WO2024217504A1 - 缀合物及其应用和制备 - Google Patents
缀合物及其应用和制备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024217504A1 WO2024217504A1 PCT/CN2024/088619 CN2024088619W WO2024217504A1 WO 2024217504 A1 WO2024217504 A1 WO 2024217504A1 CN 2024088619 W CN2024088619 W CN 2024088619W WO 2024217504 A1 WO2024217504 A1 WO 2024217504A1
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- 102000044126 RNA-Binding Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710105008 RNA-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OSYQOBUUFRGFNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sebacic acid monomethyl ester Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OSYQOBUUFRGFNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012507 Sephadex™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108020004682 Single-Stranded DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- LJHFUFVRZNYVMK-CYBMUJFWSA-N [3-[4-(aminomethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-[(3R)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]methanone Chemical compound NCC1=CC(=NC(=C1)C(F)(F)F)OC=1C=C(C=CC=1)C(=O)N1C[C@@H](CC1)O LJHFUFVRZNYVMK-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125644 antibody drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- MCQRPQCQMGVWIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;methylsulfanylmethane Chemical compound [B].CSC MCQRPQCQMGVWIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005829 chemical entities Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012069 chiral reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013611 chromosomal DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930193282 clathrin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950002735 fitusiran Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012226 gene silencing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229950010941 givosiran Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026278 immune system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001632 labetalol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229940068213 nedosiran Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091027963 non-coding RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000042567 non-coding RNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002531 positive electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940054269 sodium pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012089 stop solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTBKGWHHOBJMHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl imidazole-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1C=CN=C1 MTBKGWHHOBJMHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXUZRBQIVIUOLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-[3-[3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propylamino]propyl]carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCCCNCCCNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C RXUZRBQIVIUOLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)Cl BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/61—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule the organic macromolecular compound being a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/02—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with ribosyl as saccharide radical
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a conjugate and its application and preparation, specifically to a novel tetravalent N-acetylgalactosamine-substituted aromatic amide conjugate and its application and preparation, and more specifically to a conjugate that can be linked to a compound (such as a therapeutic agent such as an oligonucleotide) to direct the compound to a target in the body.
- a compound such as a therapeutic agent such as an oligonucleotide
- RNA-based therapies can not only regulate gene expression, but also produce therapeutic proteins or antigens that stimulate immune responses, thereby treating a variety of disease types including infectious diseases, cancer, immune diseases and genetic diseases. They are a new generation of therapies following small molecule drugs and antibody drugs.
- Oligonucleotides are basically composed of single or double strands of ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides within 100, also known as small nucleic acids, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), nucleic acid aptamers (Aptamer) and micro RNA (miRNA).
- ASO antisense oligonucleotides
- siRNA small interfering RNA
- Aptamer nucleic acid aptamers
- miRNA micro RNA
- Oligonucleotide drugs mainly regulate gene expression through a series of mechanisms such as gene silencing, non-coding RNA inhibition, and gene activation through the principle of base complementary pairing and pairing with DNA, mRNA or pre-mRNA.
- oligonucleotides are negatively charged macromolecules that are easily degraded by RNases, have poor stability, and cannot diffuse freely in tissues like lipophilic small molecule drugs. Their therapeutic targets are intracellular, so their precise delivery to target cells is the main challenge limiting the therapeutic development of oligonucleotides.
- GalNAc N-acetylgalactosamine conjugated delivery system as a galactose amino sugar derivative
- GalNAc is a high-affinity targeting ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR).
- ASGPR is specifically and highly expressed on the surface of hepatocytes and lowly expressed in other cell types. It is also a very efficient hepatocyte uptake circulating receptor, and its circulation rate is much higher than the circulation time of other cell surface circulatory receptors.
- GalNAc-siRNA conjugates can achieve efficient cellular internalization (endocytosis) and achieve the effect of delivering oligonucleotide drugs to hepatocytes (targeted).
- the binding of GalNAc to ASGPR occurs on the sinusoidal surface of hepatocytes, and the endocytosis mediated by ASGPR and clathrin
- the GalNAc-siRNA conjugate can be effectively transported from the cell surface to the cytoplasm.
- the pH value decreases, the GalNAc-siRNA conjugate is released from the ASGPR into the endosome cavity, and the ASGPR is recovered to the surface of the hepatocyte.
- GalNAc and the linker are degraded from the siRNA conjugate, and through a certain mechanism, the siRNA is released into the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. Once in the cytoplasm, the siRNA is rapidly loaded into the Ago protein by the transduction-responsive RNA binding protein, inducing a strong and sustained mRNA interference response.
- This combination of receptor and optimized ligand is used in both ASO drugs and siRNA drugs, significantly reducing the toxicity of siRNA and ASO.
- the synthesis and purification of the GalNAc-siRNA conjugate is much simpler.
- the GalNAc conjugate is convenient for clinical use and can be injected subcutaneously, with the advantages of rapid absorption, high absorption rate and long half-life.
- GalNAc conjugates are safer and do not require anti-inflammatory treatment before infusion. Based on these advantages, most siRNA drugs in clinical trials are GalNAc conjugates, including givosiran, vutrisiran, nedosiran, inclisiran, and fitusiran. GalNAc coupling technology is currently the most efficient oligonucleotide drug delivery system.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the synthesis route of GalNAc conjugates in the prior art is long and the types are lacking, thereby providing a new GalNAc conjugate and its application and preparation.
- the conjugate in the present invention has one or more of the following advantages: reduced antigen activity on the surface of HBV, no cytotoxicity, good safety; good hepatocyte targeting; short synthesis route, high synthesis efficiency, low cost; strong binding to ASGPR, and high drug delivery efficiency.
- the present invention provides a GalNAc conjugate as shown in formula I;
- X- is O- or S- ;
- M z+ is a pharmaceutically acceptable positive ion
- the negative ions The total valence of is equal to that of the positive ion;
- RNA is an oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide is a single-stranded or double-stranded oligonucleotide consisting of 15-35 modified or unmodified nucleic acid monomers;
- A is (the right side is connected to the benzene ring) or a connecting bond
- k 2;
- A When A is a connecting bond, A is located at the L2 - meta position;
- n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6 and n7 are independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
- n1 and m2 are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
- q1 and q2 are independently 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
- X- is O- or S- ;
- M z+ is a pharmaceutically acceptable positive ion
- the negative ions The total valence of is equal to that of the positive ion;
- RNA is an oligonucleotide, wherein the oligonucleotide is a single-stranded or double-stranded oligonucleotide consisting of 15-35 modified or unmodified nucleic acid monomers;
- A is (the right side is connected to the benzene ring) or a connecting bond
- k 2;
- A When A is a connecting bond, A is located at the L2 - meta position;
- n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6 and n7 are independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
- n1 and m2 are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
- q1 and q2 are independently 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
- RNA is antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), nucleic acid aptamer (Aptamer) and micro RNA (miRNA).
- ASO antisense oligonucleotide
- siRNA small interfering RNA
- Aptamer nucleic acid aptamer
- miRNA micro RNA
- RNA is small interfering RNA.
- the small interfering RNA is HBV siRNA or complement C3 siRNA; more preferably, the sequence of the RNA is as shown in SEQ ID NO:2 or as shown in SEQ ID NO:4.
- RNA is antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), aptamer and micro RNA (miRNA).
- ASO antisense oligonucleotide
- siRNA small interfering RNA
- miRNA aptamer
- micro RNA miRNA
- RNA is small interfering RNA
- HBV siRNA HBV siRNA
- the n1 is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; preferably, the n1 is 1, 2 or 3.
- the n2 is 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably, the n2 is 1 or 2.
- the n3 is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; preferably, the n3 is 3.
- the n4 is 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably, the n4 is 2.
- the n5 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; preferably, the n5 is 4.
- the n6 is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; preferably, the n6 is 3.
- the n7 is 1, 2 or 3; preferably, the n7 is 1.
- the m1 is 1 or 2; preferably, the m1 is 1.
- the m2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; preferably, the m2 is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- the q1 is 1, 2, 3 or 4; preferably, the q1 is 2.
- the q2 is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; preferably, the q2 is 3.
- the X- is O- or S- .
- X- is O- .
- the M z+ is a metal cation or an organic base cation; preferably, the metal cation is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation, such as Na + , K + or Ca 2+ , and the organic base cation can be an ammonium cation, such as
- the M z+ is preferably a metal cation, such as Na + .
- the n1 is 1, 2 or 3, the n2 is 2.
- the n3 is 3, the n4 is 2, and the n7 is 1.
- the n6 when the n5 is 4, the n6 is 3.
- the for Preferably, the for
- the for Preferably, the for
- the for Preferably, the for
- the for Preferably, the for
- the GalNAc conjugate is any of the following structures:
- the GalNAc conjugate is:
- the present invention also provides a method for preparing the conjugate of formula I as described above, comprising the following steps: preparing the conjugate of formula I from the compound of formula IA by a solid phase phosphoramidite method;
- L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , A, X - , M z+ , k and RNA are defined as above;
- R1 is dimethoxytrityl (DMTr), p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), trityl (Tr), p-methoxytrityl (MMTr), allyl (All) or tert-butyl;
- R2 is a hydroxyl protecting group.
- the solid phase phosphoramidite method is a conventional method in the art; for example, it includes connecting nucleoside monomers one by one (from 3' to 5' direction); each connection of a nucleoside monomer includes four steps of deprotection, coupling, oxidation or sulfurization, and capping.
- the solid phase phosphoramidite method is a conventional method in the art; for example, it includes deprotection, coupling, oxidation or sulfurization, capping, purification and desalting steps.
- the solid phase support is amino-controlled microporous glass balls and solid phase synthetic resin.
- the pore size of the amino-controlled microporous glass balls is or
- the amino group loading of the amino-controlled microporous glass spheres is 160-200 ⁇ mol/g, preferably 180 ⁇ mol/g.
- the R 1 is 4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylmethyl (DMTr).
- the hydroxyl protecting group is an acetyl group.
- the preparation method of the conjugate of formula I may further include a preparation method of the compound of formula IA, which may include the following steps: reacting the compound of formula IB with a solid support in the presence of a solvent, a condensing agent and a base to obtain the compound of formula IA;
- R 3 is a hydroxyl protecting group or a group for binding to a solid support.
- the hydroxyl protecting group is dimethoxytrityl (DMTr), p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), trityl (Tr), p-methoxytrityl (MMTr), allyl (All) or tert-butyl.
- the solvent is conventional in the art, such as acetonitrile.
- the base is conventional in the art, such as diisopropylethylamine (DIEA).
- DIEA diisopropylethylamine
- the condensing agent is conventional in the art, such as N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), N-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAT), 1-hydroxy 1-Hydroxy-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (HOCT), O-(7-azabenzotriazole-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphonate (HATU), O-benzotriazole-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 6-chlorobenzotriazole-1
- the preparation method of the conjugate of formula I may further include a preparation method of a compound of formula IB, which may include the following steps: in the presence of a solvent, a catalyst and a base, subjecting a compound of formula II to the following reaction to obtain a compound of formula IB;
- L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , A, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and k are as defined above.
- the base is an organic base, preferably an amine organic base, such as triethylamine.
- the solvent is conventional in the art, such as dichloromethane.
- the catalyst is conventional in the art, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP).
- DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- the preparation method of the conjugate of formula I may further include a preparation method of the compound of formula II, which may include the following steps: in a solvent, in the presence of a condensing agent and a base, the compound of formula III and the compound of formula IV undergo an amide condensation reaction as shown below to obtain the compound of formula II;
- E is hydrogen; or for E is a hydroxyl group;
- G is hydroxyl; or, for G is hydrogen;
- L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , R 1 , R 2 , m1 , m2 , A and k are as defined above.
- the conditions and operation of the amide condensation reaction may be conventional conditions and operations in this type of reaction in the art; in the present invention, the following are preferred:
- the solvent can be selected from one or more of dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.
- the base can be selected conventionally in the art, for example, organic base and/or inorganic base can be used for such reaction, the organic base is selected from one or more of pyridine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine and triethylamine, and the inorganic base is sodium carbonate.
- the condensing agent can be selected from conventional methods in the art, such as N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), N-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAT), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), 1-hydroxy-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (HOCT), O-(7-azabenzotriazole-1-yl)-N,N,N, N-Tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphonium salt (HATU), O-benzotriazole-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 6-chlorobenzotriazole-1,1,3,
- the temperature of the amide condensation reaction may be 20-30°C, for example 25°C.
- the progress of the amide condensation reaction shown can be monitored by conventional monitoring methods in the art (such as TLC, HPLC or NMR), and the reaction endpoint is generally taken as the disappearance of the substrate or the end of the reaction.
- the present invention also provides a compound represented by formula IA or a salt thereof;
- the present invention also provides a compound represented by formula IB or a salt thereof;
- L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A and k are as defined above.
- the structure of the compound as shown in Formula IB is any one of the following:
- the salt of the compound represented by formula I-B is preferably a triethylamine salt.
- the present invention also provides a compound as shown in formula II;
- L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , R 1 , R 2 , A and k are as defined above.
- the structure of the compound shown in Formula II is any one of the following:
- the present invention also provides a compound represented by formula II-A;
- L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , R 1 , A and k are as defined above.
- the present invention also provides a use of the compound of formula II described above in the preparation of the conjugate of formula I described above.
- the application of the compound of formula II comprises the following steps:
- Step 1 In the presence of a solvent, a catalyst and a base, the compound of formula II is subjected to the following reaction to obtain a compound of formula IB;
- L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , A, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and k are as defined above;
- Step 2 reacting the compound of formula IB with a solid support in the presence of a solvent, a condensing agent and a base to obtain the compound of formula IA;
- R 3 is a hydroxyl protecting group or a group for binding to a solid support
- Step 3 The compound of formula IA is prepared by solid phase phosphoramidite method to obtain the conjugate of formula I;
- L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , A, X - , M z+ , k and RNA are as defined above;
- R1 is dimethoxytrityl, p-methoxybenzyl, trityl, p-methoxytrityl, allyl or tert-butyl;
- R2 is a hydroxyl protecting group
- step 1, step 2 and step 3 are as described above.
- the present invention also provides a use of the compound of formula I-B as described above in the preparation of the conjugate of formula I as described above.
- the application of the compound of formula I-B comprises the following steps:
- Step A reacting the compound of formula IB with a solid support in the presence of a solvent, a condensing agent and a base to obtain the compound of formula IA;
- R 3 is a hydroxyl protecting group or a group for binding to a solid support
- Step B preparing the compound of formula IA by solid phase phosphoramidite method to obtain the conjugate of formula I;
- L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , A, X - , M z+ , k and RNA are as defined above;
- the present invention also provides a use of the conjugate or the pharmaceutical composition as described above in preparing a drug for treating liver-related diseases.
- the viral hepatitis is hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C or hepatitis D, preferably hepatitis B.
- the liver infectious disease is liver abscess, liver tuberculosis or liver echinococcosis.
