WO2024188418A1 - Elektrische anodengasförderpumpe für ein brennstoffzellensystem - Google Patents
Elektrische anodengasförderpumpe für ein brennstoffzellensystem Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024188418A1 WO2024188418A1 PCT/EP2023/056137 EP2023056137W WO2024188418A1 WO 2024188418 A1 WO2024188418 A1 WO 2024188418A1 EP 2023056137 W EP2023056137 W EP 2023056137W WO 2024188418 A1 WO2024188418 A1 WO 2024188418A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- anode gas
- gas feed
- feed pump
- motor rotor
- separating element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D23/00—Other rotary non-positive-displacement pumps
- F04D23/008—Regenerative pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/40—Organic materials
- F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/40—Organic materials
- F05D2300/44—Resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric anode gas feed pump for a fuel cell system with a stationary pump housing, an electric drive motor with a motor rotor and a motor stator which circumferentially encloses the motor rotor, a rotatable feed wheel which is connected to the motor rotor in a rotationally fixed manner, and a separating element which is arranged radially between the motor rotor and the motor stator, whereby the motor rotor and the motor stator are fluidically separated from one another, wherein the separating element is made of a composite material with a plastic matrix in which electrically conductive fillers are embedded.
- a similar pump for pumping water in a dishwasher is known, for example, from DE 10 2013 214 190 A1.
- the disclosed fluid pump has a separating element made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which has electrical conductivity due to the addition of carbon fibers.
- Anode gas feed pumps are used to feed hydrogen or a hydrogen/nitrogen/water mixture to the anode of a fuel cell system.
- the anode feed gas pump in particular the hydrogen-carrying chamber, is hermetically sealed from the environment to prevent the ingress of oxygen from the environment and the escape of hydrogen into the environment, as this would lead to the formation of an ignitable hydrogen-oxygen mixture.
- an ignition spark must be avoided in the pump housing. Therefore, the components that come into contact with the hydrogen must have special properties that prevent, for example, the formation of an ignition spark on the component surface.
- Such ignition sparks can arise, for example, due to electrostatic charging of a component surface that comes into contact with hydrogen, for example on a separating element that sits between the motor rotor and the motor stator of the electric drive motor.
- Plastics are generally non-conductive, i.e. electrically non-conductive, and are therefore unsuitable for hydrogen applications, as this can lead to an unwanted local accumulation of electrical charge carriers on the component surface, which can ultimately discharge on a neighboring component with a different potential and cause an ignition spark. It has also been shown that excessive conductivity is also disadvantageous, as high electrical conductivity can lead to unwanted interaction of the dipole molecules of the separating element, which are responsible for the electrical conductivity, with the magnetic field of the electric motor. The intermittent reversal of the polarity of the magnetic field of the electric motor during commutation excites the dipole molecules, which can lead to heating of the separating element and thus damage to the entire pump.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of developing an electric anode gas feed pump for a fuel cell system. whose separation element for hydrogen application has appropriate dissipative properties that prevent sparking on the component surface.
- An electric anode gas feed pump for a fuel cell system comprises a stationary pump housing which fluidically separates a pump interior from the environment, as well as an electric drive motor with a motor rotor and a motor stator which are arranged in the pump interior.
- the motor rotor is designed as a so-called internal rotor and is thus circumferentially enclosed by the motor stator.
- the electric anode gas feed pump further comprises a rotatable feed wheel which is connected to the motor rotor in a rotationally fixed manner, whereby the feed wheel can be driven by means of the electric drive motor.
- the feed wheel rotates in a pump chamber formed in the pump interior, through which the fluid is fed by the feed wheel during pump operation.
- the electric anode gas feed pump comprises a separating element which is arranged radially between the motor rotor and the motor stator and runs through the so-called air gap which is characteristic of a permanently excited synchronous motor.
- the separating element forms two fluidically separated spaces, with the motor rotor being arranged in a motor rotor space formed inside the separating element and the motor stator being arranged in a motor stator space formed outside the separating element.
- the motor rotor and the motor stator are fluidically separated from one another.
- the motor rotor space is in fluid communication with the pump chamber, whereby the gas flowing through the pump chamber Anode gas can enter the motor rotor chamber and flow through it.
- the motor rotor chamber is flooded with the anode gas, which means that the motor rotor is permanently surrounded by the anode gas.
- the motor rotor and separating element are therefore permanently in contact with the anode gas, in particular with hydrogen.
