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WO2024045692A1 - 电池模组、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池模组、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024045692A1
WO2024045692A1 PCT/CN2023/094221 CN2023094221W WO2024045692A1 WO 2024045692 A1 WO2024045692 A1 WO 2024045692A1 CN 2023094221 W CN2023094221 W CN 2023094221W WO 2024045692 A1 WO2024045692 A1 WO 2024045692A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery module
battery cells
module according
component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/094221
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨康康
Original Assignee
江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司, 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024045692A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024045692A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/588—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries outside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of terminals or busbars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery module, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc. Batteries may include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, etc.
  • this application provides a battery module, battery and electrical device that can limit the deformation of the battery cell and improve the safety of the battery cell operation process.
  • this application provides a battery module including:
  • Battery cells multiple battery cells are arranged in sequence along their own thickness direction;
  • connection component has both ends extending along the thickness direction of the battery cells respectively.
  • the connection component is provided at one end of the plurality of battery cells in the height direction, and the two ends of the connection component are respectively connected to the casing;
  • an accommodation space is formed between the casing and the connecting component to limit the deformation of the battery cells.
  • multiple battery cells are provided in the battery module, which effectively expands the capacity of the battery module and expands the application range of the battery module. Moreover, by arranging connecting components in the casing, the deformation of the battery cells is limited and the safety of the battery module operation is improved.
  • the housing includes end plates provided at both ends of the plurality of battery cells in the thickness direction, and a bottom plate provided at one end of the battery cells in the height direction.
  • the two ends of the connecting member are respectively connected to the two end plates.
  • the components are positioned relative to the base plate.
  • the battery module includes a plurality of battery groups, each battery group includes a plurality of battery cells arranged in sequence along its own thickness direction, and the plurality of battery groups are arranged in sequence along the width direction of the battery cells.
  • the battery module also includes at least one partition plate disposed between two adjacent battery groups, and the two ends of the partition plate are respectively connected to the two end plates.
  • the housing further includes side plates provided at both ends of the battery cell in the width direction, The side plates and end plates are connected end to end in sequence.
  • side plates are provided to enhance the width-direction limit to further improve stability.
  • the connecting components and partitions are arranged in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the above structure can superimpose the connection force between the connecting component and the separator, improve the stability of the connection between the separator and the end plate, and limit the deformation of the battery cells.
  • the plurality of battery packs are equal in thickness.
  • the above-mentioned structure can ensure that the forces on both sides of the partition are balanced, ensure the structural integrity of the entire housing, and further improve the safety performance of the battery module.
  • the number of battery packs is two, and the number of battery cells in the two battery packs is equal.
  • the two battery packs are arranged symmetrically to improve the regularity of the overall structure of the battery module and ensure the convenience of installation of connecting components.
  • the end plate is provided with a connecting groove, and the end of the partition extends into the connecting groove and is connected with the end plate.
  • the separator plate and the end plate are welded together. Welded connection, high connection strength and strong stability.
  • the orthographic projection of the connection assembly on the base plate is at least partially coincident with the orthographic projection of the partition on the base plate.
  • the battery cells are provided with electrode terminals protruding along the height direction of the battery cells, and the connecting component is disposed between the two electrode terminals of two adjacent battery cells.
  • the thickness of the connecting component is smaller than the protruding electrode terminals. size of.
  • the connecting component is arranged in the gap between the two electrode terminals, taking up no additional space and ensuring the volumetric energy density of the battery cell.
  • the end of the connecting component is bent toward the bottom plate to form a connecting portion, and the connecting portion is connected to the end plate.
  • the connecting portion is connected to a side of the end plate facing away from the battery cell.
  • connection part and the end plate are connected by welding or riveting. Welded or riveted, the structure is simple and easy to implement.
  • the battery module further includes a bus component.
  • the bus component is located at an end of the battery cell away from the bottom plate in the height direction.
  • the bus component is electrically connected to a plurality of battery cells respectively.
  • the connection component is located on the bus component toward the battery. One side of the monomer.
  • connection component includes a connection bar and an insulating layer disposed around the periphery of the connection bar.
  • the connecting strip is made of metal material.
  • the connecting strips are made of metal materials to ensure the strength of the connection.
  • the extension length of the connection component in the height direction of the battery cell ranges from 0.5 mm to 2 mm
  • the extension length of the connection component in the width direction of the battery cell ranges from 20 mm to 40 mm.
  • this application also provides a battery, including the battery module in the above embodiment.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell in a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the end plate of the battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a battery module provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • attachment should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a casing for enclosing one or more battery cells. The casing prevents liquids or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode unit and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode unit includes at least one electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator.
  • Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode plate includes the positive electrode current collector and Positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode protrusion protruding from the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode current collector is coated with the positive electrode active material layer , at least part of the positive electrode convex part is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode convex part serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the cathode current collector can be aluminum, and the cathode active material layer includes cathode active materials.
  • the cathode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collecting part and a negative electrode convex part protruding from the negative electrode current collecting part, and the negative electrode current collecting part
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the negative electrode active material layer, and at least part of the negative electrode protruding part is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode protruding part serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles 1, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include Stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools and railway power tools, such as , electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of this application impose no special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4.
  • the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to provide power to the motor 4, for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery 2 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a box 5 and a battery module 40 .
  • a plurality of battery cells form the battery module 40 , and the battery module 40 is accommodated in the box 5 .
  • the box 5 is used to accommodate battery cells, and the box 5 can be of various structures.
