WO2024161421A1 - Antioxidant composition for oils - Google Patents
Antioxidant composition for oils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024161421A1 WO2024161421A1 PCT/IN2024/050089 IN2024050089W WO2024161421A1 WO 2024161421 A1 WO2024161421 A1 WO 2024161421A1 IN 2024050089 W IN2024050089 W IN 2024050089W WO 2024161421 A1 WO2024161421 A1 WO 2024161421A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- antioxidant composition
- wax
- oils
- oxidative deterioration
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000001575 punica granatum l. bark extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PZNPLUBHRSSFHT-RRHRGVEJSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PZNPLUBHRSSFHT-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940092258 rosemary extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000020748 rosemary extract Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001233 rosmarinus officinalis l. extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 158
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000241 Punicalagin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZJVUMAFASBFUBG-OGJBWQGYSA-N punicalagin Chemical compound C([C@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H]2OC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C11)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C2C2=C(O)C(O)=C(OC3=O)C4=C2C(=O)OC2=C4C3=C1C(O)=C2O ZJVUMAFASBFUBG-OGJBWQGYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LMIBIMUSUFYFJN-RSVYENFWSA-N punicalagin Natural products O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2COC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3c4c(O)cc5OC(=O)c6c(c(O)c(O)c7OC(=O)c4c5c67)c8c(O)c(O)c(O)cc8C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]9OC(=O)c%10cc(O)c(O)c(O)c%10c%11c(O)c(O)c(O)cc%11C(=O)O[C@@H]19 LMIBIMUSUFYFJN-RSVYENFWSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZRKSVMFLACVUIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N punicalagin isomer Natural products OC1=C(O)C(=C2C3=4)OC(=O)C=4C4=C(O)C(O)=C3OC(=O)C2=C1C1=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C1C(=O)OC1C2OC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(O)OC1COC(=O)C1=CC4=C(O)C(O)=C1O ZRKSVMFLACVUIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 57
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 244000294611 Punica granatum Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000014360 Punica granatum Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dpph Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N]N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- AFSDNFLWKVMVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ellagic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(OC2=O)=C3C4=C2C=C(O)C(O)=C4OC(=O)C3=C1 AFSDNFLWKVMVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001968 ellagitannin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017807 phytochemicals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930000223 plant secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMGCAHRKIVCLFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-Galloylcastalagin Natural products Oc1cc(cc(O)c1O)C(=O)OC2C3OC(=O)c4c2c(O)c(O)c(O)c4c5c(O)c(O)c(O)c6c5C(=O)OC3C7OC(=O)c8cc(O)c(O)c(O)c8c9c(O)c(O)c(O)cc9C(=O)OCC7OC(=O)c%10cc(O)c(O)c(O)c6%10 JMGCAHRKIVCLFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHHURQMJLARIDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)O GHHURQMJLARIDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003276 Apios tuberosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010744 Arachis villosulicarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002079 Ellagic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJXMQHAMYVHRX-CPCISQLKSA-N Ellagic acid Natural products OC1=C(O)[C@H]2OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c4OC(=O)C(=C1)[C@H]2c34 ATJXMQHAMYVHRX-CPCISQLKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010019851 Hepatotoxicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001028 anti-proliverative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000828 canola oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019519 canola oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004132 ellagic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002852 ellagic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JMGCAHRKIVCLFW-CNWXVVPTSA-N ellagitannin Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)O[C@H]2C3=C4C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]2[C@@H]5OC(=O)C6=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C6C6=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C6C(=O)OC[C@H]5OC(=O)C5=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C5C=5C(O)=C(O)C(O)=C(C=5C(=O)O2)C4=C(O)C(O)=C3O)=C1 JMGCAHRKIVCLFW-CNWXVVPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N flavonol Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002216 flavonol derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011957 flavonols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007686 hepatotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000304 hepatotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- FAARLWTXUUQFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylellagic acid Natural products O1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C3=C2C2=C1C(OC)=C(O)C=C2C(=O)O3 FAARLWTXUUQFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- KNMNNEPMKDJBDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-amine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCNC(C)COC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C KNMNNEPMKDJBDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010461 other edible oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004792 oxidative damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009048 phenolic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007965 phenolic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013525 pomegranate juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000722 protumoral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0085—Substances of natural origin of unknown constitution, f.i. plant extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
- A23B2/725—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B2/729—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23B2/733—Compounds of undetermined constitution obtained from animals or plants
Definitions
- antioxidant composition relates to antioxidant composition and more particularly relates to antioxidant composition for oils.
- the present invention also relates to a process for making the same.
- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Edible oils are susceptible to rancidity during storage that causes oils to degrade. Oil oxidation and hydrolysis are the main causes of rancidity. Hydrolysis is catalyzed by enzyme lipase that can be suppressed by heating or refining. Oxidation involves a series of chemical reactions that require oxygen. Oxidation is the main cause of deterioration of oil. Preventing oxidation of oil is important to improve the oil quality and period of preservation.
- antioxidants there is a need of an antioxidant to minimize oxidative degradation of oils.
- Antioxidants inhibit oxidation reactions through various mechanisms. They typically increase shelf life and preserve the quality of oils.
- Synthetic antioxidants such as BHT, BHA and TBHQ are well-known antioxidants used in oil to prevent oxidative deterioration of oils. Nevertheless, the incorporation of synthetic antioxidants into fats and oils is subject to FSSAI tolerance limitations, as the use of synthetic antioxidants has been reported to demonstrate potential tumor- promoting effects. Therefore, there is need of a natural antioxidant to avoid oxidation of oils. Natural antioxidants are widely present in fruits and vegetables.
