WO2023156201A1 - Pierre d'horlogerie et procede de fabrication d'une telle pierre - Google Patents
Pierre d'horlogerie et procede de fabrication d'une telle pierre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023156201A1 WO2023156201A1 PCT/EP2023/052464 EP2023052464W WO2023156201A1 WO 2023156201 A1 WO2023156201 A1 WO 2023156201A1 EP 2023052464 W EP2023052464 W EP 2023052464W WO 2023156201 A1 WO2023156201 A1 WO 2023156201A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pivot
- bearing
- silicon carbide
- counter
- stone
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
- G04B31/06—Manufacture or mounting processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
- G04D3/0074—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment
- G04D3/0094—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment for bearing components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
- G04B31/08—Lubrication
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a watch stone constituting a bearing or counter-pivot comprising at least one part made of silicon carbide.
- the present invention also relates to a timepiece movement and a timepiece comprising such a stone.
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a stone.
- a clockwork stone constituting a bearing or pivot bearing is a part comprising a hollow forming an oil container receiving a lubricant, said stone being pierced with a hole in which a pivot of a pivot axis moves.
- a clockwork stone constituting a counter-pivot is an undrilled stone, flat on one side and curved on the other.
- the tailstock sits on the bushing with the end of the axle pivot passing through the bushing pressing against the flat face of the tailstock.
- the quality of the pivots and stones is of prime importance for the rate stability, the operating autonomy and for the longevity of a mechanical watch.
- a bearing is required to work with a minimum of friction and to retain this quality for as long as possible.
- the pivot, the stone and the lubricant must meet certain conditions, namely:
- reach pivot There are two main types of pivots: the reach pivot and the cone pivot. Reach pivots are used in the cogs up to the escapement wheel except in very high quality movements where they go up to the seconds wheel. Cone pivots are used for the balance wheel and for the escape wheel in high quality watches.
- fluid lubrication is an excellent solution in terms of a good coefficient of friction and low wear rates.
- the oil is not free from defects: it spreads, runs, becomes contaminated, reddens, gums up and blocks the mechanism if it is too old.
- Friction is defined by a dimensionless coefficient, noted p.
- the dynamic coefficient of friction p can vary greatly depending, among other things, on the condition of the surfaces and environmental parameters. Thus, for a metal-metal contact in air, p can vary between 0.2 and 1.5. In the presence of a solid lubricant, it generally reaches between 0.05 and 1 and between 0.1 and 0.2 in the presence of a lubricating oil.
- Tribology is the science that studies friction. We then speak of tribological contact when two surfaces are moved relative to each other. The complete tribological process of a contact between two surfaces, called partners, is complex to understand because it simultaneously involves friction, wear, mechanical deformations and chemical changes at different scales, as well as the transfer of materials.
- Lubrication in watchmaking has three main objectives: to allow isochronism to be preserved reduce wear reduce energy loss by friction.
- the lubricant must be chemically stable, that is to say retain its properties over time.
- the lubricant must have good hold in place, not be subject to the phenomenon of evaporation, have good shear resistance to limit wear and have good resistance to cold. Finally, it must not have a corrosive effect on the lubricated surface.
- Lubrication is obtained by applying foreign bodies placed between the partners, preventing the direct contact of the materials and resulting in a reduction in friction, therefore energy losses, a reduction in wear, and an increase in mechanical efficiency. . It can be of three forms: solid, liquid or gaseous.
- PVD abbreviation of Physical Vapor Deposition
- This process has been used for several years in industry, particularly in the watch industry for surface finishes. It makes it possible to deposit metals for which a deposit is difficult to carry out by the traditional galvanic way, or to deposit ceramics from metals with interesting properties from the mechanical, chemical or even aesthetic point of view.
- the sputtering phenomenon is a physical mechanism. It can be compared to the clash between billiard balls. The incident ion bombarding the material target will set an atom of this material in motion, this movement will be transmitted to the other atoms in contact until the ejection of a surface atom. These atoms will then be deposited on the substrate.
- the growth of the layer is dependent on the surface state on which it grows.
