WO2023189030A1 - 熱硬化性樹脂組成物、樹脂硬化物および複合成形体 - Google Patents
熱硬化性樹脂組成物、樹脂硬化物および複合成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
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- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/092—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/686—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing nitrogen
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- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/3735—Laminates or multilayers, e.g. direct bond copper ceramic substrates
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- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
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- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/302—Conductive
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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- B32B2307/538—Roughness
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- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
- C08K2003/382—Boron-containing compounds and nitrogen
- C08K2003/385—Binary compounds of nitrogen with boron
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermosetting resin composition that can form a thermally conductive resin sheet as a sheet-like cured product having thermal conductivity and insulation properties, particularly a thermosetting resin composition containing boron nitride aggregate particles.
- the present invention relates to a cured resin product and a composite molded product using the composition.
- a power semiconductor device is generally used as a power semiconductor module in which a plurality of semiconductor devices are arranged on a common heat sink and packaged.
- thermally conductive resin sheet has been proposed as a sheet-shaped cured product of a thermosetting resin composition containing a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin and a conductive inorganic filler.
- boron nitride sometimes abbreviated as "BN"
- agglomerated particles as a conductive filler are insulating ceramics and have excellent thermal conductivity, solid lubricity, chemical stability, and heat resistance.
- this material has attracted particular attention in the field of electrical and electronic materials.
- boron nitride aggregate particles tend to absorb resin due to their particle structure, so it has been difficult to further increase thermal conductivity by using only boron nitride aggregate particles as the conductive filler. Therefore, for example, it has been common to use a combination of boron nitride aggregate particles and other conductive inorganic particles.
- Patent Document 1 describes a thermally conductive resin sheet containing an epoxy resin with a Tg of 60°C or less and boron nitride, with a boron nitride content of 30°C.
- a heat dissipating resin sheet having a content of at least 60 volume% by volume has been proposed, and in reality, boron nitride agglomerated particles having a card house structure and boron nitride particles having a non-card house structure are used together as the inorganic filler. (See Examples).
- Patent Document 2 discloses a heat dissipation sheet containing an agglomerated inorganic filler and a resin, in which the agglomerated inorganic fillers are in contact with each other and an outer edge that is a contact interface between the agglomerated inorganic fillers is observed in a cross-sectional observation in the thickness direction of the heat dissipation sheet.
- a heat dissipation sheet has been proposed in which the agglomerated inorganic fillers come into surface contact with each other and form linear parts by being deformed and/or destroyed during sheet molding, and in reality, the inorganic filler has a card house structure. Boron nitride agglomerated particles and spherical alumina particles were used together (see Examples).
- the surface of the adherend (e.g. copper plate) to which a thermally conductive resin sheet is bonded is often roughened and has an uneven structure for the purpose of anchoring to improve adhesion.
- a surface is also called a "roughened surface”
- a sheet using conventional boron nitride aggregate particles on an adherend having such a roughened surface that is, a sheet containing a combination of boron nitride aggregate particles and other conductive inorganic particles as described above. It has been found that when laminated, voids are generated between the sheet and the roughened surface of the adherend, reducing adhesion, and therefore voltage resistance may be reduced.
- an object of the present invention is to press a thermally conductive resin sheet into close contact with an adherend having a roughened surface, even if the pressure is low.
- Boron nitride agglomerated particles are used to form a thermally conductive resin sheet that can suppress the generation of voids between the adherend and the sheet even with a low pressure press of less than 70 kgf/ cm2 .
- An object of the present invention is to provide a thermosetting resin composition containing the following.
- the present inventor relates to a thermosetting resin composition containing an epoxy resin as a main component resin and containing boron nitride aggregate particles as an inorganic filler, in a thermosetting resin composition containing an inorganic filler and a thermosetting resin. It has been found that the above problem can be solved by limiting the content ratio of inorganic fillers other than boron nitride aggregate particles and by limiting the content of boron nitride aggregate particles to a predetermined range. That is, the present invention proposes a thermosetting resin composition, a cured resin product, and a composite molded article having the following configurations.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a thermosetting resin composition containing an epoxy resin as a main component resin and containing boron nitride aggregate particles as an inorganic filler,
- the proportion of the boron nitride aggregated particles in the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition is 40% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less, and the proportion of the boron nitride aggregated particles in the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition is A thermosetting resin composition characterized in that the proportion of an inorganic filler is 7% by volume or less.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a thermosetting resin composition according to the first aspect, which contains at least one compound having imidazole as the curing catalyst.
- a third aspect of the present invention is the thermosetting resin composition according to the first or second aspect, which has a thermal conductivity of 12 W/mK or more after thermosetting.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is the thermosetting resin composition according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the epoxy resin includes a polymer having a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 or more.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention is a thermosetting resin according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the epoxy resin includes a polyfunctional epoxy resin, and the polyfunctional epoxy resin has a molecular weight of 650 or less. It is a synthetic resin composition.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is the thermosetting resin composition according to the fifth aspect, wherein the polyfunctional epoxy resin is a polyfunctional epoxy resin having three or more epoxy groups per molecule. .
- a seventh aspect of the present invention is a thermosetting resin composition used for laminating on a roughened surface of a metal member having a roughened surface, according to any one of the first to sixth aspects.
- the roughened surface has a surface roughness Ra value of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and a surface roughness Rz value of 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less, as measured according to JIS B 0601 (2001). It is a thermosetting resin composition.
- the eighth aspect of the present invention is that the surface roughness Ra value measured according to JIS B 0601 (2001) is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and the surface roughness Rz value is 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less.
- a thermosetting resin composition is laminated on the roughened surface of a metal member having a roughened surface by heat pressing at a pressure of less than 70 kgf/cm 2 and a temperature of 40 to 300° C. when pressurized, to obtain the roughened surface of the metal member.
- the interfacial peeling rate is 0.8% or less when the laminated interface between the metal member and the sheet-like cured product is observed using a SEM cross-sectional image, and the above-mentioned
- the breakdown voltage (BDV) of the composite molded product is 5kV or more
- a ninth aspect of the present invention is the thermosetting resin composition according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, wherein the boron nitride aggregate particles include boron nitride aggregate particles having a house of cards structure. It is a thing.
- a tenth aspect of the present invention is the sheet-like thermosetting resin composition according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or more and 400 ⁇ m or less.
- An eleventh aspect of the present invention is a cured resin product using the thermosetting resin composition of any one of the first to tenth aspects.
- a twelfth aspect of the present invention is a composite molded article having the cured resin of the eleventh aspect and a metal member.
- the metal member has a surface roughness Ra value of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less as measured according to JIS B 0601 (2001). It is a composite molded article having a roughened surface with a surface roughness Rz value of 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less.
- a fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the composite molded article according to the twelfth or thirteenth aspect, wherein the metal member is made of copper.
- a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is a cured resin product containing aggregated boron nitride particles as an inorganic filler, wherein the proportion of the aggregated boron nitride particles in the cured resin is 40% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less.
- the cured resin is characterized in that the proportion of inorganic filler other than boron nitride aggregate particles in the cured resin is 7% by volume or less.
- the 16th aspect of the present invention is a surface roughness Ra value measured according to JIS B0601 (2001) of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and a surface roughness Rz value of 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less.
- a composite molded article comprising a metal member having a roughened surface and a cured resin material provided on the roughened surface, wherein the cured resin material is the cured resin material of the eleventh or fifteenth aspect.
- the seventeenth aspect of the present invention is a surface roughness Ra value measured according to JIS B0601 (2001) of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and a surface roughness Rz value of 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less.
- a composite molded article having a cured resin layer provided on the roughened surface of a metal member having a roughened surface The interfacial peeling rate when observing the laminated interface between the metal member and the cured resin layer of the composite molded body using an SEM cross-sectional image is 0.8% or less,
- the dielectric breakdown voltage (BDV) of the composite molded body is 5 kV or more,
- the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of the cured resin layer is 12 W/mK or more,
- the resin cured product is a composite molded article containing boron nitride aggregate particles.
- An eighteenth aspect of the present invention is the seventeenth aspect, wherein the cured resin layer is made of a cured resin containing boron nitride aggregate particles as an inorganic filler.
- the sheet formed by molding the thermosetting resin composition proposed by the present invention is pressure-pressed and brought into close contact with an adherend having a roughened surface, it is possible to press the sheet with low pressure, specifically pressurization. Even with a low-pressure press with a pressure of less than 70 kgf/ cm2 , it can deform by following the irregularities of the roughened surface of the adherend. It is possible to suppress the generation of voids between the adhesive and the cured product, and it is possible to improve the adhesion to the roughened surface of the adherend and the voltage resistance without impairing the thermal conductivity.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a particle cross-sectional view of an example of boron nitride agglomerated particles having a card house structure. It is a figure for explaining the calculation method of the interfacial peeling rate in the Example mentioned later.
- (A) is a cross-sectional SEM photographed in Example 1, which will be described later, and shows the composite molded body produced using the sheet-shaped resin composition obtained in Example 1.
- (B) is an enlarged view of the cross-sectional SEM of the lower joint part and the lower joint part.
- (A) is a cross-sectional SEM photographed in Comparative Example 1, which will be described later, and (B) is an enlarged view thereof.
- thermosetting resin composition is a sheet-shaped cured product of the present thermosetting resin composition, i.e. Improves adhesion when a sheet formed by molding and curing the thermosetting resin composition (also referred to as “thermal conductive resin sheet”) is laminated onto an adherend having a roughened surface.
- thermosetting resin compositions that contain epoxy resin as the main component resin and boron nitride aggregate particles as an inorganic filler, and limit the content ratio of inorganic fillers other than boron nitride aggregate particles.
- the present invention is characterized in that the content of boron nitride agglomerated particles is limited to a predetermined range.
- thermally conductive resin sheets use boron nitride aggregate particles and non-agglomerated boron nitride aggregate particles or alumina as conductive fillers. It has usually been used in combination with other inorganic fillers such as particles.
- inorganic fillers other than boron nitride agglomerated particles such as aluminum oxide particles, aluminum nitride particles, and boron nitride particles, are harder and less deformable than boron nitride agglomerated particles.
- thermally conductive resin sheets When thermally conductive resin sheets are laminated by pressure pressing, they cannot deform to follow the unevenness of the roughened surface of the adherend, and there is a gap between the thermally conductive resin sheet and the roughened surface of the adherend. In some cases, voids were formed and the adhesion deteriorated. Therefore, by limiting the content of inorganic fillers other than boron nitride aggregate particles and limiting the content of boron nitride aggregate particles to a predetermined range, it is possible to laminate the material onto an adherend with a roughened surface using a low-pressure press. Even when using a thermally conductive resin sheet, it is possible to suppress the generation of voids between the adherend and the thermally conductive resin sheet to improve adhesion, and to suppress a decrease in thermal conductivity. It was made so that it could be done.
- the above-mentioned "roughened surface” means a non-smooth surface having an uneven structure, and a typical example is a surface roughness measured according to JIS B 0601 (2001), as described later.
- a surface having an Ra value of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less and a surface roughness Rz value of 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less can be mentioned.
- thermosetting resin composition means a resin composition that has the property of being cured by heat. In other words, it is sufficient that the resin composition has curability that leaves room for curing by heat, and may be one that has already been cured (also referred to as “temporary curing") to a state that leaves room for curing. However, it may be in a state that has not yet been cured (referred to as “uncured”).
- the present thermosetting resin composition may be in the form of powder, slurry, liquid, or solid, or may be a molded article in any shape such as a sheet.
- the present thermosetting resin composition can be molded into a sheet and cured to form a sheet-like cured product, that is, the present thermally conductive resin sheet.
- the present thermosetting resin composition contains an epoxy resin as a thermosetting resin as a main component resin, contains boron nitride aggregate particles as an inorganic filler, and optionally contains an inorganic filler other than boron nitride aggregate particles,
- the composition preferably contains a thermosetting resin other than the epoxy resin, and if necessary, further contains other polymers, curing agents, curing accelerators, organic solvents, and other components.
- main component resin is the component with the highest mass percentage of the total solid content excluding inorganic fillers from the present thermally conductive resin composition, and
- the mass proportion of the component resins may be 30% by mass or more, especially 50% by mass or more, especially 70% by mass or more, especially 80% by mass or more, and even more than 90% by mass (including 100% by mass).
- the term “resin” refers to organic compounds excluding low molecular weight organic compounds, for example, organic compounds with a molecular weight of 100 or more. Therefore, for example, “epoxy resin” can be read as “epoxy compound,””main component resin” can be read as “main component organic compound,” and "thermosetting resin” can be read as "thermosetting compound.”
- Boron nitride agglomerated particles are particles formed by agglomerating primary particles made of boron nitride.
- This thermosetting resin composition has few problems of moisture absorption during hot molding, is low in toxicity, can efficiently increase thermal conductivity, and has high insulation properties in this thermally conductive resin sheet. It is preferable to contain boron nitride agglomerated particles as a thermally conductive filler because of the fact that they can be applied.
- the shape of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is preferably spherical.
- the agglomerated structure of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is preferably a card house structure from the viewpoint of improving thermal conductivity. Therefore, the boron nitride aggregate particles preferably include boron nitride aggregate particles having a house of cards structure. That is, the agglomerated structure of the boron nitride agglomerated particles may be a structure other than the card house structure. However, at this stage, it is preferable to have an agglomerated structure of boron nitride agglomerated particles. Note that the agglomerated structure of the boron nitride agglomerated particles can be confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the card house structure is one in which plate-like particles are laminated in a complicated manner without orientation, and is described in "Ceramics 43 No. 2" (published by the Ceramics Association of Japan in 2008). More specifically, it refers to a structure in which a flat surface of a primary particle forming an aggregated particle is in contact with an end surface of another primary particle existing within the aggregated particle.
- a schematic diagram of the card house structure is shown in Figure 1.
- the agglomerated particles having the card house structure have extremely high breaking strength due to their structure, and do not collapse even in the pressurizing process performed during sheet molding of the present thermally conductive resin sheet. Therefore, the primary particles, which are normally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the thermally conductive resin sheet, can be made to exist in random directions.
- boron nitride aggregate particles having a house of cards structure can be produced, for example, by the method described in International Publication No. 2015/119198.
- the particles When using boron nitride aggregate particles having a card house structure, the particles may be surface treated with a surface treatment agent.
- a surface treatment agent for example, a known surface treatment agent such as silane coupling treatment can be used.
- silane coupling treatment can be used.
- the thermally conductive filler consists of boron nitride agglomerated particles with a house of cards structure. The same applies when using . It is thought that by increasing the adhesion of the interface between the thermally conductive filler and the matrix resin through chemical treatment, it is possible to further reduce the thermal conductivity attenuation at the interface.
- the particle size can be increased compared to a thermally conductive filler that uses primary particles as they are.
- the heat transfer path between the thermally conductive fillers through the thermosetting resin with low thermal conductivity can be reduced, and therefore the heat transfer path in the thickness direction can be reduced. Increase in resistance can be reduced.
- the lower limit of the maximum particle diameter of the boron nitride aggregated particles is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 40 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the maximum particle diameter is preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 90 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 15 ⁇ m or more. Further, the thickness is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 90 ⁇ m or less. Since the average particle diameter of the boron nitride aggregate particles is 5 ⁇ m or more, the number of particles is relatively small in the present thermosetting resin composition, the present thermally conductive resin sheet, and the cured product using these. By reducing the number of interparticle interfaces, the thermal resistance becomes smaller, and the thermal conductivity of the present thermally conductive resin sheet can be increased. Moreover, the surface smoothness of the cured product using the present thermosetting resin composition can be improved because the average particle diameter is below the above upper limit.
- the average particle diameter or maximum particle diameter of the boron nitride aggregated particles is equal to or less than the above upper limit, a high-quality film without surface roughness can be formed when the boron nitride aggregated particles are contained in the matrix resin.
