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WO2024027342A1 - 一种太阳能电池和太阳能组件 - Google Patents

一种太阳能电池和太阳能组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024027342A1
WO2024027342A1 PCT/CN2023/099520 CN2023099520W WO2024027342A1 WO 2024027342 A1 WO2024027342 A1 WO 2024027342A1 CN 2023099520 W CN2023099520 W CN 2023099520W WO 2024027342 A1 WO2024027342 A1 WO 2024027342A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar cell
main
auxiliary
main grid
grid
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Application number
PCT/CN2023/099520
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张良
李明明
冯春暖
余永林
翟卫鑫
Original Assignee
隆基绿能科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024027342A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024027342A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/20—Electrodes

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell and a solar module.
  • a solar cell is a semiconductor device that converts light energy into electrical energy. Specifically, when the solar cell is exposed to light, the semiconductor substrate included in the solar cell absorbs photons and generates electron and hole pairs. The electron and hole pairs are separated under the action of the built-in electric field of the PN junction, and are extracted through the emitter and back field of the solar cell respectively, and are finally collected by the electrode structure provided on the semiconductor substrate.
  • the above electrode structure generally includes 5 to 12 main grids, and the distance between the central axes of two adjacent main grids is 15 mm to 30 mm.
  • the spacing between the central axes of the two adjacent main grids is relatively large. Although the main grids can collect current in a wider range, the cell efficiency of the solar cell will be reduced.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a solar cell and a solar module for improving the cell efficiency of the solar cell.
  • the present application provides a solar cell, which includes a cell body and an electrode structure formed on the cell body.
  • the electrode structure includes a plurality of solder joints and n main grids extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction.
  • Each main grid includes two main grid lines symmetrically arranged along the first direction. Both ends of the corresponding solder joints in the length direction are respectively overlapped with two adjacent main grid lines.
  • the length direction of the solder joints is parallel to the second direction.
  • the first direction is different from the second direction, and the spacing between two adjacent main grids is 7 mm to 13 mm, where 13 ⁇ n ⁇ 25, and n is an integer.
  • the above-mentioned spacing between two adjacent main grids refers to the spacing between the central axes of the main grids (that is, the straight line where the symmetry axis of the main grids is located) of the two adjacent main grids, and the main grid is located has a central axis parallel to the first direction.
  • the electrode structure in this application includes 13 to 25 bus bars.
  • the solar cell provided by this application has a larger number of main grids. At this time, the range of the area where each main gate collects carriers is reduced, thereby improving the main gate's ability to collect carriers generated in this area, thereby improving the main gate's ability to collect current, and at the same time, the current can be Collection is more even.
  • the cell efficiency tends to increase as the distance between two adjacent main grids decreases. It can be seen from this that for cell bodies of the same size, compared with the situation where the distance between two adjacent main grids is 15 mm to 30 mm in the prior art, the distance between two adjacent main grids in this application is The cell efficiency of solar cells is higher when it is 7 mm to 13 mm. That is, using the solar cell provided by the present application improves cell efficiency.
  • the number of the above-mentioned main grids can be selected according to actual needs, so that the solar cell can be suitable for different application scenarios and expand its scope of application.
  • the main grid is connected to the welding strip.
  • the spacing between two adjacent main grids decreases, not only does the corresponding welding process need to be matched, but the diameter of the welding strip also needs to be reduced.
  • the welding process need to be more difficult, but the reduced diameter welding ribbon is easily bent during the welding process, affecting the transmission of current.
  • the spacing between two adjacent main grids is set to 7 mm to 13 mm. At this time, not only does the difficulty of the welding process not need to be greatly increased, but it can also ensure that the welding ribbon with a diameter that meets the requirements is not prone to bending during the welding process, thereby reducing the stress here and ensuring the yield of the solar cell.
  • each main grid includes two main grid lines symmetrically arranged along the first direction.
  • the other main grid line can still collect current normally.
  • the impact on the solar cell can be weakened so that it can operate normally, thereby ensuring the cell efficiency of the solar cell.
  • the electrode structure in this application includes main grid lines and multiple solder joints overlapping the main grid lines, when the number of solder joints and When the welding qualification rate is less than or equal to the actual required quantity and welding qualification rate, the main grid wire overlapping the solder joints can replace the solder joints and connect with the welding ribbon to ensure the normal operation of the solar cell.
  • each main grid line includes a main grid connection line and a bonding line connected to the main grid connection line.
  • main grid connecting lines and bonding lines are distributed alternately.
  • the two ends of the corresponding solder joints along the length direction are respectively overlapped with two adjacent overlap lines of each main grid, and the length direction of the solder joints is parallel to the second direction.
  • the electrode structure includes a plurality of welding points, and the two ends of the corresponding welding points along the length direction are respectively overlapped with two adjacent overlapping lines of each main grid.
  • the ribbon corresponding to the corresponding main grid line can be welded through the above multiple solder points, so that the soldering ribbon and the main grid line can be welded It is stronger, thereby improving the welding quality of solar cells during series welding, and ensuring the stability and safety of solar cells.
  • the width of the above-mentioned overlapping line is greater than or equal to the width of the main grid connecting line, and the width direction of the overlapping line and the width direction of the main grid connecting line are both parallel to the second direction.
  • the width of the main grid connection line is small, since the width of the overlapping wire is greater than the width of the main grid connection line, the normal connection between the solder joint and the overlapping wire can be ensured at this time, thereby ensuring the later connection of the welding strip with The main grid is connected normally. Based on this, it can not only save the conductive material for making the main grid connection line, but also ensure the normal connection between the main grid and the welding ribbon.
  • the spacing between two adjacent connecting lines of each main grid is greater than or equal to the spacing between the corresponding two adjacent main grid connecting lines.
  • the spacing between two adjacent connecting lines of each main grid is less than or equal to the spacing between the corresponding two adjacent main grid connecting lines.
  • the spacing between two adjacent overlapping wires can be adjusted according to the length of the soldering point to ensure normal connection between the soldering point and the overlapping wire.
  • the angle between the above-mentioned overlapping line and the main grid connection line can be adjusted according to the actual situation and is not limited to a fixed value, so that the shape of the main grid line can be more selective. Based on this, the mainbar can be applied to different application scenarios, expanding its scope of application.
  • each solder joint has a shape that is narrow in the middle and wide at both ends.
  • both ends of the solder joint are wide, the firmness of the connection between the solder joint and the corresponding bonding wire can be ensured. Then, when the two ends of the solder joint are made of a material with poor conductivity but cheap price, since the two ends of the solder joint are wider than the middle, at this time, a larger contact area can be used to make up for the disadvantage of poor conductivity, so as to facilitate The solder joints collect current better, thereby ensuring the speed of current transmission to the soldering strip. Furthermore, compared with the situation in the prior art where the width of the solder joints at both ends of the same conductive material is equal to the width at both ends of the solder joints in this application, this application reduces the consumption of conductive materials when making solder joints.
  • each solder joint along the second direction, includes a middle region and two end regions.
  • the two end regions are connected to both ends of the middle region respectively, along the direction away from the corresponding main grid,
  • the width of the end region gradually decreases, and the direction away from the corresponding main grid is parallel to the second direction.
  • the selectivity of the end area shape of the solder joint is increased, so that it can be selected according to the actual application scenario. Based on this, the solder joints can be suitable for different application scenarios and expand their scope of application.
  • each middle region is rectangular, and the upper surface of each end region is trapezoidal.
  • the above electrode structure further includes a plurality of auxiliary grids extending along the second direction and spaced apart along the first direction, and each main grid intersects a plurality of auxiliary grids.
  • each of the above-mentioned sub-grids can collect carriers generated in a corresponding area of the cell body. Moreover, since each main grid intersects multiple auxiliary grids. At this time, the carriers collected by all the secondary gates can be collected through each main gate. Based on this, the current collection path can be shortened to reduce the transmission resistance of carriers on the auxiliary gate to the main gate.
  • the plurality of sub-gates include at least one continuous first sub-gate and at least one non-continuous second sub-gate.
  • the first auxiliary grid intersects with the main grid connection line, and each second auxiliary grid includes a plurality of auxiliary grid sections extending along the second direction and arranged in sequence, and the auxiliary grid sections intersect with the overlapping lines.
  • each second auxiliary gate includes a plurality of auxiliary gate segments extending along the second direction and arranged in sequence, and the auxiliary gate segments intersect with the overlapping lines. At this time, it is possible to reduce or avoid the situation where the soldering strip cannot be accurately connected to the soldering point, thus ensuring the normal connection between the soldering strip and the main grid.
  • the ratio of the width of the main gate line to the width of the auxiliary gate is (1.5-2.5): 1.
  • the width direction of the main gate line is parallel to the second direction, and the width direction of the auxiliary gate is parallel to the first direction. direction.
  • main gate lines and auxiliary gates of different widths can be set according to actual needs, which increases the selectivity of the main gate line and auxiliary gate widths.
