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WO2024078605A1 - 车窗玻璃及其制备方法、车辆 - Google Patents

车窗玻璃及其制备方法、车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024078605A1
WO2024078605A1 PCT/CN2023/124394 CN2023124394W WO2024078605A1 WO 2024078605 A1 WO2024078605 A1 WO 2024078605A1 CN 2023124394 W CN2023124394 W CN 2023124394W WO 2024078605 A1 WO2024078605 A1 WO 2024078605A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refractive index
index layer
high refractive
window glass
vehicle window
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/124394
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹晖
张洁林
卢国水
林高强
王泽龙
福原康太
Original Assignee
福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司
Priority to EP23876804.8A priority Critical patent/EP4585989A1/en
Priority to KR1020257011905A priority patent/KR20250067175A/ko
Publication of WO2024078605A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024078605A1/zh

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    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/001—Double glazing for vehicles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
    • C03C17/3417—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials all coatings being oxide coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0676—Oxynitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/08—Oxides
    • C23C14/083—Oxides of refractory metals or yttrium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/10—Glass or silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2274/00—Thermoplastic elastomer material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/204—Di-electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/418—Refractive
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
    • B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
    • C03C2218/154—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering
    • C03C2218/156—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering by magnetron sputtering

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of glass technology, and in particular to a vehicle window glass and a preparation method thereof, and a vehicle.
  • the head-up display system can display important driving information such as speed, engine speed, fuel consumption, tire pressure, navigation and information from external smart devices in real time in the driver's field of view, so that the driver can observe the information on the instrument panel and other devices without lowering his head, thereby avoiding distracting the driver's attention from the road ahead; at the same time, the driver does not have to adjust his eyes between observing the distant road and the nearby instruments, which can avoid eye fatigue and greatly enhance driving safety and improve driving experience.
  • driving information such as speed, engine speed, fuel consumption, tire pressure, navigation and information from external smart devices in real time in the driver's field of view, so that the driver can observe the information on the instrument panel and other devices without lowering his head, thereby avoiding distracting the driver's attention from the road ahead; at the same time, the driver does not have to adjust his eyes between observing the distant road and the nearby instruments, which can avoid eye fatigue and greatly enhance driving safety and improve driving experience.
  • LiDAR has been increasingly used in automobiles. If LiDAR is installed on the roof or other external parts of the vehicle, it will face the impact of various climate environments and the test of its stability and accuracy caused by the vibration during driving. Therefore, more and more solutions are to install LiDAR inside the vehicle, so the detection light of LiDAR needs to be transmitted through the window glass.
  • the transmittance of infrared rays of traditional window glass is low, which makes the existing window glass unable to directly meet the normal working requirements of LiDAR high-precision detection.
  • the window glass In order to make the HUD image of the head-up display system display clearly without ghosting, the window glass needs to have a high reflectivity for the projected light. At present, it is difficult for the existing window glass to simultaneously meet the high transmittance requirements of the LiDAR signal and the high reflectivity requirements of the head-up display system.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle window glass and a method for manufacturing the same, and a vehicle, which can simultaneously meet the transmittance requirements of radar signals and the reflectivity requirements of a head-up display system.
  • the present application provides a vehicle window glass, comprising a glass substrate and a transparent nanofilm, wherein the glass substrate comprises an outer surface and an inner surface arranged opposite to each other, the transparent nanofilm is arranged on the inner surface, the transparent nanofilm comprises a standard high refractive index layer, an enhanced high refractive index layer and an outermost low refractive index layer, and in a direction away from the inner surface, the standard high refractive index layer, the enhanced high refractive index layer and the outermost low refractive index layer are stacked in sequence;
  • the refractive index of the standard high refractive index layer is between 1.61 and 2.59, the refractive index of the enhanced high refractive index layer is greater than or equal to 2.6, and the refractive index of the outermost low refractive index layer is between 1.35 and 1.60.
  • the window glass provided with the transparent nanofilm can have a higher transmittance to the laser radar signal, and the side surface of the window glass facing the interior of the vehicle also has a higher reflectivity to the projection light of the head-up display system.
  • the laser radar and the head-up display system can be integrated and used in conjunction with the window glass at the same time, so that the vehicle can better assist the driver in driving.
  • the transmittance of the vehicle window glass to P-polarized light with a wavelength of 850nm to 1650nm incident at an incident angle of 50° to 73° is greater than or equal to 80%.
  • the window glass is sensitive to light incident from the vehicle interior at an incident angle of 45° to 85°.
  • the reflectivity of P-polarized light of 380 nm to 780 nm is greater than or equal to 20%.
  • the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer is 5 nm-55 nm.
  • the thickness of the enhanced high refractive index layer is 35 nm-70 nm.
  • the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer is 80 nm-130 nm.
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer is a TiOx layer, and the proportion of rutile structure TiOx in the TiOx layer is at least 90%.
  • the refractive index n of the TiOx layer is 2.60-2.72, and the extinction coefficient k of the TiOx layer is ⁇ 0.0015.
  • the glass substrate includes an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate, and an intermediate layer provided between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate, the surface of the outer glass plate away from the intermediate layer is the outer surface, the surface of the inner glass plate away from the intermediate layer is the inner surface, and the transmittance of the outer glass plate and/or the inner glass plate to near infrared light with a wavelength of 850nm to 1650nm is greater than or equal to 91%.
  • the transparent nanofilm includes only the standard high refractive index layer, the enhanced high refractive index layer and the outermost low refractive index layer, the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer is 5nm-35nm, the thickness of the enhanced high refractive index layer is 45nm-65nm, and the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer is 90nm-120nm.
  • the transparent nanofilm also includes at least one laminated structure, at least one of the laminated structures is arranged between the standard high refractive index layer and the inner glass plate, each of the laminated structures includes a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer stacked in sequence, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is between 1.61-2.59, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is between 1.35-1.60.
  • the number of the stacked structures is one, and the high refractive index layer is arranged on the surface of the inner glass plate away from the intermediate layer, the low refractive index layer is arranged between the high refractive index layer and the standard high refractive index layer, the film thickness of the high refractive index layer is 2nm-180nm, and the film thickness of the low refractive index layer is 30nm-85nm, the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer is 5nm-55nm, the thickness of the enhanced high refractive index layer is 45nm-65nm, and the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer is 85nm-130nm.
  • the first stacked structure includes a first high refractive index layer and a first low refractive index layer
  • the second stacked structure includes a second high refractive index layer and a second low refractive index layer
  • the first high refractive index layer, the first low refractive index layer, the second high refractive index layer, the second low refractive index layer, the standard high refractive index layer, the enhanced high refractive index layer and the outermost low refractive index layer are sequentially stacked and arranged on the surface of the inner glass plate away from the intermediate layer
  • the film thickness of the first high refractive index layer is 140nm-190nm
  • the film thickness of the first low refractive index layer is 5nm-95nm
  • the film thickness of the second high refractive index layer is 130nm-205nm
  • the film thickness of the second low refractive index layer is 25nm-90nm
  • the thickness of the first high refractive index layer is 140nm-190nm
  • the wedge angle of the intermediate layer is equal to 0, or is 0.01 mrad to 0.15 mrad.
  • the intermediate layer is a colored intermediate layer having a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 80%.
  • the visible light transmittance of the vehicle window glass is greater than or equal to 70%
  • the Lab value of the reflected color of the vehicle window glass measured from one side of the outer surface is: a ⁇ 3, b ⁇ 0.5.
  • the extreme difference in reflectivity of the vehicle window glass for P-polarized light with wavelengths of 469 nm, 529 nm, and 629 nm incident from the vehicle interior side at an incident angle of 65° is less than or equal to 3%.
  • the present application provides a vehicle, comprising a detection component, a projection component and a vehicle window glass as described above, wherein the detection component and the projection component are arranged on a side of the vehicle window glass provided with the transparent nano film, and the vehicle window glass comprises a signal
  • the detection component is used to emit and/or receive detection light with a wavelength in the range of 850nm to 1650nm, the detection light passes through the signal transmission area, and the projection component is used to emit projection light with a wavelength in the range of 380nm to 780nm to the head-up display area;
  • the detection light is incident on the signal transmission area at an incident angle of 50° to 73°, and the detection light includes at least 80% of P polarized light;
  • the projection light is incident on the head-up display area at an incident angle of 45° to 85°, and the projection light includes at least 90% of P polarized light.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a vehicle window glass, the method comprising:
  • a transparent nanofilm is formed on the surface of the inner glass plate, wherein the transparent nanofilm comprises a standard high refractive index layer, an enhanced high refractive index layer and an outermost low refractive index layer, and in a direction away from the inner glass plate, the standard high refractive index layer, the enhanced high refractive index layer and the outermost low refractive index layer are stacked in sequence, the refractive index of the standard high refractive index layer is between 1.61 and 2.59, the refractive index of the enhanced high refractive index layer is greater than or equal to 2.6, and the refractive index of the outermost low refractive index layer is between 1.35 and 1.60; and
  • the inner glass plate provided with the transparent nano-film is laminated with the middle layer and the outer glass plate to form the vehicle window glass.
  • forming a transparent nanofilm on the surface of the inner glass plate includes:
  • the standard high refractive index layer is formed by a magnetron sputtering method, and the target power supply for magnetron sputtering the standard high refractive index layer is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power supply;
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer is formed on the surface of the standard high refractive index layer away from the inner glass plate by a magnetron sputtering method, and the target power source for magnetron sputtering the enhanced high refractive index layer is a high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source;
  • the outermost low refractive index layer is formed on the surface of the enhanced high refractive index layer away from the standard high refractive index layer by a magnetron sputtering method, and the target power source for magnetron sputtering the outermost low refractive index layer is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source.
  • the transparent nanofilm further comprises at least one laminated structure, at least one of the laminated structures is disposed between the standard high refractive index layer and the inner glass plate, each of the laminated structures comprises a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer laminated in sequence, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is between 1.61 and 2.59, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is between 1.35 and 1.60;
  • the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are formed by a magnetron sputtering method, and a target power source for magnetron sputtering the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic top view of the vehicle window glass shown in FIG1 ;
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the vehicle window glass shown in FIG1 ;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the glass substrate shown in FIG3 being a laminated glass
  • FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first possible implementation of the vehicle window glass shown in FIG4 ;
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second possible implementation of the vehicle window glass shown in FIG4 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of the window glass provided in Example 4 for wavelengths in the range of 380 nm to 1600 nm incident at an incident angle of 65° Spectral reflectance curve of P polarized light;
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a third possible implementation of the vehicle window glass shown in FIG4 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a vehicle window glass provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Refractive index It is the refractive index of the transmitted light at a wavelength of 550nm.
  • the refractive index of each layer of the transparent nanofilm is measured after the transparent nanofilm has been subjected to a high temperature heat treatment of at least 560°C and a bending forming treatment.
  • Thickness physical thickness.
  • Extinction coefficient describes the absorption characteristics of a medium to light, indicating the degree to which the intensity of light is reduced when it passes through a material.
  • Angle of incidence It is the angle between the detection light or projection light when it is incident on the window glass and the surface normal at the incident position.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle window glass and a vehicle, which can simultaneously meet the requirements of high transmittance of the detection light of the detection component and high reflectivity of the projection light of the projection component.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 includes a vehicle body 100 and a vehicle window glass 200.
  • the vehicle window glass 200 is connected to the vehicle body 100.
  • the vehicle window glass 200 may be a front windshield of the vehicle 1000.
  • FIG. 1 is only to schematically describe the connection relationship between the vehicle body 100 and the vehicle window glass 200, and does not specifically limit the connection position, specific structure and quantity of each device.
  • the structure illustrated in the embodiment of the present application does not constitute a specific limitation on the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine some components, or split some components, or arrange the components differently.
  • the illustrated components can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the vehicle 1000 further includes a detection assembly 10 and a projection assembly 20.
  • the detection assembly 10 and the projection assembly 20 are installed inside the vehicle 1000.
  • the detection assembly 10 is used to emit and/or receive detection light 11.
  • the detection assembly 10 can be fixedly installed on the inner surface of the vehicle window glass 200, or can be fixedly installed on the vehicle body 100, for example, on the inner surface of the roof.
  • the projection assembly 20 is used to emit projection light 21.
  • the projection assembly 20 can be installed near the bottom edge of the vehicle window glass 200, for example, inside the vehicle dashboard, or near the top edge of the vehicle window glass 200, for example, on the inner surface of the roof.
  • the detection component 10 is used to emit a detection light 11 outside the vehicle and/or receive the detection light 11 incident from outside the vehicle into the vehicle.
  • the detection light 11 includes at least 80% P-polarized light.
  • the detection light 11 may include at least 90% P-polarized light.
  • the detection light 11 may be 100% P-polarized light (within a tolerance range), that is, the projection light 21 is substantially pure P-polarized light. It is understandable that the higher the proportion of P-polarized light in the detection light 11, the easier it is to improve the window glass. 200 for the transmittance of the detection light 11.
  • the wavelength of the detection light 11 of the detection component 10 can be in the range of 850nm to 1650nm
  • the detection component 10 can include a laser radar with a wavelength of 850nm, 905nm, 1064nm or 1550nm for the detection light 11 and/or a near-infrared camera with a wavelength range of 850nm to 1650nm.
  • the laser radar can accurately perceive the three-dimensional information of the environment outside the vehicle, detect and identify the specific contours, distances, speeds, accelerations and other information of obstacles such as pedestrians and other vehicles, and realize the functions of positioning and odometer.
  • the near-infrared camera can take pictures of the external environment.
  • the detection component 10 preferably uses multiple laser radars and/or multiple near-infrared cameras, for example, the detection component 10 uses 905nm laser radar and 1550nm laser radar at the same time, and for example, the detection component 10 uses 940nm near-infrared camera and 1550nm laser radar at the same time.
  • the vehicle window glass 200 described in the present application can be configured with multiple laser radars and/or multiple near-infrared cameras at the same time.
  • the projection assembly 20 emits a projection light 21 toward the vehicle window glass 200, and the projection light 21 can form a head-up display (HUD) image recognizable by the human eye after being reflected by the vehicle window glass 200.
  • the wavelength of the projection light 21 can be in the range of 380nm to 780nm.
  • the projection light 21 can include at least 90% P-polarized light.
  • the projection light 21 can also be 100% P-polarized light, that is, the projection light 21 is basically pure P-polarized light.