- the layer reproduces the same surface condition, so that the roughness or surface defects will be found in the layer. It is by this method that lubricating coatings such as titanium silico carbide (TiSiC) and amorphous carbon are deposited, for example.
- TiSiC is a ternary ceramic.
- the layer formed on the substrate is composed of nano-crystallized titanium carbide (TiC), amorphous silicon carbide (SiC), and amorphous carbon (C).
- TiC nano-crystallized titanium carbide
- SiC amorphous silicon carbide
- C amorphous carbon
- the SiC molecules are repelled and cluster into nodules. There are then too many carbon atoms to bond with the titanium atoms.
- the carbon gives lubricating properties to the layer and the silicon provides hardness due to the nodules present which put the layer under tension.
- the tribological properties of this deposit are influenced by the transfer of elements between the partners in contact, the reduction of the roughness during the lapping of the contact, the tribochemical reactions between the TiC and H2O of the atmosphere resulting in the formation of a protective layer of titanium oxide (TiO x ) on the surface, and the release of amorphous carbon atoms.
- the hardness of the deposit obtained is approximately 1000 to 1200HV. Its color is metallic gray, similar to a steel.
- the amorphous carbon coating known by the English name “diamond like carbon” (DLC), is widely used in various sectors of industry and in watchmaking, as a functional or decorative surface treatment.
- Carbon has two crystallized forms, called hybridizations, with very different properties. They are distinguished by the spatial arrangement of their atoms and the nature of the bonds.
- the first hybridization named sp 2 , corresponds to the graphitic form of carbon. This hybridization forms a soft material, thermal and electrical conductor, black in color. It has a sheet structure, the atoms of which are arranged in hexagons. Covalent bonds, therefore strong, link the atoms of the same sheet to each other while Van der Waals bonds, weak bonds, link the sheets together, which is at the origin of the lubricating properties of graphite.
- the second hybridization is the diamond form of carbon. This carbon hybridization is hard, transparent, insulating and of face-centered cubic structure, with covalent bonds.
- An amorphous carbon coating consists of a varying amount of sp 3 (diamond) hybridization in an sp 2 (graphite) hybridization matrix.
- the amorphous carbon coating, obtained by PVD, contains on average less than 5% hydrogen and between 40% and 80% sp 3 hybridization.
- the layers obtained are dark gray to black in color, and have interesting hardness and friction resistance properties.
- the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method of manufacturing a watch stone constituting a bearing or a counter-pivot going beyond the current state of the art.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a manufacturing method making it possible to manufacture extremely quickly and reliably clockwork stones constituting a bearing or a counter-pivot, components intended for clockwork movements whose demands in terms of performance and isochronism are extremely high.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a clock stone constituting a bearing or counter-pivot having a surface whose properties are very substantially increased or improved compared to existing components.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a watch stone constituting a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part made of silicon carbide which comprises at least one part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis, said method comprising: a) a step of manufacturing a stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part made of silicon carbide, said manufacturing step comprising at least a step of machining at least said part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis of the part made of silicon carbide; and b) a step of generating at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene on the outer surface of at least the part consisting of silicon carbide of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot obtained in step a) to obtain said clock stone constituting a bearing or a counter-pivot.
- the machining of at least said part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis of the part made of silicon carbide of step a) comprises precision machining without force.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a watch stone constituting a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part made of silicon carbide which comprises at least one part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis, said method comprising: c) a step of manufacturing a rough part of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part made of silicon carbide; d) a step of producing a blank of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part made of silicon carbide at least by machining the raw part obtained in step c); e) at least one step of machining the part consisting of silicon carbide of the blank obtained in step d) to form the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis; f) a step of generating at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene on the outer surface of at least the part consisting of silicon carbide of the blank
- the machining of step e) and/or of step g) comprises precision machining without force.
- step b) or f) for generating at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene is carried out by growth of the graphene by sublimation of the silicon carbide according to a process chosen from the group comprising heating in an oven and heating by a light source, under vacuum or under gas assistance.
- native graphene on the silicon carbide surface of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot.
- This native graphene will constitute a skin or layer which will cover the entire surface of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot.