- WO2017156059A1 to Saberi Amir teaches a stabilized Canola oil including polyunsaturated fatty acids and oil-soluble antioxidants.
- the invention discloses an oil soluble antioxidant composition. However, not all antioxidants are soluble in oil.
- the Chinese Application No. CN104911027A to Liu Jianhong et al. teaches a method for enhancing oxidation resistance of edible vegetable oil or fish oil by using natural antioxidant.
- the invention discloses dissolving hydrophilic natural antioxidant powder in polar oil (propylene glycol caprylate, etc.). Propylene glycol disclosed in the said patent application has been reported to cause potential adverse effects in infants and pregnant women. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a rich source of valuable nutritional substances.
- Pomegranate peels are rich in phytochemicals such as polyphenols, ellagic acid, ellagitannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, minerals, etc. that impart various bioactive health effects. These phytochemicals attribute to increased antioxidant activity of pomegranate peels than the arils and seeds of the fruit. The most abundant and potent antioxidant among these polyphenols is found to be punicalagin. Punicalagin also possesses anti-inflammatory and anti- proliferative properties.
- the present invention relates to an antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils, the antioxidant composition including an inert carrier, a pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and optionally containing additive/s.
- the inert carrier is a wax wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax.
- the additive includes, without limitation, one or more selected from soy lecithin, rosemary extract and the like.
- the antioxidant composition wherein the ratio of wax to pomegranate peel extract is 1:0.01to 1:5.
- a method for preparation of the antioxidant composition wherein pomegranate peel extract is added to wax and heated to obtain molten antioxidant composition; molten antioxidant composition is added to a cold pressed oil, wherein excess quantity of molten mass sediments, sedimented molten mass is separated from treated cold pressed oil by decantation, filtration or centrifugation separating the supernatant oil with pomegranate peel extract, which is a premix for treating cold pressed oil for preventing oxidative deterioration.
- the method for preparation of the antioxidant comprising following steps: melting a wax as a carrier; adding pomegranate peel extract powder and optional additive/s accompanied by mixing in the molten wax to obtain a molten antioxidant composition; the molten antioxidant composition is allowed to cool, preferably in defined moulds to get pellets or granules.
- the method for preparation of the antioxidant composition wherein: one or more of the wax is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax; the additive/s is/are one or more selected from the group consisting of soy lecithin and rosemary extract.
- a method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils wherein the steps comprise as follows: adding the antioxidant composition pellet/granules to small quantity of oil under heating and stirring to dissolve pellets/granules; adding additional oil to dilute under continuous stirring for preventing oxidative deterioration.
- the method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils wherein:0.8 to 1.2 g pellets/granules are added to 100 g of cold pressed oil; melting the pellets/granules by application of heat under stirring; adding 900 g of cold pressed oil to the oil of step (b) under stirring wherein cold pressed oil being one or more selected from the group consisting of groundnut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, flax oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algal oil and other non-food oils.
- the carrier comprises one or more wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax.
- a pellet/granule of antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil including pomegranate peel extract, an inert carrier, emulsifier and optionally additives.
- the pellet/granule of antioxidant composition wherein, the pomegranate peel extract has punicalaginin 10-50% purity as determined by HPLC.
- the inert carrier includes one or more wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax.
- the emulsifier comprises soy lecithin.
- the additive comprises rosemary extract.
- the pellet/granule of antioxidant composition wherein, the wax to pomegranate peel extract ratio is 1:0.01 to 1:5.
- Soy-lecithin is present in a quantity of 0.5g per 1 to 8 g of mixture of wax and pomegranate peel extract.
- DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition having pomegranate peel extract with inert carrier and optionally containing additive/s.
- references in the specification to "one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or function described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention.
- the appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
- References in the specification to “preferred embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or function described in detail thereby omitting known constructions and functions for clear description of the present invention.
- the present invention provides an antioxidant composition from pomegranate peel extract.
- the present invention provides a process for preparation of the antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils.
- the antioxidant composition of the present invention includes: 1) a pomegranate peel extract; and 2) a carrier.
- the pomegranate peel extract is in the range of 0.01 to 5g.
- the carrier is a wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax in a quantity of 1 to 1.1 gm.
- the ratio of wax to pomegranate peel extract is 1:1 to 1:2.
- the antioxidant composition of the present invention also includes emulsifier soy lecithin in a quantity of 0.5 g.
- the antioxidant composition of the present invention further includes rosemary extract in a quantity of 2 g.
- the pomegranate peel extract includes polyphenols that are responsible for antioxidant activity. The polyphenols prevent oxidation of oils that cause rancidity or deterioration of oils. Wax acts as a carrier and aids in solubility of pomegranate peel extract in oils. Now a preferred process for the preparation of the antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils in accordance with the present invention is disclosed.
- the process for preparing the antioxidant composition to prevent oxidative deterioration of oils include the steps of: (a) melting a predefined amount of carrier at a predefined temperature; and (b) dissolving predefined quantity of pomegranate peel extract powder in the carrier to obtain the antioxidant composition;
- the carrier is wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax.
- the predefined amount is 1g that is heated at a predefined temperature of 65°C.
- the predefined quantity of pomegranate peel extract is 1 g.
- the predefined amount of oil is 40g wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of groundnut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, flax oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algal oil and other edible oils.
- step (c) the centrifugation is done at 10,000 rpm at 35°C.
- step (d) the resultant supernatant oil with pomegranate peel extract is considered as premix.
- step (e) the predefined amount of premix 27.28g is made up to 1000g using cold pressed oil.
