WO2024110073A1

WO2024110073A1 - Cover for a surgical training device and corresponding system and method of use

Info

Publication number: WO2024110073A1
Application number: PCT/EP2023/066964
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sonja Szinicz; Felix Möllmann
Original assignee: Optimist Handelsgesellschaft m.b.H.
Priority date: 2022-11-22
Filing date: 2023-06-22
Publication date: 2024-05-30
Also published as: DE202023002877U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a cover (20) for a surgical training device (10) that can be fitted with at least one human and/or animal and/or synthetic organ. The cover (20) is designed to simulate at least one part of a human and/or animal abdominal wall. In addition, the cover (20) has an at least partially convex shape (21) with respect to the surgical training device (10).

Description

Cover for an operation training device and corresponding system and usage experience.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The invention relates to a cover for a surgical training device that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal organ, a surgical training system comprising such a cover and a method for using such a cover.

BACKGROUND Surgical training devices and systems are becoming increasingly important, particularly in connection with minimally invasive and robot-assisted surgery. In practice, a significant proportion of surgical errors can be attributed to the surgeon's inexperience. The lack of experience is typically even more serious as a source of error than, for example, fatigue, poor communication or excessive workload. Such surgical training devices and systems make a significant contribution to preventing a lack of experience without endangering patient safety.

The document EP 0 624 861 A2 relates to a device adapted to be used in training surgeons and surgical personnel in surgical techniques and procedures, and in particular to a device and a method for training surgeons and surgical personnel in minimally invasive surgical techniques and procedures in a manner intended to simulate clinical phenomena. Furthermore, an elastic medium is to be fixed to the aforementioned device, which is intended to simulate the patient's body wall for training purposes.

Unfortunately, this elastic medium is not only complex to handle, particularly in terms of the aforementioned fixation, but also leads to an increased material expenditure, since the elastic medium has to be replaced as a whole after each surgical training session due to corresponding penetrations caused by corresponding medical instruments.

TASK AND SOLUTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a cover for a device that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal organ.

Oper at ions training device, a

To provide an operation training system comprising such a cover and a method for using such a cover, whereby not only a particularly efficient handling is ensured, but also the correspondingly required use of resources is significantly reduced.

The object is achieved with respect to the cover for a surgical training device that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal organ by the features of patent claim 1. The object is achieved with respect to the surgical training system comprising a Such a cover is solved by the features of patent claim 14. The problem is solved with regard to the method for using such a cover by the features of patent claim 15. The subclaims contain advantageous further developments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the invention, a cover is created for a surgical training device that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal and/or synthetic organ. The cover is designed to simulate at least part of a human and/or animal abdominal wall. In addition, the cover has at least a partially convex shape with respect to the surgical training device.

This not only ensures particularly efficient handling, but also significantly reduces the use of resources required. Another advantage is that gas insufflation is no longer necessary during the corresponding surgical training.

Preferably, the convex shape is arranged in a central region of the cover. In other words, the convex shape is preferably not arranged in an edge region of the cover.

Furthermore, coverage is preferably provided within the framework of minimally invasive and/or robot-assisted surgery used . In other words, the

Cover for a surgical training device that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal organ can be a cover for a surgical training device that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal organ for training minimally invasive and/or robot-assisted surgery. Furthermore, the synthetic organ can preferably be produced by 3D printing.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the convex shape and/or the cover has a rigid, in particular bend-resistant, structure, e.g. in the form of a dome or in the form of a vault. In this way, for example, an abdominal wall which has been exposed to an insufflation gas can advantageously be reproduced in a particularly realistic manner.

According to a second preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, at least the convex shape is designed to replicate at least part of the part of the human and/or animal abdominal wall that covers an area that is insufflated during an operation. This can advantageously save material, for example. According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the convex shape is designed as a dome-like or arch-like elevation with respect to the operation training device. Advantageously, this can enable simple and efficient production.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the convex shape and/or the cover has a round or oval basic shape. Advantageously, this allows the complexity of the corresponding production to be further reduced.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the convex shape and/or the cover has at least one recess. Advantageously, for example, the cover as such can remain undamaged even if medical instruments penetrate it during surgical training. If several recesses are present, which is preferred, a trocar can be inserted into each recess and the insertion of the trocars can be practiced independently of one another.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, at least one, preferably each, of the at least one recess has a round or oval basic shape. Advantageously, the at least one recess can be created in a simple and cost-effective manner, for example by means of drilling or milling, or can be easily cut out in an additive manufacturing process.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, at least one, Preferably, each of the at least one recess has at least one detachable element. Advantageously, each of the preferably several recesses can be flexibly adapted, for example, in terms of its size and/or shape.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the at least one detachable element covers and/or closes the respective corresponding recess. Advantageously, the typically closed abdominal wall can be realistically reproduced in this way, for example.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element is designed to simulate the human and/or animal abdominal wall. Additionally or alternatively, at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element has an elastic base material.

Further additionally or further alternatively, at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element consists of rubber and/or an elastomer and/or polyethylene and/or silicone. This can advantageously ensure, for example, cost-effective production.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element has at least two layers. Additionally or alternatively, at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element has a fiber reinforcement, preferably a glass fibre reinforcement, on .