  • the electrode structure can be applied to different application scenarios and its scope of application is expanded.
  • the above electrode structure further includes end connection lines at both ends of each main grid and at least one auxiliary grid connecting each end connection line and extending in the first direction toward the edge of the cell sheet body.
  • the above-mentioned end connection lines and auxiliary grids can collect carriers generated there by the main body of the cell, just like the solder joints or main grid lines. Moreover, since the edge of the solar cell The edge part has a certain degree of brittleness and is easily broken when heated. Based on this, in this application, the above-mentioned auxiliary grid does not need to be welded with the welding strip. At this time, the edge portion of the solar cell can be prevented from being broken due to the high temperature of the thermal welding process during the series welding process. Based on this, not only can the safety and stability of solar cells be improved, but the production yield of solar cells can also be improved.
  • the width of the auxiliary grid gradually decreases along the direction close to the edge of the cell body, and the width direction of the auxiliary grid is parallel to the second direction.
  • the shape of the auxiliary grid is designed such that the width of the auxiliary grid gradually decreases along the direction close to the edge of the cell body. At this time, not only the current collection effect can be ensured, but also the cell efficiency of the solar cell can be ensured. At the same time, the conductive material for making the auxiliary grid can also be saved to reduce the consumption of conductive materials, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of solar cells.
  • the above-mentioned electrode structure further includes a reinforcing member, and the reinforcing member is disposed between two adjacent auxiliary grids.
  • the edge part of the solar cell has a certain degree of brittleness, it is easy to crack during use.
  • a reinforcing member is provided between two adjacent auxiliary grids. At this time, the above-mentioned reinforcement members can be used to increase the strength of the edge portion of the solar cell to reduce the probability of cracking and thereby improve the quality of the solar cell.
  • the above-mentioned electrode structure further includes end solder joints. Both ends of the corresponding end solder joints along the length direction are respectively overlapped with two adjacent end connecting lines. The length direction of the end solder joints is parallel to Second direction.
  • the width of the main grid connection line is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and the width of the bonding line is 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm.
  • the selectivity of the width of the main grid connection line and the width of the bonding line is increased, so that the main grid line can be applied to different application scenarios and expands its scope of application.
  • the above electrode structure is applied to the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode of the solar cell; and/or the solar cell is a whole solar cell or a sliced solar cell.
  • this application also provides a solar component, including the solar cell as described in the first aspect.
  • the beneficial effects of the solar module provided by the present application are the same as those of the solar cell described in the first aspect, and will not be described again here.
  • Figure 1 is a partial structural diagram of a solar cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the main grid in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between main grid spacing and battery efficiency in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first part of the main grid in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part of the structure of Figure 4 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the solder joint in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the second part of the main grid in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the second part of the main grid and the reinforcement in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part of the structure of FIG. 8 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the length and width of existing solar cells are generally 150 mm to 230 mm.
  • the electrode structure includes 5 to 12 main grids, and the distance between the central axes of two adjacent main grids is generally 15 mm. to 30 mm.
  • the spacing between the central axes of the two adjacent main grids is relatively large.
  • the main grids can collect current in a wider range, the cell efficiency of the solar cell will be reduced.
  • the width of each main grid needs to be set to a larger value, such as greater than 300 microns.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell.
  • the solar cell includes positive electrodes and negative electrodes located on opposite sides of the solar cell.
  • the solar cell can be a whole solar cell or a sliced solar cell. Among them, when the solar cell is a sliced solar cell, the division multiple can be set according to actual needs.
  • the solar cell may include a cell body 1 and an electrode structure 2 formed on the cell body 1 .
  • the above-mentioned electrode structure 2 may include a plurality of welding spots 20 and n main grids 21 extending along the first direction and spaced apart along the second direction.
  • Each main grid 21 includes two main grid lines 210 symmetrically arranged along the first direction. Both ends of the corresponding welding point 20 in the length direction overlap with two adjacent main grid lines 210 respectively.
  • the length direction of the welding point 20 is parallel. in the second direction.
  • the first direction is different from the second direction, and the spacing between two adjacent main grids 21 is 7 mm to 13 mm, where 13 ⁇ n ⁇ 25, and n is an integer.
  • the pitch may be 7 mm, 8 mm, 8.5 mm, 8.9 mm, 9.2 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm or 13 mm, etc.
  • n can be 13, 15, 16, 18, 20 or 25 etc.
  • the above-mentioned spacing between two adjacent main grids 21 refers to the spacing between the central axes of the two adjacent main grids 21 (that is, the straight line where the symmetry axis of the main grids 21 is located). And the central axis of the main grid 21 is parallel to the first direction.
  • the structure, specifications, etc. of the above-mentioned battery sheet body can be set according to the actual situation, and are not specifically limited here.
  • the above electrode structure may be applied only to the positive electrode included in the solar cell, or may be applied only to the negative electrode included in the solar cell, or may be applied to both the positive electrode and the negative electrode included in the solar cell.
  • the above-mentioned first direction and the second direction may be any two directions that are parallel to the surface of the main body of the battery sheet and are different from each other.
  • the above-mentioned first direction A and second direction B are orthogonal.
  • the plurality of main grids 21 can be arranged at intervals along the row direction and extend along the column direction, that is, evenly distributed on the cell body 1 in an array.
  • the electrode structure 2 in the embodiment of the present application includes 13 to 25 strips.
  • Main grid 21 the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present application has a larger number of main grids. At this time, the range of the area where each main grid 21 collects carriers is reduced, thereby improving the main grid 21's ability to collect carriers generated in this area, thereby improving the main grid's 21 ability to collect current, while also improving the current collection ability of the main grid 21. Can make current collection more uniform.
  • the cell efficiency increases with the The spacing between the gates 21 decreases and shows an increasing trend. It can be seen from this that for the cell body 1 of the same size, compared with the prior art where the distance between two adjacent main grids 21 is 15 mm to 30 mm, the distance between two adjacent main grids 21 in the embodiment of the present application is The cell efficiency of solar cells is higher when the spacing between 21 is 7 mm to 13 mm. That is, the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present application improves the cell efficiency.
  • the number of the above-mentioned main grids can be selected according to actual needs, so that the solar cell can be suitable for different application scenarios and expand its scope of application.
  • the main grid is connected to the welding strip.
  • the spacing between two adjacent main grids decreases, not only does the corresponding welding process need to be matched, but the diameter of the welding strip also needs to be reduced.
  • the welding process need to be more difficult, but the reduced diameter welding ribbon is easily bent during the welding process, affecting the transmission of current.
  • the spacing between two adjacent main grids is set to 7 mm to 13 mm. At this time, not only does the difficulty of the welding process not need to be greatly increased, but it can also ensure that the welding ribbon with a diameter that meets the requirements is not prone to bending during the welding process, thereby reducing the stress here and ensuring the yield of the solar cell.
  • the spacing between adjacent main grids is 8.5 mm to 9.5 mm, and can be welded with a welding strip with a diameter of 0.23 mm to 0.25 mm. In this case, it can not only meet the needs of mass production, but also save the manufacturing cost of solar cells. For example, when the spacing between adjacent main grids is 9.5 mm, it corresponds to an 18BB solar cell.
  • each main grid 21 includes two main grid lines 210 symmetrically arranged along the first direction.
  • the other main grid line 210 can still collect current normally.
  • the impact on the solar cell can be weakened so that it can operate normally, thereby ensuring the cell efficiency of the solar cell.
  • the main grid line 210 can be used to collect current. Based on this, the battery efficiency can be tested.
  • the electrode structure in this application includes main grid lines and multiple solder joints overlapping the main grid lines, when the number of solder joints and When the welding qualification rate is less than or equal to the actual required quantity and welding qualification rate, the main grid wire overlapping the solder joints can replace the solder joints and connect with the welding ribbon to ensure the normal operation of the solar cell.
  • the number of main grids included in the above electrode structure, the spacing between two adjacent main grids in this number, and the spacing between two main grid lines included in the main grid can be set according to actual conditions. It should be understood that the area between the two main gate lines may or may not be filled with conductive material. The materials can be set according to the actual situation and are not specifically limited here. For example, if the area between the two main grid lines is not filled with conductive material, the cost of manufacturing the solar cell can be reduced.
  • Example 1 The above electrode structure includes 16 main grids extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction. The first direction is different from the second direction. The distance between two adjacent main grids is 10.7 mm.
  • Example 2 The above electrode structure includes 18 main grids extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction.
  • the first direction is different from the second direction, and the spacing between two adjacent main grids is 9.5 mm.
  • the cell efficiency of the solar cell is also greater than that in the prior art when the distance between two adjacent main grids is 15 mm to 30 mm. Moreover, since the spacing between two adjacent main grids is 10.7 mm or 9.5 mm, this not only further reduces the difficulty of the welding process, but also ensures that the welding strip with a diameter that meets the requirements is less likely to bend during the welding process. This can then reduce the stress here and ensure the yield of the solar cell.
