WO2023182249A1 - ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびそれを用いた偏光膜、ならびに偏光板 - Google Patents
ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびそれを用いた偏光膜、ならびに偏光板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023182249A1 WO2023182249A1 PCT/JP2023/010794 JP2023010794W WO2023182249A1 WO 2023182249 A1 WO2023182249 A1 WO 2023182249A1 JP 2023010794 W JP2023010794 W JP 2023010794W WO 2023182249 A1 WO2023182249 A1 WO 2023182249A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- film
- polyvinyl alcohol
- polarizing
- polarizing film
- less
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 59
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 43
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 229
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 54
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 36
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 8
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- -1 etc.) Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000000180 1,2-diols Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009125 cardiac resynchronization therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000911 decarboxylating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWWXARALRVYLAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxybut-3-enyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(C=C)OC(C)=O MWWXARALRVYLAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGDCJKDZZUALAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoxypropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)OCC=C IGDCJKDZZUALAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000034628 Celiac artery compression syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodine aqueous Chemical compound [K+].I[I-]I DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)OC(=O)C)O)O SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940081735 acetylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005907 ketalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000569 multi-angle light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003791 organic solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/34—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C41/36—Feeding the material on to the mould, core or other substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film, and more specifically, during the production of a polarizing film, it has the effect of reducing tension during stretching and suppressing the amount of impurities eluted from the polyvinyl alcohol film, and can be produced with a high yield.
- the present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film, a manufacturing method, and a polarizing film using the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- polyvinyl alcohol films have been used for many purposes as films with excellent transparency, and one of their useful uses is as a polarizing film.
- polarizing films are used as basic components of liquid crystal displays, and in recent years, their use has been expanded to devices that require high quality and high reliability.
- polyvinyl alcohol films are manufactured from an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin by a continuous casting method. Specifically, an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin is cast onto a cast mold such as a cast drum or an endless belt, and after peeling the resulting film from the cast mold, it is cast in the machine direction (MD direction) using nip rolls or the like. It is manufactured by drying using hot rolls or a floating dryer while being transported. In this conveyance process, the film is pulled in the machine direction (MD direction), so the polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer is likely to be oriented in the MD direction.
- MD direction machine direction
- polarizing films are generally manufactured by swelling the original polyvinyl alcohol film with water (including warm water), dyeing it with a dichroic dye such as iodine, and stretching it. Ru.
- this swelling step it is important to swell the polyvinyl alcohol film quickly and to swell the polyvinyl alcohol film uniformly so that the dye can smoothly penetrate into the film in the dyeing step.
- this stretching process is a process in which the dyed film is stretched in the machine direction (MD direction) to highly orient the dichroic dye in the film.
- MD direction machine direction
- low molecular weight substances with a molecular weight of 50,000 or less are easily eluted in water, and also have a low polarization degree. They tended to form low-molecular-weight iodine complexes that lowered the
- Methods for improving stretchability include, for example, a method of controlling the speed of the cast drum and the final winding speed (for example, see Patent Document 1), and a method of controlling the birefringence averaged in the thickness direction of the polyvinyl alcohol film in the longitudinal direction.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film (for example, see Patent Document 2) has been proposed in which each value in the width direction satisfies a specific relational expression.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film (for example, see Patent Document 3) has been proposed, which is characterized in that the curl angle in the short side direction measured under specific conditions is 135° or less.
- Patent Document 1 specifies the degree of stretching (stretching) in the MD direction when manufacturing a polyvinyl alcohol film, but for a thin polyvinyl alcohol film, Stretchability is not disclosed. Furthermore, polyvinyl alcohol films stretched in the machine direction (MD direction) with a ratio of the speed of the cast drum to the final winding speed of more than 1 tend to have reduced stretchability during the production of polarizing films. On the other hand, if the ratio between the speed of the cast drum and the final winding speed is lower than 0.9, the transport (manufacturing) stability tends to deteriorate due to wrinkles and slack.
- Patent Document 2 Although the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 can exhibit high stretchability, there is room for improvement in reducing the elution of the polyvinyl alcohol resin during the swelling process.
- Patent Document 3 Although the technique disclosed in Patent Document 3 can obtain a polyvinyl alcohol film with a small amount of elution, there is still room for improvement in stretchability to obtain a polarizing film that is required to have a high degree of polarization these days.
- the present invention provides a polyvinyl alcohol film that has excellent stretchability and can suppress breakage during the production of a polarizing film and can provide a polarizing film that exhibits high polarizing performance.
- the inventors of the present invention have succeeded in manufacturing a polarizing film by controlling both the crystallinity of the polyvinyl alcohol film and the percentage of undissolved crystals after immersion in water for 30 seconds within a specific range. It has been found that the amount of elution of polyvinyl alcohol resin during production can be reduced, and a polarizing film that exhibits high polarizing performance with less breakage during polarizing film production can be obtained.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [4].
- [1] A polyvinyl alcohol film having a crystallinity of 38% or more and an undissolved crystal percentage of 18% or less after being immersed in water for 30 seconds.
- [2] The polyvinyl alcohol film according to [1], wherein the polyvinyl alcohol film has a thickness of 10 to 70 ⁇ m.
- [3] A polarizing film obtained using the polyvinyl alcohol film described in [1] or [2].