- the liver metabolic disease is a disease caused by abnormal liver metabolism, fatty liver, hepatic amyloid disease or hepatolenticular disease.
- the disease caused by abnormal liver metabolism is hyperlipidemia.
- the present invention also provides a use of the conjugate or the pharmaceutical composition as described above in preparing a drug for inhibiting the expression of complement C3 protein.
- the drug for inhibiting the expression of complement C3 protein can be a drug for treating immune-induced chronic kidney disease, systemic myasthenia gravis or refractory hypertension.
- the immune-induced chronic kidney disease may be C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) or membranoproliferative nephropathy (MPGN).
- C3G C3 glomerulopathy
- IgAN IgA nephropathy
- MPGN membranoproliferative nephropathy
- the tetravalent (tetradentate) N-acetylgalactosamine substituted aromatic amide GalNAc conjugated groups described in the present disclosure can enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents to specific target locations (e.g., specific organs or tissues) in objects such as humans or animals.
- the conjugated groups can enhance the targeted delivery of expression inhibitory oligonucleotides.
- the tetravalent (tetradentate) N-acetylgalactosamine substituted aromatic amide GalNAc conjugated groups can enhance the delivery of expression inhibitory oligonucleotides to hepatocytes.
- polynucleotide and oligonucleotide refer to a polymer or oligomer of nucleotide or nucleoside monomers composed of naturally occurring bases, sugars and intersugar (backbone) linkages.
- polynucleotide and oligonucleotide also include A polymer or oligomer comprising a non-naturally occurring monomer or part thereof with similar functions.
- modified or substituted oligonucleotides are generally superior to native forms due to their characteristics, such as enhanced cellular uptake, reduced immunogenicity, and increased stability in the presence of nucleases.
- single-stranded oligonucleotide refers to a single-stranded oligonucleotide having a sequence at least partially complementary to a target mRNA, which can hybridize with the target mRNA under mammalian physiological conditions (or a suitable in vitro environment) by hydrogen bonds.
- the single-stranded oligonucleotide is a single-stranded antisense oligonucleotide.
- nucleic acid sequence also implicitly encompasses conservatively modified variants thereof (e.g., degenerate codon substitutions), alleles, orthologs, SNPs, and complementary sequences, as well as sequences explicitly indicated.
- degenerate codon substitutions can be achieved by generating a sequence in which the third position of one or more selected (or all) codons is replaced by mixed bases and/or deoxyinosine residues.
- the tetradentate targeting ligands described herein can be conjugated to nucleic acids.
- nucleic acids are nucleic acids described herein.
- nucleic acids used herein can be single-stranded DNA or RNA, or double-stranded DNA or RNA, or DNA-RNA hybrids.
- double-stranded RNA examples include, for example, siRNA and other siRNA agents, such as aiRNA and precursor miRNA.
- Single-stranded nucleic acids include, for example, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, mature miRNAs, and oligonucleotides forming triplexes.
- nucleic acid is an oligonucleotide.
- the length of the oligonucleotide is in the range of about 10 to about 100 nucleotides.
- the length of strand, double-stranded and triple-stranded oligonucleotides can be in the range of about 10 to about 60 nucleotides, about 15 to about 60 nucleotides, about 20 to about 50 nucleotides, about 15 to about 30 nucleotides or about 20 to about 30 nucleotides. In certain embodiments.
- the nucleic acid is an antisense molecule. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid is a miRNA molecule. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid is a siRNA.
- the short interfering RNA (siRNA) disclosed in the present invention is a type of RNA molecule with a length of 20 to 25 base pairs, similar to miRNA, and operates within the RNA interference (siRNA) pathway, which interferes with the translation of mRNA of a specific gene complementary to the nucleotide sequence, resulting in mRNA degradation.
- the short interfering RNA (siRNA) disclosed in the present invention includes double-stranded siRNA (including a sense strand and an antisense strand) and single-stranded siRNA (antisense strand only).
- siRNA is chemically synthesized.
- Oligonucleotides comprising siRNA molecules of the present invention can be synthesized using any of a variety of techniques known in the art. The synthesis of oligonucleotides utilizes common nucleic acid protection and coupling groups, such as dimethoxytrityl at the 5' end and phosphoramidite at the 3' end. Suitable reagents for oligonucleotide synthesis, methods for RNA deprotection, and methods for RNA purification are known to those skilled in the art.
- the siRNA molecule can be assembled from two different oligonucleotides, one of which contains the sense strand of the siRNA and the other contains the antisense strand of the siRNA.
- each strand can be synthesized separately and linked together by hybridization or ligation after synthesis and/or deprotection.
- sequence or “nucleotide sequence” described in the present disclosure refers to the order or sequence of nucleobases or nucleotides described by a sequence of letters using standard nucleotide nomenclature.
- the "modification" of nucleotides described in the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, methoxy modification, fluorine modification, phosphorothioate linkage, and the like.
- the fluorinated modified nucleotides disclosed herein refer to nucleotides in which the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose group of the nucleotide is replaced by fluorine
- the methoxy-modified nucleotides refer to nucleotides in which the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose group is replaced by a methoxy group.
- the compounds of the present disclosure may exist in specific geometric or stereoisomeric forms.
- the present disclosure contemplates all such compounds, including (R)- and (S)-enantiomers, diastereomers, and racemic mixtures and other mixtures thereof, such as enantiomerically or diastereomerically enriched mixtures, all of which are within the scope of the present disclosure.
- Additional asymmetric carbon atoms may be present in substituents such as alkyl. All of these isomers and their mixtures are included within the scope of the present disclosure.
- enantiomer or “optical isomer” refers to stereoisomers that are mirror images of one another.
- diastereomer refers to stereoisomers that have two or more chiral centers and that are not mirror images of each other.
- the terms “enriched in one isomer”, “isomerically enriched”, “enriched in one enantiomer” or “enantiomerically enriched” mean that the content of one isomer or enantiomer is less than 100%, and the content of the isomer or enantiomer is greater than or equal to 60%, or greater than or equal to 70%, or greater than or equal to 80%, or greater than or equal to 90%, or greater than or equal to 95%, or greater than or equal to 96%, or greater than or equal to 97%, or greater than or equal to 98%, or greater than or equal to 99%, or greater than or equal to 99.5%, or greater than or equal to 99.6%, or greater than or equal to 99.7%, or greater than or equal to 99.8%, or greater than or equal to 99.9%.
- the term “isomer excess” or “enantiomeric excess” refers to the difference between the relative percentages of two isomers or two enantiomers. For example, if the content of one isomer or enantiomer is 90% and the content of the other isomer or enantiomer is 10%, the isomer or enantiomeric excess (ee value) is 80%.
- Optically active (R)- and (S)-isomers and D and L isomers can be prepared by chiral synthesis or chiral reagents or other conventional techniques. If one enantiomer of a compound of the present disclosure is desired, it can be prepared by asymmetric synthesis or derivatization with a chiral auxiliary, wherein the resulting diastereomeric mixture is separated and the auxiliary group is cleaved to provide the pure desired enantiomer.
- a diastereomeric salt is formed with an appropriate optically active acid or base, and then the diastereoisomers are separated by conventional methods known in the art, and then the pure enantiomer is recovered.
- the separation of enantiomers and diastereomers is usually accomplished by using chromatography, which uses a chiral stationary phase and is optionally combined with a chemical derivatization method (e.g., carbamates are generated from amines).
- salt refers to salts of compounds of the present disclosure, prepared from compounds with specific substituents found in the present disclosure with relatively nontoxic acids or bases.
- base addition salts can be obtained by contacting such compounds with a sufficient amount of base in a pure solution or a suitable inert solvent.
- acid addition salts can be obtained by contacting such compounds with a sufficient amount of acid in a pure solution or a suitable inert solvent.
- Certain specific compounds of the present disclosure contain basic and acidic functional groups and can be converted into either base or acid addition salts.
- any one or more sites of the group may be connected to other groups via chemical bonds.
- the chemical bonds connecting the sites to other groups can be represented by wavy lines. express. The wavy lines in the figure indicate that the phenyl group is connected to other groups through the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 2 in the phenyl group.
- the compounds disclosed herein can be prepared by a variety of synthetic methods well known to those skilled in the art, including the specific embodiments listed below, embodiments formed by combining them with other chemical synthetic methods, and equivalent substitutions well known to those skilled in the art. Preferred embodiments include, but are not limited to, the examples disclosed herein.
- the solvents used in the present disclosure are commercially available.
- the solvent ratios used in the column chromatography and preparative thin layer silica gel chromatography disclosed in the present invention are all volume ratios.
- the reagents and raw materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
- the GalNAc conjugate of the present invention reduces the antigen activity on the surface of HBV, has no cytotoxicity, and has good safety; it has good hepatocyte targeting; it has strong binding ability with ASGPR and high delivery efficiency; the preparation method of the GalNAc conjugate of the present invention has a short synthesis route, high synthesis efficiency, and low cost.
- reaction solution was extracted with water (150 mL) and ethyl acetate (80.0 mL, 80.0 mL).
- organic phase was washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution (50.0 mL), and then anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to dry, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product.
- the crude product was purified by reverse-phase HPLC (under 0.1% ammonium bicarbonate conditions) to obtain a colorless oily compound 03-7 (6.40 g, yield 80.1%).
- reaction solution was extracted with water (150 mL) and ethyl acetate (80.0 mL, 80.0 mL).
- organic phase was washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution (50.0 mL), and then anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to dry, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product.
- the crude product was purified by reverse-phase HPLC (under 0.1% ammonium bicarbonate conditions) to obtain a colorless oily compound 03-13 (8.00 g, yield 79.6%).
- reaction solution was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (chromatographic column: Waters Xbridge Prep OBDC18 150*40mm*10um; mobile phase: [water (ammonia water)-acetonitrile]; B%: 35%-55%, 8 minutes) to obtain a white solid compound GAL-03 (1.13 g, purity 93.28%).
- the crude reaction solution was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (chromatographic column: Waters Xbridge BEHC18250*50mm*10um; mobile phase: [water (ammonium bicarbonate)-acetonitrile]; B%: 40%-60%, 10 min) to obtain white solid compound 05-17 (100 mg, yield 61.7%).
- reaction solution was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (chromatographic column: Waters Xbridge Prep OBDC18 150*40mm*10um; mobile phase: [water (ammonium bicarbonate)-acetonitrile]; B%: 30%-60%, 8 min) to obtain a white solid compound GAL-05 (1.90 mg, purity 100%).
- Examples 8-18 were synthesized.
- the starting materials and reagents used were commercially available or known in the literature.
- the structures and names of the examples are shown in Table 1.
- the binding force of the compound to the anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) was detected by flow cytometry in primary monkey hepatocytes (PCMH).
- PCMH primary monkey hepatocytes
- the representative compound and GalNAc3-Cy5 can bind to the ASGPR receptor on the surface of PCMH and be internalized into the cell.
- the competitive compound GalNAc3-Cy5 is a fluorescent labeled compound. After being internalized, the fluorescent signal in the cell can be detected by flow cytometry.
- the competition between the tested GalNAc compound and GalNAc3-Cy5 leads to a decrease in the detected fluorescent signal, and the degree of decrease in the fluorescent signal reflects the internalization efficiency of the tested compound.
- the inhibition rate and the inhibition EC 50 value of GalNAc3-Cy5 are used as indicators to evaluate the binding strength of the tested compound to ASGPR, thereby reflecting the ability of the compound to specifically target hepatocytes to deliver oligonucleic acid molecules.
- PCMH Primary monkey hepatocytes
- DMEM Gibco-11965-092
- FBS ExCell Bio-FSP500
- InvitroGRO CP Medium BioIVT-S03316
- Staining buffer Thermo Fisher-00-4222-26.
- test compounds On the first day, pre-mixed diluted test compounds and GalNac3-Cy5 (DMSO final concentration of 2%) were added, test compounds GAL-01-M, GAL-02-M, GAL-03-M, GAL-04-M, 100 ⁇ M starting, 3-fold dilution, 11 concentration points, single well.
- the final concentration of the competitive compound GalNac3-Cy5 was 0.5 ⁇ M.
- the inhibition rate of the compound at each concentration point on GalNAc3-Cy5 reflects the endocytosis efficiency of the compound at each concentration point.
- the inhibition rate of the compound at each concentration point on GalNAc3-Cy5 was analyzed by fitting the curve with the "log (agonist) vs. response–variable slope" equation to calculate the EC50 value of the endocytosis efficiency of the test compound.
- MFISample is the median fluorescence intensity of the compound in the APC channel
- MFIPos is the maximum fluorescence intensity of GalNAc3-Cy5 uptake.
- *L96-M is a test compound obtained by removing the acetyl group of the delivery group L96 developed by Alnylam according to the test method of Example 19, and its structure is as follows:
- test substance was co-incubated with the plasma of five species, including CD-1 mice, SD rats, crab-eating monkeys and humans. After the incubation, the test samples were treated with appropriate steps, and the test substance in the samples was detected by LC-MS/MS. The remaining percentage of the test substance in the plasma of different species was calculated to evaluate the metabolic stability of the test substance in the plasma of different species.
- the pooled frozen plasma was thawed in a water bath at 37° C.
- the plasma was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes and clots (if any) were removed.
- test substance solution 100 ⁇ M
- stop solution methanol containing toluene butyramide and labetalol as internal standards
- the standard number is the peak area ratio of the analyte to the internal standard (IS)
- Tn (n 0, 10, 30, 60, 120 min)
- Example 25 Gal-03 GalNAc conjugation group links HBV and complement C3 siRNA to synthesize conjugates
- Gal-03 500 mg, 167 ⁇ mol was dissolved in 10 mL of dichloromethane, triethylamine (85 mg, 834 ⁇ mol) was added, and then succinic anhydride (67 mg, 667 ⁇ mol) and DMAP (40 mg, 334 ⁇ mol) were added. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. After the reaction was complete by LCMS, 50 mL of dichloromethane was added to dilute the reaction solution.
- Step 2 General process for the synthesis of Gal-03-CPG
- the solution of Gal-03 succinate (400 mg, 128 ⁇ mol) obtained in the previous step was dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL ) , HBTU (73 mg, 193 ⁇ mol) and DIEA (50 mg, 387 ⁇ mol) were added thereto, and the reactants were mixed for 5 minutes to obtain a clear solution.
- the amino loading was 180 ⁇ mol/g, 2 g), and the reaction was carried out on a shaker at 25 ° C with a rotation speed of 150 rpm. After reacting for 24 hours, it was filtered, and the filter cake was fully washed with dichloromethane and acetonitrile and dried in vacuo.