  • the box 5 may include a first part 51 and a second part 52.
  • the first part 51 and the second part 52 cover each other.
  • the first part 51 and the second part 52 jointly define a space for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second part 52 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 51 is a plate-like structure, and the first part 51 is covered with the open side of the second part 52 to form a box 5 with a receiving space 53;
  • the first part 51 and the Both parts 52 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 51 is covered with the open side of the second part 52 to form a box 5 with a receiving space 53 .
  • the first part 51 and the second part 52 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • a sealing member such as sealant, sealing ring, etc., may also be provided between the first part 51 and the second part 52 .
  • the first part 51 can also be called the upper box cover, and the second part 52 can also be called the lower box body.
  • the battery 2 there may be one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series or parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells can be accommodated in the box 5; of course, multiple battery cells can also be connected in series or parallel first or A battery module 40 is formed by a mixed connection, and multiple battery modules 40 are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 5 .
  • FIG 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell in a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • there are multiple battery cells 7 and the plurality of battery cells 7 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 40 .
  • Multiple battery modules 40 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 40 can be electrically connected through bus components to realize parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 40 .
  • the battery cell 7 in the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode unit 10, a casing 20 and an end cap assembly 30.
  • the housing 20 has an opening 21 , the electrode unit 10 is accommodated in the housing 20 , and the end cover assembly 30 is used to connect the housing 20 and cover the opening 21 .
  • the electrode unit 10 includes at least one electrode assembly 11 .
  • the electrode unit 10 in FIG. 3 includes two electrode assemblies 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 11 includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 11 may be a rolled electrode assembly, a laminated electrode assembly, or other forms of electrode assembly.
  • electrode assembly 11 is a rolled electrode assembly.
  • the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece and the separator are all in strip structure.
  • the positive electrode piece, the separator and the negative electrode piece can be stacked in sequence and wound more than two times to form the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 11 is a stacked electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly 11 includes a plurality of positive electrode pieces and a plurality of negative electrode pieces.
  • the positive electrode pieces and the negative electrode pieces are alternately stacked, and the stacking direction is parallel to the thickness direction of the positive electrode piece and the thickness direction of the negative electrode piece.
  • the electrode unit 10 includes at least one electrode assembly 11 . That is, in the battery cell 7 , there may be one electrode assembly 11 accommodated in the casing 20 , or there may be multiple electrode assemblies 11 .
  • the housing 20 is a hollow structure with one side open.
  • the end cap assembly 30 covers the opening of the housing 20 and forms a sealed connection to form a receiving cavity for receiving the electrode unit 10 and the electrolyte.
  • the housing 20 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the shape of the housing 20 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode unit 10 . For example, if the electrode unit 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be selected; if the electrode unit 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected.
  • the end cap assembly 30 can also have various structures, such as a plate-like structure or a hollow structure with one end open, etc.
  • the housing 20 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the end cover assembly 30 has a plate-like structure. The end cover assembly 30 covers the opening at the top of the housing 20 .
  • End cap assembly 30 also includes electrode terminals 25 .
  • electrode terminals 25 are provided, and the two electrode terminals 25 are respectively defined as a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are respectively used to electrically connect with the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab of the electrode assembly 11 to output the current generated by the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the end cover assembly 30 also includes a pressure relief mechanism 24, which is used to relieve the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 7 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 7 reaches a predetermined value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 is located between the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 may be a component such as an explosion-proof valve, explosion-proof disk, air valve, pressure relief valve or safety valve.
  • the housing 20 may also be a hollow structure with openings on opposite sides.
  • the end cover assembly 30 includes two end cover assemblies 30 .
  • the two end cover assemblies 30 respectively cover the two openings of the housing 20 and are connected in a sealing manner to form an accommodation cavity for accommodating the electrode unit 10 and the electrolyte.
  • the positive and negative electrode terminals may be mounted on the same end cap assembly 30 . In other examples, the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are mounted on the two end cap assemblies 30 respectively.
  • a battery module in order to ensure the structural stability of the battery module as much as possible, multiple battery cells are usually stacked in sequence along the thickness direction.
  • the electrode pole pieces will expand along the thickness direction.
  • the electrode plates in the battery cells are usually stacked along the thickness direction. Therefore, the deformation in the thickness direction of the battery cell is the largest. According to experimental tests, the deformation of the battery module under high temperature conditions can reach 5mm to 10mm in the thickness direction of the battery cell. Of course, some deformation will also occur in the width direction of the battery cell, but the amount of deformation is smaller than the deformation in the thickness direction of the battery cell.
  • the multiple battery cells When multiple battery cells are arranged along the thickness direction, the multiple battery cells expand along the thickness direction at the same time, and the superposition of their deformations will cause the casing of the battery module to deform or even break. The battery cells lose their restraints, causing safety accidents.
  • the battery module includes a connecting component, and the connecting component is arranged in the height direction of multiple battery cells.
  • One end of the connecting component is connected to the housing of the battery module respectively, and an accommodation space is formed between the housing and the connecting component to limit the deformation of the battery cells.
  • multiple battery cells are provided in the battery module, and by connecting the battery cells in series or parallel, the capacity of the battery module is effectively expanded and the application scope of the battery module is expanded. . Moreover, by arranging connecting components in the casing, the deformation of the battery cells is limited and the safety of the battery module operation is improved.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module 40 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a structural diagram of a battery module 40 provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Schematic diagram is a schematic partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the end plate of the battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the battery module 40 provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery module 40 , including: a battery cell 7 , a case 8 and a connecting component 9 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 are arranged in sequence along the thickness direction X of the battery cells 7 .
