WO2024061969A1 - Système de mesure d'une longueur d'onde centrale d'une raie spectrale avec une haute précision et méthode associée - Google Patents
Système de mesure d'une longueur d'onde centrale d'une raie spectrale avec une haute précision et méthode associée Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0218—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
- G01N21/274—Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/3103—Atomic absorption analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J2003/2866—Markers; Calibrating of scan
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/443—Emission spectrometry
Definitions
- TITLE System for measuring a central wavelength of a spectral line with high precision and associated method.
- the present invention relates to the field of spectroscopy, and more particularly the determination of the central wavelength of a spectral line with very high precision.
- spectroscopy for example in atomic or molecular spectroscopy, or to determine the isotopic abundance of an element in a sample by an optical method (called LIBRIS for Laser Induced Breakdown self-Reversal Isotopic Spectrometry, see more far)
- LIBRIS Laser Induced Breakdown self-Reversal Isotopic Spectrometry
- high precision in determining the value of the central wavelength of a spectral line is required.
- the spectral line to be characterized is produced by a light source and can be an absorption or emission line, atomic or molecular. We typically look for an uncertainty of less than 5 pm, or even less than 1 pm, in the value of the central wavelength.
- the detection system is calibrated in wavelength by means of a reference source emitting known lines, typically a mercury vapor lamp or a hollow cathode lamp.
- a reference source emitting known lines, typically a mercury vapor lamp or a hollow cathode lamp.
- the position of the line to be analyzed and the position of the reference line are marked in pixels on the detector, and the line to be analyzed is determined based on its relative position compared to that of the reference line.
- the detector comprises at least N pixels Pi aligned along a line, with i varying from 1 to N. When it is 2D an integration on all the pixels of the same column is carried out.
- the detector is CCD technology matrix, with 2048x512 pixels.
- ⁇ ref be the central wavelength of the reference line and 70 be the wavelength to be determined
- Pref be the position of ⁇ ref identified in pixels of the detector
- PO be the position of 70 on this same detector.
- the wavelength 7ref is of course chosen so that it appears on the detector simultaneously at 70 for the same configuration of the spectrometer.
- the detection of the reference line and that of the line to be analyzed are carried out sequentially in time.
- the signal from the sample is routed to the detection system by an optical fiber.
- these two measurements are separated by a duration which is of the order of a minute, which is sufficient for such a drift to occur.
- the invention is of particular interest for the LIBRIS method, its principle is recalled below as well as the principle of the LIBS and LAMIS methods.
- the principle of LIBS technology is to focus a laser pulse on the surface of a material sample (or material) to generate a transient plasma whose light emission is analyzed by means of a spectrometer.
- a material sample or material
- spectrometer By collecting the light emission from the plasma and analyzing the spectrum by spectrometry, it is possible to identify the elements present in the plasma, and therefore to determine the composition of the material, from emission line databases.
- LIBS we integrate the intensity over the entire width of the line.
- LAMIS technology for example described in the publication by R. Russo et al., Spectrochim. Acta B 66 (2011) 99 is an alternative derived from LIBS which makes it possible to carry out an isotopic analysis from the lines of molecules formed by reaction between the ablated material and a constituent of the ambient environment, or by reaction between two atoms of the material ablated.
- a laser generator L0 generates a laser beam FLO which is focused on the sample 1 using a first optical system 2. This generates a plasma PI0. The plasma emits a light emission 3 which is collected by an OSO optical system. The focused light emission is sent to a SpecO spectrometer via an FO optical fiber.
- the SpecO spectrometer includes (or is associated with) a DetO detector synchronized with the L0 laser generator. The SpecO spectrometer allows you to record line spectra.
- UT0 processing means make it possible to process the recorded spectra.
- LIBS makes it possible to generate a spectrum 20, which is in the form of a set of spectral lines which correspond to the emission lines of the elements composing the material, and allows - using the available correlation data between emission lines and elements - to determine the elemental composition of the material sample.
- the wavelength X of a line provides information on an element present in the material and the intensity I is linked to the concentration of this element.