- 1.1g of beeswax was molten and added with 0.5 g soy lecithin and 2 g of PPE. The mixture was allowed to solidify to get solid pellet/granules.
- 2 g of rosemary extract was added to above mixture to get solidified pellet/granules.
- the antioxidant pellets/granules are added to small quantity of cold pressed oil under continuous stirring and heating and further diluted with desired volume of cold pressed oil under stirring to obtain treated oil.
- EXAMPLES Only a few examples and implementations are disclosed. Variations, modifications, and enhancements to the described examples and implementations and other implementations can be made based on what is disclosed. Examples are set forth herein below and are illustrative of different amounts and types of reactants and reaction conditions that can be utilized in practicing the disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that the disclosure can be practiced with other amounts and types of reactants and reaction conditions than those used in the examples, and the resulting devices various different properties and uses in accordance with the disclosure above and as pointed out hereinafter.
- EXAMPLE 1 PREPARATION OF POMEGRANATE PEEL EXTRACT (PPE) Pomegranate peel extract is prepared by extracting from clean crushed pomegranate peels. The aqueous extract is clarified to remove solids. The clarified extract is purified to remove impurities. The purified extract is concentrated and dried in spray drier to give fine free flowing powder with moisture content less than 5 %. The extracted powder (moisture content ⁇ 5%) is then packed and stored. The extract powder contains punicalagin- an ellagitannin which is estimated using HPLC method. The highest purity standards were procured from Sigma-Aldrich to quantify punicalagin content. Samples were dissolved in HPLC grade methanol: water (1:1) at 500 ppm concentration.
- the solution is filtered in 0.45 um nylon syringe filter. 20 ⁇ l solution volume is injected in HPLC system via auto sampler. Analysis was carried out in an HPLC System-Shimadzu-P series coupled with a photodiode array detector (PDA) and an auto sampler. Separations were performed on a Symmetry C-18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 ⁇ m).
- the mobile phase for the separation of punicalagin consisted of mobile phase-A: 1% V/V TFA in water and mobile phase- B: 1% V/V TFA in methanol. The optimum absorption wavelength of punicalagin was 378 nm.
- the mixture was centrifuged to settle the beeswax along with some portion of PPE.
- the supernatant was separated that contained some solubilized PPE.
- the supernatant obtained was 34.53g.27.28g of supernatant was diluted to 1000g with CPGN oil to obtain treated oil (1 st dilution).
- This stock was further diluted to get 7 serial dilutions.
- DDPH scavenging method The DPPH scavenging activity is carried out according to AOAC guidelines. The method is known in the art where the samples are treated with methanolic DPPH solution and kept in dark for 30 min. The absorbance is read at 517 nm against methanol blank.
- % DPPH scavenging activity Absorbance(control) - Absorbance(test) ⁇ 100 Absorbance(control)
- the enriched oil sample up to 5 th dilution showed activity at par with that of oil treated with 200 ppm TBHQ and 200 ppm BHA which are industry standard to prevent oxidation of the oils.
- EXAMPLE 3 PEROXIDE VALUE (PV) The treated oil sample was tested for its peroxide value under ambient conditions as well as in stability chamber kept at 38° C and RH 65% for 10 days with a control of TBHQ and BHA treated oils (200ppm). Peroxides released in the oil samples are determined by FSSAI 02.042:2021 method.
- EXAMPLE 4 ACID VALUE (AV) AND FREE FATTY ACID (FFA) ANALYSIS Acid value of oil samples is determined by the modified method FSSAI 02.009:2021. It was found that treated oil showed similar acid value and FFA value to that of TBHQ and BHA treated oil.
- EXAMPLE 5 IODINE VALUE Iodine value is determined by the FSSAI 02.010:2021 method. The treated oil and TBHQ and BHA treated oil showed similar Iodine value during stability study of 10 days.
- EXAMPLE 6 TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT Total phenolic content is determined by Iqbal S. et al.
- EXAMPLE 7 FRYING ANALYSIS: Frying analysis is conducted to study the formation of peroxides before and after heating oil during food preparation by PV values. PPE treated oil of first dilution and CPGN (control) are used for frying study. Oil samples heated up to 180 ⁇ 10 °C in iron vessel.80 gm of dehydrated cabbage is fried initially up to 12 min with further heating for 1 hour at 180 °C. After heating for 1 hour, oil samples are analyzed for PV values. Table 2. Frying experiment analysis data Oil Samples CPGN Oil PPE treated oil Before After Before After heating heating heating heating heating PV (meq/ kg) 2.71 20.85 2.87 17.36 The results obtained after heating PPE treated oil showed less PV values compared to the CPGN oil (control).
- EXAMPLE 8 PV ANALYSIS OF PPE TREATED - SUNFLOWER OIL, SAFFLOWER OIL AND COCONUT OIL PV values are determined for PPE treated oil in Sunflower oil, Safflower oil and coconut oil. Similar experiment as stated in Example 3 is performed to determine the PV value by heating at 105 °C for 1 hr 30 min. Cold pressed groundnut oil is replaced with the respective oils as mentioned in this example. Table 3.
- EXAMPLE 9 ANTIOXIDANT COMPOSITIONPELLET/GRANULES NAMED AS OIL SAHAYAK: The preparation of the enriched oil of Example 2, created a bulk of wax+ PPE which made the product unviable economically and created burden of its disposal hence a new method of incorporation of PPE in oil was thought as given in Example 9.
