WO2023234109A1 - 光学素子および光学素子を含む照明装置 - Google Patents
光学素子および光学素子を含む照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023234109A1 WO2023234109A1 PCT/JP2023/019059 JP2023019059W WO2023234109A1 WO 2023234109 A1 WO2023234109 A1 WO 2023234109A1 JP 2023019059 W JP2023019059 W JP 2023019059W WO 2023234109 A1 WO2023234109 A1 WO 2023234109A1
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- stretching direction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
- G02F1/133757—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle with different alignment orientations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to an optical element and a lighting device including the optical element.
- a lighting device that includes a light source and an optical element that can arbitrarily control the area irradiated with light from the light source.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an optical element having a liquid crystal layer and a pair of comb-shaped electrodes. By creating a potential difference between the pair of comb-shaped electrodes, the orientation of liquid crystal molecules within the liquid crystal layer changes, thereby forming a refractive index distribution within the liquid crystal layer. By appropriately controlling this refractive index distribution, the liquid crystal layer functions as a lens.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an optical element capable of changing the light distribution state of light incident from a light source, and a lighting device including the optical element.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an optical element including a first liquid crystal cell, a second liquid crystal cell, a third liquid crystal cell, and a fourth liquid crystal cell arranged in order so as to overlap each other.
- Each of the first liquid crystal cell, the second liquid crystal cell, the third liquid crystal cell, and the fourth liquid crystal cell has a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of first electrodes arranged in a stripe shape, and extending in a first stretching direction.
- the first alignment film and the second alignment film have a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of In a situation where no voltage is applied to the second electrode, the liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal layer are configured to be aligned in a first alignment direction and a second alignment direction that intersect with each other.
- the angle between the first orientation direction is within 10°
- the angle between the second stretching direction and the second orientation direction is within 10°.
- the first stretching direction of the first liquid crystal cell forms an angle of 0° or more and 10° or less with respect to the first stretching direction of the second liquid crystal cell. It makes an angle of 80° or more and 90° or less with respect to the first stretching direction.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an optical element including a first liquid crystal cell, a second liquid crystal cell, a third liquid crystal cell, and a fourth liquid crystal cell arranged in order so as to overlap each other.
- Each of the first liquid crystal cell, the second liquid crystal cell, the third liquid crystal cell, and the fourth liquid crystal cell has a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of first electrodes arranged in a stripe shape, and extending in a first stretching direction.
- the first alignment film and the second alignment film have a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of In a situation where no voltage is applied to the second electrode, the liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal layer are configured to be aligned in a first alignment direction and a second alignment direction that intersect with each other.
- the angle between the first stretching direction and the first alignment direction is 10°.
- the angle between the second stretching direction and the second orientation direction is within 10°.
- the angle between the first stretching direction and the first alignment direction is 80° or more and 90° or less
- the angle between the second stretching direction and the second alignment direction is The angle is 80° or more and 90° or less.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded perspective view of a lighting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a part of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a portion of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a portion of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a portion of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a portion of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic end view illustrating the operation of the optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic end view illustrating the operation of the optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic end view illustrating the operation of the optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic end view illustrating the operation of the optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic end view illustrating the operation of the optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a part of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic end view illustrating the operation of the optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic end view illustrating the operation of the optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic end view of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the expression "a certain structure is exposed from another structure” means that a part of a certain structure is not covered by another structure; The portion not covered by the body also includes embodiments covered by another structure. Furthermore, the aspect expressed by this expression includes an aspect in which a certain structure is not in contact with another structure.
- a lighting device 100 including an optical element 110 which is one embodiment of the present invention, will be described.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic exploded perspective view of the lighting device 100.
- the lighting device 100 basically includes a light source 102 and an optical element 110 that overlaps with the light source 102.
- the light source 102 is configured to irradiate light onto the optical element 110, and includes one or more light emitting elements (not shown). Examples of the light emitting device include organic or inorganic light emitting devices (LEDs).
- An organic LED is a light-emitting element in which a luminescent organic compound is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes
- an inorganic LED is a light-emitting element in which a luminescent organic compound is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes
- an inorganic LED is a light-emitting element in which a luminescent organic compound is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
- This is a light-emitting element in which an inorganic light-emitting material such as gallium phosphide is sandwiched.
- the light source 102 is configured so that the optical element 110 is irradiated with collimated light having relatively high directivity.
- the optical element 110 includes a plurality of liquid crystal cells 120 that overlap the light source 102 and overlap each other. Although there is no restriction on the number of liquid crystal cells 120, it is preferable that two, four, or more liquid crystal cells 120 are included in one optical element 110. Adjacent liquid crystal cells 120 are bonded together using a light-transmitting adhesive layer that is not shown in FIG. Although details will be described later, each liquid crystal cell 120 is composed of a pair of substrates and structures such as electrodes and a liquid crystal layer provided between them, and has a function of diffusing light from the light source 102.
- the main surface formed by the substrate will be referred to as an xy plane, and the direction perpendicular to the xy plane will be referred to as a z direction.
- the optical element 110 overlaps the light source 102 in the z-direction, and the plurality of liquid crystal cells 120 also overlap each other in the z-direction.
- a first liquid crystal cell 120-1, a second liquid crystal cell 120-2, a third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and a fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 are arranged in this order from the light source 102 side. This will be explained using the example shown below.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B A schematic top view of the liquid crystal cell 120 viewed from the light source 102 side is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- the counter substrate 124 of the pair of substrates (substrate 122 and counter substrate 124) is omitted.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams of end faces taken along chain lines AA' and BB' in FIGS. 2A and 2B, respectively.
- each liquid crystal cell 120 includes a plurality of first electrodes 130 provided on a substrate 122, a first alignment film 140 on the plurality of first electrodes 130, and a first alignment film 140 on the plurality of first electrodes 130.
- a liquid crystal layer 128 on the film 140, a second alignment film 142 on the liquid crystal layer 128, a plurality of second electrodes 132 on the second alignment film 142, and a counter substrate 124 on the plurality of second electrodes 132. include.
- Substrate and counter substrate The substrate 122 and the counter substrate 124 are bonded to each other via a sealing material 126 provided in a frame shape, and each has a plurality of first electrodes 130 and a plurality of second electrodes 132. It functions as a base material for supporting, and also seals the liquid crystal layer 128. Since the substrate 122 and the counter substrate 124 exhibit an illumination function by transmitting the light from the light source 102, it is preferable that they include a material that exhibits high transmittance to the light from the light emitting element 114. Therefore, it is preferable that the substrate 122 and the counter substrate 124 include glass, quartz, or a polymeric material such as polyimide, polycarbonate, polyester, or acrylic resin.
- the substrate 122 and the opposing substrate 124 may be configured to have a strength that will not be deformed by external force, or may be configured to be elastically deformed. As shown in FIG. 1, the substrate 122 and the counter substrate 124 are such that a part of the main surface of the substrate 122 is exposed from the counter substrate 124 to the light source 102 side, and a part of the main surface of the counter substrate 124 is exposed from the substrate 122 to the light source 102 side. It may be joined so that it is exposed on the opposite side.