  • each main grid line 210 may include a main grid connection line 2100 and a bonding line 2101 connected to the main grid connection line 2100 .
  • the main grid connection lines 2100 and the bonding lines 2101 are alternately distributed. Both ends of the corresponding welding point 20 along the length direction are respectively overlapped with two adjacent overlapping lines 2101 of each main grid, and the length direction of the welding point is parallel to the second direction.
  • the bonding wire 2101 is connected to the welding point 20, at this time, only adjusting the width of the bonding line 2101 can ensure that the welding point 20 and the main grid line 210 are firmly connected. In this process, there is no need to adjust the width of the main gate connection line 2100, which is simple and convenient. Furthermore, since the electrode structure 2 includes a plurality of welding points 20, and the two ends of the corresponding welding points 20 along the length direction are respectively overlapped with two adjacent overlapping lines 2101 of each main grid.
  • the soldering ribbon corresponding to the corresponding main grid line 210 can be welded through the above-mentioned multiple soldering points, so that the soldering ribbon and the main grid line can be welded together.
  • 210 welding is stronger, thereby improving the welding quality of solar cells when welding in series, ensuring the stability and safety of solar cells.
  • the two ends of the above-mentioned corresponding soldering points along the length direction are respectively overlapped with two adjacent overlapping wires in various ways.
  • they can be integrally formed, or the overlapping wires can be provided after the soldering points are set.
  • the above-mentioned solder joints and corresponding bonding wires are integrally formed. At this time, not only can the probability of misalignment between the solder joints and the corresponding bonding wires be reduced or eliminated to ensure the quality of the solar cell, but the preparation efficiency can also be improved.
  • the width of the above-mentioned bonding line 2101 is greater than or equal to the width of the main grid connection line 2100, and the width direction of the bonding line 2101 and the width direction of the main grid connection line 2100 are both parallel to the first Two directions.
  • the width of the main gate connecting line 2100 when the width of the main gate connecting line 2100 is small, since the width of the bonding wire 2101 is greater than the width of the main gate connecting line 2100, the normal connection between the solder joint and the bonding line 2101 can be ensured at this time, thereby ensuring that the welding strip is connected to the bonding wire in the later stage.
  • the main grid is connected normally. Based on this, the conductive material for making the main grid connection line 2100 can not only be saved, but also the normal connection between the main grid and the soldering strip can be ensured.
  • the width of the main grid connection line is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, for example, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.27 mm, 0.3 mm or 0.5 mm, etc.
  • the width of the above-mentioned bonding wire is 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm, for example, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm or 0.6 mm, etc.
  • the selectivity of the width of the main grid connection line and the width of the bonding line is increased, so that the main grid line can be applied to different application scenarios and expands its scope of application.
  • the width of the main grid connection line is 0.3 mm
  • the width of the bonding line is 0.3 mm.
  • the spacing between two adjacent connecting lines of each main grid is less than or equal to the spacing between the corresponding two adjacent main grid connecting lines.
  • the spacing between two adjacent bonding wires 2101 can be adjusted according to the length of the soldering point to ensure normal connection between the soldering point and the bonding wire 2101.
  • the angle between the above-mentioned bonding line 2101 and the main grid connection line 2100 can be adjusted according to actual conditions and is not limited to a fixed value, so that the shape of the main grid line 210 can be more selective. Based on this, the mainbar can be applied to different application scenarios, expanding its scope of application.
  • the spacing between two adjacent bonding lines can be increased without changing the width of the bonding line. That is, make the distance between two adjacent bonding lines The spacing is larger than the spacing between two adjacent busbar connection lines.
  • the upper surface of the above-mentioned solder joint has various shapes, and the above-mentioned “upper surface” refers to the surface of the solder joint seen when looking down at the solar cell. Two possible shapes are taken as examples for description below. It should be understood that the following description is only for understanding and not for specific limitation.
  • each solder joint 20 is rectangular.
  • the size of the above solder joints can be set according to the actual situation and is not specifically limited here.
  • the length of the above-mentioned solder joint 20 is 0.6 mm to 2 mm, for example, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 0.15 mm or 2 mm, etc.
  • the width of the above-mentioned solder joint 20 is 0.12 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.12 mm, 0.32 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.25 mm or 1.5 mm, etc.
  • the width W1 of the overlap between the solder joint 20 and the bonding wire 2101 is 50 microns to 200 microns, for example, 50 microns, 65 microns, 80 microns, 100 microns, 150 microns or 200 microns.
  • the length of the above-mentioned solder joint is 1.6 mm
  • the width of the solder joint is 0.15 mm
  • the width W1 of the overlap is 100 ⁇ m.
  • each solder joint 20 has a shape that is narrow in the middle and wide at both ends.
  • the consumption of conductive material when making the solder joint is reduced in the embodiment of the present application. quantity.
  • each soldering point 20 may include a middle region 200 and two end regions 201 .
  • the two end regions 201 are respectively connected to both ends of the middle region 200.
  • the width of the end regions 201 gradually decreases along the direction away from the corresponding main grid, and the direction away from the corresponding main grid is parallel to the second direction.
  • the selectivity of the shape of the end area 201 of the solder joint is increased, so that it can be selected according to the actual application scenario. Based on this, the solder joints can be suitable for different application scenarios and expand their scope of application.
  • the above-mentioned end area is an axially symmetrical figure.
  • each middle area 200 is rectangular. shape, and the upper surface of each end region 201 is trapezoidal.
  • the above-mentioned trapezoid may be a right-angled trapezoid, an isosceles trapezoid or other trapezoids.
  • each middle region is rectangular, and the upper surface of each end region is a gradient shape.
  • the above gradient shape may be a shape enclosed by straight lines and curves.
  • the specifications of the end area of the gradient shape are not specifically limited here, as long as they meet actual needs.
  • the middle area of the solder joint is made of silver paste and the end areas are made of aluminum paste. Since the unit price of aluminum is less than that of silver, at this time, compared with solder joints made of silver paste in the prior art, in the embodiment of the present application, the cost of making solder joints is reduced, thereby reducing the cost of solar energy. Battery manufacturing costs.
  • the above electrode structure may also include a plurality of auxiliary grids 22 extending along the second direction and spaced apart along the first direction, and each main grid intersects a plurality of auxiliary grids 22 .
  • each of the above-mentioned sub-grids can collect carriers generated in a corresponding area of the cell body. Moreover, since each main grid intersects multiple auxiliary grids. At this time, the carriers collected by all the secondary gates can be collected through each main gate. Based on this, the current collection path can be shortened to reduce the transmission resistance of carriers on the auxiliary gate to the main gate. It should be understood that the number and specifications of the sub-grids included in the electrode structure, as well as the spacing between two adjacent sub-grids, can be set according to actual needs, and are not specifically limited here.
  • the plurality of auxiliary gates 22 may include at least one continuous first auxiliary gate 220 and at least one discontinuous second auxiliary gate 221 .
  • the first auxiliary gate 220 intersects the main gate connection line.
  • Each second auxiliary gate 221 includes a plurality of auxiliary gate segments 2210 extending along the second direction and arranged in sequence. The auxiliary gate segments 2210 intersect with the overlapping lines.
  • each The second auxiliary gate 221 includes a plurality of auxiliary gate segments 2210 extending along the second direction and arranged in sequence. The auxiliary gate segments 2210 intersect with the overlapping lines. At this time, it is possible to reduce or avoid the situation where the soldering strip cannot be accurately connected to the soldering point, thus ensuring the normal connection between the soldering strip and the main grid.
  • the width of the above-mentioned sub-gate can be 50 microns to 150 microns, for example, it can be 50 microns. Micron, 60 micron, 80 micron, 100 micron or 150 micron, etc.
  • the spacing between two connected auxiliary grids can be 0.6 mm to 1.8 mm, for example, it can be 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm or 1.8 mm, etc.
  • four second auxiliary grids are provided between the first auxiliary grid and the solder joints.
  • the ratio of the width of the main gate line to the width of the sub-gate is (1.5-2.5):1, for example, it can be 1.5:1, 1.7:1, 2:1 or 2.5:1, etc. .
  • the width direction of the main gate lines is parallel to the second direction, and the width direction of the auxiliary gate lines is parallel to the first direction.
  • the main grid wiring and the auxiliary grid may have a three-dimensional trapezoidal structure.
  • the aspect ratio of the main gate line may be 1:(6-8), such as 1:6, 1:7, 1:7.5 or 1:8, etc.
  • the aspect ratio of the sub-gate can be 1: (1-5), such as 1:1, 1:1.7, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 or 1:5, etc.
  • the above-mentioned electrode structure may also include end connection lines 23 at both ends of each main grid and connecting each end connection line 23 and extending in the first direction toward the edge of the battery sheet body. at least one auxiliary gate 24.