  • the projection assembly 20 can add a head-up display function to the vehicle 1000. The higher the proportion of P-polarized light in the projection light 21, the easier it is to eliminate the visual ghosting phenomenon of the head-up display image.
  • the present application uses P-polarized light for projection. Compared with traditional vehicle window glass that can only be used with S-polarized light projection light, the vehicle window glass 200 and projection assembly 20 provided by the present application can meet the use needs of drivers wearing sunglasses.
  • the projection assembly 20 is used to emit projection light 21 including relevant text and image information such as speed, engine speed, fuel consumption, tire pressure, dynamic navigation, night vision, real-view map, etc. onto the vehicle window glass 200, so that the observer in the vehicle can observe the head-up display image located in front of the vehicle window glass, so that the vehicle 1000 can realize a head-up display (HUD) or even an augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD).
  • relevant text and image information such as speed, engine speed, fuel consumption, tire pressure, dynamic navigation, night vision, real-view map, etc.
  • the projection assembly 20 is an element known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to lasers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), digital light processing (DLPs), electroluminescence (EL), cathode ray tubes (CRTs), vacuum fluorescent tubes (VFDs), collimators, spherical correction lenses, convex lenses, concave lenses, reflectors and/or polarizers, etc.
  • the position and incident angle of the projection assembly 20 are adjustable to suit observers at different positions or heights in the vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the vehicle window glass 200 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the vehicle window glass 200 may include a signal transmission area 200a and a head-up display area 200b.
  • the signal transmission area 200a is used for allowing the detection light 11 of the detection component 10 to pass through.
  • the head-up display area 200b is used to reflect the projection light 21 of the projection component 20 to form a head-up display image.
  • the vehicle window glass 200 may include a glass substrate 210 and a transparent nano film 220 disposed on the surface of the glass substrate 210.
  • the glass substrate 210 includes an outer surface 220 disposed opposite to the outer surface 220.
  • the outer surface 210b and the inner surface 210a, the transparent nano film 220 is arranged on the inner surface 210a.
  • the outer surface 210b is the side of the glass substrate 210 facing the outside of the vehicle after the vehicle window glass 200 is connected to the vehicle body 100
  • the inner surface 210a is the side of the glass substrate 210 facing the inside of the vehicle after the vehicle window glass 200 is connected to the vehicle body 100.
  • the transparent nano film 220 is used to simultaneously improve the transmittance of the vehicle window glass 200 to the detection light 11 of the detection component 10 and the reflectivity of the projection light 21 of the projection component 20, so that the vehicle window glass 200 can simultaneously meet the use requirements of the detection component 10 and the projection component 20. It can be understood that the vehicle window glass 200 can have a high transmittance to the detection light 11 to meet the high-precision working requirements of the detection component 10, and can have a high reflectivity to the projection light 21 to form a clear head-up display image without visual ghosting.
  • the transmittance of the vehicle window glass 200 to the detection light 11 incident at an incident angle of 50° to 73° is greater than or equal to 80%
  • the reflectivity of the vehicle window glass 200 to the projection light 21 incident on the surface of the vehicle window glass 200 facing the interior of the vehicle at an incident angle of 45° to 85° is greater than or equal to 20%.
  • the detection component 10 is a 905nm laser radar and/or a 1550nm laser radar, the detection component 10 emits and receives detection light 11 passing through the vehicle window glass 200, the vehicle window glass 200 is installed on the vehicle body 100 at an inclination angle of 25°, the detection light 11 passes through the signal transmission area 200a of the vehicle window glass 200 at an incident angle of approximately 65°, and the transmittance of the vehicle window glass 200 to the detection light 11 is greater than or equal to 80%; the projection light 21 is incident on the head-up display area 200b of the vehicle window glass 200 from the side inside the vehicle at an incident angle of approximately 65°, and the reflectivity of the vehicle window glass 200 to the projection light 21 is greater than or equal to 20%.
  • the wavelength of the projection light 21 can be in the range of 380nm to 780nm, which is related to the spectrum range of visible light that can be perceived by the human eye.
  • the wavelength range of the projection light 21 also covers the wavelength RGB related to the projection component 20: 469nm (blue), 529nm (green), 629nm (red). Therefore, the vehicle window glass 200 described in the present application can cooperate with the projection component 20 to realize the full-color display of the head-up display image.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the glass substrate 210 shown in FIG. 3 as a laminated glass.
  • the glass substrate 210 is a laminated glass, including an outer glass plate 211, an inner glass plate 212, and an intermediate layer 213 disposed between the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212.
  • the outer glass plate 211 includes a first surface 211a and a second surface 211b disposed oppositely.
  • the first surface 211a is away from the intermediate layer 213, and the second surface 211b is connected to the intermediate layer 213.
  • the first surface 211a is also the outer surface 210b of the glass substrate 210.
  • the inner glass plate 212 includes a third surface 212a and a fourth surface 212b disposed oppositely.
  • the third surface 212a is connected to the intermediate layer 213, the fourth surface 212b is away from the intermediate layer 213, and the fourth surface 212b is also the inner surface 210a of the glass substrate 210.
  • the transparent nano film 220 is disposed on the fourth surface 212b of the inner glass plate 212.
  • the transmittance of the outer glass plate 211 and/or the inner glass plate 212 to near infrared rays with a wavelength of 850nm to 1650nm is greater than or equal to 91%, and the visible light transmittance of the window glass 200 is greater than or equal to 70%, meeting the regulatory requirements for the front windshield of the vehicle 1000.
  • the laminated glass used as the front windshield is usually curved, but the shape of the laminated glass is not limited to the shape described above, and it can be any shape that meets the use requirements of the vehicle window glass 200.
  • the vehicle window glass 200 can also be in the shape of a flat plate.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not have strict requirements on the shape of the vehicle window glass 200.
  • the vehicle window glass 200 has a vertical curvature radius from the bottom edge to the top edge. In order to facilitate the design and production of the vehicle window glass 200, the vertical curvature radius is 4000mm-20000mm.
  • the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 may be ultra-transparent glass (ultra-white glass).
  • the content of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in ultra-transparent glass is relatively low.
  • the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 may contain 0 to 0.1% of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), for example, the content of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 is less than or equal to 0.09%, less than or equal to 0.08%, less than or equal to 0.07%, less than or equal to 0.05%, less than or equal to 0.04%, less than or equal to 0.03%, less than or equal to 0.02%, less than or equal to 0.015%, or less than or equal to 0.01%, and even the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 may substantially not contain iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ).
  • the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 may be soda-lime-silica ultra
  • the intermediate layer 213 is used to connect the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212, so that the vehicle window glass 200 presents a sandwich structure as a whole, so as to improve the safety of the vehicle window glass 200 and make it meet the safety standards and regulatory requirements for window glass for the vehicle 1000.
  • the material of the intermediate layer 213 can be polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) or ionic polymer film (SGP), etc.
  • the intermediate layer 213 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure can be exemplified by a double-layer structure, a three-layer structure, a four-layer structure, a five-layer structure, etc.
  • the intermediate layer 213 can also have other functions, such as setting at least one colored area as a shadow band to reduce the interference of sunlight to the human eye, or adding an infrared absorber to have a sunscreen or heat insulation function, or adding an ultraviolet absorber to have an ultraviolet shielding function, or at least one layer of the multi-layer structure has a higher plasticizer content to have a sound insulation function.
  • the conventional window glass 200 In order to eliminate the double image of the head-up display, the conventional window glass 200 usually adopts a wedge-shaped intermediate layer 213 with a wedge angle of at least 0.3 mrad, which makes it difficult to design, produce, and debug the imaging effect of the projection assembly 20.
  • the window glass 200 provided in the present application can be directly replaced by a common equal-thickness intermediate layer 213 to save costs and reduce the difficulty of design, production, and debugging.
  • the wedge angle of the equal-thickness intermediate layer 213 is substantially equal to 0, and the cross-sectional shape is roughly rectangular.
  • the present application can also use a wedge-shaped intermediate layer 213 with a smaller wedge angle, for example, the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped intermediate layer 213 is 0.01-0.15 mrad, such as 0.01 mrad, 0.02 mrad, 0.03 mrad, 0.04 mrad, 0.05 mrad, 0.06 mrad, 0.07 mrad, 0.08 mrad, 0.09 mrad, 0.10 mrad, 0.11 mrad, 0.12 mrad, 0.13 mrad, 0.14 mrad, 0.15 mrad, etc., so that the perspective ghosting produced by the scenery in the external environment of the vehicle 1000 through the window glass 200 can be further eliminated.
  • the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped intermediate layer 213 is 0.01-0.15 mrad, such as 0.01 mrad, 0.02 mrad, 0.03 mrad, 0.04 mrad, 0.05 mrad, 0.06 mrad, 0.07 mrad, 0.08 mrad, 0.09 mrad, 0.10 m
  • the wedge-shaped intermediate layer 213 with a smaller wedge angle can be obtained by a simple stretching process, so that the reflection ghosting and the perspective ghosting can be eliminated at the same time in a low-cost manner, and a higher quality projection image and observation effect can be obtained.
  • the middle layer 213 may be a transparent middle layer or a colored middle layer, and its visible light transmittance may be greater than or equal to 80%, preferably greater than or equal to 85%, and more preferably greater than or equal to 90%.
  • the thickness of the middle layer 213 may be 0.38 mm-1.6 mm, such as 0.38 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.6 mm, etc.
  • the middle layer 213 uses a colored middle layer with a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 80%, and the colored middle layer can absorb P polarized light with a wavelength in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm, so that it is easier to eliminate the visual ghosting phenomenon of the head-up display image.
  • the colored middle layer has a specific color, it is not necessary to pay too much attention to its own reflection color when designing the transparent nano film 220, thereby improving the design freedom of the transparent nano film 220.
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 is directly disposed on the fourth surface 212b of the glass substrate 210.
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 covers at least the signal transmission area 200a and the head-up display area 200b.
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 can cover at least 60% of the area of the fourth surface 212b, or at least 70% of the area, or at least 80% of the area, or at least 90% of the area, or even 100% of the area.
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 can simultaneously meet the high-precision working requirements of the detection component 10 and the clear and visually ghost-free requirements of the head-up display image.
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 can achieve coverage of the signal transmission area 200a and the head-up display area 200b through a single deposition process, avoiding the use of a traditional partition deposition process, thereby reducing process steps, reducing production difficulty and improving production efficiency.
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 includes a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222, and an outermost low refractive index layer 223.
  • the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222, and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 are stacked in sequence.
  • the refractive index of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is between 1.61 and 2.59.
  • the refractive index of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is between 2.60 and 2.72.
  • the refractive index of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is between 1.35 and 1.60.
  • the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 may be 5 nm to 55 nm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 may be 5 nm to 45 nm. In other embodiments, the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 may be 5 nm to 35 nm.
  • the thickness of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 may be 35nm-70nm, and in some embodiments, the thickness of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 may be 45nm-65nm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 may be 45nm-60nm. In some embodiments, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is a TiO x layer, and the proportion of rutile structure TiO x in the TiO x layer is at least 90%. TiO x generally has anatase structure, rutile structure and brookite structure, and rutile structure TiO x has high stability.
  • the proportion of rutile structure TiO x in the TiO x layer is preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, or even 100%, that is, all rutile structure TiO x .
  • the refractive index n of the TiO x layer is 2.60-2.72, and the extinction coefficient k of the TiO x layer is ⁇ 0.0015.
  • the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 may be 80nm-130nm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 may be 90nm-120nm. In other embodiments, the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 may be 85nm-130nm. In other embodiments, the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 may be 80nm-105nm.
  • the transparent nano film 220 may further include at least one stacked structure 220a.
  • the stacked structure 220a may include a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer.
  • the material of the high refractive index layer may be at least one of SiNxOy , SiBNxOy , SiTiNxOy , SiAlNxOy , SiZrNxOy , ZnOx, ZnAlOx , ZnOx , ZnSnOx , SiNx , SiAlNx , SiBNx , SiTiNx , SiZrNx , TiOx , NbOx , ZrOx , etc., 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3;
  • the material of the low refractive index layer may be at least one of silicon oxide ( SiOx ), silicon boron oxide ( SiBOx ), silicon aluminum oxide ( SiAlOx ), silicon titanium oxide ( SiTiOx
  • the transparent nano film 220 is a three-layer structure, which includes a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222, and an outermost low refractive index layer 223.
  • the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222, and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 are sequentially disposed on the fourth surface 212b of the inner glass plate 212.
  • the material of the standard high refractive index layer 221 can be one of SiNxOy , SiBNxOy , SiTiNxOy , SiAlNxOy , SiZrNxOy , ZnOx , ZnAlOx , ZnOx , ZnSnOx , SiNx , SiAlNx , SiBNx , SiTiNx , SiZrNx , TiOx , NbOx , and ZrOx .
  • the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is between 5nm and 35nm (including the end values of 5nm and 35nm).
  • the refractive index of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is between 1.61 and 2.59 (including the end values of 1.61 and 2.59).
  • the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is titanium oxide ( TiOx , 1.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
  • the refractive index n value of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is between 2.60 and 2.72 (including endpoint values 2.60 and 2.72), and its thickness can be between 45nm-65nm (including endpoint values 45nm and 65nm).
  • the refractive index of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 can be 2.60, 2.61, 2.62, 2.65, 2.69, 2.70, 2.71 or 2.72.
  • the refractive index n value of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is between 1.35 and 1.60 (including endpoint values 1.35 and 1.60).
  • the refractive index of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 can be 1.35, 1.40, 1.45, 1.50, 1.55 or 1.60.
  • the material of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 may be one of silicon oxide ( SiOx ), silicon boron oxide ( SiBOx ), silicon aluminum oxide ( SiAlOx ), silicon titanium oxide ( SiTiOx ), and silicon zirconium oxide ( SiZrOx ), wherein 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 3.
  • the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 may range from 90nm to 120nm (including the end values of 90nm and 120nm).
  • This embodiment further provides three examples and two comparative examples to explore the performance of the vehicle window glass 200 of the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the vehicle window glass 200 provided in Example 1 includes a glass substrate 210, and a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222, and an outermost low refractive index layer 223 sequentially arranged on the fourth surface 212b of the glass substrate 210.
  • the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 of the glass substrate 210 are both ultra-white glass, and the thickness of the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 are both 2.1 mm.