- the plurality of first electrodes 130 are arranged on the substrate 122 so as to be in contact with the substrate 122 or via an undercoat (not shown).
- the undercoat can be formed by one or more films containing silicon-containing inorganic compounds such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide.
- the first electrode 130 is made of a conductive material that exhibits high transmittance to visible light, such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) or indium-zinc oxide (IZO), in order to impart high transparency to the liquid crystal cell 120. It is preferable to form it with a chemical oxide.
- the first electrode 130 may be formed of a mesh-like metal thin film having a plurality of openings so that the light from the light source 102 can pass therethrough.
- the plurality of first electrodes 130 extend in the same direction and are arranged in a stripe shape.
- the length of each first electrode 130 depends on the size of the optical element 110, but is selected from a range of, for example, 5 cm or more and 15 cm or less or 1 cm or more and 10 cm or less. do it.
- the interval between two adjacent first electrodes 130 may be selected, for example, from the range of 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or 3 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m.
- the plurality of second electrodes 132 are also provided on the counter substrate 124 (under the counter substrate 124 in FIGS. 3A and 3B; the same applies hereinafter) directly or via an undercoat.
- the second electrode 132 is also formed of a conductive oxide that exhibits high transmittance to visible light, such as ITO or IZO, or is formed in the form of a mesh having a plurality of openings. It is preferable to use a thin metal film.
- the plurality of second electrodes 132 also extend in the same direction and are arranged in stripes.
- each second electrode 132 length in the extending direction of the second electrode 132 may also be selected from the range of 5 cm to 15 cm, or 1 cm to 10 cm. Further, the interval between two adjacent second electrodes 132 may be selected from the range of, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or 3 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m.
- the plurality of first electrodes 130 and second electrodes 132 are provided so as to intersect with each other.
- the extending direction of the first electrode 130 and the extending direction of the second electrode 132 may be perpendicular to each other, it is preferable that these directions are not completely perpendicular.
- the angle between the extending direction of the first electrode 130 and the extending direction of the second electrode 132 may be set in a range of 80° or more and less than 90°.
- a pulsed AC voltage (AC rectangular wave) is applied to the plurality of first electrodes 130.
- the AC voltage is applied so that the phases are reversed between two adjacent first electrodes 130.
- a pulsed alternating current voltage is applied to the plurality of second electrodes 132 so that the phases are reversed between two adjacent second electrodes 132.
- the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 are configured so that the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 are driven independently. Therefore, it is possible to apply an alternating voltage only to the first electrode 130 and not to apply a voltage to the second electrode 132, or to supply a constant voltage, and vice versa.
- every other first electrode 130 selected from the plurality of first electrodes 130 is connected to the first wiring 134-1, and the remaining first electrodes 130 are also connected to the first wiring 134-1. It is connected to a second wiring 134-2 different from the wiring 134-1 (see FIG. 2A).
- the first wiring 134-1 and the second wiring 134-2 are exposed from the opposing substrate 124 on the substrate 122, respectively, and form terminals 136-1 and 136-2.
- An AC voltage is applied from an external circuit (not shown) through these terminals 136-1 and 136-2.
- every other second electrode 132 selected from the plurality of second electrodes 132 is also connected to the third wiring 134-3, and the remaining second electrodes 132 are also connected to the third wiring 134-3.
- the third wiring 134-3 and the fourth wiring 134-4 are exposed from the substrate 122 on the counter substrate 124 to form terminals 136-3 and 136-4, respectively.
- An alternating current voltage is applied from an external circuit (not shown) via 4.
- the liquid crystal layer 128 contains liquid crystal molecules.
- the structure of liquid crystal molecules is not limited. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules may be nematic liquid crystals or smectic liquid crystals.
- As the liquid crystal molecules a positive liquid crystal whose dielectric constant in the long axis direction is larger than the dielectric constant in the direction perpendicular to the long axis is used.
- the liquid crystal layer 128 is sandwiched between the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142 and sealed in a space formed by the substrate 122, the counter substrate 124, and the sealant 126.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 128, that is, the distance between the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142 is also arbitrary, but it should be larger than the pitch of the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132. is preferred.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 128 is set to be at least 2 times and at most 10 times, at least 2 times and at most 5 times, or at least 2 times and at most 3 times the pitch of the first electrode 130 or the second electrode 132. It is preferable.
- the specific thickness of the liquid crystal layer 128 may be selected from the range of, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 60 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- a spacer may be provided within the liquid crystal layer 128 to maintain this thickness throughout each liquid crystal cell 120. Note that if the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 128 described above is adopted in a liquid crystal display device, it will not be possible to obtain the high responsiveness necessary for displaying moving images, and it will be difficult to perform the function as a liquid crystal display device. Become.
- the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142 contain a polymer such as polyimide or polyester, and sandwich the liquid crystal layer 128 therebetween.
- the first alignment film 140 is configured to align liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal layer 128 in a certain direction in a situation where no potential difference is generated between adjacent first electrodes 130.
- the second alignment film 142 is configured to align the liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal layer 128 in a certain direction in a situation where no potential difference is generated between the adjacent second electrodes 132.
- an alignment direction may be imparted by, for example, rubbing treatment.
- the alignment direction may be imparted to the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142 by photoalignment.
- Photoalignment is a rubbing-less alignment process using light, and for example, polarized light in the ultraviolet region is irradiated from a predetermined direction onto an alignment film that has not been subjected to a rubbing process. This causes a photoreaction in the alignment film, introduces anisotropy to the surface of the alignment film, and imparts the ability to control liquid crystal alignment.
- the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142 are arranged so that their alignment directions are perpendicular to each other or the angle between them is 80° or more and 90° or less. (see white arrows 144, 146 in FIG. 4).
- the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the first alignment film 140 are arranged in the stretching direction of the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the alignment direction of the first alignment film 140 (white arrows 144 ) may be arranged so that they are parallel to each other, or, as shown in FIG. Good too.
- the angle between the stretching direction of the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the orientation direction of the first alignment film 140 is greater than 0° and less than 10°, more than 1° and less than 5°, or more than 1°. It may be selected from a range of 3° or less.
- the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules twist when a transverse electric field is generated can be fixed, thereby improving the responsiveness of the liquid crystal molecules. Moreover, it is possible to prevent disturbances in the refractive index distribution of the liquid crystal layer 128 due to variations in the rotation direction of liquid crystal molecules.
- the relationship between the plurality of second electrodes 132 and the second alignment film 142 is also similar. That is, the plurality of second electrodes 132 and the second alignment film 142 may be arranged such that the extending direction of the plurality of second electrodes 132 is parallel to the alignment direction of the second alignment film 142. Often, the stretching direction of the plurality of second electrodes 132 is tilted from the orientation direction of the second alignment film 142 by more than 0° and less than 10°, more than 1° and less than 5°, or more than 1° and less than 3°.