- LIBS emission spectrometry also applies to isotopic analysis because the atomic lines of different isotopes of the same element are at slightly different wavelengths. This spectral shift, called isotopic shift, is due to mass effects (mostly for light elements) and modification of the charge distribution inside the nucleus (mostly for heavy elements). If we want to carry out this isotope analysis by LIBS, it is imperative to separate the lines of the 2 isotopes. However, this spectral shift is generally of the order of a fraction of nm or even a few pm, as shown in Table I below:
- a first solution consists of carrying out the analysis at reduced pressure, or even under vacuum. By thus limiting the confinement of the plasma by the ambient environment, its density is reduced and sufficient spectral selectivity can be found for certain isotopes.
- a double line is visualized, and the determination of the isotopic ratio is carried out from the intensity ratio between the two lines associated with the two isotopes. This approach is not applicable to all isotopes and requires a spectrometer with high resolving power, and therefore bulky.
- a second solution consists of sending a second laser beam through the plasma, in order to measure a resonant absorption or fluorescence signal, which is restrictive and complicates the measurement system.
- the LAMIS technique can also be used, but this requires meeting several conditions: 1. Molecules must be formed in the plasma; 2. They must be sufficiently stable under the plasma temperature/density conditions; 3. They must have detectable lines, that is to say of sufficient lifespan, sufficiently intense, and in the spectral band of the detection system. In the case of lithium for example we do not detect a LAMIS signal probably because the 2nd condition is not met.
- the LIBRIS technique is an optical technique making it possible to determine the isotopic abundance of an element in a sample (solid, liquid or gas) from the emission spectrum of a laser ablation plasma. This technique is for example described in the publication by K. Touchet et al., Spectrochim. Acta B 168 (2020) 105868 and in document US 2019/0041336. It is a variant of LIBS technology and uses the same optical system. LIBRIS technology overcomes the various disadvantages of the LIBS method by allowing measurement of an isotope ratio at atmospheric pressure and without a second laser.
- the profile of the lines results from the emission and the self-absorption at the same wavelength corresponding to the electronic transitions between two levels of all the considered atoms placed on its line of sight. Consequently, the measured intensity is not just the sum of all plasma emissions, because this self-absorption must be taken into account.
- the self-absorption phenomenon is rather considered as an undesirable phenomenon because it leads to a distortion of the line profile, and therefore to a non-linearity of the signal. relative to the concentration of the element of interest. LIBRIS exploits this self-absorption effect to deduce information on the isotopes of a given element in a material.
- Figures 2 and 3 illustrate an RS0 line of an element of interest, selected from a spectrum 20, obtained in two cases, depending on the concentration of the element in the material.
- Figure 2 illustrates the case where the concentration of the element in the plasma is lower, the self-absorption phenomenon is little marked or even absent.
- the dotted curves ISOi and ISO2 represent the emission of the 2 isotopes.
- Each line has a significant width compared to the gap between the 2 lines, mainly due to the Stark effect in the plasma, and this is why we do not distinguish them individually: we detect the solid line RS0 which corresponds to the sum of the 2.
- the principle of LIBRIS is that the central wavelength of the solid line varies with the isotopic abundance, that is to say with the ratio of the amplitudes of the 2 dotted lines.
- Figure 3 illustrates the case where the element is in high concentration in the plasma, the self-absorption phenomenon is then marked.
- a line profile hollowed out in its center double bell profile
- an inverted line resulting from the superposition of a spectrally broad emission profile, with a spectrally narrower absorption profile.
- the central wavelength 70 is in this case measured on the part of the profile corresponding to the absorption, that is to say at the minimum point 30 of the observed trough. It is correlated to the ratio between two isotopes Isoi and lso 2 of the element considered, and it is shifted according to said isotopic ratio. It is this measurement of the wavelength of the trough which defines the LIBRIS technology.
- the measurement of the isotopic ratio is carried out from the very precise measurement of the wavelength 70, maximum of the bell-shaped line or minimum of the line, called inverted, in the form of a double bell. .
- This wavelength A o shifts linearly with the isotopic abundance, between ⁇ R 1 and ⁇ R 2 , the indices 1 and 2 referring to two isotopes of the element.