- the dried solid phase support was capped with 25% acetic anhydride/pyridine capping reagent for 3 hours, filtered, and the filter cake was fully washed with acetonitrile and dried to obtain the desired Gal-03-CPG solid phase support (2.1 g, measured loading: 20 ⁇ mol/g)
- the solid phase phosphoramidite method was used to initiate the cycle using the Gal-03-CPG solid phase support prepared in the above step 2, and the nucleoside monomers were connected one by one from the 3'-5' direction according to the arrangement order of the positive chain nucleotides (SS: 5'-g*u*gu G c ACU ucgcuucaca—Gal-03-3', (SEQ ID NO: 1), corresponding to Gal-03-HBV; SS: 5'-g*a*gccg U u CUC uacaauuacu—Gal-03-3', (SEQ ID NO: 3), corresponding to Gal-03-C3; wherein the lowercase letters a, c, g and u represent 2'-O-methyladenosine, cytidine, guanosine or uridine, respectively; the underlined uppercase letters A , C , G and U represent 2'-fluoroadenosine, cytidine, guanosine
- Each linking of a nucleoside monomer includes four steps of reaction: deprotection, coupling, oxidation or sulfurization, and capping.
- the 2'-modified RNA phosphoramidite monomer and auxiliary reagents required for the synthesis are commercially available.
- the cleavage and deprotection conditions of the oligomer bound to CPG are as follows: the synthesized nucleotide sequence connected to the carrier is added to 25wt% ammonia water, the amount of ammonia water is 0.5mL/ ⁇ mol, the reaction is carried out at 55°C for 6 hours, the liquid is removed, and the residue is concentrated to dryness in vacuo.
- Detection Purity was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); molecular weight was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The measured value was consistent with the theoretical value, indicating that the synthesized product was a positive chain S with a Gal-03 conjugated molecule conjugated to the 3' end.
- Step 4 Synthesis of the conjugate antisense strand
- the conjugated antisense strand (AS:u * G * ugaAgCGaaguGcAcac * u * u, (SEQ ID NO:2), corresponding to Gal-03-HBV; AS: a* G *uaa U u GU agag A a C ggcuc*g*g, (SEQ ID NO: 4), corresponding to Gal-03-C3).
- the deprotection, coupling, capping, oxidation or sulfurization reaction conditions, cleavage and deprotection, purification and desalting conditions in the solid phase synthesis method are the same as those for synthesizing the positive chain.
- Detection Purity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); molecular weight of the obtained product was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
- the S chain and the AS chain were dissolved in water for injection to obtain a 40 mg/mL solution, mixed in an equimolar ratio, heated at 95°C for 10 min, slowly cooled, and annealed products were obtained, which were freeze-dried to obtain freeze-dried powder.
- Molecular weight was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). UV spectrophotometry was used for quantification.
- HBV antigen (HBsAg and HBeAg) content in the culture supernatant of HepG2-NTCP cells was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the EC50 value of the compound was used as an indicator to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the compound against HBV; at the same time, cell viability was detected by Cell-titer Glo to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the compound.
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HepG2-NTCP cells HepG2-NTCP cell culture medium (DMEM, Invitrogen-11330032; 10% serum, Invitrogen-10099141; 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin, Hyclone-SV30010; 1% non-essential amino acids, Invitrogen-11140050; 2 mM L-glutamine, Invitrogen-25030081; 1 mM sodium pyruvate, Gibco-11360-070; 500 ⁇ g/ml Geneticin, Invitrogen-10131027)
- DMEM Invitrogen-11330032
- 10% serum Invitrogen-10099141
- 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin Hyclone-SV30010
- 1% non-essential amino acids Invitrogen-11140050
- 2 mM L-glutamine Invitrogen-25030081
- 1 mM sodium pyruvate Gibco-11360-070
- Reagents Trypsin (Invitrogen-25300062); DPBS (Corning-21031CVR); DMSO (Sigma-D2650-100ML); Cell-titer Glo (Promega-G7573); Hepatitis B surface antigen quantitative detection kit (Antu Biological-CL 0310); Hepatitis B e antigen quantitative detection kit (Antu Biological-CL 0312).
- HepG2-NTCP 7.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells/well cells were seeded into 48-well plates and cultured overnight at 37°C, 5% CO 2 .
- HepG2-NTCP 2000 GE/cell
- type D HBV concentrated from the culture supernatant of HepG2.2.15 cells
- siRNA conjugates were transfected according to the instructions of RNAiMax (Invitrogen). The conjugates were diluted 5-fold to 7 concentrations in triplicate, with a final concentration of 0.16 pM. The compound was a combination of the sense strand and the antisense strand, a single chemical entity, and a maximum concentration of 2.5 nM.
- ELISA was used to determine the HBV surface antigen and e antigen.
- Cell-titer Glo was added to determine the cell viability.
- ELISA was used to determine the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg). The specific steps refer to the product manual.
- viability% (luminescence value of the sample - luminescence value of the culture medium control) / (luminescence value of the DMSO control - luminescence value of the culture medium control) ⁇ 100.
- Inh.% (1-antigen value in sample/antigen value in DMSO control) ⁇ 100.
- CC 50 and EC 50 The CC 50 and 50% inhibitory concentration (EC 50 ) values of the compounds against HBV were calculated using GraphPad Prism software.
- Gal-03 conjugate group linked to HBV siRNA synthetic conjugate (Gal-03-HBV) has excellent activity in reducing HBV surface antigen HBsAg EC 50 ⁇ 1nM, and no cytotoxicity: CC 50 >1000nM.
- the GalNAc-siRNA linked to the tetravalent N-acetylgalactosamine-substituted aromatic amide GalNAc conjugate group of the present invention has strong hepatocyte targeting and safety.
- Example 27 Activity test of the compound in inhibiting C3 protein expression in cynomolgus monkey primary hepatocytes (PMH)
- This study used adherent cynomolgus monkey primary hepatocytes to evaluate the in vitro persistent (7 days) interference effect of compounds on inhibiting C3 protein expression.
- *AD-570714 is the preferred sequence reported in alnylam's patent WO2021/081026, which has the same siRNA sequence as Example 25, and the delivery group uses L96.
- the present invention presents a novel and efficient tetravalent N-acetylgalactosamine-substituted aromatic amide GalNAc conjugated group, which efficiently binds to the hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein receptor antibody (ASGPR), and its corresponding siRNA conjugate has liver targeting, so it is a novel oligonucleic acid molecule delivery platform; its GalNAc-siRNA and other conjugates can bind to the ASGPR protein that is specifically highly expressed on the surface of hepatocytes, and enter the endosomes in the cells through cellular endocytosis, thereby bringing a sufficient number of oligonucleic acid molecules into the cells, inducing a selective mRNA silencing reaction.
- This delivery platform has the advantage of easy industrial amplification, and its binding force with ASGPR is better than the existing technology, so more efficient liver-targeted molecule delivery can be achieved in vivo.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种缀合物及其应用和制备。本发明提供了一种如式I所示的GalNAc缀合物。本发明中的GalNAc缀合物具有如下的一个或多个优点:本发明的缀合物降低了HBV表面的抗原活性,无细胞毒性,安全性好;肝细胞靶向性好;与ASGPR结合力强,药物递送效率高;本发明的缀合物的合成路线短,合成效率高,成本低。
Description
本申请要求申请日为2023/4/18的中国专利申请2023104121540的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
本公开涉及一种缀合物及其应用和制备,具体涉及一种新型的四价N-乙酰半乳糖胺取代的芳香酰胺类缀合物及其应用和制备,更具体地涉及可以与化合物(如寡聚核苷酸等治疗剂)链接,将化合物导向体内的靶标的缀合物。
基于RNA的疗法不但能够调节基因表达,而且可生产治疗性蛋白或激发免疫反应的抗原,从而治疗包括传染病、癌症、免疫疾病和遗传疾病在内的多种疾病类型,是继小分子药物和抗体药物之后的新一代疗法。
目前对于核酸药物的研究大致可分为两类:寡核苷酸和mRNA。寡核苷酸基本上都是由100个以内的核糖核苷酸或脱氧核糖核苷酸单链或双链组成,也被称为小核酸,包括反义寡核苷酸(ASO)、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、核酸适配体(Aptamer)和微小RNA(miRNA)等。寡核苷酸药物主要是经碱基互补配对原则和与DNA、mRNA或者pre-mRNA配对,通过基因沉默、非编码RNA抑制、基因激活等一系列机制来调节基因表达。
对核苷酸间链和核糖进行修饰以改善药物性质,包括血清稳定性、蛋白结合、效力和低免疫原性。但寡核苷酸是带负电荷的大分子,容易被RNases降解,稳定性差,更无法像亲脂性小分子药物那样在组织中自由扩散,而其治疗靶点又在细胞内,因此将其精准递送至靶细胞内是限制寡核苷酸治疗性开发的主要挑战。
作为半乳糖氨基糖衍生物的GalNAc(N-乙酰半乳糖胺)偶联递送系统的实现是寡核苷酸药物发展历程中的重大突破。GalNAc是去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)的高亲和力靶向配体。ASGPR在肝细胞表面特异性高表达,在其它细胞类型中低表达,同时也是一种非常高效的肝细胞内摄取循环受体,其循环速率远高于其他细胞表面可循环受体的循环时间。鉴于ASGPR的数量多和循环时间短这两个特点,使GalNAc-siRNA偶联物等能实现高效的细胞内在化(内吞),达到递送寡核苷酸药物到肝细胞的作用(靶向性)。GalNAc与ASGPR的结合发生在肝细胞的窦道表面,ASGPR和网格蛋白介导的内吞作
用可以有效地将GalNAc-siRNA缀合物(共轭物)从细胞表面转运至细胞质。由于pH值下降,GalNAc-siRNA缀合物(共轭物)从ASGPR释放到内体的腔隙中,ASGPR回收到肝细胞表面。GalNAc和链接从siRNA缀合物(共轭物)上降解,通过某种机制,siRNA被释放出来进入肝细胞的细胞质。一旦进入细胞质,siRNA就会被转导反应性RNA结合蛋白迅速装入Ago蛋白,诱发强大和持续的mRNA干扰反应。这一受体和优化配体的结合,在ASO药物和siRNA药物中均有应用,显著减少了siRNA和ASO的毒性。与LNPs相比,GalNAc-siRNA缀合物(共轭物)的合成和精制要简单得多。此外,GalNAc共轭物在临床上使用便利,可皮下注射,具有快速吸收、高吸收率和长半衰期等优点。与LNPs不同,GalNAc共轭物安全性较高,不需要进行输液前的抗炎治疗。基于众多优点,临床试验中的siRNA药物大部分是GalNAc共轭物,包括givosiran,vutrisiran,nedosiran,inclisiran,和fitusiran等。GalNAc偶联技术,是目前最高效的寡核苷酸药物递送系统。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是现有技术中GalNAc缀合物合成路线较长,且种类缺乏,从而提供了一种新的GalNAc缀合物及其应用和制备。本发明中的缀合物具有如下的一个或多个优点:降低了HBV表面的抗原活性,无细胞毒性,安全性好;肝细胞靶向性好;合成路线短,合成效率高,成本低;与ASGPR结合力强,药物递送效率高。
本发明提供了一种如式I所示的GalNAc缀合物;
其中,
X-为O-或S-;
Mz+为药学上可接受的正离子;
所述的负离子中的总价数与正离子的总价数相等;
RNA为寡聚核苷酸,所述的寡聚核苷酸由15-35个修饰的或者未修饰的核酸单体组成的单链或者双链;
为
为(左侧与苯环连接),为或者,为为
为
A为(右侧与苯环连接)或连接键;
为
k为2;
当A为连接键时,A位于L2间位;
当A为时,A位于L2对位或间位(优选对位);
n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6和n7独立地为1、2、3、4、5或6;
m1和m2独立地为0、1、2、3、4或5;
q1和q2独立地为1、2、3、4或5。
本发明中,所述如式I所示的GalNAc缀合物;
其中,
X-为O-或S-;
Mz+为药学上可接受的正离子;
所述的负离子中的总价数与正离子的总价数相等;
RNA为寡聚核苷酸,所述的寡聚核苷酸由15-35个修饰的或者未修饰的核酸单体组成的单链或者双链;
为
为(左侧与苯环连接),为或者,为为
为
A为(右侧与苯环连接)或连接键;
为
k为2;
当A为连接键时,A位于L2间位;
当A为时,A位于L2对位或间位(优选对位);
n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6和n7独立地为1、2、3、4、5或6;
m1和m2独立地为0、1、2、3、4或5;
q1和q2独立地为1、2、3、4或5。