- [4] [3] A polarizing plate comprising the polarizing film described in [3] and a protective film provided on at least one side of the polarizing film.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention has good stretchability and is hard to break when producing a polarizing film, so it can be highly stretched and a polarizing film with high polarizing performance can be obtained. Since the elution and precipitation of the polarizing film can be suppressed, contamination of the polarizing film production equipment can be suppressed and production can be performed with a high yield.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention has a degree of crystallinity of 38% or more, and a percentage of undissolved crystals after immersion in water for 30 seconds of 18% or less.
- the crystallinity of the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention is required to be 38% or more, preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 42% or more. Further, the upper limit of the degree of crystallinity is usually 50% or less, preferably 47% or less. When the degree of crystallinity is 38% or more, elution of low molecules is reduced, contamination of polarizing film manufacturing equipment is suppressed, and a polyvinyl alcohol film with few defects in the polarizing film is obtained.
- the degree of crystallinity is below the above-mentioned lower limit, the elution of low molecules will increase, contaminating the polarizing film manufacturing equipment, and the polarizing film will have many defects, so that the effects of the present invention will not be achieved.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention needs to have a percentage of undissolved crystals of 18% or less after immersion in water for 30 seconds, preferably 17% or less, particularly preferably 16% or less, and even more preferably 15% or less. be. Further, the lower limit is usually 5% or more, preferably 8% or more, and more preferably 10% or more.
- the undissolved crystal ratio after immersion in water for 30 seconds is 18% or less, the polyvinyl alcohol film has excellent polarizing performance with less breakage due to tension reduction even during high stretching during polarizing film production. In other words, if the percentage of undissolved crystals after immersion in water for 30 seconds exceeds the above upper limit, the effects of the present invention will not be achieved.
- Methods for controlling the above-mentioned degree of crystallinity and the percentage of undissolved crystals after immersion in water for 30 seconds within a predetermined range include, for example, a method of adjusting the molecular weight and degree of saponification of the polyvinyl alcohol resin as a raw material; A method of introducing a small amount of modified group, a method of washing polyvinyl alcohol resin to improve its purity, a method of controlling the crystallinity and orientation state of polymers in the process of forming a film from an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a method of film formation.
- Methods of controlling the drying state of the film during and after the film formation can be mentioned, but in the present invention, a method of controlling the drying state of the film during and after the film formation is preferred, and in particular, the temperature in the casting mold and the rate of moisture evaporation are preferred.
- a method of adjusting the above is preferable because it is easy to adjust the degree of crystallinity and the percentage of undissolved crystals after immersion in water for 30 seconds.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film specified in the present invention is made by controlling individual crystal clusters so that they do not become relatively large and by controlling the overall crystallinity to be high, so that even though it is highly crystalline, it can be produced easily. It was also possible to improve the stretchability and reduce the amount of elution.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention is preferably produced through the following steps (A) to (C), and preferably also through step (D) if necessary.
- - Step (A) A step of preparing an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution.
- - Step (B) A step of casting an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin into a cast mold to form a film.
- - Step (C) A step of heating and drying the formed film by bringing it into contact with a plurality of heat rolls.
- - Step (D) A step of heat-treating the obtained film using hot air.
- Step (A) is a step of preparing an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin that is the material of the polyvinyl alcohol film and the polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution will be explained.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin constituting the polyvinyl alcohol film is usually an unmodified polyvinyl alcohol resin, that is, a resin produced by saponifying polyvinyl acetate obtained by polymerizing vinyl acetate. used.
- a resin obtained by saponifying a copolymer of vinyl acetate and a small amount (usually 10 mol% or less, preferably 5 mol% or less) of a component copolymerizable with vinyl acetate can also be used.
- Components copolymerizable with vinyl acetate include, for example, unsaturated carboxylic acids (including salts, esters, amides, nitriles, etc.), olefins having 2 to 30 carbon atoms (such as ethylene, propylene, n-butene, etc.). , isobutene, etc.), vinyl ethers, unsaturated sulfonates, and the like.
- a modified polyvinyl alcohol resin obtained by chemically modifying the hydroxyl group after saponification can also be used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a 1,2-diol structure in the side chain can also be used.
- a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a 1,2-diol structure in its side chain can be obtained by, for example, (i) a method of saponifying a copolymer of vinyl acetate and 3,4-diacetoxy-1-butene, (ii) acetic acid.
- a method for saponifying and decarboxylating a copolymer of vinyl and vinyl ethylene carbonate (iii) a method for saponifying and decarboxylating a copolymer of vinyl acetate and 2,2-dialkyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane. It can be obtained by a method of ketalization, (iv) a method of saponifying a copolymer of vinyl acetate and glycerin monoallyl ether, and the like.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is preferably 100,000 to 300,000, particularly preferably 110,000 to 280,000, and even more preferably 120,000 to 260,000. If the weight average molecular weight is too small, it tends to be difficult to obtain sufficient optical performance when polyvinyl alcohol resin is used as an optical film, and if it is too large, stretching is tends to be difficult. Note that the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is the weight average molecular weight measured by GPC-MALS method.
- the average saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol resin used in the present invention is usually preferably 98 mol% or more, particularly preferably 99 mol% or more, still more preferably 99.5 mol% or more, particularly preferably 99. It is 8 mol% or more. If the average degree of saponification is too small, sufficient optical performance tends to not be obtained when a polyvinyl alcohol film is used as a polarizing film.
- the average degree of saponification in the present invention is measured according to JIS K 6726.
- polyvinyl alcohol resin used in the present invention two or more types having different modified species, modified amount, weight average molecular weight, average saponification degree, etc. may be used in combination.
- an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution that will be a film forming stock solution is prepared.
