WO2023090298A1 - 環式化合物および環式化合物の製造方法 - Google Patents
環式化合物および環式化合物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023090298A1 WO2023090298A1 PCT/JP2022/042272 JP2022042272W WO2023090298A1 WO 2023090298 A1 WO2023090298 A1 WO 2023090298A1 JP 2022042272 W JP2022042272 W JP 2022042272W WO 2023090298 A1 WO2023090298 A1 WO 2023090298A1
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- cyclic
- compound
- cyclic compound
- carboxylic acid
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 144
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- YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/005—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by obtaining phenols from products, waste products or side-products of processes, not directed to the production of phenols, by conversion or working-up
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/50—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions decreasing the number of carbon atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/65—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the ferrierite type, e.g. types ZSM-21, ZSM-35 or ZSM-38, as exemplified by patent documents US4046859, US4016245 and US4046859, respectively
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7007—Zeolite Beta
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cyclic compound and a method for producing a cyclic compound.
- Cyclic compounds with specific structures are used as raw materials for various applications such as chemical products, fragrances, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals.
- Patent Document 1 discloses, as a method for producing a hydroxybenzene compound, a method for synthesizing a hydroxybenzene compound by decarboxylating hydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of a catalyst. Moreover, Patent Document 1 mentions, as a catalyst, a zeolite composed of an aluminum/silicon-containing composite oxide and having an FAU structure.
- Patent Literature 2 discloses a method for producing an aromatic compound from an aromatic carbon resource through an oxidation step and a decarboxylation step. Further, Patent Document 1 discloses that cuprous oxide is used as a catalyst and a decarboxylation step is performed by heat-treating in subcritical water in the presence of the catalyst. Cuprous oxide is solid and can be easily recovered, so it can be reused. Therefore, the method described in Patent Literature 2 can reduce costs compared to, for example, a method using a noble metal as a catalyst. Further, in the method described in Patent Document 2, the reaction efficiency of the decarboxylation reaction is enhanced by performing the heat treatment under high pressure.
- Patent Document 2 the catalyst described in Patent Document 2 is considered to be solid even under heating. Therefore, the method described in Patent Document 2 has a problem that it is difficult to improve the contact efficiency between the aromatic carbon resource and the catalyst.
- the use of subcritical water is expected to increase the reaction efficiency of the decarboxylation reaction, but maintaining subcritical water requires equipment to maintain high pressure, resulting in high equipment costs. transformation is inevitable.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a phenolic resin having a structure derived from plant-derived phenols. By providing a structure derived from plant-derived phenols, a phenol resin with a high plant-derived rate can be obtained. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses that a rubber composition having improved rubber strength can be obtained by preparing a rubber composition containing such a phenol resin and a rubber component.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that the proportion of structures derived from plant-derived phenols in the phenol resin is 50 to 65% by mass. By including a structure derived from plant-derived phenols in such a ratio, the plant-derived ratio of the phenol resin is increased, and a phenol resin having improved compatibility with rubber can be obtained.
- plant-derived phenols often contain miscellaneous components. For this reason, plant-derived phenols have a problem that their quality tends to be unstable.
- the catalyst contains a zeolite composed of an aluminum-silicon-containing composite oxide,
- a step of subjecting a raw material containing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound to heat treatment in the presence of a non-solid acid to cause a decarboxylation reaction in the cyclic carboxylic acid compound to obtain a cyclic compound. has A method for producing a cyclic compound, wherein the non-solid acid has an acid dissociation constant pKa of 5.00 or less.
- a cyclic compound produced by subjecting a raw material containing a biomass-derived cyclic carboxylic acid compound to heat treatment to cause a decarboxylation reaction in the cyclic carboxylic acid compound The concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in all carbon atoms is 80 to 100% when the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in circulating carbon in 1950 is 100%, A cyclic compound characterized in that the ratio of a main component having a single molecular structure is 90 to 100 mol%.
- the raw material is the cyclic compound according to any one of (15) to (17) above, which does not contain a solvent.
- the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in all carbon atoms of the cyclic compound is 80 to 100% when the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in the circulating carbon as of 1950 is 100%,
- a high-quality cyclic compound can be produced in a high yield from a cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- a cyclic compound that contributes greatly to carbon neutrality and has stable quality is obtained. Also, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the cyclic compounds described above can be prepared.
- FIG. 1 is a process chart for explaining a method for producing a cyclic compound according to each embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram prepared by plotting the yield and degree of coloring of the cyclic compounds produced in each example and each comparative example on an orthogonal coordinate system.
- FIG. 1 is a process chart for explaining a method for producing a cyclic compound according to each embodiment of the present invention.
- a first embodiment of the method for producing a cyclic compound of the present invention will be described.
- a raw material containing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound is subjected to heat treatment by heating in the presence of a catalyst, thereby causing a decarboxylation reaction in the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. at least the step of obtaining the formula compound.
- the raw material preparation step S01 which is an arbitrary step, and the heating step S02 described above will be described.
- Raw material preparation step S01 In the raw material preparation step S01, a raw material containing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound is prepared. This step may be performed as necessary, and can be omitted when preparation has been completed.
- a cyclic carboxylic acid compound is a general term for compounds having a cyclic structure and a carboxy group bonded to the cyclic structure.
- a cyclic carboxylic acid compound is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- Ring A is a saturated, partially saturated or aromatic 5-membered ring, a saturated, partially saturated or aromatic 6-membered ring, or a condensed ring containing a 5- or 6-membered ring; be.
- R 2 to R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, amino group, alkoxy group, carboxy group or carbonyl group.
- saturated, partially saturated or aromatic five-membered rings include furan structures, thiophene structures, pyrrole structures, pyrrolidine structures, tetrahydrofuran structures, 2,3-dihydrofuran structures, pyrazole structures, imidazole structures, oxazole structures, Examples include an isoxazole structure, a thiazole structure, an isothiazole structure, and the like.
- the 6-membered saturated ring includes, for example, a hydrocarbon saturated ring such as a cyclohexane structure, a nitrogen-containing saturated ring such as a piperidine structure, a piperazine structure, a triazinane structure, a tetrazinane structure, a pentadinane structure, a quinuclidine structure, and a tetrahydropyran structure.
- a hydrocarbon saturated ring such as a cyclohexane structure
- a nitrogen-containing saturated ring such as a piperidine structure, a piperazine structure, a triazinane structure, a tetrazinane structure, a pentadinane structure, a quinuclidine structure, and a tetrahydropyran structure.
- an oxygen-containing saturated ring such as a morpholine structure
- a sulfur-containing saturated ring such as a tetrahydrothiopyran structure
- the 6-membered partially saturated ring includes a hydrocarbon partially saturated ring such as a cyclohexene structure and a cyclohexadiene structure, a nitrogen-containing partially saturated ring such as a piperidine structure, an oxygen-containing partially saturated ring such as a pyran structure, and a thiazine structure.
- a sulfur-containing partially saturated ring such as is mentioned.
- the 6-membered aromatic ring includes a hydrocarbon aromatic ring such as a benzene structure, a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring such as a pyridine structure, a pyridazine structure, a pyrimidine structure, a pyrazine structure, a triazine structure, a tetrazine structure, and a pentazine structure unsaturated ring) and the like.
- a hydrocarbon aromatic ring such as a benzene structure
- a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring such as a pyridine structure, a pyridazine structure, a pyrimidine structure, a pyrazine structure, a triazine structure, a tetrazine structure, and a pentazine structure unsaturated ring
- the condensed ring includes, for example, a condensed ring of a 6-membered ring and a 5-membered ring, a condensed ring of two 6-membered rings, and the like.
- examples of the condensed ring of a 6-membered ring and a 5-membered ring include indole-based structures such as indole, indolenine, indoline, isoindole, isoindolenine, isoindoline, isodolidine, purine, and indolizidine. .
- condensed rings of two six-membered rings include quinoline structures such as quinoline, isoquinoline, quinolizidine, quinoxaline, cinnoline, quinazoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, and pteridine.
- R 2 to R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, amino group, alkoxy group, carboxy group or carbonyl group.
- R 2 to R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, amino group, alkoxy group, carboxy group or carbonyl group.
- Ring A When any one of R 2 to R 6 when Ring A is a 6-membered ring or any of R 2 to R 5 when Ring A is a 5- membered ring is a carbonyl group, the ring A structure in which the ring-constituting atoms of A are carbon atoms and a double bond is formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms is referred to as a carbonyl group.
- cyclic carboxylic acid compounds include 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (m-salicylic acid), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-salicylic acid), and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
- cyclic carboxylic acid compounds are particularly preferably hydroxybenzoic acids, aminobenzoic acids, or shikimic acids. These can be easily prepared from raw materials derived from biomass.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is particularly preferably 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, or shikimic acid. These produce cyclic compounds that are particularly useful as raw materials for chemical products, fragrances, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and the like through decarboxylation.
- the molecular weight of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is not particularly limited, it is preferably 120-1000, more preferably 130-850.
- the raw material containing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound may be a raw material derived from fossil resources, but is preferably a raw material derived from biomass.
- Biomass refers to organic resources derived from plants. Specific examples include plant bodies that are stored after being converted into forms such as starch and cellulose, animal bodies that grow by eating plants, and products made by processing plant and animal bodies.
- pretreatment is first performed. Thereby, mixed sugars such as oligosaccharides or polysaccharides having glucose units are obtained from the biomass.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid
- obtaining a raw material containing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid from the mixed sugar by the method described in Biotechnology and Bioengineering 76, 376, 2001.
- 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can be obtained by fermentation using bacteria or recombinant bacteria using mixed sugars such as glucose as a carbon source. Bacteria or recombinant bacteria used for fermentation are not particularly limited.
- crystallization fermentation is performed using microorganisms that can grow in weak acidity near the acid dissociation constant (pKa) at which 4-hydroxybenzoic acid becomes insoluble, and the target 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is obtained by solid-liquid separation.
- pKa acid dissociation constant
- an amine solvent that is immiscible with water is added to an aqueous solution of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the ammonium salt form obtained by fermentation, and the mixture is heated to remove ammonia and produce an amine of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
- a solution may be obtained.
- 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is esterified with an alcohol, the resulting 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ester is purified by distillation, and then hydrolyzed to produce 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
- cyclic carboxylic acid compound is 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
- a raw material containing 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is prepared by fermentation using recombinant bacteria using a mixed sugar such as glucose as a carbon source.
- Recombinant bacteria used for fermentation are not particularly limited.
- this step may be a step of preparing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound produced by, for example, recycling.
- a biomass-derived raw material as the raw material containing the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- fossil resources are not consumed in the preparation of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound, so an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration can be suppressed. Therefore, it can contribute to the suppression of global warming.