本发明中,RNA为反义寡核苷酸(ASO)、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、核酸适配体(Aptamer)和微小RNA(miRNA),优选地,RNA为小干扰RNA,较佳地,所述的小干扰RNA为HBV siRNA或补体C3 siRNA;更佳地,所述RNA的序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示或如SEQ ID NO:4所示。
本发明中,RNA为反义寡核苷酸(ASO)、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、核酸适配体(Aptamer)和微小RNA(miRNA),优选地,RNA为小干扰RNA,较佳地,所述的小干扰RNA为HBV siRNA。
本发明中,所述的n1为1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的n1为1、2或3。
本发明中,所述的n2为1、2、3或4;较佳地,所述的n2为1或2。
本发明中,所述的n3为1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的n3为3。
本发明中,所述的n4为1、2、3或4;较佳地,所述的n4为2。
本发明中,所述的n5为1、2、3、4、5或6;较佳地,所述的n5为4。
本发明中,所述的n6为1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的n6为3。
本发明中,所述的n7为1、2或3;较佳地,所述的n7为1。
本发明中,所述的m1为1或2;较佳地,所述的m1为1。
本发明中,所述的m2为0、1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的m2为0、1、2或3。
本发明中,所述的q1为1、2、3或4;较佳地,所述的q1为2。
本发明中,所述的q2为1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的q2为3。
本发明中,所述的X-为O-或S-。
本发明中,所述的X-为O-。
本发明中,所述的Mz+为金属正离子或有机碱正离子;较佳地,所述的金属正离子为碱金属或碱土金属正离子,例如Na+、K+或Ca2+,所述的有机碱正离子可为铵根正离子,例如为
本发明中,所述的Mz+优选为金属正离子;例如Na+。
本发明中,所述的n1为1、2或3时,所述的n2为2。
本发明中,所述的n3为3时,所述的n4为2,所述的n7为1。
本发明中,所述的n5为4时,所述的n6为3。
本发明中,所述的为
较佳地,所述的为
本发明中,所述的为
较佳地,所述的为
本发明中,为优选为
本发明中,所述的为
本发明中,所述的为
较佳地,所述的为
本发明中,所述的为
较佳地,所述的为
本发明中,所述的为
本发明中,所述的为
本发明中,所述的GalNAc缀合物为如下任一结构:
本发明中,所述的GalNAc缀合物为:
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的式I缀合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:式I-A化合物通过固相亚磷酰胺法制备得到式I缀合物;
其中,
L1、L2、L3、L4、A、X-、Mz+、k和RNA的定义均如上所述;
为固相支撑物;
为连接基团;
R1为二甲氧基三苯甲基(DMTr)、对甲氧基苄基(PMB)、三苯甲基(Tr)、对甲氧基三苯甲基(MMTr)、烯丙基(All)或叔丁基;
R2为羟基保护基。
本发明中,所述的固相亚磷酰胺法为本领域常规方法;例如包括(自3'-5'方向)逐一连接核苷单体;每连接一个核苷单体都包括脱保护、偶联、氧化或硫化、盖帽四步反应。
本发明中,所述的固相亚磷酰胺法为本领域常规方法;例如包括脱保护、偶联、氧化或硫化、盖帽、纯化与脱盐步骤。
本发明中,在中,所述的固相支撑物为氨基可控微孔玻璃球、固相合成树脂,较佳地,所述的氨基可控微孔玻璃球的孔径为或所述的氨基可控微孔玻璃球的氨基载量为160-200μmol/g,优选180μmol/g。
本发明中,所述的为
本发明中,所述的R1为4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基甲基(DMTr)。
本发明中,在R2中,所述的羟基保护基为乙酰基。
所述的式I缀合物的制备方法还可以进一步包括式I-A化合物的制备方法,其可以包括如下步骤:在溶剂、缩合剂和碱的存在下,将式I-B化合物与固相支撑物进行反应,得到所述的式I-A化合物;
其中,
L1、L2、L3、L4、L6、A、R1、R2、k和的定义均如上所述;
R3为羟基保护基或用于结合至固体支撑物的基团。
本发明中,在R3中,所述的羟基保护基为二甲氧基三苯甲基(DMTr)、对甲氧基苄基(PMB)、三苯甲基(Tr)、对甲氧基三苯甲基(MMTr)、烯丙基(All)或叔丁基。
本发明中,在R3中,所述的用于结合至固体支撑物的基团为
本发明中,式I-A的制备方法中,所述的溶剂为本领域常规,例如乙腈。
本发明中,式I-A的制备方法中,所述的碱为本领域常规,例如二异丙基乙胺(DIEA)。
本发明中,式I-A的制备方法中,所述的缩合剂为本领域常规,例如N,N'-羰基二咪唑(CDI)、N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)、N-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三氮唑(HOAT)、1-羟
基苯并三唑(HOBT)、1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羧酸乙酯(HOCT)、O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(HATU)、O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HBTU)、6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HCTU)、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐(BOP)、六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷(PyBOP)、二苯基磷酰氯(DPP-Cl)、叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)、双(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)次磷酰氯(BOP-Cl)和三正丙基环磷酸酐(T3P)中的一种或多种,较佳地,所述的缩合剂为O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HBTU)。
所述的式I缀合物的制备方法还可以进一步包括式I-B化合物的制备方法,其可以包括如下步骤:在溶剂、催化剂和碱的存在下,将式II化合物进行如下反应,得到式I-B化合物;
其中,
L1、L2、L3、L4、A、R1、R2、R3和k的定义均如上所述。
本发明中,式I-B的制备方法中,所述的碱为有机碱,优选胺类有机碱,例如三乙胺。
本发明中,式I-B的制备方法中,所述的溶剂为本领域常规,例如二氯甲烷。
本发明中,式I-B的制备方法中,所述的催化剂为本领域常规,例如4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)。
所述的式I缀合物的制备方法还可以进一步包括式II化合物的制备方法,其可以包括如下步骤:在溶剂中,在缩合剂和碱的存在下,式III化合物和式IV化合物进行如下所示的酰胺缩合反应,得到所述的式II化合物即可;
其中,
为E为氢;或者为E为羟基;
为G为羟基;或者,为G为氢;
L1、L2、L3、L4、R1、R2、m1、m2、A和k的定义均如上所述。
所述的如式II所示的化合物的制备方法中,所述的酰胺缩合反应的条件和操作可为本领域该类反应中常规的条件和操作;本发明中优选如下:
所述的溶剂可以选自二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃中的一种或多种。
所述的碱可以为本领域常规选择,例如有机碱和/或无机碱均可用于此类反应,所述的有机碱选自吡啶、N,N-二异丙基乙胺和三乙胺中的一种或多种,所述的无机碱为碳酸钠。
所述的缩合剂可以为本领域常规选择,例如N,N'-羰基二咪唑(CDI)、N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)、N-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三氮唑(HOAT)、1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)、1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羧酸乙酯(HOCT)、O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(HATU)、O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HBTU)、6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HCTU)、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐(BOP)、六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷(PyBOP)、二苯基磷酰氯(DPP-Cl)、叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)、双(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)次磷酰氯(BOP-Cl)和三正丙
基环磷酸酐(T3P)中的一种或多种,优选O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐和/或三正丙基环磷酸酐。
所述的酰胺缩合反应的温度可以为20-30℃,例如25℃。
所示的酰胺缩合反应的进程可采用本领域中的常规监测方法(例如TLC、HPLC或NMR)进行检测,一般以底物消失或不再反应时作为反应终点。
本发明还提供了一种式I-A所示的化合物或其盐;
其中,
L1、L2、L3、L4、L6、R1、R2、A、k和的定义均如上所述。
本发明中,所述的如式I-A所示的化合物的结构如下所示:
本发明还提供了一种式I-B所示的化合物或其盐;
其中,
L1、L2、L3、L4、R1、R2、R3、A和k的定义均如上所述。
本发明中,所述的如式I-B所示的化合物的结构如下任一所示:
本发明中,所述的式I-B所示的化合物的盐优选为三乙胺盐。
本发明中,所述的式I-B所示的化合物的盐的结构如下所示:
本发明还提供了一种如式II所示的化合物;
其中,
L1、L2、L3、L4、R1、R2、A和k的定义均如上所述。
本发明中,所述的如式II所示的化合物的结构如下任一所示:
本发明还提供了一种式II-A所示的化合物;
其中,
L1、L2、L3、L4、R1、A和k的定义均如上所述。
本发明中,所述的如式II-A所述的化合物的结构如下任一所示:
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的式II化合物在制备如上所述的式I缀合物中的应用。
较佳地,所述的式II化合物的应用包括如下步骤:
步骤1.在溶剂、催化剂和碱的存在下,将式II化合物进行如下反应,得到式I-B化合物;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、A、R1、R2、R3和k的定义如上所述;
步骤2.在溶剂、缩合剂和碱的存在下,将式I-B化合物与固相支撑物进行反应,得到所述的式I-A化合物;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、L6、A、R1、R2、k和的定义如上所述;
R3为羟基保护基或用于结合至固体支撑物的基团;
步骤3.式I-A化合物通过固相亚磷酰胺法制备得到式I缀合物;
其中,
L1、L2、L3、L4、A、X-、Mz+、k和RNA的定义如上所述;
为固相支撑物;
为连接基团;
R1为二甲氧基三苯甲基、对甲氧基苄基、三苯甲基、对甲氧基三苯甲基、烯丙基或叔丁基;
R2为羟基保护基;
所述步骤1、步骤2和步骤3的操作和反应条件如上所述。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的式I-B化合物在制备如上所述的式I缀合物中的应用。
较佳地,所述的式I-B化合物的应用包括如下步骤:
步骤A.在溶剂、缩合剂和碱的存在下,将式I-B化合物与固相支撑物进行反应,得到所述的式I-A化合物;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、L6、A、R1、R2、k和的定义如上所述;
R3为羟基保护基或用于结合至固体支撑物的基团;
步骤B.式I-A化合物通过固相亚磷酰胺法制备得到式I缀合物;
其中,
L1、L2、L3、L4、A、X-、Mz+、k和RNA的定义如上所述;
为固相支撑物;
为连接基团;
R1为二甲氧基三苯甲基、对甲氧基苄基、三苯甲基、对甲氧基三苯甲基、烯丙基或叔丁基;
R2为羟基保护基;
所述步骤2和步骤3的操作和反应条件如上所述。本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,其包括其包括至少一种活性物质和一种或多种药学上可接受的药用辅料;
其中,所述的活性物质为如上所述的缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的式II所示的化合物在制备药物递送系统中的应用;所述的药物可为RNA,所述的RNA的定义如上所述。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的缀合物或如上所述的药物组合物在制备治疗肝相关疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明中,所述的肝相关的疾病为病毒性肝炎、肝硬变、药物性肝炎、中毒性肝炎、肝感染性疾病或肝脏代谢性疾病。
本发明中,所述的病毒性肝炎为甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎或丁型肝炎,优选乙型肝炎。
本发明中,所述的肝感染性疾病为肝脓肿,肝结核或肝包虫病。
本发明中,所述的肝脏代谢性疾病为肝脏代谢异常引起的疾病、脂肪肝、肝淀粉样病变或肝豆状核病变。
本发明中,所述的肝脏代谢异常引起的疾病为高血脂。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的缀合物或如上所述的药物组合物在制备治疗用于抑制补体C3蛋白表达的药物中的用途。
本发明中,所述治疗用于抑制补体C3蛋白表达的药物可为治疗免疫诱发的慢性肾病、全身重症肌无力或难治性高血压的药物。
本发明中,所述免疫诱发的慢性肾病可为C3肾小球病(C3G)、IgA肾病(IgAN)或膜增生性肾病(MPGN)。
定义和说明
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普通技术人员所理解的含义去理解。当本文中出现商品名时,意在指代其对应的商品或其活性成分。
本公开所述的四价(四齿)N-乙酰半乳糖胺取代的芳香酰胺类GalNAc缀合基团可以增强治疗剂向诸如人或动物的对象内特定靶位置(例如,特定器官或组织)的递送。在本公开的一些实施方式中,所述缀合基团可以增强表达抑制性寡聚核苷酸的靶向递送。在本公开的一些实施方式中,四价(四齿)N-乙酰半乳糖胺取代的芳香酰胺类GalNAc缀合基团可以增强表达抑制性寡聚核苷酸向肝细胞的递送。
本公开所述的四价(四齿)N-乙酰半乳糖胺取代的芳香酰胺类GalNAc缀合基团可以直接或间接地链接至化合物,诸如治疗剂,例如,表达抑制性寡聚核苷酸ASO或者siRNA,链接在表达抑制性寡聚核苷酸的3′或5′末端。在本公开的一些实施方式中,表达抑制性寡聚核苷酸包括一个或多个修饰的核苷酸。在本公开的一些实施方式中,表达抑制性寡聚核苷酸是siRNA试剂,诸如包含正义链和反义链的双链siRNA试剂。在本公开的一些实施方式中,本文所公开的四价(四齿)N-乙酰半乳糖胺取代的芳香酰胺类GalNAc缀合基团链接至双链siRNA试剂的正义链的5′末端。在一些实施方式中,本文所公开的缀合基团经由磷酸酯、硫代磷酸酯或膦酸酯基团在双链siRNA试剂正义链5′末端与表达抑制性寡聚核苷酸试剂链接。本公开所述术语“链接”,当表示两个分子之间的联系时,指两个分子片段通过共价键链接或者两个分子经由非共价键(例如,氢键或离子键)关联。本发明的化合物和缀合基团可以包括一个或多个链接基团。每个链接基团的结构可以有变化,前提条件是,缀合基团发挥如本文所描述的功能。举例来说,每个链接基团的结构在长度和原子组成上有变化,并且每个链接基团可以是有支链的、无支链的、环状的或它们的组合。链接基团还可以调节缀合物的溶解度、稳定性或聚集特性。
术语“核酸”包括任何寡核苷酸或多核苷酸或聚核苷酸,其中含有至多60个核苷酸的片段一般称为寡核苷酸,且更长的片段称为多核苷酸。脱氧核糖寡核苷酸由称为脱氧核糖的5-碳糖组成,所述5-碳糖在这种糖的5'和3'碳上与磷酸共价链接,以形成交替的无支链聚合物。DNA可以是例如反义分子、质粒DNA、预缩合DNA、PCR产物、载体、表达盒、嵌合序列、染色体DNA或这些基团的衍生物和组合的形式。核糖寡核苷酸由类似的重复结构组成,其中5-碳糖是核糖。RNA可以是例如小干扰RNA(siRNA)、Dicer-底物dsRNA、小发夹RNA(shRNA)、不对称干扰RNA(aiRNA)、微小RNA(miRNA)、mRNA、tRNA、rRNA、病毒RNA(vRNA)、自扩增RNA(saRNA)和它们的组合的形式。因此,在本发明的上下文中,术语“多核苷酸”和“寡核苷酸”是指由天然存在的碱基、糖和糖间(骨架)链接组成的核苷酸或核苷单体的聚合物或寡聚物。术语“多核苷酸”和“寡核苷酸”还包括
包含具有类似功能的非天然存在的单体或其部分的聚合物或寡聚物。此类修饰或取代的寡核苷酸通常优于天然形式,这是由于其特性,例如增强的细胞摄取、降低的免疫原性和在核酸酶存在下增加的稳定性。本公开所述术语“单链寡核苷酸”指具有与靶mRNA至少部分互补的序列的单链寡聚核苷酸,其能够通过氢键在哺乳动物生理条件(或相当的体外环境)下与靶mRNA杂交。在本公开的一些实施方式中,单链寡核苷酸是单链反义寡核苷酸。
除非另外指示,否则特定核酸序列还隐含地涵盖其保守修饰的变体(例如,简并密码子取代)、等位基因、直系同源物、SNP和互补序列以及明确指示的序列。具体来说,简并密码子取代可以通过产生其中一个或多个所选(或全部)密码子的第三位置被混合碱基和/或脱氧肌苷残基取代的序列来达成在某些实施方案中,本文所描述的四齿靶向配体可以与核酸缀合。在某些实施方案中,核酸是本文所描述的核酸。举例来说,本文所用的核酸可以是单链DNA或RNA,或双链DNA或RNA,或DNA-RNA杂交体。双链RNA的实例在本文中描述,并且包括例如siRNA和其它siRNA剂,例如aiRNA和前体miRNA。单链核酸包括例如反义寡核苷酸、核酶、成熟miRNA和形成三链体的寡核苷酸。
在某些实施方案中,核酸是寡聚核苷酸。在特定实施方案中,寡聚核苷酸的长度在约10至约100个核苷酸的范围内。在各种相关的实施方案中,单链、双链和三链寡核苷酸的长度可以在约10至约60个核苷酸、约15至约60个核苷酸、约20至约50个核苷酸、约15至约30个核苷酸、或约20至约30个核苷酸的范围内。在某些实施方案中。
在某些实施方案中,核酸是反义分子。在某些实施方案中,核酸是miRNA分子。在某些实施方案中,核酸是siRNA。
本公开所述短干扰RNA(siRNA)是一类RNA分子,长度为20~25个碱基对,类似于miRNA,并且在RNA干扰(siRNA)途径内操作,它干扰了与核苷酸序列互补的特定基因的mRNA的翻译,导致mRNA降解。本公开所述短干扰RNA(siRNA)包括双链siRNA(包括正义链和反义链)和单链siRNA(仅反义链)。
通常,siRNA是化学合成的。包含本发明的siRNA分子的寡核苷酸可以使用本领域中已知的多种技术中的任一者来合成寡核苷酸的合成利用了常见的核酸保护和偶联基团,例如在5′末端的二甲氧基三苯甲基和在3′末端的亚磷酰胺。用于寡核苷酸合成的适合试剂、用于RNA脱保护的方法以及用于RNA纯化的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
siRNA分子可以由两个不同的寡核苷酸组装,其中一个寡核苷酸包含siRNA的正义链并且另一个包含siRNA的反义链。举例来说,每股可以单独地合成并且在合成和/或脱保护之后通过杂交或接合而链接在一起。
本公开所述“序列”或“核苷酸序列”表示使用标准核苷酸命名的一序列字母描述的核碱基或核苷酸的次序或顺序物。
本公开中所述核苷酸的“修饰”包括但不限于甲氧基修饰、氟代修饰、硫代磷酸酯基链接等。
在本公开中,如无特别说明,大写字母C、G、U、A表示核苷酸的碱基组成。小写字母c、g、u、a分别表示其相应大写字母所代表的核苷酸2’位甲氧基修饰;下划线表示大写字母代表的核苷酸2’位氟代修饰;间隔号“*”表示与间隔号“*”左右相邻的两个核苷酸残基之间为硫代磷酸酯基链接。例如,“a*g”表示a和g残基之间通过硫代磷酸酯基链接。
本公开所述氟代修饰的核苷酸指核苷酸的核糖基2’-羟基被氟取代形成的核苷酸,所述甲氧基修饰的核苷酸指核糖基的2’羟基被甲氧基取代而形成的核苷酸。
在本公开中,“互补”具有本领域技术人员周知的含义,即,在双链核酸分子中,一条链的碱基与另一条链上的碱基以互补的方式相配对。嘌呤碱基腺嘌呤(A)始终与嘧啶碱基尿嘧啶(U)相配对;嘌呤碱基鸟嘌呤(C)始终与嘧啶碱基胞嘧啶(G)相配对。每个碱基对都包括一个嘌呤和一个嘧啶。当一条链上的腺嘌呤始终与另一条链上的尿嘧啶配对,以及鸟嘌呤始终与胞嘧啶配对时,两条链被认为是彼此相互补的,以及从其互补链的序列中可以推断出该链的序列。
本公开的化合物可以存在特定的几何或立体异构体形式。本公开设想所有的这类化合物,包括(R)-和(S)-对映体、非对映异构体,及其外消旋混合物和其他混合物,例如对映异构体或非对映体富集的混合物,所有这些混合物都属于本公开的范围之内。烷基等取代基中可存在另外的不对称碳原子。所有这些异构体以及它们的混合物,均包括在本公开的范围之内。
除非另有说明,术语“对映异构体”或者“旋光异构体”是指互为镜像关系的立体异构体。
除非另有说明,术语“非对映异构体”是指分子具有两个或多个手性中心,并且分子间为非镜像的关系的立体异构体。