- the separating element is made from a composite material with a plastic matrix in which electrically conductive fillers are embedded.
- the plastic matrix itself basically has electrically insulating properties, which are advantageous with regard to the self-inductance of the separating element and thus with regard to the occurrence of eddy currents in the separating element arranged between the motor rotor and motor stator, but prevent electrostatic charges from being discharged.
- the controlled addition of electrically conductive fillers makes the composite material electrically conductive.
- the proportion of electrically conductive fillers in the plastic matrix is so high that the separating element, or the composite material from which the separating element is made, has a surface resistance of between 10 6 Q (Ohm) and 10 12 Q, which gives the composite material dissipative properties.
- the anode gas flows through the engine compartment and releases charged particles from the surface of the separating element, causing electrostatic charges to accumulate there.
- the surface resistance with the parameters mentioned means that no large accumulations of charge can form on the surface, which could lead to an uncontrolled discharge, but that these can be recombined by the anode gas flowing past. Accordingly, only small local static charges are created, which are balanced out again without a high static charge being created. All electrically conductive materials that, in combination with a plastic matrix, have an electrical conductivity of the composite material and in particular result in a surface resistance of the composite material in the previously mentioned dimension.
- the dimension of the surface resistance determines the extent to which a charge exchange can take place between the composite material of the separation element and the anode gas, with an increasing surface resistance generally leading to an increasing accumulation of electrostatic charges.
- a surface resistance between 10 6 Q and 10 12 Q results in a controlled, continuous exchange of electrostatic charges between the gas mixture and the composite material, creating a type of electrostatic equilibrium so that no large accumulations of electrostatic charges can form on the component surface. This prevents sudden discharges and the generation of high voltage peaks, thereby protecting sensitive electronic components, such as the pump control of an electronically commutated electric motor, from overvoltage damage.
- the hydrogen-oxygen mixture is prevented from being ignited by a spark caused by an electrostatic discharge. Nevertheless, the surface resistance is so high that the separation element does not become excessively heated by an excessive number of excitable dipole molecules.
- the separating element has an electrical conductivity greater than IO -8 S/m (Siemens per meter).
- An electrical conductivity greater than ICT 8 S/m results in a surface resistance of less than 10 12 Q, which ensures that the electrical charge carriers and thus the electrostatic charges can safely pass from the surface of the separation element to the anode gas.
- the electrically conductive filler is graphite. Due to its layered crystal structure, graphite behaves anisotropically in terms of electrical conductivity, but within an atomic layer it has a relatively high electrical conductivity, which is similar to the electrical conductivity of metallic materials. Graphite is therefore particularly suitable as a filler for increasing the electrical conductivity of a composite material, but does not lead to high electrical conductivity. In contrast to metallic materials, graphite has a relatively low density and is therefore relatively light. Furthermore, graphite is relatively inexpensive as a filler.
- the graphite content of the composite material of the separating element is at least 30%.
- a 30% graphite content ensures that the surface resistance of the composite material is below 10 12 Q, which ensures a controlled, continuous exchange of electrostatic charges.
- the separating element has a surface resistance between 10 6 Q and 10 9 Q.
- a conductivity is disadvantageous with regard to heating of the separation element.
- a low surface resistance means that the charged particles are released into the anode gas in a controlled manner, only to the extent that an excessive accumulation of charges on the surface is prevented, which increases the operational reliability of the anode gas feed pump.
- the separating element has a water absorption capacity of less than 0.05%.
- the low water absorption capacity prevents water from being deposited in the composite material, in particular in the plastic matrix, which would impair the dimensional stability of the separating element. Water storage would lead to the external dimensions of the separating element being changed, which could lead to leaks and/or damage, for example. Furthermore, the water can lead to changes in the electrical properties and consequently also to unwanted changes in the surface resistance, which is why water absorption should generally be avoided or kept relatively low.
- the plastic matrix is made of a thermoplastic.
- Thermoplastics such as polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be processed relatively easily and quickly, for example in an injection molding process.
- thermoplastics are recyclable and therefore sustainable.
- the thermoplastic is polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
- PPS is characterized in particular by its low water absorption capacity and its high resistance to aggressive media.
- the anode gas feed pump and thus also the separation element can come into contact with acidic media whose pH value can be between 3 and 7. Due to its relatively high acid resistance, PPS is therefore particularly suitable as a plastic matrix for a separation element of an anode gas feed pump for a fuel cell system.
- the separating element is a can that is arranged in an air gap between the motor rotor and the motor stator.