- the raw material may be a mixture of a fossil resource-derived material and a biomass-derived material.
- the raw material containing the cyclic carboxylic acid compound may or may not contain a solvent in addition to the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the raw material does not contain a solvent. If no solvent is used, the reaction rate of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound in the heating step S02 described below can be increased. Moreover, the amount of heat required for heat treatment in the heating step S02 can be reduced. Therefore, the manufacturing efficiency can be particularly enhanced.
- solvent-free refers to a state in which the solvent content is 1% by mass or less of the entire raw material.
- the fluidity of the raw material can be improved, so the handling of the raw material is improved.
- the content of the solvent is more than 1% by mass of the whole raw material, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is preferably 150 or less, and 15 or less. is more preferable.
- solvent examples include water, alcohol, alkylene glycol, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers and the like, and one of these alone or a mixture of two or more of them, or at least one of them and other solvents are used.
- alcohol examples include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, pentanol, and hexanol.
- alkylene glycol examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol and 1,6-hexanediol. etc.
- aromatic hydrocarbons examples include benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, cumene, mesitylene, naphthalene, tetralin, and NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).
- Ethers include, for example, diphenyl ether and dimethyl ether.
- Heating step S02 In the heating step S02, the raw material is subjected to heat treatment in which it is heated under a catalyst. This causes the cyclic carboxylic acid compound to undergo a decarboxylation reaction. As a result, a cyclic compound is obtained.
- a decarboxylation reaction of a cyclic carboxylic acid compound is represented by the following formula.
- reaction formula described above is expressed as follows when the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is, for example, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-salicylic acid).
- reaction formula described above is expressed as follows when the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is, for example, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid).
- reaction formula described above is expressed as follows when the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is, for example, 4-aminobenzoic acid.
- reaction formula described above is expressed as follows when the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is, for example, shikimic acid.
- this step is performed as follows. First, a raw material containing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound is put into a reactor.
- the reactor is not particularly limited as long as it is composed of a material that does not cause denaturation of raw materials. Further, the reactor has a function of adjusting temperature, but may also have a function of adjusting pressure.
- the catalyst acts on the cyclic carboxylic acid compound contained in the raw material to break strong carbon-carbon bonds. That is, the catalyst promotes the decarboxylation reaction of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. This gives a high yield of the cyclic compound.
- the catalyst may be put into the reactor first, or the raw material and the catalyst may be put into the reactor at the same time.
- the temperature in the heat treatment is preferably 150-350°C, more preferably 180-300°C, and even more preferably 200-290°C. By performing the heat treatment at this temperature, the decarboxylation reaction can be promoted more. Thereby, a cyclic compound can be produced efficiently at low cost.
- the heating temperature is less than the above lower limit, the decarboxylation reaction promotion effect of the catalyst may decrease, and the yield of the cyclic compound may decrease.
- the heating temperature exceeds the upper limit, the yield hardly increases, but the energy consumption increases, which may increase the production cost.
- the heating temperature may be adjusted according to the melting point of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the heating temperature is preferably higher than the melting point of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound, more preferably 10° C. or more higher than the melting point.
- the heating temperature when heat-treating a raw material containing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is preferably above 214°C and 350°C or less, and is 224°C. More preferably, the temperature is at least 290°C.
- the heating temperature when heat-treating a raw material containing 3,4-hydroxybenzoic acid should be above 221° C. and 350° C. or less. It is preferably 231° C. or higher and 290° C. or lower, more preferably.
- the heating temperature when heat-treating a raw material containing 4-aminobenzoic acid is preferably above 187°C and 350°C or less, and is 197°C. More preferably, the temperature is at least 290°C.
- the heating time at such a heating temperature is appropriately set in consideration of the reaction rate of the decarboxylation reaction and other reaction conditions. Minutes or more and 12 hours or less are more preferable, and 30 minutes or more and 6 hours or less are even more preferable.
- the pressure inside the reactor in the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and may be atmospheric pressure, below atmospheric pressure, or above atmospheric pressure. Normal pressure means 86 kPa or more and 106 kPa or less. If the pressure is normal pressure, the pressure resistance of the reactor can be lowered, so the size of the reactor can be easily increased.
- the pressure inside the reactor is less than normal pressure, the volatility of the cyclic compound obtained after the decarboxylation reaction can be increased. Thereby, by condensing the volatilized cyclic compound, it is possible to purify the cyclic compound and produce a cyclic compound of higher purity.
- the specific pressure is preferably 0.01 atmosphere (1 kPa) or more and less than normal pressure, more preferably 0.1 atmosphere or more and less than 0.7 atmosphere (71 kPa). If the pressure in the heat treatment is less than the above lower limit, the cyclic carboxylic acid compound contained in the raw material also becomes highly volatile, which may reduce the yield.
- the pressure inside the reactor exceeds normal pressure, the temperature inside the reactor can be raised to the boiling point or higher of the solvent. As a result, the acceleration of the decarboxylation reaction by the catalyst becomes more pronounced. As a result, the yield of the cyclic compound can be further increased.
- the specific pressure is preferably above normal pressure and 10 MPa or less, more preferably 200 kPa or more and 1 MPa or less. As a result, it is not necessary to increase the pressure resistance performance of the reactor more than necessary, which facilitates cost reduction.
- the atmosphere in the reactor is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an air atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, or the like.
- an inert gas atmosphere may be selected to suppress side reactions such as oxidation of cyclic compounds.
- inert gases include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, and the like.
- the reactor may be a batch reactor, a semi-batch reactor, a continuous reactor, or a flow reactor.
- the reactor of the flow reaction system is a reactor in which a raw material is inserted from one side of a reaction tube filled with a catalyst and a product is taken out from the other side.
- the reaction mode is preferably a fixed bed type, a moving bed type, or a fluidized bed type.
- the fixed bed type is particularly preferable because the structure of the reactor is not complicated and the construction cost is relatively low.
- heating it is possible to use a tubular heating furnace that heats from the outside.
- the reactor may have a structure that can seal the raw material and the catalyst, or may have a structure that does not seal.
- a step of separating the cyclic compound or a step of purifying the cyclic compound may be provided as necessary.
- the constituent material of the catalyst includes zeolite.
- a zeolite is a material composed of an aluminum-silicon-containing composite oxide and containing a large number of pores.
- the aluminum/silicon-containing composite oxide refers to a substance in which aluminum oxide and silicon oxide are chemically combined.
- the aluminum/silicon-containing composite oxide is represented by the following general formula (1).
- Me is an X-valent cation present in the pores of the zeolite.
- m is called SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio (silica-alumina ratio) and takes a value of 2 or more.
- n represents the amount of adsorbed water.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of the zeolite is 7-500.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of zeolite is the ratio of the molar amount of SiO 2 to the molar amount of Al 2 O 3 in the zeolite, and represents the acid strength and acid amount when the zeolite behaves as a solid acid. is an indicator.
- the present inventors have found that the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of the zeolite is related to the performance of the catalyst used when producing a cyclic compound from a cyclic carboxylic acid compound. Further, the present inventors have found that when the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio is within the above range, the decarboxylation reaction in the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is particularly promoted by the catalyst, leading to the completion of the present invention.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio when the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio is within the above range, the efficiency of the decarboxylation reaction can be particularly enhanced by the action of the catalyst, and the yield of the cyclic compound can be particularly enhanced.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio when the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio is below the lower limit, the acid strength of the solid acid is lowered. As a result, the performance of the catalyst deteriorates and the yield of the cyclic compound decreases.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio exceeds the above upper limit, the acid amount of the solid acid decreases. As a result, the performance of the catalyst deteriorates and the yield of the cyclic compound decreases.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio can be determined by, for example, fluorescent X-ray analysis.
- the method for producing a cyclic compound according to this embodiment includes the heating step S02 described above.
- the raw material containing the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is subjected to heat treatment in the presence of a catalyst.
- This causes the cyclic carboxylic acid compound to undergo a decarboxylation reaction.
- a cyclic compound is obtained.
- the catalyst contains a zeolite composed of an aluminum-silicon-containing composite oxide. And the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of the zeolite is 7-500.
- the efficiency of the decarboxylation reaction is particularly enhanced by the action of the catalyst, and the yield of the cyclic compound can be particularly enhanced.
- the obtained cyclic compound realizes high quality such as little coloring.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of the zeolite is preferably 7-50, more preferably 10-45, still more preferably 15-43.
- the cyclic compound obtained through this step is a compound in which the carboxyl group of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is removed, as shown in the reaction formula described above.
- the produced cyclic compound is phenol.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, the cyclic compound produced is catechol.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is 4-aminobenzoic acid, the cyclic compound produced is aniline.
- Cyclic compounds produced from cyclic carboxylic acid compounds are particularly useful as raw materials for products such as chemical products, fragrances, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals.
- examples of chemical products include materials for electric/electronic parts, materials for synthetic fibers, resin materials, and chemical materials.
- the raw materials include intermediates.
- the acid amount of the zeolite contained in the catalyst by the NH 3 -TPD method is preferably 0.1 to 2.5 [mmol/g], more preferably 0.4 to 2.2 [mmol/g]. It is preferably 0.8 to 1.9 [mmol/g], and more preferably 0.8 to 1.9 [mmol/g].
- the acidity of the zeolite by the NH 3 -TPD method determines the performance of the catalyst. Specifically, the higher the acid content, the better the performance of the catalyst and the higher the yield of the cyclic compound.
- the acid amount of the zeolite by the NH 3 -TPD method is within the above range, the purity of the cyclic compound can be increased, so that, for example, coloring of the cyclic compound can be suppressed.
- the quality of the products can be improved. In other words, the quality of the cyclic compound can be enhanced.
- it since it is possible to omit the refining of the raw material and reduce the man-hours of the refining process, it contributes to reducing the man-hours for manufacturing the product.
- the NH 3 -TPD method is an evaluation method in which NH 3 gas is adsorbed on a sample to be measured, and the desorbed NH 3 gas is measured by continuously raising the temperature.
- the above-mentioned acid amount is a value measured by the NH 3 -TPD method according to "Solid acid property measurement by ammonia temperature programmed desorption method, Catalyst, vol.42, p.218 (2000)".
- the acid content of zeolite by the NH 3 -TPD method is measured as follows.
- 0.4 g of the sample is allowed to stand under vacuum at 500°C for 1 hour, and this is used as a pretreatment.
- a mixed gas containing 10% by volume of ammonia and 90% by volume of helium is passed through the sample after pretreatment for 1 hour at room temperature to allow saturated adsorption of ammonia to the sample.
- the sample is heated to 100° C. while circulating helium gas instead of the mixed gas.