  • the material of the intermediate layer 213 connecting the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 is equal-thickness PVB, and the thickness of the intermediate layer 213 is 0.76 mm.
  • the material of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is SiO x N y , and its thickness is 23.5 nm.
  • the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.61, and its thickness is 58.1 nm.
  • the material of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is SiO 2 , and its thickness is 97 nm.
  • the standard high refractive index layer 221 is formed by a magnetron sputtering method, and the target power source of the magnetron sputtering is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF).
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is formed by a magnetron sputtering method, and the target power source of the magnetron sputtering is a high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source (HiPIMS).
  • the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is formed by a magnetron sputtering method, and the target power source of the magnetron sputtering is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF).
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Example 2 The same parts as in Example 1 are not described again.
  • the difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is 11.9 nm, the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.72 and a thickness of 58.7 nm, and the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is 100.9 nm.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • Example 3 The same parts as those of Example 1 are not described again.
  • the difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the material of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is ZnSnO 3 , and the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is 6.4 nm.
  • the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.69, and its thickness is 58.7 nm.
  • the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is 100.9 nm.
  • Comparative Example 1 The same parts of Comparative Example 1 as those of Example 1 will not be described in detail. The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the vehicle window glass 200 of Comparative Example 1 is not provided with a transparent nano film 220 .
  • Example 2 The same parts as those in Example 1 are not described again.
  • the target power source of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 in Example 2 during magnetron sputtering is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF)
  • the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.50.
  • the vehicle window glasses 200 of comparative examples 1-2 and embodiments 1-3 are respectively integrated with the detection assembly 10 and the projection assembly 20, and the reflectivity Rp of P-polarized light, the reflected color Lab value, the visible light transmittance and the P-polarized light transmittance are measured and calculated.
  • the projection assembly 20 emits a projection light 21 with a wavelength ranging from 380 nm to 780 nm, and the projection light 21 contains at least 99% of P polarized light.
  • the detection component 10 emits and receives detection light 11 with wavelengths of 905 nm and 1550 nm, and the detection light 11 contains at least 99% of P polarized light.
  • P-polarized light transmittance The transmittance of the detection light incident at different angles of incidence on the window glass 200 from the side where the transparent nanofilm 220 is provided is recorded, and the transmittances T(905nm) and T(1550nm) of 905nm and 1550nm at incident angles of 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, and 73° are recorded respectively.
  • P-polarized light reflectivity The reflectivity of the window glass 200 to the projection light incident at 65° from the side of the window glass 200 where the transparent nanofilm 220 is provided, and the reflectivity Rf at wavelengths of 469nm (blue), 529nm (green), and 629nm (red) are recorded respectively.
  • Visible light transmittance TL calculated according to ISO9050.
  • Reflected color L, a, b calculated from the outer surface of the window glass 200, based on D65 light source and 10° field of view, according to the CIE Lab color model, L represents brightness, a value represents red and green values, and b value represents yellow and blue values.
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 is not set in Comparative Example 1, its P-polarized light reflectivity is much less than 20%, and even the P-polarized light reflectivity Rf at wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm, and 629nm is less than 3%, which makes the window glass 200 of Comparative Example 1 unable to achieve the head-up display function; and the transmittance of P-polarized light with a wavelength of 1550nm drops sharply to less than 80% in the range of incident angles of 50° to 73°, which makes the window glass 200 of Comparative Example 1 unable to meet the detection requirements of the 1550nm laser radar at an incident angle of 73°.
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is deposited using a conventional medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF). After the transparent nanofilm 220 and the inner glass plate 212 are subjected to a high temperature heat treatment of at least 560°C and a bending forming process, such as a bending forming process for automobile glass, a refractive index n ⁇ 2.6 and an extinction coefficient k ⁇ 0.001 are obtained.
  • the TiO x film layer is used as the enhanced high refractive index layer 222.
  • the window glass 200 of Comparative Example 2 can meet the high transmittance requirement of 80% or more of the P polarized light transmittance of the 905nm laser radar and the 1550nm laser radar in the range of the incident angle of 50° to 73°, its P polarized light reflectivity Rf at wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm and 629nm is less than 20%, wherein the P polarized light reflectivity Rf at wavelengths of 529nm and 629nm is less than 15%, so that the brightness of the head-up display image may not be enough, and a higher power projection component needs to be selected, and the high power projection component will generate a lot of heat during its operation, thereby causing heat accumulation, which is not conducive to the heat dissipation of the projection component.
  • the reflected color Lab value and visible light transmittance TL of the vehicle window glass 200 of Examples 1-3 also indicate that the vehicle window glass 200 can meet the safety requirements for use of the vehicle 1000 and can present a nice light blue color when the vehicle window glass 200 is observed from the outside.
  • Example 1-3 a transparent nanofilm 220 is provided and a high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source (HiPIMS) is used to deposit an enhanced high refractive index layer 222.
  • HiPIMS high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 and the inner glass plate 212 are subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment of at least 560°C and a bending forming process, such as an automotive glass baking bending forming process, a TiO x film layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 2.6 and an extinction coefficient k ⁇ 0.003 is obtained as the enhanced high refractive index layer 222.
  • the window glass 200 of Examples 1-3 can not only meet the high transmittance requirement of 80% or more of the P polarized light transmittance of 905nm laser radar and 1550nm laser radar in the range of 50° to 73°, but also can achieve a P polarized light reflectivity of 20% or more at wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm, and 629nm, and at the same time meet the use requirements of the detection component 10 and the projection component 20.
  • the extreme difference in the P-polarized light reflectivity at wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm, and 629nm is less than or equal to 3%, that is, the maximum value minus the minimum value among Rf(469nm), Rf(529nm), and Rf(629nm) is less than or equal to 3%, making its P-polarized light reflection spectrum smooth and achieving neutral color display of the head-up display image.
  • the second possible implementation is:
  • the transparent nano film 220 includes a laminated structure 220a, a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and an outermost low refractive index layer 223.
  • the laminated structure 220a includes a first high refractive index layer 224 and a first low refractive index layer 225.
  • the first high refractive index layer 224, the first low refractive index layer 225, the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 are sequentially arranged on the fourth surface 212b.
  • the film thickness of the first high refractive index layer 224 can be between 2nm-180nm (including the endpoint values 2nm and 180nm).
  • the film thickness of the first low refractive index layer 225 can be between 30nm-85nm (including the endpoint values 30nm and 85nm).
  • the thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 can be between 5nm and 55nm (including the endpoints 5nm and 55nm).
  • the thickness of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 can be between 45nm and 65nm (including the endpoints 45nm and 65nm).
  • the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 can be between 85nm and 130nm (including the endpoints 85nm and 130nm).
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • the vehicle window glass 200 provided in Example 4 includes a glass substrate 210 and a first high refractive index layer 224, a first low refractive index layer 225, a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and an outermost low refractive index layer 223 sequentially arranged on the fourth surface 212b of the glass substrate 210.
  • the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 of the glass substrate 210 are both ultra-white glass, and the thickness of the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 is 2.1 mm.
  • the material of the intermediate layer 213 connecting the outer glass plate 211 and the inner glass plate 212 is equal thickness PVB, and the thickness of the intermediate layer 213 is 0.76 mm.
  • the material of the first high refractive index layer 224 is SiO x N y , and its thickness is 152.8 nm;
  • the material of the first low refractive index layer 225 is SiO 2 , and its thickness is 71.2 nm;
  • the material of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is SiO x N y , and its thickness is 44.7 nm;
  • the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.72, and its thickness is 46.7 nm;
  • the material of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is SiO 2 , and its thickness is 99.3 nm.
  • the first high refractive index layer 224, the first low refractive index layer 225, the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 are all formed by a magnetron sputtering method.
  • the target power source for magnetron sputtering of the first high refractive index layer 224, the first low refractive index layer 225, the standard high refractive index layer 221 and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF).
  • the target power source for magnetron sputtering of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is a high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source (HiPIMS).
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • Example 5 The same parts as those of Example 4 are not described in detail.
  • the difference between Example 5 and Example 4 is that the film thickness of the first high refractive index layer 224 is 27.7 nm.
  • the film thickness of the first low refractive index layer 225 is 38.9 nm.
  • the material of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is SiN x .
  • the film thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is 17.5 nm.
  • the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.62, and its thickness is 47.7 nm.
  • the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is 124.9 nm.
  • Embodiment 6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 6
  • Example 6 The same parts of Example 6 as those of Example 4 are not described in detail.
  • the difference between Example 6 and Example 4 is that the thickness of the SiO x N y film layer of the first high refractive index layer 224 is 166.6 nm.
  • the thickness of the second low refractive index layer 227 is 75.8 nm.
  • the material of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is Nb 2 O 5 , and the material of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is 22.9 nm.
  • the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.70 and a thickness of 46.4 nm.
  • the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is 92.4 nm.
  • Comparative Example 3 The same parts of Comparative Example 3 and Example 4 are not repeated here.
  • the difference from Example 4 is that the power source used in the magnetron sputtering process of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 in Comparative Example 3 is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF), and the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.50.
  • MF medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source
  • the vehicle window glass 200 of Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 3 is respectively integrated with the detection assembly 10 and the projection assembly 20, and the reflectivity Rp, the reflected color Lab value, the visible light transmittance and the P polarized light transmittance of the P polarized light are measured and calculated.
  • the measurement method is the same as that of Examples 1-3, and the measurement results of Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 3 are recorded in Table 2.
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 in Comparative Example 3 is deposited using a conventional medium frequency magnetron sputtering power supply (MF).
  • MF medium frequency magnetron sputtering power supply
  • the 1550nm P polarized light transmittance of the window glass 200 of Comparative Example 3 drops sharply to less than 80% within the range of an incident angle of 50° to 73°, so that the window glass 200 of Comparative Example 3 cannot meet the detection requirements of the 1550nm laser radar at an incident angle of 73°.
  • the P polarized light reflectivity Rf of the window glass 200 of Comparative Example 3 at wavelengths of 469nm and 629nm is less than 20%, which may make the brightness of the head-up display image insufficient, and a higher power projection component 20 needs to be selected, which is not conducive to the heat dissipation of the projection component 20.
  • the Lab value of the window glass 200 of comparative example 3 has a value of 3.8, and the reflected color is reddish.
  • the reflected color Lab values and visible light transmittance TL of the window glass 200 of examples 4-6 also show that the window glass 200 can meet the safety requirements for the use of the vehicle 1000 and can present a nice light blue color when the window glass 200 is observed from the outside.
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is deposited by using a high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source (HiPIMS). After the transparent nanofilm and the inner glass plate are subjected to a high temperature heat treatment of at least 560°C and a bending forming process, such as an automotive glass bending forming process, a TiO x film layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 2.6 and an extinction coefficient k ⁇ 0.002 is obtained as the enhanced high refractive index layer 222.
  • HiPIMS high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source
  • the window glass 200 of Example 4-6 can not only meet the high transmittance requirement of 80% or more of the P polarized light transmittance of 905nm laser radar and 1550nm laser radar in the range of 50° to 73°, but also can achieve a P polarized light reflectivity of 20% or more at wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm, and 629nm, and at the same time meet the use requirements of the detection component 10 and the projection component 20.
  • the extreme difference in the P-polarized light reflectivity at wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm, and 629nm is less than or equal to 3%, that is, the maximum value minus the minimum value among Rf(469nm), Rf(529nm), and Rf(629nm) is less than or equal to 3%, or even less than or equal to 2%, and even less than or equal to 1%, so that the P-polarized light reflection spectrum is smoothed to achieve a neutral color display of the head-up display image.
  • Figure 7 is a spectral reflectance curve of the vehicle window glass 200 provided in Example 4 for P-polarized light with a wavelength in the range of 380nm to 1600nm incident at an incident angle of 65°.
  • Figure 7 shows that the P-polarized light reflectance of the vehicle window glass 200 at wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm, and 629nm is greater than or equal to 22%, and the P-polarized light reflectance at a wavelength of 905nm is only 4.9%, and the P-polarized light reflectance at a wavelength of 1550nm is only 1.2%, which can meet the use requirements of the detection component 10 and the projection component 20 at the same time.
  • the transparent nano film 220 includes two laminated structures 220a, namely a first laminated structure 2201 and a second laminated structure 2202.
  • the first laminated structure 2201 includes a first high refractive index layer 224 and a first low refractive index layer 225
  • the second laminated structure 2202 includes a second high refractive index layer 226 and a second low refractive index layer 227.
  • the first high refractive index layer 224, the first low refractive index layer 225, the second high refractive index layer 226, the second low refractive index layer 227, the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 are sequentially arranged on the fourth surface 212b.
  • the film thickness of the first high refractive index layer 224 can be between 140nm-190nm (including the endpoint values 140nm and 190nm).
  • the film thickness of the first low refractive index layer 225 can be between 5nm-95nm (including endpoint values 5nm and 95nm).
  • the film thickness of the second high refractive index layer 226 can be between 130nm-205nm (including endpoint values 130nm and 205nm).
  • the film thickness of the second low refractive index layer 227 can be between 25nm-90nm (including endpoint values 25nm and 90nm).
  • the film thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 can be between 5nm-45nm (including endpoint values 5nm and 45nm).
  • the film thickness of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 can be between 45nm-60nm (including endpoint values 45nm and 60nm).
  • the film thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 can be between 80nm-105nm (including endpoint values 80nm and 105nm).
  • This embodiment also provides two examples and a comparative example to explore the performance of the vehicle window glass 200 of the third embodiment.
  • Embodiment 7 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 7:
  • the vehicle window glass 200 provided in Example 7 includes a glass substrate 210, and a first high refractive index layer 224, a first low refractive index layer 225, a second high refractive index layer 226, a second low refractive index layer 227, a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and an outermost low refractive index layer 223, which are sequentially arranged on the fourth surface 212b of the glass substrate 210.
  • the material of the first high refractive index layer 224 is SiO x N y , and its thickness is 169.5 nm;
  • the material of the first low refractive index layer 225 is SiO 2 , and its thickness is 37.8 nm;
  • the material of the second high refractive index layer 226 is ZnSnO 3 , and its thickness is 165.6 nm;
  • the material of the second low refractive index layer 227 is SiO 2 , and its thickness is 70.2 nm;
  • the material of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is Nb 2 O 5 , and its thickness is 23.2 nm;
  • the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.71 and a thickness of 56.5 nm;
  • the material of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is SiO 2 , and its thickness is 85.6 nm.