- the can is open at both ends and is mounted on both sides, preferably with a seal in between, in the pump housing of the anode gas feed pump.
- the design of the can that is open on both sides enables the drive shaft connecting the feed wheel and the motor rotor to be mounted directly at two different, axially spaced locations in the pump housing, which would not be possible, for example, if a can were used instead of the can.
- the motor rotor space formed inside the can and the motor stator space formed outside the can are fluidically separated from one another.
- a can is therefore advantageous from a design, manufacturing and structural point of view.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view through the rotation axis of the anode gas feed pump according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows a first section of the electronics-side bearing of the separation element of the anode gas feed pump of Figure 1,
- Figure 3 shows a second section of the conveyor wheel-side bearing of the separating element of the anode gas feed pump of Figure 1, and
- Figure 4 shows the schematic structure of the composite material of the separation element of the anode gas feed pump of Figure 1.
- FIG 1 shows an electric anode gas feed pump 10 that is used as a hydrogen recirculation blower in a fuel cell system.
- the anode gas feed pump 10 comprises a multi-part pump housing 12 that has a cylindrical inner pump housing part 122 and an outer pump housing part 121, the inner pump housing part 122 being inserted into a central, cylindrical opening 123 of the outer pump housing part 121.
- the anode gas feed pump 10 further comprises an electric drive motor 25 with a cylindrical motor rotor 26 and an annular motor stator 28 that circumferentially encloses the motor rotor 26.
- the motor rotor 26 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a feed wheel 15 arranged in a pump chamber 18 by means of a drive shaft 14, the drive shaft 14 being mounted in the pump housing 12 by means of two roller bearings 141, 142.
- the first roller bearing 141 is arranged in a corresponding cylindrical bearing seat 1211 of the outer pump housing part 121, whereas the second roller bearing 142 is arranged in a corresponding bearing seat 1221 of the inner pump housing part 122.
- the anode gas feed pump 10 has a separating element 20 which is formed by a thin-walled, hollow cylindrical split tube 22 made of a composite material V.
- the split tube 22 is mounted on both sides in the pump housing 12, the split tube 22 being mounted at its impeller-side end 222 in the inner pump housing part 122 and at its electronics-side end 221 in the outer pump housing part 121, with a seal 30, 32 being arranged at both ends 221, 222 between the split tube 22 and the pump housing 12.
- a motor rotor chamber 124 and a motor stator chamber 126 fluidically separated from the motor rotor chamber 124 are formed within the pump housing 12 by means of the split tube 22.
- the motor rotor chamber 124 is in fluid communication with the pump chamber 18, whereby the motor rotor chamber 124 is filled with the hydrogen or a hydrogen-nitrogen-water mixture flowing from the pump chamber 18 along the drive shaft 14 into the motor rotor chamber 124.
- the rolling bearings 141, 142, the motor rotor 26, the drive shaft 14 and the radial inner wall 23 of the can 22 are thus in direct contact with the hydrogen-oxygen-water mixture in the motor rotor chamber 124.
- An electronics chamber 128 is also formed in the pump housing 12, in which the power electronics 40 for controlling the electric drive motor 25 is arranged, wherein the electronics chamber 128 has no fluid connection to the motor rotor chamber 124, so that the power electronics 40 cannot come into contact with the hydrogen-nitrogen-water mixture.
- the electronics-side end 221 of the split tube 22 is shown in Figure 2.
- the outer pump housing part 121 has a first annular collar 1214 extending axially in the direction of the split tube 22, which radially encloses the split tube 22 at its electronics-side end 221 and on whose radial inner wall 1216 the first seal 30 formed by an O-ring 31 rests sealingly.
- the split tube 22 has a radially outwardly extending projection 224 which has an axial Forms a contact surface 225 for the seal 30.
- the first seal 30 rests against the radial outer wall 223 of the can 22.
- the radial inner wall 1216 of the annular collar 1214, the axial contact surface 225 and the radial outer wall 223 form a first annular seal seat 34 in which the first seal 30 sits. Consequently, the first seal 30 seals the motor rotor chamber 124 against the motor stator chamber 126 on the electronics side.
- the outer pump housing part 121 has a second annular collar 1218 extending axially in the direction of the can 22 and being radially enclosed by the can 22.
- Figure 3 shows the impeller-side end 222 of the split tube 22, on which a third annular collar 1222 extends axially from the inner pump housing part 122 in the direction of the split tube 22, which radially encloses the split tube 22 at its impeller-side end 222.