- the chamber is evacuated at 100° C. for 5 minutes to remove ammonia remaining in the atmosphere.
- the temperature is raised to 700° C. at a rate of 10° C./min while helium gas is circulated at a flow rate of 60 mL/min.
- a TCD detector is then used to measure the amount of ammonia measured during the heating process. From the measured amount of ammonia, the amount of adsorbed ammonia per unit mass of the sample is calculated, and this is defined as the amount of acid (mmol/g).
- the aluminum/silicon-containing composite oxide has crystallinity.
- the aluminum/silicon-containing composite oxide often contains regularly arranged pores derived from its crystal structure.
- Zeolite contained in the catalyst includes, for example, LTA zeolite, FER zeolite, MWW zeolite, MFI zeolite, MOR zeolite, LTL zeolite, FAU zeolite, and BEA zeolite.
- the catalyst preferably contains at least one of FER zeolite, MFI zeolite, BEA zeolite and MOR zeolite, and at least one of MFI zeolite, BEA zeolite and MOR zeolite. more preferably.
- a zeolite having such a skeleton structure has a structure in which pores having diameters appropriate to the molecular size of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound are distributed. That is, a zeolite having such a skeleton structure has pores with a diameter (pore diameter) that allows the cyclic carboxylic acid compound to easily enter, and has a structure with a sufficiently large number of pores. Therefore, the catalyst containing this zeolite greatly contributes to the promotion of the decarboxylation reaction, and can particularly increase the yield of cyclic compounds. Also, these structure codes include one or more crystal forms.
- Crystal forms of LTA-type zeolite include, for example, A-type. Crystal forms of FER-type zeolite include, for example, ferrierite-type. Crystal forms of MWW-type zeolite include, for example, MCM-22 type. Crystal forms of MFI-type zeolite include, for example, ZSM-5 type. Crystal forms of MOR-type zeolite include, for example, mordenite type. Crystal forms of LTL-type zeolite include, for example, L-type. Crystal forms of FAU-type zeolite include, for example, X-type, Y-type, and faujasite-type. Crystal forms of BEA-type zeolite include, for example, beta-type.
- the zeolite contained in the catalyst preferably contains at least one crystalline form of ferrierite, ZSM-5, beta and mordenite, and ZSM-5, beta and mordenite. More preferably, it contains at least one crystalline form.
- a zeolite containing such a crystalline form particularly enhances the performance of the catalyst, so it is excellent in the action of producing a highly pure cyclic compound, and can, for example, suppress the coloring of the cyclic compound.
- a zeolite containing such a crystalline form particularly enhances the performance of the catalyst, so it is excellent in the action of producing a highly pure cyclic compound, and can, for example, suppress the coloring of the cyclic compound.
- the pore diameter of the zeolite is optimized with respect to the molecular size of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. 0 nm or less, and more preferably 0.5 nm or more and 0.8 nm or less. If the pore diameter is within the above range, the molecules of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound can easily enter the pores. Therefore, the decarboxylation reaction occurring in the pores is particularly promoted, and the yield of the cyclic compound can be particularly increased. In addition, an adverse effect of an excessively large pore size is, for example, that even molecules that are bulkier and larger than the cyclic carboxylic acid compound are allowed to pass through the pores, resulting in poor shape selectivity of the zeolite for the cyclic carboxylic acid. Yields of cyclic compounds are reduced.
- the pore diameter is below the above lower limit, the molecules of some types of cyclic carboxylic acid compounds may be difficult to enter the pores, which may hinder the promotion of the decarboxylation reaction by the catalyst.
- the pore diameter exceeds the upper limit, even molecules that are bulkier and larger than the cyclic carboxylic acid compound can pass through the pores, which may reduce the chances of promoting the decarboxylation reaction.
- the zeolite has a plurality of pores with different pore diameters, at least one pore diameter should be within the above range.
- the pore diameter can be measured by, for example, a nitrogen adsorption method.
- Cations compensate for the negative charge in the zeolite framework structure.
- Examples of cations include hydrogen ions, potassium ions, sodium ions, and ammonium ions.
- the zeolites preferably contain hydrogen, potassium, sodium, ammonium, and the like.
- the cation may be an organic cation (template).
- the zeolite preferably contains hydrogen.
- Zeolites containing hydrogen behave as solid acids. Solid acids are particularly useful in carbon-carbon bond scission reactions and particularly accelerate decarboxylation reactions. This makes it possible in particular to increase the yield of cyclic compounds.
- the zeolite contains hydrogen, the purity of the cyclic compound can be easily increased, so that, for example, coloring of the cyclic compound can be suppressed.
- the content of zeolite in the catalyst is preferably 60% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less. As a result, the zeolite is predominantly present in the catalyst, so that the catalytic action of the zeolite is fully exhibited.
- the catalyst may contain various additives such as binders, molding aids, and water-soluble sodium salts.
- binders include clay, silica sol, and alumina.
- Molding aids include, for example, cellulose, alcohol, lignin, starch, guar gum and the like.
- water-soluble sodium salts examples include inorganic acid sodium salts such as sodium phosphate, sodium silicate, and sodium aluminate; acid sodium salt, and the like.
- the form of the catalyst is not particularly limited, and is, for example, in the form of powder, granules, molding, or the like.
- catalysts shaped to a certain size are preferably used as catalysts for fixed bed reactors.
- the shape of the molded catalyst includes, for example, a spherical shape, a tablet shape, a pellet shape, a ring shape, a honeycomb shape, etc., and is appropriately selected according to the flow rate and pressure. Also, different types of catalysts may be used in combination.
- the average particle size of the powdery or granular catalyst is preferably about 1 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably about 2 to 300 ⁇ m. When the average particle size of the catalyst is within the above range, the specific surface area of the catalyst is sufficiently increased, and the handleability of the catalyst is relatively good.
- the average particle size of the catalyst is a value obtained by averaging the particle sizes of 10 or more catalysts when the catalyst is observed under a microscope.
- the amount of the catalyst added to the raw material is not particularly limited, but the amount of zeolite is preferably 0.01 to 1.5 mol, more preferably 0.10 to 1.0 mol, per 1.0 mol of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. It is more preferable that the amount is Thereby, a necessary and sufficient amount of catalyst acts on the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. As a result, it is possible to sufficiently increase the yield of the cyclic compound and to suppress the adverse effects associated with an excessive amount of the catalyst, for example, the problem of reduced separability of the cyclic compound.
- W/F is preferably 0.01 to 10000 [g h/mol], more preferably 0.1 to 1000 [g h/mol]. more preferred.
- W is the mass (g) of the catalyst packed in the reaction tube
- F is the flow rate (mol/h) of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound that flows through the layer packed with the catalyst. Therefore, W/F is the ratio of the mass of catalyst packed to the flow rate of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound flowing in the reaction tube.
- the specific surface area of the zeolite is preferably 100 to 1000 [m 2 /g], more preferably 200 to 600 [m 2 /g]. If the specific surface area of the zeolite is within the above range, it means that the zeolite has pores with a sufficient density. Therefore, the yield of cyclic compounds can be particularly increased.
- the specific surface area of zeolite is measured, for example, by the BET method.
- a raw material containing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound is subjected to heat treatment in the presence of a non-solid acid to cause a decarboxylation reaction in the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. and obtaining a cyclic compound. That is, in the method for producing a cyclic compound of the present embodiment, instead of performing a heat treatment for heating a raw material containing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound in the presence of a non-solid acid, the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is produced in the presence of a non-solid acid. It is the same as the above-described first embodiment except that the heat treatment for heating the raw material contained therein is performed.
- Heating step S02 In the heating step S02, the raw material is subjected to heat treatment in the presence of a non-solid acid. This causes the cyclic carboxylic acid compound to undergo a decarboxylation reaction. As a result, a cyclic compound is obtained.
- the decarboxylation reaction of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is as described in the first embodiment.
- this step is performed as follows. First, a raw material containing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound is put into a reactor.
- the reactor is not particularly limited as long as it is composed of a material that does not cause denaturation of raw materials. Further, the reactor has a function of adjusting temperature, but may also have a function of adjusting pressure.
- the non-solid acid acts on the cyclic carboxylic acid compound contained in the raw material to break strong carbon-carbon bonds. That is, the non-solid acid promotes the decarboxylation reaction of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. This gives a high yield of the cyclic compound.
- the non-solid acid may be put into the reactor first, or the raw material and the non-solid acid may be put into the reactor at the same time.
- the raw material may contain a non-solid acid together with the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the temperature in the heat treatment is preferably 150-350°C, more preferably 180-300°C, and even more preferably 200-290°C. By performing the heat treatment at this temperature, the decarboxylation reaction can be promoted more. Thereby, a cyclic compound can be produced efficiently at low cost.
- the heating temperature is less than the above lower limit, the decarboxylation reaction promotion effect of the non-solid acid may decrease, and the yield of the cyclic compound may decrease.
- the heating temperature exceeds the upper limit, the yield hardly increases, but the energy consumption increases, which may increase the production cost.
- the heating temperature may be adjusted according to the melting point of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the heating temperature is preferably higher than the melting point of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound, more preferably 10° C. or more higher than the melting point.
- the heating temperature when heat-treating a raw material containing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is preferably above 214°C and 350°C or less, and is 224°C. More preferably, the temperature is at least 290°C.
- the heating temperature when heat-treating a raw material containing 3,4-hydroxybenzoic acid should be above 221° C. and 350° C. or less. It is preferably 231° C. or higher and 290° C. or lower, more preferably.
- the heating temperature when heat-treating a raw material containing 4-aminobenzoic acid is preferably above 187°C and 350°C or less, and is 197°C. More preferably, the temperature is at least 290°C.
- the heating time at such a heating temperature is appropriately set in consideration of the reaction rate of the decarboxylation reaction and other reaction conditions. Minutes or more and 12 hours or less are more preferable, and 30 minutes or more and 6 hours or less are even more preferable.
- the pressure inside the reactor in the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and may be atmospheric pressure, below atmospheric pressure, or above atmospheric pressure. Normal pressure means 86 kPa or more and 106 kPa or less. If the pressure is normal pressure, the pressure resistance of the reactor can be lowered, so the size of the reactor can be easily increased.
- the pressure inside the reactor is less than normal pressure, the volatility of the cyclic compound obtained after the decarboxylation reaction can be increased. Thereby, by condensing the volatilized cyclic compound, it is possible to purify the cyclic compound and produce a cyclic compound of higher purity.
- the specific pressure is preferably 0.01 atmosphere (1 kPa) or more and less than normal pressure, more preferably 0.1 atmosphere or more and less than 0.7 atmosphere (71 kPa). If the pressure in the heat treatment is less than the above lower limit, the cyclic carboxylic acid compound contained in the raw material also becomes highly volatile, which may reduce the yield.