- the average particle size or maximum particle size is greater than or equal to the lower limit above, the interface between the matrix resin and the boron nitride aggregate particles is reduced, resulting in a decrease in thermal resistance and high thermal conductivity, which is required for power semiconductor devices. It is possible to obtain a sufficient effect of improving thermal conductivity as a thermally conductive filler.
- the effect of the thermal resistance at the interface between the matrix resin and the boron nitride aggregate particles on the thickness of the thermally conductive resin sheet becomes significant because of the size of the boron nitride aggregate particles relative to the thickness of the thermally conductive resin sheet. This is considered to be a case where the ratio is 1/10 or less.
- this thermally conductive resin sheet with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m is often applied, so from the viewpoint of thermal conductivity, the maximum particle size of boron nitride aggregate particles is the lower limit value above. Larger is preferred.
- the maximum particle diameter of the boron nitride aggregated particles is set to or larger than the above lower limit value, not only is the increase in thermal resistance caused by the interface between the boron nitride aggregated particles and the matrix resin suppressed, but also the necessary The number of heat conduction paths decreases, and the probability of connection from one surface to the other surface increases in the thickness direction of the thermally conductive resin sheet.
- the maximum particle diameter of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is below the above upper limit value, protrusion of the boron nitride agglomerated particles onto the surface of the thermally conductive resin sheet is suppressed, and a good surface shape without surface roughness is achieved. Therefore, when producing a sheet bonded to a copper substrate, it is possible to obtain sufficient adhesion and excellent withstand voltage characteristics.
- the ratio (maximum particle diameter/thickness) of the size (maximum particle diameter) of the boron nitride agglomerated particles to the thickness of the thermally conductive resin sheet is preferably 0.3 or more and 1.0 or less, particularly 0.3 or more. It is more preferably 35 or more or 0.95 or less, more preferably 0.4 or more and 0.9 or less.
- the maximum particle size and average particle size of the boron nitride aggregated particles can be measured, for example, by the following method.
- the maximum particle diameter and average particle diameter of the boron nitride aggregated particles used as a raw material are determined by a sample in which boron nitride aggregate particles are dispersed in a solvent, specifically, a sample in which boron nitride aggregate particles are dispersed in a pure water medium containing a dispersion stabilizer.
- the particle size distribution of the dispersed sample is measured using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer, and the maximum particle size Dmax and average particle size D50 of the boron nitride agglomerated particles can be determined from the obtained particle size distribution.
- Dmax and D50 are the maximum particle size and the cumulative volume 50% particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution obtained by measurement using a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method.
- the maximum particle size and average particle size can also be determined using a dry particle size distribution measuring device such as Morphologi G3 (manufactured by Malvern).
- thermosetting resin is dissolved and removed in a solvent (including a heating solvent), or After reducing the adhesion strength with the boron nitride agglomerated particles by swelling them, they are physically removed, and then the resin component is heated in the atmosphere to ash and removed, and the maximum particle size is reduced using the same method as above. It is possible to measure Dmax and average particle size D50.
- the cross section of the present thermosetting resin composition or the present thermally conductive resin sheet was measured using a scanning electron microscope. It is also possible to directly observe ten or more arbitrary boron nitride agglomerated particles using a microscope, transmission electron microscope, micro-Raman spectrometer, atomic force microscope, etc., and determine the maximum particle size among them. It is also possible to directly observe ten or more arbitrary boron nitride agglomerated particles and determine the arithmetic mean value of the particle diameters. In addition, when the particle is non-spherical, the longest diameter and the shortest diameter are measured, and the average value thereof is taken as the particle diameter of the particle.
- the breaking strength of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is preferably 20 MPa or less, especially 15 MPa or less, and even more preferably 10 MPa or less. Since the breaking strength of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is 20 MPa or less, the portions where the boron nitride agglomerated particles are in contact with each other are deformed and can make surface contact. Therefore, while maintaining high thermal conductivity inside the boron nitride aggregate particles, the contact thermal resistance at the boron nitride aggregate particle interface and the interface between the metal substrate and this thermally conductive resin sheet, which will be described later, is lowered, and the overall thermal conductivity is increased. can be improved.
- the breaking strength of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is too small, the particles tend to be easily deformed by the pressure when producing the molded body, and the thermal conductivity tends not to improve. It is preferably 2.5 MPa or more, especially 3.0 MPa or more, especially 3.5 MPa or more, and even more preferably 4.0 MPa or more.
- breaking strength can be calculated by the following formula by subjecting one particle to a compression test according to JIS R 1639-5. Usually, particles are measured at five or more points and the average value is used.
- Cs 2.48P/ ⁇ d 2
- N Destructive test force (N)
- d particle diameter (mm)
- the elastic modulus of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is preferably 48 MPa or more, especially 50 MPa or more, and even more preferably 55 MPa or more. If the elastic modulus of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is within the above range, it is possible to prevent the boron nitride agglomerated particles from being plastically deformed in the direction of the press pressure and the agglomerated structure from collapsing. On the other hand, the upper limit of the elastic modulus is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining sufficient deformation, the elastic modulus of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is preferably 2000 MPa or less, more preferably 1500 MPa or less, and still more preferably 1000 MPa or less.
- the elastic modulus of the boron nitride agglomerated particles can be calculated from the following formula from the test force at the time the fracture occurs and the compressive displacement at that time using the device used to measure the fracture strength.
- E is the elastic modulus (MPa)
- ⁇ is Poisson’s ratio
- P is the destructive test force (N)
- d is the particle diameter (mm)
- Y is the compressive displacement (mm). It is assumed that Poisson's ratio is constant (0.13). can do.
- the content of boron nitride aggregate particles in the total solid content of the present thermosetting resin composition is preferably 40% by volume or more, more preferably 42% by volume or more, and among them, 44% by volume or more. More preferably, it is at least % by volume. On the other hand, the content is preferably 50% by volume or less, more preferably 49.5% by volume or less, and even more preferably 49% by volume or less.
- the thermosetting resin composition may contain an inorganic filler other than the boron nitride aggregate particles (also referred to as “other inorganic filler”), if necessary.
- the other inorganic filler is preferably particles having thermal conductivity (also referred to as "thermally conductive filler”).
- the thermally conductive filler preferably has a thermal conductivity of 2.0 W/m ⁇ K or more, particularly 3.0 W/m ⁇ K or more, particularly 5.0 W/m ⁇ K or more, particularly 10.0 W/m ⁇ K or more. More preferably, it is 0 W/m ⁇ K or more.
- inorganic fillers examples include electrically insulating fillers made only of carbon, fillers made of metal carbides or semimetal carbides, metal oxides or semimetal oxides, and metal nitrides or semimetal nitrides. can.
- Examples of the electrically insulating filler made only of carbon include diamond (thermal conductivity: about 2000 W/m ⁇ K).
- Examples of the metal carbide or metalloid carbide include silicon carbide (thermal conductivity: approximately 60 to 270 W/m ⁇ K), titanium carbide (thermal conductivity: approximately 21 W/m ⁇ K), and tungsten carbide (thermal conductivity: approximately 21 W/m ⁇ K). approximately 120 W/m ⁇ K).
- metal oxide or metalloid oxide examples include magnesium oxide (thermal conductivity: approximately 40 W/m ⁇ K), aluminum oxide (thermal conductivity: approximately 20 to 35 W/m ⁇ K), zinc oxide (thermal conductivity: approximately 20 to 35 W/m ⁇ K), Conductivity: approx. 54 W/m ⁇ K), yttrium oxide (thermal conductivity: approx. 27 W/m ⁇ K), zirconium oxide (thermal conductivity: approx. 3 W/m ⁇ K), ytterbium oxide (thermal conductivity: approx. 38 .5W/m ⁇ K), beryllium oxide (thermal conductivity: approx.
- metal nitride or metalloid nitride examples include boron nitride (thermal conductivity in the in-plane direction of plate-like particles of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN): about 200 to 500 W/m ⁇ K), aluminum nitride (thermal conductivity: approximately 160 to 285 W/m ⁇ K), silicon nitride (thermal conductivity: approximately 30 to 80 W/m ⁇ K), and the like.
- inorganic fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the volume resistivity of the other inorganic filler at 20° C. is preferably 10 13 ⁇ cm or more, particularly preferably 10 14 ⁇ cm or more.
- metal oxides, metalloid oxides, metal nitrides, and metalloid nitrides are preferred from the standpoint of easily ensuring sufficient electrical insulation of the thermally conductive resin sheet.
- thermally conductive fillers include aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 , volume resistivity: >10 14 ⁇ cm), aluminum nitride (AlN, volume resistivity: >10 14 ⁇ cm) , boron nitride (BN, volume resistivity: >10 14 ⁇ cm), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 , volume resistivity: >10 14 ⁇ cm), silica (SiO 2 , volume resistivity: >10 14 ⁇ cm).
- aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, and boron nitride are preferred, and aluminum oxide and boron nitride are particularly preferred since they can impart high insulation properties to the thermally conductive resin sheet.
- the shape of the inorganic filler may be amorphous particles, spheres, whiskers, fibers, plates, or aggregates or mixtures thereof.
- the shape of the thermally conductive filler of the present invention is preferably spherical.
- “spherical” usually means an aspect ratio (ratio of major axis to minor axis) of 1 or more and 2 or less, preferably 1 or more and 1.75 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 1.5 or less, and even more preferably It means that it is 1 or more and 1.4 or less.
- the aspect ratio is determined by arbitrarily selecting 10 or more particles from an image of a cross section of the thermosetting resin composition or the thermally conductive resin sheet taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and determining the major axis and the diameter of each particle. It can be determined by determining the ratio of the minor axis and calculating the average value.
- the average particle diameter of the other inorganic fillers is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.15 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of increasing thermal conductivity.
- the thickness is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 22 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the other inorganic fillers is preferably 0.01% or more, and preferably 0.02% or more, based on 100% of the average particle size of the boron nitride agglomerated particles.
- the content is more preferably 0.03% or more.
- the content is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 9% or less, and even more preferably 8% or less.
- the cumulative volume 50% particle diameter (D50) in the volume-based particle size distribution obtained by measurement by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method can be adopted.
- D50 cumulative volume 50% particle diameter
- a specific measurement method for a sample in which inorganic particles are dispersed in a solvent, specifically, for a sample in which inorganic particles are dispersed in a pure water medium containing sodium hexametaphosphate as a dispersion stabilizer.
- the particle size distribution is measured using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer LA-920 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.), and the average particle diameter D50 of the inorganic particles can be determined from the obtained particle size distribution.
- the average particle diameter can also be determined using a dry particle size distribution measuring device such as Morphologi G3 (manufactured by Malvern).
- the average particle size of the inorganic filler in the thermosetting resin composition or the thermally conductive resin sheet can be determined by measuring the cross section of the thermosetting resin composition or the thermally conductive resin sheet using a scanning electron microscope or a transmission electron microscope. It can be determined by directly observing ten or more arbitrary boron nitride agglomerated particles using an electron microscope, a Raman spectrometer, an atomic force microscope, etc., and calculating the arithmetic mean value of the diameters of the particles. In addition, when the particle is non-spherical, the longest diameter and the shortest diameter are measured, and the average value thereof is taken as the average particle diameter of the particle.
- the content of other inorganic fillers is preferably 7% by volume or less based on 100% by volume of the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition.
- Other inorganic fillers are harder and less deformable than boron nitride agglomerated particles, so if the sheet is laminated on an adherend with a roughened surface using a low-pressure press, it will follow the irregularities of the roughened surface of the adherend.
- the total volume of the total solid content of this thermosetting resin composition is Based on 100 volume%, it is preferably 7% by volume or less, more preferably 6% by volume or less, even more preferably 5.5% by volume or less, and even more preferably 3% by volume or less. , even more preferably 1% by volume or less, even more preferably 0.5% by volume or less, even more preferably 0.1% by volume or less, and most preferably 0% by volume.
- the content ratio of the content of other inorganic fillers to the content of the boron nitride agglomerated particles is preferably from 0 to 0.5. It is preferable that the content ratio (others/BN) is 0 or more because it increases the fluidity of the boron nitride agglomerated particles. On the other hand, if it is 0.5 or less, the thermal conductivity is not lowered and the sheet easily follows the irregularities of the roughened surface, which is preferable.
- the total inorganic filler content which is the total content of boron nitride aggregate particles and other inorganic fillers, is 40 volume% or more and 57 volume% or less based on 100 volume% of the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition. is preferable. If the total inorganic filler content is 40% by volume or more, thermal conductivity can be improved, while if it is 57% by volume or less, adhesiveness and insulation can be improved. From this point of view, the total content of inorganic fillers is preferably 42 volume% or more, particularly 43 volume% or more, and 45 volume% or more, based on the total volume of 100 volume% of the total solid content of the present thermosetting resin composition. % or more is more preferable. On the other hand, it is preferably 55 volume % or less, especially 54 volume % or less, and even more preferably 53 volume % or less.
- the total content of inorganic fillers is preferably 50% by mass or more, especially 53% by mass or more, especially 55% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition. It is more preferable that it is above. On the other hand, it is preferably 80% by mass or less, especially 75% by mass or less, and even more preferably 72% by mass or less.
- the present thermosetting resin composition preferably contains an epoxy resin as a main component resin.
- Epoxy resins are excellent among thermosetting resins in terms of viscosity, heat resistance, hygroscopicity, and handleability.
- Epoxy resin is a general term for compounds having one or more oxirane rings (epoxy groups) in the molecule. Further, the oxirane ring (epoxy group) contained in the epoxy resin may be either an alicyclic epoxy group or a glycidyl group. From the viewpoint of reaction rate or heat resistance, a glycidyl group is more preferable.
- epoxy resin examples include epoxy group-containing silicon compounds, aliphatic epoxy resins, bisphenol A or F epoxy resins, novolak epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, glycidyl ester epoxy resins, polyfunctional epoxy resins, Examples include polymeric epoxy resins.
- the epoxy resin may be a compound containing an aromatic oxirane ring (epoxy group).
- aromatic oxirane ring epoxy group
- Specific examples include glycidylated bisphenols such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol AD, bisphenol S, tetramethylbisphenol A, tetramethylbisphenol F, tetramethylbisphenol AD, tetramethylbisphenol S, and tetrafluorobisphenol A.
- Bisphenol type epoxy resin biphenyl type epoxy resin, dihydroxynaphthalene, epoxy resin glycidylated divalent phenols such as 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 1,1,1-tris(4- Epoxy resins glycidylated from trisphenols such as hydroxyphenyl)methane, epoxy resins glycidylated from tetrakisphenols such as 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, phenol novolak, cresol novolac, Examples include novolak-type epoxy resins obtained by glycidylating novolacs such as bisphenol A novolac and brominated bisphenol A novolac.
- the density of the epoxy resin is preferably 0.8 to 1.5 g/cm 3 from the viewpoint of compatibility with the inorganic filler, particularly 0.9 g/cm 3 or more or 1.4 g/cm 3 or less. It is more preferable that the amount is 1.0 g/cm 3 or more or 1.3 g/cm 3 or less.
- the epoxy resin is a relatively low molecular weight epoxy resin with a molecular weight of 100 or more or 630 or less, especially 200 or more or 600 or less, it has a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 or more, especially 20,000 or more, and especially 30,000.
- an epoxy resin having a high molecular weight of 30,000 to 40,000 may be used.
- the epoxy resins other than the high molecular weight epoxy resin and the polyfunctional epoxy resin contained in the present thermosetting resin composition include, for example, various glycidylated bisphenols such as bisphenol A epoxy resin and bisphenol F epoxy resin. Glycidylation of aromatic compounds with two hydroxyl groups such as bisphenol-type epoxy resins, various biphenyl-type epoxy resins prepared by glycidylation of biphenyls, dihydroxynaphthalene, and 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene.
- epoxy resins glycidylated epoxy resins of trisphenols such as 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, and tetrakisphenols such as 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane.