- This graphene will contribute to improving the properties of silicon carbide, with extremely high mechanical properties, by making it possible for example to obtain a better coefficient of friction, and to increase the properties of rigidity as well as the maximum admissible elastic stress.
- the present invention also relates to a watch stone constituting a bearing or a counter-pivot obtained by the manufacturing process defined above.
- the present invention also relates to a watch stone constituting a bearing or counter-pivot comprising at least one part made of silicon carbide, said part comprising at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene generated on its outer surface.
- said part is intended at least to be in contact with a pivot of the pivot axis.
- the watch stone constituting a bearing or a counter-pivot consists entirely of silicon carbide, and comprises at least one layer of generated native epitaxial graphene present on at least one part intended to be in contact with a pivot of the pivot axis, and preferably over its entire outer surface.
- said clockwork stone constitutes a bearing, the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis being a hole, and at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene being generated on the surface of said hole.
- the present invention also relates to a timepiece movement and a timepiece comprising a timepiece stone constituting a bearing or a counter-pivot as defined above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pivot of a pivot axis positioned in a bearing comprising a bearing and a counter-pivot according to the invention
- Said bearing conventionally comprises a stone of the bearing type 4 and a stone of the counter-pivot type 6 supported by a kitten 8.
- the operation and configuration of such a bearing are known to those skilled in the art and here do not require more than details.
- the bearing 4 is pierced with a hole 10 in which the pivot 1 moves. It also includes a recess 12 forming an oil container arranged to receive a lubricant.
- the dimensions, for example, of a bearing are very small.
- the outside diameter DE is typically between 0.5 mm and 3 mm
- the thickness E is between 0.05 mm and 1 mm
- the inside diameter of the hole 10 is between 0.05 mm and 2 mm.
- the pivot can also be a reach pivot.
- the bearing 4 can be curved in the case of a cone pivot or flat in the case of a reach pivot.
- the hole 10 of the bearing 4 can be cylindrical or olive-shaped.
- the counter-pivot 6 is an undrilled stone, flat on the side of the bearing 4 and curved on the other side.
- the counter-pivot 6 is placed on the bearing 4, the end of the pivot 1 of the axis 2 crossing the bearing 4 pressing against the flat face of the counter-pivot 6.
- the stone constituting a bearing 4 or a counter-pivot 6 comprises at least one part 14 made of silicon carbide, that is to say entirely of silicon carbide.
- part 14 consists only of silicon carbide, with no other element added, except for the inevitable impurities. Indeed, such added elements are likely to harm a correct generation of native epitaxial graphene, or even to prevent the generation of native epitaxial graphene.
- the silicon carbide is polycrystalline or monocrystalline.
- the silicon carbide used in the invention is monocrystalline.
- said part 14 comprises at least one native epitaxial graphene layer 16 generated at the outer surface of said part 14.
- part 14 comprises a core of silicon carbide and at least one outer native graphene layer 16 , directly in contact with the silicon carbide core.
- said part 14 is intended at least to be in contact with a pivot of the pivot axis.
- the stone constituting the bearing 4 or the counter-pivot 6 consists entirely of silicon carbide (with the exception of the inevitable impurities), said at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene 16 generated being present on the entire external surface of the stone, or at least on the part or the zone intended to be in contact with a pivot of the pivot axis, such as for example the surfaces of the walls of the hole 10 for the bearing.
- Native epitaxial graphene, generated by sublimation of silicon carbide can be distinguished from graphene obtained by other processes, such as by depositing a coating, by a lower mobility of charge carriers.
- the native epitaxial graphene layer 16 has a charge carrier mobility of less than 5000 cm 2 V-1 s-1 , which makes it possible to distinguish it from a graphene coating obtained by deposition.
- the native epitaxial graphene layer can also be distinguished from a graphene layer obtained by deposition by Raman spectroscopy.
- the native epitaxial graphene layer also differs from a graphene layer obtained by CVD deposition for example by better adhesion.
- the native epitaxial graphene layer 16 has been obtained by growth by sublimation of the silicon carbide of the part 14 consisting of silicon carbide. Details of the process will be given below.
