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WO2023153306A1 - 車両用合わせガラス - Google Patents

車両用合わせガラス Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023153306A1
WO2023153306A1 PCT/JP2023/003383 JP2023003383W WO2023153306A1 WO 2023153306 A1 WO2023153306 A1 WO 2023153306A1 JP 2023003383 W JP2023003383 W JP 2023003383W WO 2023153306 A1 WO2023153306 A1 WO 2023153306A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical element
light
glass plate
laminated glass
main surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2023/003383
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孝典 松島
憲一郎 下
優介 池田
政信 小川
秀典 高井
Original Assignee
Ａｇｃ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ａｇｃ株式会社 filed Critical Ａｇｃ株式会社
Priority to JP2023580206A priority Critical patent/JPWO2023153306A1/ja
Priority to CN202380019949.3A priority patent/CN118742524A/zh
Priority to DE112023000846.9T priority patent/DE112023000846T5/de
Publication of WO2023153306A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023153306A1/ja
Priority to US18/796,039 priority patent/US20240393525A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0081—Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
    • G02B6/0095—Light guides as housings, housing portions, shelves, doors, tiles, windows, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/50—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating other intentions or conditions, e.g. request for waiting or overtaking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235—Light guides
    • F21S43/236—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide
    • F21S43/239—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide plate-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0031—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10146—Face treatment, e.g. etching, grinding or sand blasting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
    • B32B17/10449—Wavelength selective transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
    • B32B17/10568—Shape of the cross-section varying in thickness
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/418—Refractive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2104/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for decorative purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0028—Light guide, e.g. taper

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to laminated glass for vehicles.
  • Laminated glass in which two glass sheets are joined using a resin sheet (intermediate adhesive layer), is used for windows of vehicles and buildings.
  • a light emitting diode (LED) or other light source is used to introduce irradiation light into the interior of the laminated glass from the edge of the laminated glass, and a light-emitting window is used to extract the light using a scattering layer provided on the laminated glass. is being developed.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique related to vehicle glazing that emits light by arranging LEDs on the end surfaces of the glass plates on the vehicle interior and guiding the light through the laminated glass.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass for vehicles that can appropriately introduce light into the laminated glass.
  • a laminated glass for a vehicle includes a first glass plate having a first main surface and a second main surface, a second glass plate having a third main surface and a fourth main surface, and the second glass plate having a third main surface and a fourth main surface.
  • an intermediate adhesive layer disposed between the main surface and the third main surface; a light source facing the fourth main surface and irradiating light toward the fourth main surface; and an optical element disposed between the light source and refracting light emitted from the light source.
  • the optical element may be attached to the fourth main surface.
  • the optical element may have an adhesive surface, and the adhesive surface and the fourth main surface may be in direct contact or may be in contact via an optical adhesive layer.
  • the optical element may have a light receiving surface facing the light source, and the incident angle ⁇ 1 of the irradiation light to the light receiving surface may be 0° or more and 45° or less. good.
  • the light source may be attached to the light receiving surface of the optical element.
  • an incident angle ⁇ 4 of the irradiation light incident on the second glass plate via the optical element to the third main surface may be 20° or more and less than 90°.
  • the refractive index of the optical element may be equal to or less than the refractive index of the second glass plate, and the value obtained by subtracting the refractive index of the optical element from the refractive index of the second glass plate is It may be 0.32 or less.
  • the refractive index of the optical element may be higher than the refractive index of the second glass plate.
  • the optical element may contain glass or a resin material.
  • the optical element may have a reflective layer.
  • the above-described laminated glass for vehicles may have a cover attached to the fourth main surface, and the cover may cover the light source and the optical element.
  • the above-described laminated glass for vehicles may have a scattering layer on at least one of the first main surface, the fourth main surface, and between the first and fourth main surfaces.
  • the present invention can provide a laminated glass for vehicles that can appropriately introduce light into the laminated glass.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining optical properties of a laminated glass for vehicles according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a table showing simulation results of the laminated glass for vehicles according to the embodiment. 4 is a table showing simulation results of the laminated glass for vehicles according to the embodiment. 4 is a table showing simulation results of the laminated glass for vehicles according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of the laminated glass for vehicles according to the embodiment;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of the laminated glass for vehicles according to the embodiment;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of the laminated glass for vehicles according to the embodiment;
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a laminated glass for vehicles according to an embodiment.
  • the laminated glass for vehicles 1 according to this embodiment includes a first glass plate 11 , a second glass plate 12 , an intermediate adhesive layer 13 , an optical element 15 and a light source 16 .
  • the laminated glass 1 for vehicles according to the present embodiment can be used, for example, as a vehicle window.
  • Vehicle windows include, for example, roof glass, windshields, side windows, and the like.
  • laminated glass for vehicles is also simply described as “laminated glass.”
  • the first glass plate 11 has a first principal surface 21 and a second principal surface 22 .
  • the second glass plate 12 has a third major surface 23 and a fourth major surface 24 .
  • An intermediate adhesive layer 13 is arranged between the second main surface 22 of the first glass plate 11 and the third main surface 23 of the second glass plate 12 . That is, the intermediate adhesive layer 13 bonds the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 together.
  • the material used for the intermediate adhesive layer 13 is not particularly limited, and any material may be used as long as it is an intermediate film used for laminated glass.
  • the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 13 is also not particularly limited.
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 13 may be composed of a plurality of layers.
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 13 may include an intermediate film for sound insulation.
  • the cross section of the intermediate adhesive layer 13 may have a shape other than a rectangular shape (for example, a wedge shape).
  • the laminated glass 1 according to this embodiment may be flat or curved.
  • the shape may include both a flat surface and a curved surface. That is, each of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 may be a flat plate or a curved plate. In the following examples, both the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are described as flat plates.
  • the direction from the first glass plate 11 to the second glass plate 12 is defined as the first direction
  • the direction from the second glass plate 12 to the first glass plate 11 is defined as the second direction. do.
  • the first glass plate 11 When the laminated glass 1 is mounted on a vehicle, the first glass plate 11 may be positioned on the vehicle outer side and the second glass plate 12 may be positioned on the vehicle inner side.
  • the first direction is the vehicle interior direction
  • the second direction is the vehicle exterior direction.
  • the optical element 15 is arranged between the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 and the light source 16 and refracts the irradiation light 50 from the light source 16 . That is, the optical element 15 has a light receiving surface 19 facing the light source 16 , and the light source 16 introduces the irradiation light 50 to the light receiving surface 19 of the optical element 15 .
  • the optical element 15 refracts the irradiation light 50 when the irradiation light 50 is incident on the light receiving surface 19 of the optical element 15 at a predetermined incident angle ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0°: see FIG. 2).
  • the irradiation light 50 is typically the light with the highest luminous intensity among the lights emitted from the light source 16 .
  • the irradiation light 50 When the irradiation light 50 has a plurality of incident angles ⁇ 1 , for example, when the light source 16 is approximated to a point light source, the irradiation light 50 is typically positioned at the center of the area where the illuminance is maximum on the light receiving surface 19. The light is assumed to be light along a line connecting with the light source 16 .
  • the optical element 15 is attached to the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 .
  • the optical element 15 has an adhesive surface and is attached to the fourth main surface 24 so that the adhesive surface and the fourth main surface 24 are in direct contact or in contact via an optical adhesive layer.
  • the optical element 15 is made of glass or a resin material.
  • acrylic resin, epoxy resin, silicone rubber, or the like may be used as the resin material.
  • a transparent material for the optical element 15 it may be colored to the extent that the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the optical element 15 (the cross section along the traveling plane of the irradiation light 50) is triangular.
  • the longest side of the triangle is included in the adhesive surface, and of the other two sides, the side near the periphery of the laminated glass 1 is included in the light receiving surface 19 .