  • the first high refractive index layer 224, the first low refractive index layer 225, the second high refractive index layer 226, the second low refractive index layer 227, the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 are all formed by a magnetron sputtering method.
  • the target power source for magnetron sputtering of the first high refractive index layer 224, the first low refractive index layer 225, the second high refractive index layer 226, the second low refractive index layer 227, the standard high refractive index layer 221 and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF).
  • the target power source for magnetron sputtering of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is a high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source (HiPIMS).
  • Embodiment 8 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 8
  • Example 8 The same parts as those of Example 7 are not described in detail.
  • the difference between Example 8 and Example 7 is that the thickness of the first high refractive index layer 224 is 159.8 nm.
  • the thickness of the first low refractive index layer 225 is 11.5 nm.
  • the material of the second high refractive index layer 226 is SiO x N y , and the thickness of the second high refractive index layer 226 is 150 nm.
  • the thickness of the second low refractive index layer 227 is 63.5 nm.
  • the material of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is SiO x N y , and the film thickness of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is 34.4 nm.
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.65, and its thickness is 52.8 nm.
  • the thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is 92.6 nm.
  • Example 8 The same parts of Comparative Example 4 and Example 8 are not repeated here.
  • the difference from Example 8 is that the target power source used in the magnetic sputtering process of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 in Comparative Example 4 is a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF), and the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is TiO x with a refractive index of 2.50.
  • MF medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source
  • the vehicle window glass 200 of Examples 7, 8 and Comparative Example 4 was respectively integrated with the detection assembly 10 and the projection assembly 20, and the reflectivity Rp, the reflected color Lab value, the visible light transmittance and the P polarized light transmittance of the P polarized light were measured and calculated.
  • the measurement method is the same as that of Examples 1-3, and the measurement results of Examples 7, 8 and Comparative Example 4 are recorded in Table 3.
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 in Comparative Example 4 is deposited using a conventional medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF).
  • MF medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source
  • the 1550nm P polarized light transmittance of the window glass 200 of Comparative Example 4 drops sharply to less than 80% within the range of an incident angle of 50° to 73°, so that the window glass 200 of Comparative Example 4 cannot meet the detection requirements of the 1550nm laser radar at an incident angle of 73°.
  • the P polarized light reflectivity Rf of the window glass 200 of Comparative Example 4 at a wavelength of 629nm is less than 19%, which may make the brightness of the head-up display image insufficient, and a higher power projection component 20 needs to be selected, which is not conducive to the heat dissipation of the projection component 20.
  • the reflected color Lab value and visible light transmittance TL of the vehicle window glass 200 of Examples 6-7 also indicate that the vehicle window glass 200 can meet the safety requirements for use of the vehicle 1000 and can present a nice light blue color when the vehicle window glass 200 is observed from the outside.
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is deposited by using a high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source (HiPIMS).
  • HiPIMS high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source
  • the transparent nanofilm and the inner glass plate are subjected to a high temperature heat treatment of at least 560°C and a bending forming process, such as an automotive glass baking and bending forming process, a TiO x film layer with a refractive index n ⁇ 2.6 and an extinction coefficient k ⁇ 0.0015 is obtained as the enhanced high refractive index layer 222.
  • the window glass 200 of Example 7-8 can not only meet the high transmittance requirement of 80% or more of the P polarized light transmittance of 905nm laser radar and 1550nm laser radar in the range of 50° to 73°, but also can achieve a P polarized light reflectivity of 22% or more at wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm, and 629nm, thereby achieving a high brightness head-up display image.
  • the extreme difference in the P-polarized light reflectivity at wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm, and 629nm is less than or equal to 3%, that is, the maximum value minus the minimum value among Rf(469nm), Rf(529nm), and Rf(629nm) is less than or equal to 3%, or even less than or equal to 2%, and even less than or equal to 1%, so that the P-polarized light reflection spectrum is smoothed to achieve a neutral color display of the head-up display image.
  • the present application also provides a method for preparing a vehicle window glass 200.
  • FIG. 9, is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a vehicle window glass 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the specific structure of the vehicle window glass 200 can be referred to FIGS. 1 to 8 and the above description.
  • the improvements of the vehicle window glass 200 can be applied to the above description of the vehicle window glass 200 without conflict.
  • the method includes:
  • S100 Provide an inner glass plate 212 .
  • a transparent nano film 220 is formed on the surface of the inner glass plate 212, wherein the transparent nano film 220 includes a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222, and an outermost low refractive index layer 223, and in a direction away from the inner glass plate 212, the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222, and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 are stacked in sequence.
  • the refractive index of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is between 1.61 and 2.59, the refractive index of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is greater than or equal to 2.6, and the refractive index of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is between 1.35 and 1.60.
  • the refractive index of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is between 2.60 and 2.72.
  • Steps S100 , S200 , and S300 will be described as follows.
  • the first embodiment: the transparent nanofilm 220 is a three-layer structure.
  • steps S100, S200 and S300 are as follows:
  • S100 Provide an inner glass plate 212 .
  • the inner glass plate 212 is made of 2.1 mm thick borosilicate float ultra-white. After the inner glass plate 212 is cut, edged, washed and dried, it enters the magnetron sputtering coating line for coating deposition. After the deposition is completed, it is hot bent. Formed or tempered annealed.
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 comprises a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and an outermost low refractive index layer 223, and in a direction away from the inner surface 210a, the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 are stacked in sequence, the refractive index of the standard high refractive index layer 221 is between 1.61 and 2.59, the refractive index of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is greater than or equal to 2.6, and the refractive index of the outermost low refractive index layer 223 is between 1.35 and 1.60.
  • magnetron sputtering is performed on the surface of the inner glass plate 212 to form a standard high refractive index layer 221 .
  • the SiOxNy film layer is subjected to hot bending or tempering annealing to obtain the standard high refractive index layer 221 described above.
  • a high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source (HiPIMS) is used as a target power source
  • Ar is used as a process gas to perform magnetron sputtering on the side of the standard high refractive index layer 221 away from the inner glass plate 212 to form a TiO x film layer.
  • the TiO x film layer is subjected to hot bending or tempering annealing to obtain the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 described above.
  • the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 of the present application is formed by sputtering TiO 2 onto the glass substrate 210 using a high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source (HiPIMS).
  • HiPIMS high power pulsed magnetron sputtering power source
  • magnetron sputtering is performed on the surface of the glass plate 212 away from the standard high refractive index layer 221 in the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 to form the outermost low refractive index layer 223 .
  • magnetron sputtering is performed on the surface of the glass plate 212 inside the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 away from the standard high refractive index layer 221 to form a SiO2 film layer, which is also the outermost low refractive index layer 223 mentioned above.
  • the above inner glass plate 212 is matched with the outer glass plate 211, and the inner glass plate 212 and the outer glass plate 211 are matched and combined to form a sandwich structure vehicle window glass 200.
  • the same contents as those of the first embodiment of the aforementioned preparation method are not repeated here.
  • the difference from the first embodiment of the preparation method is that the following steps may be included before magnetron sputtering is performed on the fourth surface 212b of the inner glass plate 212 to form the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 in step S200.
  • At least one laminated structure 220a is formed on the surface of the inner glass plate 212, wherein one laminated structure 220a includes a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer.
  • the transparent nanofilm 220 may include a laminated structure 220a and a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and an outermost low refractive index layer 223, wherein the laminated structure 220a includes a first high refractive index layer 224 and a first low refractive index layer 225.
  • the preparation method of the laminated structure 220a includes steps 1 and 2.
  • Step 1 forming a first high refractive index layer 224 on the fourth surface 212 b of the inner glass plate 212 .
  • the material of the first high refractive index layer 224 is SiOxNy .
  • Step 2 forming a first low refractive index layer 225 on a surface of the first high refractive index layer 224 away from the inner glass plate 212 .
  • the material of the first low refractive index layer 225 is SiO2 .
  • a standard high refractive index layer 221 is formed on the surface of the first low refractive index layer 225 away from the first high refractive index layer 224.
  • An enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is formed on the surface of the standard high refractive index layer 221 away from the first low refractive index layer 225.
  • An outermost low refractive index layer 223 is formed on the surface of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 away from the standard high refractive index layer 221.
  • the method of forming the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 can refer to the description of the first embodiment of the method for preparing the vehicle window glass 200. This embodiment does not repeat step 2 and subsequent steps.
  • the transparent nano film 220 is a seven-layer structure.
  • the transparent nano film 220 may include two stacked structures 220a, and the two stacked structures 220a are respectively a first stacked structure 2201 and a second stacked structure 2202.
  • the first stacked structure 2201 includes a first high refractive index layer 224 and a first low refractive index layer 225.
  • the second stacked structure 2202 includes a second high refractive index layer 226 and a second low refractive index layer 227.
  • the method for preparing the laminated structure 220a includes step 1, step 2, step 3 and step 4.
  • the specific methods of step 1 and step 2 are the same as the description of step 1 and step 2 in the first possible implementation mode, and are not described in detail here.
  • the second high refractive index layer 226 is formed by step 3
  • the second low refractive index layer 227 is formed by step 4.
  • Step 3 forming a second high refractive index layer 226 on a surface of the first low refractive index layer 225 away from the first high refractive index layer 224 .
  • the material of the second high refractive index layer 226 is SiOxNy .
  • Step 4 forming a second low refractive index layer 227 on a surface of the second high refractive index layer 226 away from the first low refractive index layer 225 .
  • a medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source MF
  • a second low refractive index layer 226 is formed on a surface away from the first low refractive index layer 225 by magnetron sputtering. 227.
  • the material of the second low refractive index layer 227 is SiO 2 .
  • a standard high refractive index layer 221 and an enhanced high refractive index layer 222 are formed on the surface of the second low refractive index layer 227 away from the second high refractive index layer 226.
  • An enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is formed on the surface of the standard high refractive index layer 221 away from the first low refractive index layer 225.
  • An outermost low refractive index layer 223 is formed on the surface of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 away from the standard high refractive index layer 221.
  • the method of forming the standard high refractive index layer 221, the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and the outermost low refractive index layer 223 can refer to the description of the first embodiment of the method for preparing the vehicle window glass 200. This embodiment does not repeat step 4 and the subsequent steps.
  • the TiO x layer prepared by using medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source (MF) as the target power source has the disadvantages of weak adhesion and low ionization rate.
  • MF medium frequency magnetron sputtering power source
  • the TiO x layer is mixed with rutile structure TiO x and anatase structure TiO x . Since the anatase structure TiO x is a metastable phase, the refractive index n value of the TiO x layer is 2.50 and the extinction coefficient k is less than 0.001.
  • the TiO x layer prepared by using high power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) as the target power source has strong adhesion and high ionization rate.
  • HiPIMS high power pulsed magnetron sputtering
  • the TiO x layer is mainly rutile structure TiO x .
  • the rutile structure TiO x in the TiO x layer accounts for at least 90%, or even all of it is rutile structure TiO x .
  • the rutile structure TiO x has high stability, which makes the TiO
  • the refractive index n of the x layer is 2.60 to 2.72, and the extinction coefficient k is ⁇ 0.0015.
  • the transparent nano film 220 of the window glass 200 includes at least a standard high refractive index layer 221, an enhanced high refractive index layer 222 and an outermost low refractive index layer 223, wherein the refractive index n value of the material of the enhanced high refractive index layer 222 is greater than or equal to 2.60.
  • a TiO x layer with a refractive index n value of 2.60-2.72 can be obtained after a high temperature heat treatment of at least 560°C and a bending forming treatment, and through a reasonable film system design, the window glass 200 has both high reflectivity performance for the projection light 21 (the reflectivity of the window glass 200 for P polarized light with wavelengths of 469nm, 529nm, and 629nm is greater than or equal to 20%) and high transmittance performance for the detection light 11 (the transmittance of the window glass 200 for P polarized light with wavelengths of 905nm and 1550nm is greater than or equal to 80%).
  • HiPIMS high power pulsed magnetron sputtering
  • the vehicle window glass 200 of the present application only needs to be provided with one transparent nanofilm, so that the head-up display function and the detection function can be integrated into the vehicle window glass 200 at the same time, avoiding the use of the traditional partitioned deposition process to set coatings with different functions, thereby reducing the process steps, reducing the production difficulty and improving the production efficiency.