- the inclination between the stretching direction of the plurality of second electrodes 132 and the alignment direction of the second alignment film 142 improves the responsiveness of the liquid crystal molecules and precisely controls the refractive index distribution of the liquid crystal layer 128. can do.
- the angle formed by the stretching direction of the electrode and the orientation direction of the alignment film covering the electrode is in a relationship of 0° to 10° or less, "the stretching direction of the electrode and the orientation direction of the alignment film are aligned". It can be called.
- each first electrode 130 refers to the direction from the intersection with the first wiring or the second wiring to the tip of the first electrode 130 when the entire first electrode 130 has a linear shape.
- the direction is up to.
- each first electrode 130 can have a bent structure including a plurality of straight portions.
- the stretching direction of at least one straight portion is tilted from the orientation direction of the first alignment film 140 in a range of greater than 0° and less than 10°, more than 1° and less than 5°, or more than 1° and less than 3°.
- a plurality of first electrodes 130 are arranged as shown in FIG. The same applies to the second electrode 132.
- each second electrode 132 can also have a bent structure including a plurality of straight parts, and in this case, the extending direction of at least one straight part is 0.000000000000 from the orientation direction of the second alignment film 142.
- the plurality of second electrodes 132 are arranged so as to be inclined in a range of greater than 1° and less than 10°, 1° and more than 5°, or 1° and more and 3° or less.
- each liquid crystal cell 120 in order to more precisely regulate the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules, a linear side (side 130a in FIG. 6) inclined from the alignment direction of the first alignment film 140 is provided at the tip.
- all or at least one first electrode 130 is configured.
- all or at least one of the first electrodes 130 be configured so that the tip has an acute angle.
- the extending direction of the second electrode 132 and the alignment direction of the second alignment film 142 may be parallel to each other or may be inclined to each other.
- the alignment directions of the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142 may be perpendicular to each other, or may be deviated from perpendicular to intersect with each other. Therefore, when referring to one direction in the following explanation, it refers not only to a direction parallel to that direction, but also to a range of greater than 0° and less than or equal to 10°, greater than or equal to 1° and less than or equal to 5°, or greater than or equal to 1° and less than or equal to 3°. Including the direction of inclination.
- a direction perpendicular to one direction refers not only to a direction perpendicular to that direction, but also to a direction that intersects at an angle of 80° or more and less than 90°, 85° or more and 89° or less, or 87° or more and 89° or less. include.
- a direction parallel to a direction means not only a direction parallel to that direction, but also a range greater than 0° and less than 10°, more than 1° and less than 5°, or more than 1° and less than 3° from that direction. This includes directions tilted at an angle of .
- first liquid crystal cells 120-1 to fourth liquid crystal cells 120-4 having the same structure are arranged so as to overlap each other, and adjacent liquid crystal cells 120 They are bonded by an adhesive layer 160 that is transparent to the substrate.
- the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2 have the same arrangement. Specifically, in both the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, a plurality of first electrodes 130 extend in one direction (here, the y direction), and a plurality of second electrodes 130 extend in one direction (here, the y direction).
- the electrodes 132 are arranged so as to extend in a direction (here, the x direction) intersecting that direction. Therefore, in each of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, the alignment directions of the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142 are the y direction and the x direction, respectively.
- the extending directions of the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the plurality of second electrodes 132 are orthogonal to each other, and
- the alignment direction is parallel to the alignment direction of the alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142.
- the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 have the same arrangement, they have a different arrangement from the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 or the second liquid crystal cell 120-2.
- the plurality of first electrodes 130 extend in the x direction
- the plurality of second electrodes 132 extend in the y direction. It is arranged so that it stretches. Therefore, in each of the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, the alignment directions of the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142 are the x direction and the y direction, respectively.
- the extending directions of the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the plurality of second electrodes 132 are orthogonal to each other, and the respective first orientations are It is parallel to the alignment direction of the film 140 and the second alignment film 142.
- the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 may be completely parallel to the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, but if these directions are The angle formed may be greater than 0° and less than 10°, more than 1° and less than 5°, or more than 1° and less than 3°.
- the stretching direction of the second electrode 132 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 may be completely parallel to the stretching direction of the second electrode 132 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2; The angle formed by the angle may be greater than 0° and less than 10°, more than 1° and less than 5°, or more than 1° and less than 3°.
- the stretching direction of the second electrode 132 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 may be completely perpendicular to the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, but if these directions are The angle formed may be 80° or more and less than 90°, 85° or more and 89° or less, or 87° or more and 89° or less.
- the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 may be completely perpendicular to the stretching direction of the second electrode 132 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2;
- the angle formed by the angle may be 80° or more and less than 90°, 85° or more and 89° or less, or 87° or more and 89° or less.
- the extending directions of the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 may be shifted from each other within the xy plane. By forming such a shift, interference of light can be suppressed and uneven illuminance can be prevented from occurring. Also between the second liquid crystal cell 120-2 and the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and between the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, the first electrode 130 and the A similar relationship may be established for the extending direction of the second electrode 132.
- Light distribution control by optical element (1) Diffusion of light in each liquid crystal cell
- the optical element 110 described above diffuses the light emitted from the light source 102 in a certain direction. Therefore, by individually driving a plurality of liquid crystal cells 120, the light from the light source 102 is changed into an arbitrary shape, and as a result, the light distribution of the lighting device 100 is controlled so that the lighting device 100 illuminates the object.
- the shape of the area to be irradiated (hereinafter referred to as irradiation area) can be arbitrarily controlled.
- irradiation area the principle of light diffusion in one liquid crystal cell 120 will be explained.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are schematic end views showing the state of one liquid crystal cell 120 when not driven.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic end view viewed from the y direction
- FIG. 8B is a schematic end view viewed from the x direction.
- liquid crystal molecules are represented by open ellipses or circles.
- the case where the liquid crystal cell 120 is not driven is the case where no voltage is applied to the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the plurality of second electrodes 132, or a case where a constant voltage is applied. In this case, no transverse electric field is generated between the plurality of first electrodes 130 or between the plurality of second electrodes 132.
- the liquid crystal molecules are aligned according to the alignment directions of the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142. Therefore, near the substrate 122, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the alignment direction of the first alignment film 140 (here, the y direction), and as they approach the counter substrate 124, they turn around the z direction as a central axis and are twisted by 90 degrees.
- One aspect of driving the liquid crystal cell 120 is to adjust the phase between the adjacent first electrodes 130 and the second electrodes 132 with respect to the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the plurality of second electrodes 132.
- a pulsed AC voltage is applied so that the voltage is reversed.
- the frequency of the alternating current voltage is the same.
- the AC voltage may be selected, for example, from a range of 3V or more and 50V or less, or 3V or more and 30V or less.
- the extending directions of the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 are perpendicular or intersect in the range of 80° or more and less than 90°, 85° or more and 89° or less, or 87° or more and 89° or less, so that the AC voltage is applied.