  • the thickness of the optical element 15 increases from the periphery toward the center of the laminated glass 1 and decreases from a predetermined position.
  • the predetermined position here is the position of the vertex of the triangle that is not included in the bonding surface. Since the optical element 15 has such a cross-sectional shape (thickness distribution), expansion and bending due to heat and moisture absorption can be suppressed.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the optical element 15 is not limited to a triangular shape, and may be a polygonal shape such as a quadrangle, or a shape including a curved surface.
  • the above-mentioned "predetermined position" may be any position between one end and the other end of the bonding surface (but not including end points).
  • the optical element 15 includes a portion where the thickness increases and a portion where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the side forming the bonding surface in a cross-sectional view.
  • the angle ⁇ p between the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 and the light receiving surface 19 of the optical element 15 is preferably less than 90°, for example in the range of 10° to 80°.
  • the angle ⁇ p may be 80° or less, 70° or less, 60° or less, 50° or less, 40° or less, 30° or less, or 20° or less. Also, the angle ⁇ p may be 10° or more, 20° or more, 30° or more, 40° or more, 50° or more, 60° or more, or 70° or more.
  • a preferable range of the angle ⁇ p from the viewpoint of controlling the state of light introduced into the laminated glass 1 will be described later.
  • the optical element 15 it is preferable to use a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of the second glass plate 12, in other words, a material with a small difference in coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • a reflective layer may be provided on a surface of the optical element 15 other than the light receiving surface 19 through which light is introduced. When the reflective layer is provided in this manner, leakage of light from surfaces other than the light receiving surface 19 of the optical element 15 can be suppressed.
  • the light source 16 is arranged to face the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 and emits irradiation light 50 toward the fourth main surface 24 . That is, the light source 16 faces the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 via the optical element 15, and the irradiation light 50 emitted from the light source 16 passes through the optical element 15 to the second glass plate. It is introduced into the fourth major surface 24 of the plate 12 .
  • the irradiation light 50 may reach from the light receiving surface 19 to the fourth main surface 24 in a straight line, or may reach the light through reflection within the optical element 15 .
  • a light emitting diode (LED), an organic EL element, or the like is used for the light source 16 .
  • the light source 16 may be arranged so as to be separated from the light receiving surface 19 of the optical element 15 . Also, the light source 16 may be attached to the light receiving surface 19 of the optical element 15 .
  • the laminated glass 1 includes one optical element 15 and one light source 16, but may include a plurality of optical elements 15 and a plurality of light sources 16, or the numbers thereof may differ.
  • the number of light sources 16 may be greater than the number of optical elements 15 .
  • the optical element 15 and the light source 16 may be provided on one pair of opposing sides of the laminated glass 1 or two pairs of opposing sides.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the optical properties of the laminated glass according to this embodiment.
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are bonded together with the intermediate adhesive layer 13 interposed therebetween, similarly to the configuration example shown in FIG.
  • An optical element 15 is provided on the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 .
  • n 1 is the refractive index of air
  • n 2 is the refractive index of the optical element 15
  • n 3 is the refractive index of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12
  • n 3 is the refractive index of the intermediate adhesive layer 13 .
  • rate is n4 .
  • the refractive indices of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 may be different.
  • irradiation light 50 (hereinafter also referred to as light 50 ) from the light source 16 (see FIG. 1 ) is incident on the light receiving surface 19 of the optical element 15 , the incident light 50 propagates inside the optical element 15 .
  • the refractive index of air is n1
  • the refractive index of the optical element 15 is n2 .
  • the refracted light at the angle ⁇ 2 propagates inside the optical element 15 .
  • the refractive index of the optical element 15 is n 2
  • the refractive index of the second glass plate 12 is n 3 .
  • the second glass plate 12 has a refractive index of n 3 and the intermediate adhesive layer 13 has a refractive index of n 4 . Then, the incident light is refracted and the refracted light with the refraction angle ⁇ 5 propagates inside the intermediate adhesive layer 13 .
  • the refractive index of the intermediate adhesive layer 13 is n 4
  • the refractive index of the first glass plate 11 is n 3 .
  • the incident light is refracted and refracted light at a refraction angle ⁇ 4 propagates inside the first glass plate 11 .
  • the light propagated inside the first glass plate 11 is totally reflected by the first main surface 21 of the first glass plate 11 or radiated into the air.
  • the refractive index of the first glass plate 11 is n 3
  • the refractive index of air is n 1
  • the refraction angle of the light emitted into the air is ⁇ 6 .
  • the light that propagates inside the first glass plate 11 is radiated into the air, part of the light that propagates inside the first glass plate 11 is emitted from the first main surface 21 of the first glass plate 11 . It is reflected and becomes reflected light.
  • the purpose is to appropriately introduce light into the laminated glass 1, the light propagated inside the first glass plate 11 is totally reflected by the first main surface 21 of the first glass plate 11. is preferred.
  • the optical element 15 is arranged between the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 and the light source 16 to refract the irradiation light 50 from the light source 16 . That is, the optical element 15 is arranged to introduce the irradiation light 50 from the light source 16 to the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 at an appropriate incident angle ⁇ 3 . Therefore, light can be properly introduced into the laminated glass.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 of the irradiation light 50 to the light receiving surface 19 is preferably 0° or more and 45° or less. Note that the incident angle in the + direction shown in FIG. 2 is a positive incident angle. If the incident angle ⁇ 1 is too large, light does not enter the second glass plate 12 from the optical element 15 regardless of the refractive index n 2 of the optical element 15 , and as a result light enters the second glass plate 12 . sometimes not. In this case, the light 50 introduced from the light receiving surface 19 to the optical element 15 leaks out of the second glass plate 12 .
  • the angle ⁇ p formed between the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 and the light receiving surface 19 of the optical element 15 is large (for example, 70° to 80°), as the incident angle ⁇ 1 increases, the optical element It becomes difficult for light to enter the second glass plate 12 from 15 .
  • the angle ⁇ p is small (for example, 20° to 30°)
  • the light is totally reflected at the interface between the optical element 15 and the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 as the incident angle ⁇ 1 increases.
  • light may not enter the inside of the second glass plate 12 .
  • the light 50 introduced from the light receiving surface 19 to the optical element 15 leaks out of the second glass plate 12 .
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 is preferably 20° or less, more preferably 15° or less, still more preferably 10° or less, even more preferably 5° or less, and 0° (substantially 0° may be ) is most preferred.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 is set to 20° or less, it is possible to effectively suppress the problem that it is difficult for the light 50 to enter the second glass plate 12 from the optical element 15 .
  • the angle ⁇ p is large (eg, 70° to 80°).
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 is set to 15° or less, the problem that the light 50 is difficult to enter the second glass plate 12 from the optical element 15 can be suppressed, and the interface reflectance at the interface between the air and the optical element 15 can be sufficiently increased. can be made as small as possible.
  • the interface reflectance of the light 50 incident on the optical element 15 can be 1% or less.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 is 10° or less, even when the angle ⁇ p is large (for example, around 80°), total reflection is unlikely to occur at the interface between the optical element 15 and the second glass plate 12, and the angle ⁇ p widens the adjustment range.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 is 5° or less, total reflection is less likely to occur at the interface between the optical element 15 and the second glass plate 12 even when the angle ⁇ p is small, and the adjustment range of the angle ⁇ p is widened.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 is 0°, substantially no reflection occurs when the light 50 enters the optical element 15 from the air.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 of the irradiation light 50 to the light receiving surface 19 in the range of 0° or more and 45° or less, the incident light from the optical element 15 to the second glass plate 12 is The angle ⁇ 3 can be effectively adjusted.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 4 of the light incident on the second glass plate 12 via the optical element 15 to the third main surface 23 is preferably 20° or more and less than 90°. Satisfying this condition makes it easier for the light to reach far (that is, to the center in the in-plane direction).