- the pressure inside the reactor exceeds normal pressure, the temperature inside the reactor can be raised to the boiling point or higher of the solvent. As a result, acceleration of the decarboxylation reaction by the non-solid acid becomes more pronounced. As a result, the yield of the cyclic compound can be increased.
- the specific pressure is preferably above normal pressure and 40 MPa or less, more preferably 200 kPa or more and 10 MPa or less. As a result, it is not necessary to increase the pressure resistance performance of the reactor more than necessary, which facilitates cost reduction.
- the atmosphere in the reactor is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an air atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, or the like.
- an inert gas atmosphere may be selected to suppress side reactions such as oxidation of cyclic compounds.
- inert gases include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, and the like.
- the reactor may be a batch reactor, a semi-batch reactor, a continuous reactor, or a flow reactor.
- the reaction mode is preferably a fixed bed type, a moving bed type, or a fluidized bed type.
- the fixed bed type is particularly preferable because the structure of the reactor is not complicated and the construction cost is relatively low.
- heating it is possible to use a tubular heating furnace that heats from the outside.
- the reactor may have a structure that can seal the raw material and the non-solid acid, or may have a structure that does not seal.
- a step of separating the cyclic compound or a step of purifying the cyclic compound may be provided as necessary.
- the heating step S02 heats the raw material in the presence of a non-solid acid.
- the non-solid acid used in the heating step S02 is an acid that exists as a liquid or gas during heat treatment. If it is a non-solid acid, it mixes uniformly with the raw materials when heated in the reactor. Therefore, the contact efficiency between the raw material and the non-solid acid is increased.
- Examples of the non-solid acid used in the heating step S02 include inorganic acids and organic acids.
- inorganic acids include sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc., and one or a mixture of two or more thereof is used.
- the inorganic acid When a material containing an inorganic acid is used as the non-solid acid used in the heating step S02, the inorganic acid easily dissolves in water, so the solubility of the non-solid acid in water can be easily increased. Thereby, when the non-solid acid is used as an aqueous solution, the concentration of the non-solid acid can be easily adjusted. Therefore, it is possible to easily adjust the amount of acid relative to the amount of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. As a result, excess or deficiency of the non-solid acid is less likely to occur, and the yield of the cyclic compound can be easily increased while suppressing the generation of surplus of the non-solid acid.
- the load on the equipment can be reduced because the strength of the organic acid as an acid is moderate. Specifically, the organic acid is less likely to destabilize the passive film of the metal and therefore less likely to cause corrosion of the metal. Therefore, there is no need to take special measures against corrosion for the equipment, and the cost of the equipment can be reduced.
- organic acids have moderate strength as acids, so they are less likely to produce by-products.
- By-products may cause coloring of the produced cyclic compound or cause a decrease in purity. Therefore, by suppressing the production of by-products, it is possible to improve the quality of the cyclic compound.
- the colored cyclic compound can be decolored by adding purification treatment.
- Examples of the organic acid include various carboxylic acids such as aliphatic carboxylic acids (fatty acids) and derivatives thereof, various sulfonic acids and derivatives thereof, and the like, and one or a mixture of two or more thereof is used. .
- Various carboxylic acids also include monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and tricarboxylic acids.
- Various sulfonic acids include monosulfonic acids, disulfonic acids and trisulfonic acids. Derivatives include, for example, esters, amides, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, and the like.
- the organic acid used in the heating step S02 is preferably an aliphatic carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof.
- Aliphatic carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof are particularly unlikely to produce by-products during heat treatment. Therefore, aliphatic carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof are useful as organic acids used in the heating step S02.
- Aliphatic carboxylic acids include saturated aliphatic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, pivalic acid, caproic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, pyruvic acid.
- Monocarboxylic acids unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, ⁇ -ketoglutaric acid, saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as glutaric acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid and adipic acid; unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid and fumaric acid; and tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid, isocitric acid and aconitic acid. be done.
- unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, ⁇ -
- the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 or more and 8 or less, more preferably 2 or more and 6 or less. , 3 or more and 5 or less.
- An aliphatic carboxylic acid having such a carbon number has a melting point at which it becomes liquid at the heating temperature described above, or a boiling point at which it becomes gaseous. Therefore, by performing heat treatment in the presence of the aliphatic carboxylic acid having the number of carbon atoms described above, a reaction system in which the aliphatic carboxylic acid is uniformly mixed with the raw material can be produced.
- the aliphatic carboxylic acid acting like a catalyst has many opportunities to come into contact with the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. Therefore, the aliphatic carboxylic acid can efficiently promote the decarboxylation reaction of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the melting point of the non-solid acid is preferably 350°C or lower, more preferably 300°C or lower.
- the non-solid acid becomes liquid or gas during the heat treatment, so that the reaction system between the raw material and the non-solid acid becomes more uniform.
- the decarboxylation reaction can be particularly accelerated.
- the boiling point of the non-solid acid is preferably 80°C or higher, more preferably 90°C or higher and 350°C or lower, and even more preferably 100°C or higher and 250°C or lower. This increases the probability that the non-solid acid will become a gas during heat treatment. As a result, the non-solid acid can act particularly like a homogeneous catalyst and can particularly promote the decarboxylation reaction.
- the boiling point of the non-solid acid is preferably different from the boiling point of the cyclic compound to be produced.
- the boiling point difference is preferably greater than 0 ° C., and is 10 to 250 ° C. is more preferred, and 30 to 200°C is even more preferred. If the boiling point difference is within the above range, the separability of the cyclic compound in evaporative separation can be further enhanced. That is, when the cyclic compound is evaporated and recovered as the temperature rises, it is possible to prevent the non-solid acid from entering the cyclic compound as an impurity.
- saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are preferably used. These are also called saturated fatty acids and are chemically stable. Therefore, decomposition, denaturation, etc. are unlikely to occur during heat treatment. Therefore, it is easy to increase the purity of the cyclic compound obtained by the decarboxylation reaction.
- the strength of non-solid acids is represented by the acid dissociation constant pKa.
- the acid dissociation constant pKa of the non-solid acid used in the heating step S02 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5.00 or less, more preferably ⁇ 5.00 or more and 4.80 or less, and ⁇ 4.00. It is more preferable to be 4.50 or less. If the acid dissociation constant pKa is within the above range, the effect of the non-solid acid will be particularly large. This makes it possible in particular to increase the yield of cyclic compounds.
- the acid dissociation constant pKa of the non-solid acid is a value for an aqueous solution of each non-solid acid at 25°C. In an acid having two or more acidic hydrogens, the non-solid acid undergoes acid dissociation in stages and has multiple acid dissociation constants pKa. In this case, the lowest acid dissociation constant is used.
- the method for producing a cyclic compound according to this embodiment has the heating step S02.
- the raw material containing the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is subjected to heat treatment in the presence of a non-solid acid. This causes the cyclic carboxylic acid compound to undergo a decarboxylation reaction. As a result, a cyclic compound is obtained.
- the efficiency of the decarboxylation reaction is particularly enhanced by the action of the non-solid acid, and the yield of the cyclic compound can be particularly enhanced.
- the non-solid acid used in the heating step S02 exists as a liquid or gas in the heat treatment, and is uniformly mixed with the cyclic carboxylic acid compound contained in the raw material, so that it can act like a so-called homogeneous catalyst. can. Therefore, the reaction efficiency of the decarboxylation reaction can be easily increased without using subcritical water as in the conventional method. As a result, it is possible to easily reduce the cost of the equipment used for producing the cyclic compound.
- the amount of the non-solid acid added to the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is not particularly limited, but the concentration of the non-solid acid added to the total of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound and the non-solid acid is 0.1 to 10.0 [mol%].
- the amount is preferably 0.4 to 5.0 [mol%], more preferably 0.7 to 3.0 [mol%].
- the cyclic compound obtained through the heating step S02 is a compound in which the carboxyl group of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is removed, as shown in the reaction formula described above.
- the produced cyclic compound is phenol.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, the cyclic compound produced is catechol.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is 4-aminobenzoic acid, the cyclic compound produced is aniline.
- Such cyclic compounds are particularly useful as raw materials for products such as chemical products, fragrances, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals.
- examples of chemical products include materials for electric/electronic parts, materials for synthetic fibers, resin materials, and chemical materials.
- Raw materials include intermediates.
- non-solid acid used in the heating step S02 may contain both an inorganic acid and an organic acid.
- the inorganic acid and the organic acid may exist in the reactor simultaneously or separately.
- the heat treatment may be performed in the presence of a solid acid. That is, in the heating step S02, a non-solid acid and a solid acid may be used together.
- a solid acid is a solid having acid sites on its surface.
- a solid acid has the function of donating a proton to a reactant or accepting an electron pair from a reactant.
- Such solid acids also promote the decarboxylation reaction of cyclic carboxylic acid compounds, like non-solid acids.
- the non-solid acid and the solid acid may exist in the reactor at the same time or may exist separately.
- solid acids examples include zeolites, clay minerals, cation exchange resins, activated carbon, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal salts, composite oxides, heteropolyacids, hydrated oxides, oxyacid-supported metal oxides, and the like. and one or more of these may be used in combination.
- zeolite is preferably used as the solid acid.
- a zeolite is a material composed of an aluminum-silicon-containing composite oxide and containing a large number of pores.
- the aluminum/silicon-containing composite oxide refers to a substance in which aluminum oxide and silicon oxide are chemically combined. Zeolite is useful as a solid acid because of its excellent durability and ease of reuse.
- the aluminum/silicon-containing composite oxide is represented by the following general formula (1).
- Me is an X-valent cation present in the pores of the zeolite.
- m is called SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio (silica-alumina ratio) and takes a value of 2 or more.
- n represents the amount of adsorbed water.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of the zeolite is preferably 7-500, more preferably 7-50, still more preferably 10-45, and particularly preferably 15-43. .
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of zeolite is the ratio of the molar amount of SiO 2 to the molar amount of Al 2 O 3 in the zeolite, and represents the acid strength and acid amount when the zeolite behaves as a solid acid. is an indicator.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio is within the above range, the efficiency of the decarboxylation reaction can be particularly enhanced by the action of the solid acid, and the yield of the cyclic compound can be particularly enhanced.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio can be determined by, for example, fluorescent X-ray analysis.
- the acid amount of the zeolite contained in the solid acid by the NH 3 -TPD method is preferably 0.1 to 2.5 [mmol/g], more preferably 0.4 to 2.2 [mmol/g]. More preferably, it is 0.8 to 1.9 [mmol/g].