  • the a value in the Lab value of the reflection color of the vehicle window glass 200 provided by the present application is less than 3, and the b value is less than 0.5, so that the vehicle window glass 200 provided by the present application presents a beautiful light blue color.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种车窗玻璃及其制备方法、车辆，包括玻璃基板和透明纳米膜，所述玻璃基板包括相对设置的外表面和内表面，所述透明纳米膜设置在所述内表面上，所述透明纳米膜包括标准高折射率层、增强高折射率层和最外低折射率层，在远离所述内表面的方向上，所述标准高折射率层、所述增强高折射率层与所述最外低折射率层依次层叠设置；所述标准高折射率层的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，所述增强高折射率层的折射率大于或等于2.6，所述最外低折射率层的折射率在1.35-1.60之间。本申请提供的技术方案能够同时满足对激光雷达信号的透过率要求和抬头显示系统的反射率要求。

Description

车窗玻璃及其制备方法、车辆
本申请要求于2022年10月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211256693.1、申请名称为“车窗玻璃及其制备方法、车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及玻璃技术领域，尤其涉及一种车窗玻璃及其制备方法、车辆。
背景技术
随着汽车智能化发展，抬头显示(Head Up Display，HUD)系统越来越多的应用在汽车上，通过抬头显示系统可以将重要的行车信息，例如速度、发动机转数、油耗、胎压、导航以及外接智能设备的信息实时地显示在驾驶员的视野中，使驾驶员不需要低头就可以观察到仪表盘等设备上的信息，从而避免分散驾驶员对前方道路的注意力；同时使得驾驶员不必在观察远方的道路和近处的仪表之间调节眼睛，可以避免眼睛的疲劳，能够极大地增强行车安全和改进驾驶体验。
同时，近些年随着自动驾驶需求的爆发，激光雷达也越来越多地应用于汽车上。如果将激光雷达安装在车顶等车辆外部，激光雷达需要面对各种气候环境的影响以及汽车行驶过程中抖动对其稳定性和精确度的考验。因此，越来越多的解决方案是将激光雷达安装到车辆内部，那么激光雷达的探测光线就需要穿过车窗玻璃进行传输，但是传统的车窗玻璃为了满足隔热需求而使得红外线的透过率较低，使得现有的车窗玻璃无法直接满足激光雷达高精度探测的正常工作需求。
而为了使抬头显示系统的HUD图像可以清晰无重影地显示，则需要车窗玻璃对投影光线具有较高的反射率。目前，现有的车窗玻璃难以同时满足对激光雷达信号的高透过率要求和抬头显示系统的高反射率的要求。
发明内容
本申请的实施例提供一种车窗玻璃及其制备方法、车辆，能够同时满足对雷达信号的透过率要求和抬头显示系统的反射率要求。
第一方面，本申请提供一种车窗玻璃，包括玻璃基板和透明纳米膜，所述玻璃基板包括相对设置的外表面和内表面，所述透明纳米膜设置在所述内表面上，所述透明纳米膜包括标准高折射率层、增强高折射率层和最外低折射率层，在远离所述内表面的方向上，所述标准高折射率层、所述增强高折射率层与所述最外低折射率层依次层叠设置；
所述标准高折射率层的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，所述增强高折射率层的折射率大于或等于2.6，所述最外低折射率层的折射率在1.35-1.60之间。
可以理解的是，当增强高折射率层的折射率大于或等于2.6时，设置有透明纳米膜的车窗玻璃对激光雷达信号可以有较高的透过率，且车窗玻璃朝向车内的一侧表面对抬头显示系统的投影光线也具有较高的反射率。激光雷达和抬头显示系统可以同时集成与车窗玻璃配合使用，从而使车辆可以更好的辅助驾驶员行驶。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述车窗玻璃对以50°～73°入射角入射的波长为850nm～1650nm的P偏振光的透过率大于或等于80％。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述车窗玻璃对从车内一侧以45°～85°入射角入射的波长为 380nm～780nm的P偏振光的反射率大于或者等于20％。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述标准高折射率层的厚度为5nm-55nm。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述增强高折射率层的厚度为35nm-70nm。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述最外低折射率层的厚度为80nm-130nm。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述增强高折射率层为TiOx层，所述TiOx层中的金红石结构TiOx的占比至少为90％。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述TiOx层的折射率n为2.60～2.72，所述TiOx层的消光系数k≥0.0015。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述玻璃基板包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板和设于所述外玻璃板与所述内玻璃板之间的中间层，所述外玻璃板远离所述中间层的表面为所述外表面，所述内玻璃板远离所述中间层的表面为所述内表面，所述外玻璃板和/或所述内玻璃板对波长为850nm～1650nm的近红外线的透过率大于或等于91％。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述透明纳米膜仅包括所述标准高折射率层、所述增强高折射率层和所述最外低折射率层，所述标准高折射率层的厚度为5nm-35nm，所述增强高折射率层的厚度为45nm-65nm，所述最外低折射率层的厚度为90nm-120nm。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述透明纳米膜还包括至少一个叠层结构，至少一个所述叠层结构设于所述标准高折射率层与所述内玻璃板之间，每个所述叠层结构包括依次层叠的高折射率层和低折射率层，所述高折射率层的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，所述低折射率层的折射率在1.35-1.60之间。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述叠层结构的数量为一个，且所述高折射率层设于所述内玻璃板远离所述中间层的表面，所述低折射率层设于所述高折射率层与所述标准高折射率层之间，所述高折射率层的膜层厚度为2nm-180nm，且所述低折射率层的膜层厚度为30nm-85nm，所述标准高折射率层的厚度为5nm-55nm，所述增强高折射率层的厚度为45nm-65nm，所述最外低折射率层的厚度为85nm-130nm。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述叠层结构的数量为两个，且分别为第一叠层结构和第二叠层结构，所述第一叠层结构包括第一高折射率层和第一低折射率层，所述第二叠层结构包括第二高折射率层和第二低折射率层，所述第一高折射率层、所述第一低折射率层、所述第二高折射率层、所述第二低折射率层、所述标准高折射率层、所述增强高折射率层和所述最外低折射率层依次层叠设置于所述内玻璃板远离所述中间层的表面，所述第一高折射率层的膜层厚度为140nm-190nm，所述第一低折射率层的膜层厚度为5nm-95nm，所述第二高折射率层的膜层厚度为130nm-205nm，所述第二低折射率层的膜层厚度为25nm-90nm，所述标准高折射率层的厚度为5nm-45nm，所述增强高折射率层的厚度为45nm-60nm，所述最外低折射率层的厚度为80nm-105nm。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述中间层的楔角等于0，或为0.01mrad～0.15mrad。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述中间层为可见光透过率大于或等于80％的着色中间层。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述车窗玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于70％，从外表面一侧测量所述车窗玻璃的反射颜色的Lab值：a＜3、b＜0.5。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述车窗玻璃对从车内一侧以65°入射角入射的波长为469nm、529nm、629nm的P偏振光反射率中的极差值小于或等于3％。
第二方面，本申请提供一种车辆，包括探测组件、投影组件和如上所述的车窗玻璃，所述探测组件和所述投影组件设于所述车窗玻璃设有所述透明纳米膜的一侧，车窗玻璃包括信 号传输区和/或抬头显示区，所述探测组件用于发射和/或接收波长在850nm至1650nm范围内的探测光线，所述探测光线穿过所述信号传输区，所述投影组件用于向所述抬头显示区发射波长在380nm至780nm范围内的投影光线；
所述探测光线以50°～73°入射角入射至所述信号传输区，且所述探测光线包括至少80％的P偏振光；
所述投影光线以45°～85°入射角入射至所述抬头显示区，且所述投影光线包括至少90％的P偏振光。
第三方面，本申请提供一种车窗玻璃的制备方法，所述方法包括：
提供内玻璃板；
在所述内玻璃板的表面形成透明纳米膜，其中，所述透明纳米膜包括标准高折射率层、增强高折射率层和最外低折射率层，在远离所述内玻璃板的方向上，所述标准高折射率层、所述增强高折射率层与所述最外低折射率层依次层叠设置，所述标准高折射率层的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，所述增强高折射率层的折射率大于或等于2.6，所述最外低折射率层的折射率在1.35-1.60之间；及
将设有所述透明纳米膜的内玻璃板与中间层、外玻璃板进行合片以形成所述车窗玻璃。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述在所述内玻璃板的表面形成透明纳米膜包括：
所述标准高折射率层通过磁控溅射方法形成，磁控溅射所述标准高折射率层的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源；
在所述标准高折射率层远离所述内玻璃板的表面通过磁控溅射方法形成所述增强高折射率层，磁控溅射所述增强高折射率层的靶材电源为高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源；及
在所述增强高折射率层远离所述标准高折射率层的表面通过磁控溅射方法形成所述最外低折射率层，磁控溅射所述最外低折射率层的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述透明纳米膜还包括至少一个叠层结构，至少一个所述叠层结构设于所述标准高折射率层与所述内玻璃板之间，每个所述叠层结构包括依次层叠的高折射率层和低折射率层，所述高折射率层的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，所述低折射率层的折射率在1.35-1.60之间；
所述高折射率层和所述低折射率层通过磁控溅射方法形成，磁控溅射所述高折射率层和所述低折射率层的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，下面将对实施方式中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以如这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的车窗玻璃的俯视示意图；
图3是图1所示的车窗玻璃的结构示意图；
图4是图3所示的玻璃基板为夹层玻璃的结构示意图；
图5是图4所示的车窗玻璃的第一种可能的实施方式的结构示意图；
图6是图4所示的车窗玻璃的第二种可能的实施方式的结构示意图；
图7是实施例4提供的车窗玻璃对以65°入射角入射的波长在380nm至1600nm范围内 的P偏振光的光谱反射率曲线图；
图8是图4所示的车窗玻璃的第三种可能的实施方式的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种车窗玻璃的制备方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了方便理解，首先对本申请的实施例所涉及的术语进行解释。
折射率：为透射光在550nm波长处的折射率。透明纳米膜的各层折射率是在透明纳米膜经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理后测量的。
厚度：为物理厚度。
消光系数：描述介质对光的吸收特性，表示当光通过材料时强度降低的程度。
入射角：是在探测光线或者投影光线入射至车窗玻璃上时与入射位置处的面法线之间的夹角。
下面将结合附图，对本申请的具体实施方式进行清楚地描述。
本申请的实施例提供一种车窗玻璃及车辆，能够同时满足对探测组件的探测光线的高透过率的要求和投影组件的投影光线的高反射率的要求。
请参阅图1，图1是本申请实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000包括车体100和车窗玻璃200。车窗玻璃200和车体100相连。其中，车窗玻璃200可以是车辆1000的前挡风玻璃。
需说明的是，图1的目的仅在于示意性的描述车体100和车窗玻璃200的连接关系，并非是对各个设备的连接位置、具体构造及数量做具体限定。而本申请实施例示意的结构并不构成对车辆1000的具体限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，车辆1000可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。图示的部件可以以硬件，软件或软件和硬件的组合实现。
车辆1000还包括探测组件10和投影组件20。探测组件10和投影组件20安装在车辆1000的内部。其中，探测组件10用于发射和/或接收探测光线11，探测组件10可以固定安装在车窗玻璃200的内表面上，也可以固定安装在车体100上，例如安装在车顶内表面。其中，投影组件20用于发射投影光线21，投影组件20可以靠近车窗玻璃200的底边安装，例如安装在车辆的仪表台内部，也可以靠近车窗玻璃200的顶边安装，例如安装在车顶内表面。
探测组件10用于向车外发射探测光线11和/或接收从车外入射至车内的探测光线11。探测光线11包括至少80％的P偏振光。示例性的，探测光线11可以包括至少90％的P偏振光。进一步的，探测光线11可以为100％的P偏振光(允许公差范围)，即投影光线21基本上是纯P偏振光。可以理解的是，探测光线11中的P偏振光的比例越高，越容易提升车窗玻璃 200对探测光线11的透过率。
示例性的，探测组件10的探测光线11的波长可以在850nm至1650nm范围内，探测组件10可以包括探测光线11的波长为850nm、905nm、1064nm或1550nm的激光雷达和/或波长范围在850nm～1650nm之间的近红外相机等中的一种或者多种。激光雷达能够准确感知车外环境的三维信息，检测识别出行人、其他车辆等障碍物的具体轮廓、距离、速度、加速度等信息，以及实现定位和里程计的作用。近红外相机可以对外部环境进行拍摄成像。随着车辆自动驾驶级别提升至L2.5级以上，甚至达到L3级、L4级、L5级，探测组件10优选选用多个激光雷达和/或多个近红外相机等，例如探测组件10同时选用905nm激光雷达和1550nm激光雷达，又例如探测组件10同时选用940nm近红外相机和1550nm激光雷达。本申请所述的车窗玻璃200能够满足同时配置多个激光雷达和/或多个近红外相机的使用。
投影组件20朝向车窗玻璃200发射投影光线21，投影光线21经车窗玻璃200反射后能够形成被人眼识别的抬头显示(HUD)图像。投影光线21的波长可以在380nm至780nm范围内。投影光线21可以包括至少90％的P偏振光，示例性的，投影光线21还可以为100％的P偏振光，即投影光线21基本上是纯P偏振光。可以理解的是，投影组件20可以为车辆1000增加抬头显示功能。投影光线21中的P偏振光的比例越高，越容易消除抬头显示图像的目视重影现象。本申请使用P偏振光进行投影，与只能配合S偏振光的投影光线使用的传统车窗玻璃相比，本申请提供的车窗玻璃200和投影组件20能够满足佩戴太阳镜的驾驶员的使用需求。
投影组件20用于发射包括相关文字、图像信息例如速度、发动机转数、油耗、胎压、动态导航、夜视、实景地图等的投影光线21到车窗玻璃200上，从而被车内的观察者观察到位于车窗玻璃前方的抬头显示图像，使车辆1000实现抬头显示(HUD)，甚至增强现实抬头显示(AR-HUD)。投影组件20为本领域技术人员已知的元件，包括但不限于激光、发光二极管(LED)、液晶显示屏(LCD)、数字光处理(DLP)、电致发光(EL)、阴极射线管(CRT)、真空荧光管(VFD)、准直镜、球面校正镜、凸透镜、凹透镜、反射镜和/或偏振镜等。同时，投影组件20的位置和入射角度是可调的，以适合车内不同位置或高度的观察者。