除非另有说明,术语“富含一种异构体”、“异构体富集”、“富含一种对映体”或者“对映体富集”指其中一种异构体或对映体的含量小于100%,并且,该异构体或对映体的含量大于等于60%,或者大于等于70%,或者大于等于80%,或者大于等于90%,或者大于等于95%,或者大于等于96%,或者大于等于97%,或者大于等于98%,或者大于等于99%,或者大于等于99.5%,或者大于等于99.6%,或者大于等于99.7%,或者大于等于99.8%,或者大于等于99.9%。
除非另有说明,术语“异构体过量”或“对映体过量”指两种异构体或两种对映体相对百分数之间的差值。例如,其中一种异构体或对映体的含量为90%,另一种异构体或对映体的含量为10%,则异构体或对映体过量(ee值)为80%。
可以通过的手性合成或手性试剂或者其他常规技术制备光学活性的(R)-和(S)-异构体以及D和L异构体。如果想得到本公开某化合物的一种对映体,可以通过不对称合成或者具有手性助剂的衍生作用来制备,其中将所得非对映体混合物分离,并且辅助基团裂开以提供纯的所需对映异构体。或者,当分子中含有碱性官能团(如氨基)或酸性官能团(如羧基)时,与适当的光学活性的酸或碱形成非对映异构体的盐,然后通过本领域所公知的常规方法进行非对映异构体拆分,然后回收得到纯的对映体。此外,对映异构体和非对映异构体的分离通常是通过使用色谱法完成的,所述色谱法采用手性固定相,并任选地与化学衍生法相结合(例如由胺生成氨基甲酸盐)。
术语“盐”是指本公开化合物的盐,由本公开发现的具有特定取代基的化合物与相对无毒的酸或碱制备。当本公开的化合物中含有相对酸性的功能团时,可以通过在纯的溶液或合适的惰性溶剂中用足够量的碱与这类化合物接触的方式获得碱加成盐。当本公开的化合物中含有相对碱性的官能团时,可以通过在纯的溶液或合适的惰性溶剂中用足够量的酸与这类化合物接触的方式获得酸加成盐。本公开的某些特定的化合物含有碱性和酸性的官能团,从而可以被转换成任一碱或酸加成盐。
术语“药用辅料”是指生产药品和调配处方时使用的赋形剂和附加剂,是除活性成分以外,包含在药物制剂中的所有物质。
除非另有规定,当某一基团具有一个或多个可连接位点时,该基团的任意一个或多个位点可以通过化学键与其他基团相连。所述位点与其他基团连接的化学键可以用波浪线表示。中的波浪线表示通过该苯基集团中的1和2位的碳原子与其他基团相连。
本公开的盐可由含有酸根或碱基的母体化合物通过常规化学方法合成。一般情况下,这样的盐的制备方法是:在水或有机溶剂或两者的混合物中,经由游离酸或碱形式的这些化合物与化学计量的适当的碱或酸反应来制备。
本公开的化合物可以通过本领域技术人员所熟知的多种合成方法来制备,包括下面列举的具体实施方式、其与其他化学合成方法的结合所形成的实施方式以及本领域技术上人员所熟知的等同替换方式,优选的实施方式包括但不限于本公开的实施例。
本公开所使用的溶剂可经市售获得。
如无特殊说明,本公开柱层析、制备薄层硅胶色谱所用溶剂配比均为体积比。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:本发明的GalNAc缀合物降低了HBV表面的抗原活性,无细胞毒性,安全性好;肝细胞靶向性好;与ASGPR结合力强,递送效率高;本发明的GalNAc缀合物制备方法合成路线短,合成效率高,成本低。
实施例1:化合物GAL-01的合成
步骤一
将化合物01-1(500mg)溶解在吡啶(5.00mL)中,0℃加入和4,4-二甲氧基三苯甲基氯(741mg),加毕,反应液在25℃搅拌12小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1,产品:Rf=0.43,原料:Rf=0.24)显示原料消耗完全。反应液缓慢加入水(10.0mL)和乙酸乙酯(8.00mL,6.00mL)进行萃取。有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(6.00mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到黄色固体化合物01-2(300mg,收率27.2%)。
步骤二
将化合物01-2(300mg)溶解在甲醇(3.00mL)中,加入钯碳(100mg,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力30Psi,30℃搅拌12小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=2/1,产品:Rf=0.15,原料:Rf=0.54)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到无色油状化合物01-3(200mg,收率88.0%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:420.5[M+H]+;
步骤三
将化合物01-4(700mg)溶解在四氢呋喃(14.0mL)和水(7.00mL)的混合溶液中,加入碳酸氢钠(769mg),0℃下加入氯甲酸苄酯(780mg),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌2小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1,产品:Rf=0.72,原料:Rf=0.24)显示原料消耗完全。反应液缓慢加入水(10.0mL)和乙酸乙酯(8.00mL,6.00mL)进行萃取。有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(6.00mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到无色油状化合物01-5(500mg,收率45.1%)。
步骤四
将化合物01-5(500mg)溶解在二氯甲烷(7.00mL)中,加入三氟乙酸(2.68g),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌5小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1,产品:Rf=0.2原料:Rf=0.72)显示原料消耗完全。反应液加入水(5.00mL)和二氯甲烷(5.00mL,3.00mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(5.00mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到无色油状化合物01-6(400mg,收率94.6%)。
步骤五
将化合物01-6(200mg)和01-3(400mg)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(6.00mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(219mg,295uL)和O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(322mg),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌2小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=2/1,产品:Rf=0.43,原料:Rf=0.1)显示原料消耗完全。反应液加入水(5.00mL)和加入乙酸乙酯(4.00mL,3.00mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(5.00mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物01-7(130mg,收率43.4%)。
步骤六
将化合物01-7(110mg)溶解在甲醇(2.00mL)中,加入钯碳(200mg,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力15Psi,20℃搅拌12小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=2/1,产品:Rf=0.1,原料:Rf=0.43)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物01-8(90.5mg,收率82.2%)。
步骤七
将化合物01-9(30.0g)溶解在甲醇(210mL)中,加入氢氧化钠水溶液(107mL,1M),加毕反应液在70℃搅拌3小时。LCMS(RT=0.542min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后加入稀盐酸,将pH值调至4后减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物01-10(28.0g,粗品)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:225.1[M+H]+;
步骤八
将化合物01-10(200mg)溶解在二氯甲烷(2.00mL)中,加入氯化亚砜(510mg),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌1.5个小时。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1,产品(加甲醇):Rf=0.6,原
料:Rf=0.24)显示原料消耗完全。将反应液减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物01-11(150mg,粗品)。
步骤九
将化合物01-11(150mg)溶解在二氯甲烷(2.00mL)中0℃下滴入1,9-双-叔丁氧羰基-1,5,9-三氮杂壬烷的二氯甲烷(2.00mL)溶液中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(371mg),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(RT=0.857min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液减压浓缩。粗品用柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=50/1-1/1)纯化得到黄色固体化合物01-12(480mg,收率98.2%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:851.4[M+H]+;
步骤十
将化合物01-12(480mg)溶解在四氢呋喃(2.00mL)和水(600uL)中,加入氢氧化锂(11.3mg),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌2小时。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1,产品:Rf=0.24,原料:Rf=0.43)显示原料消耗完。反应液减压浓缩得到黄色固体化合物01-13(150mg)。
步骤十一
将化合物01-13(150mg)和溴化苄(29.4mg)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.00mL)中,0℃加入碳酸钾(29.7mg),加毕后反应液在20℃搅拌6小时。LCMS(RT=0.851min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液加入水(5.00mL)和乙酸乙酯(5.00mL,4.00mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(5.00mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩,粗品用柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=50/1-1/1)纯化得到白色固体化合物01-14(110mg,收率83.3%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:927.4[M+H]+;
步骤十二
将化合物01-14(130mg)溶解在乙酸乙酯(1.00mL)中,加入盐酸/乙酸乙酯(300uL),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌1小时。LCMS(RT=0.346min)显示原料消耗完全。有机相减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物01-15(70.0mg,粗品)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:527.3[M+H]+;
步骤十三
将化合物01-15(70.0mg)和化合物01-16(238mg)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(2.00mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(137mg,185uL)和O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(303mg),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌2小时。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1,产品:Rf=0.43,原料:Rf=0.15)显示原料消耗完全。反应液加入水(8.00mL)和加入乙酸乙酯(6.00mL,4.00mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(5.00mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到黄色固体化合物01-17(100mg,收率33.5%)。
步骤十四
将化合物01-17(100mg)溶解在甲醇(1.00mL)中,加入钯碳(50.0mg,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力15Psi,20℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(RT=1.127min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到白色固体01-18(50.0mg,收率74.4%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1077.9[M+2H]+/2;
步骤十五
将化合物01-18(50.0mg)和01-8(20.0mg)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.00mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(9.00mg)和三正丙基环磷酸酐溶液(29.5mg,50%乙酸乙酯溶液),将加毕反应液在25℃搅拌1小时。LCMS(RT=1.790min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后加入水(3.00mL)和乙酸乙酯(5.00mL,3.00mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(5.00mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩。粗品采用高效液相色谱法(色谱柱:WatersXbridgePrepOBDC18150*40mm*10um;流动相:[水(碳酸氢铵)-乙腈];B%:35%-55%,8min)纯化得到白色固体化合物GAL-01(11.3mg,纯度100%)。
TOF MS ES+m/z:2711[M+H]/+;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δppm 1.23-1.45(m,21H)1.75-1.90(m,25H)1.91-1.95(m,12H)1.95-2.01(m,16H)2.01-2.13(m,13H)2.14-2.28(m,6H)2.98-3.63(m,29H)3.73(s,6H)3.75-3.92(m,9H)3.96-4.16(m,12H)4.21-4.30(m,1H)4.33-4.40(m,1H)4.40-4.60(m,4H)5.01-5.20(m,4H)5.24-5.33(m,4H)6.52-6.61(m,1H)6.75-6.79(m,4H)6.84-6.92(m,2H)7.10(d,J=8.80Hz,4H)7.21-7.27(m,4H)7.41-7.51(m,1H)7.81-7.85(m,1H)
实施例2:化合物GAL-02的合成
步骤一
将化合物02-1(20.0g)溶解在无水四氢呋喃(400mL)和水(120mL)的混合液中,加入碳酸氢钠(26.8g),0℃下加入氯甲酸苄酯(27.2g),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌2小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1,产品:Rf=0.43,原料:Rf=0.1)显示原料消耗完全。反应液缓慢加入水(100mL)和乙酸乙酯(80.0mL,60.0mL)进行萃取。有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(60.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物02-2(30.0g,粗品)。
步骤二
将化合物02-2(30.0g)溶解在乙酸乙酯(100mL)中,加入盐酸/乙酸乙酯(100mL),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(Rt=0.413分钟)显示原料消耗完全。反应液减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物02-3(8.00g,粗品)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:223[M+H]+;
步骤三
将化合物02-3(8.00g)溶解在四氢呋喃(160mL)中,加入丁二酸酐(3.60g),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌1小时。LCMS(Rt=1.904分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液过滤得到白色固体化合物02-4(11.0g,粗品)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:323[M+H]+;
步骤四
将化合物02-4(5.00g)和化合物3A(7.81g)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(8.02g,10.8mL),0℃下加入O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(11.8g)。LCMS(Rt=1.886分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液加入水(200mL)和乙酸乙酯(100mL,100mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(50.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到无色油状化合物02-5(9.00g,粗品)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:724[M+H]+;
步骤六
将化合物02-5(9.00g)溶解在甲醇(100mL)中,加入钯碳(2.85g,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力15Psi,20℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(Rt=1.440分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液降温后通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物02-6(4.00g,收率54.5%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:590[M+H]+;
步骤七
将化合物1-18(4.00g)和化合物02-6(1.10g)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(40.0mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(959mg,1.29mL),0℃下加入O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(1.41g)。LCMS(Rt=2.885分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液采用高效液相色谱法(色谱柱:WatersXbridgePrepOBDC18150*40mm*10um;流动相:[水(氨水)-乙腈];B%:35%-55%,8分钟)纯化得到白色固体化合物GAL-02(2.04g,纯度93.2%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1212[M-DMT+2H]+/2;
1H NMR(400MHz,CHLOROFORM-d)δppm 1.61(br,d,J=4.40Hz,20H),1.80-1.90(m,16H),1.94(br,s,6H),1.96-2.09(m,28H),2.12-2.18(m,13H),2.18-2.34(m,6H),3.00-3.67(m,30H),3.79(d,J=3.20Hz,7H),3.83-3.99(m,8H),4.02-4.23(m,13H),4.30-4.47(m,2H),4.52-4.65(m,4H),5.11-5.27(m,4H),5.30-5.41(m,4H),6.59-6.67(m,1H),6.80-6.85(m,5H),6.94-7.06(m,3H),7.16-7.26(m,6H),7.33-7.38(m,2H),7.50-7.57(m,1H),7.95(br d,J=8.40Hz,1H)