- the resin concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution is 5 to 70% by weight, preferably 10 to 60% by weight.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution may contain commonly used plasticizers such as glycerin, diglycerin, triglycerin, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and trimethylolpropane, if necessary. From the viewpoint of film-forming properties, it is more preferable to contain a surfactant and at least one of nonionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resin concentration of the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution thus obtained is preferably 15 to 60% by mass, particularly preferably 17 to 55% by mass, and even more preferably 20 to 50% by mass. If the resin concentration of such an aqueous solution is too low, the drying load will increase and production capacity will tend to decrease, and if it is too high, the viscosity will become too high and uniform dissolution will tend to be difficult.
- aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution is defoamed.
- defoaming methods include methods such as stationary defoaming and defoaming using a multi-screw extruder.
- the multi-screw extruder may be any multi-screw extruder with a vent, and usually a twin-screw extruder with a vent is used.
- Step (B) is a step of forming a film by casting an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol resin into a cast mold. After the above defoaming treatment, the polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution is introduced into a T-shaped slit die in fixed amounts, and is discharged and cast onto a rotating casting mold to form a film by a continuous casting method.
- the resin temperature of the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution at the exit of the T-shaped slit die is preferably 80 to 100°C, particularly preferably 85 to 98°C. If the resin temperature of such an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution is too low, it tends to have poor flowability, and if it is too high, it tends to foam.
- the viscosity of such an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution is preferably 50 to 200 Pa ⁇ s, particularly preferably 70 to 150 Pa ⁇ s, at the time of discharge. If the viscosity of such an aqueous solution is too high, flowability tends to be poor, and if it is too low, casting tends to be difficult.
- the discharge speed of the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution discharged from the T-shaped slit die to the cast mold is preferably 0.2 to 5 m/min, particularly preferably 0.4 to 4 m/min, and even more preferably 0.2 to 5 m/min.
- the speed is 6 to 3 m/min. If the discharge speed is too slow, productivity tends to decrease, and if it is too fast, casting tends to become difficult.
- the diameter of the drum is preferably 2 to 5 m, particularly preferably 2.4 to 4.5 m, and even more preferably 2.8 to 4 m. If the diameter is too small, the drying section on the cast drum becomes short, making it difficult to increase the speed, while if it is too large, the transportability tends to decrease.
- the width of such a cast mold is preferably at least 4 m, particularly preferably at least 4.5 m, even more preferably at least 5 m, particularly preferably from 5 to 8 m. If the width of the casting mold is too small, productivity tends to decrease.
- the speed of such a casting mold is preferably 3 to 50 m/min, particularly preferably 7 to 40 m/min, and even more preferably 10 to 35 m/min. If this speed is too slow, productivity tends to decrease, and if it is too fast, drying tends to be insufficient.
- the upper limit of the surface temperature of such a cast mold is preferably 100°C or less, since foaming during drying can be suppressed and a film with excellent appearance can be obtained, particularly preferably 97°C or less, more preferably 95°C or less,
- the temperature is particularly preferably 92°C or lower.
- the lower limit is 60°C or higher in terms of excellent releasability when peeling the film obtained by forming the film from the cast mold, particularly preferably 65°C or higher, still more preferably 70°C or higher, and especially
- the temperature is preferably 75°C or higher, particularly preferably 80°C or higher.
- the moisture content of the film immediately after being peeled off from the cast mold is preferably 18% by mass or less, particularly preferably 17% by mass or less, even more preferably 16% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 15% by mass or less. If the moisture content is too high, the percentage of undissolved crystals tends to increase, resulting in high tension during the production of the polarizing film, which tends to cause breakage. Further, the moisture content immediately after peeling is preferably 3% by mass or more, particularly preferably 5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 7% by mass or more. If the moisture content is too low, the film tends to curl easily.
- the lower limit of the moisture evaporation rate on the cast mold is preferably 1.65%/second or more, particularly preferably 1.7%/second or more, still more preferably 1.75%/second or more, especially Preferably it is 1.8%/sec or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 3.0%/second or less, particularly preferably 2.7%/second or less, and even more preferably 2.6%/second or less. If the rate of water evaporation on the cast mold is too slow, the percentage of undissolved crystals tends to increase, resulting in high tension during polarizing film production, which tends to cause breakage; if it is too fast, the appearance of waviness etc. It tends to lead to defects.
- Step (C) is a step of heating and drying the formed film.
- the film peeled from the cast mold (the above-formed film) is transported in the machine direction (MD direction) using nip rolls, etc., and the front and back surfaces of the film are brought into contact with a plurality of heat rolls alternately.
- the heat roll is, for example, a roll having a diameter of 0.2 to 2 m and whose surface is hard chrome plated or mirror-finished.
- Hot roll drying is usually carried out using 2 to 30 rolls, preferably 10 to 25 rolls.
- the surface temperature of such a hot roll is not particularly limited, but it is usually 60 to 150°C, preferably 70 to 140°C. If the surface temperature is too low, drying tends to be insufficient, and if it is too high, it tends to be too dry, resulting in poor appearance such as waviness.
- the upper limit of the hot roll drying time is preferably 60 seconds or less, particularly preferably 55 seconds or less, even more preferably 50 seconds or less, particularly preferably 45 seconds or less. Further, the lower limit is preferably 20 seconds or more, particularly preferably 25 seconds or more, still more preferably 27 seconds or more, particularly preferably 30 seconds or more. If the hot roll drying time is too long, the dyeability during polarizing film production tends to deteriorate, and if it is too fast, wrinkles and folds may easily occur in the film during the swelling process during polarizing film production, which may affect the appearance of the polarizing film. tends to decrease.