- the adhesion of such a layer of native epitaxial graphene on the silicon carbide is therefore excellent, without any risk of delamination.
- the native epitaxial graphene layer 16 has a thickness comprised between 0.5 nm and 20 nm, preferably between 1 nm and 10 nm, and preferentially between 1 nm and 5 nm, limits included.
- the part 14, with its native epitaxial graphene layer 16, and preferably all the stone constituting the pad 4 or the counter-pivot 6, according to the invention has a surface hardness greater than or equal to to 2000 HV, and preferably greater than or equal to 2500 HV, due to the use of silicon carbide. Vickers hardness test methods are defined in the following standards ASTM C1327 and ISO 6507.
- the outer surface of the part 14 with its native epitaxial graphene layer 16, and preferably all the stone constituting the bearing 4 or the counter-pivot 6, according to the invention has a roughness Ra less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 50 nm, preferably less than or equal to 25 nm, preferably less than or equal to 20 nm, preferably less than or equal to 15 nm, and preferably less than or equal to 12 nm, more preferably less than or equal to 10 nm, and more preferably between 5 nm and 9 nm, terminals included.
- the roughness Ra is defined according to the ISO 4287 standard.
- the layer or layers of graphene 16 make it possible to increase the tribological properties of the stone, in particular by very drastically reducing the coefficient of friction.
- the stone according to the invention is therefore a part lubricated for life.
- the layer or layers of graphene 16 also make it possible to increase the mechanical properties of the stone, in particular because graphene is at least 100 times more rigid than steel and tolerates extremely high elastic deformations.
- the part 14 with its native epitaxial graphene layer 16, and preferably all the stone constituting the bearing 4 or the counter-pivot 6, according to the invention has a dynamic coefficient of friction very low, less than or equal to 0.2, preferably less than or equal to 0.1, and more preferably less than or equal to 0.05.
- the part 14 with its native epitaxial graphene layer 16, and preferably all the stone constituting the bearing 4 or the counter-pivot 6, according to the invention has a toughness greater than or equal to 6 MPa.m 1/2 and a tensile strength Rm greater than or equal to 600 MPA.
- the part 14 with its native epitaxial graphene layer 16, and preferably all the stone constituting the bearing 4 or the counter-pivot 6, according to the invention has a Young's modulus greater than or equal to 300 GPa. Young's modulus, toughness and tensile strength are measured and calculated by tensile-compression tests known to those skilled in the art.
- the combination of silicon carbide and native epitaxial graphene makes it possible to obtain a bearing or counter-pivot type stone with all the performance required for this type of watch component, namely resistance to wear, low coefficient of friction, smooth state (Ra ⁇ 0.5 pm) for friction and isochronism, high maximum allowable elastic stress, while eliminating the adhesion problems of thin layers traditionally deposited to improve the properties of the base material.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a watch stone constituting a bearing 4 or a counter-pivot 6 as described above, said method comprising the following steps, described in relation to FIGS. 2a to 2d: a) a step of manufacturing a stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part 14 made of silicon carbide, as shown in FIGS.
- said manufacturing step comprising at least a step of machining at least said part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis of the part 14 made of silicon carbide by precision machining without force; and b) a step of generating at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene 16 on the external surface of at least said part 14 consisting of silicon carbide of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot obtained at the step a), in particular at least on the external surface of the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis, to obtain said clockwork stone constituting a bearing 4 or a counter-pivot 6, as shown in Figure 2d.
- Step a) of the method according to the invention advantageously comprises the following sub-steps, described in relation to FIGS. 2a to 2d: a1) a step of manufacturing a raw part of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part 14 made of silicon carbide, as shown in FIG. 2a; a2) a step of producing a blank of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part made of silicon carbide 14 at least by machining the raw part obtained in sub-step a1) , as shown in FIG. 2b; and a3) a step of machining at least the part made of silicon carbide 14 of the blank obtained in sub-step a2), as shown in FIG. 2c, said machining step a3) comprising at least the precision machining without force of the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis.