- 1 or 2 selected from glycidylated epoxy resins, phenol novolacs, cresol novolacs, bisphenol A novolaks, brominated bisphenol A novolaks, and other novolac-type epoxy resins, and silicone-containing epoxy resins. Combinations of more than one species can be mentioned. However, it is not limited to these.
- the epoxy resin accounts for 30 to 100% by mass of the thermosetting resin contained in the present thermosetting resin composition, especially 40% by mass or more, especially 50% by mass or more, and especially 60% by mass or more. It is more preferable that the epoxy resin accounts for 70% by mass or more. Note that the epoxy resin at this time also includes a high molecular weight epoxy resin, which will be described later.
- the high molecular weight epoxy resin can be used as the epoxy resin that is the main component resin, or can be used together with the low molecular weight epoxy resins mentioned above. Further, it can also be used as a preferred example of a polymer having a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 or more, which will be described later.
- Examples of the high molecular weight epoxy resin include a bisphenol A type skeleton, a bisphenol F type skeleton, a bisphenol A/F mixed type skeleton, a naphthalene skeleton, a fluorene skeleton, a biphenyl vocative, an anthracene skeleton, a pyrene skeleton, a xanthene skeleton, an adamantane skeleton, and a dichloromethane skeleton.
- Examples include phenoxy resins having at least one skeleton selected from the group consisting of cyclopentadiene skeletons.
- Examples of the high molecular weight epoxy resin include a structure represented by the following formula (1) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structure (1)”) and a structure represented by the following formula (2) (hereinafter referred to as “structure (1)”).
- Examples include epoxy resins having at least one structure selected from (sometimes referred to as “Structure (2)”).
- R 1 and R 2 each represent an organic group, at least one of which is an organic group having a molecular weight of 16 or more, and in formula (2), R 3 represents a divalent cyclic organic group.
- organic group includes any group containing a carbon atom, and specific examples thereof include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, etc., and these include a halogen atom, a hetero It may be substituted with a group having an atom or another hydrocarbon group. The same applies to the following.
- examples of high molecular weight epoxy resins include epoxy resins having a structure represented by the following formula (3) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "structure (3)").
- R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 each represent an organic group having a molecular weight of 15 or more.
- At least one of R 1 and R 2 represents an organic group having a molecular weight of 16 or more, preferably 16 to 1000, such as an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, Examples include alkyl groups such as hexyl group and heptyl group, and aryl groups such as phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, and fluorenyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 may both be organic groups with a molecular weight of 16 or more, one of which may be an organic group with a molecular weight of 16 or more, and the other may be an organic group with a molecular weight of 15 or less or a hydrogen atom.
- one is an organic group with a molecular weight of 16 or more and the other is an organic group with a molecular weight of 15 or less, and in particular, one of them is a methyl group and the other is a phenyl group, since handling properties such as resin viscosity can be controlled. This is preferable from the viewpoints of ease of use and strength of the cured product.
- R 3 is a divalent cyclic organic group, which may be an aromatic ring structure such as a benzene ring structure, a naphthalene ring structure, or a fluorene ring structure, or may be an aromatic ring structure such as cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, etc. It may be an aliphatic ring structure. Moreover, they may independently have a substituent such as a hydrocarbon group or a halogen atom.
- the divalent bond may be a divalent group located on a single carbon atom or may be a divalent group located on different carbon atoms.
- Preferred examples include divalent aromatic groups having 6 to 100 carbon atoms and groups derived from cycloalkanes having 2 to 100 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropane and cyclohexane.
- the 3,3,5-trimethyl-1,1-cyclohexylene group represented by the following formula (4) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "Structure (4)") is This is preferable from the viewpoint of control of properties and strength of cured product.
- R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are each an organic group having a molecular weight of 15 or more.
- it is an alkyl group with a molecular weight of 15 to 1000, and in particular, all of R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are methyl groups, from the viewpoint of controlling handleability such as resin viscosity and the strength of the cured product. preferable.
- the high molecular weight epoxy resin is particularly an epoxy resin containing either one of structure (1) and structure (2) and structure (3), and the resulting cured product, which is the thermally conductive resin sheet, absorbs moisture. This is preferable from the viewpoint of achieving both reduction in strength and performance in maintaining strength.
- high-molecular-weight epoxy resins contain more hydrophobic hydrocarbons and aromatic structures than epoxy resins with general bisphenol A and bisphenol F skeletons, so by blending them with high-molecular-weight epoxy resins, It is possible to reduce the moisture absorption amount of the thermally conductive resin sheet, which is the cured product obtained.
- the high molecular weight epoxy resin preferably contains a large amount of structures (1), (2), and (3), which are hydrophobic structures, and specifically, has a mass average molecular weight of 10, 000 or more, more preferably an epoxy resin with a mass average molecular weight of 20,000 or more, and more preferably an epoxy resin with a mass average molecular weight of 30,000 or more, for example 30,000 to 40,000. It is even more preferable to use resin.
- the high molecular weight epoxy resin is more hydrophobic, and from this point of view, the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy component is preferably larger, and specifically, 5,000 g/equivalent or more is preferable, and 7,000 g/equivalent or more , for example, 8,000 to 15,000 g/equivalent.
- the mass average molecular weight of the epoxy resin is a polystyrene equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography.
- the epoxy equivalent is defined as "the mass of an epoxy resin containing 1 equivalent of epoxy groups", and can be measured according to JIS K7236.
- the content of the high molecular weight epoxy resin is preferably 10% by mass or more and less than 30% by mass based on 100% by mass of the total solid content excluding inorganic fillers from the thermosetting resin composition. It is preferable that the content of the high molecular weight epoxy resin is 10% by mass or more because it maintains the retention power and film forming properties of the inorganic filler, and the content of less than 30% by mass makes it possible to maintain the strength during curing. It is preferable because it can be done. From this point of view, the content of the high molecular weight epoxy resin is preferably 10% by mass or more and less than 30% by mass, with respect to 100% by mass of the total solid content excluding inorganic fillers from the present thermosetting resin composition. The content is preferably 13% by mass or more and 29% by mass or less, and more preferably 15% by mass or more and 28% by mass or less.
- thermosetting resin composition By containing a polyfunctional epoxy resin in the present thermosetting resin composition, the viscosity before curing can be lowered, and the elastic modulus after curing can be improved, thereby improving heat resistance. can.
- the polyfunctional epoxy resin has a polyfunctional epoxy resin in the molecule from the viewpoint of increasing the storage modulus of the cured product after thermosetting, especially at high temperatures, which is important in cases such as power semiconductors that generate a large amount of heat.
- Epoxy resins having two or more oxirane rings (epoxy groups) are preferable, and epoxy resins having three or more oxirane rings (epoxy groups) in the molecule are more preferable, and furthermore, epoxy resins having four or more glycidyl groups in the molecule. Epoxy resins having the following are even more preferred.
- the thermally conductive resin sheet By having a plurality of oxirane rings (epoxy groups), particularly glycidyl groups, in the molecule, the crosslinking density of the cured product is improved, and the resulting cured product, which is the thermally conductive resin sheet, has higher strength.
- the thermally conductive resin sheet retains its shape without deforming or breaking. This makes it possible to suppress the generation of voids and other voids within the plastic sheet.
- the molecular weight of the polyfunctional epoxy resin is preferably 650 or less, particularly 100 or more or 630 or less, particularly 200 or more or 600 or less. It is more preferably below, and even more preferably 200 or more or 550 or less.
- thermosetting resin composition or the thermally conductive resin sheet formed from the thermosetting resin composition and the conductor By adding a multifunctional epoxy resin, it is possible to introduce highly polar oxirane rings (epoxy groups) at high density, which increases the effects of physical interactions such as van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. For example, it is possible to improve the adhesion between the thermosetting resin composition or the thermally conductive resin sheet formed from the thermosetting resin composition and the conductor.
- a polyfunctional epoxy resin by adding a polyfunctional epoxy resin, the storage modulus of the thermosetting resin composition or the thermally conductive resin sheet can be increased, thereby reducing the unevenness of the surface of the conductor that is the adherend. After the cured product of the thermosetting resin composition enters, a strong anchoring effect is developed, and the adhesion between the thermosetting resin composition or the thermally conductive resin sheet and the conductor can be improved.
- thermosetting resin composition by introducing a polyfunctional epoxy resin, the hygroscopicity of the thermosetting resin composition or the thermally conductive resin sheet tends to increase, but it also improves the reactivity of the oxirane ring (epoxy group). By doing so, the amount of hydroxyl groups during the reaction can be reduced and an increase in hygroscopicity can be suppressed.
- thermosetting resin composition by manufacturing the thermosetting resin composition by combining the above-mentioned high molecular weight epoxy resin and polyfunctional epoxy resin, the thermosetting resin composition or the thermally conductive resin sheet can have high elasticity and low moisture absorption. It becomes possible to achieve both
- polyfunctional epoxy resin a polyfunctional epoxy resin having three or more epoxy groups per molecule and having a molecular weight of 650 or less is preferable.
- EX321L, DLC301, DLC402, etc. manufactured by Nagase ChemteX can be used.
- These polyfunctional epoxy resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polyfunctional epoxy resin does not contain an amine or amide structure containing nitrogen atoms. From the viewpoint of controlling moisture absorption and achieving low moisture absorption, it is preferable not to contain a rigid structure such as an aromatic ring that causes intermolecular interaction.
- the content of the polyfunctional epoxy resin is preferably 5% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less based on 100% by mass of the total solid content excluding inorganic fillers from the thermosetting resin composition. If the content of the polyfunctional epoxy resin is 5% by mass or more, it is preferable because the elastic modulus of the cured product of the thermosetting resin composition can be maintained, and if it is 80% by mass or less, the water absorption rate will not become too high. preferred. From this point of view, the content of the polyfunctional epoxy resin is preferably 5% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the total solid content excluding inorganic fillers from the present thermosetting resin composition. The content is preferably 10% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, and more preferably 15% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
- the polyfunctional epoxy resin The content is preferably 20 parts by mass or more and 300 parts by mass or less, particularly 30 parts by mass or more and 250 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 40 parts by mass or more and 200 parts by mass or less.
- the present thermosetting resin composition may contain thermosetting resins other than epoxy resins, if necessary.
- the thermosetting resin other than the epoxy resin may be any resin that is cured by heat. Examples include phenol resin, polycarbonate resin, unsaturated polyester resin, urethane resin, melamine resin, urea resin, and the like.
- the content of the thermosetting resin containing the epoxy resin is preferably 5 to 99% by mass based on 100% by mass of the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition excluding inorganic fillers. If the content of the thermosetting resin is 5% by mass or more, it is preferable because moldability will be good.On the other hand, if it is 99% by mass or less, the content of other components can be secured, and thermal conductivity is improved. This is preferable because it can enhance the sexiness. From this point of view, the content of the thermosetting resin is preferably 5 to 99% by mass, especially 10% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the total solid content excluding inorganic fillers from the present thermosetting resin composition. Among the above, it is more preferable that the content is 20% by mass or more, especially 30% by mass or more, especially 40% by mass or more, especially 50% by mass or more, while it is still more preferably contained in a proportion of 98% by mass or less.
- the thermosetting resin composition may contain a polymer having a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 or more instead of the high molecular weight epoxy resin or together with the high molecular weight epoxy resin, if necessary.
- a high molecular weight polymer can play a role as a resin matrix component or a binder resin component in the present thermosetting resin composition, and can improve the film formability of the present thermosetting resin composition.
- the polymer may be either a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin.
- the thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin include thermoplastic resins such as polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone, and polyether ketone.
- thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin a group of heat-resistant resins called super engineering plastics such as thermoplastic polyimide, thermosetting polyimide, benzoxazine, and a reaction product of polybenzoxazole and benzoxazine are used.
- thermosetting resin is preferred in terms of heat resistance and compatibility with thermosetting resins.
- thermoplastic resin and the thermosetting resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Either one of a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin may be used, or a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin may be used together.
- the content of the polymer having a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 or more is 100% of the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition excluding inorganic fillers. It is preferably 10% by mass or more and less than 30% by mass based on mass%. It is preferable that the polymer is contained in an amount of 10% by mass or more to maintain the holding power and film forming properties of the inorganic filler, and by contained in a proportion of less than 30% by mass, the strength during curing can be maintained.
- the content of the polymer is preferably 10% by mass or more, particularly 13% by mass or more, based on 100% by mass of the total solid content excluding inorganic fillers from the thermosetting resin composition. Among them, it is more preferably 15% by mass or more. On the other hand, it is preferably less than 30% by mass, and more preferably less than 29% by mass.
- the present thermosetting resin composition can contain a curing agent, if necessary.
- curing agents include phenolic resins, compounds having a heterocyclic structure containing a nitrogen atom (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds"), acids having an aromatic skeleton or an alicyclic skeleton.
- nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds examples include anhydrides, water additives of the acid anhydrides, and modified products of the acid anhydrides. Only one type of curing agent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. By using these preferred curing agents, it is possible to obtain a cured resin product with an excellent balance of heat resistance, moisture resistance, and electrical properties.
- phenolic resin examples include phenol novolak, o-cresol novolak, p-cresol novolak, t-butylphenol novolak, dicyclopentadiene cresol, polyparavinylphenol, bisphenol A type novolak, xylylene-modified novolak, decalin-modified novolak, and polyphenol.
- examples include (di-o-hydroxyphenyl)methane, poly(di-m-hydroxyphenyl)methane, and poly(di-p-hydroxyphenyl)methane.
- thermosetting resin compositions to further improve the flexibility and flame retardancy of thermosetting resin compositions, and to improve the mechanical properties and heat resistance of cured resins, novolac type phenolic resins and triazine skeletons with rigid main chain skeletons are used. Phenolic resins having the following are preferred. Further, in order to improve the flexibility of an uncured thermosetting resin composition and the toughness of a cured resin product, a phenolic resin having an allyl group is preferable.
- heterocyclic structure of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound examples include structures derived from imidazole, triazine, triazole, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridine, and azole. From the viewpoint of improving the insulation properties of the thermosetting resin composition and the adhesion to metals, imidazole compounds and triazine compounds are preferred.
- Preferred imidazole compounds and triazine compounds include, for example, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole, and 1-cyanoethyl-2- Undecylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazolium trimellitate, 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-Methylimidazolyl-(1')]-ethyl-s-triazine,2,4-diamino-6-[2'-undecylimidazolyl-(1')]-ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diamino- 6-[2'-ethyl-4'methylimidazolyl-(1
- the high resin compatibility and high reaction activation temperature make it possible to easily adjust the curing speed and physical properties after curing, which improves the storage stability of the thermosetting resin composition.
- those having a structure derived from imidazole and those having a structure derived from triazine are preferable, and especially those having a structure derived from triazine, because they can further improve the adhesive strength after heat molding.
- the heterocyclic structure of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is particularly preferably a structure derived from 1,3,5-triazine. Further, it is also possible to have a plurality of these illustrated structural parts.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound may contain a curing catalyst, which will be described later, depending on the structure. Therefore, the present thermosetting resin composition can contain the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound as a curing catalyst. Only one type of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. Further, one molecule may have a plurality of heterocyclic structures at the same time.
- the molecular weight of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1,000 or less, more preferably 500 or less.
- the acid anhydride having an aromatic skeleton, the water additive of the acid anhydride, or the modified product of the acid anhydride are not particularly limited.
- the acid anhydride having an alicyclic skeleton, a water additive of the acid anhydride, or a modified product of the acid anhydride is an acid anhydride having a polyalicyclic skeleton, a water additive of the acid anhydride, or a modified product of the acid anhydride.
- the curing agent is preferably contained in an amount of 0 to 70% by mass, particularly 0 to 55% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition excluding inorganic fillers.
- content of the curing agent is at least the above lower limit, sufficient curing performance can be obtained, and when it is at or below the above upper limit, the reaction can proceed effectively, improving the crosslinking density and increasing the strength. This further improves film formability.