  • the housing 8 is used to accommodate the battery cells 7 .
  • Both ends of the connection component 9 respectively extend along the thickness direction Among them, an accommodation space is formed between the housing 8 and the connecting component 9 to limit the deformation of the battery cells 7 .
  • the housing 8 can be formed by a plurality of side plates 803 and a bottom plate 802, or it can be an integral housing structure with openings.
  • the connecting component 9 can be disposed on the opening of the housing 8 .
  • the housing 8 can be made of material with a certain strength, such as metal materials.
  • the inner wall of the housing 8 can be configured to fit the battery cells 7 to form a certain constraint on the battery cells 7 .
  • the connecting component 9 is usually a strip structure, and the connecting component 9 itself has a certain tensile strength, resists the deformation of the battery cell 7 in the thickness direction X, and forms a certain constraint on the battery cell 7 . Moreover, the volume of the connecting component 9 cannot be too large to ensure the energy density of the battery module 40 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 7 are provided in the battery module 40, and by connecting the battery cells 7 in series or in parallel, the capacity of the battery module 40 is effectively expanded, and the battery module is expanded.
  • Application scope of group 40 Furthermore, by arranging the connection component 9 in the housing 8 , the deformation of the battery cell 7 is limited and the safety of the operation process of the battery module 40 is improved.
  • the housing 8 includes a thickness configured for a plurality of battery cells 7
  • the end plates 801 at both ends in the direction
  • a limiting structure connected end to end is formed to limit the deformation in the thickness direction X of the battery cell 7.
  • the battery module 40 includes multiple battery packs, and each battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells 7 arranged in sequence along its thickness direction X.
  • the battery packs are arranged sequentially along the width direction Y of the battery cells 7.
  • the battery module 40 also includes at least one partition 804 disposed between two adjacent battery groups. The two ends of the partition 804 are respectively connected to the two ends. Board 801.
  • multiple battery packs are provided in each battery module 40, and multiple battery cells 7 can be arranged along the width direction Y, thereby improving the regularity of the battery module 40, and connecting adjacent battery packs.
  • the partitions 804 are arranged between them to ensure the orderly arrangement of the battery packs in the width direction Y.
  • the housing 8 also includes side plates 803 provided at both ends of the battery cell 7 in the width direction Y.
  • the side plates 803 and the end plates 801 are connected end to end in sequence.
  • the side plate 803 is provided to enhance the limit in the width direction Y and further improve the stability.
  • the number of partitions 804 is multiple, and the number of connection components 9 is multiple.
  • the connection components 9 and partitions 804 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence. The above structure can superimpose the connection between the connecting component 9 and the separator 804, improve the stability of the connection between the separator 804 and the end plate 801, and limit the deformation of the battery cell 7.
  • the thicknesses of the plurality of battery packs are equal.
  • the number of battery packs can also be set to multiple, for example, 3 or 5 battery packs arranged along the width direction Y.
  • the above structure can ensure that the forces on both sides of the partition 804 are balanced, ensure the structural integrity of the entire housing 8, and further improve the safety performance of the battery module 40.
  • the number of battery groups is two, and the number of battery cells 7 in the two battery groups is equal.
  • the two battery packs are arranged symmetrically to improve the regularity of the overall structure of the battery module 40 and ensure the convenience of installation of the connecting component 9 .
  • the end plate 801 is provided with a connecting groove 805, and the end of the partition plate 804 extends into the connecting groove 805 and is connected with the end plate 801.
  • the connecting groove 805 By providing the connecting groove 805, the end of the partition 804 is fixed, and the structure is simple and easy to install.
  • the partition plate 804 and the end plate 801 are welded together. Welded connection, high connection strength and strong stability.
  • the orthographic projection of the connection assembly 9 on the bottom plate 802 at least partially coincides with the orthographic projection of the partition 804 on the bottom plate 802 .
  • the above structure limits the deformation of the battery cell 7 through the connecting component 9, ensuring the stability and strength of the connection between the separator 804 and the end plate 801.
  • the battery cell 7 is provided with electrode terminals 25 protruding along its height direction Z, and the connecting component 9 is provided between the two electrode terminals 25 of two adjacent battery cells 7,
  • the thickness of the connection component 9 is smaller than the protruding size of the electrode terminal 25 .
  • the connecting component 9 is disposed in the gap between the two electrode terminals 25, which does not occupy additional space and ensures the volume energy density of the battery cell 7.
  • the end of the connecting component 9 is bent toward the bottom plate 802 to form a connecting portion 901 , and the connecting portion 901 is connected to the end plate 801 .
  • the connecting portion 901 by providing the connecting portion 901, the stability of the connection between the connecting component 9 and the end plate 801 is enhanced.
  • the connecting portion 901 is connected to a side of the end plate 801 facing away from the battery cell 7 .
  • the above structure improves the strength of the connection between the connecting component 9 and the end plate 801.
  • connection part 901 and the end plate 801 are connected by welding or riveting. Welded or riveted, the structure is simple and easy to implement. As shown in Figure 7, connection component 9 The connecting portion 901 is provided with a connecting hole, and the end plate 801 is provided with a recessed fixing hole. The rivets 902 pass through the connecting holes and extend into the fixing holes to connect the connecting component 9 and the end plate 801 .
  • the above-mentioned structural method has stable connection and high strength.
  • the battery module 40 also includes a bus component (not shown).