- the acidity of the zeolite determined by the NH 3 -TPD method determines the performance of the solid acid. Specifically, the higher the acid content, the better the performance of the solid acid and the higher the yield of the cyclic compound. Further, when the acid amount of the zeolite by the NH 3 -TPD method is within the above range, the purity of the cyclic compound can be increased, so that, for example, coloring of the cyclic compound can be suppressed.
- the quality of the products can be improved. In other words, the quality of the cyclic compound can be enhanced.
- the NH 3 -TPD method is an evaluation method in which NH 3 gas is adsorbed on a sample to be measured, and the desorbed NH 3 gas is measured by continuously raising the temperature.
- the above-described acid amount is a value measured by the NH 3 -TPD method according to "Solid acid property measurement by ammonia temperature programmed desorption method, Solid acid, vol.42, p.218 (2000)".
- the acid content of zeolite by the NH 3 -TPD method is measured as follows.
- 0.4 g of the sample is allowed to stand under vacuum at 500°C for 1 hour, and this is used as a pretreatment.
- a mixed gas containing 10% by volume of ammonia and 90% by volume of helium is passed through the sample after pretreatment for 1 hour at room temperature to allow saturated adsorption of ammonia to the sample.
- the sample is heated to 100° C. while circulating helium gas instead of the mixed gas.
- the chamber is evacuated at 100° C. for 5 minutes to remove ammonia remaining in the atmosphere.
- the temperature is raised to 700° C. at a rate of 10° C./min while helium gas is circulated at a flow rate of 60 mL/min.
- a TCD detector is then used to measure the amount of ammonia measured during the heating process. From the measured amount of ammonia, the amount of adsorbed ammonia per unit mass of the sample is calculated, and this is defined as the amount of acid (mmol/g).
- the aluminum/silicon-containing composite oxide has crystallinity.
- the aluminum/silicon-containing composite oxide often contains regularly arranged pores derived from its crystal structure.
- Zeolites contained in the solid acid include, for example, LTA zeolite, FER zeolite, MWW zeolite, MFI zeolite, MOR zeolite, LTL zeolite, FAU zeolite, and BEA zeolite.
- the solid acid preferably contains at least one of FER zeolite, MFI zeolite, BEA zeolite and MOR zeolite, and at least one of MFI zeolite, BEA zeolite and MOR zeolite. It is more preferred to contain seeds.
- a zeolite having such a skeleton structure has a structure in which pores having diameters appropriate to the molecular size of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound are distributed. That is, a zeolite having such a skeleton structure has pores with a diameter (pore diameter) that allows the cyclic carboxylic acid compound to easily enter, and has a structure with a sufficiently large number of pores. Therefore, the solid acid containing this zeolite greatly contributes to the promotion of the decarboxylation reaction, and can particularly increase the yield of the cyclic compound. Also, these structure codes include one or more crystal forms.
- Crystal forms of LTA-type zeolite include, for example, A-type. Crystal forms of FER-type zeolite include, for example, ferrierite-type. Crystal forms of MWW-type zeolite include, for example, MCM-22 type. Crystal forms of MFI-type zeolite include, for example, ZSM-5 type. Crystal forms of MOR-type zeolite include, for example, mordenite type. Crystal forms of LTL-type zeolite include, for example, L-type. Crystal forms of FAU-type zeolite include, for example, X-type, Y-type, and faujasite-type. Crystal forms of BEA-type zeolite include, for example, beta-type.
- the zeolite contained in the solid acid preferably contains at least one crystal form of ferrierite type, ZSM-5 type, beta type and mordenite type.
- ZSM-5 type, beta type and mordenite type More preferably, it contains at least one crystalline form of
- a zeolite containing such a crystalline form particularly enhances the performance of a solid acid, so it has an excellent effect of producing a highly pure cyclic compound, and can suppress coloring of the cyclic compound, for example.
- a zeolite containing such a crystalline form particularly enhances the performance of a solid acid, so it has an excellent effect of producing a highly pure cyclic compound, and can suppress coloring of the cyclic compound, for example.
- the pore diameter of the zeolite is optimized with respect to the molecular size of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. 0 nm or less, and more preferably 0.5 nm or more and 0.8 nm or less. If the pore diameter is within the above range, the molecules of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound can easily enter the pores. Therefore, the decarboxylation reaction occurring in the pores is particularly promoted, and the yield of the cyclic compound can be particularly increased.
- the pore diameter is below the above lower limit, the molecules of some types of cyclic carboxylic acid compounds may be difficult to enter the pores, which may hinder the acceleration of the decarboxylation reaction by the solid acid.
- the pore diameter exceeds the upper limit, even molecules that are bulkier and larger than the cyclic carboxylic acid compound can pass through the pores, which may reduce the chances of promoting the decarboxylation reaction.
- the zeolite has a plurality of pores with different pore diameters, at least one pore diameter should be within the above range.
- the pore diameter can be measured by, for example, a nitrogen adsorption method.
- Cations compensate for the negative charge in the zeolite framework structure.
- Examples of cations include hydrogen ions, potassium ions, sodium ions, and ammonium ions.
- the zeolites preferably contain hydrogen, potassium, sodium, ammonium, and the like.
- the cation may be an organic cation (template).
- the zeolite preferably contains hydrogen.
- Hydrogen-containing zeolites behave particularly well as solid acids and can particularly increase the yield of cyclic compounds.
- the purity of the cyclic compound can be easily increased, so that, for example, coloring of the cyclic compound can be suppressed.
- the content of zeolite in the solid acid is preferably 60% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less. As a result, zeolite is predominantly present in the solid acid, so that the effects of zeolite are fully exhibited.
- Various additives such as binders, molding aids, and water-soluble sodium salts may be added to the solid acid in addition to zeolite.
- binders include clay, silica sol, and alumina.
- Molding aids include, for example, cellulose, alcohol, lignin, starch, guar gum and the like.
- water-soluble sodium salts examples include inorganic acid sodium salts such as sodium phosphate, sodium silicate, and sodium aluminate; acid sodium salt, and the like.
- the form of the solid acid is not particularly limited, and is, for example, in the form of powder, granules, molding, and the like.
- a solid acid shaped to a certain size is preferably used as the solid acid for the fixed bed reactor.
- the shape of the molded solid acid includes, for example, a spherical shape, a tablet shape, a pellet shape, a ring shape, a honeycomb shape, etc., and is appropriately selected depending on the flow rate and pressure.
- solid acids of different forms may be used in combination.
- the average particle size of the powdery or granular solid acid is preferably about 1-500 ⁇ m, more preferably about 2-300 ⁇ m. When the average particle size of the solid acid is within the above range, the specific surface area of the solid acid is sufficiently increased, and the handleability of the solid acid is relatively good.
- the average particle size of the solid acid is a value obtained by averaging the particle sizes of 10 or more solid acids when the solid acid is observed under a microscope.
- the amount of the solid acid added to the raw material is not particularly limited, but it is preferably an amount such that the solid acid is 0.01 to 1.5 mol, 0.10 to 1.0 mol, per 1.0 mol of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. It is more preferable that the amount is 0.0 mol. Thereby, a necessary and sufficient amount of solid acid acts on the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. As a result, it is possible to sufficiently increase the yield of the cyclic compound, and to suppress the adverse effects associated with an excessive amount of solid acid, such as a decrease in the separability of the cyclic compound.
- W/F is preferably 0.01 to 10000 [g h/mol], more preferably 0.1 to 1000 [g h/mol]. more preferred.
- W is the mass (g) of the solid acid filled in the reaction tube
- F is the flow rate (mol/h) of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound that flows through the layer filled with the solid acid. Therefore, W/F is the ratio of the mass of the filled solid acid to the flow rate of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound flowing in the reaction tube.
- the specific surface area of the zeolite is preferably 100 to 1000 [m 2 /g], more preferably 200 to 600 [m 2 /g]. If the specific surface area of the zeolite is within the above range, it means that the zeolite has pores with a sufficient density. Therefore, the yield of cyclic compounds can be particularly increased.
- the specific surface area of zeolite is measured, for example, by the BET method.
- a third embodiment of the cyclic compound of the present invention and the method for producing the cyclic compound of the present invention will be described.
- the third embodiment of the cyclic compound of the present invention and the method for producing the cyclic compound of the present invention will be described.
- the explanation is omitted.
- Method for producing cyclic compound In the method for producing a cyclic compound according to the present embodiment, a raw material containing a biomass-derived cyclic carboxylic acid compound is subjected to a heat treatment to cause a decarboxylation reaction in the cyclic carboxylic acid compound, thereby producing a cyclic compound. has at least the step of obtaining
- an embodiment having a raw material preparation step S01 and a heating step S02, which are optional steps, will be described.
- Raw material preparation step S01 In the raw material preparation step S01, a raw material containing a biomass-derived cyclic carboxylic acid compound is prepared. This step may be performed as necessary, and can be omitted when preparation has been completed.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is the compound described in the first embodiment.
- the raw material containing the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is a raw material derived from biomass.
- Biomass refers to organic resources derived from plants. Specific examples include plant bodies that are stored after being converted into forms such as starch and cellulose, animal bodies that grow by eating plants, and products made by processing plant and animal bodies.
- biomass fossil resources are not consumed in the preparation of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound, so an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration can be suppressed. Therefore, it can contribute to carbon neutrality.
- the raw material may be a mixture of a fossil resource-derived material and a biomass-derived material.
- Carbon in biomass contains as much radiocarbon 14 C as in the environment.
- carbon in fossil resources contains little radioactive carbon 14 C. Therefore, by producing a cyclic compound using a biomass-derived raw material, a cyclic compound containing radioactive carbon 14 C can be produced.
- Such a cyclic compound has the effect of suppressing the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at the time of disposal, and thus can contribute to carbon neutrality.
- a cyclic compound containing radioactive carbon 14 C will be described in detail later.
- the biomass is first pretreated. Thereby, mixed sugars such as oligosaccharides or polysaccharides having glucose units are obtained from the biomass.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid
- obtaining a raw material containing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid from the mixed sugar by the method described in Biotechnology and Bioengineering 76, 376, 2001.
- 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is obtained by fermentation using bacteria or recombinant bacteria using mixed sugars such as glucose as a carbon source.
- Bacteria or recombinant bacteria used for fermentation are not particularly limited.
- crystallization fermentation is performed using microorganisms that can grow in weak acidity near the acid dissociation constant (pKa) at which 4-hydroxybenzoic acid becomes insoluble, and the target 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is obtained by solid-liquid separation.
- pKa acid dissociation constant
- an amine solvent that is immiscible with water is added to an aqueous solution of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the ammonium salt form obtained by fermentation, and the mixture is heated to remove ammonia and produce an amine of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
- a solution may be obtained.