Advantageously, for example, a particularly realistic reproduction of the abdominal wall can be achieved, especially if the crossed structure of the fibers corresponds to the structure of the muscle fibers in a natural abdominal wall.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the fiber reinforcement, preferably the glass fiber reinforcement, has a crossed structure. Advantageously, for example, the realism of the reproduction of the abdominal wall can be further improved, in particular if the course of the fibers corresponds to the course of the muscle fibers in a natural abdominal wall.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, a base material of the cover comprises polyethylene and/or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and/or polycarbonate. Advantageously, the cover can thus be produced efficiently, for example, using a 3D printing process, in particular using an additive 3D printing process. According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the cover has at least one locking element for locking the cover to the surgical training device. In this context, in particular at least one of the at least one locking element is designed as a region arranged in the edge region of the cover, in which the basic shape of the edge region of the cover is deviated from. Advantageously, corresponding surgical training can be carried out in a particularly safe manner, since slipping of the cover is reliably prevented.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the cover has a release mechanism for releasing the cover from the surgical training device, in particular when the cover is locked to the surgical training device. In this context, the release mechanism in particular has a lever-like element which is designed to release the corresponding locking of the cover on the surgical training device when pulled.

Advantageously, particularly efficient handling can be ensured in this way, in particular since the at least one locking element can be released quickly and easily.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a surgical training system is created. This surgical training system has a surgical training device that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal and/or synthetic organ, as well as a cover according to the first aspect of the invention or one of its preferred embodiments.

Advantageously, this not only ensures particularly efficient handling, but also significantly reduces the required use of resources. A further advantage is that gas insufflation is not necessary during the corresponding surgical training.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the surgical training device has an exchangeable adaptation element which is or can be detachably connected to the surgical training device. In this context, the exchangeable adaptation element is designed to simulate the corresponding body opening of the human or animal body, in particular according to the type of operation to be trained. Furthermore, the detachable connection of the exchangeable adaptation element to the surgical training device has in particular a joint, preferably a ball joint. Advantageously, a particularly realistic form of surgical training can be achieved in this way.

According to a third aspect of the invention, a method for using a cover according to the first aspect of the invention or one of its preferred

Embodiments are created. The method comprises the following steps: applying the cover to a surgical training device that can be equipped with or is equipped with at least one human and/or animal and/or synthetic organ, and penetrating the cover, preferably the convex shape, particularly preferably at least one of the at least one recess, very particularly preferably at least one of the at least one detachable element of the respective recess, with the aid of at least one surgical instrument, in particular at least one trocar.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED FORMS OF EXECUTION

A detailed exemplary description of some embodiments of the invention is given below with reference to the figures of the drawing.

Fig. 1 shows an exemplary operation training device according to the invention; Fig. 2A shows an exemplary embodiment of a cover according to the invention in a three-dimensional view;

Fig. 2B shows the embodiment according to Fig. 2A in a plan view;

Fig. 20 shows the embodiment according to Fig. 2A in a side view; Fig. 3A a first part of a two-part

Embodiment of the cover according to the invention; Fig. 3B shows a second part of the two-part embodiment of the cover according to the invention;

Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment, in particular a first part of an exemplary embodiment, of the detachable

Elements ;

Fig. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment, in particular a second part of the exemplary embodiment, of the detachable

Elements ;

Fig. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the detachable element according to the invention;

Fig. 7A shows the embodiment according to Fig. 3A and 3B with exemplary manipulators or instruments introduced in a three-dimensional view; Fig. 7B shows the embodiment according to Fig. 7A in a side view;

Fig. 8 shows an example of robot-assisted surgery according to the invention;

Fig. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of an adaptation element according to the invention in the context an exemplary embodiment of an operations training system according to the invention;

Fig. 10A shows an exemplary embodiment of a release mechanism according to the invention in

Frame of an exemplary embodiment of an operation training system according to the invention; Fig. 10B is a sectional view of the release mechanism according to the invention according to Fig. 10A; and

Fig. 11 is an exemplary flow chart of a

Embodiment of the method according to the invention for using the cover according to the invention.

First, Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a surgical training device 10 in the sense of the invention. The surgical training device 10 has a housing 15 which preferably comprises or is made of plastic, particularly preferably polyethylene and/or polycarbonate.

In the exemplary illustration according to Fig. 1, the operation training device 10 was prepared to simulate an endourological operation. Accordingly, the operation training device 10 was equipped with an organ 17, in particular in the sense of a bladder-kidney model. Preferably, this bladder-kidney model comes from a breeding pig, which was especially specially developed for the

was bred for the purpose of organ removal. Furthermore, according to Fig. 1, it can be seen that the surgical training device 10 has a tube 16, in particular a perfusion tube, which at a first end can be connected or is preferably connected to a pump, in particular a perfusion pump, of the surgical training device 10. In addition, a second end of the tube 16, in particular of the perfusion tube, can be connected or is connected to the organ 17.