- transverse electric fields are generated between the adjacent first electrodes 130 and between the adjacent second electrodes 132, which are perpendicular to each other or intersect with each other in a range of 80° or more and less than 90°.
- an electric field vertical electric field
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 128 is compared with the distance between the adjacent first electrodes 130 and the second electrode 132. And big. Therefore, since the longitudinal electric field is significantly smaller than the transverse electric field and can be ignored, each liquid crystal molecule is aligned according to the transverse electric field.
- a component (polarized component) 152 of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 128 from the opposing substrate 124 of the liquid crystal cell 120 that is parallel to the transverse electric field formed by the second electrode 132 is diffused.
- Other polarized light components 154 are transmitted.
- the liquid crystal cell 120 by driving the liquid crystal cell 120 to form an electric field between the adjacent first electrodes 130 and to form an electric field between the adjacent second electrodes 132, the liquid crystal molecules near each substrate are affected by the electric field. It rotates along the orientation (for example, in a direction perpendicular to the orientation direction when not driven).
- the orientation state achieved when not driven that is, the twisted state in which the orientation of liquid crystal molecules gradually rotates as it moves from the substrate 122 toward the counter substrate 124 when viewed from the z direction, is disrupted, and both Polarized light components 152 and 154 do not undergo optical rotation even if they pass through liquid crystal layer 128. Therefore, the polarized light components 152 and 154 maintain their polarization directions before and after passing through the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, and the refractive index distribution due to the liquid crystal molecules aligned in a direction that matches the direction of each polarized light component is maintained. to be influenced.
- the polarized light component 152 in the y direction is diffused in the y direction under the influence of the refractive index distribution of liquid crystal molecules on the opposing substrate 124 side, but the polarization axis does not change in the x direction.
- the polarized light component 154 in the x direction is influenced by the refractive index distribution of the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate 122 side and diffuses in the x direction, but the polarization axis does not change in the y direction.
- Another aspect of driving the liquid crystal cell 120 is that a pulsed AC voltage is applied to one of the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the plurality of second electrodes 132, and no voltage is applied to the other. , or a mode in which a constant voltage is applied. Even in this case, the AC voltage is applied so that the phases are reversed between the adjacent first electrodes 130 or between the adjacent second electrodes 132.
- a pulsed alternating voltage is applied to the plurality of first electrodes 130
- liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the direction of the transverse electric field on the substrate 122 side, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a convex arc shape between the adjacent first electrodes 130.
- the liquid crystal molecules assume an upwardly convex alignment along the y direction, which is the direction of the transverse electric field.
- the twisted state of the liquid crystal molecules when not driven is eliminated, and neither of the polarized light components 152 and 154 rotates even though they pass through the liquid crystal layer 128. Therefore, in this embodiment, only polarized light component 154 can be selectively diffused while maintaining the polarization directions of both polarized light components 152 and 154.
- one component of the incident light here, the polarized component 152
- the other polarized component 154 is not diffused. Further, both polarized light components 152 and 154 do not rotate.
- the liquid crystal cell 120 maintains the polarization direction of both polarization components 152 and 154 by forming a transverse electric field in one of the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the plurality of second electrodes 132, while maintaining one of the polarization directions of the polarization components 152 and 154. can selectively diffuse polarized light components.
- the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132, the orientation direction of the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142, and the first electrode with respect to the light from the light source 102 entering from the counter substrate 124 side summarizes the effects of whether or not the electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 are driven.
- Table 1 the arrangement of the liquid crystal cell 120 (i.e., the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132, or the orientation direction of the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142) and the By appropriately selecting whether or not to drive the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132, the two polarized light components can be diffused independently, or the two polarized light components can be optically rotated simultaneously. be.
- the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 to the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 can be driven independently, and each liquid crystal cell 120 can also be driven independently.
- the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the plurality of second electrodes 132 can be driven independently. Therefore, in the optical element 110 according to the present embodiment, the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the plurality of second electrodes 132 of the first to fourth liquid crystal cells 120-1 to 120-4 are driven as appropriate. By doing so, the light from the light source 102 can be changed into an arbitrary shape.
- each liquid crystal cell 120 is driven as shown in Table 2. That is, the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 of all the liquid crystal cells 120 are driven.
- the y-direction polarized component of the incident light is diffused in the y-direction once each by the four liquid crystal cells 120, a total of four times.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is also diffused in the x direction a total of four times.
- the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area to light that provides a cross-shaped irradiation area.
- the spectral state is scattered by that amount, so that coloring of the light can be prevented.
- the lengths of the cross shape in the x direction and the y direction can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the alternating current voltage applied to the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132.
- the hyphen in Table 2 means that the incident light is transmitted without being diffused or optically rotated unless otherwise specified (the same applies in the following tables).
- some of the four liquid crystal cells 120 may be driven.
- the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 are driven.
- the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 of the third liquid crystal cell are not driven.
- the y-direction polarization component of the incident light is polarized by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, respectively.
- the polarized light component in the x direction of the incident light is diffused in the x direction and polarized in the x direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, respectively.
- the irradiation area of the light source 102 can be greatly expanded while maintaining its shape. Furthermore, coloring of the light can be prevented by diffusing each polarized light component many times (for example, three or more times).
- some of the four liquid crystal cells 120 may be driven as shown in Table 4.
- the second electrodes 132 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the first electrode 130 of the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 are driven.
- the y-direction polarization component of the incident light is diffused in the y-direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2
- the x-direction polarization component of the incident light is The light is diffused in the y direction by the No. 4 liquid crystal cell 120-4.
- the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed into light that provides a line-shaped irradiation area extending in the y direction.
- some of the four liquid crystal cells 120 may be driven as shown in Table 5.
- the first electrode 130 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the second electrode 132 of the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 are driven.
- the y-direction polarization component of the incident light is rotated by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 to become an x-polarization component, and is further diffused in the x-direction by the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4.
- the x-direction polarized component of the incident light is diffused in the x-direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and is further optically rotated by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 to y. gives the polarization component of the direction.
- the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed into light that provides a line-shaped irradiation area extending in the x direction.
- the illumination device 100 it is possible to change the light incident from the light source 102 into light that provides an arbitrary shaped irradiation area using the optical element 110. Furthermore, since each polarized component of the incident light can be diffused many times (for example, three or more times), it is possible to prevent coloring of light whose light distribution has changed, and to reproduce the color of the light from the light source 102. be able to. In this way, the lighting device 100 can achieve sophisticated light distribution control without coloring the light.
- the first to fourth liquid crystal cells 120-1 to 120-4 included in the optical element 110 have the same structure. Further, in each liquid crystal cell 120, the extending direction of the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the alignment direction of the first alignment film 140 are parallel or form an angle of 0° or more and 10° or less, and the plurality of second electrodes 132 The stretching direction and the orientation direction of the second orientation film 142 are also parallel to each other or form an angle of 0° or more and 10° or less.
- At least one of the first to fourth liquid crystal cells 120-1 to 120-4 included in the optical element 112 has the same configuration as the liquid crystal cell 120 described in the first embodiment.