  • the bus component is provided at an end of the battery cell 7 away from the bottom plate 802 in the height direction Z.
  • the bus component is connected to a plurality of battery cells respectively.
  • the body 7 is electrically connected, and the connection component 9 is provided on the side of the bus part facing the battery cell 7 .
  • connection component 9 includes a connection bar and an insulating layer disposed around the periphery of the connection bar. By providing an insulating layer, the current of the bus component is prevented from flowing to the end plate 801 through the connection component 9, thereby improving the safety of the battery module 40.
  • the connecting strip is made of metal material.
  • the connecting strips are made of metal materials to ensure the strength of the connection.
  • the steel strip material can be stainless steel, spring steel or 65Mn.
  • the extension length of the connecting component 9 in the height direction Z of the battery cell 7 ranges from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, and the extension length of the connecting component 9 in the width direction Y of the battery cell 7 The value range of length: 20mm ⁇ 40mm.
  • the battery module 40 includes a battery cell 7 , a housing 8 and a connecting component 9 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 are arranged in sequence along the thickness direction X of the battery cells 7 .
  • the housing 8 is used to accommodate the battery cells 7 .
  • Both ends of the connecting component 9 extend along the thickness direction X of the battery cells 7 respectively, and the connecting component 9 is provided in the height direction Z of the plurality of battery cells 7
  • One end on the top, and both ends of the connecting component 9 are respectively connected to the housing 8; wherein, an accommodation space is formed between the housing 8 and the connecting component 9 to limit the deformation of the battery cell 7.
  • the housing 8 includes end plates 801 provided at both ends of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the thickness direction , the connection component 9 is arranged opposite to the base plate 802.
  • the battery module 40 includes a plurality of battery groups. Each battery group includes a plurality of battery cells 7 arranged in sequence along its own thickness direction X. The plurality of battery groups are sequentially arranged along the width direction Y of the battery cells 7.
  • the battery module 40 also includes at least one separator 804 disposed between two adjacent battery groups, and the two ends of the separator 804 are connected to the two end plates 801 respectively.
  • the housing 8 also includes side plates 803 located at both ends of the battery cell 7 in the width direction Y. The side plates 803 and the end plates 801 are connected end to end in sequence.
  • the number of battery packs is two, and the number of battery cells 7 in the two battery packs is equal.
  • the end plate 801 is provided with a connecting groove 805, and the end of the partition plate 804 extends into the connecting groove 805 and is connected to the end plate 801.
  • the partition plate 804 and the end plate 801 are connected by welding.
  • the orthographic projection of the connection assembly 9 on the bottom plate 802 and the orthographic projection of the partition 804 on the bottom plate 802 at least partially coincide.
  • the battery cell 7 is provided with electrode terminals 25 protruding along its own height direction Z.
  • the connecting component 9 is disposed between the two electrode terminals 25 of two adjacent battery cells 7 .
  • the thickness of the connecting component 9 is smaller than the electrode terminal 25 Protruding dimensions.
  • the end of the connecting component 9 is bent toward the direction of the bottom plate 802 to form a connecting portion 901 , and the connecting portion 901 is connected to the end plate 801 .
  • the connecting portion 901 is connected to the side of the end plate 801 facing away from the battery cell 7 .
  • the connection part 901 and the end plate 801 are connected by welding or riveting.
  • the battery module 40 also includes a bus component.
  • the bus component is located at an end of the battery cell 7 away from the bottom plate 802 in the height direction Z.
  • the bus component is electrically connected to a plurality of battery cells 7 respectively.
  • the connection component 9 is located on the bus component facing the battery.
  • the connection component 9 includes a connection strip and an insulating layer surrounding the outer periphery of the connection strip.
  • the housing 8 includes end plates 801 provided at both ends of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the thickness direction X, and a bottom plate 802 provided at one end of the battery cells 7 in the height direction Z.
  • the two ends of the component are respectively connected to the two end plates 801, and the connecting component 9 is arranged opposite to the bottom plate 802.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 2, including the battery module 40 in the above embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device.