- ⁇ R 1 and ⁇ R 2 are physical data available in spectroscopic databases and/or in scientific publications. The analytical uncertainty on the isotopic abundance is therefore directly linked to the uncertainty in the determination of the wavelength 70.
- An aim of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a method and a system for determining the central wavelength of an absorption or emission line, atomic or molecular, produced by a light source, with sub-picometric precision.
- the subject of the present invention is a system for measuring a central wavelength of interest of a spectral line of interest measured by a spectrometer, the spectral line of interest corresponding to an emission or an absorption of a sample to be characterized, a light signal coming from the sample being called a sample signal, the spectral line of interest having either a bell-shaped profile, said central wavelength of interest then corresponding to the top of said bell-shaped profile , i.e. a double bell profile, said central wavelength of interest then corresponding to the hollow between the two bells, the system comprising:
- a detection system comprising a spectrometer associated with a detector comprising a plurality of pixels aligned in a direction X, the spectral line of interest being detected on pixels of the detector,
- a reference source emitting a light signal, called a reference signal, the reference source presenting a reference spectral line having a central so-called reference wavelength of known value, the reference wavelength being chosen so as to be detected on at least one pixel of the detector,
- optical fiber having a first and a second input and an output, the optical fiber being configured so that:
- the output is coupled to an input of the spectrometer, the measurement system being configured so that the detector detects said sample signal and said reference signal simultaneously or sequentially in the time, so as to generate a measured profile of interest and a reference measured profile, the measurement system further comprising a processing unit configured to:
- the measurement system is configured so that the detector detects the sample signal and the reference signal simultaneously, the reference source having a reference wavelength located outside the spectral line of interest.
- the measurement system is configured so that the detector detects sequentially in time said sample signal for a signal duration and said reference signal for a reference duration, the signal duration and the reference duration being separated by a so-called intermediate duration.
- the sample signal is pulsed.
- the measurement system further comprises a pulsed laser configured to illuminate the sample so as to generate said sample signal.
- the sample signal is emitted by a plasma and the system according to the invention further comprises an optical system configured to inject part of said light signal from the sample into the first input of the optical fiber .
- the system according to the invention is suitable for measuring an isotopic abundance of an element present in the sample.
- the central wavelength of interest corresponds to a line resulting from contributions of two isotopes of said element, the value of the central wavelength of interest making it possible to determine said abundance.
- the invention relates to a first method for determining a central wavelength of interest of a spectral line of interest measured by a spectrometer, the spectral line of interest corresponding to a emission or absorption of a sample to be characterized, a light signal from the sample being called sample signal, the spectral line of interest having either a bell-shaped profile, said central wavelength of interest then corresponding to the peak of said bell-shaped profile, i.e. a double-bell profile, said central wavelength of interest then corresponding to the hollow between the two bells, the spectrometer being associated with a detector comprising a plurality of pixels aligned in a direction spectral of interest being detected on pixels of the detector.
- the method includes the steps of:
- Y optical fiber having a first and a second input and an output
- - have a reference source emitting a light signal, called a reference signal, the reference source presenting a reference spectral line having a central wavelength called a reference of known value, the reference wavelength being chosen so as to be detected on at least one pixel of the detector,
- the invention also relates to a second method for determining a central wavelength of interest of a spectral line of interest measured by a spectrometer, the spectral line of interest corresponding to an emission or an absorption of a sample to be characterized, a light signal coming from the sample being called a sample signal, the spectral line of interest having either a bell-shaped profile, said central wavelength of interest then corresponding to the top of said bell-shaped profile , i.e.
- the spectrometer being associated with a detector comprising a plurality of pixels aligned in a direction X, the spectral line of interest being detected on pixels of the detector.
- the method includes the steps of:
- Y optical fiber having a first and a second input and an output
- - have a reference source emitting a light signal, called a reference signal, the reference source presenting a reference spectral line having a central wavelength called a reference of known value, the reference wavelength being chosen so as to be detected on at least one pixel of the detector,
- the intermediate duration is less than 5 s.