- the others have different structures.
- a liquid crystal cell having a different structure both polarized light components of the incident light rotate regardless of whether or not the optical element 112 is driven. Therefore, hereinafter, a liquid crystal cell having a different structure will also be referred to as an optically rotating liquid crystal cell.
- the stretching direction of the plurality of first electrodes 130 and the orientation direction of the first alignment film 140 are perpendicular to each other or at an angle of 80° or more and 90° or less.
- the extending direction of the plurality of second electrodes 132 and the orientation direction of the second alignment film 142 are also perpendicular to each other or at an angle of 80° or more and 90° or less (see arrows 148 and 150 in FIG. 12).
- the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 and the stretching direction of the second electrode 132 are perpendicular to each other or form an angle of 80° or more and 90° or less, and the first alignment film
- the alignment films 140 and the second alignment film 142 are also perpendicular to each other or form an angle of 80° or more and 90° or less.
- the term “electrode” is used.
- the stretching direction of the alignment film intersects with the alignment direction of the alignment film.
- the liquid crystal molecules are aligned according to the alignment directions of the first alignment film 140 and the second alignment film 142, as shown in FIG. 13A, so the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is as follows. Near the substrate 122, the first alignment film 140 is aligned in the x direction (in this case, the If the orientation directions of both orientation films are orthogonal, the orientation will be twisted by 90°). As a result, the light emitted from the light source 102 does not diffuse and only rotates when the liquid crystal cell 120 is not driven, so that the shape of the light emitted from the light source 102 is reflected in the shape of the irradiation area. Furthermore, when the light source 102 emits collimated light with relatively high directivity, a relatively narrow area can be selectively irradiated.
- the polarized component parallel to the transverse electric field formed by the second electrode 132 is diffused within the liquid crystal layer 128 on the second electrode 132 side. Thereafter, the light rotates in the liquid crystal layer 128 and further diffuses within the liquid crystal layer 128 on the first electrode 130 side. In this manner, in the optically rotating liquid crystal cell 121, optical rotation occurs simultaneously with diffusion during driving. Note that, similarly to the liquid crystal cell 120, by applying an AC voltage to only one of the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132, it is also possible to selectively diffuse only one polarized light component in one direction. Further, even when an AC voltage is applied to only one of the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132, the twist of the liquid crystal molecules about the z direction is maintained, so both polarized light components rotate.
- the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 is at an angle of 0° or more and 10° or less with respect to the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2.
- the first liquid crystal cell 120 is arranged so as to form an angle of 80° or more and 90° or less with respect to the extending direction of the first electrode 130 of the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4. -1 to fourth liquid crystal cells 120-4 may be arranged.
- any one or two of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 may be used as an optical rotation liquid crystal cell. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which:
- the driving method for such optical element 112 may be determined as appropriate, and the light from light source 102 can be changed into various shapes by selecting the driving method.
- light from the light source 102 is incident on the optical element 112 from the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 side, and the optical element 112 is driven as shown in Table 6. That is, the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the second electrode of the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, which is the optical rotation liquid crystal cell 121, drive the electrode 132 of.
- the polarized light component in the y direction of the incident light is diffused in the y direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2 without optical rotation, and then functions as the optical rotation liquid crystal cell 121.
- the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 rotate the light twice and return it to a polarized light component in the y direction.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is polarized three times in total by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 functioning as the optical rotation liquid crystal cell 121.
- the light While being diffused, the light is rotated twice by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, and returns to a polarized light component in the x direction.
- the polarized light components in the x and y directions can be diffused multiple times in the x and y directions, respectively, so that the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed into light that provides a cross-shaped irradiation area. I can do it.
- each polarized light component is diffused many times (at least three times for the polarized light component in the x direction), coloring of the light can also be effectively suppressed.
- all four liquid crystal cells 120 may be driven. That is, the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 of all the liquid crystal cells 120 including the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 functioning as the optically rotating liquid crystal cell 121 may be driven. Due to such driving, the polarized light component in the y direction of the incident light is not rotated by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, respectively. The light is diffused in the y direction, the y direction, and the x direction, and is rotated by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 (ie, the optical rotation liquid crystal cell 121) to become a polarized light component in the x direction.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is diffused in the x direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the polarized light component in the 3, and further diffused in the y direction by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4.
- the incident light can be diffused in the x and y directions while maintaining a circular irradiation area.
- each polarized light component is diffused many times (at least three times), coloring of the light can also be effectively suppressed.
- the optical element 112 may be driven as shown in Table 8. That is, the second electrodes 132 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2 are driven, and the first electrodes 132 of the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 are driven. Electrode 130 may also be driven. In this case, the polarized light component in the y direction of the incident light is diffused in the y direction without being rotated by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the polarized light component in the y direction of the incident light is diffused in the y direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is diffused in the y direction by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, and rotated by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 to form the polarized light component in the y direction.
- the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed into light that provides a line-shaped irradiation area that extends in the y direction.
- the optical element 112 may be driven as shown in Table 9. That is, the first electrodes 130 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2 are driven, and the second electrodes of the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 are driven. Electrode 132 may also be driven. In this case, the polarized light component in the y direction of the incident light is diffused in the x direction without being rotated by the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, and the polarized light component in the y direction of the incident light is diffused in the x direction by the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-3 (i.e., the optical rotation liquid crystal cell 121). The light rotates and becomes a polarized light component in the x direction.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is diffused in the x direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and is diffused in the x direction and optically rotated by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3.
- the light changes into y-component light.
- the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed into light that provides a line-shaped irradiation area that extends in the x direction.
- at least one polarized light component (the polarized light component in the x direction) is also diffused many times (at least three times), coloring of the light can also be effectively suppressed.
- the structure of the optical element 112 is not limited to this, and may include a plurality of optically rotating liquid crystal cells 121.
- the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2 may be optically rotating liquid crystal cells 121.
- the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 is at an angle of 0° or more and 10° or less with the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2.
- the fourth liquid crystal cells 120-1 to 120-4 may be arranged.
- the method of driving the optical element 112 according to Modification 1 is also arbitrary, it may be driven as shown in Table 10, for example. That is, the second electrode 132 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4. The first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 may be driven.
- the polarized component in the y direction of the incident light is diffused in the y direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, and then Since the light is rotated twice by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, it provides a polarized light component in the y direction that is diffused three times in the y direction.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is diffused in the x direction by the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, and Since the light is rotated twice by the liquid crystal cell 1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, it provides a polarized light component in the x direction that is diffused three times in the x direction.
- the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed to light that provides a cross-shaped irradiation area.
- both polarized light components are diffused many times (at least three times), coloring of the light can also be effectively suppressed.
- Modification example 2 When using the optical rotation liquid crystal cell 121 as the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the second liquid crystal cell 120-2 as in Modification 1, as shown in FIG.
- the extending direction of the electrode 130 of the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 forms an angle of 0° or more and 10° or less with respect to the extending direction of the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-2.