- EXAMPLE 10 INCORPORATION OF OIL SAHAYAK IN OIL: 0.8 grams of the solidified carrier mentioned in Example 9 (2) was placed into a beaker and heated on a hot plate until it melted. Then, 100 g of hot oil was introduced into the beaker. The mixture was allowed to cool while being stirred with a magnetic stirrer. After complete cooling, an additional 900 g of oil was slowly incorporated into the mixture while stirring continuously.
- the prepared oil is antioxidant rich oil labelled as PR 1.
- EXAMPLE 11 In a variation of Example 10, The 1.2 g of PPE solidified mass mentioned in example 9 (2) was dissolved in 100gm of hot oil under stirring and after cooling down 900gm oil was added under stirring to make 1000gm of oil. The said oil is enriched oil labeled as PR 2.
- EXAMPLE 12 CARNAUBA WAX AND PARAFFIN WAX 2 gm of PPE was added to molten 1.1 gm carnauba wax along with 2 gm of rosemary extract and 0.5 gm of soy lecithin. The mixture was allowed to cool down. 20 mg of the above solidified mass was taken in a beaker and allowed to melt on hot plate and to it 10 gm of hot oil was added.
- the mixture was allowed to cool down using magnetic stirrer. After complete cooling 15 gm oil was gradually added to it under stirring condition only. 2 gm of PPE was added to molten 1.1 gm paraffin wax along with 2 gm of rosemary extract and 0.5 gm of soy lecithin. The mixture was allowed to cool down. 20 mg of the above solidified paste was taken in a beaker and allowed to melt on hot plate and to it 10 gm of hot oil was added. The mixture was allowed to cool down using magnetic stirrer. After complete cooling, 15 gm oil was gradually added to it under stirring condition only. These two oils were kept in oven at 80 °C for 4 hr. and subjected to Peroxide value.
- EXAMPLE 13 PEROXIDE VALUE, AV, FFA AND IODINE VALUE OF THE ENRICHED OIL SAMPLES PR 1, PR2, TBHQ TREATED OIL (200PPM) AND PLAIN CONTROL OIL
- the PV value in control (CPGN oil) is observed to be 0.48 meq/kg on day 0 and increased significantly to 4.48 meq/kg on day 60 that is found to be highest among the other treated samples. However, PV values of all the samples numerically increased with storage period from day 0 to day 60. PR 1 and PR 2 seem to have lower PV values compared to the control.
- AV values and FFA values are observed to be similar to control (CPGN oil) and all treated oil samples i.e., PR 1 and PR 2 (natural antioxidant), TBHQ (synthetic antioxidants). No variation in iodine value was observed across all samples, including the 5 control, following a 60-day incubation period.
- Table 4. PV, AV, FFA and Iodine value analysis CPGN oil TBHQ (200 PPM) Amb Stb Amb Stb No.
- the antioxidant composition of the present invention inhibits the oxidation process in oils that lead to rancidity and deterioration of oils.
- the natural antioxidant composition having pomegranate peel extract solves the problems associated with use of synthetic antioxidants in oils.
- Use of the wax as carrier helps in solubilizing the pomegranate peel extract that addresses the issues arising out of using carriers like pyrogallol that are hazardous to health.
- the embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the present invention and its practical application, to thereby enable to utilize the present invention in a way best known to the inventors and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
- the examples are illustrative of the way in which this invention can be practiced and do not limit the scope of the claims in any way and equivalents to the same that do not depart from the scope of the present invention are included within the scope of the invention covered within this specification.
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils The composition includes an inert carrier, a pomegranate peel extract and optionally includes additive/s. The inert carrier is a wax wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax. The additive is selected from one or more of soy lecithin, rosemary extract and the like. The antioxidant composition is cost effective, easily available, non-hazardous and prevents rancidity of oils. The antioxidant composition is in the form of pellets or granules.
Description
“ANTIOXIDANT COMPOSITION FOR OILS” FIELD OF THE INVENTION: The present invention relates to antioxidant composition and more particularly relates to antioxidant composition for oils. The present invention also relates to a process for making the same. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION: Edible oils are susceptible to rancidity during storage that causes oils to degrade. Oil oxidation and hydrolysis are the main causes of rancidity. Hydrolysis is catalyzed by enzyme lipase that can be suppressed by heating or refining. Oxidation involves a series of chemical reactions that require oxygen. Oxidation is the main cause of deterioration of oil. Preventing oxidation of oil is important to improve the oil quality and period of preservation. There is a need of an antioxidant to minimize oxidative degradation of oils. Antioxidants inhibit oxidation reactions through various mechanisms. They typically increase shelf life and preserve the quality of oils. Synthetic antioxidants such as BHT, BHA and TBHQ are well-known antioxidants used in oil to prevent oxidative deterioration of oils. Nevertheless, the incorporation of synthetic antioxidants into fats and oils is subject to FSSAI tolerance limitations, as the use of synthetic antioxidants has been reported to demonstrate potential tumor- promoting effects. Therefore, there is need of a natural antioxidant to avoid oxidation of oils. Natural antioxidants are widely present in fruits and vegetables.