实施例3:GAL-03的合成
步骤一
将化合物03-1(50.0g)和N-Boc-咪唑(128g)溶解在无水甲苯(500mL)中,反应液在60℃搅拌12小时。TLC(二氯乙烷/甲醇=10/1,产品:Rf=0.43,原料:Rf=0.88)显示原料消耗完全。反应液减压浓缩得到粗品,粗品用石油醚在25℃打浆10分钟得到白色固体化合物03-2(110g,收率87.1%)。
步骤二
将化合物03-2(10.0g)溶解在四氢呋喃(200mL)和水(60.0mL)的混合液中,加入碳酸氢钠(7.60g),0℃下加入氯甲酸苄酯(7.72g),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌2小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1,产品:Rf=0.53,原料:Rf=0.2)显示原料消耗完全。反应液缓慢加入水(100mL)和乙酸乙酯(80.0mL,60.0mL)进行萃取。有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(60.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到白色油状化合物03-3(10.4g,粗品)。
步骤三
将化合物03-3(10.4g)溶解在乙酸乙酯(100mL)中,加入盐酸/乙酸乙酯(100mL),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(Rt=0.714分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物03-4(4.20g,粗品)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:267[M+H]+;
步骤四
将化合物03-2(10.0g)溶解在四氢呋喃(200mL)中,加入丁二酸酐(化合物03-5,3.02g),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌1小时。LCMS(Rt=1.081分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液过滤得到无色油状化合物03-6(13.0g,收率99.8%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:432[M+H]+;
步骤五
将化合物03-6(6.63g)和化合物03-4(2.60g)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(80.0mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.97g,5.36mL),0℃下加入O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(5.84g)。LCMS(Rt=1.919分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液加入水(150mL)和乙酸乙酯(80.0mL,80.0mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(50.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到粗品,粗产物用反相高效液相色谱法(0.1%碳酸氢铵条件下)纯化得到无色油状化合物03-7(6.40g,收率80.1%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1093[M+H]+;
步骤六
将化合物03-7(6.00g)溶解在甲醇(60.0mL)中,加入钯碳(5.85g,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力15Psi,20℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(Rt=2.225分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液降温后通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物03-8(5.00g,收率88.5%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:958[M+H]+;
步骤七
将化合物03-8(4.90g)和对苯二甲酸单甲酯(1.04g)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.67g,3.66mL),0℃下加入O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(4.15g)。LCMS(Rt=1.814分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液加入水(150mL)和乙酸乙酯(80.0mL,80.0mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(50.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到无色油状化合物03-9(5.50g,粗品)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1121[M+H]+;
步骤八
将化合物03-9(5.50g)溶解在四氢呋喃(36.0mL),水(12.0mL)和甲醇(12.0mL)的混合溶液中,加入一水合氢氧化锂(898mg),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌2小时。LCMS(Rt=1.472分钟)显示原料消耗完全。反应液减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物03-10(5.00g,收率94.9%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:958[M+H]+;
步骤九
将化合物03-10(5.00g)和碳酸钾(1.03g)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100mL)中,0℃加入溴化苄(1.45g),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(Rt=2.022分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液加入水(200mL)和乙酸乙酯(100mL,80.0mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(50.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到粗品,采用高效液相色谱法(色谱柱:WatersXbridgePrepOBDC18150*40mm*10um;流动相:[水(氨水)-乙腈];B%:30%-60%,8分钟)纯化得到白色固体化合物03-11(5.00g,收率84.6%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1197[M+H]+;
步骤十
将化合物03-11(5.00g)溶解在乙酸乙酯(50.0mL)中,加入盐酸/乙酸乙酯(50.0mL),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(Rt=0.885分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物03-12(4.00g,收率93.6%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1197[M+H]+;
步骤十一
将化合物03-12(4.00g)和化合物01-16(7.60g)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(90.0mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(4.39g,5.92mL),0℃下加入O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(9.69g)。LCMS(Rt=1.430分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液加入水(150mL)和乙酸乙酯(80.0mL,80.0mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(50.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到粗品,粗产物用反相高效液相色谱法(0.1%碳酸氢铵条件下)纯化得到无色油状化合物03-13(8.00g,收率79.6%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1257[M+2H]+/2;
步骤十二
将化合物03-13(8.00g)溶解在甲醇(160mL)中,加入钯碳(4.85g,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力15Psi,20℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(Rt=1.085分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液降温后通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物03-14(7.00g,收率89.5%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1212[M+2H]+/2;
步骤十三
将化合物03-14(4.00g)和化合物02-6(1.07g)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(40.0mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(853mg,1.15mL),0℃下加入O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(1.26g)。LCMS(Rt=1.696分钟)显示原料消耗完全,检测到一个质谱符合要求的主峰。反应液采用高效液相色谱法(色谱柱:WatersXbridgePrepOBDC18150*40mm*10um;流动相:[水(氨水)-乙腈];B%:35%-55%,8分钟)纯化得到白色固体化合物GAL-03(1.13g,纯度93.28%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1347[M-DMT+2H]+/2;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δppm 1.54-1.77(m,38H),1.81-1.89(m,6H),1.89-1.95(m,10H),2.00(s,11H),2.05(s,11H),2.08-2.11(m,2H),2.13-2.19(m,15H),2.53-2.71(m,6H),3.00-3.58(m,35H),3.65(br,s,2H)3.80(d,J=2.80Hz,6H),3.90(br,s,7H),4.06-4.24(m,12H),4.54-4.67(m,4H),5.11-5.27(m,4H),5.35(br,d,J=2.40Hz,4H),6.82(br,t,J=8.40Hz,7H),6.91-6.97(m,2H),6.99-7.06(m,1H),7.20-7.26(m,6H),7.30-7.43(m,5H),7.89(br d,J=8.40Hz,2H)
实施例4:GAL-04的合成
步骤一
将化合物04-1(500mg)和化合物01-3(674mg)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5.00mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(830mg),0℃下加入O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(1.22g),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌1小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1,产品:Rf=0.72,原料:Rf=0.24)显示原料消耗完全。反应液缓慢加入水(10.0mL)和乙酸乙酯(8.00mL,6.00mL)进行萃取。有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(6.00mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物04-2(200mg,收率17.5%)。
步骤二
将化合物04-2(200mg)溶解在甲醇(1.00mL)中,加入钯碳(299mg,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力30Psi,25℃搅拌1小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=2/1,产品:Rf=0.15,原料:Rf=0.54)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到白色油状化合物04-3(110mg,收率67.5%)。
步骤三
将化合物01-18(250mg)和化合物04-3(110mg)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(20.0mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(60.0mg)和三正丙基环磷酸酐50%乙酸乙酯溶液(148mg),将加毕反应液在25℃搅拌1小时。LCMS(ET61818-330-P1A1,Rt=2.744)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后加入水(1.00mL)和乙酸乙酯(2.00mL,1.00mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(5.00mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩。粗品采用高效液相色谱法(色谱柱:WatersXbridgeBEHC18250*30mm*10um;mobile;流动相:[水(碳酸氢铵)-乙腈];B%:33%-2%,8分钟)纯化得到白色固体化合物GAL-04(37.2mg,收率11.8%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:2714[M+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δppm 1.36-1.53(m,8H)1.64(br,s,18H)1.79-1.91(m,14H)1.95(br,s,8H)2.00(s,12H)2.02-2.11(m,17H)2.12-2.34(m,19H)2.41-2.71(m,2H)3.07-3.36(m,15H)3.37-3.45(m,3H)3.47-3.73(m,20H)3.75-3.82(m,10H)3.84-3.98(m,8H)4.00-4.23(m,12H)4.24-4.47(m,3H)4.47-4.71(m,5H)5.12-5.29(m,3H)5.16-5.17(m,1H)5.35(br s,4H)6.46-6.66(m,2H)6.82(br,t,J=8.40Hz,6H)7.01(s,3H)7.27(s,5H)7.33-7.40(m,3H)7.49-7.59(m,1H)7.89-8.06(m,2H)8.33-8.46(m,1H)
实施例5:化合物GAL-05的合成
步骤一
将化合物01-1(12.0g)和咪唑(13.0g)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100mL)中,0℃加入叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(18.0g),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌6小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1,产品:Rf=0.72,原料:Rf=0.24)显示原料消耗完全。反应液缓慢加入水(100mL)和乙酸乙酯(80.0mL,60.0mL)进行萃取。有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(60.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到黄色固体化合物05-1(20.0g,收率87.2%)。
步骤二
将化合物05-1(15.0g)溶解在甲醇(100mL)中,加入钯碳(1.00g,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力30Psi,30℃搅拌12小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=2/1,产品:Rf=0.15,原料:Rf=0.54)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物05-2(10.0g,收率92.5%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.05(s,12H)0.89(d,J=4.80Hz,18H)1.60-1.80(m,2H)2.72-2.83(m,1H)3.07(dd,J=12.00,5.20Hz,1H)3.33-3.46(m,1H)3.51-3.64(m,2H)4.30-4.36(m,1H)
步骤三
将化合物05-2(10.0g)和癸二酸单甲酯(6.26g)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(70.0mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(11.2g,15.1mL)和O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(22.0g),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌2小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=2/1,产品:Rf=0.43,原料:Rf=0.15)显示原料消耗完全。反应液加入水(80.0mL)和加入乙酸乙酯(60.0mL,40.0mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(50.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物05-3(6.50g,收率41.3%)。
步骤四
将化合物05-3(8.50g)溶解在四氢呋喃(56.0mL)中,加入四丁基氟化铵(15.6mL,1M),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌2小时。TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1,产品:Rf=0.05,原料:Rf=0.65)显示原料消耗完全。反应液减压浓缩得到黄色固体化合物05-4(5.00g,收率91.3%)。
步骤五
将化合物05-4(5.00g)溶解在吡啶(35.0mL)中,加入4,4-二甲氧基三苯基氯甲烷(8.06g),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌3小时。LCMS(RT=2.287min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50.0mL)和乙酸乙酯(50.0mL,30.0mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(50.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩。粗品用柱层析(二氧化硅,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=100/1-1/1)纯化得到黄色油状化合05-5(4.00mg,收率40.8%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:618.4[M+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δppm 1.32(br.s,8H)1.57-1.72(m,6H)2.27-2.37(m,4H)3.52-3.64(m,3H)3.66-3.69(m,3H)3.69-3.75(m,1H)3.78-3.84(m,6H)4.34-4.43(m,1H)4.45-4.52(m,1H)6.79-6.89(m,4H)7.18(d,J=8.80Hz,4H)7.27-7.35(m,5H)
步骤六
将化合物05-5(800mg)溶解在二氧六环(8.00mL)中,加入氢氧化锂水溶液(1.29mL,2M),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌3小时。LCMS(RT=1.750min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液减压浓缩得到黄色固体化合物05-6(500mg,收率63.9%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:604.3[M+H]+;