- 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is esterified with an alcohol, the resulting 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ester is purified by distillation, and then hydrolyzed to produce 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
- a raw material containing 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is prepared by fermentation using recombinant bacteria using a mixed sugar such as glucose as a carbon source. get Recombinant bacteria used for fermentation are not particularly limited.
- this step may be a step of preparing biomass-derived raw materials generated by, for example, recycling.
- the raw material containing the cyclic carboxylic acid compound may or may not contain a solvent in addition to the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the raw material does not contain a solvent. If no solvent is used, the reaction rate of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound in the heating step S02 described below can be increased. Moreover, the amount of heat required for heat treatment in the heating step S02 can be reduced. Therefore, the manufacturing efficiency can be particularly enhanced.
- solvent-free refers to a state in which the solvent content is 1% by mass or less of the entire raw material.
- the fluidity of the raw material can be improved, so the handling of the raw material is improved.
- the content of the solvent is more than 1% by mass of the whole raw material, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is preferably 150 or less, and 15 or less. is more preferable.
- solvent examples include water, alcohol, alkylene glycol, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers and the like, and one of these alone or a mixture of two or more of them, or at least one of them and other solvents are used.
- alcohol examples include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, pentanol, and hexanol.
- alkylene glycol examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol and 1,6-hexanediol. etc.
- aromatic hydrocarbons examples include benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, cumene, mesitylene, naphthalene, tetralin, and NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).
- Ethers include, for example, diphenyl ether and dimethyl ether.
- Heating step S02 In the heating step S02, the raw material is subjected to heat treatment. This causes the cyclic carboxylic acid compound to undergo a decarboxylation reaction. As a result, a cyclic compound is obtained.
- the decarboxylation reaction of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound is as described in the first embodiment.
- this step is performed as follows. First, a raw material containing a cyclic carboxylic acid compound is put into a reactor.
- the reactor is not particularly limited as long as it is composed of a material that does not cause denaturation of raw materials. Further, the reactor has a function of adjusting temperature, but may also have a function of adjusting pressure.
- a catalyst may be put in the reactor if necessary.
- catalysts include acids, alkalis, hydrogen, transition metal compounds, and the like. Among these, acid is preferably used. Acids are relatively readily available and can take a variety of forms, and thus tend to increase catalytic efficiency.
- acids examples include solid acids, inorganic acids, and organic acids.
- inorganic acids and organic acids are sometimes referred to as “non-solid acids”.
- solid acids include, for example, zeolites, clay minerals, cation exchange resins, activated carbon, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal salts, composite oxides, heteropolyacids, hydrated oxides, oxyacid-supported metal oxides. and the like, and one or more of these may be used in combination.
- Inorganic acids include, for example, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. One or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- the organic acid includes, for example, various carboxylic acids such as aliphatic carboxylic acids (fatty acids) and derivatives thereof, various sulfonic acids and derivatives thereof, and the like. Used.
- Various carboxylic acids also include monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and tricarboxylic acids.
- Various sulfonic acids include monosulfonic acids, disulfonic acids and trisulfonic acids.
- Derivatives include, for example, esters, amides, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, and the like.
- Aliphatic carboxylic acids include saturated aliphatic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, pivalic acid, caproic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, pyruvic acid.
- Monocarboxylic acids unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, ⁇ -ketoglutaric acid, saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as glutaric acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid and adipic acid; unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid and fumaric acid; and tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid, isocitric acid and aconitic acid. be done.
- unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, ⁇ -
- the amount of the solid acid added to the raw material is not particularly limited, but the amount is such that the solid acid is 0.01 to 1.5 mol per 1.0 mol of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound. is preferred, and an amount of 0.10 to 1.0 mol is more preferred.
- a necessary and sufficient amount of catalyst acts on the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the amount of the non-solid acid added to the raw material is not particularly limited, but the concentration of the non-solid acid added to the total of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound and the non-solid acid is 0.1 to 10.
- the amount is preferably .0 [mol%], more preferably the amount is 0.4 to 5.0 [mol%], and the amount is 0.7 to 3.0 [mol%] is more preferable.
- the melting point of the non-solid acid is preferably 350°C or lower, more preferably 300°C or lower.
- the non-solid acid becomes liquid or gas during the heat treatment, so that the reaction system between the raw material and the non-solid acid becomes more uniform. As a result, the decarboxylation reaction can be particularly accelerated.
- the boiling point of the non-solid acid is preferably 80° C. or higher, more preferably 90° C. or higher and 350° C. or lower, and preferably 100° C. or higher and 250° C. or lower. More preferred. This increases the probability that the non-solid acid will become a gas during heat treatment. As a result, the non-solid acid can act particularly like a homogeneous catalyst and can particularly promote the decarboxylation reaction.
- the boiling point of the non-solid acid is preferably higher than the boiling point of the cyclic compound to be produced.
- the difference obtained by subtracting the boiling point of the cyclic compound from the boiling point of the non-solid acid is preferably greater than 0°C, more preferably 10 to 250°C, and preferably 30 to 200°C. More preferred. If the boiling point difference is within the above range, the separability of the cyclic compound in evaporative separation can be further enhanced. That is, when the cyclic compound is evaporated and recovered as the temperature rises, it is possible to prevent the non-solid acid from evaporating together.
- the catalyst may be put in the reactor first, or the raw material and the catalyst may be put in at the same time.
- the raw material may contain a catalyst together with the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the temperature in the heat treatment slightly varies depending on the presence or absence of a catalyst, it is preferably 150-350°C, more preferably 180-300°C, and still more preferably 200-290°C. By performing the heat treatment at this temperature, the decarboxylation reaction can be promoted more. Thereby, a cyclic compound can be produced efficiently at low cost.
- the heating temperature is less than the above lower limit, the efficiency of the decarboxylation reaction is lowered, so the yield of the cyclic compound may be lowered.
- the heating temperature exceeds the upper limit, the yield hardly increases, but the energy consumption increases, which may increase the production cost.
- the heating temperature may be adjusted according to the melting point of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the heating temperature is preferably higher than the melting point of the cyclic carboxylic acid compound, more preferably 10° C. or more higher than the melting point.
- the heating temperature when heat-treating a raw material containing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is preferably above 214°C and 350°C or less, and is 224°C. More preferably, the temperature is at least 290°C.
- the heating temperature when heat-treating a raw material containing 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid should be above 221° C. and 350° C. or less. It is preferably 231° C. or higher and 290° C. or lower, more preferably.
- the heating temperature when heat-treating a raw material containing 4-aminobenzoic acid is preferably above 187°C and 350°C or less, and is 197°C. More preferably, the temperature is at least 290°C.
- the heating time at such a heating temperature is appropriately set in consideration of the reaction rate of the decarboxylation reaction and other reaction conditions. Minutes or more and 12 hours or less are more preferable, and 30 minutes or more and 6 hours or less are even more preferable.
- the pressure inside the reactor in the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and may be atmospheric pressure, below atmospheric pressure, or above atmospheric pressure. Normal pressure means 86 kPa or more and 106 kPa or less. If the pressure is normal pressure, the pressure resistance of the reactor can be lowered, so the size of the reactor can be easily increased.
- the pressure inside the reactor is less than normal pressure, the volatility of the cyclic compound obtained after the decarboxylation reaction can be increased. Thereby, by condensing the volatilized cyclic compound, it is possible to purify the cyclic compound and produce a cyclic compound of higher purity.
- the specific pressure is preferably 0.01 atmosphere (1 kPa) or more and less than normal pressure, more preferably 0.1 atmosphere or more and less than 0.7 atmosphere (71 kPa). If the pressure in the heat treatment is less than the above lower limit, the cyclic carboxylic acid compound contained in the raw material also becomes highly volatile, which may reduce the yield.
- the pressure inside the reactor exceeds normal pressure, the temperature inside the reactor can be raised to the boiling point of the solvent or higher. This makes the decarboxylation reaction more pronounced. As a result, the yield of the cyclic compound can be further increased.
- the specific pressure is preferably above normal pressure and 40 MPa or less, more preferably 200 kPa or more and 10 MPa or less. As a result, it is not necessary to increase the pressure resistance performance of the reactor more than necessary, which facilitates cost reduction.
- the atmosphere in the reactor is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an air atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, or the like.
- an inert gas atmosphere may be selected to suppress side reactions such as oxidation of cyclic compounds.
- inert gases include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, and the like.
- the reactor may be a batch reactor, a semi-batch reactor, a continuous reactor, or a flow reactor.
- the reaction mode is preferably a fixed bed type, a moving bed type, or a fluidized bed type.
- the fixed bed type is particularly preferable because the structure of the reactor is not complicated and the construction cost is relatively low.
- heating it is possible to use a tubular heating furnace that heats from the outside.
- the reactor may have a structure that can seal the raw material, or may have a structure that does not seal the raw material.
- an operation of refluxing the reactor may be performed. Thereby, the yield and purity of the cyclic compound can be increased.
- a step of separating the cyclic compound or a step of purifying the cyclic compound may be provided as necessary.
- cyclic compound The cyclic compound according to the present embodiment is obtained by the production method as described above.
- the cyclic compound according to the present embodiment is a cyclic compound produced by subjecting a raw material containing a biomass-derived cyclic carboxylic acid compound to heat treatment to cause a decarboxylation reaction in the cyclic carboxylic acid compound.
- the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in all carbon atoms of this cyclic compound is 80 to 100% when the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in circulating carbon in 1950 is 100%.
- the ratio of the main component having a single molecular structure is 90-100 mol %.
- Such a cyclic compound contains a main component having a single molecular structure with high purity, and thus has stable quality. Therefore, a cyclic compound suitable for various uses is obtained.
- a cyclic compound suitable for various uses is obtained.
- the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in all carbon atoms of the cyclic compound is sufficiently high, a cyclic compound that greatly contributes to carbon neutrality can be obtained.
- the quality includes, for example, various physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, solubility, appearance, and coloration.
- the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in all carbon atoms of the cyclic compound is determined, for example, based on the bio-based concentration test standard ASTM D6866-20 stipulated by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). It is calculated from the measured content and the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in the circulating carbon in 1950.
- ASTM D6866-20 stipulated by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). It is calculated from the measured content and the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in the circulating carbon in 1950.
- ASTM D6866-20 stipulated by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). It is calculated from the measured content and the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in the circulating carbon in 1950.
- ASTM D6866-20 stipulated by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). It is calculated from the measured content and the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in the circulating carbon in 1950.
- analysis method B for analysis method B, for example, an analyzer such as accelerator mass spectrometer Pelletron AMS manufactured by NEC Corporation is used.