The PCT Application No. WO2017156059A1 to Saberi Amir teaches a stabilized Canola oil including polyunsaturated fatty acids and oil-soluble antioxidants. The invention discloses an oil soluble antioxidant composition. However, not all antioxidants are soluble in oil. The Chinese Application No. CN104911027A to Liu Jianhong et al. teaches a method for enhancing oxidation resistance of edible vegetable oil or fish oil by using natural antioxidant. The invention discloses dissolving hydrophilic natural antioxidant powder in polar oil (propylene glycol caprylate, etc.). Propylene glycol disclosed in the said patent application has been reported to cause potential adverse effects in infants and pregnant women. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a rich source of valuable nutritional substances. It contains tannins, flavonols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, complex polysaccharides and organic acids. Various studies have reported presence of high concentration of phenolic compounds in pomegranate peel compared to pomegranate juice. Pomegranate peels are rich in phytochemicals such as polyphenols, ellagic acid, ellagitannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, minerals, etc. that impart various bioactive health effects. These phytochemicals attribute to increased antioxidant activity of pomegranate peels than the arils and seeds of the fruit. The most abundant and potent antioxidant among these polyphenols is found to be punicalagin. Punicalagin also possesses anti-inflammatory and anti- proliferative properties. The major challenge in using natural antioxidant to prevent oil deterioration is many natural antioxidants are not soluble in oil and precipitate during storage. To
overcome the solubility issue, researchers have used chemical additives or synthetic carriers or solvents to solubilize pomegranate peel or punicalagin in oil. A study conducted by Mansouri R. A. discloses pyrogallol as a carrier to solubilize punicalagin in olive oil. Administering pyrogallol orally is harmful as it leads to oxidative damage and induces mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and hepato-toxicity. Thus, there is a need of a natural antioxidant composition to stabilize oils by preventing oxidative deterioration of oils. There is a need of an inert, non-toxic and safe carrier for the antioxidant composition. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils, the antioxidant composition including an inert carrier, a pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and optionally containing additive/s. In the antioxidant composition, the inert carrier is a wax wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax. The additive includes, without limitation, one or more selected from soy lecithin, rosemary extract and the like. The antioxidant composition, wherein the ratio of wax to pomegranate peel extract is 1:0.01to 1:5. A method for preparation of the antioxidant composition wherein pomegranate peel extract is added to wax and heated to obtain molten antioxidant composition; molten antioxidant composition is added to a cold pressed oil, wherein excess quantity of molten mass sediments, sedimented molten mass is separated from treated cold pressed oil by decantation, filtration or centrifugation separating the supernatant oil with pomegranate peel
extract, which is a premix for treating cold pressed oil for preventing oxidative deterioration. The method for preparation of the antioxidant; wherein the cold pressed oil being selected from one or more of the group consisting of groundnut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, flax oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algal oil and other food and non-food oils. A method for preparation of the antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils, comprising following steps: melting a wax as a carrier; adding pomegranate peel extract powder and optional additive/s accompanied by mixing in the molten wax to obtain a molten antioxidant composition; the molten antioxidant composition is allowed to cool, preferably in defined moulds to get pellets or granules. The method for preparation of the antioxidant composition wherein: one or more of the wax is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax; the additive/s is/are one or more selected from the group consisting of soy lecithin and rosemary extract. A method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils, wherein the steps comprise as follows: adding the antioxidant composition pellet/granules to small quantity of oil under heating and stirring to dissolve pellets/granules; adding additional oil to dilute under continuous stirring for preventing oxidative deterioration. The method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils wherein:0.8 to 1.2 g pellets/granules are added to 100 g of cold pressed oil; melting the pellets/granules by application of heat under stirring; adding 900 g of cold pressed oil to the oil of step (b) under stirring wherein cold pressed oil being one or more selected from the group consisting of groundnut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil,
sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, flax oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algal oil and other non-food oils. The method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils wherein the carrier comprises one or more wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax. A pellet/granule of antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil. The pellet/granule of antioxidant composition including pomegranate peel extract, an inert carrier, emulsifier and optionally additives. The pellet/granule of antioxidant composition wherein, the pomegranate peel extract has punicalaginin 10-50% purity as determined by HPLC. The inert carrier includes one or more wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax. The emulsifier comprises soy lecithin. The additive comprises rosemary extract.The pellet/granule of antioxidant composition wherein, the wax to pomegranate peel extract ratio is 1:0.01 to 1:5. Soy-lecithin is present in a quantity of 0.5g per 1 to 8 g of mixture of wax and pomegranate peel extract. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition having pomegranate peel extract with inert carrier and optionally containing additive/s. The foregoing objects of the present invention are accomplished and the problems and shortcomings associated with the prior art, techniques and approaches are overcome by the present invention as described below in the preferred embodiments.