It can be particularly advantageous if the organ 17 has a corresponding connection, in particular in the form of a further tube, in order to be able to connect the second end of the tube 16, in particular the perfusion tube, to the further tube. Preferably, the further tube was connected to the corresponding blood-carrying vessels of the organ for this purpose after the organ has been removed and, for example, sewn into it. It can be particularly advantageous to use organs prepared in this way

Training purposes should be kept in deep-frozen form. For this purpose, the organ in question should first be heparinized after removal before the additional tube or at least one additional tube is inserted in order to subsequently freeze the organ.

It should also be mentioned that the operation training device 10 is in particular an operation training device with pulsating organ perfusion. Thus, it can be particularly advantageous if the above-mentioned pump, in particular perfusion pump, is designed to perfusion the organ 17 or bladder-kidney model in a pulsating manner with a perfusion fluid. The

Perfusion fluid can be water, colored water, especially red colored water, a blood-like fluid or blood.

The perfusion fluid is located, for example, in the housing 15, in particular in the corresponding bottom area of the housing 15, and is provided with the reference number 14. The above-mentioned pump, in particular perfusion pump, is further designed to

Perfusion fluid from the housing 15, in particular from the corresponding bottom area of the housing 15. Furthermore, the housing 15, in particular the corresponding bottom area of the housing 15, has an opening, preferably an outlet, which can be closed with a closure element 18. The closure element 18 should be designed to close the opening, preferably the outlet, at least in a liquid-tight manner, in particular to prevent an unwanted escape of the perfusion fluid 14. Basically, the opening, preferably the outlet, serves to drain the perfusion fluid 14 from the

Operation training device 10 or the housing 15. The bottom area of the housing 15 can preferably taper towards the opening or the outlet in a funnel shape, in particular to ensure particularly efficient emptying of the operation training device 10. Furthermore, Fig. 1 shows that the surgical training device 10 has an adaptation element, in particular an exchangeable adaptation element 11. The adaptation element 11 is preferably detachably connected to the surgical training device 10 or the housing 15. This detachable connection can be made in particular by means of a joint, preferably by means of a ball joint.

The adaptation element 11 is designed to simulate the corresponding body opening of the human or animal body, in particular according to the operation to be trained. Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous if the operation training device

10 different adaptation elements exist, which differ in particular in the respective diameter of their corresponding opening. In the present case, the adaptation element 11 is designed, for example, to simulate a urethra, in particular a human urethra. According to Fig. 1, the adaptation element 11 is connected, for example, to the bladder of the bladder-kidney model inside the operation training device 10.

With regard to the adaptation element 11, it should be noted that this or an exemplary embodiment of an adaptation element according to the invention is shown in detail in Fig. 9.

It should also be mentioned that the

Operation training device 10 has a base plate 12 which is adapted to support the organ 17 or the Bladder-kidney model. Preferably, the base plate 12 is arranged essentially parallel to the base region of the housing 15. In addition, the base plate 12 can be designed to allow the perfusion fluid 14, particularly if it exits the organ 17, to reach the base region of the housing 15. In particular in the case of an operation to be trained in the field of endourology, it can be particularly advantageous if the base plate 12 is made of plastic, particularly polyethylene.

In particular, in other cases it can be particularly advantageous if the base plate 12 is made of metal, in particular steel. In addition, the base plate 12 can have an electrical connection, in particular a ground connection. In particular in this context it can be particularly advantageous if the operation training device 10, preferably the interior of the housing 15, has a further electrical connection, in particular a further ground connection, to which the corresponding connection of the base plate 12 can be connected or is connected.

Furthermore, it should be noted that it can be particularly advantageous if the base plate 12 has a grid-like structure. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that the surgical training device 10 has a switching element 13 which is designed to switch the surgical training device 10, in particular its pump, preferably a perfusion pump, on or off. It should also be noted that the surgical training device 10 shown in Fig. 1, for example in combination with the cover 20 according to Fig. 2A-C or with the combined cover from Figs. 3A and 3B, can be seen as corresponding embodiments of the surgical training system according to the invention.

Fig. 2A shows a three-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment 20 of a cover according to the invention for a surgical training device that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal organ, for example for one according to Fig. 1, which is indicated by way of example in Fig. 2A.

The cover 20 is designed to simulate at least a part of a human and/or animal abdominal wall. In addition, the cover 20 has at least a partial convex shape 21 with respect to the operation training device 10.

It can be particularly advantageous if the convex shape 21 and/or the cover 20 has a rigid, in particular bend-resistant, structure. The cover 20 can advantageously be made at least partially from polycarbonate. In addition, at least the convex shape 21 can be designed to simulate at least part of the part of the human and/or animal abdominal wall that covers an area that is insufflated during an operation.

Fig. 2A further shows that the convex shape 21 is designed as a dome-like elevation with respect to the Operation training device 10 is formed. It can be particularly advantageous if the distance between a vertex or a vertex surface of this dome-like elevation and a corresponding lower edge of the cover 20, which is on the

Operation training device 10 is placed between 9 cm and 20 cm, preferably between 11 cm and 18 cm, particularly preferably between 14 cm and 17.5 cm, most preferably between 16 cm and 17 cm,

With regard to the convex shape 21, it should be mentioned that this has an oval or elliptical basic shape. It can be particularly advantageous if the major axis of the corresponding ellipse is between 5 percent and 15 percent, preferably between 7 percent and 13 percent, particularly preferably between 8 percent and 12 percent, very particularly preferably between 9 percent and 11 percent, larger than the corresponding minor axis. With regard to the cover 20, it should be noted that this has an oval or elliptical basic shape. It can be particularly advantageous if the major axis of the corresponding ellipse is between 15 percent and 37 percent, preferably between 23 percent and 33 percent, particularly preferably between 24 percent and 31 percent, very particularly preferably between 25 percent and 30 percent, larger than the corresponding minor axis.