- an additional detection of the so-called additional reference signal is carried out so that the detection of the sample signal at a time tO is temporally framed by the detection of the reference signals, and generates an additional reference measured profile
- an additional reference position is further determined, and a so-called intermediate reference position is determined at time tO by interpolation, from the reference and additional reference positions, and from a law of variation of the reference position as a function of predetermined time,
- the processing step comprises the sub-step consisting of adjusting values of the measured profiles of interest and reference with known mathematical functions so as to determine by interpolation said positions of interest and of reference with sub-pixel precision.
- the light signal coming from the sample is pulsed.
- the light signal coming from the sample comes from an emission of a plasma emitted by the sample illuminated by a pulsed laser.
- the methods according to the invention are adapted to determine an isotopic abundance of an element present in said sample, said central wavelength of interest corresponding to a line resulting from the contributions of two isotopes of said element, said value of the central wavelength of interest making it possible to determine said abundance.
- Figure 1 already cited illustrates the measurement principle using the LIBS, LAMIS and LIBRIS technologies.
- Figure 2 already cited illustrates a spectral line measured in a case where the element is in low concentration in the plasma, the self-absorption phenomenon is then little marked or even negligible.
- Figure 3 already cited illustrates a spectral line measured in a case where the element is in high concentration in the plasma, the self-absorption phenomenon is then marked.
- Figure 4 already cited illustrates the evolution of the central wavelength 70 measured as a function of the isotopic abundance of the 6Li isotope of Lithium in the sample.
- Figure 5 illustrates a system for measuring a central wavelength of interest according to the invention.
- Figure 6 illustrates the measured profile of interest and the measured reference profile.
- Figure 7 illustrates a system according to the invention in the context of LIBRIS, that is to say that it is adapted for measuring an isotopic ratio of an element present in the sample.
- Figure 8 illustrates the method for determining a central wavelength of interest according to the invention.
- Figure 9 illustrates the theoretical reference and interest profiles which best fit with experimental points respectively of the measured reference and interest profiles.
- Figure 10 illustrates the data obtained by repeating the measurement 18 times (measurements n°i numbered from 1 to 18): for each measurement i we determine on the one hand a raw value (cross), and on the other hand a corrected value (points) determined according to the method according to the invention.
- Figure 11 shows the mean and the standard deviation of these 18 measurements in both cases, raw and corrected.
- the invention relates to a system 10 for measuring a central wavelength of interest Xc of a spectral line of interest RSe measured by a spectrometer illustrated in Figure 5.
- the invention also relates to a method 100 of measurement of the central wavelength.
- the invention can be applied to LIBS or another spectroscopic technique, whatever the pressure, as long as we need to measure a wavelength precisely.
- LIBS/LAMIS this is the case for physical applications in which there is an interest in precisely determining the wavelength, for example when it comes to measuring the spectral shift of a line due to the effect Stark or the Doppler effect.
- the invention also applies to LIBRIS for which it is particularly suitable.
- the spectral line of interest corresponds to an emission or absorption of a sample Ech to be characterized, and the light signal coming from the sample is called sample signal SLech.
- the spectral line has either a bell-shaped profile, ⁇ C then corresponding to the wavelength of the peak of the bell-shaped profile, or a double-bell profile, ⁇ C then corresponding to the wavelength of the trough between the two bells.
- Different physical effects can be at the origin of the excitation of the sample for the generation of the sample signal.
- a plasma which emits the sample signal.
- the sample is illuminated by a pulsed laser.
- remission of the sample is induced by an excitation source other than a pulsed laser, for example an electrical discharge as in spark spectrometry or a luminescent discharge.
- the plasma can also be an inductive plasma.
- the sample signal is pulsed.
- the system 10 according to the invention also comprises a pulse laser L configured to illuminate the sample. In response to this illumination, according to a physical effect, such as the emission of a plasma or other, the illuminated sample emits the pulsed light signal SLech to be characterized.
- the system 10 comprises a detection system comprising a Spectro spectrometer being associated with (or comprising) a detector Det, this detector comprising a plurality of pixels Pi aligned in a direction X.
- the spectral line of interest RSe is detected on detector pixels.
- the system 10 also includes a reference source Sref which emits a light signal called reference signal SLref.