- the first to fourth liquid crystal cells 120-1 to 120-4 are arranged so as to form an angle of 80° or more and 90° or less with respect to the extending direction of the first electrode 130 of the liquid crystal cell 120-4. It's okay.
- the method for driving the optical element 112 according to the second modification is also arbitrary, for example, as shown in Table 11, the same driving method as in the first modification may be adopted. That is, the second electrode 132 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4. The first electrode 130 and the second electrode 132 may be driven. In this case, the polarized light component in the y direction of the incident light is diffused in the y direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 to the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4. Since the light is rotated twice by the liquid crystal cell 120-2, it provides a polarized light component in the y direction that is diffused four times in the y direction.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is diffused in the x direction by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, and Since the light is rotated twice by As a result, the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed to light that provides a cross-shaped irradiation area. Furthermore, since at least one polarized component is diffused many times (at least three times), coloring of the light can also be effectively suppressed.
- Modification example 3 When two optically rotating liquid crystal cells 121 are used as in Modifications 1 and 2, as shown in FIG. Good too.
- the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 is at an angle of 0° or more and 10° or less with respect to the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2.
- the first liquid crystal is arranged at an angle of 80° or more and 90° or less with respect to the extending direction of the first electrode 130 of the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4.
- Cells 120-1 to 4th liquid crystal cells 120-4 may be arranged.
- the optical element 112 may be driven as shown in Table 12, for example. That is, it is not necessary to drive the second electrodes 132 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, but not to drive the other electrodes.
- the polarized light component in the y direction of the incident light is diffused in the y direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, and is further rotated four times by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 to the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4. Since the light is emitted, a polarized light component in the y direction that is diffused once in the y direction is provided.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is diffused in the x direction by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and rotated four times by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 to the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4. gives the x-direction polarization component that is diffused once.
- the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed to light that provides a cross-shaped irradiation area.
- Modification example 4 When two optically rotating liquid crystal cells 121 are used as in Modifications 1 to 3, as shown in FIG. Good too.
- the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 is 0° or more and 10° with respect to the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2.
- the first A fourth liquid crystal cell 120-1 to a fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 may be arranged.
- the optical element 112 may be driven as shown in Table 13, for example. That is, the first electrode 130 of the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the second electrode of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4. 132 and not drive the other electrodes.
- the y-direction polarized component of the incident light is diffused in the y-direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and Since the light is rotated three times by the liquid crystal cell 120-2 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, it provides a polarized light component in the x direction that is diffused twice in the y direction.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is diffused in the x direction by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, and , and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, the light is rotated three times, giving a polarized light component in the y direction that is diffused twice in the x direction.
- the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed to light that provides a cross-shaped irradiation area.
- Modification example 5 When using optical rotation liquid crystal cells 121 as the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 as in modification 4, as shown in FIG.
- the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 is 0° with respect to the stretching direction of the first electrode 130 of the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4.
- the first liquid crystal cell 120-1 to the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4 may be arranged so as to form an angle of 10° or less.
- the method for driving the optical element 112 according to Modification 5 is also arbitrary, for example, as shown in Table 14, the same driving method as in Modification 4 may be adopted. That is, the first electrode 130 of the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the second electrode of the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4. 132 and not drive the other electrodes.
- the polarized component in the y direction of the incident light is diffused in the y direction by the first liquid crystal cell 120-1, the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, and Since the light is rotated three times by the liquid crystal cell 120-1, the second liquid crystal cell 120-2, and the fourth liquid crystal cell 120-4, it provides a polarized light component in the x direction that is diffused three times in the y direction.