Additionally or alternatively, the main part with respect to the oval or elliptical basic shape of the cover 20 can have a length between 45 cm and 56 cm, preferably between 46 cm and 55 cm, particularly preferably between 47 cm and 54 cm, most preferably between 49 cm and 53 cm, Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the minor axis can have a length of between 35 cm and 44 cm, preferably between 36 cm and 43 cm, particularly preferably between 37 cm and 42 cm, very particularly preferably between 38 cm and 41 cm, with respect to the oval or elliptical basic shape of the cover 20.

Furthermore, the convex shape 21 has at least one

Recess, for example 17 recesses, one of which is provided with the reference number 22 by way of example.

It should be mentioned that each of the 17 recesses preferably has a substantially round or round basic shape.

Furthermore, the corresponding top view according to Fig. 2B shows that 5 of the 17 recesses are arranged in particular in the apex region of the convex shape 21 or the dome-like elevation of the cover 20, preferably in the sense of the five eyes of a dice. Additionally or alternatively, 12 of the 17 recesses are arranged in particular between the apex region of the convex shape 21 or the dome-like elevation of the cover 20 and an edge region of the cover 20, preferably in the sense of a rectangle or square.

Furthermore, the corresponding side view according to Fig. 2C shows that the convex shape 21 or the dome-like elevation of the cover 20 has a vertex surface 23. In other words, the convex shape 21 or the dome-like elevation flattens out in an area around the corresponding vertex or in an area around the corresponding fictitious vertex. It can be particularly advantageous if the above-mentioned 5 of 17 recesses, which are arranged in particular in the sense of the five eyes of a dice, are arranged in the region of the apex surface.

Additionally or alternatively, the recess which is arranged in the middle of these 5 recesses and is provided with the reference symbol 22 by way of example can be arranged in the corresponding vertex or in the corresponding fictitious vertex. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the remaining 4 recesses of these 5 recesses can be arranged at least partially, preferably entirely, in the area of the vertex surface. Furthermore, with regard to the recesses, it should be mentioned in principle that it can be particularly advantageous if the at least one recess or recesses are arranged based on the type of operation to be trained and/or the type of robot-assisted surgical system used. Advantageously, this can create access to the organ to be operated on in the training scenario that is as realistic as possible. A further advantage is that it can be efficiently prevented that the corresponding manipulators of the robot-assisted surgical system used hinder or even block each other.

Furthermore, with regard to the cover 20, it should be noted that it can be particularly advantageous if a camera, in particular a three-dimensional camera, is arranged on the surface of the cover 20 facing the operation training device 10. Furthermore, the cover 20 may have an interface which is connected to the camera, in particular the three-dimensional camera, and is designed to be connected to the operation training device 10 and/or to at least one other device, for example a monitor and/or a computer.

It can be particularly advantageous if the interface includes or is a USB interface and/or a Bluetooth interface. This can advantageously significantly reduce the amount of surgical equipment required, particularly since bulky and expensive endoscopy systems can be replaced by a mobile computer, tablet computer or smartphone. A further advantage is that not all people involved have to be in the same place to carry out surgical training. This makes it possible, for example, to transmit the relevant camera data remotely to a tutor who accompanies the surgical training remotely without being on site himself.

It should also be noted that each of Figs. 2A, 2B and 2C shows a locking element 24.

It can be particularly advantageous if the cover 20 has at least one such locking element 24 for locking the cover 20 to the operation training device 10. In this context, in particular at least one of the at least one locking element, for example the locking element 24, is designed as an area arranged in the edge area of the cover 20, in which Basic shape of the edge region of the cover 20 is deviated from, preferably in order to form a corresponding locking region. With regard to the central region of the cover 20, the locking region extends in particular beyond the basic shape of the edge region or beyond the edge region of the cover 20. In other words, a corresponding diameter or a corresponding major or minor axis of the cover 20 is greatest in particular in the region of the locking element 24 or in the locking region.

It should also be mentioned that it can be particularly advantageous if the surgical training device 10 has at least one holding element which is designed such that the at least one locking element, for example the locking element 24, is locked thereto, in particular if the cover 20 covers the surgical training device 10.

At least one of the at least one holding element can preferably be designed as a projection. With respect to the central region of the operation training device 10, the at least one holding element or the at least one projection extends in particular beyond the basic shape of the edge region or beyond the edge region of the operation training device 10. In other words, a corresponding diameter or a corresponding main or secondary axis of the operation training device 10 is in particular in the region of the at least one holding element or of the at least one projection is greatest.

Furthermore, the at least one holding element, preferably the at least one projection, is arranged in particular in a region of the surgical training device 10 which is covered by the cover 20.