  • the electric device includes the battery 2 in the above embodiment, and the battery 2 is used to provide electric energy. Since the above-mentioned battery 2 and the electric device include the battery module 40 in the above embodiment, the battery 2 and the electric device provided by the embodiment of the present application can achieve the above technical effects.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池模组、电池以及用电装置，电池模组包括：电池单体，多个电池单体沿自身厚度方向依次排列；壳体，用于容纳电池单体；连接组件，两端分别沿电池单体的厚度方向延伸，连接组件设于多个电池单体的高度方向上的一端，且连接组件的两端分别连接于壳体；其中，壳体与连接组件之间形成限制电池单体形变的容纳空间。本申请实施例的技术方案中，电池模组中设置多个电池单体，有效的扩大了电池模组的容量，扩大了电池模组的应用范围。并且，通过在壳体中设置连接组件，限制电池单体的形变，提升电池模组运行过程的安全性。

Description

电池模组、电池以及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年08月30日提交的名称为“电池模组、电池以及用电装置”的中国专利申请202211050914.X的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别是涉及一种电池模组、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池可以包括镉镍电池、氢镍电池、锂离子电池和二次碱性锌锰电池等。
目前，随着电池的应用范围越来越广泛，对电池的容量需求也在变大。通过对多个电池单体进行串联和并联能够实现电池的容量的扩大，多个电池单体在运行过程中的安全性，也是需要进行关注和研究的问题之一。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种电池模组、电池以及用电装置，能够限制电池单体的形变，提升电池单体运行过程的安全性。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池模组，包括：
电池单体，多个电池单体沿自身厚度方向依次排列；
壳体，用于容纳电池单体；
连接组件，两端分别沿电池单体的厚度方向延伸，连接组件设于多个电池单体的高度方向上的一端，且连接组件的两端分别连接于壳体；
其中，壳体与连接组件之间形成限制电池单体形变的容纳空间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，电池模组中设置多个电池单体，有效的扩大了电池模组的容量，扩大了电池模组的应用范围。并且，通过在壳体中设置连接组件，限制电池单体的形变，提升电池模组运行过程的安全性。
在一些实施例中，壳体包括设于多个电池单体的厚度方向两端的端板，以及设于电池单体高度方向一端的底板，连接件的两端分别连接于两个端板，连接组件与底板相对设置。通过设置端板、底板并将连接件与两个端板连接，形成首尾依次连接的限位结构，对电池单体厚度方向的形变进行限制。
在一些实施例中，电池模组包括多个电池组，每个电池组分别包括多个沿自身厚度方向依次排列的电池单体，多个电池组沿电池单体的宽度方向依次设置，电池模组还包括至少一个设于相邻两个电池组之间的隔板，隔板的两端分别连接于两个端板。在上述的技术方案中，每个电池模组中设置多个电池组，能将多个电池单体沿宽度方向设置，提高电池模组的规整度，并且在相邻的电池组之间设置隔板，能够保证电池组的有序排列。
在一些实施例中，壳体还包括设于电池单体宽度方向两端的侧板， 侧板与端板依次首尾连接。上述的技术方案中，设置侧板增强宽度方向的限位，进一步提升稳定性。
在一些实施例中，隔板的数量为多个，连接组件的数量为多个，连接组件与隔板一一对应设置。上述的结构，能将连接组件与隔板的连接力进行叠加，提升隔板与端板之间连接的稳定性，限制电池单体的形变。
在一些实施例中，多个电池组的厚度相等。上述的结构，能保证隔板两侧受力均衡，保证整个壳体的结构完整性，进一步提升电池模组的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，电池组的数量为两个，两个电池组中的电池单体的数量相等。两个电池组对称设置，提高电池模组整体结构的规整度，保证连接组件安装的便利性。
在一些实施例中，端板上设有连接槽，隔板的端部延伸至连接槽内并与端板连接。通过设置连接槽，将隔板的端部进行固定，结构简单，便于安装。
在一些实施例中，隔板与端板之间焊接连接。焊接连接，连接强度高，稳定性强。
在一些实施例中，连接组件在底板上的正投影与隔板在底板上的正投影至少部分重合。上述的结构，通过连接组件限制电池单体的形变，保证隔板与端板之间连接的稳定性以及强度。
在一些实施例中，电池单体设有沿自身高度方向凸出的电极端子，连接组件设于两个相邻的电池单体的两个电极端子之间，连接组件的厚度小于电极端子凸出的尺寸。上述的结构中，将连接组件设置在两个电极端子之间的空隙中，不额外占用空间，保证了电池单体的体积能量密度。
在一些实施例中，连接组件的端部朝向底板的方向弯折形成连接部，连接部与端板连接。上述的结构中，通过设置连接部，增强了连接组件与端板连接的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，连接部与端板背离电池单体的一侧连接。上述的结构，提升了连接组件与端板连接的强度。
在一些实施例中，连接部与端板之间通过焊接或铆接连接。焊接或铆接，结构简单，便于实现。
在一些实施例中，电池模组还包括汇流部件，汇流部件设于电池单体高度方向上背离底板的一端，汇流部件分别与多个电池单体电性连接，连接组件设于汇流部件朝向电池单体的一侧。通过设置汇流部件将多个电池单体的电流进行传导，将连接组件设于电池单体以及汇流部件之间，能提升汇流部件与电池单体连接的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，连接组件包括连接条以及包围连接条外周设置的绝缘层。通过设置绝缘层，防止汇流部件的电流通过连接组件流向端板，提升了电池模组的安全性。
在一些实施例中，连接条采用金属材料制造。采用金属材料制造连接条，保证连接的强度。
在一些实施例中，连接组件在电池单体的高度方向上延伸长度的取值范围：0.5mm～2mm，连接组件的在电池单体的宽度方向上的延伸长度的取值范围：20mm～40mm。通过设置合理的连接组件的厚度以及宽度，保证连接强度的同时，不占用外壳内过多的空间，保证电池模组的能量密度。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括上述实施例中的电池模组。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例中的电池，电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池中的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模组的结构示意图；
图5为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池模组的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模组端板处的局部剖视结构示意图；
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池模组局部剖视结构示意图。
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
附图标记说明：
1、车辆；2、电池；24、泄压机构；25、电极端子；3、控制器；
