WO2024048761A1 - 検出装置、放射線特定装置及び中性子画像化装置 - Google Patents
検出装置、放射線特定装置及び中性子画像化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024048761A1 WO2024048761A1 PCT/JP2023/032011 JP2023032011W WO2024048761A1 WO 2024048761 A1 WO2024048761 A1 WO 2024048761A1 JP 2023032011 W JP2023032011 W JP 2023032011W WO 2024048761 A1 WO2024048761 A1 WO 2024048761A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/17—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular type of detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/185—Measuring radiation intensity with ionisation chamber arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/18—Measuring radiation intensity with counting-tube arrangements, e.g. with Geiger counters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T3/00—Measuring neutron radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T3/00—Measuring neutron radiation
- G01T3/008—Measuring neutron radiation using an ionisation chamber filled with a gas, liquid or solid, e.g. frozen liquid, dielectric
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a detection device that detects electrons, a radiation identification device, and a neutron imaging device.
- the detection device includes a container containing gas, an electron detector that detects electrons generated by Compton scattering, and a radiation detector that detects radiation scattered by Compton scattering.
- Data about electrons detected by an electron detector is useful for radiation analysis. For example, as described in Patent Document 1, information regarding the scattering direction of radiation is calculated from information regarding the position of radiation detected by a radiation detector and information regarding the generation point of electrons.
- the data detected by the electronic detector is sent to the computer. If all the data detected by the electronic detector is sent to the computer, the load on the computer becomes heavy.
- the embodiments of the present disclosure aim to provide a detection device that can effectively solve such problems.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to [1] to [18] below.
- a detection device that detects electrons, a container containing gas; an electron detector located inside the container and configured to detect electrons in an electron cloud formed within the container to generate an analog signal; a drift electrode facing the electron detector; a second readout circuit that digitizes the analog signal generated by the electronic detector to generate second data;
- a computer capable of communicating with the second readout circuit,
- the second readout circuit includes a second buffer in which the second data is stored,
- the second reading circuit is a detection device for transmitting second final data including the second data stored in the second buffer to the computer in response to a second trigger signal.
- the detection device may include a logic circuit connected to the second readout circuit, and the second readout circuit reads the analog signal of the electronic detector. may generate a second hit signal when the intensity of the second hit signal exceeds a threshold; A second trigger signal may be generated.
- the detection device may include a logic circuit connected to the second readout circuit, and the electron detector includes a plurality of anode electrodes and a plurality of cathode electrodes.
- the analog signal of the electron detector may include an anode analog signal generated by the plurality of anode electrodes and a cathode analog signal generated by the plurality of cathode electrodes.
- the second readout circuit generates an anode hit signal when the intensity of the anode analog signal exceeds a threshold, and generates a cathode hit signal when the intensity of the cathode analog signal exceeds a threshold.
- the logic circuit may generate the second trigger signal in response to generation of both the anode hit signal and the cathode hit signal.
- the detection device may include a logic circuit connected to the second readout circuit, and the logic circuit is configured to receive the anode hit signal and the cathode hit signal.
- the second trigger signal may be generated after a second delay time has elapsed since the second trigger signal was generated.
- the second delay time may be less than or equal to a maximum travel time, and the maximum travel time is such that the electrons move from the drift electrode to the electron detector. It may also be the time required to travel to the destination.
- the second buffer of the second readout circuit may store the second data during a second storage period.
- the second storage period may be longer than the second delay time.
- the second final data may include information regarding the intensity of the analog signal generated by the electronic detector. .
- the second readout circuit may acquire information regarding the intensity of the analog signal generated by the electronic detector at a sampling frequency of 50 MHz or less.
- the second readout circuit may acquire information regarding the intensity of the analog signal generated by the electronic detector at a sampling frequency of 10 MHz or more and 20 MHz or less. .
- the second final data may include information regarding the time when the second data was stored in the second buffer. good.
- the second final data may include information regarding the arrival position of electrons on the electron detector.
- the electron cloud may be formed on a track of recoil electrons generated by Compton scattering.
- the electron cloud may be formed in the tracks of tritium and protons generated by a nuclear reaction of neutrons.
- the electron detector may include a plurality of anode electrodes and a plurality of cathode electrodes, and the analog signal of the electron detector is transmitted to the plurality of anode electrodes. and a plurality of cathode analog signals generated by the plurality of cathode electrodes, and the second readout circuit may include a plurality of anode analog signals generated by the plurality of cathode electrodes;
- a cathode hit signal is generated with a distinction between rising and falling signals
- a cathode hit signal is distinguished between rising and falling signals.
- the second final data may include a plurality of the anode hit signals corresponding to the plurality of anode electrodes and a plurality of the cathode hit signals corresponding to the plurality of cathode electrodes. good.
- the electron detector may include a plurality of anode electrodes and a plurality of cathode electrodes, and the analog signal of the electron detector is transmitted to the plurality of anode electrodes. and a plurality of cathode analog signals generated by the plurality of cathode electrodes, and the second readout circuit may include a plurality of anode analog signals generated by the plurality of cathode electrodes; a cathode hit signal may be generated when the intensity of the cathode analog signal exceeds a threshold; TOT information and a plurality of cathode TOT information regarding the plurality of cathode electrodes, each anode TOT information may be information regarding a period during which each anode hit signal is generated, and each cathode TOT information may be information regarding the period during which each cathode hit signal is being generated.
- a radiation identification device The detection device according to any one of [1] to [15], a computer that receives the first final data and the second final data transmitted by the detection device, The computer is a radiation identification device that calculates an incident direction of radiation to the detection device based on first final data and second final data.
- a radiation identification device The detection device according to any one of [1] to [15], a computer that receives the first final data and the second final data transmitted by the detection device, The computer is a radiation identification device that images the position of a radiation source based on first final data and second final data.
- a neutron imaging device comprising: [14] or the detection device according to [15], a computer that receives the second final data transmitted by the detection device;
- the computer is a neutron imaging device that images the incident position of neutrons to the detection device based on the second final data.
- the amount of electronic data transmitted to a computer can be reduced.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a detection device. It is a perspective view showing an example of an electronic detector.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an electron detector. It is a perspective view showing an example of a radiation detector. It is a figure showing an example of Compton scattering which occurs in a detection device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing how electrons reach an electron detector.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an analog signal generated by a radiation detector and an analog signal generated by an electronic detector.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit for generating data.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second readout circuit and a logic circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an anode readout circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a first readout circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of signal processing. It is a figure which shows an example of 1st final data and 2nd final data transmitted to a computer.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of signal processing. It is a figure showing an example of signal processing in a 1st modification. It is a figure which shows the 2nd read-out circuit and logic circuit in a 2nd modification. It is a figure which shows the signal processing in a 2nd modification. It is a perspective view which shows the electron detector in the 3rd modification.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an anode readout circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a first readout circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of signal processing. It is a figure which shows an example of 1st final data and 2nd final
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second readout circuit and a logic circuit in a third modification. It is a figure showing the 1st readout circuit, the 2nd readout circuit, and the logic circuit in a 4th modification. It is a figure which shows the signal processing in the 4th modification.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a detection device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of neutron absorption occurring in a detection device.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an analog signal generated by an electronic detector.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a hit signal.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit for generating data.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of signal processing.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of a device for measuring maximum travel time. 29 is a graph showing the number of electrons detected by the apparatus of FIG. 28; It is a figure which shows the analog signal in a 6th modification. It is a figure which shows the signal processing in the 7th modification. It is a figure which shows the signal processing in the 7th modification.
- the numerical range of the parameter is defined as any one upper limit value candidate and any one lower limit value. It may be configured by combining the candidates.
- “Parameter B is, for example, greater than or equal to A1, may be greater than or equal to A2, may be greater than or equal to A3.
- Parameter B may be, for example, less than or equal to A4, may be less than or equal to A5, and may be less than or equal to A6.
- the numerical range of parameter B may be A1 or more and A4 or less, A1 or more and A5 or less, A1 or more and A6 or less, A2 or more and A4 or less, It may be A2 or more and A5 or less, A2 or more and A6 or less, A3 or more and A4 or less, A3 or more and A5 or less, or A3 or more and A6 or less.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a detection device 10. As shown in FIG. 1
- the detection device 10 includes a container 20, an electron detector 30 and a drift electrode 40 located inside the container 20, and a radiation detector 50.
- the container 20 is, for example, a chamber.
- the interior of the container 20 contains at least a rare gas such as argon or xenon.
- the container 20 may contain a quenching gas having a quenching effect, such as carbon dioxide or methane.
- the container 20 includes a first part 21, a second part 22 that faces the first part 21 in the first direction D1, and a side part 23 that widens from the first part 21 toward the second part 22.
- the detection device 10 can be used to detect radiation that enters the interior of the container 20 through the first part 21 .
- the container 20 may have a cylindrical shape. That is, the side portion 23 may have a circular cross section.
- the container 20 may have a shape other than a cylinder, such as a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the first portion 21 may be curved so as to be convex toward the outside of the container 20.
- the container 20 may include a corner 24 located between the first part 21 and the side part 23.
- the first portion 21 may be spread out flatly.
- the corner 24 may include a surface that extends in a different direction from the first portion 21 and the side portions 23.
- the object that emits radiation is located outside the container 20.
- the first portion 21 may include the surface of the container 20 that is closest to the object.
- Container 20 may include, for example, plastic or metal.
- the plastic may be a fiber reinforced plastic.
- the container 20 may be made of a single metal element or an alloy.
- the metal for example, aluminum or aluminum alloy can be used.
- a metal having a specific gravity of less than 4 may be used.
- the thickness of the container 20 is, for example, 1 mm or more, may be 5 mm or more, or may be 10 mm or more.
- the thickness of the container 20 is, for example, 30 mm or less, may be 25 mm or less, or may be 20 mm or less.