It should also be noted that it can be particularly advantageous, particularly in connection with the at least one locking element or the locking element 24, if the cover 20 has a release mechanism. This release mechanism serves to release the cover 20 from the operation training device 10, particularly when the cover 20 is attached to the

Operation training device 10 is locked and is described in more detail in the context of Fig. 10A and 10B.

In anticipation, it should be pointed out that it can be particularly advantageous if at least one, preferably each, of the 17 recesses of the cover 20 has at least one detachable element. Such detachable elements are explained in more detail in the context of Figures 4 to 6.

Previously, Figures 3A and 3B show a first part 30a and a second part 30b of a two-part embodiment of the cover according to the invention.

Since the cover combined from the first part 30a according to Fig. 3A and the second part 30b according to Fig. 3B is essentially similar to the first exemplary embodiment of the cover according to the invention according to Figs. 2A to 20, corresponding differences will be discussed in particular below. Fig. 3A shows that essentially the edge region of the cover 20 according to Fig. 2A-C is designed as the first part 30a. Accordingly, this first part 30a is preferably a ring which in particular has an oval or elliptical basic shape.

It can be particularly advantageous if the major axis of the corresponding ellipse with respect to the corresponding ring exterior is between 15 percent and 37 percent, preferably between 24 percent and 35 percent, particularly preferably between 26 percent and 33 percent, most preferably between 28 percent and 32 percent, larger than the corresponding minor axis.

Additionally or alternatively, it can be particularly advantageous if the main axis of the corresponding ellipse is between 3 percent and 11 percent, preferably between 4 percent and 10 percent, particularly preferably between 5 percent and 9 percent, very particularly preferably between 6 percent and 8 percent, larger than the corresponding minor axis with respect to the corresponding ring interior. Furthermore, Fig. 3B shows that essentially the convex shape 21 or the dome-like elevation of the cover 20 according to Fig. 2A-C is designed as the second part 30b. The second part 30b has an oval or elliptical basic shape. It can be particularly advantageous if the main axis of the corresponding ellipse is between 3 percent and 11 percent, preferably between 4 percent and 10 percent, particularly preferably between 5 percent and 9 percent, very particularly preferably between 6 percent. percent and 8 percent , larger than the corresponding minor axis .

It should also be mentioned that the second part 30b preferably does not have an apex surface, but essentially has a vertex. In addition, the second part 30b has in particular 12 recesses. 4 of these 12 recesses are preferably arranged on the above-mentioned main axis of the second part 30b. Further preferably, one of the two of the above-mentioned 4 recesses that are furthest away from the corresponding edge region of the second part 30b forms the middle recess of 5 recesses, which are preferably arranged in the sense of the five eyes of a dice. The corresponding remaining 4 of the total 12 recesses can preferably be arranged mirror-symmetrically to the above-mentioned main axis.

It should also be noted that it can be particularly advantageous if at least one, preferably each, of the 12 recesses of the cover, which is combined in particular by placing and/or inserting the first part 30a and the second part 30b into one another, has at least one detachable element. As already announced above, such detachable elements are explained in more detail in the context of Figures 4 to 6.

Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the detachable element according to the invention. In particular, Fig. 4 shows a first part 40 of an exemplary

Embodiment of the detachable element according to the invention, which is particularly designed to be connected to a corresponding second part, for example the second Part 50 according to Fig. 5. Thus, in particular the corresponding combination of the first part 40 according to Fig. 4 and the second part 50 according to Fig. 5 represents a first exemplary embodiment of the detachable element according to the invention.

In the sense of Fig. 4, the detachable element or the first part of the detachable element is in particular a trocar receptacle 40 which is designed to allow a trocar access to the interior of the surgical training device when the latter is covered with the cover and the trocar receptacle 40 is arranged or inserted in the corresponding recess of the cover.

The trocar holder 40 is preferably designed in a screw-like manner, with the corresponding shaft of the screw being in particular completely hollow. The completely hollow design is to be understood in particular in such a way that the corresponding head area of the

Screw is hollow or recessed. Preferably, the screw has a ring 41 in the head area.

It can be particularly advantageous if the corresponding inner diameter of this ring 41, which in particular has a round basic shape, is between 20 mm and 30 mm, preferably between 21 mm and 29 mm, particularly preferably between 23 mm and 27 mm, very particularly preferably between 24 mm and 26 mm.

In particular, in order to use the trocar holder 40, it is inserted into the corresponding recesses so that the thread 42 of the trocar holder 40 protrudes into the interior of the surgical training device when the latter is covered by the cover. In addition, an elastic material is inserted between the surface of the cover facing away from the surgical training device and the trocar holder 40, in particular its ring 41, so that at least the interior of the ring 41 is covered and/or closed by the elastic material, which in particular leads to the corresponding recess being covered and/or closed.