4、马达；5、箱体；51、第一部分；52、第二部分；53、容纳空间；10、电极单元；11、电极组件；20、外壳；21、开口；30、端盖组 件；40、电池模组；X、厚度方向；Y、宽度方向；Z、高度方向；7、电池单体；8、壳体；801、端板；802、底板；803、侧板；804、隔板；805、连接槽；9、连接组件；901、连接部；902、铆钉。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域 的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模组或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的外壳。外壳可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极单元和电解质，电极单元包括至少一个电极组件，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和 正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和凸出于正极集流部的正极凸部，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极凸部的至少部分未涂覆正极活性物质层，正极凸部作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和凸出于负极集流部的负极凸部，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极凸部的至少部分未涂覆负极活性物质层，负极凸部作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池2以及使用电池2的用电装置。用电装置可以是车辆1、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆1可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池2的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池模组40，多个电池单体组成电池模组40，电池模组40容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一部分51和第二部分52，第一部分51与第二部分52相互盖合，第一部分51和第二部分52共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间53。第二部分52可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一部分51为板状结构，第一部分51盖合于第二部分52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5；第一部分51和第二部分52也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分51的开口侧盖合于第二部分52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5。当然，第一部分51和第二部分52可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一部分51与第二部分52连接后的密封性，第一部分51与第二部分52之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一部分51盖合于第二部分52的顶部，第一部分51亦可称之为上箱盖，第二部分52亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模组40，多个电池模组40再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池中的电池单体的爆炸示意图。在一些实施例中，电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模组40。多个电池模组40再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
电池模组40中的多个电池单体7之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模组40中的多个电池单体7的并联或串联或混联。
本申请实施例的电池单体7包括电极单元10、外壳20和端盖组件30。外壳20具有开口21，电极单元10容纳于外壳20内，端盖组件30用于连接外壳20并盖合于开口21。
电极单元10包括至少一个电极组件11。示例性的，图3中的电极单元10包括两个电极组件11。电极组件11包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电极组件11可以是卷绕式电极组件、叠片式电极组件或其它形式的电极组件。
在一些实施例中，电极组件11为卷绕式电极组件。正极极片、负极极片和隔离件均为带状结构。本申请实施例可以将正极极片、隔离件以及负极极片依次层叠并卷绕两圈以上形成电极组件11。
在另一些实施例中，电极组件11为叠片式电极组件。具体地，电极组件11包括多个正极极片和多个负极极片，正极极片和负极极片交替层叠，层叠的方向平行于正极极片的厚度方向和负极极片的厚度方向。
电极单元10包括至少一个电极组件11。也就是说，在电池单体7中，容纳于外壳20内的电极组件11可以是一个，也可以是多个。
外壳20为一侧开口的空心结构。端盖组件30盖合于外壳20的开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极单元10和电解质的容纳腔。
外壳20可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳20的形状可根据电极单元10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极单元10为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体；若电极单元10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体。当然，端盖组件30也可以是多种结构，比如，为板状结构或一端开口的空心结构等。示例性的，外壳20为长方体结构，端盖组件30为板状结构，端盖组件30盖合于外壳20顶部的开口处。
端盖组件30还包括电极端子25。在一些实施例中，电极端子25设置为两个，两个电极端子25分别定义为正极电极端子和负极电极端子。正极电极端子和负极电极端子分别用于与电极组件11正极极耳部和负极极耳部电连接，以输出电极组件11所产生的电流。
端盖组件30还包括泄压机构24，泄压机构24用于在电池单体7的内部压力或温度达到预定值时泄放电池单体7的内部压力或温度。示例性的，泄压机构24位于正极电极端子和负极电极端子之间，泄压机构24可以是诸如防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等部件。
在一些实施例中，外壳20也可为相对的两侧开口的空心结构。端盖组件30包括两个端盖组件30，两个端盖组件30分别盖合于外壳20的两个开口处并密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极单元10和电解质的容纳腔。 在一些示例中，正极电极端子和负极电极端子可安装在同一个端盖组件30上。在另一些示例中，正极电极端子和负极电极端子分别安装在两个端盖组件30上。
在电池模组中，为了尽可能的保证电池模组的结构稳定性，多个电池单体通常沿着厚度方向依次层叠排列。在电池单体的运行过程中，随着温度的升高，电极极片会沿着厚度方向发生膨胀。而电池单体中的电极极片通常也是沿着厚度方向层叠设置的。因此，电池单体厚度方向上的形变最大。根据实验检测，在电池单体厚度方向上，电池模组在高温状况下的形变量可达到5mm～10mm。当然，电池单体的宽度方向上也会发生一些形变，但是其形变量小于电池单体厚度方向的形变。当多个电池单体沿着厚度方向设置之后，多个电池单体同时沿着厚度方向膨胀，其形变量叠加则会导致电池模组的壳体发生形变，甚者破裂。电池单体失去束缚，从而导致安全事故发生。