  • the incident angle ⁇ 4 is preferably 30° or more, 40° or more, 50° or more, 60° or more, or 70° or more.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 4 is important as an angle that determines the condition (angle ⁇ 6 ) under which light is totally reflected at the interface between the first glass plate 11 and air. In order to totally reflect the light at the interface between the first glass plate 11 and the air, it is preferable to set the incident angle ⁇ 4 to 40° or more. This is the same when the incident angle ⁇ 1 is other than 0°.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 4 is preferably less than 80°, more preferably 76° or less.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 4 exceeds 80°, total reflection of light is likely to occur at the interface between the second glass plate 12 and the intermediate adhesive layer 13, and the light is more likely to be reflected outside the vehicle (second direction side) than the third main surface 23. Adequate scattering may not be obtained if a scattering layer is present.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 4 may be 80° or more and less than 90°.
  • the scattering layer is provided on the vehicle inner side (first direction side) from the third main surface 23, appropriate scattering can be obtained.
  • a scattering layer may be provided on the third principal surface 23 or the fourth principal surface 24 .
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 13 and the first glass plate 11 since light can propagate within the second glass plate 12, absorption of light by the intermediate adhesive layer 13 and the first glass plate 11 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is effective when at least one of the intermediate adhesive layer 13 and the first glass plate 11 has a lower visible light transmittance than the second glass plate 12 .
  • the first glass plate 11 colored glass such as privacy glass, heat absorbing glass, or the like can be used.
  • a colored intermediate film or the like can be used as the intermediate adhesive layer 13 . Even when the incident angle ⁇ 4 is less than 80°, colored glass or the like may be used as the first glass plate 11 and a colored intermediate film or the like may be used as the intermediate adhesive layer 13 .
  • the refractive index of the optical element 15 may be less than or equal to the refractive index of the second glass plate 12 .
  • the value obtained by subtracting the refractive index of the optical element 15 from the refractive index of the second glass plate 12 may be 0.32 or less.
  • the refractive index n3 of the second glass plate 12 is 1.52 and the refractive index n2 of the optical element 15 is 1.2 or more
  • light with a wavelength of 589.3 nm (the D line of sodium) is used as a reference for the refractive index.
  • the refractive index of the optical element 15 may be higher than that of the second glass plate 12 .
  • the incident angle ⁇ 4 to the third main surface 23 can be increased.
  • Refractive index n 2 , refractive index n 3 , and angle ⁇ p satisfy the relationship sin ⁇ p ⁇ (n 3 /n 2 ), so that total reflection at the interface between the second glass plate 12 and the intermediate adhesive layer 13 is It becomes easy to prevent and is preferable.
  • the optical element 15 is arranged between the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 and the light source 16 to refract the irradiation light 50 from the light source 16 .
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 of the irradiation light 50 to the optical element 15, the angle ⁇ p formed between the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 and the light receiving surface 19 of the optical element 15, and the refractive index n of the optical element 15 are 2 , etc.
  • the state of the light introduced into the laminated glass 1 can be controlled. Specifically, by setting these parameters to predetermined values, the light introduced into the laminated glass 1 can be propagated farther or closer, and the propagation range of the light introduced into the laminated glass 1 is can be controlled.
  • simulation results for the laminated glass according to this embodiment will be described.
  • the simulation conditions are as follows.
  • the evaluation criteria for evaluation 1 were as follows. When light does not enter the second glass plate 12 because the light does not enter the interface between the optical element 15 and the second glass plate 12: XX (impossible) ⁇ If light does not enter the second glass plate 12 due to total reflection at the interface between the optical element 15 and the second glass plate 12: x (impossible) ⁇ When light leaks outside from the first glass plate 11 without total reflection on the first main surface 21 of the first glass plate 11: ⁇ (Possible) ⁇ When light is not leaked from the first glass plate 11 due to total reflection on the first main surface 21 of the first glass plate 11: ⁇ (good)
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show simulation results of evaluation 1.
  • FIG. From the results shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be said that light is easily introduced into the second glass plate 12 when the value of the incident angle ⁇ 1 is relatively small (for example, ⁇ 1 0° to 15°).
  • the value of the incident angle ⁇ 1 is relatively small, it is easy to set the angle ⁇ p to a large value (for example, about 50° or more), so the contact area (contact width) between the optical element 15 and the second glass plate 12 is set to can be made smaller.
  • the second Light can be introduced into the glass plate 12 .
  • the value of the incident angle ⁇ 1 is relatively large, it is easy to set the angle ⁇ p to a small value (for example, about 40° or less), so the thickness of the optical element 15 can be reduced.
  • the maximum light guide distance was the largest when the refractive index of the optical element 15 was 1.7 and ⁇ p was 60° (reference 11 times the light guiding distance).
  • the maximum light guide distance was achieved under the conditions evaluated as " ⁇ " in the simulation of Evaluation 1, which was greater than the conditions evaluated as " ⁇ ".
  • the case of total reflection at the interface between the second glass plate 12 and the intermediate adhesive layer 13 is not compared.
  • the maximum light guide distance increased as the refractive index n 2 of the optical element 15 increased at each angle ⁇ p .
  • the maximum light guide distance increased as the angle ⁇ p increased for each refractive index n 2 of the optical element 15 .
  • the results of FIG. 5 also show that if the angle ⁇ p becomes small, it becomes possible to use an optical element 15 having a refractive index greater than the refractive index n 3 (1.52) of the glass flat plate. If the angle ⁇ p is greater than 80°, for example close to 90°, an optical element 15 with a refractive index greater than the refractive index n 3 (1.52) of the flat glass plate is substantially unusable.
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 of the irradiation light 50 to the optical element 15, the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 and the optical element 15 The state of light introduced into the laminated glass 1 can be controlled by adjusting the angle ⁇ p formed with the light receiving surface 19 and the refractive index n 2 of the optical element 15 . Specifically, by setting these parameters to predetermined values, the light introduced into the laminated glass 1 can be propagated farther or closer, and the propagation range of the light introduced into the laminated glass 1 is can be controlled.
  • 6 to 8 are cross-sectional views showing other structural examples of the laminated glass according to the present embodiment.
  • the optical element 15 is attached to the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 with the optical adhesive layer 31 interposed therebetween.
  • the light source 16 is attached to the light receiving surface 19 (see FIG. 1) of the optical element 15 via the optical adhesive layer 32 .
  • the optical adhesive layers 31 and 32 for example, acrylate-based, silicone-based, urethane-based, urethane-acrylate-based, epoxy-based, epoxy-acrylate-based, acrylamide-based, and methacrylamide-based resin compositions can be used.
  • the optical adhesive layers 31 and 32 are adhesive members that transmit at least visible light, and may be either a curable transparent resin or a transparent adhesive sheet.
  • the transparent adhesive sheet may be a sheet-like member in which the above-described resin composition is applied to a resin base material such as polyester.
  • the cover 33 may be attached to the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 .
  • a cover 33 is provided to cover the light source 16 and the optical element 15 .
  • the cover 33 is attached to the fourth major surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 via adhesive layers 35 and 36 .
  • the adhesive layers 35 and 36 may use the same resin composition as the optical adhesive layers 31 and 32, or may use a different resin composition. Alternatively, the adhesive layers 35, 36 may be opaque.
  • the cover 33 may be configured using resin or may be configured using metal. Also, the light source 16 may be fixed to the cover 33 . In the configuration example shown in FIG. 6, the cover 33 forms a closed space, but the cover 33 may form an open space. That is, the inside and outside of the cover 33 may be partially connected. In the invention according to this embodiment, the state of the light introduced into the laminated glass 2 can be controlled, so even if the cover 33 forms an open space, the light is less likely to leak out.