- the thickness of the container 20 is, for example, 2 mm or more, may be 3 mm or more, or may be 5 mm or more.
- the thickness of the container 20 is, for example, 20 mm or less, may be 15 mm or less, or may be 10 mm or less.
- the drift electrode 40, the electron detector 30, and the radiation detector 50 are lined up in this order from the first part 21 to the second part 22. That is, the drift electrode 40 is located closer to the first portion 21 than the electron detector 30 is.
- the radiation detector 50 is located closer to the second section 22 than the electronic detector 30 is.
- Component A is located closer to the first part 21 than component B
- component A is located on the side indicated by arrow S1 in FIG. 1 with respect to component B. means.
- Arrow S1 represents the direction from the second part 22 to the first part 21.
- the distance from component B to first portion 21 may be longer or shorter than the distance from component B to component A.
- the drift electrode 40 may be closer to the first part 21 than to the second part 22.
- the electronic detector 30 and the radiation detector 50 may be closer to the second part 22 than to the first part 21.
- the radiation detector 50 may be located outside the container 20.
- the radiation detector 50 may be located outside the second part 22.
- the radiation detector 50 may face the drift electrode 40 with the second portion 22 in between.
- the radiation detector 50 may be located inside the container 20.
- radiation detector 50 may be located between second section 22 and electronic detector 30.
- the electron detector 30, drift electrode 40, and radiation detector 50 will be described in detail.
- the electron detector 30 detects ionized electrons. By detecting ionized electrons, the trajectory and energy of recoil electrons can be calculated.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the electronic detector 30.
- Electronic detector 30 includes multiple electrodes. Electrons generated by Compton scattering reach some of the plurality of electrodes. Some electrodes generate analog signals as electrons arrive. By identifying some of the electrodes that generated analog signals, information regarding the arrival position of the electrons on the electron detector 30 can be obtained. Based on the intensity of the analog signal, information about the energy of the electrons reaching the electron detector 30 can be obtained. The strength of the analog signal is calculated based on the voltage, amplitude, etc. of the analog signal. For example, the voltage or amplitude of the analog signal may be used as the strength of the analog signal.
- the plurality of electrodes of the electron detector 30 may include a plurality of anode electrodes 31, a plurality of cathode electrodes 32, and a base material 35.
- the base material 35 includes a first surface 351 and a second surface 352 that extend in a direction intersecting the first direction D1.
- the first surface 351 faces the drift electrode 40 .
- the second surface 352 is located on the opposite side of the first surface 351.
- the plurality of cathode electrodes 32 may be located on the first surface 351.
- the plurality of cathode electrodes 32 may be arranged in a second direction D2 orthogonal to the first direction D1.
- Each cathode electrode 32 may extend in a third direction D3 orthogonal to the first direction D1 and the second direction D2.
- the plurality of anode electrodes 31 may include a plurality of line portions 311 located on the second surface 352 and aligned in the third direction D3. Each line portion 311 may extend in the second direction D2.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the electron detector 30. Each line portion 311 may be connected to a plurality of through portions 312 that are arranged in the second direction D2 and that penetrate the base material 35 . The surface of the penetration part 312 may be located in the opening 33 formed in the cathode electrode 32.
- Electrons generated by Compton scattering reach some of the anode electrodes 31 of the plurality of anode electrodes 31 and some of the cathode electrodes 32 of the plurality of cathode electrodes 32.
- Some of the anode electrodes 31 generate an anode analog signal as electrons arrive.
- information regarding the position of the electrons that have reached the electron detector 30 in the third direction D3 can be obtained.
- Some of the cathode electrodes 32 generate cathode analog signals as electrons arrive.
- information regarding the position of the electrons that have reached the electron detector 30 in the second direction D2 can be obtained. In this way, the electron detector 30 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can efficiently provide information regarding the position in the second direction D2 and the position in the third direction D3 of the electrons that have reached the electron detector 30.
- the electronic detector 30 may be provided with a second readout circuit 130, which will be described later, for processing analog signals.
- the second readout circuit 130 may be provided in a separate member from the electronic detector 30.
- the electronic detector 30 may be provided with a cable, a hermetic connector, and a wiring board for transmitting the analog signal to the second readout circuit 130.
- the drift electrode 40 is arranged to face the electron detector 30.
- the drift electrode 40 faces the electron detector 30 in the first direction D1.
- the drift electrode 40 includes a surface that extends in a direction perpendicular to the first direction D1.
- An electric field is generated between the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40, which is directed from the electron detector 30 to the drift electrode 40. Ionized electrons associated with recoil electrons generated by Compton scattering are attracted toward the electron detector 30 by the electric field.
- the radiation detector 50 detects scattered radiation.
- the radiation scattered between the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40 is detected by the radiation detector 50 after passing through the electron detector 30 and the second part 22 of the container.
- the radiation detector 50 can detect the position and energy of radiation that has reached the radiation detector 50.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of the radiation detector 50.
- the radiation detector 50 may include a plurality of detection elements 51 and a circuit board 52 that supports the detection elements 51.
- the plurality of detection elements 51 may be arranged in a direction intersecting the first direction D1.
- the plurality of detection elements 51 may be arranged in a second direction D2 and a third direction D3 that are perpendicular to the first direction D1.
- the radiation reaches some of the detection elements 51 among the plurality of detection elements 51.
- Some of the detection elements 51 generate analog signals as the radiation reaches them.
- information regarding the arrival position of the radiation on the radiation detector 50 can be obtained.
- information regarding the energy of the radiation that has reached the radiation detector 50 can be obtained.
- the strength of the analog signal is calculated based on the voltage, amplitude, etc. of the analog signal.
- the configuration of the detection element 51 is arbitrary as long as it can detect radiation.
- the detection element 51 may include a scintillator that is excited by the scattered radiation and emits fluorescence, and a photodetector that detects the fluorescence.
- the photodetector may include, for example, an avalanche photodiode.
- the detection element 51 may include a semiconductor detection element that detects the scattered radiation.
- the semiconductor detection element may include, for example, a semiconductor containing zinc cadmium telluride.
- the radiation detector 50 includes a first detection element 51 capable of detecting radiation having energy within a first range, and a second detection element 51 capable of detecting radiation having energy within a second range different from the first range. It may include. Thereby, the range of radiation energy that can be detected by the radiation detector 50 can be expanded.
- the radiation detected by the detection element 51 is processed by the circuit board 52 as an electrical signal.
- the circuit board 52 may include circuits, wiring, etc. for processing electrical signals.
- the electrical signal may be transmitted to the outside of the container 20 via, for example, a cable (not shown) connected to the circuit board 52, a hermetic connector, a wiring board, or the like.
- the detection device 10 may include an auxiliary drift electrode 70 located between the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40.
- the auxiliary drift electrode 70 is provided to improve the uniformity of the electric field distribution between the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40.
- the auxiliary drift electrode 70 may include a plurality of ring electrodes 72.
- the plurality of ring electrodes 72 are lined up along the direction in which the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40 face each other.
- the ring electrode 72 includes a first ring surface 73 facing the drift electrode 40 and a second ring surface 74 located on the opposite side of the first ring surface 73.
- An opening 721 may be formed in the ring electrode 72.
- the opening 721 overlaps the electron detector 30 in the opposing direction.
- the ring electrode 72 does not need to overlap the electron detector 30 in the opposing direction.
- the ring electrode 72 may overlap the drift electrode 40 in the opposing direction.
- the auxiliary drift electrode 70 may include a spacer 75 disposed between two adjacent ring electrodes 72 in the opposing direction. Spacer 75 defines the distance between two adjacent ring electrodes 72 in opposing directions. The distance is determined depending on the number of ring electrodes 72, the voltage between the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40, and the like.
- the drift electrode 40 may be attached to the auxiliary drift electrode 70.
- auxiliary drift electrode 70 may include a spacer 75 located between drift electrode 40 and ring electrode 72.
- the structure including the drift electrode 40 and the plurality of ring electrodes 72 is also referred to as a drift cage 45.
- the auxiliary drift electrode 70 may include a wiring 76 that electrically connects two ring electrodes 72 adjacent in the opposing direction.
- the auxiliary drift electrode 70 may include a wiring 76 that electrically connects the drift electrode 40 and the ring electrode 72 adjacent in the opposing direction.
- the auxiliary drift electrode 70 may include a resistor 77 inserted in the path of the wiring 76.
- the potential of the drift electrode 40 is -4000V
- the potential of the electron detector 30 is 0V
- 20 ring electrodes 72 are arranged between the drift electrode 40 and the electron detector 30.
- the potential of the plurality of ring electrodes 72 lined up from the drift electrode 40 toward the electron detector 30 can be changed in steps such as -3800V, -3600V, -3400V, . . . .
- steps such as -3800V, -3600V, -3400V, . . . .
- the auxiliary drift electrode 70 may be supported by a relay board 90.
- Relay board 90 may support electronic detector 30.
- the relay board 90 may include a first board 91 that supports the electron detector 30 and a second board 92 that supports the auxiliary drift electrode 70.
- the second substrate 92 may be located between the first substrate 91 and the auxiliary drift electrode 70.
- the detection device 10 may include an electron amplifier 60 located between the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40.
- the electron amplifier 60 is arranged to face the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40, for example, in the first direction D1.
- the electronic amplifier 60 is configured to produce electronic avalanche amplification.
- Electronic amplifier 60 includes an electrode having a higher potential than the potential of drift electrode 40.
- Electronic amplifier 60 may include a plurality of through holes 61 passing through electronic amplifier 60.
- the electronic amplifier 60 may be configured to generate an electric field in the through hole 61 toward the drift electrode 40 .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of Compton scattering.
- the symbol R1 represents radiation that has passed through the first part 21 of the container 20 and entered the inside of the container 20.