- the method of manufacturing a watch stone constituting a bearing 4 or a counter-pivot 6 comprising at least one part 14 made of silicon carbide which comprises at least one part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis may comprise, with reference to FIGS. 3a to 3e: c) a step of manufacturing a raw piece of stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part 14 consisting of silicon carbide, as represented in FIG.
- step corresponding to sub-step a1) of the first variant of the method d) a step of producing a blank of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot comprising at least one part 14 made of silicon carbide at least by machining the raw part obtained in step c), as represented in FIG. 3b, this step corresponding to sub-step a2) of the first variant of the method; e) at least one step of machining the part made of silicon carbide 14 of the blank obtained in step d) to form the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis, such as hole 10, as shown in FIG.
- step e a step of generating at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene 16 on the outer surface of at least the part 14 made of silicon carbide of the blank obtained in step e), and in particular on said part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis, such as the surfaces of the hole 10 for example, as represented in FIG.
- step 3d this step being similar to step b) of the first variant of the method; and g) at least one step of machining the blank obtained in step f), with the exception of said part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis made of silicon carbide on which the graphene layer 16 obtained in step f) has been generated to obtain said watch stone constituting a bearing 4 or a counter-pivot 6, as represented in FIG. 3e.
- step e) and/or step g) includes precision machining without force.
- a method of manufacturing said bearing may comprise: a′) a step of manufacturing a stone intended to constitute a bearing comprising at least the part 14 made of silicon carbide comprising said one hole 10, or of a blank of such a stone; and b′) a step of generating at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene 16 at least on the external surface of the hole 10 of the part 14 made of silicon carbide of the stone intended to constitute a pad or its blank obtained in step a) to obtain said pad 4 or a blank.
- step a′) makes it possible to obtain a practically finished pad, in which only the graphene layers generated according to step b′) are missing, similarly to the method comprising steps a) and b).
- Step a′) can comprise the same sub-steps a1) to a3) as step a) according to the invention, precision machining without force being preferably used during step a3).
- step a′) makes it possible to obtain a bearing blank in which at least the hole 10 is machined, preferably by precision machining without force, the graphene layers being generated at least on the surface of the hole 10 according to step b'), and the method then comprises at least one additional step of machining (preferably precision machining without force) of the blank obtained in step b'), at the exception of hole 10, to obtain the finished bearing 4, similarly to the process according to steps c) to g).
- the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot is formed in its entirety by said part 14 consisting entirely of silicon carbide, with the exception of the inevitable impurities, the at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene 16 being generated over its entire outer surface, or at least over the outer surface of the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis, so that said clockwork stone constituting a bearing 4 or a counter-pivot 16 obtained is made entirely of silicon carbide totally covered with at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene 16 or at least the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of the pivot axis, such as the walls of the hole 10, has at least a layer of native epitaxial graphene 16, the native epitaxial graphene layer generated on the parts which are not intended to be in contact with a pivot of the pivot axis possibly having been eliminated by subsequent machining according to step g) .
- sub-step a1) or step c) is carried out by laser machining methods, by water jet or any other method of removal of material or by appropriate cutting.
- the raw part of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot is made entirely of silicon carbide, with the exception of the inevitable impurities.
- Such a blank is obtained for example from wafers of monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon carbide or in any other crystalline configuration.
- the machining performed during sub-step a2) or step d) to produce the blanks is machining by material removal, using methods similar to those of sub-step a1 ) or step c).
- the blank obtained is in the form of an undrilled flat stone, as shown in Figure 2b or 3b. This blank is produced if necessary with the necessary dimensions to obtain a bearing or counter-pivot ultimately presenting the desired geometric characteristics, taking into account all the stages of the process.
- the machining carried out during sub-step a3) consists in carrying out various operations necessary to obtain a bearing or a counter-pivot , such as the drilling of the hole 10, the machining of the inside diameter DI of the hole 10, the machining of the outside diameter DE of the stone, the machining of the recess 12 and the crown if necessary, and the olive-dressing of the hole 10, all or part of these operations being carried out according to the destination of the stone.