  • a reflective layer may be provided inside the cover 33 in order to prevent the light from the light source 16 from leaking out of the cover 33 .
  • the cover 33 is not arranged on the end face of the laminated glass (it is thin even if it is arranged).
  • the first main surface 21 of the first glass plate 11, the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12, and the first main surface 21 of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 A scattering layer may be provided in at least one place between the fourth main surfaces 24 of the .
  • the second main surface 22 of the first glass plate 11 and the third main surface of the second glass plate 12 23, the interface where the intermediate adhesive layer 13 and the second main surface 22 of the first glass plate 11 are in contact, the interface where the intermediate adhesive layer 13 and the third main surface 23 of the second glass plate 12 are in contact, and the intermediate adhesive layer 13 Any of the internal.
  • a scattering layer 42 may be provided at the interface where the intermediate adhesive layer 13 and the third main surface 23 of the second glass plate 12 are in contact.
  • the scattering layer 42 in this manner, the scattered light can be extracted to the vehicle interior side (first direction side).
  • a reflective layer a layer having a reflective function
  • the reflective layer is provided in this way, the light scattered by the scattering layer 42 can be returned to the second glass plate 12 side, and the light can be used effectively.
  • the constituent material and formation method of the scattering layer 42 are not particularly limited.
  • a resin sheet such as polyurethane (PU), polyethylene (PE), or silicone may be used for the scattering layer 42 .
  • the scattering layer 42 may be formed by subjecting the surface of the glass to surface processing such as sandblasting or etching.
  • the scattering layer 42 may be formed using ceramic printing, paste, or the like.
  • a shielding layer 41 may be provided.
  • a shielding layer 41 is provided at the interface where the intermediate adhesive layer 13 and the second main surface 22 of the first glass plate 11 are in contact with each other.
  • the shielding layer 41 may be arranged so that the cover 33 and the shielding layer 41 overlap when viewed from above. When the shielding layer 41 is provided in this manner, the light source 16 and the optical element 15 can be made less visible from the outside of the vehicle.
  • the third main surface 23 of the second glass plate 12 and the third main surface 23 of the second glass plate 12 Light can be allowed to travel between the four main surfaces 24 .
  • the light is totally reflected on the fourth major surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 .
  • a scattering layer may be provided on at least one of the contacting interfaces to extract the scattered light to the vehicle interior.
  • the light source 18 when arranging the light source 18 on the optical element 17, the light source 18 may be arranged on the opposite side of the end portion 27 of the laminated glass.
  • the light source 18 may be arranged such that the direction of irradiation of the light from the light source 18 to the optical element 17 and the traveling direction of the light in the laminated glass are substantially opposite.
  • the optical element 17 when the light source 18 is arranged on the opposite side of the edge 27 of the laminated glass, the optical element 17 can be arranged near the edge 27 of the laminated glass, and the range in which the scattered light can be extracted to the inside of the vehicle can be expanded.
  • the reflecting surface 28 of the optical element 17 may reflect the light.
  • the light emitted from the light source 18 is reflected by the reflecting surface 28 and enters the fourth main surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 .
  • it is the same as the case described with reference to FIG.

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Abstract

合わせガラスに適切に光を導入可能な車両用合わせガラスを提供することである。　本発明の一態様にかかる車両用合わせガラス１は、第１主面２１および第２主面２２を有する第１ガラス板１１と、第３主面２３および第４主面２４を有する第２ガラス板１２と、第２主面２２および第３主面２３の間に配置された中間接着層１３と、第４主面２４に対向し、第４主面２４に向かって光を照射する光源１６と、第４主面２４と光源１６との間に配置された、光源１６からの照射光を屈折させる光学素子１５と、を有する。

Description

車両用合わせガラス
　本発明は、車両用合わせガラスに関する。
　２枚のガラス板が樹脂シート（中間接着層）を用いて接合された合わせガラスが、車両や建物の窓に用いられている。最近では発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ：Light Emitting Diode）等の光源を用いて合わせガラスの端部から合わせガラスの内部に照射光を導入し、合わせガラスに設けられた散乱層を用いて光を取り出す発光窓が開発されている。
　特許文献１には、車内側のガラス板の端面等にＬＥＤを配置し、合わせガラス内を導光させて発光する車両用グレージングに関する技術が開示されている。
特表２０１３－５１７９８９号公報