The elastic material is preferably designed to replicate the human and/or animal abdominal wall. It can be particularly advantageous if the elastic material consists of rubber and/or an elastomer and/or polyethylene and/or neoprene. The elastic material can be a cut-out of neoprene, for example. The elastic material can preferably have at least two layers. Additionally or alternatively, the elastic material can have a fiber reinforcement, in particular a glass fiber reinforcement or carbon fiber reinforcement. More preferably, the fiber reinforcement, in particular the glass fiber reinforcement or carbon fiber reinforcement, can have a crossed structure. The material or the base material of the trocar holder 40 can, for example, correspond to that of the cover. In the sense of Fig. 5, the detachable element or the second part of the detachable element is in particular a clamping ring 50, which is designed to interact with the trocar holder 40, so that this is reliably fixed in the corresponding recess. For the corresponding interaction, the clamping ring 50 preferably has an internal thread 51. In particular, in order to use the clamping ring 50, it is screwed from the surface of the cover facing the surgical training device onto the trocar holder 40, the thread 42 of which projects into the interior of the surgical training device when the latter is covered by the cover. In this way, the elastic material inserted between the surface of the cover facing away from the surgical training device and the trocar holder 40, in particular its ring 41, as well as the trocar holder 40 are securely clamped in the area of the corresponding recess.

The material or the base material of the clamping ring 50 can, for example, correspond to that of the cover and/or that of the trocar holder 40. It should be noted that the first exemplary embodiment of the detachable element according to the invention, which results from the combination of the first part or the trocar holder 40 according to Fig. 4 and the second part or the clamping ring 50 according to Fig. 5, serves in particular to cover and/or close the recesses of the cover which are used or penetrated during the corresponding surgical training.

Fig. 6 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the detachable element according to the invention, which serves in particular to cover and/or close the recesses of the cover which are not used or not used during the corresponding operation training. be penetrated. In the sense of Fig. 6, the detachable element is in particular a closure plug 60 which is designed to reliably close the corresponding recess. The material or the base material of the closure plug 60 can consist for example of rubber and/or an elastomer and/or polyethylene and/or silicone.

Fig. 6 also shows that the closure plug 60 preferably has a round basic shape. It can be particularly advantageous if the corresponding diameter of the round or circular basic shape is between 30 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 33 mm and 47 mm, particularly preferably between 35 mm and 45 mm, very particularly preferably between 38 mm and 43 mm.

In particular in this context it should be noted that it can be particularly advantageous if the respective diameter of the corresponding recess is between 29 mm and 49 mm, preferably between 32 mm and 46 mm, particularly preferably between 34 mm and 44 mm, very particularly preferably between 37 mm and 42 mm.

In particular, the closure plug 60 can have a truncated cone, in particular at the

A disk, preferably a round or circular disk, is arranged on the top surface of the truncated cone.

According to Fig. 6, the disk has a first diameter, the corresponding area being provided with the reference numeral 61 by way of example. Furthermore, the

Base area of the truncated cone has a second diameter, the corresponding area being provided with the reference number 62 by way of example. Furthermore, it can be particularly advantageous if the base surface of the truncated cone changes to a bottom surface in a direction facing away from the top surface of the truncated cone. This bottom surface has a third diameter, the corresponding area being provided with the reference symbol 63 by way of example.

In particular, in order to use the closure plug 60, it is inserted into the corresponding recess with the bottom surface first from the surface of the cover facing away from the operation training device.

It may be particularly advantageous if the first diameter is larger than the second diameter and/or than the third diameter. Additionally or alternatively, the second diameter may be smaller than the first diameter and/or larger than the third diameter. Further additionally or alternatively, the third diameter may be smaller than the first diameter and/or than the second diameter.

It can also be particularly advantageous if the first diameter is between 42 mm and 44 mm, preferably 43 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the second diameter can be between 39 mm and 41 mm, preferably 40 mm. Further additionally or alternatively, the third diameter can be between 37 mm and 39 mm, preferably 38 mm. It should also be mentioned that the distance between the disk and the base of the truncated cone can be between 1 mm and 7 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 6 mm, particularly preferably between 3 mm and 5 mm, most particularly preferably 4 mm. Furthermore, it should be noted that the angle enclosed by the disk and the lateral surface of the truncated cone can be between 40 degrees and 48 degrees, preferably between 41 degrees and 47 degrees, particularly preferably between 42 degrees and 46 degrees, most preferably between 43 degrees and 45 degrees.

With regard to the at least one detachable element or elements within the meaning of the invention, it should be noted that this can also be realized as follows:

Two essentially identical covers can be used in the sense of the invention in order to at least partially clamp an elastic material, for example the elastic material mentioned above, between these two covers according to the invention. The above-mentioned wording "essentially identical" is to be understood in particular to mean that the two covers differ in size to the extent that they can be inserted into one another or arranged on top of one another.

While Fig. 7A shows the embodiment according to Fig. 3A and 3B with manipulators or instruments 71 to 74 introduced as examples in a three-dimensional view, Fig. 7B shows this embodiment in a side view. In addition, Figs. 7A and 7B show the elements 40, 50 and 60 already described above, which were used accordingly. In addition, the elastic material mentioned above can be seen, for example in the form of a neoprene cut, which is provided with the reference number 43 as an example. Fig. 8 illustrates an example of robot-assisted surgery in the sense of the invention. In particular, Fig. 8 shows a robot-assisted surgery system 80. The system 80 has a console 81, in particular a computer console, which is set up to display the inside of a patient 86 in an image. For this purpose, the robot-assisted surgery system 80 has a camera 83, in particular an endoscopic camera, which is set up to record the inside of the patient 86 and transmit it to the console 81. In addition, the corresponding recording by the camera 83 can also be transmitted to a display unit 82, in particular to a monitor, which is located, for example, in the immediate vicinity of the patient 86.