- the present thermosetting resin composition may contain a curing catalyst as a curing accelerator, if necessary, in order to adjust the curing rate, the physical properties of the cured product, and the like.
- the curing catalyst is preferably selected appropriately depending on the type of thermosetting resin component and curing agent.
- Specific examples of the curing catalyst include chain or cyclic tertiary amines, organic phosphorus compounds, diazabicycloalkenes such as quaternary phosphonium salts or organic acid salts, and imidazoles.
- organic metal compounds, quaternary ammonium salts, metal halides, and the like can also be used.
- the organometallic compounds include zinc octylate, tin octylate, and aluminum acetylacetone complex. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- imidazole compounds compounds containing imidazole are particularly preferred from the viewpoints of storage stability, heat resistance, and curing speed.
- Preferred imidazole compounds include, for example, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-undecylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazolium trimellitate, 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-methylimidazolyl- (1')]-ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-undecylimidazolyl-(1')]-ethyl-s-triazine,
- an imidazole compound with a melting point of 100° C. or higher, more preferably 200° C. or higher a cured product with excellent storage stability and adhesion can be obtained.
- those containing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound other than the above-mentioned imidazole ring are more preferable from the viewpoint of adhesive properties.
- the curing catalyst is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by mass, particularly 0.1 to 5% by mass, in 100% by mass of the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition excluding inorganic fillers.
- content of the curing catalyst is at least the above-mentioned lower limit, the progress of the curing reaction can be sufficiently promoted to achieve good curing, and when it is below the above-mentioned upper limit, the curing rate will not be too fast, and therefore, the present invention
- the storage stability of the thermosetting resin composition can be improved.
- the present thermosetting resin composition may contain an organic solvent, if necessary, for example, in order to improve coating properties when molding a sheet-like cured product through a coating process.
- organic solvent examples include methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the like. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content is appropriately determined depending on the ease of handling during production of the present thermally conductive resin sheet.
- the organic solvent can be used so that the solid content (total of components other than the solvent) concentration in the thermosetting resin composition is 10 to 90% by mass, particularly 40% by mass or more or 80% by mass or less. preferable.
- the organic solvent is preferably such that the solid content (total of components other than the solvent) concentration in the present thermosetting resin composition is 95% by mass or more. It is preferable to use it in an amount of 97% by mass or more, more preferably 98% by mass or more, even more preferably 99% by mass or more.
- the present thermosetting resin composition may contain other components in addition to the above components.
- the other components include dispersants, thermoplastic resins, organic fillers, inorganic fillers, additives such as silane coupling agents that improve the interfacial adhesive strength between inorganic fillers and resin components, and silane coupling agents.
- Additives that can be expected to increase the adhesion strength between resin sheets and metal plates such as insulating carbon components such as reducing agents, viscosity modifiers, thixotropic agents, flame retardants, colorants, phosphorus, and phenols.
- antioxidants phenol acrylate and other process stabilizers, heat stabilizers, hindered amine radical scavengers (HAAS), impact modifiers, processing aids, metal deactivators, copper damage inhibitors, antistatic agents. agents, fillers, etc.
- HAS hindered amine radical scavengers
- impact modifiers processing aids
- metal deactivators metal deactivators
- copper damage inhibitors antistatic agents. agents, fillers, etc.
- additives may be added in amounts generally within the range of amounts used for these purposes.
- the thickness of the sheet-like resin composition obtained by molding the thermosetting resin composition into a sheet is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 60 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 70 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 250 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 180 ⁇ m or less.
- the present thermosetting resin composition can have the following physical properties.
- thermosetting resin composition has a surface roughness Ra value of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and a surface roughness Rz value of 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less, as measured in accordance with JIS B 0601 (2001).
- a thermosetting resin composition is laminated on the roughened surface of a metal member having a surface by heat pressing at a pressure of less than 70 kgf/cm 2 and a temperature of 40 to 300°C during pressurization, and a sheet-like resin composition is laminated on the metal member.
- the interfacial peeling rate when observing the laminated interface between the metal member and the sheet-like cured product using an SEM cross-sectional image is 0.8% or less, especially 0.7%. Below, it can be set to 0.6% or less.
- the present thermosetting resin composition becomes a sheet-like cured product, that is, the present thermally conductive resin sheet.
- thermosetting resin composition has a surface roughness Ra value of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and a surface roughness Rz value of 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less, as measured in accordance with JIS B 0601 (2001).
- a thermosetting resin composition is laminated on the roughened surface of a metal member having a surface by heat pressing at a pressure of less than 70 kgf/cm 2 and a temperature of 40 to 300°C during pressurization, and a sheet-like resin composition is laminated on the metal member.
- the dielectric breakdown voltage (BDV) of the composite molded body can be 5 kV or more, especially 5.5 kV or more, and especially 6 kV or more.
- thermosetting resin composition has a thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of a cured sheet obtained by molding it into a sheet and curing it, at 12 W/mK or more, especially 13 W/mK or more, and especially 14 W/mK or more. It can be done.
- thermosetting resin composition can be used in various applications requiring thermal conductivity.
- thermosetting resin sheet By molding the present thermosetting resin composition into a sheet shape and curing it, a resin sheet with thermal conductivity, that is, "the present thermally conductive resin sheet” can be obtained. By curing the present thermosetting resin composition, effects such as high adhesiveness, thermal conductivity, and high insulation properties after adhesion to an adherend can be obtained.
- the present thermally conductive resin sheet can have a thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of 12 W/mK or more, especially 13 W/mK or more, and especially 14 W/mK or more. Since the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction is equal to or higher than the above lower limit, it can be suitably used for power semiconductor devices and the like that operate at high temperatures.
- the thermal conductivity is determined by the type of thermosetting resin and its physical properties such as melt viscosity, the structure, oil absorption and content of the boron nitride aggregated particles, the method of mixing the thermosetting resin and the boron nitride aggregated particles, and the heating described below. It can be adjusted by adjusting the conditions in the kneading process.
- the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of the present thermally conductive resin sheet can be measured by the following method.
- the thermal resistance value of a thermally conductive resin sheet of the same composition and thickness produced under the same conditions is measured using a thermal resistance measuring device (manufactured by Mentor Graphics Inc., product name "T3ster").
- Thermal conductivity can be determined from the slope of the graph where the value is plotted against the thickness.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the thermally conductive resin sheet is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 60 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 70 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 250 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 180 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness is set to 400 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to achieve miniaturization and thinning, especially when the thermally conductive resin sheet is used for power semiconductor devices, etc., and compared to an insulating thermally conductive layer made of ceramic material. , it is possible to obtain the effect of reducing thermal resistance in the thickness direction by thinning the film.
- Method for manufacturing the present thermally conductive resin sheet An example of the method for manufacturing the present thermally conductive resin sheet will be described below.
- An example of a method for producing the present thermally conductive resin sheet is a method including a mixing step and a press molding step.
- the present thermosetting resin composition may be heated and melted and kneaded, or may be stirred and mixed at room temperature.
- the mixture obtained in the mixing step may be pressed to form a sheet.
- various known press apparatuses for molding thermosetting resins can be used. From the viewpoint of preventing resin deterioration during hot pressing, it is particularly preferable to use a vacuum press device that can reduce the amount of oxygen in the press during heating or a press device equipped with a nitrogen purge device.
- the pressure in the press molding process is usually 2 MPa or more, preferably 3 MPa or more, and more preferably 4 MPa or more, as the actual pressure applied to the sample. Moreover, it is preferably 7 MPa or less, more preferably 6.9 MPa or less, and even more preferably 6.5 MPa or less.
- the pressurizing time is usually 30 seconds or more, preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 3 minutes or more, and still more preferably 5 minutes or more. Moreover, the time is preferably 3 hours or less, more preferably 2.5 hours or less, and still more preferably 2 hours or less.
- the setting temperature of the press equipment in the press molding process is such that if the molding temperature is 40°C or higher, especially 50°C or higher, and particularly 80°C or higher, the resin viscosity will be low enough for shaping processing, and the molding will be completed. It is possible to impart sufficient thickness uniformity to the thermally conductive resin sheet. Moreover, the present thermosetting resin composition can be cured. On the other hand, if the temperature setting of the press is 300°C or lower, particularly 250°C or lower, especially 200°C or lower, deterioration of the resin itself and deterioration of the physical properties of the molded thermally conductive resin sheet can be suppressed.
- the thermosetting resin composition may be cured by heating after the press molding process (also referred to as a curing process).
- the heating temperature is preferably 30 to 400°C, particularly preferably 50°C or higher, and even more preferably 90°C or higher.
- the temperature is preferably 300°C or lower, and even more preferably 250°C or lower.
- the above-mentioned curing by heating may be performed under pressure or without pressure.
- pressure it is desirable to perform it under the same conditions as the above-mentioned pressurizing step for the same reason as above.
- the pressurizing step and the curing step may be performed at the same time.
- the load when performing the pressurizing step and the curing step at the same time is not particularly limited. In this case, it is preferable to apply a load of 5 MPa or more to the sheet-like composition on the substrate, more preferably 7 Pa or more, still more preferably 9 MPa or more, particularly preferably 20 MPa or more. It is. Further, the load is preferably 2000 MPa or less, more preferably 1500 MPa or less.
- the pressing time is not particularly limited.
- the pressurizing time is preferably 30 seconds or more, more preferably 1 minute or more, even more preferably 3 minutes or more, and particularly preferably 5 minutes or more.
- the pressurization time is preferably 1 hour or less, more preferably 30 minutes or less, and still more preferably 20 minutes or less.
- the pressurization time By setting the pressurization time to the above lower limit value or more, it is possible to sufficiently remove voids and voids in the sheet-shaped resin cured product, that is, the thermally conductive resin sheet, and improve heat transfer performance and voltage resistance characteristics. There is a tendency
- the composite molded article according to an example of the embodiment of the present invention may be one that includes a resin cured product made of the present thermosetting resin composition and a metal member.
- An example of the present composite molded product is one in which a cured product of a sheet-like material made of the present thermosetting resin composition, that is, the present thermally conductive resin sheet is laminated on one surface of a metal member.
- the adhesion is improved by suppressing the generation of voids between the adherend and the sheet. be able to.
- the roughened surface of the metal member has a surface roughness Ra value of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and a surface roughness Rz value of 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less, as measured according to JIS B 0601 (2001). surface can be mentioned.
- Surface roughness Ra is also called arithmetic mean roughness, and if it is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, high adhesive strength can be expected due to the anchor effect when the resin compositions are bonded together and cured, and if it is 2 ⁇ m or less, especially During low-pressure pressing, the resin composition easily follows the irregularities, resulting in less voids and good insulation.
- the surface roughness Ra value is more preferably 0.7 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 0.9 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, it is more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface roughness Rz is also called the maximum height, and if it is 2 ⁇ m or more, high adhesive strength can be expected due to the anchor effect when the resin composition is bonded and cured, and if it is 12 ⁇ m or less, it can be expected to have a high adhesive strength, especially in low-pressure press.
- the resin composition easily follows the irregularities, resulting in less voids and good insulation.
- the surface roughness Rz is more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 4 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, it is more preferably 11 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less. Note that the surface roughness Ra and Rz are values measured according to JIS B 0601 (2001), and can be measured in detail by the method shown in the examples.
- the metal member is preferably made of a material with good thermal conductivity.
- a metal material for heat dissipation in order to increase the thermal conductivity in the laminated structure, it is preferable to use a metal material for heat dissipation, and it is more preferable to use a flat metal material.
- the quality of the metal material is not particularly limited. Among these, materials made of copper such as a copper plate, aluminum such as an aluminum plate, and materials made of an aluminum alloy such as an aluminum alloy plate are preferable because they have good thermal conductivity and are relatively inexpensive.
- Press molding which is a batch process, can be preferably used as a method for laminating and integrating the thermally conductive resin sheet and the metal member.
- the press pressure is preferably less than 70 kgf/cm 2 , especially 69 kgf/cm 2 or less, and especially 65 kgf/cm 2 or less. It is preferable to do so.
- the press pressure is preferably 2 kgf/cm 2 or more, particularly 3 kgf/cm 2 or more, Among these, it is preferable to set it to 4 kgf/cm 2 or more.
- the press equipment, press conditions, etc. are the same as the range of press molding conditions for obtaining the above-mentioned thermally conductive resin sheet.
- the heat dissipating circuit board (referred to as "this heat dissipating circuit board") according to an example of the embodiment of the present invention may be one provided with the present heat conductive resin sheet.
- the present heat-dissipating circuit board the above-mentioned metal member is laminated on one surface of the present heat-conductive resin sheet, and the other surface of the present heat-conductive resin sheet is subjected to etching treatment, for example. Examples include those having a structure in which a circuit board is formed by, etc. Specifically, it is more preferable to use a combination of "metal member/thermal conductive resin sheet/conductive circuit".
- the state before the circuit etching is, for example, an integrated structure of "metal member/main thermally conductive resin sheet/metal layer for forming a conductive circuit", where the metal layer for forming a conductive circuit is flat and the main heat conductive Examples include those formed on the entire surface of one side of the plastic sheet, and those formed on a partial area.
- the material of the conductive circuit forming metal layer is not particularly limited. Among these, it is generally preferable to form a copper thin plate with a thickness of 0.05 mm or more and 1.2 mm or less from the viewpoint of good electrical conductivity, good etching properties, and cost.
- a semiconductor device (referred to as "this semiconductor device") according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention may be one that includes the present heat dissipating circuit board.
- An example of the present semiconductor device is one having a structure in which a silicon wafer or a rewiring layer is formed on the present heat-dissipating circuit board on which pre-segmented semiconductor chips are mounted.
- the power module (referred to as "this power module") according to an example of the embodiment of the present invention may be one that includes the present thermally conductive resin sheet.
- An example of this power module is one in which the present heat dissipating circuit board is mounted on a power semiconductor device device as a heat dissipating circuit board.
- a power semiconductor device In this power semiconductor device, conventionally known members such as aluminum wiring, sealing material, packaging material, heat sink, thermal paste, and solder other than the thermally conductive resin sheet or the laminated heat dissipation sheet can be used as appropriate.
- thermosetting resin thermosetting resin
- R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 methyl group) (mass average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene: 30,000, epoxy equivalent: 9,000 g/equivalent, density approximately 1.2 g/cm 3 )
- Resin component 2 Polyfunctional epoxy resin manufactured by Nagase ChemteX: Polyfunctional epoxy resin containing a structure having 4 or more glycidyl groups per molecule (molecular weight 500 or less, density approximately 1.2 g/cm 3 )
- Resin component 3 Biphenyl type solid epoxy resin manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (molecular weight approximately 400, density approximately 1.2 g/cm 3 )
- Inorganic filler - Inorganic filler 1: Spherical boron nitride agglomerated particles having a card house structure manufactured based on International Publication No. 2015/119198 (average particle diameter (D50) 45 ⁇ m, maximum particle diameter (Dmax) 90 ⁇ m)
- the average particle diameter (D50) and maximum particle diameter (Dmax) of inorganic filler 1 are determined by dispersing the thermally conductive filler in a pure water medium containing sodium hexametaphosphate as a dispersion stabilizer, and determining the particle size using laser diffraction/scattering method.
- the volume-based particle size distribution was measured using a distribution measuring device LA-300 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.), and the maximum particle size Dmax and cumulative volume 50% particle size (average particle size D50) were determined from the obtained particle size distribution.
- ⁇ Inorganic filler 2 Admatex, spherical alumina particles New Mohs hardness: 9 Volume average particle diameter: 6.5 ⁇ m Thermal conductivity: 20-30W/m ⁇ K ⁇ Inorganic filler 3: Admatex, spherical alumina particles New Mohs hardness: 9 Volume average particle diameter: 0.2 ⁇ m Thermal conductivity: 20-30W/m ⁇ K ⁇ Inorganic filler 4: Admatex, spherical alumina particles New Mohs hardness: 9 Volume average particle diameter: 7 ⁇ m Thermal conductivity: 20-30W/m ⁇ K
- the new Mohs hardness, volume average particle diameter, and thermal conductivity of inorganic fillers 2, 3, and 4 are catalog values, and the volume average particle diameter is the maximum value determined from the volume-based particle size distribution by measuring the volume-based particle size distribution. These are the particle diameter Dmax and the cumulative volume 50% particle diameter (average particle diameter D50).