All materials used herein were commercially purchased as described herein or prepared from commercially purchased materials as described herein. Although specific terms are used in the following description for sake of clarity, these terms are intended to refer only to particular structure of the invention selected for illustration in the drawings and are not intended to define or limit the scope of the invention. References in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or function described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. References in the specification to “preferred embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or function described in detail thereby omitting known constructions and functions for clear description of the present invention. The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the precise forms disclosed and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. In one aspect, the present invention provides an antioxidant composition from pomegranate peel extract.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparation of the antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils. In accordance with an embodiment, the antioxidant composition of the present invention includes: 1) a pomegranate peel extract; and 2) a carrier. In this preferred embodiment, the pomegranate peel extract is in the range of 0.01 to 5g. The carrier is a wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax in a quantity of 1 to 1.1 gm. In the preferred embodiment, the ratio of wax to pomegranate peel extract is 1:1 to 1:2. In another embodiment, the antioxidant composition of the present invention also includes emulsifier soy lecithin in a quantity of 0.5 g. In yet another embodiment, the antioxidant composition of the present invention further includes rosemary extract in a quantity of 2 g. The pomegranate peel extract includes polyphenols that are responsible for antioxidant activity. The polyphenols prevent oxidation of oils that cause rancidity or deterioration of oils. Wax acts as a carrier and aids in solubility of pomegranate peel extract in oils. Now a preferred process for the preparation of the antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils in accordance with the present invention is disclosed. The process for preparing the antioxidant composition to prevent oxidative deterioration of oils include the steps of:
(a) melting a predefined amount of carrier at a predefined temperature; and (b) dissolving predefined quantity of pomegranate peel extract powder in the carrier to obtain the antioxidant composition; In step (a), the carrier is wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax. The predefined amount is 1g that is heated at a predefined temperature of 65°C.In step (b), the predefined quantity of pomegranate peel extract is 1 g. Now a preferred process for incorporation of the antioxidant composition in oils for preventing oxidative deterioration in accordance with the present invention is disclosed. (a) adding a predefined amount of molten antioxidant composition to a predefined amount of oil; (b) recovering the solidified carrier by centrifugation; (c) separating the supernatant oil with pomegranate peel extract considered as premix from the solidified carrier; (d) adding a predefined amount of the premix i.e., pomegranate peel extract in oil to a predefined amount of cold pressed oil to make up the volume to obtain treated oil. The predefined amount of oil is 40g wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of groundnut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, flax oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algal oil and other edible oils. In step (c), the centrifugation is done at 10,000 rpm at 35°C.In step (d), the resultant
supernatant oil with pomegranate peel extract is considered as premix. In step (e), the predefined amount of premix 27.28g is made up to 1000g using cold pressed oil. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, 1.1g of beeswax was molten and added with 0.5 g soy lecithin and 2 g of PPE. The mixture was allowed to solidify to get solid pellet/granules. In yet another embodiment 2 g of rosemary extract was added to above mixture to get solidified pellet/granules. In yet another embodiment of the present invention the antioxidant pellets/granules are added to small quantity of cold pressed oil under continuous stirring and heating and further diluted with desired volume of cold pressed oil under stirring to obtain treated oil. EXAMPLES: Only a few examples and implementations are disclosed. Variations, modifications, and enhancements to the described examples and implementations and other implementations can be made based on what is disclosed. Examples are set forth herein below and are illustrative of different amounts and types of reactants and reaction conditions that can be utilized in practicing the disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that the disclosure can be practiced with other amounts and types of reactants and reaction conditions than those used in the examples, and the resulting devices various different properties and uses in accordance with the disclosure above and as pointed out hereinafter.
EXAMPLE 1: PREPARATION OF POMEGRANATE PEEL EXTRACT (PPE) Pomegranate peel extract is prepared by extracting from clean crushed pomegranate peels. The aqueous extract is clarified to remove solids. The clarified extract is purified to remove impurities. The purified extract is concentrated and dried in spray drier to give fine free flowing powder with moisture content less than 5 %. The extracted powder (moisture content < 5%) is then packed and stored. The extract powder contains punicalagin- an ellagitannin which is estimated using HPLC method. The highest purity standards were procured from Sigma-Aldrich to quantify punicalagin content. Samples were dissolved in HPLC grade methanol: water (1:1) at 500 ppm concentration. The solution is filtered in 0.45 um nylon syringe filter. 20 μl solution volume is injected in HPLC system via auto sampler. Analysis was carried out in an HPLC System-Shimadzu-P series coupled with a photodiode array detector (PDA) and an auto sampler. Separations were performed on a Symmetry C-18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase for the separation of punicalagin consisted of mobile phase-A: 1% V/V TFA in water and mobile phase- B: 1% V/V TFA in methanol. The optimum absorption wavelength of punicalagin was 378 nm. The recorded peaks were integrated to get the assay purity in the range from 10-50%." The nutritional parameters of the obtained PPE powder are given (Table 1):
Table 1. Chemical Composition of PPE Parameter Value Energy (Kcal/100g) 374.65 Sugar (%) 1.35 Fat (%) 1.25 Protein (%) 2.26 Carbohydrates (%) 88.59 EXAMPLE 2: PREPARATION OF THE POMEGRANATE PEEL EXTRACT (PPE) TREATED OIL AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY. 1 g beeswax was molten and mixed with 1 g PPE and to it 40 g of Cold pressed groundnut (CPGN) oil was added. The mixture was centrifuged to settle the beeswax along with some portion of PPE. The supernatant was separated that contained some solubilized PPE. The supernatant obtained was 34.53g.27.28g of supernatant was diluted to 1000g with CPGN oil to obtain treated oil (1st dilution). This stock was further diluted to get 7 serial dilutions. These dilutions were measured for their antioxidant activity by using DDPH scavenging method. The DPPH scavenging activity is carried out according to AOAC guidelines. The method is known in the art where the samples are treated with methanolic DPPH solution and kept in dark for 30 min. The absorbance is read at 517 nm against methanol blank. The activity was measured as % DPPH scavenging activity =Absorbance(control) - Absorbance(test) × 100 Absorbance(control)
The enriched oil sample up to 5th dilution showed activity at par with that of oil treated with 200 ppm TBHQ and 200 ppm BHA which are industry standard to prevent oxidation of the oils. EXAMPLE 3: PEROXIDE VALUE (PV) The treated oil sample was tested for its peroxide value under ambient conditions as well as in stability chamber kept at 38° C and RH 65% for 10 days with a control of TBHQ and BHA treated oils (200ppm). Peroxides released in the oil samples are determined by FSSAI 02.042:2021 method. The enriched oil showed reduced PV value at ambient condition and showed better control under stability. EXAMPLE 4: ACID VALUE (AV) AND FREE FATTY ACID (FFA) ANALYSIS Acid value of oil samples is determined by the modified method FSSAI 02.009:2021. It was found that treated oil showed similar acid value and FFA value to that of TBHQ and BHA treated oil. EXAMPLE 5: IODINE VALUE Iodine value is determined by the FSSAI 02.010:2021 method. The treated oil and TBHQ and BHA treated oil showed similar Iodine value during stability study of 10 days. EXAMPLE 6: TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT
Total phenolic content is determined by Iqbal S. et al. (Iqbal, S., Haleem, S., Akhtar, M., Zia-ul-Haq, M., & Akbar, J. (2008). Efficiency of pomegranate peel extracts in stabilization of sunflower oil under accelerated conditions. Food Research International, 41(2), 194-200). The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent is used to calculate the total phenolic content of PPE extracts. Results are computed as gallic acid equivalents (g/100 g) of extract using gallic acid as the standard. The total phenolic content present in the PPE is estimated to be 77.56 g of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g PPE (g GAE/100g PPE). EXAMPLE 7: FRYING ANALYSIS: Frying analysis is conducted to study the formation of peroxides before and after heating oil during food preparation by PV values. PPE treated oil of first dilution and CPGN (control) are used for frying study. Oil samples heated up to 180 ± 10 ℃ in iron vessel.80 gm of dehydrated cabbage is fried initially up to 12 min with further heating for 1 hour at 180 ℃. After heating for 1 hour, oil samples are analyzed for PV values. Table 2. Frying experiment analysis data Oil Samples CPGN Oil PPE treated oil Before After Before After heating heating heating heating PV (meq/ kg) 2.71 20.85 2.87 17.36 The results obtained after heating PPE treated oil showed less PV values compared to the CPGN oil (control). This indicates less generation of peroxides after treatment of PPE showing effective antioxidant activity.