- the ratio of main components with a single molecular structure is the mole fraction of molecules (main components) with a single structure in a cyclic compound when molecules with different structures are contained in the cyclic compound. That's what I mean.
- the ratio of main components is measured, for example, by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method.
- the main component described above is preferably a biomass-derived aromatic compound.
- Biomass-derived aromatic compounds refer to aromatic compounds in which all of the carbon atoms involved are radiocarbon 14C . Cyclic compounds containing such compounds as main components are particularly useful in various applications such as chemical products, fragrances, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals.
- biomass-derived aromatic compounds include biomass-derived phenols, biomass-derived aromatic amines, biomass-derived aromatic aldehydes, biomass-derived aromatic alcohols, and derivatives thereof. .
- biomass-derived phenols include, in addition to phenol (hydroxybenzene), catechol, resorcinol, benzenediol (dihydroxybenzene) such as hydroquinone, benzenetriol (trihydroxybenzene) such as hydroxylol, phloroglucinol, pyroganols ), o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, 5-isopropyl- 2-methylphenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 4-cyclohexylphenol, 4-phenylphenol, 3-pentadecylphenol, 3-pentadecylphenolmonoene, 3-pentadecylphenoldiene, 3-pentadecylphenoltriene, catechol mono Alkyl ether, hydroquinone monoalkyl ether, methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1-na
- biomass-derived aromatic amines examples include aniline, o-toluidine, p-toluidine, o-anisidine, p-anisidine, 2,6-dimethylaniline, 2,4,6-trimethylaniline, 2,6- diethylaniline, 4-fluoroaniline, 4-chloroaniline, 2-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 4-aminophenol, N-methylaniline and the like.
- biomass-derived aromatic aldehydes include p-anisaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 4- Ethoxybenzaldehyde, 4-butoxybenzaldehyde, 4-t-butoxybenzaldehyde, 4-cyclohexyloxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, 4-(N,N-diethylamino) ) benzaldehyde, 4-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)benzaldehyde, 2-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde, anthracene-9-carbaldehyde, 1-methoxyanthracene-9-carbaldehyde,
- biomass-derived aromatic alcohols examples include benzyl alcohol (phenylmethanol), ⁇ -phenylethyl alcohol (phenylethanol), hydrocinnamyl alcohol (phenylpropanol), phenylbutanol, phenylpentanol, phenylhexanol, and phenyloctanol.
- phenyldecanol phenyldecanol
- salicyl alcohol genticine alcohol
- protocatecyl alcohol cuminyl alcohol
- ⁇ -cumyl alcohol cinnamyl alcohol
- benzhydryl alcohol trityl alcohol
- hydrobenzoin benzopinacol
- phthalyl alcohol isophyl alcohol
- examples include talyl alcohol and terephthalyl alcohol.
- Derivatives include, for example, salts, hydrates, solvates and the like.
- the cyclic compound may contain non-biomass-derived compounds and other components as impurities.
- the method for producing a cyclic compound according to this embodiment has a heating step S02.
- the raw material containing the biomass-derived cyclic carboxylic acid compound is subjected to heat treatment.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid compound undergoes a decarboxylation reaction to obtain a cyclic compound containing radioactive carbon 14 C.
- the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in all carbon atoms of this cyclic compound is 80 to 100% when the concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C in circulating carbon in 1950 is 100%.
- the ratio of the main component having a single molecular structure is 90-100 mol %.
- any step may be added to each of the above embodiments.
- Example 1A a raw material composed of biomass-derived 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was prepared as a cyclic carboxylic acid compound. This raw material was solvent-free and solid at room temperature.
- Examples 2A-15A A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1A, except that the catalyst was changed to one having the properties shown in Table 1.
- Example 16A A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4A, except that 0.3 g of a solvent (diphenyl ether) was added to the starting material.
- a solvent diphenyl ether
- Example 17A A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9A, except that 0.5 g of the solvent (diphenyl ether) was added to the starting material.
- Comparative Examples 1A-4A A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1A, except that the catalyst was changed to one having the properties shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing evaluation criteria for comprehensively evaluating the yield and degree of coloration of the cyclic compounds produced in each example and each comparative example.
- the evaluation criteria shown in FIG. 2 are divided into four grades based on both the yield of the cyclic compound and the degree of coloration. In this evaluation standard, A has the highest comprehensive evaluation, B has the second highest, and D has the lowest.
- the acid amount of the zeolite by the NH 3 -TPD method is within a predetermined range
- Comparative Examples 6A and 7A A reactant containing the cyclic compound catechol was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1A, except that the cyclic carboxylic acid compound was changed to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
- Examples 20A, 21A A reactant containing aniline, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1A, except that the cyclic carboxylic acid compound was changed to 4-aminobenzoic acid.
- Comparative Examples 8A and 9A A reactant containing aniline, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1A, except that the cyclic carboxylic acid compound was changed to 4-aminobenzoic acid.
- Examples 2B-12B A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1B, except that a non-solid acid having the properties shown in Table 4 was used.
- Example 13B A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7B, except that 0.3 g of a solvent (diphenyl ether) was added to the starting material.
- a solvent diphenyl ether
- Example 14B A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8B, except that 0.5 g of the solvent (diphenyl ether) was added to the starting material.
- Comparative Example 1B A reactant containing a cyclic compound, phenol, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1B, except that no non-solid acid was used.
- A The purity of the cyclic compound is particularly high.
- B The purity of the cyclic compound is slightly high.
- C The purity of the cyclic compound is slightly low.
- D The purity of the cyclic compound is particularly low.
- both separability and coloration D The yield is equal to or lower than that of Comparative Example 1B.
- Table 4 shows the above evaluation results.
- Comparative Example 2B A reactant containing catechol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1B, except that the cyclic carboxylic acid compound was changed to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and the heating temperature was changed to 190°C.
- Examples 18B-20B A reactant containing aniline, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 7B to 9B, except that the cyclic carboxylic acid compound was changed to 4-aminobenzoic acid.
- Comparative Example 3B A reactant containing aniline, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1B, except that the cyclic carboxylic acid compound was changed to 4-aminobenzoic acid.
- each example can produce a cyclic compound at a higher yield than each comparative example. did it.
- Example 21B 0.05 g of the reactant obtained in Example 1B and 0.01 g of solid acid were charged into a closed reactor, the initial pressure in the reactor was normal pressure (100 kPa), and the reaction was carried out at 230° C. for 15 minutes. A heat treatment was applied. As a result, a reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained.
- the solid acids shown in Table 7 were used.
- Examples 22B-38B A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 21B, except that the solid acid having the properties shown in Table 7 was used.
- Example 39B A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 21B, except that 0.05 g of the reactant obtained in Example 7B was used. In addition, the thing shown in Table 8 was used for the solid acid.
- Examples 40B-56B A reactant containing phenol, which is a cyclic compound, was obtained in the same manner as in Example 39B, except that a solid acid having properties shown in Table 8 was used.
- Example 1C a raw material containing biomass-derived 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was prepared as a cyclic carboxylic acid compound. This raw material was solvent-free and solid at room temperature.
- the raw material was charged into a closed reactor, and the pressure inside the reactor was adjusted to normal pressure (100 kPa), and heat reflux treatment was performed at 300°C for 1 hour.
- the temperature inside the reactor was set to 180°C, the reflux treatment was stopped, the pressure was reduced to 20 kPa, and cyclic compounds mainly composed of phenol, which is an aromatic compound derived from biomass, were distilled and recovered.
- Example 2C A cyclic compound mainly composed of catechol, which is a biomass-derived aromatic compound, was recovered by distillation in the same manner as in Example 1C, except that the cyclic carboxylic acid compound was changed to biomass-derived 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. bottom.
- Example 3C A cyclic compound mainly composed of aniline, which is a biomass-derived aromatic compound, was distilled and recovered in the same manner as in Example 1C, except that the cyclic carboxylic acid compound was changed to biomass-derived 4-aminobenzoic acid.
- Comparative Example 1C As a cyclic carboxylic acid compound, a commercially available reagent of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derived from fossil resources was prepared. This reagent was solvent-free and solid at room temperature. A cyclic compound mainly composed of phenol, which is an aromatic compound derived from fossil resources, was distilled and recovered in the same manner as in Example 1C, except that this reagent was used as a raw material.
- Comparative Example 2C A phenol reagent commercially available as an aromatic compound derived from fossil resources was prepared and used as the cyclic compound of Comparative Example 2.
- Comparative Example 3C A lignin reagent commercially available as a biomass-derived aromatic compound was prepared and used as the cyclic compound of Comparative Example 3C.
- Lignin is a phenol containing the highest ratio of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol.
- Comparative Example 4C A cashew oil reagent commercially available as a biomass-derived aromatic compound was prepared and used as a cyclic compound of Comparative Example 4C.
- Cashew oil is a phenol containing the highest ratio of 3-pentadecylphenoltriene.
- Table 9 shows the attributes of the raw materials used in the above examples and comparative examples, and the attributes of the cyclic compounds produced from the raw materials.
- Proportion of Main Components For the recovered or prepared cyclic compounds, the ratio of main components was measured by total ion chromatogram obtained by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry shown below. Table 9 shows the measurement results.
- Quality Stability The quality stability of the recovered or prepared cyclic compound was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
- the cyclic compound of each example produced from a raw material containing a biomass-derived cyclic carboxylic acid compound has a sufficiently high concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C and has a single molecular structure.
- the ratio of the main component with was sufficiently high.
- such a cyclic compound was evaluated as having a large contribution to carbon neutrality and stable quality. Therefore, by using such a cyclic compound as a raw material, it is recognized that high added value can be imparted to the product.
- the cyclic compounds of Comparative Examples 1C and 2C were produced using raw materials derived from fossil resources or reagents derived from fossil resources. Therefore, the cyclic compounds of Comparative Examples 1C and 2C had a low concentration of radioactive carbon 14 C and made little contribution to carbon neutrality.