步骤七
将化合物01-9(30.0g)溶解在甲醇(210mL)中,加入氢氧化钠水溶液(107mL,1M),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(RT=0.572min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后加入稀盐酸,将pH值调至4后减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物05-7(28.0g,粗品)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:237.1[M-H]+;
步骤八
将化合物05-7(28.0g)溶解在四氢呋喃(180mL)中,0℃加入硼烷二甲硫醚(23.5mL,10M),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(RT=0.775min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温至0℃,缓慢加入甲醇(50.0mL),然后室温继续搅拌30分钟。有机相减压浓缩。粗品用柱层析(二氧化硅,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=100/1-1/1)纯化得到白色固体化合物05-8(8.00g,收率30.3%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:223.2[M-H]+;
步骤九
将化合物05-8(8.00g)溶解在二氯甲烷(55.0mL)中,0℃加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(137uL)和二氯亚砜(5.18mL),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌2小时。LCMS(RT=0.741min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液减压浓缩得到黄色固体化合物05-9(8.00g,收率92.4%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:243.1[M+H]+;
步骤十
将化合物05-9(8.00g)溶解在丙酮(45.0mL)和水(15.0mL)中,加入叠氮钠(4.29g),加毕反应液在60℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(RT=0.589min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液减压浓缩,加入氯仿(50.0mL)溶解,然后用水(50.0mL)和饱和食盐水(40.0mL)洗涤。有机相分液干燥过滤后减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物05-10(8.00g,收率97.3%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:250.1[M+H]+;
步骤十一
将化合物05-10(8.00g)溶解在甲醇(55.0mL)中,加入钯碳(800mg,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力15Psi,25℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(RT=0.589min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物05-11(8.00g,收率89.3%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:224.2[M+H]+;
步骤十二
将化合物05-11(8.00g)溶解在四氢呋喃(28.0mL)和水(28.0mL)中,加入氯甲酸苄酯(6.11g)和碳酸氢钠(9.03g),加毕反应液在25℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(RT=0.619min)显示原料消耗完全。加入水(20.0mL)和乙酸乙酯(30.0mL,20.0mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠
溶液(20.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩。粗品用柱层析(二氧化硅,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=100/1-1/1)纯化得到白色固体化合物05-12(5.00g,收率39.0%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:715.2[2M+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 3.85-3.92(m,6H)4.34(d,J=6.40Hz,2H)5.06(s,2H)7.28-7.41(m,5H)7.95-8.05(m,1H)8.12(s,2H)8.34-8.42(m,1H)
步骤十三
将化合物05-12(4.00g)溶解在四氢呋喃(30.0mL)和水(6.00mL)中,加入氢氧化锂水溶液(536mg),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(RT=0.52min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后加入稀盐酸,将pH值调至4后减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物05-13(3.50g,收率94.9%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:659.2[2M+H]+;
步骤十四
将化合物05-13(1.00g)溶解在二氯甲烷(10.0mL)中,0℃加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(140uL)和草酰氯(797uL),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌2小时。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1,产品(甲醇溶液):Rf=0.43,原料:Rf=0.05)显示原料消耗完全。反应液减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物05-14(1.00g,收率89.9%)。
步骤十五
将1,9-双-Boc-1,5,9-三氮杂壬烷化合物(905mg)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(705mg,951uL)溶解在二氯甲烷(5.00mL)中,0℃缓慢加入化合物05-14(500mg)在二氯甲烷(5.00mL)中,加毕反应液在20℃搅拌3小时。LCMS(RT=0.788min)显示原料消耗完全。加入水(10.0mL)和二氯甲烷(10.0mL,5.00mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(10.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩。粗品用柱层析(二氧化硅,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=50/1-0/1)纯化得到白色固体化合物05-15(800mg,收率61.4%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:956.3[M+H]+;
步骤十六
将化合物05-15(600mg)溶解在二氯甲烷(6.00mL)中,缓慢加入三氟乙酸(280uL),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌3小时。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1,产品:Rf=0.0,原料:Rf=0.24)显示原
料消耗完全。反应液加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(10.0mL)和二氯甲烷(10.0mL,5.00mL)进行萃取,有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(10.0mL)洗涤后,加入无水硫酸钠干燥过滤减压浓缩得到黄色油状化合物05-16(450mg,收率81.6%)。
步骤十七
将化合物05-16(50.0mg)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.00mL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(73.6mg,749uL),化合物01-16(127mg)和O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(162mg),加毕反应液在20℃搅拌3小时。LCMS(RT=1.529min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液粗品采用高效液相色谱法(色谱柱:WatersXbridgeBEHC18250*50mm*10um;流动相:[水(碳酸氢铵)-乙腈];B%:40%-60%,10min)纯化得到白色固体化合物05-17(100mg,收率61.7%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1137.4[M+2H]+/2;
步骤十八
将化合物05-17(50.0mg)溶解在四氢呋喃(1.00mL)中,加入钯碳(10.0mg,10%),加毕反应液在氢气氛围下压力15Psi,20℃搅拌3小时。LCMS(RT=1.229min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液降温后通过硅藻土过滤,滤液减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物05-18(30.0mg,收率63.7%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1070.4[M+2H]+/2;
步骤十九
将05-18(30.0mg)和化合物05-6(8.47mg)溶解在四氢呋喃(500uL)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.62mg)和O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-YL)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐(10.6mg),将加毕反应液在20℃搅拌12小时。LCMS(RT=1.780min)显示原料消耗完全。反应液采用高效液相色谱法(色谱柱:WatersXbridgePrepOBDC18150*40mm*10um;流动相:[水(碳酸氢铵)-乙腈];B%:30%-60%,8min)纯化得到白色固体化合物GAL-05(1.90mg,纯度100%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1363[M+2H]+/2;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δppm 1.27-1.41(m,16H)1.82-1.89(m,9H)1.91-2.11(m,49H)2.13-2.20(m,15H)2.24-2.40(m,8H)3.03-3.26(m,9H)3.26-3.39(m,5H)3.40-3.48(m,3H)3.50(s,7H)3.52-3.63(m,7H)3.81(s,6H)3.87-3.99(m,9H)4.06-4.23(m,13H)4.30-4.78(m,11H)5.13-5.25(m,4H)5.34-5.40(m,
4H)6.82-6.87(m,5H)7.18(br d,J=8.80Hz,7H)7.29(br d,J=4.00Hz,3H)7.31-7.36(m,2H)
按照实施例1-5所述相同的合成方法,利用合适的起始原料和试剂,合成得到实施例8-18,所用的起始原料和试剂为市售或文献已知。实施例的结构和名称见表一。
表一
实施例19化合物GAL-01-M的合成
将化合物GAL-01(100mg)溶解在甲醇(2.00mL)中,加入氨水(1.29mg,100%)。将加毕反应液在70℃搅拌2小时。反应液采用高效液相色谱法(色谱柱:WatersXbridgeBEHC18250*50mm*10um;mobile;流动相:[水(碳酸氢铵)-乙腈];B%:35%-55%,10分钟)纯化得到白色固体化合物GAL-01-M(23.0mg,收率28.3%)。
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1903[M-DMT+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δppm 1.27(br,s,6H)1.32-1.55(m,22H)1.56-1.63(m,4H)1.67-1.75(m,4H)1.75-1.82(m,12H)1.82-1.88(m,2H)1.93(br,s,5H)2.01-2.11(m,5H)2.20(br,t,J=7.60Hz,2H)2.58(br,d,J=9.60Hz,4H)2.80-2.91(m,4H)2.98(br,d,J=5.60Hz,2H)3.07-3.19(m,9H)3.40(br,dd,J=6.00,2.63Hz,12H)3.46-3.57(m,8H)3.60-3.77(m,18H)4.06-4.31(m,6H)4.34-4.42(m,1H)4.47(d,J=4.00Hz,4H)4.52-4.64(m,8H)4.85-4.99(m,1H)6.83-6.92(m,4H)7.16-7.23(m,5H)7.25-7.37(m,4H)7.43(s,1H)7.62(br,d,J=8.00Hz,6H)7.77-7.90(m,4H)8.64(br,d,J=1.20Hz,1H)
采用与实施例19的合成方法,合成得到实施例20,21,22:
实施例20:化合物GAL-02-M
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1919.8[M-DMT+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δppm 1.25-1.65(m,26H),1.65-1.88(m,18H),1.90-1.99(m,4H),2.03-2.14(m,4H),2.24-2.47(m,4H),2.87(br,d,J=2.40Hz,4H),2.99-3.21(m,12H),3.22-3.31(m,9H),3.39-3.46(m,8H),3.51(dt,J=11.20,5.50Hz,8H),3.61-3.79(m,19H),4.06-4.27(m,5H),4.37-4.44(m,1H),4.47(d,J=4.00Hz,4H),4.52-4.64(m,8H),4.86-5.04(m,1H),6.88(d,J=8.40Hz,4H),7.15-7.25(m,5H),7.27-7.36(m,4H),7.44(s,1H),7.56-7.73(m,6H),7.77-7.91(m,5H),8.67(br,s,1H)
实施例21:化合物GAL-03-M
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1095[M-DMT+2H]+/2;
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD-d4)
δppm 1.56-1.62(m,9H)1.62-1.77(m,17H)1.82-1.98(m,8H)1.99(s,11H)2.09(s,1H)2.23(q,J=7.20Hz,10H)2.37(br,d,J=5.63Hz,3H)2.47-2.75(m,10H)3.13-3.28(m,14H)3.37-3.46(m,10H)3.48-3.55(m,9H)3.61(dt,J=10.4,3.20Hz,6H)3.74-3.82(m,14H)3.85(d,J=2.80Hz,4H)3.89-3.99(m,8H)4.25-4.31(m,1H)4.37(dd,J=8.40,4.40Hz,4H)4.57-4.63(m,1H)6.84-6.90(m,4H)7.19-7.33(m,7H)7.38(br,d,J=7.20Hz,2H)7.49(br,d,J=8.40Hz,2H)7.94(d,J=8.00Hz,2H)
实施例22:化合物GAL-04-M
LCMS(ESI)m/z:1908[M-DMT+H]+;
实施例23:测试代表性化合物与去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)结合力
通过在猴的原代肝细胞中(PCMH)用流式细胞术来检测化合物与抗去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)的结合力,代表性化合物与GalNAc3-Cy5均能与PCMH表面的ASGPR受体结合并被内吞到细胞中,竞争化合物GalNAc3-Cy5为荧光标记化合物,其被内吞后可以通过流式细胞术检测到细胞中的荧光信号,受试GalNAc化合物与GalNAc3-Cy5竞争从而导致检测到的荧光信号降低,其荧光信号降低程度反映了受试化合物的内吞效率。以抑制率和GalNAc3-Cy5的抑制EC50值为指标,来评价受试化合物与ASGPR结合力强弱,从而反映该化合物特异性靶向肝细胞递送寡核酸分子的能力。
细胞系:猴的原代肝细胞(PCMH)
试剂:DMEM(Gibco-11965-092);FBS(ExCell Bio-FSP500);InvitroGRO CP Medium(BioIVT-S03316);Staining buffer(Thermo Fisher-00-4222-26)。
竞争化合物:GalNac3-Cy5
实验步骤和方法
应用流式细胞术评价化合物在PCMH中与抗去唾液酸糖蛋白受体的结合力
第0天,将复苏后的PCMH悬液调整合适的密度,接种细胞种到48孔板。
第1天,加入预先混合的稀释好的待测化合物与GalNac3-Cy5(DMSO终浓度为2%),待测化合物GAL-01-M,GAL-02-M,GAL-03-M,GAL-04-M,100μM起始,3倍稀释,11个浓度点,单孔。竞争化合物GalNac3-Cy5的终浓度为0.5μM。
待测品与细胞孵育4h后,消化细胞,固定后通过流式细胞术检测PCMH在APC通道的中位荧光强度(MFI)。
数据分析
化合物各浓度点对GalNAc3-Cy5的抑制率反映了化合物各浓度点的内吞效率,使用GraphPad Prism软件,将化合物各浓度点对GalNAc3-Cy5的抑制率用“log(agonist)vs.response–variable slope”方程拟合曲线分析计算受试化合物的内吞效率EC50值。
化合物对GalNAc3-Cy5的抑制率=(1-(MFISample-MFINeg)/(MFIPos-MFINeg))*100%
MFISample是化合物在APC通道的中位荧光强度
MFINeg是本底荧光值
MFIPos是GalNAc3-Cy5最大被摄取荧光强度。
实验结果
*L96-M为Alnylam公司开发的递送基团L96按照实施例19的试验方法,脱去乙酰基得到的受试化合物,其结构如下:
结论:在本实验中,本发明的四价N-乙酰半乳糖胺取代的芳香酰胺类GalNAc缀合基团化合物均表现出不可预料的与ASGPR良好的结合力。
实施例24:测试代表性化合物在血浆中的稳定性
通过将受试物与CD-1小鼠、SD大鼠、食蟹猴及人五种种属血浆共孵育,孵育结束后,试验样品经适当步骤处理,用LC-MS/MS法检测样品中的受试物,计算受试物在不同种血浆中剩余百分比,评估受试物在不同种属血浆中的代谢稳定性。
试验材料:
试验方法
1.实验前,将合并的冷冻血浆在37℃的水浴中解冻。将血浆以4000rpm离心5分钟,并去除凝块(如果有的话)。
2.将98μL/孔的空白血浆等分试样加入所有96孔反应板中。(空白,T0、T10、T30、T60和T120)
3.将2μL/孔的受试物溶液(100μM)等分试样加入除空白外的所有反应板中。(T0、T10、T30、T60和T120)
4.将所有含有化合物和血浆混合物的反应板在37℃水浴中孵育。
5.将反应板在37℃下孵育,并启动计时器
6.孵育结束时,加入800μL停止溶液(以含甲苯丁酰胺和拉贝洛尔的甲醇为内标物),沉淀蛋白质。充分混合。
7.将每个板密封并摇动20分钟
8.摇动后,将每个板在4000rpm和4℃下离心20分钟
9.离心后,将150μL上清液从每个反应板转移到相应的生物酰化板上。
10.密封每个生物分析板并振荡10分钟,利用LC-MS/MS分析数据,数据分析
使用以下方程计算在血浆中孵育后测试化合物的剩余百分比:
%剩余=100x(指定孵育时间的标准杆数/T0时间的标准杆数)
其中标准杆数是分析物与内标物(is)的峰面积比
指定的孵育时间点为T0(0分钟)、Tn(n=0、10、30、60、120分钟)
实验结果
结论:所有受试物在CD-1小鼠、SD大鼠、食蟹猴及人四种不同种属血浆中较稳定,未见明显种属差异。
实施例25:Gal-03 GalNAc缀合基团链接HBV和补体C3 siRNA合成缀合物
步骤一:Gal-03琥珀酸盐制备
在氮气氛围保护下,将Gal-03(500mg,167μmol)溶于10mL二氯甲烷中,加入三乙胺(85mg,834μmol),再加入琥珀酸酐(67mg,667μmol)和DMAP(40mg,334μmol),加完后室温搅拌反应12小时。LCMS检测反应完全后,反应液加入50mL二氯甲烷稀释,
再用5%NaCl溶液洗涤(20mL*3),无水硫酸钠干燥,30℃以下减压蒸去溶剂得到灰白色固体产物400mg(收率:77%)
步骤二:通用工艺,用于合成Gal-03-CPG