- the reference source presents a reference spectral line RSref having a central so-called reference wavelength of known value Xref.
- the reference wavelength is chosen so as to be detected on at least one pixel of the detector.
- the reference source Sref is independent of the sample excitation source at the origin of the sample signal SLech.
- the system 10 also includes an optical fiber FOY in Y, having a first input E1 and a second input E2 and an output S.
- the optical fiber FOY is positioned and the system 10 is configured so that the first input E1 of the fiber collects the light signal SLech coming from the sample, and the second input E2 of the fiber collects the light signal SLref coming from the sample. from the reference source.
- the RSe and RSref lines are thus detected on the detector for the same setting (same configuration) of the spectrometer.
- the reference source is chosen according to the spectral characteristics of the sample to be analyzed.
- the output S of the fiber is coupled to an input of the spectrometer.
- the spectrometer and the detector potentially simultaneously have the two signals SLech and SLref.
- the system 10 is configured so that the detector Det detects simultaneously (first variant) or sequentially (second variant) in time the sample signal SLech and the reference signal SLref. [0071] This detection generates a measured profile of interest PSech and a measured reference profile PSref as illustrated in Figure 6.
- the abscissa of the profiles is the index i of the pixels Pi of the detector and the ordinate is an intensity li detected for each pixel.
- the system finally comprises a processing unit UT configured to process the measured profiles of interest and reference so as to determine a position of interest Pech of the central wavelength of interest 7c and a reference position Pref reference wavelength 7ref, measured in detector pixels.
- the acquisition of the two measured profiles is carried out simultaneously.
- the reference source should have a reference wavelength located outside the spectral line of interest. If this is not the case, the reference signal may disturb the sample signal.
- the plasma signal is intense and short-lived.
- the reference source should be sufficiently intense so that the optimized acquisition parameters of the detector for the detection of each spectrum are identical.
- the acquisition of the two profiles is carried out sequentially over time.
- the detector Det detects said sample signal for a signal duration Ds and said reference signal for a duration reference Dref.
- the signal duration and the reference duration are separated by a so-called intermediate duration Dint which we seek to minimize.
- the exposure times Ds and Dref are adjusted as a function of SLech and Slref respectively so that the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficient for good detection of each signal.
- the reference wavelength can be identical to the central wavelength of interest, which is for example the case of a lithium hollow cathode lamp for LIBRIS analysis. lithium.
- the SLref and SLech signals generally have very different intensity profiles as a function of time.
- Sref typically a hollow cathode lamp, emits few photons continuously.
- the SLech signal is a pulsed signal, typically intense and of short duration (large quantity of photons for a very short time, for example the plasma signal).
- the system according to the invention is configured so that the detector successively detects the two spectra with different acquisition parameters.
- the detector is of the intensified CCD type.
- the difference between the two measurements, corresponding to Dint can be made negligible compared to the risk of drift in wavelength of the detection system, preferably Dint ⁇ 5 s, or even Dint ⁇ 1 s.
- the light signal SLech comes from an emission of a plasma PI emitted by the sample Ech, illuminated by a pulsed laser L.
- the system 10 according to the invention then comprises, in addition to the laser L, an optic 2 which focuses the laser beam on the sample and an optical system SO configured to inject part of the light signal coming from the sample into the first input E1 of the optical fiber.
- the processing unit UT is also configured to synchronize the detector Det with the laser L for the detection of the sample signal.
- the system 10 according to the invention is associated with the implementation of LIBRIS technology, that is to say it is adapted for the measurement of an isotopic ratio of an element present in the sample Ech.
- the central wavelength of interest corresponds to a line resulting from contributions from two isotopes of the element, and the value of the wavelength center of interest makes it possible to determine the isotopic abundance as explained above.
- the detection duration of SLech is determined as a function of the duration of the laser pulse and the laser frequency f.
- Ds is the order of the ps.
- the method 100 for determining the central wavelength of interest ⁇ c of a spectral line of interest RSe measured by a spectrometer comprises the following steps.
- the optical fiber OFY is then positioned so that the first input collects the sample signal, the second input collects the reference signal, and the output is coupled to an Espec input of the spectrometer.