　しかしながら、車両構造によっては、特許文献１のようにガラス板の側面から光を導入する構造とすることは困難である。例えば、グレージングを搭載する車両のボディフレームとガラス板側面との幅が狭い場合は、ガラス板の側面に光源の配置スペースを確保できない。また、光源をガラス面側に搭載した場合は、ガラス面への光の入射角度を調整したり、ガラス内において光を効率的に導光させたりすることが困難となる。
　上記課題に鑑み本発明の目的は、合わせガラスに適切に光を導入可能な車両用合わせガラスを提供することである。
　本発明の一態様にかかる車両用合わせガラスは、第１主面および第２主面を有する第１ガラス板と、第３主面および第４主面を有する第２ガラス板と、前記第２主面および前記第３主面の間に配置された中間接着層と、前記第４主面に対向し、前記第４主面に向かって光を照射する光源と、前記第４主面と前記光源との間に配置された、前記光源からの照射光を屈折させる光学素子と、を有する。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記光学素子は前記第４主面に取りつけられていてもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記光学素子は接着面を有してもよく、前記接着面と前記第４主面が直接接する又は光学接着層を介して接していてもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記光学素子は前記光源に対向する受光面を有してもよく、前記照射光の前記受光面への入射角θ１は０°以上４５°以下であってもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記光源は、前記光学素子の前記受光面に取りつけられてもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記光学素子を介して前記第２ガラス板に入射した前記照射光の前記第３主面への入射角θ４は２０°以上９０°未満であってもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記光学素子の屈折率は前記第２ガラス板の屈折率以下であってもよく、前記第２ガラス板の屈折率から前記光学素子の屈折率を引いた値は０．３２以下であってもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記光学素子の屈折率は前記第２ガラス板の屈折率よりも大きくてもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記光学素子はガラスまたは樹脂材料を含んでもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記光学素子は、反射層を有してもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記第４主面に取り付けられるカバーを有してもよく、前記カバーは前記光源および前記光学素子を覆ってもよい。
　上述の車両用合わせガラスにおいて、前記第１主面、第４主面、及び前記第１主面と第４主面の間、の少なくとも１か所に散乱層を有してもよい。
　本発明により、合わせガラスに適切に光を導入可能な車両用合わせガラスを提供できる。
実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラスの構成例を示す断面図である。 実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラスの光学特性を説明するための断面図である。 実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラスのシミュレーション結果を示す表である。 実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラスのシミュレーション結果を示す表である。 実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラスのシミュレーション結果を示す表である。 実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラスの他の構成例を示す断面図である。 実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラスの他の構成例を示す断面図である。 実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラスの他の構成例を示す断面図である。
　以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
　図１は、実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラスの構成例を示す断面図である。図１に示すように、本実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラス１は、第１ガラス板１１、第２ガラス板１２、中間接着層１３、光学素子１５、及び光源１６を備える。本実施の形態にかかる車両用合わせガラス１は、例えば車両窓として使用できる。車両窓としては、例えばルーフガラスやウインドシールド、サイドウインドウ等を含む。なお、以下では、「車両用合わせガラス」を単に「合わせガラス」とも記載する。
　第１ガラス板１１は、第１主面２１および第２主面２２を有する。第２ガラス板１２は、第３主面２３および第４主面２４を有する。第１ガラス板１１の第２主面２２と第２ガラス板１２の第３主面２３との間には中間接着層１３が配置されている。つまり、中間接着層１３は、第１ガラス板１１と第２ガラス板１２とを貼り合わせている。
　中間接着層１３に使用する材料は特に限定されることはなく、合わせガラスに用いられる中間膜であればどのような材料を用いてもよい。中間接着層１３の厚さについても特に限定されることはない。また、中間接着層１３は複数層で構成されていてもよい。例えば、中間接着層１３には、遮音用の中間膜を含んでもよい。また、中間接着層１３の断面は、矩形状以外の形状（例えば、楔状）としてもよい。
　本実施の形態にかかる合わせガラス１は、平面状であってもよく、曲面状であってもよい。また、平面と曲面の両方を含む形状であってもよい。すなわち、第１ガラス板１１と第２ガラス板１２はそれぞれ平板でも湾曲板でもよい。以下の例では、第１ガラス板１１と第２ガラス板１２をともに平板として説明する。
　本実施の形態にかかる合わせガラス１において、第１ガラス板１１から第２ガラス板１２に向かう方向を第１方向とし、第２ガラス板１２から第１ガラス板１１に向かう方向を第２方向とする。合わせガラス１を車両に搭載した際、第１ガラス板１１が車外側に位置し、第２ガラス板１２が車内側に位置するようにしてもよい。この場合、第１方向は車内方向となり、第２方向は車外方向となる。
　光学素子１５は、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４と光源１６との間に配置されており、光源１６からの照射光５０を屈折させる。つまり、光学素子１５は光源１６に対向する受光面１９を有し、光源１６は照射光５０を光学素子１５の受光面１９に導入する。なお、光学素子１５は、照射光５０が光学素子１５の受光面１９に所定の入射角θ１（θ１≠０°：図２参照）で入射した際に照射光５０を屈折させるが、本実施の形態では、照射光５０が光学素子１５の受光面１９に入射角θ１＝０°で入射する場合も含むものとする。つまり、入射角θ１＝０°の場合、厳密には光学素子１５は照射光５０を屈折させないが、本発明では入射角θ１＝０°の場合も含むものとする。また、照射光５０は、光源１６から射出される光のうち、代表的に、光度が最大の光とする。なお、照射光５０として複数の入射角θ１を有する場合、例えば光源１６が点光源に近似される場合、照射光５０は、代表的に、受光面１９において照度が最大となる領域の中心と光源１６とを結ぶ線に沿った光とする。
　光学素子１５は、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４に取りつけられている。例えば、光学素子１５は接着面を有し、接着面と第４主面２４とが直接接する又は光学接着層を介して接するように、第４主面２４に取り付けられている。例えば、光学素子１５はガラス、または樹脂材料で構成されている。例えば、樹脂材料としてアクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、シリコーンゴム等を用いてもよい。光学素子１５には透明な材料を用いるのが好ましいが、本発明の効果を損なわない程度に着色されていてもよい。
　図１の例では、光学素子１５の断面形状（照射光５０の進行面における断面）は、三角形状である。三角形の最も長い辺は接着面に含まれ、それ以外の２辺のうち、合わせガラス１の周縁に近い辺は受光面１９に含まれている。光学素子１５は、合わせガラス１の周縁部から中央部に向かって、厚さが増加し、所定の位置からは減少している。ここでの所定の位置とは、三角形のうち接着面に含まれない頂点の位置である。光学素子１５がこのような断面形状（厚み分布）を有することで、熱や吸湿による膨張や湾曲を抑制できる。結果として光の伝搬範囲を緻密に制御しやすくなり、耐久性も向上する。なお、光学素子１５の断面形状は三角形状に限らず、四角形等の多角形でもよく、曲面を含む形状でもよい。この場合、上記の「所定の位置」は、接着面の一端から他端の間のいずれかの位置（ただし端点を含まない）でよい。すなわち、光学素子１５は、断面視で、接着面を構成する辺の一端から他端に向かって、厚みが増加する部分と減少する部分を含むことが好ましい。
　第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４と光学素子１５の受光面１９との成す角度θｐは、９０°未満が好ましく、例えば１０°～８０°の範囲である。角度θｐが大きいほど、光学素子１５と第２ガラス板１２の接触面積（接触幅）を小さくでき、角度θｐが小さいほど、光学素子１５の厚みを小さくできる。角度θｐは、８０°以下でもよく、７０°以下でもよく、６０°以下でもよく、５０°以下でもよく、４０°以下でもよく、３０°以下でもよく、２０°以下でもよい。また、角度θｐは、１０°以上でもよく、２０°以上でもよく、３０°以上でもよく、４０°以上でもよく、５０°以上でもよく、６０°以上でもよく、７０°以上でもよい。合わせガラス１に導入される光の状態を制御する観点での角度θｐの好ましい範囲は、後述する。