- the polarized light component in the x direction is diffused in the x direction by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3, and the polarized light component in the x direction is diffused in the x direction by the third liquid crystal cell 120-3.
- the light rotates three times, giving a polarized light component in the y direction that is diffused once in the x direction.
- the incident light that provides a circular irradiation area can be changed to light that provides a cross-shaped irradiation area.
- at least one polarized component is diffused many times (at least three times), coloring of the light can also be effectively suppressed.
- the light from the light source 102 can be changed into light that provides an arbitrary irradiation area. Furthermore, by appropriately selecting the structure and arrangement of the plurality of liquid crystal cells 120 in the optical elements 110 and 112, it is possible to suppress coloring of light whose light distribution has changed. Therefore, the lighting device 100 including the optical elements 110 and 112 according to the embodiment of the present invention can function as a lighting device that can provide various illumination areas.
- the embodiments described above as embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in appropriate combinations as long as they do not contradict each other.
- the present invention also applies to display devices in which a person skilled in the art appropriately adds, deletes, or changes the design of components based on the display device of each embodiment, or adds, omit, or changes conditions in a process. As long as it has the gist, it is within the scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態では、本発明の実施形態の一つである光学素子110を含む照明装置100について説明する。
図1に照明装置100の模式的展開斜視図を示す。図1に示すように、照明装置100は、基本的な構成として、光源102、および光源102と重なる光学素子110を備える。光源102は光学素子110に対して光を照射するように構成され、図示しない一つまたは複数の発光素子を含む。発光素子としては、有機または無機発光素子(LED)が例示される。有機LEDは、一対の電極間に発光性有機化合物が挟持された発光素子であり、無機LEDは、一対の電極間にアルミニウムガリウムヒ素、ガリウムヒ素リン、インジウム窒化ガリウム、窒化ガリウム、アルミニウム窒化ガリウム、リン化ガリウムなどの無機発光材料が挟持された発光素子である。光源102は、指向性の比較的高いコリメート光が光学素子110に照射されるように構成することが好ましい。
液晶セル120の光源102側から見た模式的上面図を図2Aと図2Bに示す。図2Aでは、一対の基板(基板122と対向基板124)のうち対向基板124が省略されている。図2Aと図2Bの鎖線A-A´、B-B´に沿った端面の模式図がそれぞれ図3Aと図3Bである。
基板122と対向基板124は、枠状に設けられる封止材126を介して互いに接合されており、それぞれ複数の第1の電極130と複数の第2の電極132を支持するための基材として機能するとともに、液晶層128を封止する。基板122と対向基板124は、光源102からの光を透過して照明機能を発現するため、発光素子114からの光に対して高い透過率を示す材料を含むことが好ましい。したがって、例えばガラスや石英、またはポリイミドやポリカルボナート、ポリエステル、アクリル樹脂などの高分子材料を含むように基板122と対向基板124を構成することが好ましい。基板122と対向基板124は、外部からの力によって変形しない強度を有するように構成してもよく、あるいは弾性変形するように構成してもよい。図1に示すように、基板122と対向基板124は、基板122の主面の一部が対向基板124から光源102側に露出し、対向基板124の主面の一部が基板122から光源102に対して反対側に露出するように接合してもよい。
図3Aと図3Bに示すように、複数の第1の電極130は、基板122と接するように、あるいは図示しないアンダーコートを介して基板122上に設けられる。アンダーコートは、窒化ケイ素や酸化ケイ素などのケイ素含有無機化合物を含む一つまたは複数の膜によって形成することができる。第1の電極130は、液晶セル120に高い透光性を付与するため、インジウム-スズ酸化物(ITO)やインジウム-亜鉛酸化物(IZO)などの可視光に対して高い透過率を示す導電性酸化物で形成することが好ましい。あるいは、光源102からの光が透過可能なように、複数の開口を有するメッシュ状の金属薄膜で第1の電極130を構成してもよい。図2Aから理解されるように、複数の第1の電極130は、互いに同一の方向に延伸するとともに、ストライプ状に配置される。各第1の電極130の長さ(第1の電極130の延伸方向の長さ)は、光学素子110の大きさにも依存するが、例えば5cm以上15cm以下または1cm以上10cm以下の範囲から選択すればよい。隣り合う二つの第1の電極130の間隔は、例えば1μm以上30μmまたは3μm以上20μmの範囲から選択すればよい。
液晶層128には液晶分子が含まれる。液晶分子の構造は限定されない。したがって、液晶分子はネマチック液晶でもよく、あるいはスメクチック液晶でもよい。液晶分子としては、長軸方向の誘電率が長軸に対して垂直な方向の誘電率よりも大きいポジ型液晶が用いられる。液晶層128は、第1の配向膜140と第2の配向膜142に挟まれるように、基板122、対向基板124、および封止材126によって形成される空間に封止される。
本実施形態における第1の液晶セル120-1から第4の液晶セル120-4の配置について、図7の模式的端面図を用いて説明する。以下の説明では、第1の電極130と第2の電極132の延伸方向、および第1の配向膜140と第2の配向膜142の配向方向を互いに直交するx方向とy方向を用いて説明するが、上述したように、各液晶セル120において、第1の電極130の延伸方向と第1の配向膜140の配向方向は平行でもよく、互いに傾いてもよい。同様に、各液晶セル120において、第2の電極132の延伸方向と第2の配向膜142の配向方向は平行でもよく、互いに傾いてもよい。さらに、各液晶セル120において、第1の配向膜140と第2の配向膜142の配向方向は直交してもよく、あるいは垂直からずれるように交差してもよい。したがって、以下の説明において一つの方向を指す場合には、当該方向に平行な方向のみならず、0°より大きく10°以下、1°以上5°以下、または1°以上3°以下の範囲で傾く方向も含む。また、一つの方向に直交する方向とは、当該方向に垂直な方向のみならず、80°以上90°未満、85°以上89°以下、または87°以上89°以下の角度で交差する方向を含む。同様に、一つの方向に平行な方向とは、当該方向に平行な方向のみならず、当該方向から0°より大きく10°以下、1°以上5°以下、または1°以上3°以下の範囲の角度で傾く方向も含む。
(1)各液晶セルにおける光の拡散
上述した光学素子110は、光源102から照射される光を一定方向に拡散する。このため、複数の液晶セル120を個別に駆動することで、光源102からの光を任意の形状に変化させ、その結果、照明装置100の配光を制御して照明装置100が対象物を照射する領域(以下、照射領域)の形状を任意に制御することができる。ここでは、一つの液晶セル120における光の拡散の原理について説明する。
一つの液晶セル120の非駆動時の状態を表す模式的端面図を図8Aと図8Bに示す。図8Aはy方向から見た模式的端面図であり、図8Bはx方向から見た模式的端面図である。以下の図では、液晶分子は白抜きの楕円または円で表されている。
液晶セル120の駆動時の一つの態様は、複数の第1の電極130と複数の第2の電極132に対し、隣り合う第1の電極130間と第2の電極132間で位相が反転するようにパルス状の交流電圧が印加される態様である。それぞれの液晶セル120内で、交流電圧の周波数は同一である。交流電圧は、例えば3V以上50V以下、または3V以上30V以下の範囲から選択すればよい。第1の電極130と第2の電極132の延伸する方向は直交または80°以上90°未満、85°以上89°以下、または87°以上89°以下の範囲で交差するので、交流電圧の印加により、隣り合う第1の電極130間および隣り合う第2の電極132間に、互いに直交するまたは80°以上90°未満の範囲で交差する横電界が発生する。第1の電極130と第2の電極132間でも電界(縦電界)が発生するが、液晶層128の厚さは、隣り合う第1の電極130間や第2の電極132間の間隔と比較して大きい。このため、縦電界は横電界に対して著しく小さく、無視することができるので、各液晶分子は横電界に従って配向する。
上述したように、第1の液晶セル120-1から第4の液晶セル120-4は、それぞれ独立して駆動することができ、さらに各液晶セル120においても、複数の第1の電極130と複数の第2の電極132を独立して駆動することができる。このため、本実施形態に係る光学素子110では、第1の液晶セル120-1から第4の液晶セル120-4の複数の第1の電極130と複数の第2の電極132を適宜駆動させることで、光源102からの光を任意の形状に変化させることができる。
本実施形態では、光学素子110とは構造が異なる光学素子112について説明する。第1実施形態で述べた構成と同様または類似する構成については説明を割愛することがある。
第1実施形態で述べたように、光学素子110に含まれる第1の液晶セル120-1から第4の液晶セル120-4は互いに同一の構造を備える。また、各液晶セル120において、複数の第1の電極130の延伸方向と第1の配向膜140の配向方向は平行または0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、複数の第2の電極132の延伸方向と第2の配向膜142の配向方向も平行または0°以上10°以下の角度をなす。
上述した光学素子112は三つの液晶セル120と一つの旋光液晶セル121を含むが、光学素子112の構造はこれに限られず、複数の旋光液晶セル121を含んでもよい。例えば、図15に示すように、第1の液晶セル120-1と第2の液晶セル120-2が旋光液晶セル121であってもよい。この場合には、第1の液晶セル120-1の第1の電極130の延伸方向は、第2の液晶セル120-2の第1の電極130の延伸方向と0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、第3の液晶セル120-3と第4の液晶セル120-4の第1の電極130の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなすように、第1の液晶セル120-1から第4の液晶セル120-4を配置すればよい。
変形例1のように第1の液晶セル120-1と第2の液晶セル120-2として旋光液晶セル121を用いる場合、図16に示すように、第1の液晶セル120-1の第1の電極130の延伸方向が第3の液晶セル120-3の第1の電極130の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、第2の液晶セル120-2と第4の液晶セル120-4の第1の電極130の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなすように、第1の液晶セル120-1から第4の液晶セル120-4を配置してもよい。