- the radiation R1 is, for example, a charged particle beam (e.g., ⁇ ray, ⁇ ray, etc.), an uncharged particle beam (e.g., neutral particles, neutron beam, etc.), an electromagnetic wave (e.g., gamma ray, X-ray, etc.), or a non-ionizing particle beam. radiation (for example, ultraviolet light, etc.), etc.
- the radiation R1 After passing through the drift electrode 40, the radiation R1 reaches the space between the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40.
- the symbol P represents the position where scattering occurs.
- the position P is also referred to as a scattering point.
- the symbol R2 represents scattered radiation.
- the radiation R2 After passing through the electronic detector 30, the radiation R2 reaches the radiation detector 50. If the radiation detector 50 is located outside the container 20, the radiation R2 also passes through the second part 22 of the container 20.
- the radiation R2 is detected by some of the plurality of detection elements 51. For example, radiation R2 is detected by one detection element 51. Thereby, the arrival position and energy of the radiation R2 can be calculated.
- Symbol R3 indicates an electron cloud formed on the track of recoil electrons.
- the symbol e1 represents an electron located at the starting point of the electron cloud R3.
- the electron e1 may be located at the scattering point P.
- the symbol e2 represents an electron located at the end point of the electron cloud R3.
- Each electron in the electron cloud R3 moves toward the electron detector 30 due to the electric field E1. Such movement is also called drift.
- Each electron of the electron cloud R3 that has reached the electron detector 30 is detected by the anode electrode 31 and cathode electrode 32 of the electron detector 30. Thereby, the position and energy of each electron in the electron cloud R3 can be calculated. Furthermore, the trajectory and energy of recoil electrons and the scattering point P can be calculated.
- the radiation R2 moves from the scattering point P to the radiation detector 50 at approximately the speed of light.
- the recoil electron also moves at approximately the speed of light from the position of electron e1 to the position of electron e2.
- the speed V at which the electron cloud R3 moves toward the electron detector 30 is slower than the speed of light. Therefore, each electron of the electron cloud R3 reaches the electron detector 30 after the radiation R2 reaches the radiation detector 50.
- the time at which each electron of the electron cloud R3 reaches the electron detector 30 differs depending on the distance from each electron to the electron detector 30. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the distance from the electron e2 to the electron detector 30 is shorter than the distance from the electron e1 to the electron detector 30. Therefore, the electron e2 reaches the electron detector 30 before the electron e1.
- the symbols t0, t1, and t2 surrounded by square frames represent the time when the radiation R2 or the electron of the electron cloud R3 occurs or arrives at the position indicated by the symbol.
- the time when the electron e1 is generated, the time when the electron e2 is generated, and the time when the radiation R2 reaches the radiation detector 50 are all t0.
- the electron e1 reaches the electron detector 30 at time t1 after time t0.
- the electron e2 reaches the electron detector 30 at time t2.
- Time t2 is after time t0
- time t1 is after time t2.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an analog signal W_R2 generated by the radiation detector 50 and an analog signal W_R3 generated by the electronic detector.
- the analog signal of the radiation detector 50 is generated at time t0.
- Time ⁇ T2 is the difference between time t0 and time t2.
- the time ⁇ T2 corresponds to the time required for the electron e2 to travel from the end point of the electron cloud R3 to the electron detector 30.
- Time ⁇ T1 is the difference between time t0 and time t1.
- the time ⁇ T1 corresponds to the time required for the electron e1 to travel from the starting point of the electron cloud R3 to the electron detector 30.
- the time required for movement is longest when electrons are generated on the drift electrode 40.
- the time required for electrons to travel from the drift electrode 40 to the electron detector 30 is also referred to as maximum travel time TMAX.
- the maximum travel time TMAX is determined based on the distance between the drift electrode 40 and the electron detector 30 (also referred to as a drift length) and the electron drift speed V.
- the drift velocity V is determined based on the strength of the electric field, the type of gas in the container 20, the pressure of the gas, and the like. For example, under conditions 1 and 2 below, the maximum travel time TMAX is 10.24 ⁇ s.
- the maximum movement time TMAX is, for example, 3 ⁇ s or more, may be 5 ⁇ s or more, or may be 7 ⁇ s or more.
- the maximum movement time TMAX is, for example, 30 ⁇ s or less, may be 20 ⁇ s or less, or may be 15 ⁇ s or less.
- the maximum travel time TMAX may be measured using a device including an electron detector 30 and a drift electrode 40.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus for measuring the maximum travel time TMAX.
- the apparatus comprises a container 20, an electron detector 30 and a drift electrode 40 located inside the container 20, and a radiation source 80 located on the outer surface of the first part 21 of the container 20.
- the electron detector 30 and the drift electrode 40 are opposed to each other in the first direction D1 with an interval H between them.
- the radiation source 80 is a source of radiation.
- the radiation source 80 is, for example, a radiation standard gamma ray source (nuclide: Ba-1133, code number: BA402) of the Japan Isotope Association.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the number of electrons detected by the electron detector 30 of the device of FIG. 28.
- the horizontal axis of the graph in FIG. 29 represents time.
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 29 represents the number of electrons.
- Each of the multiple points on the graph of FIG. 29 indicates the number of electrons detected at a given sampling frequency.
- the sampling frequency is, for example, 50 MHz or less.
- the sampling frequency may be 10 MHz or more and 20 MHz or less.
- the graph includes a period in which the number of electrons is large and the number is approximately constant. This period corresponds to the maximum travel time TMAX.
- the maximum travel time TMAX is calculated by specifying a period in which the number of electrons is large and the number is approximately constant.
- the electron drift velocity V is calculated by H/TMAX.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the circuit.
- the detection device 10 includes at least a first readout circuit 150 and a second readout circuit 130.
- the first readout circuit 150 and the second readout circuit 130 can communicate with the computer 110.
- the computer 110 receives the digital data transmitted from the first readout circuit 150 and the second readout circuit 130, and processes the digital data. For example, the computer 110 calculates the direction of incidence of radiation into the container 20 based on first final data and second final data, which will be described later.
- first final data and second final data which will be described later.
- the combination of the detection device 10 and the computer 110 can function as a radiation identification device that calculates the incident direction of radiation or images the position of the radiation source.
- the computer 110 may image the electron cloud generated within the container 20. In this case, the combination of detection device 10 and computer 110 can function as an electronic imaging device that images electrons.
- Computer 110 may be a general-purpose personal computer or may be a calculation processing module suitable for detection device 10.
- SPECT stands for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (Single Photon Emission CT).
- BNCT Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
- PET is Positron Emission Tomography.
- the first readout circuit 150 digitizes the analog signal generated by the radiation detector 50 to generate first data D10.
- the first data D10 is stored in a first buffer described later.
- the first reading circuit 150 transmits the first final data FD10 to the computer 110 in response to the input of the first trigger signal TS1.
- the first final data FD10 includes first data D10 stored in the first buffer.
- the second readout circuit 130 digitizes the analog signal generated by the electronic detector 30 and generates second data D20.
- the second data D20 is stored in a second buffer, which will be described later.
- the second readout circuit 130 transmits the second final data FD20 to the computer 110 in response to the input of the second trigger signal TS2.
- the second final data FD20 includes second data D20 stored in the second buffer.
- the detection device 10 may include a logic circuit 120 connected to a second readout circuit 130.
- the logic circuit 120 generates the first trigger signal TS1 based on the second data D20 generated by the second readout circuit 130, for example.
- the first trigger signal TS1 is generated in response to generation of a second hit signal, which will be described later, of the second data D20.
- the logic circuit 120 may generate the second trigger signal TS2 based on the second data D20.
- the second trigger signal TS2 is generated in response to the generation of the second hit signal.
- Logic circuit 120 may be connected to both first readout circuit 150 and second readout circuit 130. In this case, the logic circuit 120 may generate trigger signals such as the first trigger signal TS1 and the second trigger signal TS2 based on both the first data D10 and the second data D20.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the second readout circuit 130 and the logic circuit 120.
- the second readout circuit 130 may include an anode readout circuit 131 and a cathode readout circuit 132.
- the anode readout circuit 131 digitizes each anode analog signal generated by the plurality of anode electrodes 31.
- the digital data generated by the anode readout circuit 131 is also referred to as 21st data D21.
- the 21st data D21 is part of the second data D20.
- the 21st data D21 may include the 21st hit signal H21.
- a "hit signal” is a signal generated by binarizing an analog signal. When the strength of the analog signal exceeds the threshold, the hit signal indicates a High state. When the strength of the analog signal is below the threshold, the hit signal indicates a Low state.
- the 21st hit signal H21 is a signal generated by binarizing the anode analog signal.
- the anode readout circuit 131 may transmit the 21st hit signal H21 to the logic circuit 120.
- the second readout circuit 130 may include a plurality of anode readout circuits 131.
- the number of anode readout circuits 131 is determined according to the number of anode electrodes 31 of the electron detector 30. For example, when the number of anode electrodes 31 is 256 and the number of analog signals that one anode readout circuit 131 can process is 128, the second readout circuit 130 includes two anode readout circuits 131.
- the anode readout circuit 131 may transmit the 21st final data FD21 to the computer 110 in response to the input of the second trigger signal TS2.
- the 21st final data FD21 includes the 21st data D21.
- the 21st final data FD21 is part of the second final data FD20.
- the cathode readout circuit 132 digitizes each cathode analog signal generated by the plurality of cathode electrodes 32.
- the digital data generated by the cathode readout circuit 132 is also referred to as 22nd data D22.
- the 22nd data D22 is a part of the 2nd data D20.
- the 22nd data D22 may include the 22nd hit signal H22.
- the 22nd hit signal H22 is a signal generated by binarizing the cathode analog signal.
- the cathode electrode 32 may transmit the 22nd hit signal H22 to the logic circuit 120.