EXAMPLE 8: PV ANALYSIS OF PPE TREATED - SUNFLOWER OIL, SAFFLOWER OIL AND COCONUT OIL PV values are determined for PPE treated oil in Sunflower oil, Safflower oil and Coconut oil. Similar experiment as stated in Example 3 is performed to determine the PV value by heating at 105 ℃ for 1 hr 30 min. Cold pressed groundnut oil is replaced with the respective oils as mentioned in this example. Table 3. Other oil PV (meq/ kg) analysis data Cold pressed Oil Sunflower Safflower Coconut Plain oil before heating 10.28 3.22 0.55 Plain oil after heating 12.42 10.05 1.03 PPE treated oil after heating 11.65 5.98 0.52 PPE treated safflower oil and PPE treated coconut oil showed significant reduction in PV values after heating compared to respective plain oil. Overall results obtained shows that incorporation of PPE in oil helps in inhibiting oxidation in various types of the oils. EXAMPLE 9: ANTIOXIDANT COMPOSITIONPELLET/GRANULES NAMED AS OIL SAHAYAK: The preparation of the enriched oil of Example 2, created a bulk of wax+ PPE which made the product unviable economically and created burden of its disposal hence a new method of incorporation of PPE in oil was thought as given in Example 9.
Composition 1 Pellet: 1.1g beeswax was molten and added with 0.5 g soy lecithin and 2 g PPE. The mixture was poured in suitable mould to get pellets after cooling. Composition 2 Pellet: 1.1g beeswax was molten and added with 0.5 g soy lecithin, 2 g PPE and 2 g rosemary extract. The mixture was poured in mould to get pellets after cooling. EXAMPLE 10: INCORPORATION OF OIL SAHAYAK IN OIL: 0.8 grams of the solidified carrier mentioned in Example 9 (2) was placed into a beaker and heated on a hot plate until it melted. Then, 100 g of hot oil was introduced into the beaker. The mixture was allowed to cool while being stirred with a magnetic stirrer. After complete cooling, an additional 900 g of oil was slowly incorporated into the mixture while stirring continuously. The prepared oil is antioxidant rich oil labelled as PR 1. EXAMPLE 11: In a variation of Example 10, The 1.2 g of PPE solidified mass mentioned in example 9 (2) was dissolved in 100gm of hot oil under stirring and after cooling down 900gm oil was added under stirring to make 1000gm of oil. The said oil is enriched oil labeled as PR 2. EXAMPLE 12: CARNAUBA WAX AND PARAFFIN WAX 2 gm of PPE was added to molten 1.1 gm carnauba wax along with 2 gm of rosemary extract and 0.5 gm of soy lecithin. The mixture was allowed to cool down.
20 mg of the above solidified mass was taken in a beaker and allowed to melt on hot plate and to it 10 gm of hot oil was added. The mixture was allowed to cool down using magnetic stirrer. After complete cooling 15 gm oil was gradually added to it under stirring condition only. 2 gm of PPE was added to molten 1.1 gm paraffin wax along with 2 gm of rosemary extract and 0.5 gm of soy lecithin. The mixture was allowed to cool down. 20 mg of the above solidified paste was taken in a beaker and allowed to melt on hot plate and to it 10 gm of hot oil was added. The mixture was allowed to cool down using magnetic stirrer. After complete cooling, 15 gm oil was gradually added to it under stirring condition only. These two oils were kept in oven at 80 ℃ for 4 hr. and subjected to Peroxide value. The peroxide value was found to be 1.8 and 2 meq/ kg of oil of carnauba wax and paraffin wax respectively. EXAMPLE 13: PEROXIDE VALUE, AV, FFA AND IODINE VALUE OF THE ENRICHED OIL SAMPLES PR 1, PR2, TBHQ TREATED OIL (200PPM) AND PLAIN CONTROL OIL The PV value in control (CPGN oil) is observed to be 0.48 meq/kg on day 0 and increased significantly to 4.48 meq/kg on day 60 that is found to be highest among the other treated samples. However, PV values of all the samples numerically increased with storage period from day 0 to day 60. PR 1 and PR 2 seem to have lower PV values compared to the control.