请参阅图2，图2是图1所示的车窗玻璃200的俯视示意图。车窗玻璃200可以包括信号传输区200a和抬头显示区200b。信号传输区200a用于供探测组件10的探测光线11穿过。抬头显示区200b用于反射投影组件20的投影光线21以形成抬头显示图像。示例性的，信号传输区200a和抬头显示区200b均可以有多个，本申请不对信号传输区200a的数量及位置和抬头显示区200b的数量及位置做具体限定。
请参阅图3，图3是图1所示的车窗玻璃200的结构示意图。车窗玻璃200可以包括玻璃基板210和设于玻璃基板210表面的透明纳米膜220，玻璃基板210包括相对设置的外表 面210b与内表面210a，透明纳米膜220设置在所述内表面210a上。其中，外表面210b为车窗玻璃200连接于车体100后玻璃基板210朝向车外的一侧表面，内表面210a为玻璃基板210连接于车体100后朝向车内的一侧。透明纳米膜220用于同时提高车窗玻璃200对探测组件10的探测光线11的透过率和对投影组件20的投影光线21的反射率，以使车窗玻璃200能够同时满足配合探测组件10和投影组件20的使用需求。可以理解的是，车窗玻璃200能够对探测光线11具有高透过率以满足探测组件10的高精度工作要求，且能够对投影光线21具有较高的反射率以形成清晰无目视重影的抬头显示图像，优选车窗玻璃200对以50°～73°入射角入射的探测光线11的透过率大于或者等于80％，车窗玻璃200对以45°～85°入射角入射至所述车窗玻璃200朝向车内一侧表面的投影光线21的反射率大于或者等于20％。示例性的，探测组件10为905nm激光雷达和/或1550nm激光雷达，探测组件10发射和接收穿过车窗玻璃200的探测光线11，车窗玻璃200以25°的倾斜角度安装至车体100上，探测光线11以大致65°入射角穿过车窗玻璃200的信号传输区200a，车窗玻璃200对所述探测光线11的透过率大于或者等于80％；投影光线21从车内一侧以大致65°入射角入射至车窗玻璃200的抬头显示区200b，车窗玻璃200对所述投影光线21的反射率大于或等于20％。
其中，投影光线21的波长可以在380nm至780nm范围内，与人眼可感知的可见光的光谱范围相关。投影光线21的波长范围还覆盖了与投影组件20相关的波长RGB：469nm(蓝色)、529nm(绿色)、629nm(红色)。因此，本申请所述的车窗玻璃200可以配合投影组件20实现抬头显示图像的全彩显示。
请参阅图4，图4是图3所示的玻璃基板210为夹层玻璃的结构示意图。玻璃基板210为夹层玻璃，包括外玻璃板211、内玻璃板212和设于外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212之间的中间层213。外玻璃板211包括相对设置的第一表面211a和第二表面211b。第一表面211a远离中间层213，第二表面211b与中间层213连接。第一表面211a也为玻璃基板210的外表面210b。内玻璃板212包括相对设置的第三表面212a和第四表面212b。第三表面212a和中间层213连接，第四表面212b远离中间层213，第四表面212b也为玻璃基板210的内表面210a。透明纳米膜220设于内玻璃板212的第四表面212b上。外玻璃板211和/或内玻璃板212对波长为850nm～1650nm的近红外线的透过率大于或等于91％，且车窗玻璃200的可见光透过率大于或等于70％，满足法规对车辆1000的前挡风玻璃的要求。
需说明的是，用作前挡风玻璃的夹层玻璃通常为弯曲形状，但夹层玻璃的形状并不局限于前述描述的形状，其可以是满足车窗玻璃200使用要求的任何形状，例如车窗玻璃200也可以呈平直板状，本申请的实施例对于车窗玻璃200的形状不做严格要求。示例性的，车窗玻璃200具有从底边到顶边方向上的垂直曲率半径，为了便于车窗玻璃200的设计和生产，垂直曲率半径为4000mm-20000mm。
外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212可以为超透明玻璃(超白玻璃)。超透明玻璃中的氧化铁(Fe2O3)含量较低。按重量百分比计算，外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212可以包含0～0.1％的氧化铁(Fe2O3)，例如外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212中氧化铁(Fe2O3)的含量小于或等于0.09％、小于或等于0.08％、小于或等于0.07％、小于或等于0.05％、小于或等于0.04％、小于或等于0.03％、小于或等于0.02％、小于或等于0.015％或小于或等于0.01％，甚至外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212可以基本不含有氧化铁(Fe2O3)。示例性的，外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212可以为钠钙硅超透明玻璃、硼硅酸玻璃或高铝玻璃等。
中间层213用于连接外玻璃板211与内玻璃板212，使车窗玻璃200整体呈现夹层结构，以提高车窗玻璃200的安全性，使其满足车辆1000用窗玻璃的安全标准和法规要求。中间层213的材质可以是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)或离子型聚合物膜(SGP)等。示例性的，中间层213可以为单层结构或多层结构，多层结构可以举例有双层结构、三层结构、四层结构、五层结构等。中间层213还可以具有其他功能，例如设置至少一个着色区用作阴影带从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰，或者增添红外线吸收剂从而具有防晒或隔热功能，或者增添紫外线吸收剂从而具有隔紫外线功能，又或者多层结构的至少一层的增塑剂含量更高从而具有隔音功能。
传统车窗玻璃200为了消除抬头显示的图像重影，通常采用具有至少0.3mrad楔角的楔形中间层213，使得设计、生产、调试投影组件20成像的效果较为困难，本申请提供的车窗玻璃200可以采用普通的等厚中间层213进行直接替代，以节省成本和降低设计、生产、调试等的难度。等厚中间层213的楔角基本等于0，截面形状大致呈矩形。可以理解的是，本申请也可以选用较小楔角的楔形中间层213，例如楔形中间层213的楔角为0.01～0.15mrad，例如0.01mard、0.02mrad、0.03mrad、0.04mrad、0.05mrad、0.06mrad、0.07mrad、0.08mrad、0.09mrad、0.10mrad、0.11mrad、0.12mrad、0.13mrad、0.14mrad、0.15mrad等，这样可以进一步消除车辆1000外部环境中的景物透过车窗玻璃200产生的透视重影，较小楔角的楔形中间层213可以通过简单拉伸工艺获得，从而能够以低成本的方式同时消除反射重影和透视重影，获得更高质量的投影图像和观察效果。
中间层213可以为透明中间层，也可以为着色中间层，其可见光透过率可以大于或等于80％，优选大于或等于85％，更优选大于或等于90％。中间层213的厚度可以为0.38mm-1.6mm，例如0.38mm、0.5mm、0.76mm、1.14mm、1.52mm、1.6mm等。优选地，中间层213选用可见光透过率大于或等于80％的着色中间层，所述着色中间层能够吸收波长在380nm至780nm范围内的P偏振光，从而更容易消除抬头显示图像的目视重影现象，同时由于着色中间层具有特定的颜色，使设计透明纳米膜220时无需太过关注其自身的反射颜色，进而提高透明纳米膜220的设计自由度。
透明纳米膜220直接设置在玻璃基板210的第四表面212b上。透明纳米膜220至少覆盖所述信号传输区200a和所述抬头显示区200b。透明纳米膜220可以覆盖第四表面212b的至少60％面积，或至少70％面积，或至少80％面积，或至少90％面积，甚至100％面积。透明纳米膜220能够同时满足探测组件10的高精度工作要求和抬头显示图像的清晰无目视重影要求，因此透明纳米膜220可以通过一次沉积工艺实现对所述信号传输区200a和所述抬头显示区200b的覆盖，避免了采用传统的分区沉积工艺，从而减少了工艺步骤、降低了生产难度和提高了生产效率。
请参阅图5，图5是图4所示的车窗玻璃200的第一种可能的实施方式的结构示意图。透明纳米膜220包括标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223，在远离第四表面212b的方向上，标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223依次层叠设置。标准高折射率层221的折射率在1.61-2.59之间。增强高折射率层222的折射率在2.60-2.72之间。最外低折射率层223的折射率在1.35-1.60之间。
其中，标准高折射率层221的厚度可以为5nm-55nm。在一些实施方式中，标准高折射率层221的厚度可以为5nm-45nm，在另一些实施方式中，标准高折射率层221的厚度可以为5nm-35nm。
其中，增强高折射率层222的厚度可以为35nm-70nm，在一些实施方式中，增强高折射率层222的厚度可以为45nm-65nm。在一些实施方式中，增强高折射率层222的厚度可以为45nm-60nm。在一些实施方式中，增强高折射率层222为TiOx层，TiOx层中的金红石结构TiOx的占比至少为90％。TiOx通常具有锐钛矿结构、金红石结构和板钛矿结构，金红石结构TiOx具有较高的稳定性，在经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理后，TiOx层中的金红石结构TiOx的占比优选至少为90％，更优选至少为95％，甚至为100％即全部为金红石结构TiOx。在一些实施方式中，TiOx层的折射率n为2.60～2.72，TiOx层的消光系数k≥0.0015。
其中，最外低折射率层223的厚度可以为80nm-130nm。在一些实施方式中，最外低折射率层223的厚度可以为90nm-120nm。在另一些实施方式中，最外低折射率层223的厚度可以为85nm-130nm。在另一些实施方式中，最外低折射率层223的厚度可以为80nm-105nm。
本申请的实施例中，透明纳米膜220还可以包括至少一个叠层结构220a。叠层结构220a可以包括高折射率层和低折射率层。其中，高折射率层的材料可以为SiNxOy、SiBNxOy、SiTiNxOy、SiAlNxOy、SiZrNxOy、ZnOx、ZnAlOx、ZnOx、ZnSnOx、SiNx、SiAlNx、SiBNx、SiTiNx、SiZrNx、TiOx、NbOx、ZrOx等中的至少一种，1＜x≤3，1＜y＜3；低折射率层的材料可以为氧化硅(SiOx)、氧化硼硅(SiBOx)、氧化硅铝(SiAlOx)、硅钛氧化物(SiTiOx)、氧化硅锆(SiZrOx)等中的至少一种，1＜x＜3。
叠层结构220a的具体结构请参阅如下第二种可能的实施方式和第三种可能的实施方式 中的相关描述。
第一种可能的实施方式：
请再参阅图5，第一种可能的实施方式中，透明纳米膜220为三层结构，三层结构分别为标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223。标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223依次设于内玻璃板212的第四表面212b。
标准高折射率层221的材料可以为SiNxOy、SiBNxOy、SiTiNxOy、SiAlNxOy、SiZrNxOy、ZnOx、ZnAlOx、ZnOx、ZnSnOx、SiNx、SiAlNx、SiBNx、SiTiNx、SiZrNx、TiOx、NbOx、ZrOx中的一种。其中，1＜x≤3，1＜y＜3。标准高折射率层221的厚度在5nm-35nm之间(包括端点值5nm和35nm)。标准高折射率层221的折射率在1.61-2.59之间(包括端点值1.61和2.59)。增强高折射率层222的材料为氧化钛(TiOx，1.8≤x≤2)。增强高折射率层222的折射率的n值在2.60～2.72之间(包括端点值2.60和2.72)，且其厚度可以在45nm-65nm之间(包括端点值45nm和65nm)。例如，增强高折射率层222的折射率可以为2.60、2.61、2.62、2.65、2.69、2.70、2.71或2.72等。最外低折射率层223的折射率的n值在1.35-1.60之间(包括端点值1.35和1.60)。例如，最外低折射率层223的折射率可以为1.35、1.40、1.45、1.50、1.55或1.60等。最外低折射率层223的材料可以为氧化硅(SiOx)、氧化硼硅(SiBOx)、氧化硅铝(SiAlOx)、硅钛氧化物(SiTiOx)、氧化硅锆(SiZrOx)中的一种，其中，1＜x＜3。最外低折射率层223的厚度范围可以在90nm-120nm之间(包括端点值90nm和120nm)。
本实施方式还提供三个实施例和两个对比例，以对第一种实施方式的车窗玻璃200的性能进行探究。
实施例1：
实施例1提供的车窗玻璃200包括玻璃基板210，和依次设于玻璃基板210的第四表面212b的标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223。其中，玻璃基板210的外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212均为超白玻璃，且外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212的厚度均为2.1mm。连接外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212的中间层213材料为等厚PVB，中间层213的厚度为0.76mm。
标准高折射率层221的材料为SiOxNy，且其厚度为23.5nm。
增强高折射率层222的材料为折射率为2.61的TiOx，且其厚度为58.1nm。
最外低折射率层223的材料为SiO2，且其厚度为97nm。
标准高折射率层221通过磁控溅射方法形成，磁控溅射的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源(MF)。增强高折射率层222通过磁控溅射方法形成，磁控溅射的靶材电源为高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源(HiPIMS)。最外低折射率层223通过磁控溅射方法形成，磁控溅射的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源(MF)。
实施例2：
实施例2与实施例1相同的部分不再赘述，实施例2与实施例1不同的是，标准高折射率层221的厚度为11.9nm。增强高折射率层222的材料为折射率等于2.72的TiOx，且其厚度为58.7nm，最外低折射率层223的厚度为100.9m。
实施例3：
实施例3与实施例1相同的部分不再赘述，实施例3与实施例1不同的是，标准高折射率层221的材料为ZnSnO3，标准高折射率层221的厚度为6.4nm。增强高折射率层222的材料为折射率等于2.69的TiOx，且其厚度58.7nm，最外低折射率层223的厚度为100.9nm。
对比例1：
对比例1与实施例1相同的部分不再赘述，对比例1与实施例1不同的是，对比例1的车窗玻璃200不设有透明纳米膜220。
对比例2：
对比例2与实施例1相同的部分不再赘述，对比例2与实施例1不同的是，对比例2的增强高折射率层222在磁控溅射过程中的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源(MF)，增强高折射率层222的材料为折射率为2.50的TiOx。
将对比例1-2和实施例1-3的车窗玻璃200分别和探测组件10及投影组件20集成，测量计算P偏振光的反射率Rp、反射颜色Lab值、可见光透过率和P偏振光透过率。
其中，投影组件20发射波长在380nm至780nm范围内的投影光线21，投影光线21包含至少99％的P偏振光。
其中，探测组件10发射和接收波长为905nm、1550nm的探测光线11，探测光线11包含至少99％的P偏振光。
P偏振光透过率：从车窗玻璃200设有透明纳米膜220的一侧，车窗玻璃200对以不同角度入射角入射的探测光线的透过率，分别记录入射角为50°、55°、60°、65°、70°、73°的905nm、1550nm的透过率T(905nm)、T(1550nm)。
P偏振光反射率：从车窗玻璃200设有透明纳米膜220的一侧，车窗玻璃200对以65°入射的投影光线的反射率，分别记录波长在469nm(蓝色)、529nm(绿色)、629nm(红色)处的反射率Rf。
可见光透过率TL：根据ISO9050计算。
反射颜色L、a、b：从车窗玻璃200的外表面一侧，基于D65光源、10°视场角下，按照CIE Lab颜色模型计算，L表示亮度，a值表示红绿值，b值表示黄蓝值。
将对比例1-2和实施例1-3的测量结果计入表1中。
表1：对比例1-2和实施例1-3的车窗玻璃200的测量结果
通过对比可知，对比例1由于未设置透明纳米膜220，其P偏振光反射率远小于20％，甚至在波长为469nm、529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率Rf均小于3％，使得对比例1的车窗玻璃200无法实现抬头显示功能；并且，1550nm波长的P偏振光透过率在入射角为50°～73°范围内急剧下降至小于80％，使得对比例1的车窗玻璃200无法满足1550nm激光雷达在入射角为73°时的探测需求。