- the second readout circuit 130 may include a plurality of cathode readout circuits 132.
- the number of cathode readout circuits 132 is determined according to the number of cathode electrodes 32 of the electron detector 30. For example, when the number of cathode electrodes 32 is 256 and the number of analog signals that one cathode readout circuit 132 can process is 128, the second readout circuit 130 includes two cathode readout circuits 132.
- the cathode readout circuit 132 may transmit the 22nd final data FD22 to the computer 110 in response to the input of the second trigger signal TS2.
- the 22nd final data FD22 includes 22nd data D22.
- the 22nd final data FD22 is part of the second final data FD20.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of anode readout circuit 131.
- the anode readout circuit 131 may include multiple amplifiers 1361. Each amplifier 1361 amplifies the corresponding anode analog signal AS. Anode readout circuit 131 may include multiple comparators 1362. Each comparator 1362 may generate the 21st hit signal h21 by binarizing the anode analog signal AS amplified by the corresponding amplifier 1361. Anode readout circuit 131 may include an amplifier 1363. Amplifier 1363 adds the multiple anode analog signals AS amplified by multiple amplifiers 1361. The intensity of the analog signal output from amplifier 1363 represents the intensity of electrons detected by anode electrode 31. For example, the waveform of the analog signal output from the amplifier 1363 represents the waveform of electrons detected by the anode electrode 31. The plurality of amplifiers 1361, the plurality of comparators 1362, and the amplifier 1363 may be configured by the first integrated circuit 136. The first integrated circuit 136 is, for example, an ASIC.
- the anode readout circuit 131 may include an AD converter 137.
- AD converter 137 digitizes the analog signal output from amplifier 1363.
- the data digitized by the AD converter 137 is also referred to as 21st intensity data W21.
- the 21st intensity data W21 is part of the 21st data D21.
- the AD converter 137 may be a flash type AD converter. In this case, analog signals are digitized at high speed.
- the sampling rate of the AD converter 137 is, for example, 1 MHz or more, may be 5 MHz or more, or may be 10 MHz or more.
- the sampling rate of the AD converter 137 is, for example, 50 MHz or less, may be 30 MHz or less, or may be 20 MHz or less. By setting the sampling rate low, the amount of data generated by the AD converter 137 can be reduced. Thereby, the load on the computer 110 can be reduced.
- the anode readout circuit 131 may include a 21st buffer 1381 and a 22nd buffer 1382. Buffers included in the second readout circuit 130, such as the 21st buffer 1381 and the 22nd buffer 1382, are also referred to as second buffers.
- the 21st buffer 1381 and the 22nd buffer 1382 are, for example, ring buffers.
- the 21st buffer 1381 and the 22nd buffer 1382 store the 21st data D21 therein during the second storage period.
- the 21st buffer 1381 may temporarily hold the 21st hit signal h21.
- the 21st buffer 1381 may temporarily hold the 21st hit signal H21 obtained by processing the plurality of 21st hit signals h21 using an OR circuit.
- the 21st hit signal H21 indicates a High state when at least one of the plurality of anode analog signals input to the anode readout circuit 131 is in a High state.
- the 22nd buffer 1382 may temporarily hold the 21st intensity data W21.
- the second storage period may be less than or equal to the maximum travel time TMAX described above.
- the anode readout circuit 131 may output the 21st hit signal H21 to the logic circuit 120.
- the anode readout circuit 131 may output the 21st hit signal H21 before being stored in the 21st buffer 1381 to the logic circuit 120.
- the anode readout circuit 131 may include a second data processing section 1383 that processes the outputted 21st data D21.
- the second data processing unit 1383 generates 21st final data FD21 to be sent to the computer 110.
- the 21st final data at least partially includes the information of the 21st data D21.
- the 21st final data FD21 may include information on the 21st hit signal H21.
- the 21st final data D21 may include the 21st intensity data W21.
- the format of the information of the 21st data D21 included in the 21st final data FD21 may be the same as or different from the format of the 21st data D21.
- the 21st final data FD21 may include information regarding the time when the 21st data D21 was stored in the 21st buffer 1381 and the 22nd buffer 1382.
- the 21st final data FD21 may include information regarding the position of the anode electrode 31 where the electrons were detected. In other words, the 21st final data FD21 may include information regarding the arrival position of the electrons on the electron detector 30.
- the 21st buffer 1381, the 22nd buffer 1382, and the second data processing section 1383 may be configured by the second integrated circuit 138.
- the second integrated circuit 138 is, for example, an FPGA.
- the anode readout circuit 131 may output the data collection signal DA21 to the logic circuit 120.
- the data collection signal DA21 is a signal that becomes High when writing to the 21st buffer 1381 and the 22nd buffer 1382 is being performed.
- the configuration of the cathode readout circuit 132 may be the same as the configuration of the anode readout circuit 131.
- the logic circuit 120 may include an OR circuit 121, as shown in FIG.
- the 21st hit signal H21 from each anode readout circuit 131 is input to the OR circuit 121.
- the OR circuit 121 processes the plurality of 21st hit signals H21 and outputs a 23rd hit signal H23.
- the 23rd hit signal H23 indicates a High state when at least one of the plurality of 21st hit signals H21 is in a High state. That is, the 23rd hit signal H23 indicates a High state when at least one of the plurality of anode analog signals generated by the plurality of anode electrodes 31 exceeds the threshold value.
- the 23rd hit signal H23 indicates a Low state when all of the plurality of 21st hit signals H21 are in a Low state. That is, the 23rd hit signal H23 indicates a Low state when all of the plurality of anode analog signals generated by the plurality of anode electrodes 31 are below the threshold value. Such a 23rd hit signal H23 is also referred to as an anode hit signal.
- the logic circuit 120 may include an OR circuit 122, as shown in FIG.
- the 22nd hit signal H22 from each cathode readout circuit 132 is input to the OR circuit 121. Similar to the 21st hit signal H21, the 22nd hit signal H22 indicates a High state when at least one of the plurality of cathode analog signals input to the cathode readout circuit 132 is in a High state.
- the OR circuit 122 processes the plurality of 22nd hit signals H22 and outputs a 24th hit signal H24.
- the 24th hit signal H24 indicates a High state when at least one of the plurality of 22nd hit signals H22 is in a High state.
- the 24th hit signal H24 indicates a High state when at least one of the plurality of cathode analog signals generated by the plurality of cathode electrodes 32 exceeds the threshold value.
- the 24th hit signal H24 indicates a Low state when all of the plurality of 22nd hit signals H22 are in a Low state. That is, the 24th hit signal H24 indicates a Low state when all of the plurality of cathode analog signals generated by the plurality of cathode electrodes 32 are below the threshold value.
- Such a 24th hit signal H24 is also referred to as a cathode hit signal.
- the logic circuit 120 may include an AND circuit 123, as shown in FIG.
- the 23rd hit signal H23 and the 24th hit signal H24 are input to the AND circuit 123.
- the AND circuit 123 processes the 23rd hit signal H23 and the 24th hit signal H24 to generate a second hit signal H20.
- the second hit signal H20 indicates that at least one of the plurality of anode analog signals from the electronic detector 30 exceeds the threshold value, and at least one of the plurality of cathode analog signals from the electronic detector 30 exceeds the threshold value. , indicates a High state.
- the second hit signal H20 indicates a Low state when all of the plurality of anode analog signals are below the threshold value or when all the plurality of cathode analog signals are below the threshold value.
- the logic circuit 120 may include a processing circuit 124 to which the second hit signal H20 is input.
- the processing circuit 124 generates the first trigger signal TS1 when the second hit signal H20 is input.
- the processing circuit 124 may generate the first trigger signal TS1 immediately upon receiving the second hit signal H20.
- the processing circuit 124 may generate the first trigger signal TS1 after the first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the second hit signal H20 was input.
- the first delay time DT1 may be less than or equal to the maximum travel time TMAX described above.
- the processing circuit 124 may generate the second trigger signal TS2 after the second delay time DT2 has elapsed since the second hit signal H20 was input.
- the second delay time DT2 may be less than or equal to the maximum travel time TMAX described above. Thereby, it is possible to suppress generation of the second trigger signal TS2 before electrons generated at a position far from the electron detector 30 reach the electron detector 30.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the first readout circuit 150.
- a plurality of analog signals ES generated by a plurality of detection elements 51 of the radiation detector 50 are input to the first readout circuit 150 .
- the first readout circuit 150 digitizes the plurality of analog signals ES to generate first data D10.
- the first readout circuit 150 may include a plurality of amplifiers that amplify the plurality of analog signals ES. Like the anode readout circuit 131, the first readout circuit 150 may include a plurality of comparators that binarize the plurality of analog signals ES to generate a plurality of hit signals. The first readout circuit 150 may generate the first hit signal H10 by processing a plurality of hit signals with an OR circuit. The first readout circuit 150 may output the first hit signal H10 to the logic circuit 120.
- the first hit signal H10 is part of the first data D10.
- the first hit signal H10 indicates a High state when at least one of the plurality of analog signals generated by the plurality of detection elements 51 exceeds a threshold value.
- the first hit signal H10 indicates a Low state when all of the plurality of analog signals generated by the plurality of detection elements 51 are below the threshold value.
- the first readout circuit 150 may include an AD converter similarly to the anode readout circuit 131.
- the AD converter may digitize an analog signal obtained by adding a plurality of analog signals ES.
- the data digitized by the AD converter is also referred to as first intensity data.
- the first readout circuit 150 may include a first buffer 1561.
- the first buffer 1561 is, for example, a ring buffer.
- the first buffer 1561 stores the first data D10 therein during the first storage period.
- the first storage period may be less than or equal to the maximum travel time TMAX described above. If the first trigger signal TS1 is generated after the first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the second hit signal H20 is input, the first storage period may be longer than the maximum movement time TMAX.
