for output current load.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the scope of protection of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

A voltage converter, characterized in that it comprises: an input port, an output port, a power conversion circuit, and a voltage conversion circuit; The power conversion circuit is connected between the input port and the output port; The voltage conversion circuit includes a converter, a first capacitor and a second capacitor; one end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the other end is connected to one end of the converter; one end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the other end of the converter and the output port respectively; The input port is used to receive a power supply voltage, and the output port is used to connect a load; The power conversion circuit is used to convert the power supply voltage into the voltage required by the load to supply power to the load; In response to the power conversion circuit increasing the supply voltage, the first capacitor is used to charge the second capacitor through the converter; in response to the power conversion circuit reducing the supply voltage, the second capacitor is used to charge the first capacitor through the converter. The voltage converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter comprises a first switching circuit, a transformer and a second switching circuit; The first switch circuit is connected between the first capacitor and two ends of the primary winding of the transformer; The second switch circuit is connected between two ends of the secondary winding of the transformer and the second capacitor. The voltage converter as described in claim 2 is characterized in that the first switching circuit includes two parallel bridge arms, each bridge arm includes an upper switch tube and a lower switch tube, and the two ends of the primary winding of the transformer are respectively connected to the midpoints of the two bridge arms of the first switching circuit. The voltage converter as described in claim 2 or 3 is characterized in that the second switching circuit includes two parallel bridge arms, each bridge arm includes an upper switch tube and a lower switch tube, and the two ends of the secondary winding of the transformer are respectively connected to the midpoints of the two bridge arms of the second switching circuit. The voltage converter according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that before the power conversion circuit starts to work, the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are turned on; After the power conversion circuit stops working, the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are disconnected. A service single board, characterized in that it comprises a voltage converter and a service chip, wherein the voltage converter comprises: an input port, an output port, a power conversion circuit and a voltage conversion circuit; The power conversion circuit is connected between the input port and the output port; The voltage conversion circuit includes a converter, a first capacitor and a second capacitor; one end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the other end is connected to one end of the converter; one end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the other end of the converter and the output port respectively; The output port is connected to the service chip, and the input port is used to receive the power supply voltage; The power conversion circuit is used to convert the power supply voltage into the voltage required by the business chip to Service chip power supply; In response to the power conversion circuit increasing the supply voltage, the first capacitor is used to charge the second capacitor through the converter; in response to the power conversion circuit reducing the supply voltage, the second capacitor is used to charge the first capacitor through the converter. The service board according to claim 6, characterized in that the converter comprises a first switch circuit, a transformer and a second switch circuit; The first switch circuit is connected between the first capacitor and two ends of the primary winding of the transformer; The second switch circuit is connected between two ends of the secondary winding of the transformer and the second capacitor. The service board as described in claim 7 is characterized in that the first switching circuit includes two parallel bridge arms, each bridge arm includes an upper switch tube and a lower switch tube, and the two ends of the primary winding of the transformer are respectively connected to the midpoints of the two bridge arms of the first switching circuit. The service board as described in claim 7 or 8 is characterized in that the second switching circuit includes two parallel bridge arms, each bridge arm includes an upper switch tube and a lower switch tube, and the two ends of the secondary winding of the transformer are respectively connected to the midpoints of the two bridge arms of the second switching circuit. The service board according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that before the power conversion circuit starts working, the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are turned on; After the power conversion circuit stops working, the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are disconnected.