  • the above-mentioned end connection lines 23 and auxiliary grids 24 can collect the carriers generated there by the main body of the cell, just like the solder joints or main grid lines. Moreover, since the edges of solar cells are brittle, they are easily broken when heated. Based on this, in the embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned auxiliary grid 24 does not need to be welded with the soldering strip. At this time, the edge portion of the solar cell can be prevented from being broken due to the high temperature of the thermal welding process during the series welding process. Based on this, not only can the safety and stability of solar cells be improved, but the production yield of solar cells can also be improved.
  • each electrode structure includes two auxiliary gates 24 .
  • the upper surface of the above-mentioned auxiliary grid has various shapes, and the above-mentioned “upper surface” refers to the surface of the auxiliary grid seen when looking down at the solar cell. Two possible shapes are taken as examples for description below. It should be understood that the following description is only for understanding and not for specific limitation.
  • the upper surface of the above-mentioned auxiliary grid is rectangular.
  • the specific specifications of the auxiliary grid can be set according to actual conditions and are not specifically limited here.
  • the width of the auxiliary grid 24 gradually decreases along the direction close to the edge of the cell sheet body, and the width direction of the auxiliary grid 24 is parallel to the second direction.
  • the shape of the auxiliary grid 24 is designed such that the width of the auxiliary grid 24 gradually decreases along the direction close to the edge of the cell body. At this time, not only the current collection effect can be ensured, but also the cell efficiency of the solar cell can be ensured. At the same time, the conductive material for making the auxiliary grid 24 can also be saved, thereby reducing the consumption of conductive materials, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the solar cell.
  • the width of the auxiliary grid close to the edge of the cell body is 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm, for example, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.36 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.56 mm or 0.6 mm, etc.
  • the width of the above-mentioned end connection line near the middle area of the cell body is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm or 1.5 mm, etc.
  • the width of the auxiliary grid near the edge of the cell body is less than or equal to the width of the end connection line near the middle area of the cell body.
  • the width of the above-mentioned auxiliary grid near the edge of the cell body is 0.3 mm
  • the width of the end connection line near the middle area of the cell body is 1 mm.
  • the above-mentioned electrode structure may further include a reinforcing member 25 , and the reinforcing member 25 is disposed between two adjacent auxiliary grids 24 .
  • a reinforcing member 25 is provided between two adjacent auxiliary grids 24 .
  • the above-mentioned reinforcing member 25 can be used to increase the strength of the edge portion of the solar cell to reduce the probability of cracking, thereby improving the quality of the solar cell.
  • the size and the material used for making the above-mentioned reinforcement 25 can be set according to the actual situation, and are not specifically limited here.
  • the length of the above-mentioned reinforcement member 25 is equal to the distance from the first sub-grid to the fourth sub-grid among the four adjacent sub-grids.
  • the above-mentioned reinforcing member 25 is formed by printing aluminum paste. Since the unit price of aluminum is low, the manufacturing cost of the reinforcing member 25 can be reduced at this time.
  • the above electrode structure may also include end welding points 26 , and both ends of the corresponding end welding points 26 along the length direction are connected to two adjacent end connection lines 23 respectively. Overlapping, the length direction of the end solder joint 26 is parallel to the second direction.
  • the length of the above-mentioned end welding point 26 is 0.6 mm to 2 mm, for example, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 0.15 mm or 2 mm, etc.
  • the width of the above-mentioned end welding point 26 is 0.12 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.12 mm, 0.32 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.25 mm or 1.5 mm, etc.
  • the width W2 of the overlap between the end solder joint 26 and the end connection line 23 is 50 microns to 200 microns, for example, 50 microns, 65 microns, 80 microns, 100 microns, 150 microns or 200 microns, etc. .
  • the length of the above-mentioned end welding point 26 is 1.6 mm