- the first storage period may be shorter than the sum of the first delay time DT1 and the maximum movement time TMAX.
- the first reading circuit 150 may include a first data processing section 1562 that processes the output first data D10.
- the first data processing unit 1562 generates first final data FD1 to be sent to the computer 110.
- the first final data FD1 includes at least partially the information of the first data D10.
- the first final data FD10 may include information on the first hit signal H10.
- the first final data D10 may include first intensity data.
- the format of the information of the first data D10 included in the first final data FD10 may be the same as or different from the format of the first data D10.
- the first final data FD10 may include information regarding the time when the first data D10 was stored in the first buffer 1561.
- the first final data FD10 may include information regarding the position of the detection element 51 that detected the radiation. In other words, the first final data FD10 may include information regarding the arrival position of the radiation on the radiation detector 50.
- the first buffer 1561, first data processing section 1562, etc. may be configured by the integrated circuit 156.
- Integrated circuit 156 is, for example, an FPGA.
- the first readout circuit 150 may output the data acquisition signal DA10 to the logic circuit 120.
- the data collection signal DA10 is a signal that becomes High when writing to the first buffer 1561 is being performed.
- the VETO signal VS may be input to the processing circuit 124.
- the VETO signal VS is a signal that becomes High when buffer writing is being performed in the anode read circuit 131, cathode read circuit 132, or first read circuit 150.
- the processing circuit 124 may stop outputting the trigger signals TS1 and TS2 when the VETO signal VS is input. That is, the processing circuit 124 may set the trigger signals TS1 and TS2 to a Low state when the VETO signal VS becomes a High state. Thereby, it is possible to suppress input of the trigger signal to the anode read circuit 131, cathode read circuit 132, and first read circuit 150 while the buffer is being written.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of signal processing in the detection device 10.
- FIG. 12 shows the first hit signal H10 of the first data D10.
- the first data D10 is stored in the first buffer during the first storage period BT1.
- FIG. 12 shows the anode hit signal of the 21st data D21 and the cathode hit signal of the 22nd data D22.
- the 21st data D21 and the 22nd data D22 are stored in the second buffer during the second storage period BT2.
- a second hit signal is generated when both the anode hit signal and the cathode hit signal are in a High state.
- the first trigger signal TS1 is generated.
- the first reading circuit 150 transmits the first final data FD10 including the first data D10 to the computer 110.
- the second trigger signal TS2 is generated after the second delay time DT2 has elapsed since the second hit signal was generated.
- the second reading circuit 130 transmits the second final data FD20 including the second data D20 to the computer 110.
- the second final data FD20 includes second final data FD21 including the 21st data D21 and 22nd final data FD22 including the 22nd data D22.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the first final data FD10 and the second final data FD20 that are transmitted to the computer 110.
- the first trigger signal TS1 is not generated while the first data D10 is stored in the first buffer.
- the first trigger signal TS1 is not generated while the first data D10 is stored in the first buffer.
- Such a situation may occur if radiation that is not scattered inside the container 20 reaches the radiation detector 50.
- Such a situation may also occur when radiation that has not passed through the container 20 reaches the radiation detector 50.
- the second to fourth first data D10 from the left are deleted without being sent to the computer 110.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing another example of signal processing.
- the first data D10 which is the first data from the left, is accompanied by the generation of the 21st data D21, but is not accompanied by the generation of the 22nd data D22. Therefore, the first trigger signal TS1 is not generated while the first data D10 is stored in the first buffer.
- Such a situation may occur when the energy of electrons in the electron cloud R3 is low.
- the energy of electrons is low, it is difficult to accurately calculate the trajectory of recoil electrons. Therefore, the usefulness of the first data D10 and the second data D20 when the energy of electrons is low is low.
- the first data D10 which is the first data from the left, is deleted without being sent to the computer 110.
- the computer 110 calculates information regarding radiation and electrons based on the first final data FD10 and the second final data FD20. For example, the computer 110 may calculate the arrival position of the radiation R2, the energy of the radiation R2, the trajectory of the recoil electrons, the energy of the recoil electrons, the position of the scattering point P, and the like. The computer 110 may calculate the direction of incidence of the radiation incident on the container 20 based on this information. Computer 110 may image the location of the source of radiation incident on container 20.
- the first data D10 regarding radiation that does not involve appropriate generation of electrons inside the container 20 is erased without being transmitted to the computer 110. Therefore, the amount of first data D10 transmitted to the computer 110 can be reduced. Thereby, the load on the computer 110 can be reduced. For example, the load required for calculation processing, image processing, etc. of the first data D10 is reduced. For example, the load required to communicate the first data D10 is reduced. This allows the computer 110 to process highly useful data preferentially. Therefore, for example, compared to the conventional computer 110, the direction of incidence of radiation incident on the container 20 can be calculated more quickly. Thereby, for example, when the detection device 10 detects radiation emitted from a radiopharmaceutical in the patient's body, the degree of radiation exposure of the patient can be reduced.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of signal processing in the first modification.
- the first trigger signal TS1 and the second trigger signal TS2 may be generated simultaneously in response to the second hit signal.
- the first delay time DT1 described above may be the same as the second delay time DT2 described above.
- the first trigger signal TS1 is generated while the first data D10 is stored in the first buffer, the first final data FD10 is transmitted to the computer 110.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the second readout circuit 130 and logic circuit 120 in the second modification.
- the anode hit signal H23 and the cathode hit signal H24 may be input to the OR circuit 125.
- the OR circuit 125 processes the 23rd hit signal H23 and the 24th hit signal H24 to generate a second hit signal H20.
- the second hit signal H20 indicates that at least one of the plurality of anode analog signals from the electronic detector 30 exceeds a threshold value, or at least one of the plurality of cathode analog signals from the electronic detector 30 exceeds a threshold value. , indicates a High state.
- the second hit signal H20 indicates a Low state when all of the plurality of anode analog signals are below the threshold value and all of the plurality of cathode analog signals are below the threshold value.
- the processing circuit 124 generates the first trigger signal TS1 when the second hit signal H20 is input.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of signal processing in the second modification.
- the 20th data D20 is generated.
- FIG. 17 shows the second hit signal of the 20th data D20.
- the first trigger signal TS1 is generated.
- the first reading circuit 150 transmits the first final data FD10 including the first data D10 to the computer 110.
- the second trigger signal TS2 is generated.
- the second reading circuit 130 transmits the second final data FD20 including the second data D20 to the computer 110.
- the first data D10 regarding radiation that does not involve the generation of electrons inside the container 20 is erased without being sent to the computer 110. Therefore, the amount of first data D10 transmitted to the computer 110 can be reduced. Thereby, the load on the computer 110 can be reduced. For example, the load required for calculation processing, image processing, etc. of the first data D10 is reduced.
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing an electronic detector 30 in a third modification.
- the electron detector 30 includes a plurality of anode electrodes 31 arranged in a second direction D2 and a third direction D3.
- the electron detector 30 may include one cathode electrode facing the plurality of anode electrodes 31.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the second readout circuit 130 and the logic circuit 120 in the third modification.
- the second readout circuit 130 includes an anode readout circuit 131 but does not include a cathode readout circuit.
- the OR circuit 121 may generate the second hit signal H20.
- the second hit signal H20 indicates a High state when at least one of the plurality of anode analog signals from the electronic detector 30 exceeds a threshold value.
- the second hit signal H20 indicates a Low state when all of the plurality of anode analog signals are below the threshold value.
- An example of signal processing in the third modification is the same as an example of signal processing in the second modification shown in FIG. Also in this modification, the first data D10 regarding radiation that does not involve the generation of electrons inside the container 20 is erased without being sent to the computer 110. Therefore, the amount of first data D10 transmitted to the computer 110 can be reduced. Thereby, the load on the computer 110 can be reduced. For example, the load required for calculation processing, image processing, etc. of the first data D10 is reduced.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a first readout circuit 150, a second readout circuit 130, and a logic circuit 120 in a fourth modification.
- the detection device 10 may include a plurality of first readout circuits 150.
- the number of first readout circuits 150 is determined according to the number of detection elements 51 of radiation detector 50. For example, when the number of detection elements 51 is 64 and the number of analog signals that can be processed by one first readout circuit 150 is 32, the detection device 10 includes two first readout circuits 150.
- the first readout circuit 150 may transmit the eleventh final data FD11 to the computer 110 in response to the input of the first trigger signal TS1.
- the eleventh final data FD11 is part of the first final data FD10.
- the eleventh final data FD11 may include the eleventh hit signal H11.
- the eleventh hit signal H11 indicates a High state when at least one of the plurality of analog signals input to the first readout circuit 150 is in a High state.
- the plurality of eleventh hit signals H11 may be input to the OR circuit 126.
- OR circuit 126 outputs first hit signal H10.
- the logic circuit 120 may include a processing circuit 127 to which the first hit signal H10 is input. Processing circuit 127 outputs sustain signal H12. The sustain signal H12 is in a high state for a first sustain period after the first hit signal H10 is generated.
- the first maintenance period is a period for waiting for electrons generated at a position far from the electron detector 30 to reach the electron detector 30. The first maintenance period may be less than or equal to the maximum travel time TMAX described above.
- the logic circuit 120 may include a processing circuit 128 to which the 23rd hit signal H23, the 24th hit signal H24, and the sustain signal H12 are input.
- the processing circuit 128 generates a second hit signal based on the 23rd hit signal H23 and the 24th hit signal H24.
- the processing circuit 128 may generate the second hit signal when both the anode hit signal H23 and the cathode hit signal H24 are in the High state.
- the processing circuit 128 similarly to the OR circuit 125 of the second modification described above, the processing circuit 128 generates the second hit signal when either the anode hit signal H23 or the cathode hit signal H24 is in the High state. It's okay.