对比例2虽然设置了透明纳米膜220，但其增强高折射率层222使用常规的中频磁控溅射电源(MF)沉积，在透明纳米膜220和内玻璃板212一起经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理之后，例如汽车玻璃烘弯成型工艺，得到折射率n＜2.6、消光系数k＜0.001的 TiOx膜层作为增强高折射率层222。对比例2的车窗玻璃200虽然能够满足905nm激光雷达、1550nm激光雷达在入射角为50°～73°范围内的P偏振光透过率大于或等于80％的高透过率要求，但其在波长为469nm、529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率Rf均小于20％，其中，在波长为529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率Rf均小于15％，使抬头显示图像的亮度可能不够，需要选用更高功率的投影组件，而功率高的投影组件其工作过程会产生大量的热，从而造成热量累积，不利于投影组件的散热。
实施例1-3的车窗玻璃200的反射颜色Lab值和可见光透过率TL还表明了车窗玻璃200能够满足车辆1000使用的安全要求以及从外部观察车窗玻璃200时能够呈现出好看的淡蓝色。
实施例1-3通过设置透明纳米膜220且使用高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源(HiPIMS)沉积增强高折射率层222，在透明纳米膜220和内玻璃板212一起经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理之后，例如汽车玻璃烘弯成型工艺，得到折射率n≥2.6、消光系数k≥0.003的TiOx膜层作为增强高折射率层222。与对比例1和对比例2相比，实施例1-3的车窗玻璃200既能够满足905nm激光雷达、1550nm激光雷达在入射角为50°～73°范围内的P偏振光透过率大于或等于80％的高透过率要求，又能够实现在波长为469nm、529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率均大于或等于20％，同时满足配合探测组件10和投影组件20的使用需求。并且，在波长为469nm、529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率中的极差值小于或等于3％，即Rf(469nm)、Rf(529nm)、Rf(629nm)中的最大值减去其中的最小值小于或等于3％，使其P偏振光反射光谱平滑，实现抬头显示图像的中性颜色显示。
第二种可能的实施方式：
请参阅图6，图6是图4所示的车窗玻璃200的第二种可能的实施方式的结构示意图。第二种可能的实施方式中，透明纳米膜220包括一个叠层结构220a、标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223。叠层结构220a包括第一高折射率层224和第一低折射率层225。第一高折射率层224、第一低折射率层225、标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223依次设于第四表面212b。其中，第一高折射率层224的膜层厚度可以在2nm-180nm之间(包括端点值2nm和180nm)。第一低折射率层225的膜层厚度可以在30nm-85nm之间(包括端点值30nm和85nm)。标准高折射率层221的膜层厚度可以在5nm-55nm之间(包括端点值5nm和55nm)。增强高折射率层222的膜层厚度可以在45nm-65nm之间(包括端点值45nm和65nm)。最外低折射率层223的膜层厚度可以在85nm-130nm之间(包括端点值85nm和130nm)。
本实施方式中提供三个实施例和一个对比例，以对第二种实施方式的车窗玻璃200的性能进行探究。
实施例4：
实施例4提供的车窗玻璃200包括玻璃基板210和依次设于玻璃基板210的第四表面212b的第一高折射率层224、第一低折射率层225、标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223。其中，玻璃基板210的外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212均为超白玻璃，且外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212的厚度均为2.1mm。连接外玻璃板211和内玻璃板212的中间层213材料为等厚PVB，中间层213的厚度为0.76mm。
第一高折射率层224的材料为SiOxNy，且其厚度为152.8nm；
第一低折射率层225的材料为SiO2，且其厚度为71.2nm；
标准高折射率层221的材料为SiOxNy，且其厚度为44.7nm；
增强高折射率层222的材料为折射率等于2.72的TiOx，且其厚度为46.7nm；
最外低折射率层223的材料为SiO2，且其厚度为99.3nm。
第一高折射率层224、第一低折射率层225、标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223均通过磁控溅射方法形成。第一高折射率层224、第一低折射率层225、标准高折射率层221和最外低折射率层223磁控溅射的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源(MF)。增强高折射率层222磁控溅射的靶材电源为高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源(HiPIMS)。
实施例5：
实施例5与实施例4相同的部分不再赘述，实施例5与实施例4不同的是，第一高折射率层224的膜层厚度为27.7nm。第一低折射率层225的膜层厚度为38.9nm。标准高折射率层221的材料为SiNx。标准高折射率层221的膜层厚度为17.5nm。增强高折射率层222材料为折射率等于2.62的TiOx，且其厚度为47.7nm，最外低折射率层223的厚度为124.9nm。
实施例6：
实施例6与实施例4相同的部分不再赘述，实施例6与实施例4不同的是，第一高折射率层224的SiOxNy膜层厚度为166.6nm。第二低折射率层227的厚度为75.8nm，标准高折射率层221的材料为Nb2O5，标准高折射率层221的材料为22.9nm。增强高折射率层222的材料为折射率等于2.70的TiOx，且厚度为46.4nm，最外低折射率层223的厚度为92.4nm。
对比例3：
对比例3与实施例4相同的部分不再赘述，与实施例4不同的是，对比例3的增强高折射率层222的磁控溅射过程中所使用的电源为中频磁控溅射电源(MF)，增强高折射率层222的材料为折射率为2.50的TiOx。
将实施例4-6和对比例3的车窗玻璃200分别和探测组件10及投影组件20集成，测量计算P偏振光的反射率Rp、反射颜色Lab值、可见光透过率和P偏振光透过率。与实施例1-3的测量方式相同，将实施例4-6和对比例3的测量结果计入表2中。
表2：实施例4-6和对比例3的车窗玻璃200的测量结果
通过对比可知，对比例3中的增强高折射率层222使用常规的中频磁控溅射电源(MF)沉积，在透明纳米膜220和内玻璃板212一起经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理之后，例如汽车玻璃烘弯成型工艺，得到折射率n＜2.6、消光系数k＜0.001的TiOx膜层作为增强高折射率层222。对比例3的车窗玻璃200的1550nmP偏振光透过率在入射角为50°～73°范围内急剧下降至小于80％，使得对比例3的车窗玻璃200无法满足1550nm激光雷达在入射角为73°时的探测需求。对比例3的车窗玻璃200在波长为469nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率Rf均小于20％，使抬头显示图像的亮度可能不够，需要选用更高功率的投影组件20，不利于投影组件20的散热。
对比例3的车窗玻璃200的Lab值中的a达到3.8，反射颜色偏红。实施例4-6的车窗玻璃200的反射颜色Lab值和可见光透过率TL还表明了车窗玻璃200能够满足车辆1000使用的安全要求以及从外部观察车窗玻璃200时能够呈现出好看的淡蓝色。
实施例4-6通过使用高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源(HiPIMS)沉积增强高折射率层222，在透明纳米膜和内玻璃板一起经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理之后，例如汽车玻璃烘弯成型工艺，得到折射率n≥2.6、消光系数k≥0.002的TiOx膜层作为增强高折射率层222。与对比例3相比，实施例4-6的车窗玻璃200既能够满足905nm激光雷达、1550nm激光雷达在入射角为50°～73°范围内的P偏振光透过率大于或等于80％的高透过率要求，又能够实现在波长为469nm、529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率均大于或等于20％，同时满足配合探测组件10和投影组件20的使用需求。并且，在波长为469nm、529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率中的极差值小于或等于3％，即Rf(469nm)、Rf(529nm)、Rf(629nm)中的最大值减去其中的最小值小于或等于3％，甚至小于或等于2％，更甚至小于或等于1％，使其P偏振光反射光谱平滑，实现抬头显示图像的中性颜色显示。
请参阅图7，图7是实施例4提供的车窗玻璃200对以65°入射角入射的波长在380nm至1600nm范围内的P偏振光的光谱反射率曲线图，图7示出了车窗玻璃200在波长为469nm、529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率均大于或等于22％，且对905nm波长的P偏振光反射率仅为4.9％，对1550nm波长的P偏振光反射率仅为1.2％，能够同时满足配合探测组件10和投影组件20的使用需求。
第三种可能的实施方式：
请参阅图8，图8是图4所示的车窗玻璃200的第三种可能的实施方式的结构示意图。第三种可能的实施方式中，透明纳米膜220包括两个叠层结构220a，分别为第一叠层结构2201和第二叠层结构2202。第一叠层结构2201包括第一高折射率层224和第一低折射率层225，第二叠层结构2202包括第二高折射率层226和第二低折射率层227。第一高折射率层224、第一低折射率层225、第二高折射率层226、第二低折射率层227、标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223依次设于第四表面212b。其中，第一高折射率层224的膜层厚度可以在140nm-190nm之间(包括端点值140nm和190nm)。第一低折射率层225的膜层厚度可以在5nm-95nm之间(包括端点值5nm和95nm)。第二高折射率层226的膜层厚度可以在130nm-205nm之间(包括端点值130nm和205nm)。第二低折射率层227的膜层厚度可以在25nm-90nm之间(包括端点值25nm和90nm)。标准高折射率层221的膜层厚度在5nm-45nm之间(包括端点值5nm和45nm)。增强高折射率层222的膜层厚度可以在45nm-60nm之间(包括端点值45nm和60nm)。最外低折射率层223的膜层厚度可以在80nm-105nm之间(包括端点值80nm和105nm)。
本实施方式中还提供两个实施例和一个对比例以对第三种实施方式的车窗玻璃200的性能进行探究。
实施例7：
实施例7提供的车窗玻璃200包括玻璃基板210，和依次设于玻璃基板210的第四表面212b的第一高折射率层224、第一低折射率层225、第二高折射率层226、第二低折射率层227、标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223。
第一高折射率层224的材料为SiOxNy，且其厚度为169.5nm；
第一低折射率层225的材料为SiO2，且其厚度为37.8nm；
第二高折射率层226的材料为ZnSnO3，且其厚度为165.6nm；
第二低折射率层227的材料为SiO2，且其厚度为70.2nm；
标准高折射率层221的材料为Nb2O5，且其厚度为23.2nm；
增强高折射率层222的材料折射率等于2.71的TiOx，且其厚度为56.5nm；
最外低折射率层223的材料为SiO2，且其厚度为85.6nm。
第一高折射率层224、第一低折射率层225、第二高折射率层226、第二低折射率层227、标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223均通过磁控溅射方法形成。第一高折射率层224、第一低折射率层225、第二高折射率层226、第二低折射率层227、标准高折射率层221和最外低折射率层223磁控溅射的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源(MF)。增强高折射率层222磁控溅射的靶材电源为高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源(HiPIMS)。
实施例8：
实施例8与实施例7相同的部分不再赘述，实施例8与实施例7不同的是，第一高折射率层224的厚度为159.8nm。第一低折射率层225的厚度为11.5nm。第二高折射率层226的材料为SiOxNy，第二高折射率层226的厚度为150nm。第二低折射率层227的厚度为63.5nm。标准高折射率层221的材料为SiOxNy，标准高折射率层221的膜层厚度为34.4nm。增强高折射率层222为折射率等于2.65的TiOx，且其厚度为52.8nm，最外低折射率层223的厚度为92.6nm。
对比例4：
对比例4与实施例8相同的部分不再赘述，与实施例8不同的是，对比例4的增强高折射率层222的磁制溅射过程使用的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源(MF)，增强高折射率层222的材料为折射率为2.50的TiOx。
将实施例7、8和对比例4的车窗玻璃200分别和探测组件10及投影组件20集成，测量计算P偏振光的反射率Rp、反射颜色Lab值、可见光透过率和P偏振光透过率。与实施例1-3的测量方式相同，将实施例7、8和对比例4的测量结果计入表3中。
表3：实施例7、8和对比例4的车窗玻璃200的测量结果
通过对比可知，对比例4中的增强高折射率层222使用常规的中频磁控溅射电源(MF)沉积，在透明纳米膜220和内玻璃板212一起经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理之后，例如汽车玻璃烘弯成型工艺，得到折射率n＜2.6、消光系数k＜0.001的TiOx膜层作为增强高折射率层222。对比例4的车窗玻璃200的1550nmP偏振光透过率在入射角为50°～73°范围内急剧下降至小于80％，使得对比例4的车窗玻璃200无法满足1550nm激光雷达在入射角为73°时的探测需求。对比例4的车窗玻璃200在波长为629nm处的P偏振光反射率Rf小于19％，使抬头显示图像的亮度可能不够，需要选用更高功率的投影组件20，不利于投影组件20的散热。
实施例6-7的车窗玻璃200的反射颜色Lab值和可见光透过率TL还表明了车窗玻璃200能够满足车辆1000使用的安全要求以及从外部观察车窗玻璃200时能够呈现出好看的淡蓝色。
实施例7-8通过使用高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源(HiPIMS)沉积增强高折射率层222，在透明纳米膜和内玻璃板一起经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理之后，例如汽车玻璃烘弯成型工艺，得到折射率n≥2.6、消光系数k≥0.0015的TiOx膜层作为增强高折射率层222。与对比例4相比，实施例7-8的车窗玻璃200既能够满足905nm激光雷达、1550nm激光雷达在入射角为50°～73°范围内的P偏振光透过率大于或等于80％的高透过率要求，又能够实现在波长为469nm、529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率均大于或等于22％，实现高亮度的抬头显示图像。并且，在波长为469nm、529nm、629nm处的P偏振光反射率中的极差值小于或等于3％，即Rf(469nm)、Rf(529nm)、Rf(629nm)中的最大值减去其中的最小值小于或等于3％，甚至小于或等于2％，更甚至小于或等于1％，使其P偏振光反射光谱平滑，实现抬头显示图像的中性颜色显示。
本申请还提供一种车窗玻璃200的制备方法，请参阅图9，图9是本申请实施例提供的一种车窗玻璃200的制备方法的流程示意图。其中，车窗玻璃200的具体结构可参照图1-图8以及上文的描述，关于车窗玻璃200的改进，在不冲突的情况下，均可应用至上文的车窗玻璃200的描述，方法包括：
S100：提供内玻璃板212。
S200：在所述内玻璃板212的表面形成透明纳米膜220，其中，所述透明纳米膜220包括标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223，在远离所述内玻璃板212的方向上，标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222与最外低折射率层223依次层叠设置。标准高折射率层221的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，增强高折射率层222的折射率大于或等于2.6，最外低折射率层223的折射率在1.35-1.60之间。其中，增强高折射率层222的折射率在2.60-2.72之间。
S300：将设有所述透明纳米膜220的内玻璃板212与中间层213、外玻璃板211进行合片以形成所述车窗玻璃200。
如下将对步骤S100、S200和S300进行描述。
第一种实施例：透明纳米膜220为三层结构。
车窗玻璃200的制备方法的第一种实施例中，步骤S100、S200和S300的具体描述如下：
S100：提供内玻璃板212。
具体为，以厚度为2.1mm硼硅酸盐浮法超白为内玻璃板212。内玻璃板212依次经过切割、磨边、洗涤和烘干等工序后，进入磁控溅射镀膜线进行镀膜沉积，沉积完成后进行热弯 成型或钢化退火。