Furthermore, a surgeon 85 can use the console 81 to control the corresponding manipulators 84 of the robot-assisted surgical system 80. In this case, the surgeon 85 can even operate in a spatially separated manner from the patient 86.

In particular, in order to apply the surgical training system according to the invention, the patient 86 can be replaced by the aforementioned surgical training system in the example shown in Fig. 8.

Furthermore, it should be noted that, particularly in the case of a fully automatic robotic surgery system, the operation training system according to the invention can be used to test the functionality of such a fully automatic robotic surgery system. Advantageously, such a fully automatic robotic surgery system is basically capable of To carry out an operation without appropriate control by a surgeon. At least during the operation - except perhaps in the event of a complication - there is advantageously no human control.

In other words, the operation training system according to the second aspect of the invention can become a test system for a robotic surgery system, in particular for a fully automatic robotic surgery system. This test system has an operation training device that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal organ, for example the one according to Fig. 1, and a cover according to the invention, for example one in the sense of Figs. 2A-C or 3A and 3B.

As already mentioned in the description of Fig. 1, Fig. 9 shows a detailed representation of an exemplary embodiment of an adaptation element 11 according to the invention. The adaptation element 11 is shown in the context of an exemplary embodiment of an operation training system 90 according to the invention, which has the operation training device 10 described above and the cover 20.

The adaptation element 11 is designed to simulate the corresponding body opening of the human or animal body, in particular according to the type of operation to be trained. Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous if different adaptation elements exist for the operation training device 10, which particularly in the respective diameter of their corresponding opening.

Furthermore, it should be noted that the adaptation element 11 is particularly compatible with the human and/or animal

Organ 17 is connectable or connected .

Furthermore, Fig. 9 shows that the operation training device 10 has an opening 19, in particular with a ball joint. This opening 19 is preferably designed to detachably receive the adaptation element 11.

It can be particularly advantageous if the opening 19 is arranged on or in the surgical training device 10 in such a way that the position of the opening 19 with respect to the human and/or animal organ 17 inserted into the surgical training device 10 essentially corresponds to the natural position of the corresponding body opening of the human or animal body, which is reproduced by the adaptation element 11, with respect to the corresponding organ.

It should also be noted that, in particular in order to detachably connect the exchangeable adaptation element 11 to the

Operation training device 10, the adaptation element 11 is first inserted from the inside of the operation training device 10 into the opening 19 or into the corresponding ball joint of the opening 19 and then a fixing ring 91 is pressed to the corresponding ball center so that the adaptation element 11 is locked accordingly. In the In particular, the fixing ring 91 and the adaptation element 11 can preferably engage in this way.

As already mentioned in the context of the description of Fig. 2A, 2B and 2C, Fig. 10A shows an exemplary

Embodiment of an inventive

Detachment mechanism 25. The detachment mechanism 25 according to the invention is shown in the context of an exemplary embodiment of an operation training system 90a according to the invention.

According to Fig. 10A, the operation training system 90a has the operation training device 10, which also shows the opening 19 discussed in the context of Fig. 9, as well as the cover 20a. This cover 20a corresponds in

Essentially the cover 20 already described, but additionally has the release mechanism 25 for releasing the cover 20a from the operation training device 10, in particular when the cover is removed by means of the at least one

Locking element, for example by means of the locking element 24, is locked to the operation training device 10. It can also be seen that the release mechanism 25 has in particular a lever-like element 26, which is designed to release the corresponding locking of the cover 20a on the operation training device 10 when pulled. The lever-like element can preferably be a lever. It may be particularly advantageous if the release mechanism 25 is arranged in the region, in particular in the vicinity of, at least one of the at least one locking element, for example the locking element 24.

Furthermore, the corresponding sectional view of the release mechanism 25 according to the invention, which is illustrated by Fig. 10B, shows that the lever-like element 26 is arranged rotatably on an axis 27. This

Axis 27 is preferably arranged substantially parallel to the edge region of the cover 20a. Further preferably, the lever-like element 26 is arranged substantially perpendicular to the edge region of the cover 20a.

It may also be particularly advantageous if the rotatable arrangement of the lever-like element 26 on the axis 27 is designed such that a first part 28 of the lever-like element 26, which in particular

Edge region of the cover 20a is larger than a second part 29 of the lever-like element, which in particular points towards the edge region of the cover 20a. Preferably, the lever-like element is designed in such a way that by pulling on the lever-like element 26, in particular on the first part 28 of the lever-like element 26, a part, in particular the second part 29, of the lever-like element 26 presses against the operation training device 10 and/or displaces the cover 20a in the vertical direction. With regard to the vertical direction, it should be noted that this in particular runs substantially perpendicular to the edge region of the cover 20a.