- the processing circuit 128 generates the hit signal H if the sustain signal H12 is in the High state when the second hit signal is generated.
- the hit signal H can be generated when the second hit signal is generated within the first sustain period after the first hit signal H10 is generated.
- the hit signal H is input to the processing circuit 124.
- the processing circuit 124 generates the first trigger signal TS1 when the hit signal H is input.
- the processing circuit 124 may generate the first trigger signal TS1 immediately upon receiving the hit signal H.
- the processing circuit 124 may generate the first trigger signal TS1 after the first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the hit signal H was input.
- the processing circuit 124 may generate the second trigger signal TS2 after the second delay time DT2 has elapsed since the hit signal H was input.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of signal processing in the fourth modification.
- the first readout circuit 150 When the scattered radiation R2 is detected by the radiation detector 50, the first readout circuit 150 generates first data D10.
- FIG. 21 shows the first hit signal H10 of the first data D10.
- the sustain signal H12 is in a high state.
- the first trigger signal TS1 and the second trigger signal TS2 are generated.
- the 21st data D21 and the 22nd data D22 are generated during the first sustain period KT1, and the second hit signal is generated. Therefore, the fourth first data D10 from the left is transmitted to the computer 110. Further, the 21st data D21 and the 22nd data D22, which are the second data from the left, that are generated along with the first data D10, which is the fourth data from the left, are also transmitted to the computer 110.
- the corresponding first data D10 is not generated. Therefore, the second trigger signal TS2 is not generated. Such a situation may occur if electrons not due to Compton scattering are detected by the electron detector 30.
- the 21st data D21 and the 22nd data D22, which are the first from the left, are deleted without being sent to the computer 110.
- the second data D20 such as the 21st data D21 and the 22nd data D22 regarding electrons that are not caused by Compton scattering are erased without being transmitted to the computer 110. Therefore, the amount of second data D20 sent to the computer 110 can be reduced. Thereby, the load on the computer 110 can be reduced. For example, the load required for calculation processing, image processing, etc. of the second data D20 is reduced. For example, the load required to communicate the second data D20 is reduced.
- FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing a detection device 10 in a fifth modification.
- the detection device 10 includes a container 20 and an electronic detector 30 and a drift electrode 40 located inside the container 20.
- the detection device 10 does not need to include a radiation detector.
- At least helium 3 ( 3 He) is contained inside the container 20 .
- Helium-3 is a stable isotope of the normal helium atom ( 4 He).
- the helium-3 nucleus contains two protons and one neutron.
- the container 20 may contain a mixed gas of argon and ethane.
- the detection device 10 is designed to detect neutrons that pass through the first section 21 and enter the inside of the container 20 .
- neutrons entering the container 20 are absorbed by helium 3, protons and tritium ( 3 H) are generated.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing how neutrons enter the inside of the container 20.
- the symbol R4 represents, for example, a neutron generated in an accelerator and flying from an infinite distance.
- the detection device 10 is arranged so that the surface of the first part 21 of the container 20 is perpendicular to the direction of incidence of the neutrons R4.
- the symbol P represents the position where the neutron was absorbed by helium-3. The position P is also called an absorption point.
- the protons and tritium generated at the absorption point P fly in opposite directions.
- an electron cloud is formed of electrons generated by ionizing argon.
- the symbol R31 represents an electron cloud formed on a proton track
- the symbol R32 represents an electron cloud formed on a tritium track.
- the symbol e30 represents an electron located at the end point of the electron cloud R31
- the symbol e40 represents an electron located at the end point of the electron cloud R32.
- Symbols e31 and e32 represent electrons in the electron cloud R31 located between the absorption point P and e30.
- the symbol TL represents the total length of the electron cloud R31 and the length of the electron cloud R32 in the plane direction of the electron detector 30.
- the mass of a proton is 1/3 of the mass of tritium. Therefore, the length of electron cloud R31 is three times the length of electron cloud R32.
- the position of the absorption point P projected onto the surface of the electron detector 30 is calculated as a position displaced by 1/TL in the length direction from the position of the electron e40 projected onto the surface of the electron detector 30.
- the length direction is a direction from the position of the electron e40 projected onto the surface of the electron detector 30 to the position of the electron e30 projected onto the surface of the electron detector 30.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of analog signals W_e30, W_e31, and W_e32.
- the analog signal W_e30 is generated by the electrode that detected the electron e30 of the electron cloud R31.
- the analog signal W_e31 is generated by the electrode that detected the electron e31 of the electron cloud R31.
- the analog signal W_e32 is generated by the electrode that detected the electron e32 of the electron cloud R31.
- the distance from the electron e30 to the electron detector 30 is shorter than the distance from the electron e31 to the electron detector 30.
- the distance from the electron e31 to the electron detector 30 is shorter than the distance from the electron e32 to the electron detector 30. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 24, peaks of analog signals generated by detecting electrons appear in the order of analog signal W_e30, analog signal W_e31, and analog signal W_e32.
- the peak of the analog signal W_e30 caused by the electron e30 is larger than the peak of the analog signal W_e31 caused by the electron e31. Further, the peak of the analog signal W_e31 caused by the electron e31 is larger than the peak of the analog signal W_e32 caused by the electron e32.
- the second readout circuit 130 digitizes each analog signal generated by the electrodes of the electronic detector 30.
- the second readout circuit 130 generates a hit signal indicating a High state when the strength of the analog signal exceeds a threshold value.
- the symbol TH represents a threshold value.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing hit signals H_e30, H_e31, and H_e32 generated from analog signals W_e30, W_e31, and W_e32.
- the further away from the absorption point P the larger the peak of the analog signal becomes, and therefore the TOT becomes longer. Therefore, based on the difference in the TOT of the hit signal depending on the position on the electron detector 30 as shown in FIG. 25, it is possible to identify the electron e30 located at the end point of the electron cloud R31.
- the electron e40 located at the end point of the electron cloud R32 can be identified based on the difference in the TOT of the hit signal depending on the position on the electron detector 30 as shown in FIG. .
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit for digitizing the analog signal of the electronic detector 30 to generate data.
- the detection device 10 includes at least a second readout circuit 130.
- the second readout circuit 130 is capable of communicating with the computer 110.
- the detection device 10 may include a logic circuit 120 connected to a second readout circuit 130.
- the second readout circuit 130 when the electron detector 30 includes a plurality of anode electrodes 31 and a plurality of cathode electrodes 32, the second readout circuit 130 generates a plurality of 21st hit signals H21 and a plurality of 22nd hit signals H22. do.
- the second final data FD20 transmitted from the second reading circuit 130 to the computer 110 may include a plurality of 21st hit signals H21 and a plurality of 22nd hit signals H22.
- the computer 110 may calculate a plurality of anode TOT information and a plurality of cathode TOT information based on a plurality of 21st hit signals H21 and a plurality of 22nd hit signals H22.
- the plurality of anode TOTs is information regarding the TOT of the plurality of 21st hit signals H21.
- the plurality of cathode TOTs is information regarding the TOT of the plurality of 22nd hit signals H22.
- the computer 110 may specify the electron e30 located at the end point of the electron cloud R31 and the electron e40 located at the end point of the electron cloud R32 based on the plurality of anode TOT information and the plurality of cathode TOT information.
- the computer 110 may image the position of incidence of the neutron R4 on the detection device 10 based on the position of the electron e30 and the position of the electron e40. In this way, the combination of detection device 10 and computer 110 can function as a neutron imaging device that images neutrons.
- the 21st hit signal H21 may include information regarding the rise and fall of the anode analog signal. That is, in the 21st hit signal H21, the rising edge and the falling edge of the anode analog signal may be distinguished. Rising means the timing at which the anode analog signal exceeds the threshold, and falling means the timing at which the anode analog signal falls below the threshold.
- the 22nd hit signal H22 may include information regarding the rise and fall of the cathode analog signal. That is, in the 22nd hit signal H22, the rising and falling edges of the cathode analog signal may be distinguished. By using the information regarding the rise and fall, the computer 110 can more accurately calculate the anode TOT information and the cathode TOT information.
- the plurality of anode TOT information and the plurality of cathode TOT information may be calculated in the second readout circuit 130 instead of the computer 110. That is, the second readout circuit 130 may calculate a plurality of anode TOT information and a plurality of cathode TOT information based on a plurality of 21st hit signals H21 and a plurality of 22nd hit signals H22. In this case, the second final data FD20 may include a plurality of anode TOT information and a plurality of cathode TOT information.
- the computer 110 may image the incident position of the neutron R4 on the detection device 10 based on the plurality of anode TOT information and the plurality of cathode TOT information.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an example of signal processing in the detection device 10.
- FIG. 27 shows the anode hit signal of the 21st data D21 and the cathode hit signal of the 22nd data D22.
- the 21st data D21 and the 22nd data D22 are stored in the second buffer during the second storage period BT2.
- a second hit signal is generated when both the anode hit signal and the cathode hit signal are in a High state.
- the second trigger signal TS2 is generated.
- the second reading circuit 130 transmits the second final data FD20 including the second data D20 to the computer 110.
- the second final data FD20 includes second final data FD21 including the 21st data D21 and 22nd final data FD22 including the 22nd data D22.
- the 21st data D21 which is the first data from the left, is not accompanied by the generation of the 22nd data D22. Therefore, the second trigger signal TS2 is not generated while the 21st data D21 is stored in the second buffer.
- the 21st data D21 which is the first data from the left, is deleted without being sent to the computer 110. Such a situation may occur when the energy of the electrons in the electron clouds R31 and R32 is low.