- the machining carried out during step e) consists in carrying out various operations necessary to obtain the part intended to be in contact with a pivot d a pivot axis of a bearing or a counter-pivot, such as the drilling of the hole 10, the machining of the internal diameter DI of the hole 10, the machining of the recess 12 and the olivage of the hole 10 in the case of a bearing for example.
- the machining carried out during step g) consists in carrying out various operations necessary to obtain a bearing or a counter-pivot, not carried out in step e), such as the machining of the outside diameter DE of the stone, the machining of the recess 12 if it has not been formed in step e), the machining of the crown if necessary, all or part of these operations being carried out according to the destination of the stone.
- step e) or step g) is carried out by precision machining without force at least of the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis of the part 14 made of silicon carbide of the blank in the case of sub-step a3), at least of the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis consisting of silicon carbide in the case of step e), or at least of the part 14 consisting of silicon carbide on which has been generated the native epitaxial graphene layer 16 during step f) and which is not intended to be in contact with a pivot of the pivot axis in the case of step g).
- the drilling and the olivage can be carried out by precision machining without force, the other machining operations of the internal diameter DI of the hole 10, of the external diameter DE of the stone, of the hollow 12 and of the convexity if necessary, being made in the traditional way.
- machining without force is called unconventional machining according to which there is no mechanical action transmitted by direct contact and force between a tool and the part, unlike conventional machining where there is direct contact. between the tool and the workpiece and in which large cutting forces are involved. Machining without force is therefore machining without direct contact between the part to be machined and a machining tool which would be likely to exert a force or a constraint on said part.
- the precision machining without force carried out during step a), and more particularly during sub-step a3), during step e) or during step g) is femto laser turning, ECM electrochemical turning, or spark erosion turning (eg wire EDM).
- the machining operations of one or the other of this step a3) or e) or g) are advantageously carried out by femtosecond pulsed laser micromachining with a laser of wavelengths comprised for example between 200 nm and 2000 nm, preferably between 400 nm and 1000 nm, limits included.
- the parameters of the laser can be for example: average power between 1 W and 100 W, energy per pulse between 20 J and 4000 pJ, frequency between 100 kHz and 1000 kHz, pulse duration between 100 fs and 2 ps. Femto laser turning attacks the rotating part radially and not normally, and without heat transfer.
- the sub-step a3) of precision machining without force is the last sub-step of the manufacturing step a) of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or counter-pivot making it possible to obtain at least one part 14 consisting of finished silicon carbide on the external surface of which at least one native epitaxial graphene layer 16 will be generated according to step b).
- this last operation of the process for preparing the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot makes it possible to achieve surface states with a roughness Ra preferably less than or equal to at 100nm.
- At least the part 14 consisting of finished silicon carbide obtained in sub-step a3) has a roughness Ra less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m, and preferably less than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 50 nm, preferably less than or equal to 25 nm, preferably less than or equal to 20 nm, preferably less than or equal to 15 nm, and preferably less than or equal to 12 nm, more preferably less than or equal to 10 nm, and more preferably between 5 nm and 9 nm, terminals included, which makes it possible to avoid traditional finishing operations, such as polishing, requiring the stones to be moved to a finishing machine different from the machining machine.
- step g) of precision machining without force is the last step of the method of manufacturing the watch stone constituting a bearing 4 or a counter -pivot 6.
- the outer surface of the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis made of silicon carbide on which at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene 16 obtained in step f) has been generated and the external surface of the part not intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis obtained in step g) have a roughness Ra less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m, and preferably less than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 50 nm, preferably less than or equal to 25 nm, preferably less than or equal to 20 nm, preferably less than or equal to 15 nm, and preferably less than or equal to 12 nm, more preferably less than or equal at 10 nm, and more preferably between
- step b) or step f) for generating at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene 16 is carried out by growing native thermal graphene on the surface of at least the part 14 made of silicon carbide of the stone intended to constitute a bearing or a counter-pivot or at least on the external surface of the part intended to be in contact with a pivot of a pivot axis, by sublimation of the silicon carbide , preferably according to a process chosen from the group comprising heating in a furnace under vacuum or under gas assistance, heating by a light source (infrared lamp or infrared laser) in chambers under vacuum or under gas assistance, or by any other suitable method.