S200：在所述内玻璃板212的表面形成透明纳米膜220，其中，所述透明纳米膜220包括标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223，在远离所述内表面210a的方向上，所述标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222与所述最外低折射率层223依次层叠设置，标准高折射率层221的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，增强高折射率层222的折射率大于或等于2.6，最外低折射率层223的折射率在1.35-1.60之间。
具体为，首先，在内玻璃板212的表面进行磁控溅射以形成标准高折射率层221。
以中频磁控溅射电源(MF)为靶材电源，以SiAl(Si:Al＝92:8wt％)为靶材，以Ar、N2、O2为工艺气体，在内玻璃板212的表面进行磁控溅射以形成SiOxNy膜层，SiOxNy膜层经热弯成型或钢化退火后得到的上文所述的标准高折射率层221。
其次，以高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源(HiPIMS)为靶材电源，以陶瓷TiOx(x＝1.85)为靶材，以Ar为工艺气体，在标准高折射率层221背离内玻璃板212的一侧进行磁控溅射以形成TiOx膜层，TiOx膜层经热弯成型或钢化退火后得到的上文所述的增强高折射率层222。
可以理解的是，本申请的增强高折射率层222通过使用高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源(HiPIMS)将TiO2溅射至玻璃基板210形成。通过对电源参数的调整，在透明纳米膜220中的TiOx层在烘弯退火过程中，TiOx材料能够更多的朝金红石结构转化，从而使透明纳米膜220中的增强高折射率层222的折射率在烘弯退火后能够达到2.60-2.72。
最后，在增强高折射率层222远离标准高折射率层221内玻璃板212的表面进行磁控溅射以形成最外低折射率层223。
具体为，以中频磁控溅射电源(MF)为靶材电源，以SiAl(Si:Al＝92:8wt％)为靶材，以Ar、O2为工艺气体，在增强高折射率层222远离标准高折射率层221内玻璃板212的表面进行磁控溅射以形成SiO2膜层，SiO2膜层也即为上文所述的最外低折射率层223。
S300：将设有所述透明纳米膜220的内玻璃板212与中间层213、外玻璃板211进行合片以形成所述车窗玻璃200。
具体为，上述步骤完成后，按照标准的车辆1000夹层安全玻璃生产工艺，将上述内玻璃板212与外玻璃板211配合，对内玻璃板212和外玻璃板211进行大小片配对和合片等工艺，制成夹层结构的车窗玻璃200。
第二种实施例：
与前述制备方法的第一种实施例相同的内容不再赘述，与制备方法的第一种实施例不同的是，步骤S200中在内玻璃板212的第四表面212b进行磁控溅射形成增强高折射率层222之前还可以包括如下步骤。
在内玻璃板212表面形成至少一个叠层结构220a，其中，一个叠层结构220a包括一个高 折射率层层和一个低折射率层。
第一种可能的实施方式中，透明纳米膜220可以包括一个叠层结构220a和标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223，叠层结构220a包括第一高折射率层224和第一低折射率层225。叠层结构220a的制备方法包括步骤1和步骤2。
步骤1：在内玻璃板212的第四表面212b上形成第一高折射率层224。
具体为，以中频磁控溅射电源(MF)为靶材电源，以SiAl(Si:Al＝92:8wt％)为靶材，通过磁控溅射在内玻璃板212的第四表面212b形成第一高折射率层224。第一高折射率层224的材料为SiOxNy。
步骤2：在第一高折射率层224远离内玻璃板212的表面形成第一低折射率层225。
具体为，以中频磁控溅射电源(MF)为靶材电源，以SiAl(Si:Al＝92:8wt％)为靶材，通过磁控溅射在第一高折射率层224远离内玻璃板212的表面形成第一低射率层。第一低折射率层225的材料为SiO2。
步骤2完成后在第一低折射率层225远离第一高折射率层224的表面形成标准高折射率层221。在标准高折射率层221远离所述第一低折射率层225的表面形成增强高折射率层222。在增强高折射率层222远离标准高折射率层221的表面形成最外低折射率层223。
形成标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223的方法可以参照车窗玻璃200的制备方法的第一种实施例的描述，本实施方式对步骤2及之后的步骤不进行赘述。
第二种可能的实施方式中，透明纳米膜220为七层结构。透明纳米膜220可以包括两个叠层结构220a，两个叠层结构220a分别为第一叠层结构2201和第二叠层结构2202。第一叠层结构2201包括第一高折射率层224和第一低折射率层225。第二叠层结构2202包括第二高折射率层226和第二低折射率层227。
叠层结构220a的制备方法包括步骤1、步骤2、步骤3和步骤4。其中步骤1和步骤2的具体方式与上述第一种可能的实施方式中对步骤1和步骤2的描述相同，在此不做赘述。本实施方式通过步骤3形成第二高折射率层226，通过步骤4形成第二低折射率层227。
步骤3：在第一低折射率层225远离第一高折射率层224的表面形成第二高折射率层226。
具体为，以中频磁控溅射电源(MF)为靶材电源，以SiAl(Si:Al＝92:8wt％)为靶材，通过磁控溅射在第一低折射率层225远离第一高折射率层224的表面形成第二高折射率层226。第二高折射率层226的材料为SiOxNy。
步骤4：在第二高折射率层226远离第一低折射率层225的表面形成第二低折射率层227。
具体为，以中频磁控溅射电源(MF)为靶材电源，以SiAl(Si:Al＝92:8wt％)为靶材，通过磁控溅射在第二高折射率层226远离第一低折射率层225的表面形成第二低折射率层 227。第二低折射率层227的材料为SiO2。
步骤4完成后在第二低折射率层227远离第二高折射率层226的表面形成标准高折射率层221增强高折射率层222。在标准高折射率层221远离所述第一低折射率层225的表面形成增强高折射率层222。在增强高折射率层222远离标准高折射率层221的表面形成最外低折射率层223。
形成标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223的方法可以参照车窗玻璃200的制备方法的第一种实施例的描述，本实施方式对步骤4及之后的步骤不进行赘述。
以中频磁控溅射电源(MF)为靶材电源制备的TiOx层，存在附着力较弱、离化率低等缺点，在经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理后，TiOx层中混合有金红石结构TiOx和锐钛矿结构TiOx，由于锐钛矿结构TiOx为亚稳态相，TiOx层的折射率n值为2.50、消光系数k＜0.001；与之相比，以高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HiPIMS)为靶材电源制备的TiOx层，其附着力强、离化率高，在经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理后，TiOx层中主要为金红石结构TiOx，优选TiOx层中的金红石结构TiOx占比至少为90％，甚至全部为金红石结构TiOx，金红石结构TiOx具有较高的稳定性，使TiOx层的折射率n值为2.60～2.72、消光系数k≥0.0015。
可以理解的是，车窗玻璃200的透明纳米膜220至少包括标准高折射率层221、增强高折射率层222和最外低折射率层223，其中，增强高折射率层222的材料的折射率n值大于或等于2.60。通过使用高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HiPIMS)沉积增强高折射率层222，能够得到经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型处理后折射率n值为2.60-2.72的TiOx层，并通过合理的膜系设计，使得车窗玻璃200同时具备对投影光线21的高反射率性能(车窗玻璃200对波长为469nm、529nm、629nm的P偏振光反射率均大于或等于20％)和对探测光线11的高透过率性能(车窗玻璃200对905nm、1550nm波长的P偏振光的透过率大于或等于80％)。本申请的车窗玻璃200仅设置一种透明纳米膜，就可以同时将抬头显示功能和探测功能集成于车窗玻璃200，避免了采用传统的分区沉积工艺以设置不同功能的镀膜，从而减少了工艺步骤、降低了生产难度和提高了生产效率。
通过上述本申请提供的实施例可知，本申请的车窗玻璃200的反射颜色Lab值中的a值小于3、b值小于0.5，使本申请提供的车窗玻璃200呈现好看的淡蓝色。
以上对本申请实施例进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种车窗玻璃，其特征在于，包括玻璃基板和透明纳米膜，所述玻璃基板包括相对设置的外表面和内表面，所述透明纳米膜设置在所述内表面上，所述透明纳米膜包括标准高折射率层、增强高折射率层和最外低折射率层，在远离所述内表面的方向上，所述标准高折射率层、所述增强高折射率层与所述最外低折射率层依次层叠设置；
    所述标准高折射率层的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，所述增强高折射率层的折射率大于或等于2.6，所述最外低折射率层的折射率在1.35-1.60之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述车窗玻璃对以50°～73°入射角入射的波长为850nm～1650nm的P偏振光的透过率大于或等于80％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述车窗玻璃对从车内一侧以45°～85°入射角入射的波长为380nm～780nm的P偏振光的反射率大于或者等于20％。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述标准高折射率层的厚度为5nm-55nm。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述增强高折射率层的厚度为35nm-70nm。
  6. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述最外低折射率层的厚度为80nm-130nm。
  7. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述增强高折射率层为TiOx层，所述TiOx层中的金红石结构TiOx的占比至少为90％。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述TiOx层的折射率n为2.60～2.72，所述TiOx层的消光系数k≥0.0015。
  9. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述玻璃基板包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板和设于所述外玻璃板与所述内玻璃板之间的中间层，所述外玻璃板远离所述中间层的表面为所述外表面，所述内玻璃板远离所述中间层的表面为所述内表面，所述外玻璃板和/或所述内玻璃板对波长为850nm～1650nm的近红外线的透过率大于或等于91％。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述透明纳米膜仅包括所述标准高折射率层、所述增强高折射率层和所述最外低折射率层，所述标准高折射率层的厚度为5nm-35nm，所述增强高折射率层的厚度为45nm-65nm，所述最外低折射率层的厚度为90nm-120nm。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述透明纳米膜还包括至少一个叠层结构，至少一个所述叠层结构设于所述标准高折射率层与所述内玻璃板之间，每个所述叠层结构包括依次层叠的高折射率层和低折射率层，所述高折射率层的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，所述低折射率层的折射率在1.35-1.60之间。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述叠层结构的数量为一个，且所述高折射率层设于所述内玻璃板远离所述中间层的表面，所述低折射率层设于所述高折射率层与所述标准高折射率层之间，所述高折射率层的膜层厚度为2nm-180nm，且所述低折射率层的膜层厚度为30nm-85nm，所述标准高折射率层的厚度为5nm-55nm，所述增强高折射率 层的厚度为45nm-65nm，所述最外低折射率层的厚度为85nm-130nm。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述叠层结构的数量为两个，且分别为第一叠层结构和第二叠层结构，所述第一叠层结构包括第一高折射率层和第一低折射率层，所述第二叠层结构包括第二高折射率层和第二低折射率层，所述第一高折射率层、所述第一低折射率层、所述第二高折射率层、所述第二低折射率层、所述标准高折射率层、所述增强高折射率层和所述最外低折射率层依次层叠设置于所述内玻璃板远离所述中间层的表面，所述第一高折射率层的膜层厚度为140nm-190nm，所述第一低折射率层的膜层厚度为5nm-95nm，所述第二高折射率层的膜层厚度为130nm-205nm，所述第二低折射率层的膜层厚度为25nm-90nm，所述标准高折射率层的厚度为5nm-45nm，所述增强高折射率层的厚度为45nm-60nm，所述最外低折射率层的厚度为80nm-105nm。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间层的楔角等于0，或为0.01mrad～0.15mrad。
  15. 根据权利要求9所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间层为可见光透过率大于或等于80％的着色中间层。
  16. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述车窗玻璃的可见光透过率大于或等于70％，从外表面一侧测量所述车窗玻璃的反射颜色的Lab值：a＜3、b＜0.5。
  17. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述车窗玻璃对从车内一侧以65°入射角入射的波长为469nm、529nm、629nm的P偏振光反射率中的极差值小于或等于3％。
  18. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括探测组件、投影组件和如权利要求1-17任一项所述的车窗玻璃，所述探测组件和所述投影组件设于所述车窗玻璃设有所述透明纳米膜的一侧，车窗玻璃包括信号传输区和/或抬头显示区，所述探测组件用于发射和/或接收波长在850nm至1650nm范围内的探测光线，所述探测光线穿过所述信号传输区，所述投影组件用于向所述抬头显示区发射波长在380nm至780nm范围内的投影光线；
    所述探测光线以50°～73°入射角入射至所述信号传输区，且所述探测光线包括至少80％的P偏振光；
    所述投影光线以45°～85°入射角入射至所述抬头显示区，且所述投影光线包括至少90％的P偏振光。
  19. 一种车窗玻璃的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    提供内玻璃板；
    在所述内玻璃板的表面形成透明纳米膜，其中，所述透明纳米膜包括标准高折射率层、增强高折射率层和最外低折射率层，在远离所述内玻璃板的方向上，所述标准高折射率层、所述增强高折射率层与所述最外低折射率层依次层叠设置，所述标准高折射率层的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，所述增强高折射率层的折射率大于或等于2.6，所述最外低折射率层的折射率在1.35-1.60之间；及
    将设有所述透明纳米膜的内玻璃板与中间层、外玻璃板进行合片以形成所述车窗玻璃。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述在所述内玻璃板的表面形成透明纳米膜包括：
    所述标准高折射率层通过磁控溅射方法形成，磁控溅射所述标准高折射率层的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源；
    在所述标准高折射率层远离所述内玻璃板的表面通过磁控溅射方法形成所述增强高折射率层，磁控溅射所述增强高折射率层的靶材电源为高功率脉冲磁控溅射电源；及
    在所述增强高折射率层远离所述标准高折射率层的表面通过磁控溅射方法形成所述最外低折射率层，磁控溅射所述最外低折射率层的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述透明纳米膜还包括至少一个叠层结构，至少一个所述叠层结构设于所述标准高折射率层与所述内玻璃板之间，每个所述叠层结构包括依次层叠的高折射率层和低折射率层，所述高折射率层的折射率在1.61-2.59之间，所述低折射率层的折射率在1.35-1.60之间；
    所述高折射率层和所述低折射率层通过磁控溅射方法形成，磁控溅射所述高折射率层和所述低折射率层的靶材电源为中频磁控溅射电源。
PCT/CN2023/124394 2022-10-14 2023-10-13 车窗玻璃及其制备方法、车辆 WO2024078605A1 (zh)

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