- the second data related to neutrons that are not accompanied by appropriate generation of electrons inside the container 20 are erased without being sent to the computer 110. Therefore, the amount of second data sent to the computer 110 can be reduced. Thereby, the load on the computer 110 can be reduced. For example, the load required for second data calculation processing, image processing, etc. is reduced. For example, the load required for communicating the second data is reduced. This allows the computer 110 to process highly useful data preferentially. Therefore, for example, compared to the conventional computer 110, the incident position of the neutrons incident on the container 20 can be calculated more quickly.
- ⁇ T4 in FIG. 30 represents the time from when radiation is detected by the radiation detector 50 until when electrons are detected by the electron detector 30.
- the time ⁇ T4 may be the difference between the time when the first hit signal H10 rises and the time when the second hit signal H20 rises.
- Time ⁇ T2 is calculated by adding time ⁇ T3 to time ⁇ T4.
- the time ⁇ T2 corresponds to the time required for the electron e2 to travel from the end point of the electron cloud R3 to the electron detector 30.
- the time ⁇ T1 is also calculated in consideration of the time ⁇ T3.
- the time ⁇ T1 corresponds to the time required for the electron e1 to travel from the starting point of the electron cloud R3 to the electron detector 30.
- Computer 110 may identify the position of the electron cloud by considering time ⁇ T2 and time ⁇ T1.
- the computer 110 may specify the coordinates of the electron e1 and the electron e2 in the first direction D1 by considering the time ⁇ T2 and the time ⁇ T1.
- computer 110 may image the electron cloud considering time ⁇ T2 and time ⁇ T1.
- the time ⁇ T3 occurs depending on the radiation detector 50.
- the time ⁇ T3 in the radiation detector 50 including a semiconductor detection element may be longer than the time ⁇ T3 in the radiation detector 50 including a scintillator.
- the computer 110 may obtain information regarding the time ⁇ T3 from the radiation detector 50.
- the radiation detector 50 may transmit a signal in which information including the time ⁇ T3 is digitized to the computer 110.
- Computer 110 may calculate information regarding time ⁇ T3 based on the analog signal of radiation detector 50.
- the radiation detector 50 includes a semiconductor detection element, there may be some relationship between the time ⁇ T3 and the intensity of the analog signal.
- the semiconductor detection element includes a cathode electrode and an anode electrode. After the radiation R2 passes through the cathode electrode, electrons are generated at a position between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. When the energy of the radiation R2 is small, electrons are generated at a position far from the anode electrode. In this case, the distance the electrons travel until reaching the anode electrode is long, so the time ⁇ T3 becomes long. Furthermore, since the energy of the radiation R2 is small, the intensity of the analog signal is also small.
- the time ⁇ T3 becomes short. Furthermore, since the energy of the radiation R2 is large, the intensity of the analog signal is also large. The time ⁇ T3 can be calculated based on the strength of the analog signal.
- FIGS. 12, 14, 17, and 21 show examples in which the first trigger signal TS1 is generated when the second hit signal is generated.
- FIG. 15 shows an example in which the first trigger signal TS1 is generated after the first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the second hit signal was generated.
- the first trigger signal TS1 is generated using the signal from the radiation detector 40 as a starting point.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing signal processing in the seventh modification.
- the first trigger signal TS1 may be generated after a first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the first hit signal H10 of the first data was generated.
- the first delay time DT1 may be the same as the maximum travel time TMAX described above.
- the first delay time DT1 may be approximately the same as the maximum travel time TMAX described above. “Substantially the same” means that the first delay time DT1 is greater than or equal to 0.90 times and less than or equal to 1.00 times the maximum travel time TMAX.
- the first delay time DT1 may be greater than or equal to 0.45 times and less than or equal to 1.00 times the maximum travel time TMAX.
- the first trigger signal TS1 is generated after the first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the first hit signal H10 was generated, and that the second hit H20 is generated during the first delay time DT1. may be generated only if In other words, if the second hit H20 is not generated during the first delay time DT1, the first trigger signal TS1 is generated after the first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the first hit signal H10 was generated. It doesn't have to be done.
- the second trigger signal TS2 may also be generated after the first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the first hit signal H10 was generated.
- the second trigger signal TS2 is generated after the first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the first hit signal H10 was generated, and it is confirmed that the second hit H20 is generated during the first delay time DT1. may be generated only if In other words, if the second hit H20 is not generated during the first delay time DT1, the second trigger signal TS2 is generated after the first delay time DT1 has elapsed since the first hit signal H10 was generated. It doesn't have to be done.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for calculating time ⁇ T2.
- a time ⁇ T5 is calculated.
- the time ⁇ T5 is the difference between the time when the second hit H20 rises and the time when the first trigger signal TS rises.
- the time ⁇ T2 is calculated by subtracting the time ⁇ T5 from the sum of the time ⁇ T3 and the first delay time DT1.
- generating a hit signal may mean “setting the hit signal in a High state.”
- generating a trigger signal may mean “setting the trigger signal to a High state.” Note that when the circuit of the detection device 10 performs some operation in response to input of a signal in the Low state, "generating a signal that generates a hit signal” does not mean “setting the hit signal in a Low state”. It may mean something. Similarly, “generating a signal that generates a trigger signal” may mean “setting the trigger signal to a Low state.”