将上步所得Gal-03琥珀酸盐(400mg,128μmol)溶液乙腈(10mL),向其中加入HBTU(73mg,193μmol)和DIEA(50mg,387μmol),并将反应物混合5分钟得到澄清溶液。向其中加入氨基可控微孔玻璃球(NH2-CPG,NH2-controlled pore glass,氨基载量180μmol/g,2g),25℃下进行摇床反应,转速150转/分钟。反应24小时后,将其过滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷、乙腈充分洗涤,真空干燥。将该干燥固相支撑体用25%乙酸酐/吡啶加盖试剂加盖反应3小时,过滤,滤饼用乙腈充分洗涤,干燥得到所需Gal-03-CPG固相支撑体(2.1g,测得载量:20μmol/g)
步骤三:合成缀合物正义链
通过固相亚磷酰胺法,利用上述步二制备的Gal-03-CPG固相支撑体起始循环,按照正义链核苷酸排布顺序(SS:5’-g*u*guGcACUucgcuucaca—Gal-03-3’,(SEQ ID NO:1),对应于Gal-03-HBV;SS:5’-g*a*gccgUuCUCuacaauuacu—Gal-03-3’,(SEQ ID NO:3),对应于Gal-03-C3;其中a、c、g和u小写字母分别代表2’-O-甲基腺苷、胞苷、鸟苷或尿苷;A、C、G和U下划线大写字母分别代表2’-氟腺苷、胞苷、鸟苷或尿苷;*代表硫代磷酸酯键合),自3'-5'方向逐一连接核苷单体。每连接一个核苷单体都包括脱保护、偶联、氧化或硫化、盖帽四步反应。合成所需的2’-修饰的RNA亚磷酰胺(phosphoramidite)单体和辅助试剂均商业可得。
CPG上结合的低聚体的切割和脱保护条件如下:将合成的连接有载体的核苷酸序列加入浓度为25wt%的氨水中,氨水用量为0.5mL/μmol,在55℃反应6小时,除去液体,将残余物真空浓缩至干。
纯化与脱盐:利用制备型离子色谱纯化柱,通过NaCl的梯度洗脱,实现核酸的纯化。具体而言为:洗脱剂A:0.05M NaOH;洗脱剂B:1M NaCl,0.05M NaOH;洗脱梯度:洗脱剂A:洗脱剂B=100:0-50:50梯度洗脱。收集产品洗脱液后合并,采用葡聚糖凝胶柱进行脱盐,填料为葡聚糖凝胶G25(Sephadex G25),以去离子水洗脱。
检测:使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测纯度;使用液质联用(LC-MS)分析分子量。实测值与理论值相符,表明所合成的是3’末端缀合了Gal-03缀合分子的正义链S。
步骤四:合成缀合物反义链
通过固相亚磷酰胺法,利用通用可控玻璃微球(CPG)起始循环,合成缀合的反义链(AS:u*G*ugaAgCGaaguGcAcac*u*u,(SEQ ID NO:2),对应于Gal-03-HBV;AS:
a*G*uaaUuGUagagAaCggcuc*g*g,(SEQ ID NO:4),对应于Gal-03-C3)。固相合成方法中的脱保护、偶联、盖帽、氧化或硫化反应条件,切割和脱保护,纯化与脱盐条件与合成正义链相同。
检测:使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测纯度;使用液质联用(LC-MS)分析所得到的产物的分子量。
步骤五:合成双链缀合物
将S链与AS链分别溶于注射用水中,得到40mg/mL的溶液,以等摩尔比混合,95℃加热10min,缓慢冷却后,得到退火后的产品,冻干,得到冻干粉。利用液质联用(LC-MS)进行分子量检测。采用紫外分光光度法进行定量。
实施例26:HBV体外测试
通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测HepG2-NTCP细胞培养上清中HBV抗原(HBsAg和HBeAg)含量,以化合物的EC50值为指标,来评价化合物对HBV的抑制活性;同时通过Cell-titer Glo检测细胞活力,来评价化合物的细胞毒性。细胞系:HepG2-NTCP细胞;HepG2-NTCP细胞培养基(DMEM,Invitrogen-11330032;10%血清,Invitrogen-10099141;100units/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素,Hyclone-SV30010;1%非必需氨基酸,Invitrogen-11140050;2mM L-谷氨酰胺,Invitrogen-25030081;1mM丙酮酸钠,Gibco-11360-070;500μg/ml Geneticin,Invitrogen-10131027)
试剂:胰酶(Invitrogen-25300062);DPBS(Corning-21031CVR);DMSO(Sigma-D2650-100ML);Cell-titer Glo(Promega-G7573);乙型肝炎表面抗原定量检测试剂盒(安图生物-CL 0310);乙型肝炎e抗原定量检测试剂盒(安图生物-CL 0312)。
实验步骤和方法:
第0天,种HepG2-NTCP(7.5×10 4细胞/孔)细胞到48孔板,在37℃,5%CO2培养过夜。
第1天,更换含1%DMSO的培养基。
第2天,用D型HBV(从HepG2.2.15细胞培养上清浓缩)感染HepG2-NTCP(2000GE/细胞)。
第3天,吸掉感染液,加入新鲜的含1%DMSO的培养基。
第6天,根据RNAiMax(Invitrogen公司)的使用说明,转染siRNA缀合物。缀合物5倍梯度稀释7个浓度,三复孔,终浓度为0.16pM。化合物为正义链、反义链的组合,为单一化学实体,最大浓度为2.5nM。
第12天,收取培养孔中的上清,ELISA测定HBV表面抗原和e抗原。待收集上清后,加入Cell-titer Glo测定细胞活力。ELISA测定乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和e抗原(HBeAg),具体步骤参照该产品说明书,步骤简述如下:取50μl样品和标准品分别加入到反应板中,再每孔分别加入50μl酶结合物,震荡混匀,37℃孵育60分钟,然后用洗液洗板5次,再每孔加入50μl发光底物,混匀,室温避光反应10分钟,最后用酶标仪检测化学发光强度。
数据分析:
计算细胞活力百分比:viability%=(样品的发光值-培养基对照发光值)/(DMSO对照的发光值-培养基对照发光值)×100。
计算HBV表面抗原和e抗原的抑制百分比:Inh.%=(1-样品中的抗原值/DMSO对照抗原值)×100。
计算CC50和EC50:使用GraphPad Prism软件计算化合物的CC50和对HBV的50%抑制浓度(EC50)值。
实验结果:Gal-03缀合基团链接HBV siRNA合成缀合物(Gal-03-HBV)具有优越的降低HBV表面抗原的活性HBsAg EC50<1nM,并且无细胞毒性:CC50>1000nM。总之,本发明的四价N-乙酰半乳糖胺取代的芳香酰胺类GalNAc缀合基团链接的GalNAc-siRNA是具有强的肝细胞靶向性和安全性。
实施例27:化合物在食蟹猴原代肝细胞(PMH)中抑制C3蛋白表达的活性测试
本实验应用贴壁的食蟹猴原代肝细胞评价化合物抑制C3蛋白表达的体外持久性(7天)干扰效应。
实验方法与步骤:
(1)取出液氮冻存的PMH,37℃水浴复苏后100g离心10分钟。
(2)重悬计数后按4×104/100μL/孔加入96孔胶原板。
(3)在培养箱中静置5小时贴壁后换维持培养液,再加入用OptiMEM(11058021,GIBCO)配制好的指定终浓度siRNA混合液以自由摄取。
(4)处理指定时间后,甩板取上清,用C3 ELISA kit(CSB-E08665h,华美生物)检测其中C3蛋白水平。
数据分析
每次测定为三复孔,收样后采用pool混合ELISA检测,以空白对照为100%计算蛋白表达的相对变化。
*AD-570714为alnylam公开的专利WO2021/081026中报道的优选序列,其与实施例25具有相同的siRNA序列,递送基团采用L96。
如前所述,本发明展现出一种新颖的高效的四价N-乙酰半乳糖胺取代的芳香酰胺类GalNAc缀合基团,它们高效的结合肝细胞去唾液酸糖蛋白受体抗体(ASGPR),其相应siRNA缀合物具有肝靶向,因此是新颖的寡核酸分子递送平台;其GalNAc-siRNA等缀合物可以与肝细胞表面特异性高表达的ASGPR蛋白结合,通过细胞内吞作用进入到细胞内的内涵体,从而将足够数量的寡核酸分子带入细胞内,诱导选择性mRNA沉默反应。该递送平台具有容易工业放大的优势其与ASGPR的结合力优于现有技术,因而在体内可以实现更高效的肝靶向分子递送。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员应当理解,这些仅是举例说明,在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下,可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。因此,本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。
Claims (20)
- 一种如式I所示的GalNAc缀合物;
其中,X-为O-或S-;Mz+为药学上可接受的正离子;所述的负离子中的总价数与正离子的总价数相等;RNA为寡聚核苷酸,所述的寡聚核苷酸由15-35个修饰的或者未修饰的核酸单体组成的单链或者双链;为为为或者,为为为A为或连接键;为k为2;当A为连接键时,A位于L2间位;当A为时,A位于L2对位或间位;n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6和n7独立地为1、2、3、4、5或6;m1和m2独立地为0、1、2、3、4或5;q1和q2独立地为1、2、3、4或5。 - 如权利要求1所述的GalNAc缀合物,其特征在于,所述GalNAc缀合物满足下述条件中的一种或多种:(1)所述的RNA为反义寡核苷酸、小干扰RNA、核酸适配体或微小RNA;较佳地,所述的RNA为小干扰RNA;较佳地,所述的小干扰RNA为HBV siRNA或补体C3 siRNA;更佳地,所述RNA的序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示或如SEQ ID NO:4所示;(2)所述的n1为1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的n1为1、2或3;(3)所述的n2为1、2、3或4;较佳地,所述的n2为1或2;(4)所述的n3为1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的n3为3;(5)所述的n4为1、2、3或4;较佳地,所述的n4为2;(6)所述的n5为1、2、3、4、5或6;较佳地,所述的n5为4;(7)所述的n6为1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的n6为3;(8)所述的n7为1、2或3;较佳地,所述的n7为1;(9)所述的m1为1或2;较佳地,所述的m1为1;(10)所述的m2为0、1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的m2为0、1、2或3;(11)所述的q1为1、2、3或4;较佳地,所述的q1为2;(12)所述的q2为1、2、3、4或5;较佳地,所述的q2为3;(13)所述的X-为O-或S-;较佳地,X-为O-;和(14)所述的Mz+为金属正离子或有机碱正离子,优选Mz+为金属正离子;较佳地,所述的金属正离子为碱金属或碱土金属正离子,例如Na+、K+或Ca2+,例如Na+;所述的有机碱正离子可为铵根正离子,例如为
- 如权利要求2所述的GalNAc缀合物,其特征在于,所述GalNAc缀合物满足下述条件中的一种或多种:(1)所述的为 较佳地,所述的为(2)所述的为 较佳地,所述的为(3)所述的为
- 如权利要求3所述的GalNAc缀合物,其特征在于,所述GalNAc缀合物满足下述条件中的一种或两种:(1)所述的为 较佳地,所述的为 和(2)所述的为
- 如权利要求4所述的GalNAc缀合物,其特征在于,所述的为
- 如权利要求5所述的GalNAc缀合物,其特征在于,所述的GalNAc缀合物为如下任一结构:
较佳地,所述的GalNAc缀合物为:
- 一种如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的式I缀合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:式I-A化合物通过固相亚磷酰胺法制备得到式I缀合物;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、A、X-、Mz+、k和RNA的定义如权利要求1-6中任一项所述;为固相支撑物;为连接基团;R1为二甲氧基三苯甲基、对甲氧基苄基、三苯甲基、对甲氧基三苯甲基、烯丙基或叔丁基;R2为羟基保护基。 - 如权利要求7所述的式I缀合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法满足下述条件中的一种或多种:(1)所述的固相亚磷酰胺法包括脱保护、偶联、氧化或硫化、盖帽、纯化与脱盐步骤;(2)在中,所述的固相支撑物为氨基可控微孔玻璃球、固相合成树脂,较佳地,所述的氨基可控微孔玻璃球的孔径为或所述的氨基可控微孔玻璃球的氨基载量为160-200μmol/g,优选180μmol/g;(3)所述的为(4)所述的R1为4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基甲基;和(5)R2为乙酰基。
- 如权利要求8所述的式I缀合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的式I缀合物的制备方法进一步包括式I-A化合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:在溶剂、缩合剂和碱的存在下,将式I-B化合物与固相支撑物进行反应,得到所述的式I-A化合物;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、L6、A、R1、R2、k和的定义如权利要求8所述;R3为羟基保护基或用于结合至固体支撑物的基团。 - 如权利要求9所述的式I缀合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法满足下述条件中的一种或多种:(1)在R3中,所述的羟基保护基为二甲氧基三苯甲基、对甲氧基苄基、三苯甲基、对甲氧基三苯甲基、烯丙基或叔丁基;(2)在R3中,所述的用于结合至固体支撑物的基团为(3)式I-A的制备方法中,所述的溶剂为乙腈;(4)式I-A的制备方法中,所述的碱为二异丙基乙胺;和(5)式I-A的制备方法中,所述的缩合剂为N,N'-羰基二咪唑、N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三氮唑、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羧酸乙酯、O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐、O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐、六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷、二苯基磷酰氯、叠氮磷酸二苯酯、双(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)次磷酰氯和三正丙基环磷酸酐中的一种或多种,较佳地,所述的缩合剂为O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯。
- 如权利要求10所述的式I缀合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的式I缀合物的制备方法进一步包括式I-B化合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:在溶剂、催化剂和碱的存在下,将式II化合物进行如下反应,得到式I-B化合物;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、A、R1、R2、R3和k的定义如权利要求10所述。 - 如权利要求11所述的式I缀合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法满足下述条件中的一种或多种:(1)式I-B的制备方法中,所述的碱为有机碱,优选胺类有机碱,进一步优选三乙胺;(2)式I-B的制备方法中,所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷;和(3)式I-B的制备方法中,所述的催化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶。
- 如权利要求12所述的式I缀合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的式I缀合物的制备方法进一步包括式II化合物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:在溶剂中,在缩合剂和碱的存在下,式III化合物和式IV化合物进行如下所示的酰胺缩合反应,得到所述的式II化合物即可;
其中,为E为氢;或者为E为羟基;为G为羟基;或者,为G为氢;L1、L2、L3、L4、R1、R2、m1、m2、A和k的定义如权利要求12所述。 - 如权利要求13所述的式I缀合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法满足下述条件中的一种或多种:(1)所述的溶剂选自二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃中的一种或多种;(2)所述的碱为有机碱和/或无机碱,较佳地,所述的有机碱选自吡啶、N,N-二异丙 基乙胺和三乙胺中的一种或多种,所述的无机碱为碳酸钠;(3)所述的缩合剂选自N,N'-羰基二咪唑、N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三氮唑、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羧酸乙酯、O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐、O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐、六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷、二苯基磷酰氯、叠氮磷酸二苯酯、双(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)次磷酰氯和三正丙基环磷酸酐中的一种或多种,优选O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N,N-四甲基脲六氟膦盐和/或三正丙基环磷酸酐;和(4)所述的酰胺缩合反应的温度为20-30℃,优选25℃。
- 一种如下所示的化合物或其盐;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、A和k的定义如权利要求1-6中任一项所述;L6、R1、R2和的定义如权利要求7-10中任一项所述;R3的定义如权利要求9-12中任一项所述。 - 如权利要求15所述的化合物或其盐,其结构如下任一所示:其中,式I-B为:
式I-B的盐为:
式II为:
式II-A为:
- 一种如权利要求15或16所述的式II化合物或所述的式I-B化合物在制备如权利要求1-6任一项所述的式I缀合物中的应用;较佳地,所述的式II化合物的应用包括如下步骤:步骤1.在溶剂、催化剂和碱的存在下,将式II化合物进行如下反应,得到式I-B化合物;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、A、R1、R2、R3和k的定义如权利要求10所述;步骤2.在溶剂、缩合剂和碱的存在下,将式I-B化合物与固相支撑物进行反应,得到所述的式I-A化合物;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、L6、A、R1、R2、k和的定义如权利要求8所述;R3为羟基保护基或用于结合至固体支撑物的基团;步骤3.式I-A化合物通过固相亚磷酰胺法制备得到式I缀合物;
其中,L1、L2、L3、L4、A、X-、Mz+、k和RNA的定义如权利要求1-6中任一项所述;为固相支撑物;为连接基团;R1为二甲氧基三苯甲基、对甲氧基苄基、三苯甲基、对甲氧基三苯甲基、烯丙基或叔丁基;R2为羟基保护基;更佳地,所述步骤1的操作和反应条件如权利要求12所述;所述步骤2的操作和反应条件如权利要求10所述;所述步骤3的操作和反应条件如权利要求8所述;较佳地,所述的式I-B化合物的应用包括步骤2和步骤3;更佳地,所述步骤2的操作和反应条件如权利要求10所述;所述步骤3的操作和反应条件如权利要求8所述。 - 一种药物组合物,其包括至少一种活性物质和一种或多种药学上可接受的药用辅料;其中,所述的活性物质为如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的式I缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐中的一种或多种。
- 一种如权利要求15或16所述的式II所示的化合物在制备药物递送系统中的应用;所述的药物可为RNA,所述的RNA的定义可如权利要求1-6中任一项所述。
- 一种如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的式I缀合物或如权利要求18所述的药物组合物在制备药物中的用途;所述药物用于治疗肝相关疾病或抑制补体C3蛋白表达;较佳地,所述的肝相关的疾病可为病毒性肝炎、肝硬变、药物性肝炎、中毒性肝炎、肝感染性疾病或肝脏代谢性疾病;所述治疗用于抑制补体C3蛋白表达的药物可为治疗免疫诱发的慢性肾病、全身重症肌无力或难治性高血压的药物;进一步较佳地,所述的病毒性肝炎可为甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎或丁型肝炎,优选乙型肝炎;所述的肝感染性疾病为肝脓肿,肝结核或肝包虫病;所述的肝脏代谢性疾病为肝脏代谢异常引起的疾病、脂肪肝、肝淀粉样病变或肝豆状核病变;所述免疫诱发的慢性肾病可为C3肾小球病、IgA肾病或膜增生性肾病;更佳地,所述的肝脏代谢异常引起的疾病为高血脂。
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