変形例1や2のように二つの旋光液晶セル121を用いる場合、図17に示すように、第1の液晶セル120-1と第3の液晶セル120-3として旋光液晶セル121を用いてもよい。この場合、例えば、第1の液晶セル120-1の第1の電極130の延伸方向が第2の液晶セル120-2の第1の電極130の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、第3の液晶セル120-3と第4の液晶セル120-4の第1の電極130の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなすように、第1の液晶セル120-1から第4の液晶セル120-4を配置してもよい。
変形例1から3のように二つの旋光液晶セル121を用いる場合、図18に示すように、第1の液晶セル120-1と第4の液晶セル120-4として旋光液晶セル121を用いてもよい。この場合には、例えば、第1の液晶セル120-1の第1の電極130の延伸方向が第2の液晶セル120-2の第1の電極130の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、第3の液晶セル120-3と第4の液晶セル120-4の第1の電極130の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなすように、第1の液晶セル120-1から第4の液晶セル120-4を配置してもよい。
変形例4のように第1の液晶セル120-1と第4の液晶セル120-4として旋光液晶セル121を用いる場合には、図19に示すように、第1の液晶セル120-1の第1の電極130の延伸方向が第2の液晶セル120-2、第3の液晶セル120-3、および第4の液晶セル120-4の第1の電極130の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなすように第1の液晶セル120-1から第4の液晶セル120-4を配置してもよい。
Claims (18)
- 互いに重なるように順に配置された第1の液晶セル、第2の液晶セル、第3の液晶セル、および第4の液晶セルを備え、
前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの各々は、
ストライプ状に配列され、第1の延伸方向に延伸する複数の第1の電極、
前記複数の第1の電極上の第1の配向膜、
前記第1の配向膜上の液晶層、
前記液晶層上の第2の配向膜、および
前記第2の配向膜上に位置し、ストライプ状に配列され、前記第1の延伸方向に交差する第2の延伸方向に延伸する複数の第2の電極を有し、
前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの各々において、
前記第1の配向膜と前記第2の配向膜は、前記複数の第1の電極と前記複数の第2の電極に電圧が印加されない状況では、前記液晶層に含まれる液晶分子を互いに交差する第1の配向方向と第2の配向方向にそれぞれ配向するように構成され、
前記第1の延伸方向と前記第1の配向方向の間の角度は10°以内であり、
前記第2の延伸方向と前記第2の配向方向の間の角度は10°以内であり、
前記第1の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向は、前記第2の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、前記第3の液晶セルと前記第4の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなす、光学素子。 - 前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの各々において、
前記複数の第1の電極は、隣り合う前記第1の電極間で逆位相となるように第1の交流電圧が印加されるように構成され、
前記複数の第2の電極は、隣り合う前記第2の電極間で逆位相となるように第2の交流電圧が印加されるように構成される、請求項1に記載の光学素子。 - 前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの少なくとも一つにおいて、
前記複数の第1の電極と前記複数の第2の電極の各々は、複数の直線部を有するように屈曲する、請求項1に記載の光学素子。 - 前記複数の第1の電極の各々において、前記複数の直線部の少なくとも一つの延伸方向は、前記第1の配向方向から傾き、
前記複数の第2の電極の各々において、前記複数の直線部の少なくとも一つの延伸方向は、前記第2の配向方向から傾く、請求項3に記載の光学素子。 - 前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの少なくとも一つにおいて、
前記複数の第1の電極の少なくとも一つの先端は鋭角を有し、
前記複数の第2の電極の少なくとも一つの先端は鋭角を有する、請求項1に記載の光学素子。 - 請求項1に記載の前記光学素子、および
前記光学素子の上に位置し、前記第1の液晶セル側に配置された光源を備える照明装置。 - 互いに重なるように順に配置された第1の液晶セル、第2の液晶セル、第3の液晶セル、および第4の液晶セルを備え、
前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの各々は、
ストライプ状に配列され、第1の延伸方向に延伸する複数の第1の電極、
前記複数の第1の電極上の第1の配向膜、
前記第1の配向膜上の液晶層、
前記液晶層上の第2の配向膜、および
前記第2の配向膜上に位置し、ストライプ状に配列され、前記第1の延伸方向と交差する第2の延伸方向に延伸する複数の第2の電極を有し、
前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの各々において、
前記第1の配向膜と前記第2の配向膜は、前記複数の第1の電極と前記複数の第2の電極に電圧が印加されない状況では、前記液晶層に含まれる液晶分子を互いに交差する第1の配向方向と第2の配向方向にそれぞれ配向するように構成され、
前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの少なくとも一つの液晶セルにおいて、
前記第1の延伸方向と前記第1の配向方向の間の角度は10°以内であり、
前記第2の延伸方向と前記第2の配向方向の間の角度は10°以内であり、
前記少なくとも一つの液晶セル以外の液晶セルにおいて、
前記第1の延伸方向と前記第1の配向方向の間の角度は80°以上90°以下であり、
前記第2の延伸方向と前記第2の配向方向の間の角度は80°以上90°以下である、光学素子。 - 前記少なくとも一つの液晶セルは前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、および前記第3の液晶セルを含み、
前記第1の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向は、前記第2の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、前記第3の液晶セルと前記第4の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなす、請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 前記少なくとも一つの液晶セルは前記第3の液晶セルと前記第4の液晶セルを含み、
前記第1の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向は、前記第2の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、前記第3の液晶セルと前記第4の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなす、請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 前記少なくとも一つの液晶セルは前記第3の液晶セルと前記第4の液晶セルを含み、
前記第1の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向は、前記第3の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、前記第2の液晶セルと前記第4の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなす、請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 前記少なくとも一つの液晶セルは前記第2の液晶セルと前記第4の液晶セルを含み、
前記第1の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向は、前記第2の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、前記第3の液晶セルと前記第4の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなす、請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 前記少なくとも一つの液晶セルは前記第2の液晶セルと前記第3の液晶セルを含み、
前記第1の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向は、前記第2の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなし、前記第3の液晶セルと前記第4の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して80°以上90°以下の角度をなす、請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 前記少なくとも一つの液晶セルは前記第2の液晶セルと前記第3の液晶セルを含み、
前記第1の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向は、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの前記第1の延伸方向に対して0°以上10°以下の角度をなす、請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの各々において、
前記複数の第1の電極は、隣り合う前記第1の電極間で逆位相となるように第1の交流電圧が印加されるように構成され、
前記複数の第2の電極は、隣り合う前記第2の電極間で逆位相となるように第2の交流電圧が印加されるように構成される、請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの少なくとも一つにおいて、
前記複数の第1の電極と前記複数の第2の電極の各々は、複数の直線部を有するように屈曲する、請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 前記複数の第1の各々において、前記複数の直線部の少なくとも一つの延伸方向は、前記第1の配向方向から傾き、
前記複数の第2の各々において、前記複数の直線部の少なくとも一つの延伸方向は、前記第2の配向方向から傾く、請求項15に記載の光学素子。 - 前記第1の液晶セル、前記第2の液晶セル、前記第3の液晶セル、および前記第4の液晶セルの少なくとも一つにおいて、
前記複数の第1の電極の少なくとも一つは鋭角の先端を有し、
前記複数の第2の電極の少なくとも一つは鋭角の先端を有する、請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 請求項7に記載の前記光学素子、および
前記光学素子の上に位置し、前記第1の液晶セル側に配置された光源を備える照明装置。
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US20190204640A1 (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2019-07-04 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal grating, control method thereof and display device |
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US20190204640A1 (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2019-07-04 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal grating, control method thereof and display device |
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