- Object 10 Detection device 20 Container 30 Electron detector 31 Anode electrode 32 Cathode electrode 35 Base material 351 First surface 352 Second surface 40 Drift electrode 45 Drift cage 50 Radiation detector 51 Detection element 52 Circuit board 60 Electronic amplifier 70 Auxiliary Drift electrode 110 Computer 120 Logic circuit 130 Second readout circuit 131 Anode readout circuit 132 Cathode readout circuit 136 First integrated circuit 137 AD converter 138 Second integrated circuit 1381 21st buffer 1382 22nd buffer 1383 2nd data processing section 150 1st Readout circuit 156 Integrated circuit 1561 First buffer 1562 First data processing section
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Abstract
Description
[1] 電子を検出する検出装置であって、
ガスが収容されている容器と、
前記容器の内部に位置し、前記容器内で形成された電子雲の電子を検出してアナログ信号を生成する電子検出器と、
前記電子検出器に対向するドリフト電極と、
前記電子検出器によって生成された前記アナログ信号をデジタル化して第2データを生成する第2読出回路と、
前記第2読出回路と通信可能なコンピュータと、を備え、
前記第2読出回路は、前記第2データが格納される第2バッファを含み、
前記第2読出回路は、前記第2バッファに格納されている前記第2データを含む第2最終データを、第2トリガー信号に応じて前記コンピュータへ送信する、検出装置。
[1]~[15]のいずれか1つに記載の検出装置と、
前記検出装置が送信した前記第1最終データ及び前記第2最終データを受信するコンピュータと、を備え、
前記コンピュータは、第1最終データ及び第2最終データに基づいて、放射線の前記検出装置への入射方向を算出する、放射線特定装置。
[1]~[15]のいずれか1つに記載の検出装置と、
前記検出装置が送信した前記第1最終データ及び前記第2最終データを受信するコンピュータと、を備え、
前記コンピュータは、第1最終データ及び第2最終データに基づいて、放射線を放出する線源の位置を画像化する、放射線特定装置。
[14]又は[15]に記載の検出装置と、
前記検出装置が送信した前記第2最終データを受信するコンピュータと、を備え、
前記コンピュータは、前記第2最終データに基づいて、中性子の前記検出装置への入射位置を画像化する、中性子画像化装置。
検出装置10は、容器20と、容器20の内部に位置する電子検出器30及びドリフト電極40と、放射線検出器50と、を備える。容器20は、例えばチャンバーである。容器20の内部には、アルゴンやキセノンなどの希ガスが少なくとも収容されている。容器20の内部には、希ガスに加えて、二酸化炭素やメタンなどの消光作用を有するクエンチングガスが収容されていてもよい。
例えば、検出素子51は、散乱された放射線によって励起されて蛍光を発するシンチレータと、蛍光を検出する光検出器と、を含んでいてもよい。光検出器は、例えばアバランシェフォトダイオードを含んでいてもよい。
検出素子51は、前記散乱された放射線を検出する半導体検出素子を含んでいてもよい。半導体検出素子は、例えば、テルル化亜鉛カドミウムを含む半導体を備えていてもよい。
(条件1)
ドリフト長:40cm、電場強度:400V/cm、
ガスの種類:アルゴン及びエタンを含む混合ガス、ガスの圧力:1気圧
(条件2)
ドリフト長:60cm、電場強度:600V/cm、
ガスの種類:四フッ化メタン、ガスの圧力:3気圧
SPECTとは、単一光子放射型コンピュータ断層撮影法(Single Photon Emission CT)である。BNCTとは、ホウ素中性子捕捉療法(Boron Neutron Capture Therapy)である。PETとは、ポジトロン断層法(Positron Emission Tomography)である。
図15は、第1の変形例における信号処理の一例を示す図である。図15に示すように、第1トリガー信号TS1及び第2トリガー信号TS2は、第2ヒット信号に応じて同時に生成されてもよい。例えば、上述の第1遅延時間DT1が、上述の第2遅延時間DT2と同一であってもよい。
図16は、第2の変形例における第2読出回路130及び論理回路120を示す図である。図16に示すように、アノードヒット信号H23及びカソードヒット信号H24は、OR回路125に入力されてもよい。OR回路125は、第23ヒット信号H23及び第24ヒット信号H24を処理して第2ヒット信号H20を生成する。第2ヒット信号H20は、電子検出器30からの複数のアノードアナログ信号の少なくとも1つが閾値を超えているか、又は、電子検出器30からの複数のカソードアナログ信号の少なくとも1つが閾値を超えているとき、High状態を示す。第2ヒット信号H20は、複数のアノードアナログ信号の全てが閾値以下であり、且つ、複数のカソードアナログ信号の全てが閾値以下であるとき、Low状態を示す。処理回路124は、第2ヒット信号H20が入力されると、第1トリガー信号TS1を生成する。
図18は、第3の変形例における電子検出器30を示す斜視図である。図18に示すように、電子検出器30は、第2方向D2及び第3方向D3に並ぶ複数のアノード電極31を含む。電子検出器30は、複数のアノード電極31に対向する1つのカソード電極を含んでいてもよい。
本変形例においては、第1ヒット信号及び第2ヒット信号の両方に基づいて第1トリガー信号TS1及び第2トリガー信号TS2が生成される。図20は、第4の変形例における第1読出回路150、第2読出回路130及び論理回路120を示す図である。
図22は、第5の変形例における検出装置10を示す断面図である。検出装置10は、容器20と、容器20の内部に位置する電子検出器30及びドリフト電極40と、を備える。検出装置10は、放射線検出器を備えていなくてもよい。容器20の内部には、ヘリウム3(3He)が少なくとも収容されている。ヘリウム3は、通常のヘリウム原子(4He)の安定同位体である。ヘリウム3の原子核は、2個の陽子及び1個の中性子を含む。容器20の内部には、ヘリウム3に加えて、アルゴン及びエタンの混合ガスなどが収容されていてもよい。
上述の実施の形態においては、図7に示されるように、放射線検出器50のアナログ信号が、時刻t0に生成されると仮定した場合の計算方法を説明した。本変形例においては、図30に示すように、時刻t0から時間ΔT3の後、放射線検出器50のアナログ信号が生成される例を説明する。時間ΔT3は、第1ヒット信号H10が立ち上がる時刻と、時刻t0との差であってもよい。第1ヒット信号H10は、放射線検出器50のアナログ信号をデジタル化することによって得られる。時間ΔT3は、検出遅延時間とも称される。
上述の実施の形態においては、電子検出器30からの信号を起点として第1トリガー信号TS1が生成される例を示した。例えば図12、14、17、21においては、第2ヒット信号が生成されたときに第1トリガー信号TS1が生成される例を示した。例えば図15においては、第2ヒット信号が生成されてから第1遅延時間DT1が経過した後に第1トリガー信号TS1が生成される例を示した。本変形例においては、放射線検出器40からの信号を起点として第1トリガー信号TS1が生成される例を説明する。
上述の実施の形態及び各変形例のように、「ヒット信号を生成する」とは、「ヒット信号をHigh状態にする」ことを意味していてもよい。同様に、「トリガー信号を生成する」とは、「トリガー信号をHigh状態にする」ことを意味していてもよい。なお、検出装置10の回路が、Low状態の信号を入力されることによって何らかの動作を行う場合、「ヒット信号を生成する信号を生成する」とは、「ヒット信号をLow状態にする」ことを意味していてもよい。同様に、「トリガー信号を生成する信号を生成する」とは、「トリガー信号をLow状態にする」ことを意味していてもよい。
10 検出装置
20 容器
30 電子検出器
31 アノード電極
32 カソード電極
35 基材
351 第1面
352 第2面
40 ドリフト電極
45 ドリフトケージ
50 放射線検出器
51 検出素子
52 回路基板
60 電子増幅器
70 補助ドリフト電極
110 コンピュータ
120 論理回路
130 第2読出回路
131 アノード読出回路
132 カソード読出回路
136 第1集積回路
137 ADコンバータ
138 第2集積回路
1381 第21バッファ
1382 第22バッファ
1383 第2データ処理部
150 第1読出回路
156 集積回路
1561 第1バッファ
1562 第1データ処理部
Claims (19)
- 電子を検出する検出装置であって、
ガスが収容されている容器と、
前記容器の内部に位置し、前記容器内で形成された電子雲の電子を検出してアナログ信号を生成する電子検出器と、
前記電子検出器に対向するドリフト電極と、
前記電子検出器によって生成された前記アナログ信号をデジタル化して第2データを生成する第2読出回路と、を備え、
前記第2読出回路は、前記第2データが格納される第2バッファを含み、
前記第2読出回路は、前記第2バッファに格納されている前記第2データを含む第2最終データを、第2トリガー信号に応じて外部のコンピュータへ送信する、検出装置。 - 前記検出装置は、前記第2読出回路に接続された論理回路を備え、
前記第2読出回路は、前記電子検出器の前記アナログ信号の強度が閾値を超えたときに第2ヒット信号を生成し、
前記論理回路は、前記電子検出器において前記第2ヒット信号が生成されてから第2遅延時間が経過した後、前記第2トリガー信号を生成する、請求項1に記載の検出装置。 - 前記検出装置は、前記第2読出回路に接続された論理回路を備え、
前記電子検出器は、複数のアノード電極及び複数のカソード電極を含み、
前記電子検出器の前記アナログ信号は、前記複数のアノード電極によって生成されるアノードアナログ信号と、前記複数のカソード電極によって生成されるカソードアナログ信号と、を含み、
前記第2読出回路は、前記アノードアナログ信号の強度が閾値を超えたときにアノードヒット信号を生成し、前記カソードアナログ信号の強度が閾値を超えたときにカソードヒット信号を生成し、
前記論理回路は、前記アノードヒット信号及び前記カソードヒット信号の両方の生成に応じて、前記第2トリガー信号を生成する、請求項1に記載の検出装置。 - 前記検出装置は、前記第2読出回路に接続された論理回路を備え、
前記論理回路は、前記アノードヒット信号及び前記カソードヒット信号が生成されてから第2遅延時間が経過した後、前記第2トリガー信号を生成する、請求項3に記載の検出装置。 - 前記第2遅延時間は、最大移動時間以下であり、
前記最大移動時間は、電子が前記ドリフト電極から前記電子検出器まで移動することに要する時間である、請求項2又は4に記載の検出装置。 - 前記第2読出回路の前記第2バッファは、第2格納期間の間、前記第2データを格納し、
前記第2格納期間は、前記第2遅延時間以上である、請求項2又は4に記載の検出装置。 - 前記第2最終データは、前記電子検出器によって生成された前記アナログ信号の強度に関する情報を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出装置。
- 前記第2読出回路は、前記電子検出器によって生成された前記アナログ信号の強度に関する情報を、50MHz以下のサンプリング周波数で取得する、請求項7に記載の検出装置。
- 前記第2読出回路は、前記電子検出器によって生成された前記アナログ信号の強度に関する情報を、10MHz以上20MHz以下のサンプリング周波数で取得する、請求項7に記載の検出装置。
- 前記第2最終データは、前記第2データが前記第2バッファに格納された時刻に関する情報を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出装置。
- 前記第2最終データは、前記電子検出器上における電子の到達位置に関する情報を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出装置。
- 前記電子雲は、コンプトン散乱によって発生した反跳電子の飛跡に形成され、
前記検出装置は、前記コンプトン散乱によって散乱された放射線を検出してアナログ信号を生成する放射線検出器と、前記放射線検出器によって生成された前記アナログ信号をデジタル化して第1データを生成し、前記第1データを含む第1最終データを外部のコンピュータへ送信する第1読出回路と、を備える、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出装置。 - 前記電子雲は、中性子の核反応によって発生した三重水素及び陽子の飛跡に形成される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出装置。
- 前記電子検出器は、複数のアノード電極及び複数のカソード電極を含み、
前記電子検出器の前記アナログ信号は、前記複数のアノード電極によって生成される複数のアノードアナログ信号と、前記複数のカソード電極によって生成される複数のカソードアナログ信号と、を含み、
前記第2読出回路は、前記アノードアナログ信号の強度が閾値を超えたときに、信号の立上り/立下りの区別がされたアノードヒット信号を生成し、前記カソードアナログ信号の強度が閾値を超えたときに、信号の立上り/立下りの区別がされたカソードヒット信号を生成し、
前記第2最終データは、前記複数のアノード電極に対応する複数の前記アノードヒット信号、及び前記複数のカソード電極に対応する複数の前記カソードヒット信号を含む、請求項13に記載の検出装置。 - 前記電子検出器は、複数のアノード電極及び複数のカソード電極を含み、
前記電子検出器の前記アナログ信号は、前記複数のアノード電極によって生成される複数のアノードアナログ信号と、前記複数のカソード電極によって生成される複数のカソードアナログ信号と、を含み、
前記第2読出回路は、前記アノードアナログ信号の強度が閾値を超えたときにアノードヒット信号を生成し、前記カソードアナログ信号の強度が閾値を超えたときにカソードヒット信号を生成し、
前記第2最終データは、前記複数のアノード電極に関する複数のアノードTOT情報、及び前記複数のカソード電極に関する複数のカソードTOT情報を含み、
各アノードTOT情報は、各アノードヒット信号が生成されている期間に関する情報であり、
各カソードTOT情報は、各カソードヒット信号が生成されている期間に関する情報である、請求項13に記載の検出装置。 - 請求項12に記載の検出装置と、
前記検出装置が送信した前記第1最終データ及び前記第2最終データを受信するコンピュータと、を備え、
前記コンピュータは、前記第1最終データ及び前記第2最終データに基づいて、放射線の前記検出装置への入射方向を算出する、放射線特定装置。 - 請求項12に記載の検出装置と、
前記検出装置が送信した前記第1最終データ及び前記第2最終データを受信するコンピュータと、を備え、
前記コンピュータは、前記第1最終データ及び前記第2最終データに基づいて、放射線を放出する線源の位置を画像化する、放射線特定装置。 - 請求項14に記載の検出装置と、
前記検出装置が送信した前記第2最終データを受信するコンピュータと、を備え、
前記コンピュータは、前記第2最終データに基づいて、中性子の前記検出装置への入射位置を画像化する、中性子画像化装置。 - 請求項15に記載の検出装置と、
前記検出装置が送信した前記第2最終データを受信するコンピュータと、を備え、
前記コンピュータは、前記第2最終データに基づいて、中性子の前記検出装置への入射位置を画像化する、中性子画像化装置。
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