- (curing catalyst) ⁇ Curing catalyst 1 “2E4MZ-A” manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd. 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-ethyl-4'-methylimidazolyl-(17')]-ethyl-s-triazine (one molecule contains both the structure derived from imidazole and the structure derived from triazine) inside)
- ⁇ Curing catalyst 2 “2PHZ-PW” manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd. 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydroxymethylimidazole
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 The above-mentioned resin components 1 to 3, inorganic fillers 1 to 3, curing agent 1 and curing catalysts 1 to 2 were weighed as shown in Table 1 below, and methyl ethyl ketone was added so that the solid content concentration was 63% by mass. Cyclohexanone was added and mixed using a rotation/revolution type stirring device to prepare a coating slurry.
- Table 1 the mass of the curing catalyst is set to 1, and the mass ratio of each raw material is shown as a ratio to that mass.
- the obtained coating slurry (slurry for sheets) was applied to a PET base material using a doctor blade method, heated and dried at 60°C for 120 minutes, and then dried at 42°C and 1500 kgf/ cm2 using a pressure machine. Pressure was applied for 10 minutes to obtain a sheet-like resin composition with a thickness of 150 ⁇ m.
- the total content of methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone in the sheet-like resin composition was 1% by mass or less.
- the thickness, area, and thermal resistance values of the five types of sheet-shaped cured resin products with different thicknesses produced as described above were measured as shown in (1) to (3) below, and as shown in (4) below, the sheet
- the thermal conductivity (25° C.) in the sheet thickness direction was determined by the steady method from the slope expressed by the thermal resistance value with respect to the thickness (in accordance with ASTM D5470).
- the probe size at the time of measurement was ⁇ 12.8 mm
- the fixing pressure was 3400 kPa
- the measurement time was 300 sec.
- "OIL COMPOUND (product name: G-747)” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. was used to increase the adhesion between the sample and the probe.
- Thickness Thickness ( ⁇ m) when pressed at a press pressure of 3400 kPa using Mentor Graphics T3Ster-DynTIM
- Measurement area Area of the part that transfers heat (cm 2 ) when measured using T3Ster-DynTIM manufactured by Mentor Graphics
- Thermal resistance value Thermal resistance value (K/W) when pressed at a press pressure of 3400 kPa using Mentor Graphics T3Ster-DynTIM
- Thermal conductivity The thermal resistance values of four sheets with different thicknesses are measured, and the thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) is calculated from the following formula.
- Formula: Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) 1/((Inclination (thermal resistance value/thickness): K/(W ⁇ m)) ⁇ (Area: cm 2 )) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2
- the roughened copper plate had an Ra of 1.4 ⁇ m and an Rz of 8.4 ⁇ m.
- BDV measurement The BDV sample prepared as above, that is, the composite molded body having a 0.5 mm copper plate patterned so that two ⁇ 25 mm circular patterns remain, was placed in Fluorinert (product number: 3M FC-40). An alternating current voltage was applied to each of the 0.5 mm copper plate and the 2 mm copper plate. The application procedure is to apply 0.5 kV for 60 seconds, then increase the voltage to 1.0 kV and apply it for another 60 seconds.After applying the voltage for 60 seconds, increase the applied voltage by 0.5 kV each time. was defined as BDV. When the measured dielectric breakdown voltage (BDV) was 5 kV or more, it was evaluated as "OK (pass)", and when it was less than 5 kV, it was evaluated as "NG (fail)".
- ⁇ SAT measurement> The roughened surface of the roughened copper plate with a thickness of 2 mm produced as described above was placed on one side of the sheet-like resin composition obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples, and the roughened surface was heated at 80° C. and 60 kgf/cm 2 for 5 hours. Pressure was applied for a minute. Next, the roughened surface of the roughened copper plate with a thickness of 0.5 mm produced as described above was placed on the other surface of the sheet-like resin composition, and heated at 180° C. and 60 kgf/cm 2 for 30 minutes. By pressing, a composite molded article was produced in which copper plates were laminated on the upper and lower sides of the cured resin sheet.
- the interface between the copper plate and the cured resin material was observed using an ultrasonic imaging device FinSAT (FS300III) (manufactured by Hitachi Power Solutions). The measurement was carried out using a probe with a frequency of 50 MHz, a gain of 30 dB, and a pitch of 0.2 mm, with the sample placed in water. Those in which no peeling was observed at the interface were evaluated as "OK (pass),” and those in which interfacial peeling was observed were evaluated as "NG (fail)."
- the composite molded body was cut at an arbitrary location by shearing processing (DSW3500P (manufactured by Meiwaforsys)). Thereafter, cross-section processing was carried out by performing ion milling (ArBlade 5000 (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technology)) on arbitrary parts of the joint between the cut surface of the sheet and the upper and lower copper plates. After that, cross-sectional SEM observation was performed on any part of the treated area (Ultra 55 (manufactured by Zeiss), acceleration 3 kV, magnification 150 times, secondary electron image, image size (1024 x 768 pixels)), and the relationship between the sheet and the upper and lower copper plates was observed. SEM images of each joint were obtained. Regarding the composite molded bodies produced using the sheet-like resin compositions obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, cross-sectional SEMs of the upper and lower joints between the cured sheet resin material and the copper plate are shown in FIGS. Shown in Figure 4.
- the cut out image was binarized, and the contrast areas below the copper plate, the inorganic filler, which is a component of the resin composition, and the resin were extracted as voids. Divide that area by the cut out area of 12 ⁇ m x 764 ⁇ m and multiply by 100 to obtain the percentage value A (%) and percentage value B (%) for each joint between the cured resin and the upper and lower copper plates. Ta. The larger absolute value of the ratio value A and the ratio value B was defined as the interfacial peeling rate (%).
- the density was measured using a density measurement kit manufactured by METTLER TOLERO, and the density was also measured for the PET base material in the same way, and by subtracting the density, resin sheet A and cured resin sheet were obtained.
- the density of B was calculated.
- the density of sample A was 1.19 g/cm 3
- the density of sample B was 1.23 g/cm 3 .
- the curing shrinkage rate was calculated based on the formula ((density of sample B) - (density of sample A))/(density of sample B) * 100, and it was found to be 3.3%. .
- thermosetting resin composition containing an epoxy resin as a main component resin and boron nitride aggregate particles as an inorganic filler.
- thermal conductivity can be achieved by pressurizing an adherend with a roughened surface.
- the proportion of the boron nitride aggregated particles in the total solid content of the thermosetting resin composition is 40% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less, and the proportion of inorganic filler other than the boron nitride aggregated particles is 7% by volume or less. It is thought that such an effect can be obtained by doing so.
- Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4> The above-mentioned resin components 1 to 3, inorganic fillers 1 to 4, curing agent 1 and curing catalysts 1 to 2 were weighed as shown in Table 2 below, and methyl ethyl ketone was added so that the solid content concentration was 63% by mass. Cyclohexanone was added and mixed using a rotation/revolution type stirring device to prepare a coating slurry.
- the mass of the curing catalyst is assumed to be 1, and the mass ratio of each raw material is shown as a ratio to that mass.
- the obtained coating slurry (slurry for sheets) was coated and heat-dried on a PET base material in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, and a sheet-shaped resin composition was formed using a pressure machine. I got it.
- the curing shrinkage rate was calculated based on the formula ((density of sample B) - (density of sample A))/(density of sample B) * 100, and it was found to be 3.3%. .
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Abstract
Description
パワー半導体デバイスは、一般的には、複数の半導体デバイスを共通のヒートシンク上に配してパッケージングしたパワー半導体モジュールとして利用される。
パワー半導体デバイスは、高温で作動させることにより高出力・高密度化が可能となり、デバイスのスイッチングに伴う発熱等は、パワー半導体デバイスの信頼性を低下させることが懸念されている。
また、電気・電子分野において、集積回路の高密度化に伴う発熱が大きな問題となっており、いかに熱を放散するかが緊急の課題となっている。例えば、パソコンの中央演算装置、電気自動車のモーター等の制御に用いられる半導体装置の安定動作を行う際、放熱のためにヒートシンク、放熱フィン等が不可欠になっており、半導体装置とヒートシンク等とを結合する部材として、熱伝導性及び絶縁性を両立可能な部材が求められている。
そこで、エポキシ樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂と導電性無機フィラーを含む熱硬化性樹脂組成物のシート状硬化物としての熱伝導性樹脂シートが提案されている。
しかし、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子は、粒子の構造上、樹脂を吸収し易いため、導電性フィラーとして窒化ホウ素凝集粒子のみを用いたのでは、熱伝導率をさらに高めることは困難であった。そのため、例えば窒化ホウ素凝集粒子と他の導電性無機粒子とを組み合わせて用いることが通常であった。
このような粗化面を有する被着体に、従来の窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を用いたシート、すなわち、前述のように、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子と他の導電性無機粒子とを組み合わせて含有させたシートを積層すると、当該シートと被着体の粗化面との間に空隙が生じて密着性が低下するため、耐電圧性が低下する場合があることが分かってきた。
熱伝導性樹脂シートと被着体を接合するに当たり、工程の短縮化や部材の耐圧力の関係から、接合時のプレス圧力を低圧化する傾向があるため、熱伝導性樹脂シートと被着体の密着不足の問題は今後より一層重要な問題となることが予想される。例えば、半導体素子等を銅板に実装した複合部材と熱伝導性樹脂シートとを貼り合わせる場合、複合部材の耐圧力の関係からプレス圧に制限が生じる。この際、高圧をかけられないと、樹脂の流動や凝集フィラーの変形が益々不十分となり、被着体の被着体の粗化面との密着性を高めることは益々難しくなる。
前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分における前記窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の割合が40体積%以上50体積%以下であり、かつ前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの割合が7体積%以下であることを特徴とする熱硬化性樹脂組成物である。
[3]本発明の第3の態様は、前記第1又は第2の態様において、熱硬化後の熱伝導率が12W/mK以上である、熱硬化性樹脂組成物である。