- the inner pump housing part 122 has a fourth annular collar 1224 extending axially in the direction of the split tube 22, on the radial outer wall 1225 of which the second seal 32 formed by a second O-ring 33 rests sealingly.
- the split tube 22 has a radially inwardly extending projection 226 which forms an axial contact surface 227 for the second seal 32.
- the second seal 32 rests sealingly on a radial inner wall 228 of the split tube 22.
- the radial outer wall 1225 of the collar 1224, the axial contact surface 227 of the projection 226 and the radial inner wall 228 of the can 22 thus form a second annular sealing seat 36 in which the second seal 32 sits. Consequently, the second seal 32 seals the motor rotor chamber 124 against the motor stator chamber 126 on the conveyor wheel side.
- FIG 4 shows the composite material V from which the separating element 20 is made.
- the composite material V consists of an insulating plastic matrix K made of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with embedded electrically conductive fillers F made of graphite G, whereby the graphite content of the composite material V is 35%. Due to the addition of graphite G, the electrical conductivity of the composite material V is over ICT 8 S/m and the surface resistance R of the composite material V is approximately 10 8 Q, whereby the composite material V and thus the separating element 20 is able to balance out electrostatic charges e that have collected on the surface A of the composite material V using the anode gas. Such electrostatic charges e can lead to discharges and thus to sparking between the component surfaces, for example due to high potential differences between the electric motor 25 and the can 22.
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- the graphite content of 35%, the electrical conductivity of over IO -8 S/m and the resulting surface resistance R of the composite material V of 10 8 Q determine the extent to which the electrical charge carriers e from the surface A of the composite material V are balanced by the anode gas flowing past, the parameters mentioned being chosen in such a way that overheating of the separating element 20 due to the excitation of dipole molecules in the composite material V is prevented.
- the balancing of the electrostatic charges e ensures that the hydrogen-oxygen-water mixture which is formed in the event of leaks in the motor rotor chamber 124 and which represents an ignitable gas mixture is not ignited by an electrostatic discharge on the can 22 and the sparks which result from this.
- the composite material V has a water absorption capacity of less than 0.05%, which means that the water in the hydrogen-nitrogen-water mixture cannot penetrate into the composite material V in relevant quantities and cause dimensional changes.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112023005950.0T DE112023005950A5 (de) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Elektrische Anodengasförderpumpe für ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
| PCT/EP2023/056137 WO2024188418A1 (de) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Elektrische anodengasförderpumpe für ein brennstoffzellensystem |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/056137 WO2024188418A1 (de) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Elektrische anodengasförderpumpe für ein brennstoffzellensystem |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024188418A1 true WO2024188418A1 (de) | 2024-09-19 |
Family
ID=85640959
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/056137 Ceased WO2024188418A1 (de) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Elektrische anodengasförderpumpe für ein brennstoffzellensystem |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE112023005950A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024188418A1 (de) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3243617A1 (de) * | 1982-11-25 | 1984-05-30 | Hermetic-Pumpen Gmbh, 7803 Gundelfingen | Pumpe zum foerdern hochkorrosiver medien |
| JP2012213272A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-01 | Ebara Corp | キャンド構造の回転電機 |
| DE102013214190A1 (de) | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Wasserführendes Haushaltsgerät mit mit einer ein Spaltrohr aufweisenden Pumpeinheit |
| DE202019102041U1 (de) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-15 | Sensor-Technik Wiedemann Gmbh | Elektrische Maschine |
| WO2021219449A1 (de) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-11-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Spaltrohr |
-
2023
- 2023-03-10 WO PCT/EP2023/056137 patent/WO2024188418A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-10 DE DE112023005950.0T patent/DE112023005950A5/de active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3243617A1 (de) * | 1982-11-25 | 1984-05-30 | Hermetic-Pumpen Gmbh, 7803 Gundelfingen | Pumpe zum foerdern hochkorrosiver medien |
| JP2012213272A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-01 | Ebara Corp | キャンド構造の回転電機 |
| DE102013214190A1 (de) | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Wasserführendes Haushaltsgerät mit mit einer ein Spaltrohr aufweisenden Pumpeinheit |
| DE202019102041U1 (de) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-15 | Sensor-Technik Wiedemann Gmbh | Elektrische Maschine |
| WO2021219449A1 (de) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-11-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Spaltrohr |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112023005950A5 (de) | 2026-01-15 |
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