为了防止上述的情况发生，提升电池单体运行过程的安全性，发明人设计出了一种电池模组，该电池模组中包括连接组件，连接组件设于多个电池单体的高度方向上的一端，且连接组件的两端分别连接于电池模组的壳体；其中，壳体与连接组件之间形成限制电池单体形变的容纳空间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，电池模组中设置多个电池单体，并通过将电池单体串联或并联的连接，有效的扩大了电池模组的容量，扩大了电池模组的应用范围。并且，通过在壳体中设置连接组件，限制电池单体的形变，提升电池模组运行过程的安全性。
下面对本申请中的电池模组的具体实施例进行详细说明。
请继续参考图4至图7，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模组40的结构示意图；图5为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池模组40的结构 示意图；图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模组端板处的局部剖视结构示意图；图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池模组40局部剖视结构示意图。
如图4所示，本申请的实施例提供了一种电池模组40，包括：电池单体7、壳体8以及连接组件9。多个电池单体7沿自身厚度方向X依次排列。壳体8用于容纳电池单体7。连接组件9两端分别沿电池单体7的厚度方向X延伸，连接组件9设于多个电池单体7的高度方向Z上的一端，且连接组件9的两端分别连接于壳体8；其中，壳体8与连接组件9之间形成限制电池单体7形变的容纳空间。
具体的，电池单体7的厚度方向X为电池单体7中电极极片的层叠方向，也是电池单体7中形变量最大的方向。壳体8可以由多个侧板803以及底板802围合形成，也可以是一个整体的壳体结构，具有开口。连接组件9可以设于壳体8的开口上。壳体8可以采用具有一定强度的材料制成，例如金属材料等。并且壳体8的内壁可以设置为与电池单体7贴合，以对电池单体7形成一定的束缚。
连接组件9通常为条形结构体，且连接组件9本身具有一定的抗拉强度，抵抗电池单体7在厚度方向X上的形变，对电池单体7形成一定的束缚。并且，连接组件9的体积不能过大，以保证电池模组40的能量密度。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，电池模组40中设置多个电池单体7，并通过将电池单体7串联或并联的连接，有效的扩大了电池模组40的容量，扩大了电池模组40的应用范围。并且，通过在壳体8中设置连接组件9，限制电池单体7的形变，提升电池模组40运行过程的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，壳体8包括设于多个电池单体7的厚度 方向X两端的端板801，以及设于电池单体7高度方向Z一端的底板802，连接件的两端分别连接于两个端板801，连接组件9与底板802相对设置。通过设置端板801、底板802并将连接件与两个端板801连接，形成首尾依次连接的限位结构，对电池单体7厚度方向X的形变进行限制。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图5以及图6所示，电池模组40包括多个电池组，每个电池组分别包括多个沿自身厚度方向X依次排列的电池单体7，多个电池组沿电池单体7的宽度方向Y依次设置，电池模组40还包括至少一个设于相邻两个电池组之间的隔板804，隔板804的两端分别连接于两个端板801。
在上述的技术方案中，每个电池模组40中设置多个电池组，能将多个电池单体7沿宽度方向Y设置，提高电池模组40的规整度，并且在相邻的电池组之间设置隔板804，能够保证电池组在宽度方向Y上的有序排列。
在本申请的一些实施例中，壳体8还包括设于电池单体7宽度方向Y两端的侧板803，侧板803与端板801依次首尾连接。上述的技术方案中，设置侧板803增强宽度方向Y的限位，进一步提升稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，隔板804的数量为多个，连接组件9的数量为多个，连接组件9与隔板804一一对应设置。上述的结构，能将连接组件9与隔板804的连接进行叠加，提升隔板804与端板801之间连接的稳定性，限制电池单体7的形变。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个电池组的厚度相等。电池组的数量也可设置为多个，例如3个或5个电池组沿宽度方向Y排列。上述的结构，能保证隔板804两侧受力均衡，保证整个壳体8的结构完整性，进一步提升电池模组40的安全性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池组的数量为两个，两个电池组中的电池单体7的数量相等。两个电池组对称设置，提高电池模组40整体结构的规整度，保证连接组件9安装的便利性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，端板801上设有连接槽805，隔板804的端部延伸至连接槽805内并与端板801连接。通过设置连接槽805，将隔板804的端部进行固定，结构简单，便于安装。
在本申请的一些实施例中，隔板804与端板801之间焊接连接。焊接连接，连接强度高，稳定性强。
在本申请的一些实施例中，连接组件9在底板802上的正投影与隔板804在底板802上的正投影至少部分重合。上述的结构，通过连接组件9限制电池单体7的形变，保证隔板804与端板801之间连接的稳定性以及强度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体7设有沿自身高度方向Z凸出的电极端子25，连接组件9设于两个相邻的电池单体7的两个电极端子25之间，连接组件9的厚度小于电极端子25凸出的尺寸。上述的结构中，将连接组件9设置在两个电极端子25之间的空隙中，不额外占用空间，保证了电池单体7的体积能量密度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，连接组件9的端部朝向底板802的方向弯折形成连接部901，连接部901与端板801连接。上述的结构中，通过设置连接部901，增强了连接组件9与端板801连接的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，连接部901与端板801背离电池单体7的一侧连接。上述的结构，提升了连接组件9与端板801连接的强度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，连接部901与端板801之间通过焊接或铆接连接。焊接或铆接，结构简单，便于实现。如图7所示，连接组件9 的连接部901上设有连接孔，端板801上设有内凹的固定孔。铆钉902穿过连接孔并伸入固定孔中，将连接组件9与端板801之间进行连接。上述的结构方式连接稳定，强度高。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池模组40还包括汇流部件(图未示出)，汇流部件设于电池单体7高度方向Z上背离底板802的一端，汇流部件分别与多个电池单体7电性连接，连接组件9设于汇流部件朝向电池单体7的一侧。通过设置汇流部件将多个电池单体7的电流进行传导，将连接组件9设于电池单体7以及汇流部件之间，能提升汇流部件与电池单体7连接的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，连接组件9包括连接条以及包围连接条外周设置的绝缘层。通过设置绝缘层，防止汇流部件的电流通过连接组件9流向端板801，提升了电池模组40的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，连接条采用金属材料制造。采用金属材料制造连接条，保证连接的强度。示例性的，根据电池模组40强度需求和环境工况，钢带材料可以选择不锈钢，弹簧钢或65Mn。
在本申请的一些实施例中，连接组件9在电池单体7的高度方向Z上延伸长度的取值范围：0.5mm～2mm，连接组件9的在电池单体7的宽度方向Y上的延伸长度的取值范围：20mm～40mm。通过设置合理的连接组件9的厚度以及宽度，保证连接强度的同时，不占用外壳20内过多的空间，保证电池模组40的能量密度。