[4]本発明の第4の態様は、前記第1~3のいずれか一の態様において、前記エポキシ樹脂として、質量平均分子量10,000以上のポリマーを有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物である。
[5]本発明の第5の態様は、前記第1~4のいずれか一の態様において、前記エポキシ樹脂として多官能エポキシ樹脂を有し、多官能エポキシ樹脂の分子量は650以下である熱硬化性樹脂組成物である。
[6]本発明の第6の態様は、前記第5の態様において、前記多官能エポキシ樹脂は、一分子当たりエポキシ基を3つ以上有する多官能エポキシ樹脂である熱硬化性樹脂組成物である。
[7]本発明の第7の態様は、前記第1~6のいずれか一の態様において、粗化面を有する金属部材の該粗化面に積層するのに用いる熱硬化性樹脂組成物であって、当該粗化面は、JIS B 0601(2001)に準じて測定される表面粗さRa値が0.5μm以上2μm以下であり、かつ表面粗さRz値が2μm以上12μm以下である、熱硬化性樹脂組成物である。
熱硬化性樹脂組成物をシート状に成形して硬化させてなるシート状硬化物における厚み方向の熱伝導率が12W/mK以上となる、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物である。
[10]本発明の第10の態様は、前記第1~9のいずれか一の態様において、厚み50μm以上400μm以下であるシート状の熱硬化性樹脂組成物である。
[12]本発明の第12の態様は、前記第11の態様の樹脂硬化物と、金属製部材とを有する複合成形体である。
[13]本発明の第13の態様は、前記第12の態様において、前記金属製部材が、JIS B 0601(2001)に準じて測定される表面粗さRa値が0.5μm以上2μm以下であり、かつ表面粗さRz値が2μm以上12μm以下の粗化面を有する、複合成形体である。
[14]本発明の第14の態様は、前記第12又は第13の態様において、前記金属製部材が銅製である、複合成形体である。
前記複合成形体の金属部材と樹脂硬化物層との積層界面をSEMの断面画像で観察した際の界面剥離率が0.8%以下あり、
前記複合成形体の絶縁破壊電圧(BDV)が5kV以上であり、
前記樹脂硬化物層における厚み方向の熱伝導率が12W/mK以上であり、
前記樹脂硬化物が窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する複合成形体である。
[18]本発明の第18の態様は、前記第17の態様において、前記樹脂硬化物層は、無機フィラーとして窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する樹脂硬化物からなり、
前記樹脂硬化物における前記窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の割合が40体積%以上50体積%以下であり、かつ前記樹脂硬化物における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの割合が7体積%以下である複合成形体である。
本発明の実施の形態の一例に係る熱硬化性樹脂組成物(「本熱硬化性樹脂組成物」と称する。)は、上述のように、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物のシート状硬化物すなわち本熱硬化性樹脂組成物をシート状に成形して硬化してなるシート(「本熱伝導性樹脂シート」とも称する)を、粗化面を有する被着体に積層した際の密着性を高めるために開発したものであり、エポキシ樹脂を主成分樹脂として含有し、無機フィラーとして窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物に関し、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの含有割合を制限すると共に、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有量を所定範囲に限定したことを特徴とするものである。
しかし、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラー例えば酸化アルミニウム粒子、窒化アルミニウム粒子、窒化ホウ素粒子などは、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子に比べて硬くて変形し難いため、粗化面を有する被着体に、低圧力のプレスによって熱伝導性樹脂シートを積層すると、被着体の粗化面の凹凸に追従して変形することができず、熱伝導性樹脂シートと被着体の粗化面との間に空隙(ボイド)が生じて密着性が低下することがあった。
そこで、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの含有割合を制限すると共に、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有量を所定範囲に限定することで、粗化面を有する被着体に、低圧力のプレスで積層する場合であっても、被着体と熱伝導性樹脂シートとの間に生じる空隙(ボイド)の発生を抑制して密着性を高めることができ、しかも、熱伝導率の低下を抑制することができるようにしたものである。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、粉末状、スラリー状、液状、固形状のいずれであってもよいし、また、シート状など任意の形状に成形された成形体であってもよい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、シート状に成形して硬化させることにより、シート状硬化物すなわち本熱伝導性樹脂シートを形成することができる。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、熱硬化性樹脂としてのエポキシ樹脂を主成分樹脂として含有し、無機フィラーとして窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有し、必要に応じて、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラー、エポキシ樹脂以外の熱硬化性樹脂、必要に応じてさらに、その他のポリマー、硬化剤、硬化促進剤、有機溶剤、その他の成分を含む組成物であるのが好ましい。
なお、本発明において「樹脂」とは、低分子量の有機化合物を除く有機化合物、例えば分子量100以上の有機化合物の意味である。よって、例えば「エポキシ樹脂」は「エポキシ化合物」、「主成分樹脂」は「主成分有機化合物」、「熱硬化性樹脂」は「熱硬化性化合物」とそれぞれ読み替えることができる。
窒化ホウ素凝集粒子とは、窒化ホウ素からなる一次粒子が凝集してなる粒子である。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、加熱成型時の吸湿の問題が少なく、毒性も低い点、熱伝導率を効率的に高めることができる点、及び、本熱伝導性樹脂シートに高い絶縁性を付与できる点などから、熱伝導性フィラーとして窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有することが好ましい。
なお、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の凝集構造は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により確認することができる。
該カードハウス構造の凝集粒子は、その構造上破壊強度が非常に高く、本熱伝導性樹脂シートのシート成形時に行われる加圧工程でも圧壊しない。そのため、通常本熱伝導性樹脂シートの長手方向に配向してしまう一次粒子を、ランダムな方向に存在させることができる。したがって、カードハウス構造の凝集粒子を用いると、本熱伝導性樹脂シートの厚み方向に一次粒子のab面が配向する割合をより高めることができるので、該シートの厚み方向に効果的に熱伝導を行うことができ、厚み方向の熱伝導率を一層高めることができる。
当該表面処理剤としては、例えば、シランカップリング処理などの公知の表面処理剤を用いることができる。一般的に、熱伝導性フィラーと熱硬化性樹脂との間には直接的な親和性や密着性は認められない場合が多く、これは熱伝導性フィラーとしてカードハウス構造を有する窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を用いた場合も同様である。熱伝導性フィラーとマトリクス樹脂との界面の密着性を化学的処理により高めることで、界面での熱伝導性減衰をより低減できると考えられる。
熱伝導性フィラーの粒径を大きくすることによって、熱伝導率の低い熱硬化性樹脂を介した熱伝導性フィラー間の伝熱経路を少なくでき、従って、厚み方向の伝熱経路中での熱抵抗増大を低減できる。
また、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の最大粒子径が上記下限値以上であることにより、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子とマトリクス樹脂との界面によりもたらされる熱抵抗の増大が抑制されるだけでなく、必要となる粒子間の熱伝導パス数が減少して、本熱伝導性樹脂シートの厚み方向に一方の面から他方の面まで繋がる確率が大きくなる。
一方で、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の最大粒子径が上記上限値以下であることにより、本熱伝導性樹脂シートの表面への窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の突出が抑えられ、表面荒れのない良好な表面形状が得られるため、銅基板と貼り合わせたシートを作製する際に、十分な密着性を有し、優れた耐電圧特性を得ることができる。
原料として用いる窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の最大粒子径及び平均粒子径は、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を溶剤に分散させた試料、具体的には、分散安定剤を含有する純水媒体中に窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を分散させた試料に対して、レーザー回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置にて粒度分布を測定し、得られた粒度分布から窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の最大粒子径Dmax及び平均粒子径D50として求めることができる。
ここで、Dmax及びD50は、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により測定して得られる体積基準粒度分布における最大粒子径及び累積体積50%粒子径である。
また、モフォロギG3(マルバーン社製)等の乾式の粒度分布測定装置で最大粒子径及び平均粒子径を求めることもできる。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物或いは本熱伝導性樹脂シート中の窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の最大粒子径及び平均粒子径についても、溶媒(加熱溶媒を含む)中で熱硬化性樹脂を溶解除去、或いは、膨潤させて窒化ホウ素凝集粒子との付着強度を低減せしめた後に物理的に除去し、さらには樹脂成分を大気下で加熱し灰化させて除去することで、上記と同様の方法で最大粒子径Dmax及び平均粒子径D50を測定することが可能である。
なお、粒子が非球形の場合は、最長径と最短径を測定し、その平均値を当該粒子の粒子径とする。
窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の破壊強度が20MPa以下であることにより、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子同士が接触している部分は変形し、面接触することができる。そのため、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子内部の高い熱伝導率を維持しながら、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子界面及び後述する金属基板と本熱伝導性樹脂シートとの界面の接触熱抵抗を下げ、全体の熱伝導率が向上することができる。
但し、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の破壊強度が小さすぎると、成形体を作製する際の圧力で粒子が変形しやすくなり、熱伝導性が向上しない傾向があるため、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の破壊強度は、2.5MPa以上であるのが好ましく、中でも3.0MPa以上、その中でも3.5MPa以上、その中でも4.0MPa以上であるのがさらに好ましい。
式:Cs=2.48P/πd2
Cs:破壊強度(MPa)
P:破壊試験力(N)
d:粒子径(mm)
窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の弾性率が上記範囲であれば、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子がプレス圧力の方向に塑性変形し、凝集構造が崩れてしまうことを防ぐことができる。一方、弾性率の上限値は特に限定するものではない。但し、十分な変形が得られやすい点から、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の弾性率は2000MPa以下が好ましく、より好ましくは1500MPa以下であり、更に好ましくは1000MPa以下である。
E=3×(1-ν2)×P/4×(d/2)1/2×Y3/2 (「E」は弾性率(MPa)であり、「ν」はポアソン比であり、「P」は破壊試験力(N)であり、「d」は粒子径(mm)であり、「Y」は圧縮変位(mm)である。なお、ポアソン比は一定(0.13)と仮定することができる。)
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有割合は、熱伝導性樹脂組成物の全固形分の全体積100体積%に対し40体積%以上50体積%以下であるのが好ましい。
窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有量を上記範囲に限定することで、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物からなるシートを、粗化面を有する被着体に、低圧力のプレスで積層する場合であっても、該シートが粗化面の凹凸に追随して変形することができ、被着体と当該シートとの間に生じる空隙(ボイド)の発生を抑制して密着性を高めることができる。
かかる観点から、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有割合は、40体積%以上であるのが好ましく、中でも42体積%以上であるのがより好ましく、その中でも44体積%以上であるのがさらに好ましい。他方、50体積%以下であるのが好ましく、中でも49.5体積%以下であるのがより好ましく、その中でも49体積%以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラー(「その他無機フィラー」とも称する)を含有してもよい。
当該その他無機フィラーは、熱伝導性を有する粒子(「熱伝導性フィラー」とも称する)であるのが好ましい。中でも、該熱伝導性フィラーは、熱伝導率が2.0W/m・K以上であるものが好ましく、特に3.0W/m・K以上、特に5.0W/m・K以上、特に10.0W/m・K以上であるものがさらに好ましい。
前記金属炭化物又は半金属炭化物としては、例えば炭化ケイ素(熱伝導率:約60~270W/m・K)、炭化チタン(熱伝導率:約21W/m・K)、炭化タングステン(熱伝導率:約120W/m・K)等を挙げることができる。
前記金属窒化物又は半金属窒化物の例としては、窒化ホウ素(六方晶窒化ホウ素(h-BN)の板状粒子の面方向の熱伝導率:約200~500W/m・K)、窒化アルミニウム(熱伝導率:約160~285W/m・K)、窒化ケイ素(熱伝導率:約30~80W/m・K)等を挙げることができる。
中でも、本熱伝導性樹脂シートの電気絶縁性を十分なものとし易い点から、金属酸化物、半金属酸化物、金属窒化物又は半金属窒化物が好ましい。このような熱伝導性フィラーとして、具体的には、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3、体積抵抗率:>1014Ω・cm)、窒化アルミニウム(AlN、体積抵抗率:>1014Ω・cm)、窒化ホウ素(BN、体積抵抗率:>1014Ω・cm)、窒化ケイ素(Si3N4、体積抵抗率:>1014Ω・cm)、シリカ(SiO2、体積抵抗率:>1014Ω・cm)などを挙げることができる。
中でも、酸化アルミニウム、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素が好ましく、本熱伝導性樹脂シートに高い絶縁性を付与できる点から、とりわけ酸化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素が好ましい。
中でも、本発明の熱伝導性フィラーの形状は球状であることが好ましい。
当該アスペクト比は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物或いは本熱伝導性樹脂シートの断面を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で撮影した画像から10個以上の粒子を任意に選択し、それぞれの長径と短径の比を求めて平均値を算出することにより求めることができる。
その具体的な測定方法の一例として、無機粒子を溶剤に分散させた試料、具体的には、分散安定剤としてヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウムを含有する純水媒体中に無機粒子を分散させた試料に対して、レーザー回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置LA-920(堀場製作所社製)にて粒度分布を測定し、得られた粒度分布から無機粒子の平均粒子径D50として求めることができる。
また、モフォロギG3(マルバーン社製)等の乾式の粒度分布測定装置で平均粒子径を求めることもできる。
なお、粒子が非球形の場合は、最長径と最短径を測定し、その平均値を当該粒子の平均粒径とする。
その他無機フィラーすなわち前記窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの含有量は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分の全体積100体積%に対し、7体積%以下であるのが好ましい。
その他無機フィラーは、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子に比べて硬くて変形し難いため、粗化面を有する被着体に、低圧力のプレスによってシートを積層すると、被着体の粗化面の凹凸に追従して変形することができず、シートと被着体の粗化面との間に空隙が生じて密着性が低下することがあるため、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分の全体積100体積%に対し、7体積%以下であるのが好ましく、6体積%以下であるのがより好ましく、5.5体積%以下であるのがさらに好ましく、3体積%以下であるのが一層好ましく、1体積%以下であるのがより一層好ましく、0.5体積%以下であることがさらに一層好ましく、0.1体積%以下がなおさら一層好ましく、0体積%が最も好ましい。
当該含有量比(その他/BN)が0以上であれば、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の流動性を上げるから好ましい。他方、0.5以下であれば、熱伝導性を下げないことに加え、シートが粗化面の凹凸に追随しやすいから好ましい。
窒化ホウ素凝集粒子及びその他無機フィラーの含有量を合計した無機フィラー合計含有量は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分の全体積100体積%に対し40体積%以上57体積%以下であるのが好ましい。
無機フィラー合計含有量が40体積%以上であれば、熱伝導性を高めることができ、他方、57体積%以下であれば、密着性や絶縁性を高めることができる。
かかる観点から、無機フィラー合計含有量は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分の全体積100体積%に対し42体積%以上であるのが好ましく、中でも43体積%以上、その中でも45体積%以上であるのがさらに好ましい。他方、55体積%以下であるのが好ましく、中でも54体積%以下、その中でも53体積%以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、エポキシ樹脂を主成分樹脂として含有するのが好ましい。エポキシ樹脂は、熱硬化性樹脂の中でも、粘度、耐熱性、吸湿性、取扱い性の観点で優れている。
中でも、後述する「高分子量エポキシ樹脂」及び「多官能エポキシ樹脂」のいずれか一種又はこれらの二種類を含有するのが好ましい。
なお、この際のエポキシ樹脂には、後述する高分子量エポキシ樹脂も包含される。
高分子量エポキシ樹脂は、主成分樹脂であるエポキシ樹脂として用いることもできるし、また、上記のような低分子量のエポキシ樹脂と共に用いることもできる。また、後述する質量平均分子量10,000以上のポリマーの好ましい一例として用いることもできる。
また、エポキシ当量とは、「1当量のエポキシ基を含むエポキシ樹脂の質量」と定義され、JIS K7236に準じて測定することができる。
高分子量エポキシ樹脂の含有量が10質量%以上であることで、無機フィラーの保持力と成膜性が保たれるから好ましく、30質量%未満であることで、硬化時の強度を保つことができるから好ましい。
かかる観点から、高分子量エポキシ樹脂の含有量は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物から無機フィラーを除いた全固形分100質量%に対し、10質量%以上30質量%未満であるのが好ましく、中でも13質量%以上或いは29質量%以下、その中でも15質量%以上或いは28質量%以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物に多官能エポキシ樹脂を含有させることにより、硬化前の粘度を下げることができ、さらに硬化後の弾性率を向上させることができ、それにより耐熱性が向上させることができる。