  • the width of the end welding point 26 is 0.4 mm
  • the width W2 of the overlap is 100 microns.
  • the conductive material used to make the main grid and the auxiliary grid may be metal, for example, silver paste, aluminum paste, silver-aluminum paste, or copper.
  • both the main grid and the auxiliary grid are made of aluminum paste
  • the conductivity of the aluminum paste is worse than that of silver paste
  • the shielding area of the main grid and the auxiliary grid on the main body of the cell is increased.
  • electrode structures made of aluminum paste are preferably used on the back side of solar cells. It is understandable that the gap between the unit price of silver and the unit price of aluminum is larger than the increase in the area of the main gate and sub-gate. Therefore, when manufacturing electrode structures made of aluminum paste, the manufacturing cost of solar cells can be reduced.
  • the above-mentioned main grid and auxiliary grid may be formed by printing and sintering, laser transfer, or electroplating.
  • embodiments of the present application further provide a solar component, including the solar cell as described in the first aspect.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种太阳能电池和太阳能组件，涉及太阳能电池技术领域，以解决太阳能电池的电池效率低的问题。所述太阳能电池包括电池片主体以及形成在电池片主体上的电极结构。该电极结构包括多个焊点和n条沿第一方向延伸、且沿第二方向间隔分布的主栅。每条主栅包括沿第一方向对称设置的两条主栅线，相应焊点沿长度方向的两端分别与相邻两个主栅线搭接，焊点的长度方向平行于第二方向。第一方向不同于第二方向，相邻两条主栅之间的间距为7毫米至13毫米，其中，13≤n≤25，且n为整数。本申请还提供了一种太阳能组件，包括上述技术方案所述的太阳能电池。

Description

一种太阳能电池和太阳能组件
本申请要求在2022年8月3日提交中国专利局、申请号为202222034340.9、申请名称为“一种太阳能电池和太阳能组件”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及太阳能电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种太阳能电池和太阳能组件。
背景技术
太阳能电池是一种可以将光能转化为电能的半导体器件。具体的，当太阳能电池受到光照时，太阳能电池包括的半导体基底吸收光子并产生电子和空穴对。该电子和空穴对在PN结内建电场的作用下分离，并分别通过太阳能电池的发射极和背场引出，最终被设置在半导体基底上的电极结构所收集。
上述电极结构一般包括5至12条主栅，且相邻两条主栅所具有的中心轴线之间的间距为15毫米至30毫米。上述相邻两条主栅所具有的中心轴线之间的间距较大，此时虽然可以使主栅收集较宽范围内的电流，但是，会降低太阳能电池的电池效率。
申请内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种太阳能电池和太阳能组件，用于提高太阳能电池的电池效率。
为了实现上述目的，第一方面，本申请提供了一种太阳能电池，该太阳能电池包括电池片主体以及形成在电池片主体上的电极结构。所述电极结构包括多个焊点和n条沿第一方向延伸、且沿第二方向间隔分布的主栅。每条主栅包括沿第一方向对称设置的两条主栅线，相应焊点沿长度方向的两端分别与相邻两个主栅线搭接，焊点的长度方向平行于第二方向。第一方向不同于第二方向，相邻两条主栅之间的间距为7毫米至13毫米，其中，13≤n≤25，且n为整数。应理解，上述相邻两条主栅之间的间距是指相邻两条主栅中主栅所具有的中心轴线(即主栅的对称轴所在的直线)之间的间距，且主栅所具有的中心轴线平行于第一方向。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，当电池片主体的尺寸相同时，与现有的 5BB(主栅，Bus bar)至12BB的太阳能电池相比，本申请中电极结构包括13条至25条主栅。显然，本申请提供的太阳能电池的主栅数量更多。此时，每一主栅汇集载流子的区域范围减小，进而可以提高主栅对该区域内产生的载流子的汇集能力，以提高主栅对电流的收集能力，同时还可以使电流收集更加均匀。并且，根据现有技术可知，对于N型太阳能电池和P型太阳能电池，在一定范围内电池效率随着相邻两条主栅间距的减小呈增大趋势。由此可知，对于相同尺寸的电池片主体相比于现有技术中相邻两条主栅之间的间距为15毫米至30毫米的情况，本申请中相邻两条主栅之间的间距为7毫米至13毫米时的太阳能电池的电池效率更高。即，利用本申请提供的太阳能电池提高了电池效率。接着，上述主栅的数量可以根据实际需要进行选择，使太阳能电池可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。
进一步地，在实际使用过程中，由于主栅与焊带连接。但是，随着相邻两条主栅之间的间距减小，不仅需要匹配相应的焊接工艺，同时焊带的直径也需要减小。此时，不仅需要增加焊接工艺的难度，同时直径减小的焊带在焊接过程中极易发生弯曲，影响电流的传输。基于此，在本申请中，将相邻两条主栅之间的间距设置为7毫米至13毫米。此时，不仅不用大幅度增加焊接工艺的难度，同时还可以确保直径符合要求的焊带在焊接过程中不易发生弯曲，进而可以减小此处的应力，确保太阳能电池的良率。
再进一步地，由于每条主栅均包括沿第一方向对称设置的两条主栅线。在实际使用过程中，当其中一个主栅线老化或者被损坏时，另一个主栅线仍然可以正常收集电流。此时，可以削弱对太阳能电池的影响，以使其正常工作，进而确保太阳能电池的电池效率。
此外，相较于现有技术中无主栅线仅有焊点的情况，由于本申请中的电极结构包括主栅线和与主栅线搭接的多个焊点，当焊点的数量和焊接合格率小于或等于实际需要的数量和焊接合格率时，与焊点搭接的主栅线可以替代焊点与焊带连接，以确保太阳能电池正常工作。
在一种实现方式中，每条主栅线包括主栅连接线，以及与主栅连接线连接的搭接线。沿第一方向，主栅连接线和搭接线交替分布。相应焊点沿长度方向的两端分别与每条主栅的相邻两个搭接线搭接，焊点的长度方向平行于第二方向。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，由于搭接线和焊点连接，此时，仅调整搭接线的宽度，便可以确保焊点与主栅线连接牢固。在此过程中，不需要调整 主栅连接线的宽度，简单方便。进一步地，由于电极结构包括多个焊点，且相应焊点沿长度方向的两端分别与每条主栅的相邻两个搭接线搭接。此时，相比于焊带仅通过一个焊点与主栅线焊接的情况，与相应的主栅线对应的焊带可以通过上述多个焊点焊接，可以使焊带与主栅线焊接的更加牢固，进而提高太阳能电池在串联焊接时的焊接质量，确保太阳能电池的稳定性和安全性。
在一种实现方式中，上述搭接线的宽度大于或等于主栅连接线的宽度，搭接线的宽度方向和主栅连接线的宽度方向均平行于第二方向。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，当主栅连接线的宽度较小时，由于搭接线的宽度大于主栅连接线的宽度，此时可以确保焊点与搭接线正常连接，进而确保焊带后期与主栅正常连接。基于此，不仅可以节省制作主栅连接线的导电材料，同时还可以确保主栅和焊带正常连接。
在一种实现方式中，沿第二方向，每条主栅的相邻两个搭接线之间的间距大于或等于相应的相邻两个主栅连接线之间的间距。
在一种实现方式中，沿第二方向，每条主栅的相邻两个搭接线之间的间距小于或等于相应的相邻两个主栅连接线之间的间距。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，可以根据焊点的长度，调整相邻两个搭接线之间的间距，以确保焊点与搭接线正常连接。并且，上述搭接线和主栅连接线之间的夹角可以根据实际情况调整，不限于某一固定数值，使得主栅线的形状可选择性较多。基于此，使主栅可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。
在一种实现方式中，沿着第二方向，每一所述焊点均呈中间窄两端宽的形状。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，由于焊点两端宽，此时可以确保焊点与相应搭接线连接的牢固性。接着，当焊点的两端采用导电性差但价格便宜的材料制成时，由于焊点的两端相对于中间宽，此时，可以利用较大的接触面积弥补其导电性差的劣势，以便于焊点更好的收集电流，进而确保电流传输到焊带的速度。进一步地，对于同一导电材料相比于现有技术中焊点各处的宽度均等于本申请中焊点两端宽度的情况，本申请中降低了制作焊点时导电材料的消耗量。
在一种实现方式中，沿第二方向，每一焊点均包括中间区域和两个端部区域。两个端部区域分别与中间区域的两端连接，沿着远离相应主栅的方向， 端部区域的宽度逐渐减小，远离相应主栅的方向平行于第二方向。此时，增加了焊点的端部区域形状的选择性，使其可以根据实际应用场景进行选择。基于此，使焊点可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。
在一种实现方式中，每一中间区域的上表面均为长方形，每一端部区域的上表面均为梯形。
在一种实现方式中，上述电极结构还包括多条沿第二方向延伸、且沿第一方向间隔分布的副栅，每条主栅与多条副栅相交。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，由于电极结构还包括多条副栅，上述每条副栅可以对电池片主体相应区域内产生的载流子进行收集。并且，由于每条主栅与多条副栅相交。此时，可以通过每条主栅对所有副栅收集的载流子进行汇集。基于此，可以缩短电流的汇集路径，以减小副栅上的载流子传输至主栅的传输电阻。