- the sample signal SLech and the reference signal SLref are simultaneously detected, so as to generate a measured profile of interest PSech and a measured reference profile PSref.
- the measured profiles of interest and reference are processed so as to determine a position of interest Pech and a reference position Pref, measured in pixels of the detector, respectively of the central wavelength of interest and the reference wavelength.
- a value of the central wavelength of interest is determined from a difference between the positions of interest and the reference, the known value of the reference wavelength and the linear dispersion DL of the spectrometer + detector detection system.
- the sample signal SLech is detected sequentially in time during the signal duration Ds and the reference signal SLref during the Dref reference duration, and no longer both signals simultaneously.
- the signal duration and the reference duration are separated by a predetermined so-called intermediate duration Dint.
- the other steps are identical.
- the temporal sequence is obtained with shutters 01 and 02 arranged in front of the inputs E1 and E2 and programmed to adjust the durations Ds, Dref and Dint.
- SLech is a pulse signal of frequency f
- the shutter 01 is synchronized with the frequency of the signal SLref to let the desired number of pulses pass and the shutter 02 is configured to transmit the signal SLech for a sufficient Dech duration, before or after the activation of the shutter 01, with a time Dint between the activation of the two shutters reduced to a minimum and limited by the speed of the electronics of the detection system.
- the sample signal comes from an emission of a plasma emitted by the sample illuminated by a pulsed laser.
- the method is suitable for measuring the isotopic abundance of an element present in the sample.
- the central wavelength of interest then corresponds to a line resulting from the contributions of the two isotopes of the element and its value makes it possible to determine the abundance, as described previously.
- the brightness of Sref is adjusted so that the intensity of SLref detected during the time Ds is negligible, that is to say -say not detectable compared to noise.
- the signal SLech For the implementation of the temporal sequence ST, we arrange for the signal SLech to correspond to the last shot of the laser L and we synchronize the detector with the last shot.
- the duration Ds is of the order of ps or ten ps and limited by the frequency f of the laser.
- the detector is configured to detect SLref during a time window Dref typically of the order of s or a few s.
- the signal SLref is always present on the detector even during the detection of SLech, SLref being negligible over the time window Ds and it is the detector Det which is programmed in this case according to the temporal sequence.
- the value of Dint is also limited by the speed of the electronics of the detection system.
- the processing step comprises the sub-step consisting of adjusting the values of the measured reference profiles PSref and of interest PSech with known mathematical functions so as to determine by interpolation the positions of interest and reference with sub-pixel precision.
- the mathematical functions used are chosen from: Gaussian, Lorentzian, Voigt.
- the Pref and Pech positions are determined in fractions of pixels (typically with a precision to the second decimal place).
- the sequential detection step further comprises an additional detection of the so-called additional reference signal Sref/add so that the detection of the sample signal at a time t 0 is temporally framed by the detection of the reference signal Sref for example at ti ⁇ t 0 , and of the additional reference signal Sref/add at t2>to-
- the sequence ST is then for example: signal SLref during Dref / Dint / signal SLech during Ds / Dint / signal SLref/add during Dref.
- an additional reference position Pref/add is also determined.
- the adjustment with a theoretical curve can be applied to determine Pref/add. Due to spectrometer drift, the Pref and Pref/add positions are slightly different.
- the so-called intermediate reference position POref is also determined at time tO by interpolation, from the positions of reference Pref and additional reference Pref/add, and from a law of variation of the reference position as a function of predetermined time, typically considered linear. Thanks to this interpolation we correct the drift of the spectrometer between times ti and t 0 or between times t 0 and t 2 .
- the position POref is thus more precise than Pref obtained by a single detection of the spectrum of the reference source at a time before or after to. This amounts to returning to a case of almost instantaneous detection of the reference and the sample.
- the step of determining the central wavelength of interest is then carried out using the difference Pech - POref.
- the parameters a and b are determined from the measurements at times ti and t2:
- a line from a mercury vapor lamp is measured in the presence of spectrometer drift, the line from the mercury vapor source constitutes the spectral line of interest.