また、多官能エポキシ樹脂を添加することにより、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物乃至本熱伝導性樹脂シートの貯蔵弾性率を高くすることができ、それにより被着体である導電体表面の凹凸に本熱硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物が入り込んだ後、強固なアンカー効果を発現し、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物乃至本熱伝導性樹脂シートと導電体との密着性を向上させることができる。
一方で、多官能エポキシ樹脂を導入することにより、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物乃至本熱伝導性樹脂シートの吸湿性が高くなる傾向にあるが、オキシラン環(エポキシ基)の反応性を向上させることで、反応途中の水酸基量を減らし、吸湿性の増加を抑制することができる。また、前述した高分子量エポキシ樹脂と多官能エポキシ樹脂を組み合わせて本熱硬化性樹脂組成物を製造することにより、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物乃至本熱伝導性樹脂シートの高弾性化と低吸湿化を両立することが可能となる。
これらの多官能エポキシ樹脂は1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
多官能エポキシ樹脂の含有量が5質量%以上であれば、熱硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物の弾性率を保持できることから好ましく、80質量%以下であれば、吸水率が高くなりすぎないことから好ましい。
かかる観点から、多官能エポキシ樹脂の含有量は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物から無機フィラーを除いた全固形分100質量%に対し、5質量%以上80質量%以下であるのが好ましく、中でも10質量%以上或いは70質量%以下、その中でも15質量%以上或いは50質量%以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、エポキシ樹脂以外の熱硬化性樹脂を含んでいてもよい。
エポキシ樹脂以外の熱硬化性樹脂は、熱によって硬化する樹脂であればよい。例えば、フェノール樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂等を挙げることができる。
エポキシ樹脂を含む熱硬化性樹脂の含有量は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物から無機フィラーを除いた全固形分100質量%に対し、5~99質量%であるのが好ましい。
熱硬化性樹脂の含有量が5質量%以上であれば、成形性が良好となるから好ましく、他方、99質量%以下であれば、他の成分の含有量を確保することができ、熱伝導性を高めることができるから好ましい。
かかる観点から、熱硬化性樹脂の含有量は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物から無機フィラーを除いた全固形分100質量%に対し、5~99質量%であるのが好ましく、中でも10質量%以上、中でも20質量%以上、中でも30質量%以上、中でも40質量%以上、中でも50質量%以上であるのがさらに好ましい一方、98質量%以下の割合で含有することがさらに好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、前記高分子量エポキシ樹脂の代わりに、若しくは、前記高分子量エポキシ樹脂と共に、質量平均分子量10,000以上のポリマーを含有してもよい。
このような高分子量ポリマーは、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物において、樹脂マトリックス成分乃至バインダー樹脂成分としての役割を果たすことができ、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物の製膜性を高めることができる。
当該熱可塑性樹脂及び熱硬化性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリアリレート、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン又はポリエーテルケトン等の熱可塑性樹脂を挙げることができる。また、上記熱可塑性樹脂及び熱硬化性樹脂として、熱可塑性ポリイミド、熱硬化性ポリイミド、ベンゾオキサジン、ポリベンゾオキサゾールとベンゾオキサジンとの反応物などのスーパーエンプラと呼ばれている耐熱性樹脂群等を使用することもできる。また、スチレン、アルキルスチレンなどのスチレン系重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキル、(メタ)アクリル酸グリシジルなどの(メタ)アクリル系重合体、スチレン-メタクリル酸グリシジルなどのスチレン系-(メタ)アクリル系共重合体、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルベンザール、ポリビニルアセタールなどのポリビニルアルコール誘導体、ノルボルネン化合物を含有するノルボルネン系ポリマー、フェノキシ樹脂等も使用することができる。中でも、耐熱性と熱硬化性樹脂との相溶性の点で、フェノキシ樹脂が好適である。
上記熱可塑性樹脂及び上記熱硬化性樹脂はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。熱可塑性樹脂及び熱硬化性樹脂の内のいずれか一方が用いられてもよく、熱可塑性樹脂と熱硬化性樹脂とが併用されてもよい。
前記ポリマーを10質量%以上含有することで、無機フィラーの保持力と成膜性が保たれ、30質量%未満の割合で含有することで、硬化時の強度を保つことができるから、好ましい。
かかる観点から、前記ポリマーの含有量は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物から無機フィラーを除いた全固形分100質量%に対し、10質量%以上であるのが好ましく、中でも13質量%以上、その中でも15質量%以上であるのがさらに好ましい。他方、30質量%未満であるのが好ましく、中でも29質量%未満であるのがさらに好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、硬化剤を含有することができる。
硬化剤としては、例えば、フェノール樹脂、窒素原子を含有する複素環構造を有する化合物(以下、「窒素含有複素環化合物」と称す場合がある。)、芳香族骨格もしくは脂環式骨格を有する酸無水物、該酸無水物の水添加物もしくは該酸無水物の変性物などを挙げることができる。硬化剤は、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
これらの好ましい硬化剤の使用により、耐熱性、耐湿性および電気物性のバランスに優れた樹脂硬化物を得ることができる。
また、未硬化の熱硬化性樹脂組成物の柔軟性および樹脂硬化物の靭性向上のためにはアリル基を有するフェノール樹脂が好ましい。
好ましいイミダゾール系化合物、トリアジン系化合物としては、例えば2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール、2-フェニルイミダゾール、1-ベンジル-2-メチルイミダゾール、1-ベンジル-2-フェニルイミダゾール、1-シアノエチル-2-ウンデシルイミダゾール、1-シアノエチル-2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール、2-フェニル-4-メチルイミダゾール、1-シアノエチル-2-フェニルイミダゾリウムトリメリテイト、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-ウンデシルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-エチル-4’メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加物、2-フェニルイミダゾールイソシアヌル酸付加物、2-フェニル-4,5-ジヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール、2-フェニル-4-メチル-5-ヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール、2,4-ジアミノ-6-ビニル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-ビニル-s-トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加物、2,4-ジアミノ-6-メタクリロイルオキシエチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-メタクリロイルオキシエチル-s-トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加物等を挙げることができる。
窒素含有複素環化合物は1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。また、1分子中に複数の復素環構造を同時に有していても構わない。
前記窒素含有複素環化合物の分子量は1,000以下であることが好ましく、500以下であることがより好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、硬化速度や硬化物の物性などを調整するために、硬化促進剤として硬化触媒を含有することができる。
硬化触媒の具体例としては、鎖状または環状の3級アミン、有機リン系化合物、4級ホスホニウム塩類又は有機酸塩等のジアザビシクロアルケン類等、イミダゾール類を挙げることができる。また、有機金属化合物類、4級アンモニウム塩類又は金属ハロゲン化物等を用いることもできる。上記有機金属化合物類としては、オクチル酸亜鉛、オクチル酸錫又はアルミニウムアセチルアセトン錯体等を挙げることができる。
これらは1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
好ましいイミダゾール系化合物としては、例えば2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール、2-フェニルイミダゾール、1-ベンジル-2-メチルイミダゾール、1-ベンジル-2-フェニルイミダゾール、1-シアノエチル-2-ウンデシルイミダゾール、1-シアノエチル-2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール、2-フェニル-4-メチルイミダゾール、1-シアノエチル-2-フェニルイミダゾリウムトリメリテイト、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-ウンデシルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-エチル-4’メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加物、2-フェニルイミダゾールイソシアヌル酸付加物、2-フェニル-4,5-ジヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール、2-フェニル-4-メチル-5-ヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール等を挙げることができる。
特に融点が100℃以上、さらに好ましくは200℃以上のイミダゾール系化合物を用いることで、保存安定性、密着性に優れた硬化物が得られる。さらに前述のイミダゾール環以外の窒素含有複素環化合物を含むものが接着性の観点からより好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、例えば、塗布工程を経てシート状硬化物を成形する際の塗布性の向上のために、有機溶剤を含有していてもよい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物が含有し得る有機溶剤としては、例えば、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、酢酸ブチル、酢酸イソブチル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルなどを挙げることができる。
これらの有機溶剤は、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物をシート状に形成する場合、有機溶剤は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物中の固形分(溶剤以外の成分の合計)濃度が95質量%以上、より好ましくは97質量%以上、さらに好ましくは98質量%以上、さらに好ましくは99質量%以上となるように用いることが好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、上記成分以外に、他の成分を含有してもよい。
当該他の成分としては、例えば、分散剤、熱可塑性樹脂、有機フィラー、無機フィラー、無機フィラーと樹脂成分との界面接着強度を改善するシランカップリング剤などの添加剤、同様にシランカップリング剤等の樹脂シートと金属板状材との密着強度を高める効果を期待できる添加剤、還元剤等の絶縁性炭素成分、粘度調整剤、チキソ性付与剤、難燃剤、着色剤、リン系、フェノール系他の各種酸化防止剤、フェノールアクリレート系他のプロセス安定剤、熱安定剤、ヒンダードアミン系ラジカル補足剤(HAAS)、衝撃改良剤、加工助剤、金属不活化剤、銅害防止剤、帯電防止剤、増量剤等を挙げることができる。
これらの添加剤を使用する場合の添加量は、通常、これらの目的に使用される量の範囲であればよい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物をシート状に成形してなるシート状樹脂組成物の厚みは、50μm以上が好ましく、60μm以上がより好ましく、70μm以上がさらに好ましく、100μm以上がさらに好ましい。他方、厚みの上限値は、400μm以下が好ましく、300μm以下がより好ましく、250μm以下がさらに好ましく、200μm以下がさらに好ましく、180μm以下がさらに好ましい。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、次のような物性を有することができる。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、JIS B 0601(2001)に準じて測定される表面粗さRa値が0.5μm以上2μm以下であり、かつ表面粗さRz値が2μm以上12μm以下の粗化面を有する金属部材の該粗化面に、加圧圧力70kgf/cm2未満、加圧時温度40~300℃の熱プレスにより熱硬化性樹脂組成物を積層して、前記金属部材にシート状硬化物が積層して複合成形体を作製した場合、金属部材とシート状硬化物との積層界面をSEMの断面画像で観察した際の界面剥離率が0.8%以下、中でも0.7%以下、中でも0.6%以下とすることができる。
なお、前記熱プレスにより、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物はシート状の硬化物すなわち本熱伝導性樹脂シートとなる。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、JIS B 0601(2001)に準じて測定される表面粗さRa値が0.5μm以上2μm以下であり、かつ表面粗さRz値が2μm以上12μm以下の粗化面を有する金属部材の該粗化面に、加圧圧力70kgf/cm2未満、加圧時温度40~300℃の熱プレスにより熱硬化性樹脂組成物を積層して、前記金属部材にシート状硬化物が積層して複合成形体を作製した場合、当該複合成形体の絶縁破壊電圧(BDV)を5kV以上、中でも5.5kV以上、その中でも6kV以上とすることができる。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、それをシート状に成形して硬化させてなるシート状硬化物における厚み方向の熱伝導率を12W/mK以上、中でも13W/mK以上、その中でも14W/mK以上とすることができる。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、熱伝導性が要求される各種用途に利用することができる。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物をシート状に成形して硬化することにより、熱伝導性を備えた樹脂シート、すなわち「本熱伝導性樹脂シート」とすることができる。
本熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させることにより、被着体への密着後の高接着性や熱伝導率や高絶縁性などの効果を得ることができる。
当該熱伝導率は、熱硬化性樹脂の種類及び溶融粘度等の物性値、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の構造、吸油量及び含有量、熱硬化性樹脂と窒化ホウ素凝集粒子との混合方法、後述する加熱混練工程における条件等によって調整することができる。
例えば、熱抵抗測定装置(株式会社メンターグラフィックス製、製品名「T3ster」)を用いて、同一組成・同一条件で作製した厚さの熱伝導性樹脂シートの熱抵抗値を測定し、熱抵抗値を厚さに対してプロットしたグラフの傾きから、熱伝導率を求めることができる。
本熱伝導性樹脂シートの厚みを50μm以上とすることで、十分な耐電圧特性を確保できる。一方、400μm以下とすることで、特に熱伝導性樹脂シートをパワー半導体デバイス等に用いる場合、小型化や薄型化が達成可能であり、また、セラミックス材料による絶縁性熱伝導性層に比較して、薄膜化による厚み方向の熱抵抗低減の効果を得ることができる。
以下、本熱伝導性樹脂シートの製造方法の一例について説明する。
本熱伝導性樹脂シートの製造方法の一例として、例えば混合工程と、プレス成形工程とを含む方法を挙げることができる。
プレス成形方法としては、各種公知の熱硬化性樹脂成形用のプレス装置を用いることができる。加熱プレス中の樹脂劣化を防止する観点から、加熱中のプレス機内の酸素量を低減できる真空プレス装置や、窒素置換装置を備えたプレス装置を用いることが特に好ましい。
加圧時間は、通常30秒以上で、好ましくは1分以上、より好ましくは3分以上、さらに好ましくは5分以上である。また、好ましくは3時間以下で、より好ましくは2.5時間以下、さらに好ましくは2時間以下である。
この際、加熱温度は30~400℃であるのが好ましく、中でも50℃以上であるのが好ましく、その中でも90℃以上であるのがさらに好ましい。他方、中でも300℃以下であるのが好ましく、その中でも250℃以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
特に加圧工程と硬化工程を経るシート化工程においては、上記の範囲の加重をかけて、加圧、硬化を行うことが好ましい。
加圧工程と硬化工程を同時に行う場合の加重を上記上限値以下とすることにより、凝集窒化ホウ素粒子の二次粒子が破壊することなく、シート状の本熱硬化性樹脂組成物に空隙などがない高い熱伝導性を有するシート状硬化物を得ることができる。また、加重を上記下限値以上とすることにより、無機フィラー間の接触が良好となり、熱伝導パスを形成しやすくなるため、高い熱伝導性を有する本樹脂硬化物を得ることができる。
加圧時間が上記上限値以下であることで、シート状の樹脂硬化物の製造時間が抑制でき、生産コストを短縮できる傾向にある。加圧時間が上記下限値以上であることで、シート状の本樹脂硬化物すなわち本熱伝導性樹脂シート内の空隙やボイドを十分に取り除くことができ、熱伝達性能や耐電圧特性を向上できる傾向にある
本発明の実施形態の一例に係る複合成形体(「本複合成形体」と称する)は、本熱硬化性樹脂組成物からなる樹脂硬化物と、金属製部材とを有するものであればよい。
表面粗さRaは、算術平均粗さとも称され、0.5μm以上であれば、樹脂組成物を貼り合わせて硬化した際にアンカー効果による高い接着強度が期待でき、2μm以下であれば、特に低圧プレスにおいて樹脂組成物がその凹凸に追従しやすく、結果空隙となりにくく、絶縁良好となる。かかる観点から、表面粗さRa値は0.7μm以上であるのがより好ましく、0.9μm以上であるのがさらに好ましい。他方、10μm以下であるのがより好ましく、8μm以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
表面粗さRzは、最大高さとも称され、2μm以上であれば、樹脂組成物を貼り合わせて硬化した際にアンカー効果による高い接着強度が期待でき、12μm以下であれば、特に低圧プレスにおいて樹脂組成物がその凹凸に追従しやすく、結果空隙となりにくく、絶縁良好となる。かかる観点から、表面粗さRzは3μm以上であるのがより好ましく、4μm以上であるのがさらに好ましい。他方、11μm以下であるのがより好ましく、10μm以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
なお、表面粗さRa、Rzは、JIS B 0601(2001)に準じて測定される値であり、詳しくは実施例で示した方法により測定することができる。
金属材料の材質は、特に限定されない。中でも、熱伝導性が良く、かつ比較的廉価である点から、銅製例えば銅板、アルミニウム製例えばアルミニウム板、アルミニウム合金製例えばアルミニウム合金板等が好ましい。
この際、シート上下に貼り合わせる被着体の耐圧及びプロセス適合性の観点から、プレス圧力は70kgf/cm2未満であるのが好ましく、中でも69kgf/cm2以下、その中でも65kgf/cm2以下とするのが好ましい。他方、シート上下に貼り合わせる被着体表面の凹凸への追従及びシート内空隙を効率的につぶす観点からは、プレス圧力が2kgf/cm2以上であるのが好ましく、中でも3kgf/cm2以上、その中でも4kgf/cm2以上とするのが好ましい。
なお、プレス設備やプレス条件等は、前述の熱伝導性樹脂シートを得るためのプレス成形条件の範囲と同様である。
本発明の実施形態の一例に係る放熱性回路基板(「本放熱性回路基板」と称する)は、本熱伝導性樹脂シートを備えたものであればよい。
本放熱性回路基板の一例として、本熱伝導性樹脂シートの一方の表面に、上記金属製部材を積層し、前記本熱伝導性樹脂シートの金属製部材とは他方の表面に、例えばエッチング処理等により回路基板を形成してなる構成を有するものを挙げることができる。具体的には、「金属製部材/本熱伝導性樹脂シート/導電回路」で一体化されたものがより好ましい。