在一种实现方式中，多条副栅包括至少一条连续的第一副栅以及至少一条非连续的第二副栅。第一副栅与主栅连接线相交，每条第二副栅包括沿第二方向延伸且依次排布多个副栅段，副栅段与搭接线相交。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，由于第二副栅为非连续的，此时，可以降低制作第二副栅时导电材料的消耗量，以降低制作副栅时导电材料的总消耗量，进而可以降低太阳能电池的制造成本。接着，相比于现有技术中第一副栅的高度大于或等于焊点且第一副栅距离焊点过近的情况，由于第一副栅与主栅连接线相交，每条第二副栅包括沿第二方向延伸且依次排布多个副栅段，副栅段与搭接线相交。此时，可以减少或避免焊带无法与焊点准确连接的情况发生，进而确保焊带与主栅正常连接。
在一种实现方式中，上述主栅线的宽度与副栅的宽度之比为(1.5-2.5)：1，主栅线的宽度方向平行于第二方向，副栅的宽度方向平行于第一方向。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，可以根据实际需要设置不同宽度的主栅线和副栅，增加了主栅线和副栅宽度的选择性。此时，使电极结构可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。
在一种实现方式中，上述电极结构还包括在每条主栅两端的端部连接线以及连接每个端部连接线且沿第一方向朝向电池片主体边缘延伸的至少一个辅栅。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，上述端部连接线和辅栅可以和焊点或主栅线一样收集电池片主体在该处所产生的载流子。并且，由于太阳能电池的边 缘部分具有一定的脆性，其受热后容易破碎。基于此，由于在本申请中，上述辅栅无须与焊带焊接。此时，可以防止太阳能电池的边缘部分在串联焊接过程中因热焊接工艺的温度较高而发生破碎。基于此，不仅可以提高太阳能电池的安全性和稳定性，同时还可以提高太阳能电池的生产良率。
在一种实现方式中，沿着靠近电池片主体边缘方向，辅栅的宽度逐渐减小，辅栅的宽度方向平行于第二方向。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，由于越靠近电池片主体边缘位置电流越小，越靠近电池片主体内部区域电流越大。因此，在本申请中将辅栅的形状设计为，沿着靠近电池片主体边缘方向，辅栅的宽度逐渐减小。此时，不仅可以保证电流的收集效果，进而确保太阳能电池的电池效率。同时，还可以节省制作辅栅的导电材料，以降低导电材料的消耗量，进而降低太阳能电池的制造成本。
在一种实现方式中，上述电极结构还包括加强件，加强件设置于相邻两个辅栅之间。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，由于太阳能电池的边缘部分具有一定的脆性，在使用过程中易隐裂。基于此，由于在本申请中，相邻两个辅栅之间设置有加强件。此时，利用上述加强件可以增加太阳能电池的边缘部分的强度，以降低其隐裂的概率，进而提高太阳能电池的质量。
在一种实现方式中，上述电极结构还包括端部焊点，相应端部焊点沿长度方向的两端分别与相邻两个端部连接线搭接，端部焊点的长度方向平行于第二方向。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，在本申请中由于端部焊点与端部连接线搭接并未与辅栅搭接，此时，可以防止太阳能电池的边缘部分在与辅栅搭接的端部焊点处焊接焊带时因热焊接工艺的温度较高而发生破碎。基于此，不仅可以提高太阳能电池的安全性和稳定性，同时还可以提高太阳能电池的生产良率。
在一种实现方式中，上述主栅连接线的宽度为0.1毫米至0.5毫米，搭接线的宽度为0.2毫米至0.6毫米。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，上述主栅连接线的宽度和搭接线的宽度的选择性增大，使主栅线可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。
在一种实现方式中，上述电极结构应用于太阳能电池的正电极和/或负电极；和/或，太阳能电池为整片太阳能电池或分片太阳能电池。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种太阳能组件，包括如第一方面所述的太阳能电池。
与现有技术相比，本申请提供的太阳能组件的有益效果与第一方面所述的太阳能电池的有益效果相同，此处不做赘述。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例中太阳能电池的部分结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中主栅的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例中主栅间距与电池效率的关系示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中主栅的第一部分的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中图4的部分结构的放大示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中焊点的俯视图；
图7为本申请实施例中主栅的第二部分的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中主栅的第二部分和加强件的组装结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例中图8的部分结构的放大示意图。
附图标记：
1-电池片主体，          2-电极结构，             20-焊点，
200-中间区域，          201-端部区域，           21-主栅，
210-主栅线，            2100-主栅连接线，        2101-搭接线，
22-副栅，               220-第一副栅，           221-第二副栅，
2210-副栅段，           23-端部连接线，          24-辅栅，
25-加强件，             26-端部焊点，            A-第一方向，
B-第二方向。
具体实施例
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
为了使本申请所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合具体的实施例对本申请的技术方案进行详细说明。下面这些具体的实施例可以相互结合，对于相同或相似的概念或过程可能在某些实施例不再赘述。
现有的太阳能电池的长度和宽度一般为150毫米至230毫米，其包括的电极结构具有5至12条主栅，且相邻两条主栅所具有的中心轴线之间的间距一般为15毫米至30毫米。上述相邻两条主栅所具有的中心轴线之间的间距较大，此时虽然可以使主栅收集较宽范围内的电流，但是，会降低太阳能电池的电池效率。此外，为了保证每条主栅均具有一定的电流收集能力，则需要将每条主栅的宽度设置为较大数值，例如大于300微米。
本申请实施例提供了一种太阳能电池。从结构方面来讲，该太阳能电池包括的正电极和负电极分别位于太阳能电池相对的两面。从划分方面来讲，该太阳能电池可以是整片太阳能电池，也可以是分片太阳能电池。其中，当太阳能电池为分片太阳能电池时，划分的倍数可以根据实际需求进行设置。
第一方面，参见图1和图2，该太阳能电池可以包括电池片主体1以及形成在电池片主体1上的电极结构2。上述电极结构2可以包括多个焊点20和n条沿第一方向延伸、且沿第二方向间隔分布的主栅21。每条主栅21包括沿第一方向对称设置的两条主栅线210，相应焊点20沿长度方向的两端分别与相邻两个主栅线210搭接，焊点20的长度方向平行于第二方向。第一方向不同于第二方向，相邻两条主栅21之间的间距为7毫米至13毫米，其中，13≤n≤25，且n为整数。例如，间距可以是7毫米、8毫米、8.5毫米、8.9毫米、9.2毫米、10毫米、12毫米或13毫米等。n可以是13、15、16、18、20或25等。应理解，上述相邻两条主栅21之间的间距是指相邻两条主栅21中主栅21所具有的中心轴线(即主栅21的对称轴所在的直线)之间的间距，且主栅21所具有的中心轴线平行于第一方向。
上述电池片主体的结构、规格等可以根据实际情况进行设置，在此不做具体限定。上述电极结构可以仅应用于太阳能电池包括的正电极，也可以仅应用于太阳能电池包括的负电极，还可以同时应用于太阳能电池包括的正电极和负电极。
上述第一方向和第二方向，二者可以为平行于电池片主体表面、且互不相同的任意两个方向。优选的，参见图1和图2，上述第一方向A和第二方向B正交。此时，多条主栅21可以沿着行的方向间隔排布、且沿着列的方向延伸，即呈阵列式均匀分布在电池片主体1上。
参见图1和图2，当电池片主体1的尺寸相同时，与现有的5BB(主栅，Bus bar)至12BB的太阳能电池相比，本申请实施例中电极结构2包括13条至25条主栅21。显然，本申请实施例提供的太阳能电池的主栅数量更多。此时，每一主栅21汇集载流子的区域范围减小，进而可以提高主栅21对该区域内产生的载流子的汇集能力，以提高主栅21对电流的收集能力，同时还可以使电流收集更加均匀。并且，根据现有技术可知，对于N型太阳能电池和P型太阳能电池，在一定范围内(例如相邻主栅21之间的间距为8.5毫米至18.2毫米)电池效率随着相邻两条主栅21间距的减小呈增大趋势。由此可知，对于相同尺寸的电池片主体1相比于现有技术中相邻两条主栅21之间的间距为15毫米至30毫米的情况，本申请实施例中相邻两条主栅21之间的间距为7毫米至13毫米时的太阳能电池的电池效率更高。即，利用本申请实施例提供的太阳能电池提高了电池效率。具体的，参见图3可知，理论上对于方块电阻较小(例如一般为100Ω/□至130Ω/□)的 N型太阳能电池，当相邻两条主栅之间的间距为8.5毫米时，N型太阳能电池的电池效率达到极限值。上述相邻两条主栅之间的间距为8.5毫米对应于182规格的20BB太阳能电池。对于方块电阻较大(例如一般为180Ω/□至200Ω/□)的P型太阳能电池，当相邻两条主栅之间的间距为7.9毫米时，P型太阳能电池的电池效率达到极限值。上述相邻两条主栅之间的间距为7.9毫米对应于182规格的22BB太阳能电池。
接着，上述主栅的数量可以根据实际需要进行选择，使太阳能电池可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。
进一步地，在实际使用过程中，由于主栅与焊带连接。但是，随着相邻两条主栅之间的间距减小，不仅需要匹配相应的焊接工艺，同时焊带的直径也需要减小。此时，不仅需要增加焊接工艺的难度，同时直径减小的焊带在焊接过程中极易发生弯曲，影响电流的传输。基于此，在本申请实施例中，将相邻两条主栅之间的间距设置为7毫米至13毫米。此时，不仅不用大幅度增加焊接工艺的难度，同时还可以确保直径符合要求的焊带在焊接过程中不易发生弯曲，进而可以减小此处的应力，确保太阳能电池的良率。示例性的，上述相邻主栅之间的间距为8.5毫米至9.5毫米，此时可以与直径为0.23毫米至0.25毫米的焊带进行焊接。在此情况下，不仅可以满足量产的需要，同时还可以节约太阳能电池的制造成本。示例性的，当相邻主栅之间的间距为9.5毫米时，对应18BB太阳能电池。