　光学素子１５には、第２ガラス板１２の熱膨張係数と近い熱膨張係数を有する材料、換言すると、熱膨張係数の差が小さい材料を用いるのが好ましい。また、光学素子１５の光が導入される受光面１９以外の面に反射層（反射コーティング）を設けてもよい。このように反射層を設けた場合は、光学素子１５の受光面１９以外の面から光が漏れることを抑制できる。
　光源１６は、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４に対向するように配置されており、第４主面２４に向かって照射光５０を照射する。つまり、光源１６は、光学素子１５を介して第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４と対向しており、光源１６から照射された照射光５０は、光学素子１５を経由して第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４に導入される。なお、照射光５０は受光面１９から第４主面２４まで、一直線に到達してもよく、光学素子１５内での反射を経て到達してもよい。光源１６には、発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ：Light Emitting Diode）、有機ＥＬ素子などを用いる。光源１６は、光学素子１５の受光面１９と離間するように配置されていてもよい。また、光源１６は、光学素子１５の受光面１９に取りつけられていてもよい。
　図１に示す構成例では、合わせガラス１は光学素子１５と光源１６をそれぞれ１つずつ備えるが、光学素子１５と光源１６をそれぞれ複数個備えてよく、その数が異なってもよい。例えば、光源１６の数は光学素子１５の数より多くてもよい。例えば、合わせガラス１の周縁部に沿って複数の光学素子１５と光源１６を設けることで、合わせガラス１は周縁部全体が発光しやすくなる。また、合わせガラス１の対向する１組の辺または対向する２組の辺に光学素子１５と光源１６を設けてもよい。
　次に、本実施の形態にかかる合わせガラス１の光学特性について説明する。図２は、本実施の形態にかかる合わせガラスの光学特性を説明するための断面図である。図２に示す構成例においても図１に示した構成例と同様に、第１ガラス板１１および第２ガラス板１２は中間接着層１３を介して貼り合わされている。また、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４には光学素子１５が設けられている。
　図２に示す構成例では、空気の屈折率をｎ１、光学素子１５の屈折率をｎ２、第１ガラス板１１および第２ガラス板１２の屈折率をｎ３、中間接着層１３の屈折率をｎ４としている。ただし、第１ガラス板１１および第２ガラス板１２の屈折率は異なってもよい。
　光学素子１５の受光面１９に光源１６（図１参照）からの照射光５０（以下、光５０とも記載する）が入射すると、入射した光５０が光学素子１５の内部を伝搬する。このとき、空気の屈折率はｎ１、光学素子１５の屈折率はｎ２であり、光５０が入射角θ１で光学素子１５に入射すると、スネルの法則により、入射光が屈折して屈折角θ２の屈折光が光学素子１５の内部を伝搬する。また、光学素子１５の屈折率はｎ２、第２ガラス板１２の屈折率はｎ３であり、光学素子１５の内部を伝搬した光が第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４に入射角θ３（０°＜θ３＜９０°）で入射すると、入射光が屈折して屈折角θ４の屈折光が第２ガラス板１２の内部を伝搬する。
　また、第２ガラス板１２の屈折率はｎ３、中間接着層１３の屈折率はｎ４であり、第２ガラス板１２の内部を伝搬した光が中間接着層１３に入射角θ４で入射すると、入射光が屈折して屈折角θ５の屈折光が中間接着層１３の内部を伝搬する。また、中間接着層１３の屈折率はｎ４、第１ガラス板１１の屈折率はｎ３であり、中間接着層１３の内部を伝搬した光が第１ガラス板１１の第２主面２２に入射角θ５で入射すると、入射光が屈折して屈折角θ４の屈折光が第１ガラス板１１の内部を伝搬する。
　その後、第１ガラス板１１の内部を伝搬した光は、第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１で全反射するか、空気中へ放射される。空気中へ放射される場合、第１ガラス板１１の屈折率はｎ３、空気の屈折率はｎ１であり、空気中へ放射される光の屈折角はθ６となる。なお、第１ガラス板１１の内部を伝搬した光が第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１で全反射するか空気中へ放射されるかは、第１ガラス板１１の屈折率ｎ３や第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１への入射角θ４に応じて決定される。また、第１ガラス板１１の内部を伝搬した光が空気中へ放射される場合は、第１ガラス板１１の内部を伝搬した光の一部が第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１で反射して反射光となる。本実施の形態では、合わせガラス１に適切に光を導入することを目的としているので、第１ガラス板１１の内部を伝搬した光が第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１で全反射することが好ましい。
　本実施の形態にかかる発明では、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４と光源１６との間に光学素子１５を配置し、光源１６からの照射光５０を屈折させている。つまり、光学素子１５を配置し、光源１６からの照射光５０を適切な入射角θ３で第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４に導入している。したがって、合わせガラスに適切に光を導入できる。
　以下、各々の入射角の条件について詳細に説明する。
　本実施の形態において、照射光５０の受光面１９への入射角θ１は０°以上４５°以下が好ましい。なお、図２に示す＋方向の入射角が正の値の入射角である。入射角θ１が大きすぎると、光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２にかかわらず、光学素子１５から第２ガラス板１２に光が入射せず、結果として第２ガラス板１２の内部に光が入らない場合がある。この場合、受光面１９から光学素子１５に導入された光５０は、第２ガラス板１２以外へ漏れることになる。
　特に、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４と光学素子１５の受光面１９との成す角度θｐが大きい場合（例えば、７０°～８０°）、入射角θ１が大きくなると、光学素子１５から第２ガラス板１２に光が入射しづらくなる。また、角度θｐが小さい場合（例えば、２０°～３０°）は、入射角θ１が大きくなると、光学素子１５と第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４との界面で光が全反射して第２ガラス板１２の内部に光が入らない場合がある。この場合、受光面１９から光学素子１５に導入された光５０は、第２ガラス板１２以外へ漏れることになる。
　特に本実施の形態では入射角θ１は、２０°以下が好ましく、１５°以下がより好ましく、１０°以下が更に好ましく、５°以下がより更に好ましく、０°（実質的に０°でもよい）が最も好ましい。入射角θ１を２０°以下とした場合は、光学素子１５から第２ガラス板１２に光５０が入射しづらくなる問題を効果的に抑制できる。特に、角度θｐが大きい（例えば、７０°～８０°）場合にこのような問題を効果的に抑制できる。入射角θ１を１５°以下とした場合は、光学素子１５から第２ガラス板１２に光５０が入射しづらくなる問題を抑制でき、更に空気と光学素子１５との界面における界面反射率を十分に小さくできる。例えば、光学素子１５に入射する光５０の界面反射率（つまり、受光面１９における界面反射率）を１％以下にできる。
　入射角θ１を１０°以下とした場合は、角度θｐが大きい（例えば、８０°前後）場合でも、光学素子１５と第２ガラス板１２との界面で全反射がおきにくく、角度θｐの調整幅が広がる。入射角θ１を５°以下とした場合は、角度θｐが小さい場合でも、光学素子１５と第２ガラス板１２との界面で全反射がおきにくく、角度θｐの調整幅が広がる。入射角θ１が０°の場合は、空気から光学素子１５に光５０が入射する際に実質的に反射が生じない。このように、本実施の形態では、照射光５０の受光面１９への入射角θ１を０°以上４５°以下の範囲で調整することで、光学素子１５から第２ガラス板１２への入射角θ３を効果的に調整できる。
　また、本実施の形態において、光学素子１５を介して第２ガラス板１２に入射した光の第３主面２３への入射角θ４は２０°以上９０°未満が好ましい。この条件を満たすことで、光が遠くまで（つまり、面内方向中央側まで）届きやすくできる。本実施の形態では、入射角θ４は３０°以上、４０°以上、５０°以上、６０°以上、７０°以上が好ましい。特に、入射角θ４は、第１ガラス板１１と空気との界面において光が全反射する条件（角度θ６）を決定する角度として重要である。第１ガラス板１１と空気との界面において光を全反射させるためには、入射角θ４を４０°以上とするのが好ましい。このことは、入射角θ１が０°以外の場合も同様である。
　また、入射角θ４は８０°未満が好ましく、７６°以下がより好ましい。入射角θ４が８０°を超えると、第２ガラス板１２と中間接着層１３との界面において光の全反射が起こりやすくなり、第３主面２３よりも車外側（第２方向側）に散乱層が位置する場合、適切な散乱が得られないことがある。
　なお、本実施の形態では、入射角θ４は８０°以上９０°未満でもよい。この場合、散乱層を第３主面２３より車内側（第１方向側）に設ければ適切な散乱が得られる。例えば、散乱層を第３主面２３や第４主面２４に設けてもよい。また、第２ガラス板１２内で光を伝搬できるため、中間接着層１３や第１ガラス板１１による光の吸収を抑制できる。したがって、中間接着層１３および第１ガラス板１１の少なくとも一方が第２ガラス板１２よりも可視光線透過率が低い場合に効果的である。例えば、第１ガラス板１１として、プライバシーガラス等の着色ガラス、熱線吸収ガラス等を使用できる。また、中間接着層１３として、着色された中間膜等を使用できる。なお、入射角θ４が８０°未満の場合においても、第１ガラス板１１として着色ガラス等を使用し、中間接着層１３として着色された中間膜等を使用してもよい。