- Step (D) is a step of heat-treating the obtained film using hot air.
- the film that has undergone the above step (C) may be heat-treated using, for example, a floating dryer.
- the upper limit of the temperature of such heat treatment is preferably 140°C or lower, particularly preferably 137°C or lower, even more preferably 135°C or lower, particularly preferably 130°C or lower.
- the lower limit is preferably 100°C or higher, particularly preferably 103°C or higher, still more preferably 105°C or higher, particularly preferably 110°C or higher.
- the heat treatment temperature is too high, the dyeability during polarizing film production tends to decrease, and if it is too low, the film tends to wrinkle or fold during the swelling process during polarizing film production, which tends to deteriorate the appearance of the polarizing film.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 20 to 100 seconds, particularly preferably 40 to 70 seconds.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention thus obtained is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of production stability of the polarizing film, particularly preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 25 ⁇ m. That's all.
- the upper limit is preferably 70 ⁇ m or less in terms of reducing warpage of a liquid crystal display using a polarizing film manufactured from a polyvinyl alcohol film, particularly preferably 60 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 45 ⁇ m or less, More preferably, it is 35 ⁇ m or less.
- the length of the polyvinyl alcohol film is usually 1 km or more, preferably 4 km or more from the viewpoint of increasing the area of the polarizing film, and particularly preferably 5 to 50 km from the viewpoint of transport mass.
- the width of the polyvinyl alcohol film is preferably 4 m or more from the viewpoint of widening the polarizing film, particularly preferably 5 m or more, and even more preferably 5 to 6 m from the viewpoint of avoiding breakage during production of the polarizing film.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention is useful for optical applications.
- it is very useful as a base film for polarizing films, and a method for manufacturing a polarizing film and a polarizing plate made of the polyvinyl alcohol film will be described below.
- the amount of polyvinyl alcohol resin eluted from the polyvinyl alcohol film is preferably 40 ppm or less, particularly preferably 35 ppm or less, and even more preferably 30 ppm or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing contamination of polarizing film manufacturing equipment.
- the most preferable lower limit is 0 ppm.
- the elution amount of the polyvinyl alcohol resin can be measured, for example, by the method described in Examples below.
- the stretching tension of the polyvinyl alcohol film is preferably 0.8 N/mm or less, particularly preferably 0.75 N/mm or less, and even more preferably 0.7 N/mm or less from the viewpoint of suppressing breakage during polarizing film production. It is.
- the lower limit is usually 0.30 N/mm.
- the stretching tension of the polyvinyl alcohol film can be measured, for example, by the method described in Examples below.
- the polarizing film of the present invention is produced by unwinding the obtained polyvinyl alcohol film from a roll, transporting it horizontally, and performing steps such as swelling, dyeing, boric acid crosslinking, stretching, washing, and drying.
- the swelling process is performed before the dyeing process.
- the swelling process not only makes it possible to clean dirt from the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol film, but also has the effect of preventing uneven dyeing and the like by swelling the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- water is usually used as the treatment liquid.
- the main component of the treatment liquid is water, it may contain additives such as iodized compounds and surfactants, alcohol, and the like.
- the temperature of the swelling bath is usually about 10 to 45°C, and the immersion time in the swelling bath is usually about 0.1 to 10 minutes.
- the dyeing process is carried out by contacting the film with a liquid containing iodine or a dichroic dye.
- a liquid containing iodine or a dichroic dye usually, an aqueous solution of iodine-potassium iodide is used, and the appropriate concentration of iodine is 0.1 to 2 g/L, and the concentration of potassium iodide is 1 to 100 g/L.
- a practical staining time is about 30 to 500 seconds.
- the temperature of the treatment bath is preferably 5 to 50°C.
- the aqueous solution may contain a small amount of an organic solvent that is compatible with water.
- the boric acid crosslinking step is performed using boron compounds such as boric acid and borax.
- the boron compound is used in the form of an aqueous solution or a water-organic solvent mixture at a concentration of about 10 to 100 g/L, and it is preferable to coexist potassium iodide in the solution from the viewpoint of stabilizing the polarization performance.
- the temperature during treatment is preferably about 30 to 70°C, and the treatment time is preferably about 0.1 to 20 minutes, and a stretching operation may be performed during the treatment if necessary.
- the stretching step it is preferable to stretch the film uniaxially usually 3 to 10 times, preferably 3.5 to 7 times. At this time, there is no problem even if some stretching is performed in the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction (stretching to an extent that prevents shrinkage in the width direction or more).
- the temperature during stretching is preferably 40 to 170°C.
- the stretching ratio may ultimately be set within the above range, and the stretching operation may be performed not only in one step but also multiple times in the manufacturing process.
- the cleaning step is performed, for example, by immersing the film in water or an aqueous iodide solution such as potassium iodide, and can remove precipitates generated on the surface of the film.
- an aqueous potassium iodide solution such as potassium iodide
- the potassium iodide concentration may be about 10 to 1000 g/L.
- the temperature during the cleaning treatment is usually 5 to 50°C, preferably 10 to 45°C.
- the treatment time is usually 1 to 300 seconds, preferably 10 to 240 seconds. Note that washing with water and washing with an aqueous potassium iodide solution may be performed in an appropriate combination.
- the drying step is performed, for example, by using a dryer at 40 to 100° C. for 0.1 to 10 minutes.