再进一步地，参见图1和图2，由于每条主栅21均包括沿第一方向对称设置的两条主栅线210。在实际使用过程中，当其中一个主栅线210老化或者被损坏时，另一个主栅线210仍然可以正常收集电流。此时，可以削弱对太阳能电池的影响，以使其正常工作，进而确保太阳能电池的电池效率。接着，由于主栅线210可以用于收集电流。基于此，可以对其进行电池效率的测试。
此外，相较于现有技术中无主栅线仅有焊点的情况，由于本申请中的电极结构包括主栅线和与主栅线搭接的多个焊点，当焊点的数量和焊接合格率小于或等于实际需要的数量和焊接合格率时，与焊点搭接的主栅线可以替代焊点与焊带连接，以确保太阳能电池正常工作。
上述电极结构包括的主栅的数量、该数量下相邻两条主栅之间的间距以及主栅所包括的两个主栅线之间的间距均可以根据实际情况进行设置。应理解，上述两个主栅线之间的区域可以填充导电材料也可以不填充导电 材料，可以根据实际情况进行设置，在此不做具体限定。例如，上述两个主栅线之间的区域未填充导电材料，此时可以降低制作太阳能电池的成本。
下面以两种可能的实现方式为例进行描述，应理解，以下描述仅用于理解，不用于具体限定。
示例一，上述电极结构包括16条沿第一方向延伸、且沿第二方向间隔分布的主栅，第一方向不同于第二方向，相邻两条主栅之间的间距为10.7毫米。
示例二，上述电极结构包括18条沿第一方向延伸、且沿第二方向间隔分布的主栅，第一方向不同于第二方向，相邻两条主栅之间的间距为9.5毫米。
由图3可知，上述两种示例中，太阳能电池的电池效率也大于现有技术中相邻两条主栅之间的间距为15毫米至30毫米情况下的电池效率。并且，由于邻两条主栅之间的间距为10.7毫米或9.5毫米，此时，不仅可以进一步降低焊接工艺的难度，同时还可以确保直径符合要求的焊带在焊接过程中更不易发生弯曲，进而可以减小此处的应力，确保太阳能电池的良率。
作为一种可能的实现方式，参见图2，每条主栅线210均可以包括主栅连接线2100，以及与主栅连接线2100连接的搭接线2101。沿第一方向，主栅连接线2100和搭接线2101交替分布。相应焊点20沿长度方向的两端分别与每条主栅的相邻两个搭接线2101搭接，焊点的长度方向平行于第二方向。
参见图2，由于搭接线2101和焊点20连接，此时，仅调整搭接线2101的宽度，便可以确保焊点20与主栅线210连接牢固。在此过程中，不需要调整主栅连接线2100的宽度，简单方便。进一步地，由于电极结构2包括多个焊点20，且相应焊点20沿长度方向的两端分别与每条主栅的相邻两个搭接线2101搭接。此时，相比于焊带仅通过一个焊点与主栅线210焊接的情况，与相应的主栅线210对应的焊带可以通过上述多个焊点焊接，可以使焊带与主栅线210焊接的更加牢固，进而提高太阳能电池在串联焊接时的焊接质量，确保太阳能电池的稳定性和安全性。
上述相应焊点沿长度方向的两端分别与相邻两个搭接线搭接的方式多种多样，例如可以是一体成型，也可以是焊点设置好后，在设置搭接线。
在一种可选方式中，上述焊点与相应的搭接线一体成型。此时，不仅可以降低或消除焊点与相应的搭接线之间错位情况发生的概率，以确保太阳能电池的质量，同时还可以提高制备效率。
在一种可选方式中，参见图2，上述搭接线2101的宽度大于或等于主栅连接线2100的宽度，搭接线2101的宽度方向和主栅连接线2100的宽度方向均平行于第二方向。
参见图2，当主栅连接线2100的宽度较小时，由于搭接线2101的宽度大于主栅连接线2100的宽度，此时可以确保焊点与搭接线2101正常连接，进而确保焊带后期与主栅正常连接。基于此，不仅可以节省制作主栅连接线2100的导电材料，同时还可以确保主栅和焊带正常连接。
作为一种可能的实现方式，上述主栅连接线的宽度为0.1毫米至0.5毫米，例如，0.1毫米、0.15毫米、0.2毫米、0.27毫米、0.3毫米或0.5毫米等。上述搭接线的宽度为0.2毫米至0.6毫米，例如，0.2毫米、0.25毫米、0.3毫米、0.4毫米、0.5毫米或0.6毫米等。采用上述技术方案的情况下，上述主栅连接线的宽度和搭接线的宽度的选择性增大，使主栅线可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。在本申请实施例中，上述主栅连接线的宽度为0.3毫米，搭接线的宽度为0.3毫米。
上述每条主栅的相邻两个搭接线之间的间距和相邻两个主栅连接线之间的间距的大小关系可以根据实际情况进行设置，下面以两种可能的实现方式为例进行描述，应理解，以下描述仅用于理解，不用于具体限定。
作为一种可能的实现方式，参见图2，沿第二方向，每条主栅的相邻两个搭接线2101之间的间距大于或等于相应的相邻两个主栅连接线2100之间的间距。
作为另一种可能的实现方式，沿第二方向，每条主栅的相邻两个搭接线之间的间距小于或等于相应的相邻两个主栅连接线之间的间距。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，参见图2，可以根据焊点的长度，调整相邻两个搭接线2101之间的间距，以确保焊点与搭接线2101正常连接。并且，上述搭接线2101和主栅连接线2100之间的夹角可以根据实际情况调整，不限于某一固定数值，使得主栅线210的形状可选择性较多。基于此，使主栅可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。
示例性的，当焊点的长度较长时，在不改变搭接线的宽度的情况下，可以增大相邻两个搭接线之间的间距增大。即，使相邻两个搭接线之间的 间距大于相邻两个主栅连接线之间的间距。
上述焊点的上表面的形状多种多样，上述“上表面”指代的是俯视太阳能电池时所看到的焊点的表面。下面以两种可能的形状为例进行描述，应理解，以下描述仅用于理解，不用于具体限定。
作为一种可能的实现方式，参见图4，沿着第二方向，每一焊点20的上表面均为长方形。上述焊点的尺寸可以根据实际情况进行设置，在此不做具体限定。
示例性的，参见图4，沿第二方向，上述焊点20的长度为0.6毫米至2毫米，例如，0.6毫米、0.7毫米、0.8毫米、1毫米、0.15毫米或2毫米等。沿第一方向，上述焊点20的宽度为0.12毫米至1.5毫米，例如，0.12毫米、0.32毫米、0.8毫米、1毫米、1.25毫米或1.5毫米等。沿第二方向，上述焊点20与搭接线2101搭接处的宽度W1为50微米至200微米，例如，50微米、65微米、80微米、100微米、150微米或200微米等。在本申请实施例中，上述焊点的长度为1.6毫米，焊点的宽度为0.15毫米，搭接处的宽度W1为100微米。
作为另一种可能的实现方式，参见图5，沿着第二方向，每一焊点20均呈中间窄两端宽的形状。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，参见图5，由于焊点20两端宽，此时可以确保焊点20与相应搭接线连接的牢固性。接着，当焊点20的两端采用导电性差但价格便宜的材料制成时，由于焊点20的两端相对于中间宽，此时，可以利用较大的接触面积弥补其导电性差的劣势，以便于焊点20更好的收集电流，进而确保电流传输到焊带的速度。进一步地，对于同一导电材料相比于现有技术中焊点各处的宽度均等于本申请实施例中焊点两端宽度的情况，本申请实施例中降低了制作焊点时导电材料的消耗量。
在一种可选方式中，参见图5和图6，沿第二方向，每一焊点20均可以包括中间区域200和两个端部区域201。两个端部区域201分别与中间区域200的两端连接，沿着远离相应主栅的方向，端部区域201的宽度逐渐减小，远离相应主栅的方向平行于第二方向。此时，增加了焊点的端部区域201形状的选择性，使其可以根据实际应用场景进行选择。基于此，使焊点可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。
在一种可选方式中，沿第二方向，上述端部区域为轴对称图形。
在一种可选方式中，参见图6，每一中间区域200的上表面均为长方 形，每一端部区域201的上表面均为梯形。上述梯形可以是直角梯形、等腰梯形或其它梯形。
在一种可选方式中，每一中间区域的上表面均为长方形，每一端部区域的上表面均为渐变形状。上述渐变形状可以是由直线和曲线围合形成的形状。至于渐变形状的端部区域的规格在此不做具体限定，只要符合实际需要即可。
在一种可选方式中，焊点的中间区域采用银浆制成，端部区域采用铝浆制成。由于铝的单价小于银的单价，此时，相比于现有技术中各处均采用银浆制成的焊点，在本申请实施例中，降低了制作焊点的成本，进而降低了太阳能电池的制作成本。
作为一种可能的实现方式，参见图4，上述电极结构还可以包括多条沿第二方向延伸、且沿第一方向间隔分布的副栅22，每条主栅与多条副栅22相交。
由于电极结构还包括多条副栅，上述每条副栅可以对电池片主体相应区域内产生的载流子进行收集。并且，由于每条主栅与多条副栅相交。此时，可以通过每条主栅对所有副栅收集的载流子进行汇集。基于此，可以缩短电流的汇集路径，以减小副栅上的载流子传输至主栅的传输电阻。应理解，电极结构所包括的副栅的数量、规格、以及相邻两条副栅之间的间距，可以根据实际需求进行设置，此处不做具体限定。
在一种可选方式中，参见图4，多条副栅22可以包括至少一条连续的第一副栅220以及至少一条非连续的第二副栅221。第一副栅220与主栅连接线相交，每条第二副栅221包括沿第二方向延伸且依次排布多个副栅段2210，副栅段2210与搭接线相交。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，参见图4，由于第二副栅221为非连续的，此时，可以降低制作第二副栅221时导电材料的消耗量，以降低制作副栅时导电材料的总消耗量，进而可以降低太阳能电池的制造成本。接着，相比于现有技术中第一副栅220的高度大于或等于焊点且第一副栅220距离焊点过近的情况，由于第一副栅220与主栅连接线相交，每条第二副栅221包括沿第二方向延伸且依次排布多个副栅段2210，副栅段2210与搭接线相交。此时，可以减少或避免焊带无法与焊点准确连接的情况发生，进而确保焊带与主栅正常连接。
示例性的，上述副栅的宽度可以是50微米至150微米，例如可以是50 微米、60微米、80微米、100微米或150微米等。相连两个副栅之间的间距可以是0.6毫米至1.8毫米，例如可以是0.6毫米、0.8毫米、1毫米、1.2毫米、1.5毫米或1.8毫米等。沿第一方向，第一副栅与焊点之间设置有四个第二副栅。
在一种可选方式中，上述主栅线的宽度与副栅的宽度之比为(1.5-2.5)：1，例如，可以是1.5:1、1.7:1、2:1或2.5:1等。主栅线的宽度方向平行于第二方向，副栅的宽度方向平行于第一方向。采用上述技术方案的情况下，可以根据实际需要设置不同宽度的主栅线和副栅，增加了主栅线和副栅宽度的选择性。此时，使电极结构可以适用于不同的应用场景，扩大了其适用范围。在实际使用过程中，可以预先设置好主栅线的宽度，之后利用提前设置好的主栅线宽度与副栅宽度的比值，选择副栅的宽度。
在一种可选方式中，上述主栅接线和副栅可以为立体的梯形结构。此时，主栅线的高宽比可以是1：(6-8)，例如1：6、1：7、1：7.5或1：8等。副栅的高宽比可以是1：(1-5)，例如1：1、1：1.7、1：2、1：3、1：4或1：5等。