- the graph in Figure 10 illustrates the data obtained by repeating the measurement 18 times (measurements i numbered from 1 to 18). For each measurement i we determine on the one hand a raw value XCB(Î) (cross) and on the other hand a corrected value Xc(i) (points) determined according to method 100 according to the invention.
- Raw values are obtained by direct measurement with the detection system. Scattering of the raw data is evident and results from spectrometer drift. The corrected ⁇ c values are very little dispersed over the 18 measurements.
- Figure 11 shows the mean and the standard deviation o of these 18 measurements in both cases, raw and corrected with ⁇ ref of the HCL lamp, respectively (n, o B ) and (X c m, o c ) -
- the "true" value, otherwise known very precisely, of the wavelength of the mercury vapor lamp is X
- Vm 671.643 nm. This value is also mentioned in Figure 11 and makes it possible to test the relevance of the method according to the invention.
- the value ⁇ c m is much closer to X
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CN202380066696.5A CN119895237A (zh) | 2022-09-21 | 2023-09-20 | 用于以高精度测量光谱线的中心波长的系统和相关方法 |
EP23776025.1A EP4591039A1 (fr) | 2022-09-21 | 2023-09-20 | Système de mesure d'une longueur d'onde centrale d'une raie spectrale avec une haute précision et méthode associée |
KR1020257012941A KR20250070098A (ko) | 2022-09-21 | 2023-09-20 | 높은 정확도로 스펙트럼 라인의 중심 파장을 측정하기 위한 시스템 및 연관된 방법 |
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0834725A2 (fr) * | 1996-10-03 | 1998-04-08 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Analyse de données spectrométriques |
US20020186363A1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2002-12-12 | James Samsoondar | Method and apparatus for screening plasma for interferents in plasma from donor blood bags |
US7636158B1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2009-12-22 | Romuald Pawluczyk | Optimal coupling of high performance line imaging spectrometer to imaging system |
US20140347659A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2014-11-27 | Waterford Institute Of Technology | Stationary Waveguide Spectrum Analyser |
US20190041336A1 (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-07 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Isotopic measuring device |
US20200264044A1 (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-20 | Verity Instruments, Inc. | Fiberoptically-coupled measurement system with reduced sensitivity to angularly-driven variation of signals upon reflection from a wafer |
US20220252454A1 (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-08-11 | Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) Gmbh | Peak Determination in Two-Dimensional Optical Spectra |
-
2022
- 2022-09-21 FR FR2209563A patent/FR3139896B1/fr active Active
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2023
- 2023-09-20 WO PCT/EP2023/075943 patent/WO2024061969A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2023-09-20 CN CN202380066696.5A patent/CN119895237A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-20 KR KR1020257012941A patent/KR20250070098A/ko active Pending
- 2023-09-20 EP EP23776025.1A patent/EP4591039A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0834725A2 (fr) * | 1996-10-03 | 1998-04-08 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Analyse de données spectrométriques |
US20020186363A1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2002-12-12 | James Samsoondar | Method and apparatus for screening plasma for interferents in plasma from donor blood bags |
US7636158B1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2009-12-22 | Romuald Pawluczyk | Optimal coupling of high performance line imaging spectrometer to imaging system |
US20140347659A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2014-11-27 | Waterford Institute Of Technology | Stationary Waveguide Spectrum Analyser |
US20190041336A1 (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-07 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Isotopic measuring device |
US20200264044A1 (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-20 | Verity Instruments, Inc. | Fiberoptically-coupled measurement system with reduced sensitivity to angularly-driven variation of signals upon reflection from a wafer |
US20220252454A1 (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-08-11 | Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) Gmbh | Peak Determination in Two-Dimensional Optical Spectra |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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K. TOUCHET ET AL., SPECTROCHIM. ACTA B, vol. 168, 2020, pages 105868 |
R. RUSSO ET AL., SPECTROCHIM. ACTA B, vol. 66, 2011, pages 99 |
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KR20250070098A (ko) | 2025-05-20 |
EP4591039A1 (fr) | 2025-07-30 |
CN119895237A (zh) | 2025-04-25 |
FR3139896B1 (fr) | 2024-12-13 |
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