AV values and FFA values are observed to be similar to control (CPGN oil) and all treated oil samples i.e., PR 1 and PR 2 (natural antioxidant), TBHQ (synthetic antioxidants). No variation in iodine value was observed across all samples, including the 5 control, following a 60-day incubation period. Table 4. PV, AV, FFA and Iodine value analysis CPGN oil TBHQ (200 PPM) Amb Stb Amb Stb No. of days 0 20 60 20 60 20 60 20 60 PV(meq/ kg) 0.48 2.53 4.48 4.02 6.47 1.06 0.84 1.19 1.46 AV (mg NaOH/g) 1.73 2.46 3.18 2.3 2.51 2.36 2.58 2.35 2.39 FFA (%) 1.22 1.73 2.25 1.62 1.77 1.67 1.82 1.66 1.68 Iodine value (g Iodine/100 gm) 85.23 85.55 92.04 91.17 120.8 90.05 97.06 90.46 91.13 PR 1 PR 2 Amb Stb Amb Stb No. of days 20 60 20 60 20 60 20 60 PV(meq/ kg) 1.09 1.29 1.59 1.74 0.6 1.05 1.39 1.88 AV (mg NaOH/g) 2.13 2.27 2.17 2.31 2.15 2.28 2.05 2.07 FFA(%) 1.5 1.6 1.53 1.63 1.52 1.61 1.45 1.46 Iodine value (g Iodine/100 gm) 90.23 94.27 89.16 92.58 89.63 95.02 89.28 95.43
Amb: Storage at ambient temperature, Stb: Storage in stability chamber at 38°C and RH 65% Advantageously, the antioxidant composition of the present invention inhibits the oxidation process in oils that lead to rancidity and deterioration of oils. The natural antioxidant composition having pomegranate peel extract solves the problems associated with use of synthetic antioxidants in oils. Use of the wax as carrier helps in solubilizing the pomegranate peel extract that addresses the issues arising out of using carriers like pyrogallol that are hazardous to health. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the present invention and its practical application, to thereby enable to utilize the present invention in a way best known to the inventors and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The examples are illustrative of the way in which this invention can be practiced and do not limit the scope of the claims in any way and equivalents to the same that do not depart from the scope of the present invention are included within the scope of the invention covered within this specification.
Claims
CLAIMS: 1. An antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils, comprising: a. an inert carrier; b. a pomegranate peel extract; and c. optionally containing one or more additives.
2. The antioxidant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inert carrier includes a wax.
3. The antioxidant composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax.
4. The antioxidant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of soy lecithin and rosemary extract.
5. The antioxidant composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of wax to pomegranate peel extract is 1:0.01or 1:5.
6. A method for preparation of the antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils, comprising following steps: a. adding pomegranate peel extract to molten wax to obtain molten antioxidant composition; b. adding molten antioxidant composition to a cold pressed oil, wherein excess quantity of molten mass sediments; and
c. separating sedimented molten mass from treated cold pressed oil by decantation, filtration or centrifugation followed by separating the supernatant oil with pomegranate peel extract that is a premix for treating cold pressed oil for preventing oxidative deterioration.
7. A method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils, wherein the steps comprise as follows: a. adding the premix oil to the oil to be treated.
8. The method for preparation of the antioxidant composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein the cold pressed oil being selected one or more from the group consisting of groundnut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, flax oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algal oil and other food and non-food oils.
9. A method for preparation of the antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils, comprising following steps: a. melting a wax as a carrier; b. adding pomegranate peel extract powder and optional additive/s accompanied by mixing in the molten wax to obtain a molten antioxidant composition; and c. the molten antioxidant composition is allowed to cool, preferably in defined moulds to get pellets or granules.
10. The method for preparation of the antioxidant composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein:
a. one or more of the waxes is selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax; and b. the additive/s is/are one or more selected from the group consisting of soy lecithin and rosemary extract;
11. A method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils, wherein the steps comprise as follows: a. adding the antioxidant composition pellet/granules to small quantity of oil under heating and stirring to dissolve pellets/granules; and b. adding additional oil to dilute under continuous stirring for preventing oxidative deterioration.
12. The method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils as claimed in claim 11 wherein: a. adding pellets/granules of antioxidant composition in a range of 0.8 to 1.2 g to 100 g of cold pressed oil; b. melting the pellets/granules by application of heat under stirring; and c. adding 900 g of cold pressed oil to the oil of step (b) under stirring.
13. The method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils as claimed in claim 12 wherein cold pressed oil being one or more selected from the group consisting of groundnut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, flax oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algal oil and other non-food oils.
14. The method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils as claimed in claim 9, wherein the carrier comprises one or more wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax.
15. A pellet/granule of antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil.
16. The pellet/granule of antioxidant composition as claimed in claim 15 including pomegranate peel extract, an inert carrier, emulsifier and optionally additives.
17. The pellet/granule of antioxidant composition as claimed in claim 16 wherein, a. the pomegranate peel extract comprises punicalagin in a range of10- 50%; b. the inert carrier being one or more of a wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax; c. the emulsifier being soy lecithin; and d. the additive being rosemary extract.
18. The pellet/granule of antioxidant composition as claimed in claim 15 wherein, a. the wax to pomegranate peel extract ratio is1:0.01 to 1:5 b. Soy-lecithin is present in a quantity of 0.5g per 1 to 8 g of mixture of wax and pomegranate peel extract.
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