作为一种可能的实现方式，参见图7，上述电极结构还可以包括在每条主栅两端的端部连接线23以及连接每个端部连接线23且沿第一方向朝向电池片主体边缘延伸的至少一个辅栅24。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，参见图7，上述端部连接线23和辅栅24可以和焊点或主栅线一样收集电池片主体在该处所产生的载流子。并且，由于太阳能电池的边缘部分具有一定的脆性，其受热后容易破碎。基于此，由于在本申请实施例中，上述辅栅24无须与焊带焊接。此时，可以防止太阳能电池的边缘部分在串联焊接过程中因热焊接工艺的温度较高而发生破碎。基于此，不仅可以提高太阳能电池的安全性和稳定性，同时还可以提高太阳能电池的生产良率。
示例性的，上述电极结构包括的辅栅的数量可以根据实际需要进行设置。在本申请实施例中，参见图7，每一个电极结构包括两个辅栅24。
上述辅栅的上表面的形状多种多样，上述“上表面”指代的是俯视太阳能电池时所看到的辅栅的表面。下面以两种可能的形状为例进行描述，应理解，以下描述仅用于理解，不用于具体限定。
在一种可选方式中，上述辅栅的上表面为长方形，至于辅栅具体的规格可以根据实际进行设置，在此不做具体限定。
在另一种可选方式中，参见图7，沿着靠近电池片主体边缘方向，辅栅24的宽度逐渐减小，辅栅24的宽度方向平行于第二方向。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，参见图7，由于越靠近电池片主体边缘位置电流越小，越靠近电池片主体内部区域电流越大。因此，在本申请实施例中将辅栅24的形状设计为，沿着靠近电池片主体边缘方向，辅栅24的宽度逐渐减小。此时，不仅可以保证电流的收集效果，进而确保太阳能电池的电池效率。同时，还可以节省制作辅栅24的导电材料，以降低导电材料的消耗量，进而降低太阳能电池的制造成本。
示例性的，靠近电池片主体边缘位置的辅栅的宽度为0.2毫米至0.6毫米，例如，0.2毫米、0.3毫米、0.36毫米、0.4毫米、0.56毫米或0.6毫米等。上述靠近电池片主体中间区域的端部连接线的宽度为0.5毫米至1.5毫米，例如，0.5毫米、0.6毫米、0.7毫米、0.8毫米、1毫米或1.5毫米等。靠近电池片主体边缘位置的辅栅的宽度小于或等于靠近电池片主体中间区域的端部连接线的宽度。在本申请实施例中，上述靠近电池片主体边缘位置的辅栅的宽度为0.3毫米，靠近电池片主体中间区域的端部连接线的宽度为1毫米。
在一种可选方式中，参见图8，上述电极结构还可以包括加强件25，加强件25设置于相邻两个辅栅24之间。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，参见图8，由于太阳能电池的边缘部分具有一定的脆性，在使用过程中易隐裂。基于此，由于在本申请实施例中，相邻两个辅栅24之间设置有加强件25。此时，利用上述加强件25可以增加太阳能电池的边缘部分的强度，以降低其隐裂的概率，进而提高太阳能电池的质量。
示例性的，参见图8，上述加强件25的尺寸、制作所采用的材料可以根据实际情况进行设置，在此不做具体限定。例如，沿第一方向，上述加强件25的长度等于相邻的四个副栅中从第一个副栅到第四个副栅的距离。上述加强件25采用铝浆印制形成，由于铝的单价较低，此时可以降低加强件25的制作成本。
在一种可选方式中，参见图7至图9，上述电极结构还可以包括端部焊点26，相应端部焊点26沿长度方向的两端分别与相邻两个端部连接线23搭接，端部焊点26的长度方向平行于第二方向。
采用上述技术方案的情况下，参见图7至图9，在本申请实施例中由于 端部焊点26与端部连接线23搭接并未与辅栅24搭接，此时，可以防止太阳能电池的边缘部分在与辅栅24搭接的端部焊点26处焊接焊带时因热焊接工艺的温度较高而发生破碎。基于此，不仅可以提高太阳能电池的安全性和稳定性，同时还可以提高太阳能电池的生产良率。此外，上述端部焊点26的形状可以和前文描述的焊点的形状一致，在此不做具体限定。
示例性的，参见图9，沿第二方向，上述端部焊点26的长度为0.6毫米至2毫米，例如，0.6毫米、0.7毫米、0.8毫米、1毫米、0.15毫米或2毫米等。沿第一方向，上述端部焊点26的宽度为0.12毫米至1.5毫米，例如，0.12毫米、0.32毫米、0.8毫米、1毫米、1.25毫米或1.5毫米等。沿第二方向，上述端部焊点26与端部连接线23搭接处的宽度W2为50微米至200微米，例如，50微米、65微米、80微米、100微米、150微米或200微米等。在本申请实施例中，上述端部焊点26的长度为1.6毫米，端部焊点26的宽度为0.4毫米，搭接处的宽度W2为100微米。
作为一种可能的实现方式，上述用于制作主栅和副栅的导电材料可以是金属，例如，银浆、铝浆、银铝浆或铜等。
示例性的，当主栅和副栅均采用铝浆制作形成时，由于铝浆的导电性相比于银浆的导电性差，为了获得与采用银浆制成的主栅和副栅相同的导电效果，需要增加主栅和副栅的面积。相比于本申请实施例中采用银浆制作的主栅和副栅，此时，增加了主栅和副栅对电池片主体的遮挡面积。基于此，采用铝浆制成的电极结构优先应用于太阳能电池的背面。可以理解的是，相比于主栅和副栅面积的增长幅度，银的单价和铝的单价之间的差距更大。因此，在制造铝浆制成的电极结构时，可以降低太阳能电池的制造成本。
作为一种可能的实现方式，上述主栅和副栅的形成方法可以是印刷烧结、激光转印或电镀等。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种太阳能组件，包括如第一方面所述的太阳能电池。
本申请实施例提供的太阳能组件的有益效果与第一方面所述的太阳能电池的有益效果相同，此处不做赘述。
在上述实施方式的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
需要说明的是，对于方法实施例，为了简单描述，故将其都表述为一 系列的动作组合，但是本领域技术人员应该知悉，本申请实施例并不受所描述的动作顺序的限制，因为依据本申请实施例，某些步骤可以采用其他顺序或者同时进行。其次，本领域技术人员也应该知悉，说明书中所描述的实施例均属于优选实施例，所涉及的动作并不一定都是本申请实施例所必须的。
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本申请的保护之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种太阳能电池，所述太阳能电池包括电池片主体以及形成在所述电池片主体上的电极结构；
    所述电极结构包括多个焊点和n条沿第一方向延伸、且沿第二方向间隔分布的主栅，每条所述主栅包括沿第一方向对称设置的两条主栅线；相应所述焊点沿长度方向的两端分别与相邻两个所述主栅线搭接，所述焊点的长度方向平行于所述第二方向；所述第一方向不同于所述第二方向；相邻两条所述主栅之间的间距为7毫米至13毫米，其中，13≤n≤25，且n为整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池，其中，每条所述主栅线包括主栅连接线，以及与所述主栅连接线连接的搭接线；沿所述第一方向，所述主栅连接线和所述搭接线交替分布；
    相应所述焊点沿长度方向的两端分别与每条所述主栅的相邻两个所述搭接线搭接，所述焊点的长度方向平行于所述第二方向。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述搭接线的宽度大于或等于所述主栅连接线的宽度，所述搭接线的宽度方向和所述主栅连接线的宽度方向均平行于所述第二方向。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿所述第二方向，每条所述主栅的相邻两个所述搭接线之间的间距大于或等于相应的相邻两个所述主栅连接线之间的间距。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿所述第二方向，每条所述主栅的相邻两个所述搭接线之间的间距小于或等于相应的相邻两个所述主栅连接线之间的间距。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿着第二方向，每一所述焊点均呈中间窄两端宽的形状。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿第二方向，每一所述焊点均包括中间区域和两个端部区域；两个所述端部区域分别与所述中间区域的两端连接；沿着远离相应主栅的方向，所述端部区域的宽度逐渐减小；所述远离相应主栅的方向平行于所述第二方向。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的太阳能电池，其中，每一所述中间区域的上表面均为长方形，每一所述端部区域的上表面均为梯形。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述电极结构还包括多条沿所述第二方向延伸、且沿所述第一方向间隔分布的副栅；每条所述主栅与多条所述副栅相交。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池，其中，多条所述副栅包括至少一条连续的第一副栅以及至少一条非连续的第二副栅；
    所述第一副栅与所述主栅连接线相交；每条所述第二副栅包括沿所述第二方向延伸且依次排布多个副栅段，所述副栅段与所述搭接线相交。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述主栅线的宽度与所述副栅的宽度之比为(1.5-2.5)：1；所述主栅线的宽度方向平行于所述第二方向，所述副栅的宽度方向平行于所述第一方向。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述电极结构还包括在每条所述主栅两端的端部连接线以及连接每个所述端部连接线且沿第一方向朝向所述电池片主体边缘延伸的至少一个辅栅。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿着靠近所述电池片主体边缘方向，所述辅栅的宽度逐渐减小；所述辅栅的宽度方向平行于所述第二方向。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述电极结构还包括加强件，所述加强件设置于相邻两个所述辅栅之间。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述电极结构还包括端部焊点；相应所述端部焊点沿长度方向的两端分别与相邻两个所述端部连接线搭接，所述端部焊点的长度方向平行于所述第二方向。
  16. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述主栅连接线的宽度为0.1毫米至0.5毫米；所述搭接线的宽度为0.2毫米至0.6毫米。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述电极结构应用于所述太阳能电池的正电极和/或负电极；和/或，
    所述太阳能电池为整片太阳能电池或分片太阳能电池。
  18. 一种太阳能组件，包括如权利要求1-17任一项所述的太阳能电池。
PCT/CN2023/099520 2022-08-03 2023-06-09 一种太阳能电池和太阳能组件 WO2024027342A1 (zh)

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