　本実施の形態において、光学素子１５の屈折率は第２ガラス板１２の屈折率以下でもよい。例えば、第２ガラス板１２の屈折率から光学素子１５の屈折率を引いた値を０．３２以下としてもよい。入射角θ３が６０°の場合、光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２が１．２よりも小さいと、光学素子１５と第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４との界面で１０％近く入射光が反射してしまう。このため、光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２は１．２以上が好ましい。例えば、第２ガラス板１２の屈折率ｎ３が１．５２である場合、光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２を１．２以上とすると、第２ガラス板１２の屈折率ｎ３から光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２を引いた値は１．５２－１．２＝０．３２以下となる。なお、本実施の形態において屈折率の基準は、例えば波長５８９．３ｎｍの光（ナトリウムのＤ線）を用いる。
　また、本実施の形態では、光学素子１５の屈折率を第２ガラス板１２の屈折率よりも大きくしてもよい。このように、光学素子１５の屈折率を第２ガラス板１２の屈折率よりも大きくした場合は、第３主面２３への入射角θ４を大きくできる。例えば、入射角θ１が０°の場合は、θｐ＝６０°、ｎ２＝１．７の条件のときに光が最も遠くへ伝搬する。屈折率ｎ２、屈折率ｎ３、及び角度θｐが、ｓｉｎθｐ＜（ｎ３／ｎ２）の関係を満たすことで、第２ガラス板１２と中間接着層１３との界面における全反射を防ぎやすくなり、好ましい。
　このように本実施の形態では、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４と光源１６との間に光学素子１５を配置し、光源１６からの照射光５０を屈折させている。このとき、照射光５０の光学素子１５への入射角θ１、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４と光学素子１５の受光面１９との成す角度θｐ、光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２などを調整することで、合わせガラス１に導入される光の状態を制御できる。具体的には、これらのパラメータを所定の値にすることで、合わせガラス１に導入される光を遠くに伝搬させたり、近くに伝搬させたりでき、合わせガラス１に導入される光の伝搬範囲を制御できる。
　次に、本実施の形態にかかる合わせガラスのシミュレーション結果について説明する。本実施の形態においてシミュレーションの条件は次のようにした。
　厚さ２ｍｍのソーダライムガラス平板（第１ガラス板１１）／厚さ０．７６ｍｍのＰＶＢシート（中間接着層１３）／厚さ２ｍｍのソーダライムガラス平板（第２ガラス板１２）の順に積層圧着され、２枚のガラス板の間に散乱層を有する合わせガラスを用意した。そして、第２ガラス板１２に光学素子１５を取り付け、光学素子１５を通して光源１６から光５０を合わせガラスに入射させるシミュレーションを行った。なお、空気の屈折率ｎ１を１．００、ガラス平板の屈折率ｎ３を１．５２、ＰＶＢシートの屈折率ｎ４を１．４８とした。本実施の形態では、以下の２つの評価を実施した。
（評価１）
　評価１では、光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４と光学素子１５の受光面１９との成す角度θｐ、及び光源１６から光学素子１５への光５０の入射角θ１をそれぞれ変化させたときの導光状態を確認した。
　評価１の評価基準は下記のようにした。
・光学素子１５と第２ガラス板１２との界面に光が入射しないために、第２ガラス板１２内に光が入らない場合：××（不可）
・光学素子１５と第２ガラス板１２との界面で全反射して、第２ガラス板１２内に光が入らない場合：×（不可）
・第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１で全反射せず第１ガラス板１１から光が外に漏れる場合：○（可）
・第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１で全反射して第１ガラス板１１から光が外に漏れない場合：◎（良）
　上述のシミュレーションにおいて、入射角θ３の計算値が９０°以上の場合には「××」となる。入射角θ３の計算値が９０°未満でも、角度θ４の計算値が９０°以上の場合には「×」となる。入射角θ３の計算値が９０°未満、かつ角度θ４の計算値が９０°未満でも、角度θ６の計算値が９０°未満の場合には「○」となる。入射角θ３の計算値が９０°未満、角度θ４の計算値が９０°未満、かつ角度θ６の計算値が９０°以上の場合にのみ「◎」となる。
　図３、図４に、評価１のシミュレーション結果を示す。図３、図４に示す結果から、入射角θ１の値が比較的小さい場合（例えばθ１＝０°～１５°）は、第２ガラス板１２内に光を導入しやすいといえる。入射角θ１の値が比較的小さい場合は、角度θｐを大きな値（例えば、約５０°以上）に設定しやすいため、光学素子１５と第２ガラス板１２の接触面積（接触幅）を小さくできる。一方、入射角θ１の値が比較的大きい場合（例えばθ１＝２０°～６０°）は、光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２および角度θｐの値を適切に設定することで、第２ガラス板１２内に光を導入できる。入射角θ１の値が比較的大きい場合は、角度θｐを小さな値（例えば、約４０°以下）に設定しやすいため、光学素子１５の厚みを小さくできる。
（評価２）
　評価２では、光源１６から光学素子１５への光５０の入射角θ１を０°に固定し、光学素子１５の屈折率を１．２～２．０の範囲で、角度θｐを１０°～８０°の範囲でそれぞれ変化させたときの最大導光距離を確認した。光源１６からの入射光が第２ガラス板１２に入射した地点から、合わせガラス１の面方向への進行距離が、０．００１［ｍ］、０．００５［ｍ］、０．０１［ｍ］、・・・と、以下０．００５［ｍ］刻みの地点において、入射光に対するエネルギー比を算出した。そして、入射光に対するエネルギー比が０．００１以上を保つ最大導光距離［ｍ］を求めた。最後に、入射角θ１＝０°、光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２＝１．２、角度θｐ＝１０°における最大導光距離（基準導光距離）を１として、各条件における最大導光距離を基準導光距離に対する比で表した。
　図５に、評価２のシミュレーション結果を示す。図５に示す結果では、上述のようにして求めた、基準導光距離を基準（＝１）とした際の各条件における最大導光距離を示している。なお、第２ガラス板１２と中間接着層１３との界面において全反射した場合（角度θ５が９０°以上の場合）には最大導光距離を算出せず、「－」と表示している。
　図５に示すように、入射角θ１を０°に固定した場合は、光学素子１５の屈折率が１．７、θｐが６０°のときに最大導光距離が最も大きくなった（基準導光距離の１１倍）。また、図５の結果に示すように、評価１のシミュレーションで「◎」になった条件では「○」になった条件以上の最大導光距離を達成した。ただし、第２ガラス板１２と中間接着層１３との界面において全反射した場合は比較していない。また、入射角θ１を０°に固定した場合は、各々の角度θｐにおいて光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２が大きい方が最大導光距離が大きくなった。また、入射角θ１を０°に固定した場合は、光学素子１５の各々の屈折率ｎ２において、角度θｐが大きい方が最大導光距離が大きくなった。
　また、図５の結果は、角度θｐが小さくなれば、ガラス平板の屈折率ｎ３（１．５２）よりも大きな屈折率を有する光学素子１５の使用が可能になることを表している。角度θｐが８０°より大きく、例えば９０°に近い場合、ガラス平板の屈折率ｎ３（１．５２）よりも大きな屈折率を有する光学素子１５は、実質的に使用困難である。
　以上で説明したシミュレーション結果からもわかるように、本実施の形態にかかる発明では、照射光５０の光学素子１５への入射角θ１、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４と光学素子１５の受光面１９との成す角度θｐ、光学素子１５の屈折率ｎ２を調整することで、合わせガラス１に導入される光の状態を制御できる。具体的には、これらのパラメータを所定の値にすることで、合わせガラス１に導入される光を遠くに伝搬させたり、近くに伝搬させたりでき、合わせガラス１に導入される光の伝搬範囲を制御できる。
　次に、本実施の形態にかかる合わせガラスの他の構成例について説明する。図６～図８は、本実施の形態にかかる合わせガラスの他の構成例を示す断面図である。
　図６に示す合わせガラス２において、光学素子１５は、光学接着層３１を介して第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４に取りつけられている。また、光源１６は、光学接着層３２を介して光学素子１５の受光面１９（図１参照）に取りつけられている。光学接着層３１、３２には、例えば、アクリレート系、シリコーン系、ウレタン系、ウレタンアクリレート系、エポキシ系、エポキシアクリレート系、アクリルアミド系、メタクリアミド系の樹脂組成物を使用できる。光学接着層３１、３２は、少なくとも可視光線を透過させる接着性部材であり、硬化型透明樹脂および透明粘着シートのいずれでもよい。透明粘着シートは、ポリエステル等の樹脂基材に上述の樹脂組成物を設けたシート状部材でもよい。
　また、本実施の形態では、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４にカバー３３を取り付けてもよい。カバー３３は、光源１６および光学素子１５を覆うように設けられる。例えばカバー３３は、接着層３５、３６を介して第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４に取りつけられる。接着層３５、３６には、光学接着層３１、３２と同じ樹脂組成物を使用してもよく、異なる樹脂組成物を使用してもよい。また、接着層３５、３６は不透明でもよい。