- the generation of multiple layers native graphene can also be made, for example, by processes using hydrogen.
- the native epitaxial graphene layer 16 has a thickness comprised between 0.5 nm and 20 nm, preferably between 1 nm and 10 nm, and preferentially between 1 nm and 5 nm.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a watch stone constituting a bearing or a counter-pivot having improved mechanical properties, in particular better rigidity and a very low coefficient of friction. Moreover, when the machining of the stone is carried out by precision machining without force, a process which is particularly rapid and simple to implement is obtained. Indeed, the method according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate all the finishing operations requiring movement of the stones between the machining machine and the finishing machines traditionally used, so that the number of operations necessary for the manufacture of the stone is reduced, the production time being considerably reduced.
- the machining of a complete bearing by femto laser takes, considering only operations by femto laser, between 12 and 18 seconds, this according to the current state of the art.
- This time includes the machining operations of the outer diameter, the inner diameter, the binding of the latter, the machining of the hollow and the crown.
- this time can be further reduced and optimized.
- silicon carbide advantageously makes it possible to easily form at least one layer of native epitaxial graphene.
- the graphene layer is hydrophobic, which improves the stone's resistance to corrosion.
- the graphene layer with a very low coefficient of dynamic friction also eliminates lubrication.
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Abstract
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP23702807.1A EP4479803A1 (fr) | 2022-02-15 | 2023-02-01 | Pierre d'horlogerie et procede de fabrication d'une telle pierre |
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EP22156891.8 | 2022-02-15 | ||
EP22156891 | 2022-02-15 |
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WO2023156201A1 true WO2023156201A1 (fr) | 2023-08-24 |
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PCT/EP2023/052464 WO2023156201A1 (fr) | 2022-02-15 | 2023-02-01 | Pierre d'horlogerie et procede de fabrication d'une telle pierre |
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Citations (9)
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FR2322113A1 (fr) | 1975-08-29 | 1977-03-25 | Ceraver | Materiau pour pieces frottantes de mouvements d'horlogerie |
EP1577717A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-17 | 2005-09-21 | Namiki Seimitsu Houseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Boitier de montre-bracelet extra dur |
EP1696286A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-30 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Palier amortisseur de chocs pour pièce d'horlogerie |
US20080095968A1 (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2008-04-24 | Tag Heuer Sa | Method for producing a micro or nano mechanical part comprising a femtolaser-assisted ablation step |
US20100043578A1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2010-02-25 | Rolex S.A. | Backlash-compensating toothed moving part, gear assembly and use of this gear assembly |
US20170322517A1 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-11-09 | Lvmh Swiss Manufactures Sa | Monolithic Timepiece Regulator, Timepiece Movement and Timepiece Having Such a Timepiece Regulator |
EP3382472A1 (fr) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-03 | Rolex Sa | Palier de guidage d'un pivot de balancier de pièce d'horlogerie |
WO2019079800A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Film de carbone ultra-dur à partir de graphène bicouche épitaxial |
CH716331A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-30 | Richemont Int Sa | Arbre horloger à pivot. |
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2023
- 2023-02-01 EP EP23702807.1A patent/EP4479803A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-02-01 WO PCT/EP2023/052464 patent/WO2023156201A1/fr active Application Filing
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EP1696286A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-30 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Palier amortisseur de chocs pour pièce d'horlogerie |
US20170322517A1 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-11-09 | Lvmh Swiss Manufactures Sa | Monolithic Timepiece Regulator, Timepiece Movement and Timepiece Having Such a Timepiece Regulator |
EP3382472A1 (fr) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-03 | Rolex Sa | Palier de guidage d'un pivot de balancier de pièce d'horlogerie |
WO2019079800A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Film de carbone ultra-dur à partir de graphène bicouche épitaxial |
CH716331A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-30 | Richemont Int Sa | Arbre horloger à pivot. |
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ANONYMOUS: "Epitaxial graphene growth on silicon carbide", 15 October 2021 (2021-10-15), XP002807123, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitaxial_graphene_growth_on_silicon_carbide> [retrieved on 20220729] * |
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