Further preferably, the pressure caused by the part, in particular by the second part 29, of the lever-like element 26 against the operation training device 10 and/or the displacement of the cover 20a in the vertical direction caused by the part, in particular by the second part 29, of the lever-like element 26 is suitable for overcoming or releasing the locking caused by the at least one locking element, for example by the locking element 24. Finally, Fig. 11 shows an exemplary flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for using the cover according to the invention, for example the cover according to Fig. 2A-C or the cover according to a combination of Fig. 3A and 3B. It should be noted that the method is a training method which is primarily not applied to human or animal bodies, but explicitly for training purposes outside the human body.

In a first step 100, the cover is applied to a surgical training device that can be equipped with or is equipped with at least one human and/or animal and/or synthetic organ, for example to the surgical training device according to Fig. 1.

Then, according to a second step 101 of the method, the penetration of the cover, preferably the convex shape, particularly preferably at least one the at least one recess, very particularly preferably at least one of the at least one detachable element of the respective corresponding recess, with the aid of at least one surgical instrument, in particular with the aid of at least one trocar.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments discussed above. All features described in the description or features claimed in the patent claims or features shown in the drawing can be combined with one another as desired within the scope of this invention.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A cover (20, 20a, 30b) for a surgical training device (10) that can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal and/or synthetic organ (17), wherein the cover (20, 20a, 30b) is designed to simulate at least a part of a human and/or animal abdominal wall, and wherein the cover (20, 20a, 30b) at least partially has a convex shape (21) with respect to the surgical training device (10).

2. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to claim 1, wherein the convex shape (21) and/or the cover (20, 20a, 30b) has a rigid, in particular bending-resistant, structure and/or wherein the convex shape (21) is arranged in a central region of the surgical device (10).

3. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least the convex shape (21) is designed to simulate at least a portion of the part of the human and/or animal abdominal wall which covers a region correspondingly insufflated during an operation.

4. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the convex shape (21) is formed as a dome-like elevation with respect to the operation training device (10).

5. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the convex shape (21) and/or the cover (20, 20a, 30b) has a round or oval basic shape.

6. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the convex shape (21) and/or the cover (20, 20a, 30b) has at least one recess (22).

7. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to claim 6, wherein at least one, preferably each, of the at least one recess (22) has a round or oval basic shape.

8. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein at least one, preferably each, of the at least one recess (22) has at least one detachable element (40, 50, 60).

9. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to claim 8, wherein the at least one detachable element (40, 50, 60) covers and/or closes the respective corresponding recess (22).

10. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element (40, 50, 60) is designed to simulate the human and/or animal abdominal wall, and/or wherein at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element (40, 50, 60) has an elastic base material, and/or wherein at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element (40, 50, 60) consists of rubber and/or an elastomer and/or polyethylene and/or silicone.

11. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to one of the claims

8 to 10, wherein at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element (40, 50, 60) has at least two layers, and/or wherein at least one, preferably each, of the at least one detachable element (40, 50, 60) has a fiber reinforcement, preferably a glass fiber reinforcement or carbon fiber reinforcement.

12. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to claim 11, wherein the fiber reinforcement, preferably the glass fiber reinforcement or carbon fiber reinforcement, has a crossed structure.

13. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to one of claims

1 to 12, wherein a base material of the cover (20, 20a, 30b) comprises polyethylene and/or high density polyethylene (HDPE) and/or polycarbonate.

14. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the cover (20, 20a, 30b) has at least one locking element (24) for locking the cover

(20, 20a, 30b) on the operation training device (10), wherein in particular at least one of the at least one locking element (24) is designed as a region arranged in the edge region of the cover (20, 20a, 30b), in which there is a deviation from the basic shape of the edge region of the cover (20, 20a, 30b).

15. The cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the cover (20, 20a, 30b) has a release mechanism (25) for releasing the cover (20, 20a, 30b) from the surgical training device (10), in particular when the cover (20, 20a, 30b) is locked to the surgical training device (10), wherein in particular the release mechanism (25) has a lever-like element (26) which is designed to release the corresponding locking of the cover (20, 20a, 30b) on the surgical training device (10) when pulled.

16. A surgical training system (90, 90a) comprising: a surgical training device (10) which can be equipped with at least one human and/or animal and/or synthetic organ (17), and a cover (20, 20a, 30b) according to one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The surgical training system (90, 90a) according to claim 16, wherein the surgical training device (10) has an exchangeable adaptation element (11) which is detachably connectable or connected to the surgical training device (10), wherein the exchangeable adaptation element (11) is designed to simulate the corresponding body opening of the human or animal body, in particular according to the type of operation to be trained, wherein the detachable connection of the exchangeable adaptation element (11) to the operation training device (10) in particular has a joint, preferably a ball joint.

18. A method of using a cover (20, 30b) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, the method comprising the following steps:

Applying (100) the cover (20, 20a, 30b) to a surgical training device (10) that can be equipped or is equipped with at least one human and/or animal and/or synthetic organ (17), and penetrating (101) the cover (20, 20a, 30b), preferably the convex shape (21), particularly preferably at least one of the at least one recess (22), very particularly preferably at least one of the at least one detachable element (40, 50, 60) of the respective corresponding recess (22), with the aid of at least one surgical instrument (71, 72, 73, 74), in particular at least one trocar.