- the degree of polarization of such a polarizing film is preferably 99.90% or more, more preferably 99.99% or more, and the upper limit is 100%. If the degree of polarization is too low, the contrast in a liquid crystal display tends to decrease.
- the degree of polarization is generally determined by the light transmittance (H 11 ) measured at wavelength ⁇ with two polarizing films stacked so that their orientation directions are in the same direction, and the light transmittance (H 11 ) of the two polarizing films. It is calculated according to the following formula ( 1 ) from the light transmittance (H 1 ) measured at the wavelength ⁇ in a state where they are superimposed so that the orientation directions are perpendicular to each other.
- Degree of polarization [(H 11 - H 1 )/(H 11 + H 1 )] 1/2 ...(1)
- the single transmittance of the polarizing film of the present invention is preferably 43% or more. If the single transmittance is too low, there is a tendency that high brightness of the liquid crystal display cannot be achieved.
- Single transmittance is a value obtained by measuring the light transmittance of a single polarizing film using a spectrophotometer.
- the polarizing film of the present invention has little color unevenness and is suitable for producing a polarizing plate with excellent polarization performance.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention is produced by laminating an optically isotropic resin film as a protective film to one or both sides of the polarizing film of the present invention via an adhesive.
- a protective film for example, a film made of acetyl cellulose resin such as triacetyl cellulose or diacetyl cellulose, a film made of polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, a polycarbonate resin film, cyclo Examples include olefin resin films, acrylic resin films, and films made of chain olefin resins such as polypropylene resins.
- the bonding method is carried out by a known method, but for example, after uniformly applying a liquid adhesive composition to the polarizing film, the protective film, or both, the two are bonded together and pressure-bonded, followed by heating or This is done by irradiating active energy rays.
- a polarizing plate can also be obtained by applying a curable resin such as urethane resin, acrylic resin, or urea resin to one or both sides of the polarizing film and curing it to form a cured layer.
- a curable resin such as urethane resin, acrylic resin, or urea resin
- the cured layer can serve as a substitute for the protective film, and the film can be made thinner.
- the polarizing film and polarizing plate obtained using the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention have excellent polarization performance, and are used in mobile information terminals, personal computers, televisions, projectors, signage, electronic desktop calculators, electronic watches, word processors, and electronic paper. , game consoles, videos, cameras, photo albums, thermometers, audio, liquid crystal display devices for automobiles and mechanical instruments, sunglasses, anti-glare glasses, stereoscopic glasses, wearable displays, foldable displays, display elements (CRT, It is preferably used for antireflection layers for LCDs, organic EL, electronic paper, etc.), optical communication equipment, medical equipment, building materials, toys, etc.
- Example 1> (Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol film)
- a 500 L melting 100 kg of polyvinyl alcohol resin with a weight average molecular weight of 156,000 and a degree of saponification of 99.8 mol%, 300 kg of water, 11.5 kg of glycerin as a plasticizer, and 0.0 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfonate as a surfactant.
- 03 kg was added thereto, and the temperature was raised to 150° C. while stirring to perform pressurized dissolution, thereby obtaining an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution with a resin concentration of 26.0%.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution is supplied to a twin-screw extruder equipped with a vent and degassed, the aqueous solution temperature is set to 95°C, and the solution is discharged from the T-shaped slit die outlet to a rotating cast mold temperature of 88°C.
- the mixture was cast and retained on the casting mold for 34 seconds to form a film at a water evaporation rate of 1.9%/second.
- the moisture content of the film was 10%.
- the front and back sides of the film were dried for 34 seconds while being alternately brought into contact with a total of 10 heat rolls, and then heat treated by blowing hot air at 125°C from both sides of the film, and finally slit.
- the film was wound up to obtain a roll-shaped polyvinyl alcohol film (film thickness: 30 ⁇ m, width: 0.6 m, length: 1 km).
- the properties of the obtained polyvinyl alcohol film were as shown in Table 1.
- the material was stretched in the machine direction (MD direction) to 2.3 times the original material, and then immersed in an aqueous solution (59°C) with a composition of 30 g/L of boric acid and 30 g/L of potassium iodide.
- the film was then uniaxially stretched in the machine direction (MD direction) up to 5.9 times the original film while crosslinking with boric acid.
- it was washed with an aqueous potassium iodide solution and dried at 80° C. for 40 seconds to obtain a polarizing film.
- the polarizing performance of the polarizing film was as shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Polyvinyl alcohol A series film was obtained. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained polyvinyl alcohol film and the properties of the polarizing film obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the polyvinyl alcohol films of Examples 1 and 2 have a degree of crystallinity and a percentage of undissolved crystals after immersion in water for 30 seconds within the range specified by the present invention, so that the amount eluted from the film during the production of a polarizing film is low, and Since the stretching tension was low, there was no breakage during the production of the polarizing film, and a polarizing film with high polarizing performance was obtained.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of Comparative Example 1 had a high stretching tension when used as a polarizing film, it frequently broke during film forming of a polarizing plate, resulting in poor film formability.
- the polarizing plate obtained by laminating a protective film to a polarizing film that does not break during the production of the polarizing film and has high polarizing performance as in Examples 1 and 2 also has high polarizing performance.
- the polarizing film using the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention has excellent polarization performance, and can be used in mobile information terminals, personal computers, televisions, projectors, signage, electronic desktop calculators, electronic watches, word processors, electronic paper, game consoles, videos, etc.