　カバー３３は、樹脂を用いて構成してもよく、金属を用いて構成してもよい。また、カバー３３に光源１６を固定してもよい。図６に示す構成例では、カバー３３は密閉空間を形成しているが、カバー３３は解放空間を形成していてもよい。すなわち、カバー３３の内部と外部は部分的に接続されていてもよい。本実施の形態にかかる発明では、合わせガラス２に導入される光の状態を制御できるため、カバー３３が解放空間を形成していても光が外に漏れにくい。
　なお、光源１６からの光がカバー３３の外に漏れにくくするため、カバー３３の内側に反射層を設けてもよい。本実施の形態では、カバー３３は、合わせガラスの端面には配置されない（配置されたとしても薄い）ので、合わせガラスの幅方向の省スペース化が可能となり、設計の自由度が向上する。
　また、本実施の形態では、第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４、及び第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１と第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４の間、の少なくとも１か所に散乱層を設けてもよい。第１ガラス板１１の第１主面２１と第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４の間としては、第１ガラス板１１の第２主面２２、第２ガラス板１２の第３主面２３、中間接着層１３と第１ガラス板１１の第２主面２２とが接する界面、中間接着層１３と第２ガラス板１２の第３主面２３とが接する界面、および中間接着層１３の内部のいずれかが挙げられる。
　例えば、図７に示す合わせガラス３のように、中間接着層１３と第２ガラス板１２の第３主面２３とが接する界面に散乱層４２を設けてもよい。このように、散乱層４２を設けることで、散乱光を車内側（第１方向側）に取り出せる。このとき、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４にカバー３３を取りつけている接着層３６の代わりに、または接着層３６に加えて反射層（反射機能を備える層）を設けてもよい。このように反射層を設けた場合は、散乱層４２で散乱された光を第２ガラス板１２側に戻すことができ、光を有効活用できる。
　散乱層４２の構成材料および形成方法は特に限定されない。散乱層４２は、ポリウレタン（ＰＵ）、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）、シリコーン等の樹脂シートを用いてもよい。また、ガラスの表面にサンドブラスト、エッチング等の表面加工を施すことで、散乱層４２を形成してもよい。また、セラミック印刷、ペースト等を用いて散乱層４２を形成してもよい。
　また、本実施の形態では、遮蔽層４１を設けてもよい。図７に示す構成例では、中間接着層１３と第１ガラス板１１の第２主面２２とが接する界面に遮蔽層４１を設けている。遮蔽層４１は、平面視した際に、カバー３３と遮蔽層４１とが重畳するように配置してもよい。このように遮蔽層４１を設けた場合は、車外側から光源１６や光学素子１５を視認しにくくできる。
　例えば、中間接着層１３と第２ガラス板１２の第３主面２３とが接する界面で全反射を起こさせることで、第２ガラス板１２の第３主面２３と第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４との間を光が進むようにできる。この場合、外部の媒質は空気（屈折率ｎ１＝１）であるので、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４において光が全反射する。このように第２ガラス板１２内を光が進むように構成した場合は、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４、中間接着層１３と第２ガラス板１２の第３主面２３とが接する界面の少なくとも一方に散乱層を設けて、散乱光を車内側に取り出してもよい。
　また本実施の形態では、図８に示すように、光学素子１７に光源１８を配置する際に、合わせガラスの端部２７の反対側に光源１８を配置してもよい。言い換えれば、光源１８は、光源１８からの光学素子１７への光の照射方向と合わせガラス内の光の進行方向が略反対向きになるように配置してもよい。このように、合わせガラスの端部２７の反対側に光源１８を配置した場合は、光学素子１７を合わせガラスの端部２７近傍に配置でき、散乱光を車内側に取り出せる範囲を広げられる。
　合わせガラスの端部２７の反対側に光源１８を配置した場合は、光学素子１７の反射面２８で光が反射するように構成してもよい。この場合は、光源１８からの照射光が反射面２８で反射して、第２ガラス板１２の第４主面２４に入射する。これ以外については、図２で説明した場合と同様である。
　以上、本発明を上記実施の形態に即して説明したが、本発明は上記実施の形態の構成にのみ限定されるものではなく、本願特許請求の範囲の請求項の発明の範囲内で当業者であればなし得る各種変形、修正、組み合わせを含むことは勿論である。
　なお、２０２２年２月９日に出願された日本特許出願２０２２－０１８７２９号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の開示として取り入れるものである。
１、２、３　車両用合わせガラス（合わせガラス）
１１　第１ガラス板
１２　第２ガラス板
１３　中間接着層
１５　光学素子
１６、１８　光源
１９　受光面
２１　第１主面
２２　第２主面
２３　第３主面
２４　第４主面
２７　端部
２８　反射面
３１、３２　光学接着層
３３　カバー
３５、３６　接着層
５０　照射光（光）

Claims (17)

  1. 　第１主面および第２主面を有する第１ガラス板と、
    　第３主面および第４主面を有する第２ガラス板と、
    　前記第２主面および前記第３主面の間に配置された中間接着層と、
    　前記第４主面に対向し、前記第４主面に向かって光を照射する光源と、
    　前記第４主面と前記光源との間に配置された、前記光源からの照射光を屈折させる光学素子と、を有する
    車両用合わせガラス。
  2. 　前記光学素子は前記第４主面に取りつけられている請求項１に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  3. 　前記光学素子は接着面を有し、前記接着面と前記第４主面が直接接する又は光学接着層を介して接する請求項１又は２に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  4. 　前記光学素子は前記光源に対向する受光面を有し、
    　前記照射光の前記受光面への入射角θ１は０°以上４５°以下である請求項１乃至３のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  5. 　前記光源は、前記光学素子の前記受光面に取りつけられる請求項４に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  6. 　前記光学素子を介して前記第２ガラス板に入射した前記照射光の前記第３主面への入射角θ４は２０°以上９０°未満である請求項１乃至５のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  7. 　前記光学素子の屈折率は前記第２ガラス板の屈折率以下であり、
    　前記第２ガラス板の屈折率から前記光学素子の屈折率を引いた値は０．３２以下である請求項１乃至６のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  8. 　前記光学素子の屈折率は前記第２ガラス板の屈折率よりも大きい請求項１乃至６のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  9. 　前記光学素子はガラスまたは樹脂材料を含む請求項１乃至８のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  10. 　前記光学素子は、反射層を有する請求項１乃至９のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  11. 　前記第４主面に取り付けられるカバーを有し、
    　前記カバーは前記光源および前記光学素子を覆う請求項１乃至１０のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  12. 　前記第１主面、第４主面、及び前記第１主面と第４主面の間、の少なくとも１か所に散乱層を有する請求項１乃至１１のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  13. 　前記光学素子の屈折率ｎ２と、前記第２ガラス板の屈折率ｎ３と、前記第４主面と前記受光面との成す角度θpは、次の式１を満たす請求項８に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
    　ｓｉｎθｐ＜（ｎ３／ｎ２）・・・式１
  14. 　前記第４主面と前記受光面との成す角度θpは１０°～８０°の範囲である請求項１乃至１３のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  15. 　前記光学素子を介して前記第２ガラス板に入射した前記照射光の前記第３主面への入射角θ４は４０°以上８０°未満である請求項６に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  16. 　前記光学素子は、断面視で、前記接着面を構成する辺の一端から他端に向かって、厚みが増加する部分と減少する部分を含む請求項３に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
  17. 　前記光学素子から前記第２ガラス板への入射角θ３は１０°～８０°の範囲である請求項１乃至１６のいずれか一項に記載の車両用合わせガラス。
PCT/JP2023/003383 2022-02-09 2023-02-02 車両用合わせガラス WO2023153306A1 (ja)

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