前記回路エッチング前の状態としては、例えば「金属製部材/本熱伝導性樹脂シート/導電回路形成用金属層」の一体化構成で、導電回路形成用金属層が平板状であり、本熱伝導性樹脂シートの片面側全表面に形成されたものや、一部面積で形成されたものが挙げられる。
本発明の実施形態の一例に係る半導体装置(「本半導体装置」と称する)は、本放熱性回路基板を備えたものであればよい。
本半導体装置の一例として、本放熱性回路基板上に、予め個片化された半導体チップが搭載されたシリコンウエハー又は再配線層を形成してなる構成を備えたものを挙げることができる。
本発明の実施形態の一例に係るパワーモジュール(「本パワーモジュール」と称する)は、本熱伝導性樹脂シートを備えたものであればよい。
本パワーモジュールの一例として、本放熱性回路基板を放熱性回路基板としてパワー半導体デバイス装置に実装したものを挙げることができる。
このパワー半導体デバイス装置において、熱伝導性樹脂シート又は積層放熱シート以外のアルミ配線、封止材、パッケージ材、ヒートシンク、サーマルペースト、はんだというような部材は従来公知の部材を適宜採用できる。
本発明において「X~Y」(X,Yは任意の数字)と表現する場合、特にことわらない限り「X以上Y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはXより大きい」あるいは「好ましくはYより小さい」の意も包含する。
また、「X以上」(Xは任意の数字)あるいは「Y以下」(Yは任意の数字)と表現した場合、「Xより大きいことが好ましい」あるいは「Y未満であることが好ましい」旨の意図も包含する。
本発明において「シート」とは、シート、フィルム、テープを概念的に包含するものである。
実施例及び比較例における使用材料は以下の通りである。
・樹脂成分1:特開2006-176658号公報の実施例に開示されるエポキシ樹脂の製造方法に準拠して製造した、上記構造(2)(R3=構造(4))および構造(3)(R4,R5,R6,R7=メチル基)を有する高分子量エポキシ樹脂(ポリスチレン換算の質量平均分子量:30,000、エポキシ当量:9,000g/当量、密度約1.2g/cm3)
・樹脂成分2:ナガセケムテックス社製多官能エポキシ樹脂:一分子当たりグリシジル基を4個以上有する構造を含む多官能エポキシ樹脂(分子量500以下、密度約1.2g/cm3)
・樹脂成分3:三菱ケミカル社製 ビフェニル型固体エポキシ樹脂(分子量約400、密度約1.2g/cm3)
・無機フィラー1:国際公開第2015/119198号に基づいて製造されたカードハウス構造を有する球状の窒化ホウ素凝集粒子(平均粒子径(D50)45μm、最大粒子径(Dmax)90μm)
・無機フィラー2:アドマテックス社製、球状アルミナ粒子
新モース硬度:9
体積平均粒子径:6.5μm
熱伝導率:20~30W/m・K
・無機フィラー3:アドマテックス社製、球状アルミナ粒子
新モース硬度:9
体積平均粒子径:0.2μm
熱伝導率:20~30W/m・K
・無機フィラー4:アドマテックス社製、球状アルミナ粒子
新モース硬度:9
体積平均粒子径:7μm
熱伝導率:20~30W/m・K
・硬化剤1:明和化成社製「MEH-8000H」
フェノール樹脂系硬化剤
・硬化触媒1:四国化成社製「2E4MZ-A」
2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-エチル-4’-メチルイミダゾリル-(17’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン
(イミダゾールから誘導される構造とトリアジンから誘導される構造の両方を1分子中に有する)
分子量:247、性状:固体、融点:215-225℃
・硬化触媒2:四国化成社製「2PHZ-PW」
2-フェニル-4,5-ジヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール
分子量:204、性状:固体、融点:dec. 230なので融点は230℃以上
実施例と比較例における成形体の作製方法、および測定条件・評価方法は以下の通りである。
上記樹脂成分1~樹脂成分3、無機フィラー1~3,硬化剤1および硬化触媒1~2をそれぞれ、下記表1に示すように秤量し、固形分濃度63質量%となるように、メチルエチルケトンとシクロヘキサノンを加えて、自転公転式撹拌装置を用いて混合して塗布スラリーを調製した。
なお、表1では、硬化触媒の質量を1とし、各原料の質量比率はそれに対する比率として示した。
シート状樹脂組成物中のメチルエチルケトンおよびシクロヘキサノンの合計の含有量は1質量%以下であった。
(熱伝導率測定用サンプルの作製)
実施例・比較例で得たシート状樹脂組成物を120℃、60kgf/cm2で40分間加圧を行い、樹脂硬化物を得た。また、実施例・比較例で得たシート状樹脂組成物を2枚重ね、3枚重ね、4枚重ね、又は5枚重ねして、上記同様に加圧することで、厚みの異なる5種類(厚さ約150μm、約300μm、約450μm、約600μm、約750μm)のシート状樹脂硬化物を得た。
上記のように作製した厚みの異なる5種類のシート状樹脂硬化物の厚み、面積、熱抵抗値を下記(1)~(3)のように測定し、下記(4)に示すように、シートの厚みに対する熱抵抗値で表される傾きから、定常法でのシート厚み方向の熱伝導率(25℃)を求めた(ASTMD5470準拠)。
なお、測定時のプローブサイズはφ12.8mm、固定圧力は3400kPa、測定時間は300secとした。サンプルとプローブの密着性を上げるために信越化学工業社製「OIL COMPOUND(品名:G-747)」を用いた。
(2) 測定面積:Mentor Graphics社製 T3Ster-DynTIMを用いて測定する際の、熱を伝達する部分の面積(cm2)
(3) 熱抵抗値:Mentor Graphics社製 T3Ster-DynTIMを用いて、プレス圧力3400kPaでプレスしたときの熱抵抗値(K/W)
(4) 熱伝導率:厚みの異なる4つのシートの熱抵抗値を測定し、下記の式から熱伝導率(W/m・K)を算出する。
式:熱伝導率(W/m・K)=1/((傾き(熱抵抗値/厚み):K/(W・μm))×(面積:cm2))×10-2
(粗化銅の作製)
厚み2mm又は0.5mmの銅板表面に、パルスファイバーレーザーを照射することで、銅板の表面にディンプル加工を施すことで、表面全面を粗化した。
JIS B 0601(2001)に準拠して、東京精密社製サーフコムTOUCH550を用いて測定した。測定条件としては評価長さ25mm、測定速度0.3mm/sで金属表面を長軸及び短軸方向に測定し、平均した値を算出した。
上記粗化銅板のRaは1.4μmであり、Rzは8.4μmであった。
実施例・比較例で得たシート状樹脂組成物の一方の面に、上記のように作製した厚み2mmの粗化銅板の粗化面を重ねて載せて、80℃、60kgf/cm2で5分間加圧した。次に、前記シート状樹脂組成物の他方の面に、上記のように作製した厚み0.5mmの粗化銅板の粗化面を重ねて載せて、180℃、60kgf/cm2で30分間加圧して、シート状樹脂硬化物の上下に銅板が積層してなる複合成形体を作製した。その後、当該複合成形体を所定の手法にてエッチング処理することで、0.5mmの銅板をパターニングしてBDV用サンプルを得た。パターンはφ25mmの円状パターンが2カ所残存するようにした。
上記のように作製したBDV用サンプル、すなわち、φ25mmの円状パターンが2カ所残存するようにパターニングした0.5mmの銅板を有する複合成形体を、フロリナート(品番:3M社製FC-40)に浸漬させ、0.5mmの銅板及び2mm銅板のそれぞれに交流電圧を印加した。印加の手順は0.5kVを60秒印加した後、1.0kVに昇圧してさらに60秒を印加し、その後60秒印加後に都度印加電圧を0.5kVずつ昇圧していき、絶縁破壊した電圧をBDVとした。
そして、測定された絶縁破壊電圧(BDV)が5kV以上であった場合「OK(合格)」と評価し、5kV未満であった場合「NG(不合格)」と評価した。
実施例・比較例で得たシート状樹脂組成物の一方の面に、上記のように作製した厚み2mmの粗化銅板の粗化面を重ねて載せて、80℃、60kgf/cm2で5分間加圧した。次に、前記シート状樹脂組成物の他方の面に、上記のように作製した厚み0.5mmの粗化銅板の粗化面を重ねて載せて、180℃、60kgf/cm2で30分間加圧して、シート状樹脂硬化物の上下に銅板が積層してなる複合成形体を作製した。
該複合成形体において、超音波映像装置FinSAT(FS300III)(日立パワーソリューションズ製)により、銅板と樹脂硬化物の界面を観察した。測定には周波数50MHzのプローブを用い、ゲイン30dB、ピッチ0.2mmとし、試料を水中に置いて実施した。界面に剥離が認められないものを「OK(合格)」と評価し、界面剥離が認められたものを「NG(不合格)」と評価した。
実施例・比較例で得たシート状樹脂組成物の一方の面に、上記のように作製した厚み2mmの粗化銅板の粗化面を重ねて載せて、80℃、60kgf/cm2で5分間加圧した。次に、前記シート状樹脂組成物の他方の面に、上記のように作製した厚み0.5mmの粗化銅板の粗化面を重ねて載せて、180℃、60kgf/cm2で30分間加圧して、シート状樹脂硬化物の上下に銅板が積層してなる複合成形体を作製した。
該複合成形体の任意の場所を、シャーリング加工(DSW3500P(メイワフォーシス社製))により切断した。
その後、切断面のシートと上下の銅板との接合部の任意の箇所に対してイオンミリング処理(ArBlade5000(日立ハイテク社製))をすることで断面加工を行った。
その後、処理した箇所の任意の場所を断面SEM観察し(Ultra55(Zeiss社製)、加速3kV、倍率150倍、二次電子像、画像サイズ(1024×768pixel))、シートと上下の銅板との接合部をそれぞれ観察したSEM画像を得た。
実施例1及び比較例1で得たシート状樹脂組成物を用いて作製した複合成形体について、シート状樹脂硬化物と銅板との上側接合部及び下側接合部それぞれの断面SEMを図3及び図4に示す。
図2に示すように、界面剥離率の計算は、上記で得たSEM画像の樹脂硬化物と上下の銅板との各接合部において、まず銅板の粗化部の画像中の最も深い谷底2点を繋いで、谷底線とし、その基準長さを764μmに設定した。ただし、傷とみなされるような並外れて高低の大きい谷がない部分を選んだ。その線から樹脂材料方向に垂直方向に12μmのサイズで切り出された範囲の画像に対して行った。
切り出された画像を二値化し、銅板、樹脂組成物の構成成分である無機フィラー、樹脂以下のコントラスト領域を空隙として抜粋した。その面積を、切り出した範囲である12μm×764μmの面積で割り、100を掛けることで樹脂硬化物と上下の銅板との各接合部における割合値A(%)と割合値B(%)を得た。そして割合値Aと割合値Bのうち、絶対値の大きい値を界面剥離率(%)と定義した。
樹脂成分1~樹脂成分3、硬化剤1および硬化触媒1~2をそれぞれ、下記表1に示すように秤量し、メチルエチルケトンとシクロヘキサノンを適量加えて、自転公転式撹拌装置を用いて混合して樹脂混合物を調製した。
この樹脂混合物を、ドクターブレード法でPET製基材上に塗布し、60℃120分間加熱乾燥を行い、PET製基材上に“樹脂シートA”が積層してなる“サンプルA”を作製した。
また、このサンプルAに対して、さらに180℃30分間加熱乾燥を行い、PET製基材上に“硬化樹脂シートB”が積層してなる“サンプルB”を作製した。
その結果、サンプルAの密度は、1.19g/cm3、サンプルBの密度は1.23g/cm3であった。
そして、その算出結果から((サンプルBの密度)―(サンプルAの密度))/(サンプルBの密度)*100の式に基づき、硬化収縮率を計算したところ、3.3%となった。
さらに、上記硬化収縮率の測定結果をもとに、実施例及び比較例の樹脂硬化物の全固形分における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子のVol%、並びに、樹脂硬化物の全固形分における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーのVol%を計算した。
上記実施例・比較例の結果、並びに、これまで本発明者が行ってきた試験結果から、エポキシ樹脂を主成分樹脂として含有し、無機フィラーとして窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物において、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの含有割合を制限すると共に、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の含有量を所定範囲に限定することで、粗化面を有する被着体に加圧プレスして熱伝導性樹脂シートを密着させる場合に、低圧力のプレスであっても、被着体と当該シートとの間に生じる空隙の発生を抑制することができ、良好な密着性と共に、高絶縁性、高熱伝導率を兼ね備えることができることが分かった。具体的には、熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分における前記窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の割合を40体積%以上50体積%以下とし、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの割合を7体積%以下とすることで、そのような効果を得られると考えられる。
上記樹脂成分1~樹脂成分3、無機フィラー1~4,硬化剤1および硬化触媒1~2をそれぞれ、下記表2に示すように秤量し、固形分濃度63質量%となるように、メチルエチルケトンとシクロヘキサノンを加えて、自転公転式撹拌装置を用いて混合して塗布スラリーを調製した。
なお、表2では、硬化触媒の質量を1とし、各原料の質量比率はそれに対する比率として示した。
実施例4~6及び比較例3,4で得られたシート状樹脂組成物をそれぞれ、実施例1~3及び比較例1~2と同様の方法で熱伝導率測定用サンプルを作製し、同様に熱伝導率を測定した。
実施例4~6及び比較例3,4で得られたシート状樹脂組成物の一方の面に、実施例1~3及び比較例1~2と同様の方法で作製した粗化銅板の粗化面を重ねて載せて、同様の方法でBDV用サンプルである複合成形体を作製し、同様にBDVを測定した。
実施例4~6及び比較例3,4で得られたシート状樹脂組成物を用いて、実施例1~3及び比較例1~2と同様の方法で複合成形体を作製し、同様に、SAT測定、断面SEMの測定、及び、界面剥離率の算出を行った。結果を表2に示す。
上記樹脂成分1~樹脂成分3、硬化剤1および硬化触媒1~2をそれぞれ、下記表2に示すように秤量し、メチルエチルケトンとシクロヘキサノンを適量加えて、自転公転式撹拌装置を用いて混合して樹脂混合物を調製した。そして、実施例1~3及び比較例1~2と同様の方法でサンプルA及びサンプルBを作製し、どうように、樹脂シートA、硬化樹脂シートBの密度を算出した。
その結果、サンプルAの密度は1.19g/cm3、サンプルBの密度は1.23g/cm3であった。
そして、その算出結果から((サンプルBの密度)―(サンプルAの密度))/(サンプルBの密度)*100の式に基づき、硬化収縮率を計算したところ、3.3%となった。
実施例4~6及び比較例3,4についても、実施例1~3及び比較例1~2と同様の方法で、樹脂硬化物の全固形分における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子のVol%、並びに、樹脂硬化物の全固形分における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーのVol%を計算した。
比較例1で得たシート状樹脂組成物を用いて、このシート状樹脂組成物に積層させる銅板として、粗化を行っていない銅板を用いたこと以外は比較例1と同様の方法で、複合成形体を作成し、BDVを測定、SAT測定、断面SEMの測定、界面剥離率の算出を行った。結果を表2に示す。
比較例3のように、熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の割合が50体積%を超えた場合、BDVがNGとなり、剥離率も高い値となることが分かった。
また、比較例4のように、熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の割合が40体積%よりも少ない場合、熱伝導度が低くなることが分かった。また、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーとしてアルミナの割合が7体積%より大きいためBDVが低くなることも分かった。
Claims (18)
- エポキシ樹脂を主成分樹脂として含有し、無機フィラーとして窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物であって、
前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分における前記窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の割合が40体積%以上50体積%以下であり、かつ前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全固形分における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの割合が7体積%以下であることを特徴とする熱硬化性樹脂組成物。 - 硬化触媒としてイミダゾールを有する化合物を少なくとも1種以上含む、請求項1に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 熱硬化後の熱伝導率が12W/mK以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂として、質量平均分子量10,000以上のポリマーを有する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂として多官能エポキシ樹脂を有し、多官能エポキシ樹脂の分子量は650以下である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記多官能エポキシ樹脂は、一分子当たりエポキシ基を3つ以上有する多官能エポキシ樹脂である請求項5に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 粗化面を有する金属部材の該粗化面に積層するのに用いる熱硬化性樹脂組成物であって、当該粗化面は、JIS B 0601(2001)に準じて測定される表面粗さRa値が0.5μm以上2μm以下であり、かつ表面粗さRz値が2μm以上12μm以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
- JIS B 0601(2001)に準じて測定される表面粗さRa値が0.5μm以上2μm以下であり、かつ表面粗さRz値が2μm以上12μm以下の粗化面を有する金属部材の該粗化面に、加圧圧力70kgf/cm2未満、加圧時温度40~300℃の熱プレスにより熱硬化性樹脂組成物を積層して、前記金属部材にシート状硬化物が積層して複合成形体を作製した場合、金属部材とシート状硬化物との積層界面をSEMの断面画像で観察した際の界面剥離率が0.8%以下あり、前記複合成形体の絶縁破壊電圧(BDV)が5kV以上となり、
熱硬化性樹脂組成物をシート状に成形して硬化させてなるシート状硬化物における厚み方向の熱伝導率が12W/mK以上となる、窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物。 - 前記該窒化ホウ素凝集粒子が、カードハウス構造を有する窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 厚み50μm以上400μm以下であるシート状の請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物を用いた樹脂硬化物。
- 請求項11に記載の樹脂硬化物と、金属製部材とを有する複合成形体。
- 前記金属製部材が、JIS B 0601(2001)に準じて測定される表面粗さRa値が0.5μm以上2μm以下であり、かつ表面粗さRz値が2μm以上12μm以下の粗化面を有する、請求項12に記載の複合成形体。
- 前記金属製部材が銅製である、請求項12又は13に記載の複合成形体。
- 無機フィラーとして窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する樹脂硬化物であって、前記樹脂硬化物における前記窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の割合が40体積%以上50体積%以下であり、かつ前記樹脂硬化物における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの割合が7体積%以下であることを特徴とする樹脂硬化物。
- JIS B0601(2001)に準じて測定される表面粗さRa値が0.5μm以上2μm以下であり、かつ表面粗さRz値が2μm以上12μm以下の粗化面を有する金属製部材と、
前記粗化面上に設けられた樹脂硬化物を有し、
前記樹脂硬化物は、請求項11又は15に記載の樹脂硬化物である複合成形体。 - JIS B0601(2001)に準じて測定される表面粗さRa値が0.5μm以上2μm以下であり、かつ表面粗さRz値が2μm以上12μm以下の粗化面を有する金属部材の該粗化面に、設けられた樹脂硬化物層を有する複合成形体であって、
前記複合成形体の金属部材と樹脂硬化物層との積層界面をSEMの断面画像で観察した際の界面剥離率が0.8%以下あり、
前記複合成形体の絶縁破壊電圧(BDV)が5kV以上であり、
前記樹脂硬化物層における厚み方向の熱伝導率が12W/mK以上であり、
前記樹脂硬化物が窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する複合成形体。 - 前記樹脂硬化物層は、無機フィラーとして窒化ホウ素凝集粒子を含有する樹脂硬化物からなり、
前記樹脂硬化物における前記窒化ホウ素凝集粒子の割合が40体積%以上50体積%以下であり、かつ前記樹脂硬化物における窒化ホウ素凝集粒子以外の無機フィラーの割合が7体積%以下である請求項17に記載の複合成形体。
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US20250034354A1 (en) | 2025-01-30 |
EP4502000A1 (en) | 2025-02-05 |
TW202348717A (zh) | 2023-12-16 |
KR20240163596A (ko) | 2024-11-19 |
CN118382656A (zh) | 2024-07-23 |
JPWO2023189030A1 (ja) | 2023-10-05 |
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