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Abstract
Description
かかる膨潤工程においては、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを速やかに膨潤させること、および染色工程においてフィルム内部に染料がスムーズに浸入できるようにポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを均一に膨潤させることが重要となる。
また、膨潤工程におけるポリビニルアルコール系フィルムからの溶出による汚染を改良する手法として、例えば、50℃の水に1分間浸漬した際のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の溶出量が、900ppm/m2以下であり、かつ特定の条件で測定した短辺方向のカール角度が、135°以下であることを特徴とするポリビニルアルコール系フィルム(例えば、特許文献3参照)が提案されている。
具体的には、上記特許文献1は、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する時のMD方向への延伸度合い(引っ張り具合)を特定したものであるが、薄膜のポリビニルアルコール系フィルムについて、偏光膜製造時の延伸性は開示されていない。また、キャストドラムの速度と最終巻取速度の比率が1より大きく流れ方向(MD方向)に延伸されたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムは偏光膜製造時の延伸性が低下する傾向にある。一方、キャストドラムの速度と最終巻取速度の比率を0.9より低下させた場合、シワや弛みの影響で搬送(製造)安定性が悪化する傾向にある。
[1]
結晶化度が38%以上、かつ30秒浸水後の溶け残り結晶率が18%以下である、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
[2]
前記ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの厚みが10~70μmである、[1]記載のポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
[3]
[1]または[2]記載のポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いて得られる、偏光膜。
[4]
[3]記載の偏光膜と、前記偏光膜の少なくとも片面に設けられた保護フィルムとを備えている、偏光板。
なお、本発明において「X~Y」(X,Yは任意の数字)と表現する場合、特にことわらない限り「X以上Y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはXより大きい」または「好ましくはYより小さい」の意も包含する。
また、「X以上」(Xは任意の数字)または「Y以下」(Yは任意の数字)と表現した場合、「Xより大きいことが好ましい」または「Y未満であることが好ましい」旨の意も包含する。
また、かかる結晶化度の上限は通常50%以下であり、好ましくは47%以下である。
かかる結晶化度が38%以上であることにより、低分子の溶出を低減させ、偏光膜製造設備の汚染を抑制し、偏光膜の欠点の少ないポリビニルアルコール系フィルムとなる。
言い換えると、結晶化度が上記下限値を下回ると、低分子の溶出が上昇し偏光膜製造設備を汚染させ、偏光膜の欠点が多くなり本発明の効果を奏しない。
また、下限は通常5%以上、好ましくは8%以上、更に好ましくは10%以上である。
かかる30秒浸水後の溶け残り結晶率が18%以下であることにより、偏光膜製造中に高延伸でも張力低減により破断が少なく、偏光性能が優れたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムとなる。
言い換えると、30秒浸水後の溶け残り結晶率が上記上限値を超えると、本発明の効果を奏しない。
・工程(A)ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を調液する工程。
・工程(B)ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の水溶液をキャスト型に流延して製膜する工程。
・工程(C)製膜されたフィルムを複数の熱ロールと接触させることにより加熱して乾燥する工程。
・工程(D)得られたフィルムを熱風を用いて熱処理する工程。
工程(A)ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を調液する工程である。
まず、上記ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの材料であるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、およびポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液に関して説明する。
本発明において、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを構成するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂としては、通常、未変性のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、すなわち、酢酸ビニルを重合して得られるポリ酢酸ビニルをケン化して製造される樹脂が用いられる。必要に応じて、酢酸ビニルと、少量(通常10モル%以下、好ましくは5モル%以下)の酢酸ビニルと共重合可能な成分との共重合体をケン化して得られる樹脂を用いることもできる。酢酸ビニルと共重合可能な成分としては、例えば、不飽和カルボン酸(例えば、塩、エステル、アミド、ニトリル等を含む)、炭素数2~30のオレフィン類(例えば、エチレン、プロピレン、n-ブテン、イソブテン等)、ビニルエーテル類、不飽和スルホン酸塩等が挙げられる。また、ケン化後の水酸基を化学修飾して得られる変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を用いることもできる。これらは単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
ここで、本発明における平均ケン化度は、JIS K 6726に準じて測定されるものである。
工程(B)はポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の水溶液をキャスト型に流延して製膜する工程である。
上記脱泡処理ののち、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液は、一定量ずつT型スリットダイに導入され、回転するキャスト型上に吐出および流延されて、連続キャスト法によりフィルムに製膜される。
かかるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液の樹脂温度が低すぎると流動不良となる傾向があり、高すぎると発泡する傾向がある。