请参考图5至图7，本申请提供的一个具体实施例中，电池模组40包括电池单体7、壳体8以及连接组件9。多个电池单体7沿自身厚度方向X依次排列。壳体8用于容纳电池单体7。连接组件9两端分别沿电池单体7的厚度方向X延伸，连接组件9设于多个电池单体7的高度方向Z 上的一端，且连接组件9的两端分别连接于壳体8；其中，壳体8与连接组件9之间形成限制电池单体7形变的容纳空间。壳体8包括设于多个电池单体7的厚度方向X两端的端板801，以及设于电池单体7高度方向Z一端的底板802，连接件的两端分别连接于两个端板801，连接组件9与底板802相对设置。电池模组40包括多个电池组，每个电池组分别包括多个沿自身厚度方向X依次排列的电池单体7，多个电池组沿电池单体7的宽度方向Y依次设置，电池模组40还包括至少一个设于相邻两个电池组之间的隔板804，隔板804的两端分别连接于两个端板801。壳体8还包括设于电池单体7宽度方向Y两端的侧板803，侧板803与端板801依次首尾连接。
电池组的数量为两个，两个电池组中的电池单体7的数量相等。端板801上设有连接槽805，隔板804的端部延伸至连接槽805内并与端板801连接。隔板804与端板801之间焊接连接。连接组件9在底板802上的正投影与隔板804在底板802上的正投影至少部分重合。电池单体7设有沿自身高度方向Z凸出的电极端子25，连接组件9设于两个相邻的电池单体7的两个电极端子25之间，连接组件9的厚度小于电极端子25凸出的尺寸。连接组件9的端部朝向底板802的方向弯折形成连接部901，连接部901与端板801连接。连接部901与端板801背离电池单体7的一侧连接。连接部901与端板801之间通过焊接或铆接连接。电池模组40还包括汇流部件，汇流部件设于电池单体7高度方向Z上背离底板802的一端，汇流部件分别与多个电池单体7电性连接，连接组件9设于汇流部件朝向电池单体7的一侧。连接组件9包括连接条以及包围连接条外周设置的绝缘层。
在上述的实施例中，壳体8包括设于多个电池单体7的厚度方向X两端的端板801，以及设于电池单体7高度方向Z一端的底板802，连接 件的两端分别连接于两个端板801，连接组件9与底板802相对设置。通过设置端板801、底板802并将连接件与两个端板801连接，形成首尾依次连接的限位结构，对电池单体7厚度方向X的形变进行限制。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种电池2，包括上述实施例中的电池模组40。本申请的实施例还提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述实施例中的电池2，电池2用于提供电能。由于上述的电池2以及用电装置中，均包括上述实施例中的电池模组40，因此本申请实施例提供的电池2以及用电装置均可达到上述的技术效果。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件，尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电池模组，包括：
    电池单体，多个所述电池单体沿自身厚度方向依次排列；
    壳体，用于容纳所述电池单体；
    连接组件，两端分别沿所述电池单体的厚度方向延伸，所述连接组件设于多个所述电池单体的高度方向上的一端，且所述连接组件的两端分别连接于所述壳体；
    其中，所述壳体与所述连接组件之间形成限制所述电池单体形变的容纳空间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其中，所述壳体包括设于多个所述电池单体的厚度方向两端的端板。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其中，所述电池模组包括多个电池组，每个所述电池组分别包括多个沿自身厚度方向依次排列的所述电池单体，多个所述电池组沿所述电池单体的宽度方向依次设置，
    所述电池模组还包括至少一个设于相邻两个所述电池组之间的隔板。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池模组，其中，所述连接组件与所述隔板对应设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池模组，其中，所述隔板的数量为多个，所述连接组件的数量为多个，所述连接组件与所述隔板一一对应设置。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，多个所述电池组的厚度相等。
  7. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述电池组的数量为两个，两个所述电池组中的所述电池单体的数量相等。
  8. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述端板上设有连接槽，所述隔板的端部延伸至所述连接槽内并与所述端板连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池模组，其中，所述隔板与所述端板之间焊接连接。
  10. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述连接组件在所述电池单体的高度方向上的正投影与所述隔板在所述电池单体的高度方向上的正投影至少部分重合。
  11. 根据权利要求2至10中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述壳体还包括设于所述电池单体宽度方向两端的侧板，所述侧板与所述端板依次首尾连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述电池单体设有沿自身高度方向凸出的电极端子，所述连接组件设于两个相邻的所述电池单体的两个电极端子之间，所述连接组件的厚度小于所述电极端子凸出的尺寸。
  13. 根据权利要求2至11中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述连接组件的端部朝向所述端板的方向弯折形成连接部，所述连接部与所述端板连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池模组，其中，所述连接部与所述端板背离所述电池单体的一侧连接。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的电池模组，其中，所述连接部与所述端板之间通过焊接或铆接连接。
  16. 根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述电池模组还包括汇流部件，所述汇流部件设于所述电池单体高度方向上的一端，所述汇流部件分别与多个所述电池单体电性连接，所述连接组件设于所述汇流部件朝向所述电池单体的一侧。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述连接组件包括连接条以及包围所述连接条外周设置的绝缘层。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池模组，其中，所述连接条采用金属材料制造。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述连接组件在所述电池单体的高度方向上延伸长度的取值范围：0.5mm～2mm，所述连接组件的在所述电池单体的宽度方向上的延伸长度的取值范围：20mm～40mm。
  20. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1至19中任一项所述的电池模组。
  21. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求20所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/094221 2022-08-30 2023-05-15 电池模组、电池以及用电装置 WO2024045692A1 (zh)

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