かかる水溶液の粘度が、高すぎると流動不良となる傾向があり、低すぎると流延製膜が困難となる傾向がある。
かかる吐出速度が遅すぎると生産性が低下する傾向があり、速すぎると流延が困難となる傾向がある。
かかる直径が小さすぎるとキャストドラム上での乾燥区間が短くなることから速度が上がりにくい傾向があり、大きすぎると輸送性が低下する傾向がある。
キャスト型の幅が小さすぎると生産性が低下する傾向がある。
かかる速度が遅すぎると生産性が低下する傾向があり、速すぎると乾燥が不十分となる傾向がある。
また、剥離した直後の水分率は3質量%以上であることが好ましく、5質量%以上が特に好ましく、7質量%以上が更に好ましい。水分率が低すぎるとフィルムがカールしやすい傾向がある。
また、上限が3.0%/秒以下であることが好ましく、特に好ましくは2.7%/秒以下、更に好ましくは2.6%/秒以下である。
キャスト型上での水分の蒸発速度が遅すぎると、溶け残り結晶率が大きくなる傾向があり、偏光膜製造時に高張力となり、破断が発生しやすくなる傾向があり、速すぎるとうねり等の外観不良をまねく傾向がある。
工程(C)は上記製膜されたフィルムを加熱して乾燥する工程である。
熱ロール乾燥時間が長くなりすぎると偏光膜製造時の染色性が低下する傾向があり、速くなりすぎると偏光膜製造時の膨潤工程でフィルムにシワや折れが発生しやすくなり、偏光膜の外観が低下する傾向がある。
工程(D)は得られたフィルムを熱風を用いて熱処理する工程である。
上記工程(C)を経たフィルムを、例えばフローティングドライヤー等で熱処理を行なえばよい。
かかる熱処理の温度は、上限が140℃以下であることが好ましく、特に好ましくは137℃以下、更に好ましくは135℃以下、殊に好ましくは130℃以下である。また下限が100℃以上であることが好ましく、特に好ましくは103℃以上、更に好ましくは105℃以上、殊に好ましくは110℃以上である。
熱処理温度が高すぎると偏光膜製造時の染色性が低下する傾向があり、低すぎると偏光膜製造時の膨潤工程でフィルムがシワや折れが発生しやすくなり、偏光膜の外観が低下する傾向がある。
また、熱処理時間は20~100秒間であることが好ましく、特に好ましくは40~70秒間である。
かくして上記工程(A)~(D)を経てポリビニルアルコール系フィルムが得られ、最終的にロールに巻き取られて製品となる。
本発明の偏光膜は、得られた上記ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを、ロールから繰り出して水平方向に移送し、膨潤、染色、ホウ酸架橋、延伸、洗浄、乾燥等の工程を経て製造される。
膨潤工程において、処理液としては、通常、水が用いられる。当該処理液は、主成分が水であれば、ヨウ化化合物、界面活性剤等の添加物、アルコール等が入っていてもよい。膨潤浴の温度は、通常10~45℃程度であり、膨潤浴への浸漬時間は、通常0.1~10分間程度である。
なお、偏光度は、一般的に2枚の偏光膜を、その配向方向が同一方向になるように重ね合わせた状態で波長λにおいて測定した光線透過率(H11)と、2枚の偏光膜を、配向方向が互いに直交する方向になる様に重ね合わせた状態で波長λにおいて測定した光線透過率(H1)により、下記式(1)にしたがって算出される。
偏光度=〔(H11-H1)/(H11+H1)〕1/2 ・・・(1)
単体透過率は、分光光度計を用いて偏光膜単体の光線透過率を測定して得られる値である。
本発明の偏光膜は、色ムラが少なく、偏光性能に優れた偏光板を製造するのに好適である。
本発明の偏光板は、本発明の偏光膜の片面または両面に、接着剤を介して、光学的に等方性な樹脂フィルムを保護フィルムとして貼合することにより、作製される。保護フィルムとしては、例えば、トリアセチルセルロースやジアセチルセルロースのようなアセチルセルロース系樹脂からなるフィルム、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレートおよびポリブチレンテレフタレートのようなポリエステル系樹脂からなるフィルム、ポリカーボネート系樹脂フィルム、シクロオレフィン系樹脂フィルム、アクリル系樹脂フィルム、ポリプロピレン系樹脂の鎖状オレフィン系樹脂からなるフィルムが挙げられる。
なお、例中「部」、「%」とあるのは、質量基準を意味する。
(1)キャスト型から剥離した直後のフィルムの水分率A[%]
キャスト型から剥離された直後のフィルムについて、幅方向センター位置からサンプリングし、初期質量A0(g)を測定した。次に、当該フィルムを83℃の真空乾燥機で20分間乾燥した後の質量A1(g)から、下記式(i)にしたがってフィルムの水分率[%]を算出した。
水分率A[%]=100×(A0-A1)/A0 ・・・(i)
計3回サンプリングして測定した結果の平均値をキャスト型から剥離された直後のフィルムの水分率A[%]とした。
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムから50mm×50mmの試験片を切り出し、83℃に設定した真空乾燥機内で20分間真空乾燥した後、デシケータ内で10分間冷却し、DSC(TA instruments社製Q2000、アルミパン、試料5mg)を用いて、-50℃から250℃まで昇温速度10℃/分で昇温して、サンプル1gあたりの融解熱量ΔH(J/g)を測定し、かかる融解熱量(J/g)より下式(X)にしたがって結晶化度を算出した。
結晶化度=△H(J/g)/156(J/g)×100 ・・・(X)
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを水(水温10℃)に30秒浸水後取り出して表面の水を拭き取った。その後、NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)を用いてソリッドエコー法で測定した。測定方法については下記の通り設定した。
・装置:Bruker AVANCEIII 400WB
・プローブ:4mmΦ CPMPS
・測定温度:25℃
・試料管回転数:0Hz
・観測核:1H(400.3MHz)
・パレスシーケンス:Solid Echo
・1H H90℃パレス:(2.0μs)×(-4.6dB)(224W/300W)
・Echo delay:5μs
・取込時間:4ms
・FIDポイント数:8192
・パレスディレイ:4s
・積算回数:1
得られたFIDの実数部を下記式(Y)にてカーブフィッティングさせ、1成分目(溶け残り成分)と2成分目(軟らかい成分)の1Hのスピン-スピン緩和時間(T2H)とその量(M(0))を算出した。
30秒浸水後の溶け残り結晶率(%)=100×M1(0)/{M1(0)+M2(0)}・・・(Z)
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを23℃50%RHで24時間調湿した後、100mm×100mmの試験片を5枚切り出し、全数(合計0.05m2)を1Lのイオン交換水に50℃1分間浸漬して溶出液を得た。かかる溶出液10mLに発色試薬(イオン交換水500g、ヨウ化カリウム7.4g、ヨウ素0.65g、ホウ酸10.6g)10mLを室温(23℃)で混合した後、分光光度計(島津製作所社製UV-3100PC)を用いて波長690nmの吸光度を測定し、あらかじめ作成した検量線からポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の濃度(ppm)を算出した。
(評価基準)
〇(Good):溶出量40ppm以下
×(Poor):溶出量40ppmを超える
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムをロールから繰り出し、水平方向に搬送しながら、水温25℃の水槽に浸漬して膨潤させながら流れ方向(MD方向)に元の原反を基準として1.6倍に延伸した。かかる膨潤工程で、フィルムに折れやシワは発生しなかった。次に、ヨウ化カリウム30g/Lを含む組成の水溶液(液温28℃)中に浸漬して染色しながら流れ方向(MD方向)に元の原反を基準として2.3倍になるように延伸し、更に、ホウ酸30g/L、ヨウ化カリウム30g/Lの組成の水溶液(液温59℃、当該処理槽を延伸槽という)に浸漬してホウ酸架橋しながら流れ方向(MD方向)に元の原反を基準として5.9倍となるまで一軸延伸したときの張力(N)を測定した。当該張力について、延伸槽出口における加工中の偏光膜の幅(mm)で割った値を5.9倍延伸時張力(N/mm)とした。
当該5.9倍延伸時張力(N/mm)について、下記評価基準に沿って延伸性を評価した。
(評価基準)
○(Good):0.8N/mm以下
×(Poor):0.8N/mmより大きい
上記偏光膜の製造中において、6時間内に偏光膜が破断した回数を測定した。
得られた偏光膜から、長さ4cm×幅4cmのサンプルを切り出し、自動偏光フィルム測定装置(日本分光社製:VAP7070)を用いて、偏光度(%)を測定した。
(評価基準)
○(Good):99.993%以上
×(Poor):99.993%未満
(ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの作製)
500Lの溶解缶に、重量平均分子量156,000、ケン化度99.8モル%のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂100kg、水300kg、可塑剤としてグリセリン11.5kg、および界面活性剤としてドデシルスルホン酸ナトリウム0.03kgを入れ、撹拌しながら150℃まで昇温して加圧溶解を行い、樹脂濃度26.0%のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を得た。
次に該ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を、ベントを有する2軸押出機に供給して脱泡した後、水溶液温度を95℃にし、T型スリットダイ吐出口より、回転するキャスト型温度88℃に吐出および流延しキャスト型上に34秒間滞留、水分の蒸発速度は1.9%/秒で製膜した。得られたフィルムをキャスト型から剥離した直後のフィルムの水分率は10%であった。次に、フィルムの表面と裏面とを合計10本の熱ロールに交互に接触させながら34秒間乾燥を行い、さらに、フィルム両面から125℃の熱風を吹き付けて熱処理を行った後、最後にスリットして巻き取り、ロール状のポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを得た(フィルム厚30μm、幅0.6m、長さ1km)。得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの特性は表1に示される通りであった。
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムをロールから繰り出し、水平方向に搬送しながら、水温25℃の水槽に浸漬して膨潤させながら流れ方向(MD方向)に元の原反を基準として1.6倍に延伸した。かかる膨潤工程で、フィルムに折れやシワは発生しなかった。次に、最終的に得られる偏光膜の単体透過率が43.5%となるようにヨウ素量を調整し、ヨウ化カリウム30g/Lを含む組成の水溶液(28℃)中に浸漬して染色しながら流れ方向(MD方向)に元の原反を基準として2.3倍になるように延伸し、ついでホウ酸30g/L、ヨウ化カリウム30g/Lの組成の水溶液(59℃)に浸漬してホウ酸架橋しながら流れ方向(MD方向)に元の原反を基準として5.9倍まで一軸延伸した。最後に、ヨウ化カリウム水溶液で洗浄を行い、80℃で40秒間乾燥して偏光膜を得た。偏光膜の偏光性能は表1に示される通りであった。
キャスト型の温度を75℃、水分の蒸発速度を1.7%/秒、および剥離された直後のフィルムの水分率を16%に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを得た。得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの特性、および実施例1と同様にして得た偏光膜の特性を表1に示す。
キャスト型の温度を70℃、水分の蒸発速度を1.6%/秒、および剥離された直後のフィルムの水分率を20%に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを得た。得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの特性、および実施例1と同様にして得た偏光膜の特性を表1に示す。
それに対し、比較例1のポリビニルアルコール系フィルムは、偏光膜とした際の延伸張力が高いため、偏光板製膜中に破断が多発し製膜性に劣るものとなった。
また、実施例1および2のように偏光膜製造中に破断がなく偏光性能の高い偏光膜に、保護フィルムを貼り合わせて得られた偏光板も同様に偏光性能が高いことがわかる。
Claims (4)
- 結晶化度が38%以上、かつ30秒浸水後の溶け残り結晶率が18%以下であることを特徴とするポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの厚みが10~70μmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
- 請求項1または2記載のポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いて得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
- 請求項3記載の偏光膜と、前記偏光膜の少なくとも片面に設けられた保護フィルムとを備えていることを特徴とする偏光板。
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WO2017204271A1 (ja) | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびその製造方法、ならびにそのポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いた偏光膜 |
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