- a high-quality cyclic compound can be produced in a high yield from a cyclic carboxylic acid compound. Moreover, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a cyclic compound that contributes greatly to carbon neutrality and has stable quality is obtained. Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the cyclic compounds described above can be prepared. Therefore, the present invention has industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献2に記載の方法では、加熱処理を高圧下で行うことにより、脱炭酸反応の反応効率を高めている。
また、本発明の別の目的は、カーボンニュートラルへの寄与が大きく、かつ、品質が安定している環式化合物およびその製造方法を提供することにある。
(1) 環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料に対し、触媒下で加熱する加熱処理を施すことにより、前記環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせ、環式化合物を得る工程を有し、
前記触媒は、アルミニウム・ケイ素含有複合酸化物で構成されるゼオライトを含み、
前記ゼオライトのSiO2/Al2O3比が、7~500であることを特徴とする環式化合物の製造方法。
前記非固体酸の酸解離定数pKaは、5.00以下であることを特徴とする環式化合物の製造方法。
全炭素原子中における放射性炭素14Cの濃度は、1950年時点の循環炭素中の放射性炭素14Cの濃度を100%としたとき、80~100%であり、
単一の分子構造を持つ主成分の比率が、90~100モル%であることを特徴とする環式化合物。
前記環式化合物の全炭素原子中における放射性炭素14Cの濃度は、1950年時点の循環炭素中の放射性炭素14Cの濃度を100%としたとき、80~100%であり、
前記環式化合物は、単一の分子構造を持つ主成分の比率が、90~100モル%であることを特徴とする環式化合物の製造方法。
また、本発明の別の実施形態によれば、上記の環式化合物を製造することができる。
図1は、本発明の各実施形態に係る環式化合物の製造方法を説明するための工程図である。
まず、本発明の環式化合物の製造方法の第1実施形態について説明する。
本実施形態に係る環式化合物の製造方法は、環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料に対し、触媒下で加熱する加熱処理を施すことにより、環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせ、環式化合物を得る工程を少なくとも含む。ここでは、一例として、任意の工程である原料調製工程S01と、上述した加熱工程S02と、を有する実施形態について説明する。
原料調製工程S01では、環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料を調製する。この工程は、必要に応じて行えばよく、調製済みである場合には省略可能である。
加熱工程S02では、原料に対し、触媒下で加熱する加熱処理を施す。これにより、環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせる。その結果、環式化合物が得られる。
環式カルボン酸化合物の脱炭酸反応は、以下の式で表される。
まず、環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料を反応器に入れる。反応器は、原料に変性を生じさせない材料で構成されていれば、特に限定されない。また、反応器は、温度を調整する機能を有するが、圧力を調整する機能も有していてもよい。
触媒の構成材料は、ゼオライトを含む。ゼオライトは、アルミニウム・ケイ素含有複合酸化物で構成され、多数の細孔を含む材料である。アルミニウム・ケイ素含有複合酸化物とは、アルミニウム酸化物とケイ素酸化物とが化学的に複合化した物質を指す。
Me2/XO・Al2O3・mSiO2・nH2O (1)
なお、SiO2/Al2O3比は、例えば蛍光X線分析等により求めることができる。
また、これらの構造コードには、1種または2種以上の結晶形が含まれる。
成形助剤としては、例えば、セルロース、アルコール、リグニン、スターチ、グァーガム等が挙げられる。
なお、ゼオライトの比表面積は、例えば、BET法により測定される。
次に、本発明の環式化合物の製造方法の第2実施形態について説明する。
以下、本発明の環式化合物の製造方法の第2実施形態について説明するが、前記第1実施形態と異なる点を中心に説明し、同様の事項についてはその説明を省略する。
加熱工程S02では、原料に対し、非固体酸の存在下で加熱する加熱処理を施す。これにより、環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせる。その結果、環式化合物が得られる。
なお、環式カルボン酸化合物の脱炭酸反応は、前述した第1実施形態で示した通りである。
まず、環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料を反応器に入れる。反応器は、原料に変性を生じさせない材料で構成されていれば、特に限定されない。また、反応器は、温度を調整する機能を有するが、圧力を調整する機能も有していてもよい。
Me2/XO・Al2O3・mSiO2・nH2O (1)
なお、SiO2/Al2O3比は、例えば蛍光X線分析等により求めることができる。
また、これらの構造コードには、1種または2種以上の結晶形が含まれる。
成形助剤としては、例えば、セルロース、アルコール、リグニン、スターチ、グァーガム等が挙げられる。
次に、本発明の環式化合物および本発明の環式化合物の製造方法の第3実施形態について説明する。
以下、本発明の環式化合物および本発明の環式化合物の製造方法の第3実施形態について説明するが、前記第1および第2実施形態と異なる点を中心に説明し、同様の事項についてはその説明を省略する。
(環式化合物の製造方法)
本実施形態に係る環式化合物の製造方法は、バイオマス由来の環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料に対し、加熱処理を施すことにより、環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせ、環式化合物を得る工程を少なくとも有する。ここでは、一例として、任意の工程である原料調製工程S01と、加熱工程S02と、を有する実施形態について説明する。
原料調製工程S01では、バイオマス由来の環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料を調製する。この工程は、必要に応じて行えばよく、調製済みである場合には省略可能である。
なお、環式カルボン酸化合物は、前述した第1実施形態で説明した化合物である。
加熱工程S02では、原料に対し、加熱処理を施す。これにより、環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせる。その結果、環式化合物が得られる。
なお、環式カルボン酸化合物の脱炭酸反応は、前述した第1実施形態で示した通りである。
まず、環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料を反応器に入れる。反応器は、原料に変性を生じさせない材料で構成されていれば、特に限定されない。また、反応器は、温度を調整する機能を有するが、圧力を調整する機能も有していてもよい。
以上のような製造方法により、本実施形態に係る環式化合物が得られる。
なお、環式化合物には、主成分以外に、不純物としての非バイオマス由来の化合物やその他の成分が含まれていてもよい。
3.環式化合物(フェノール)の製造
3.1.実施例1A
まず、環式カルボン酸化合物として、バイオマス由来の4-ヒドロキシ安息香酸からなる原料を用意した。この原料は、無溶媒であり、常温で固体状であった。
表1に示す特性を有する触媒に変更した以外は、実施例1Aと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
原料に0.3gの溶媒(ジフェニルエーテル)を追加した以外は、実施例4Aと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
原料に0.5gの溶媒(ジフェニルエーテル)を追加した以外は、実施例9Aと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
表1に示す特性を有する触媒に変更した以外は、実施例1Aと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
触媒を使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例1Aと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得ることを試みた。
4.1.環式化合物の収率
3.で得られた反応物について、高速液体クロマトグラフ(株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製「LaChrom Elite」、分析用カラム:ジーエルサイエンス株式会社製「Inertsil ODS-4」)で分析を行った。次に、仕込みの環式カルボン酸化合物のモル量、および、生成した環式化合物のモル量を算出した。そして、以下の式に基づいて、環式化合物の収率を算出した。
算出結果を表1に示す。
3.で得られた反応物について、着色を目視することにより、環式化合物の着色の程度を観察した。そして、観察結果を以下の評価基準に照らして評価した。
B:着色が少ない
C:着色がやや多い(Bより多く、Dより少ない)
D:一部で着色が多い
E:全体で着色が多い
以下の評価結果を表1に示す。
上述した収率および着色について、図2に示す評価基準に照らして総合評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
5.1.実施例18A、19A
環式カルボン酸化合物を3,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸に変更した以外は、実施例1Aと同様にして環式化合物であるカテコールを含む反応物を得た。
環式カルボン酸化合物を3,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸に変更した以外は、比較例1Aと同様にして環式化合物であるカテコールを含む反応物を得た。
環式カルボン酸化合物を4-アミノ安息香酸に変更した以外は、実施例1Aと同様にして環式化合物であるアニリンを含む反応物を得た。
環式カルボン酸化合物を4-アミノ安息香酸に変更した以外は、比較例1Aと同様にして環式化合物であるアニリンを含む反応物を得た。
6.1.環式化合物の収率
5.で得られた反応物について、4.と同様にして、環式化合物の収率を算出した。算出結果を表2および表3に示す。
5.で得られた反応物について、4.と同様にして、環式化合物の着色を評価した。評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
上述した収率および着色について、4.と同様にして総合評価を行った。評価結果を表2および表3に示す。
7.1.実施例1B
まず、環式カルボン酸化合物として、バイオマス由来の4-ヒドロキシ安息香酸を含む原料を用意した。この原料は、無溶媒であり、常温で固体状であった。
表4に示す特性を有する非固体酸に変更した以外は、実施例1Bと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
原料に0.3gの溶媒(ジフェニルエーテル)を追加した以外は、実施例7Bと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
原料に0.5gの溶媒(ジフェニルエーテル)を追加した以外は、実施例8Bと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
非固体酸を使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例1Bと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
8.1.環式化合物の収率
7.で得られた反応物について、高速液体クロマトグラフ(株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製「LaChrom Elite」、分析用カラム:ジーエルサイエンス株式会社製「Inertsil ODS-4」)で分析を行った。次に、仕込みの環式カルボン酸化合物のモル量、および、生成した環式化合物のモル量を算出した。そして、以下の式に基づいて、環式化合物の収率を算出した。
算出結果を表4に示す。
7.で得られた反応物について、環式化合物(フェノール)の純度を測定した。そして、測定結果を以下の評価基準に照らすことにより、環式化合物の分離性を評価した。
B:環式化合物の純度がやや高い
C:環式化合物の純度がやや低い
D:環式化合物の純度が特に低い
以上の評価結果を表4に示す。
7.で得られた反応物について、着色を目視することにより、環式化合物の着色の程度を観察した。そして、観察結果を以下の評価基準に照らして評価した。
B:着色が少ない
C:着色がやや多い(Bより多く、Dより少ない)
D:一部で着色が多い
E:全体で着色が多い
以上の評価結果を表4に示す。
上述した収率、分離性および着色について、以下の評価基準に照らして総合評価を行った。評価結果を表4に示す。
B:収率が比較例1Bよりも高く(差が2%以上)、かつ、分離性または着色の一方がC評価であり、他方がB評価以上である
C:収率が比較例1Bよりも高く(差が2%未満)、かつ、分離性および着色の双方がC評価以上である
D:収率が比較例1Bと同じかそれ以下である
以上の評価結果を表4に示す。
9.1.実施例15B~17B
環式カルボン酸化合物を3,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸に変更するとともに、加熱温度を190℃とした以外は、実施例1B~3Bと同様にして環式化合物であるカテコールを含む反応物を得た。
環式カルボン酸化合物を3,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸に変更するとともに、加熱温度を190℃とした以外は、比較例1Bと同様にして環式化合物であるカテコールを含む反応物を得た。
環式カルボン酸化合物を4-アミノ安息香酸に変更した以外は、実施例7B~9Bと同様にして環式化合物であるアニリンを含む反応物を得た。
環式カルボン酸化合物を4-アミノ安息香酸に変更した以外は、比較例1Bと同様にして環式化合物であるアニリンを含む反応物を得た。
10.1.環式化合物の収率
9.で得られた反応物について、8.と同様にして、環式化合物の収率を算出した。算出結果を表5および表6に示す。
9.で得られた反応物について、8.と同様にして、環式化合物の純度を測定し、それに基づいて分離性を評価した。評価結果を表5および表6に示す。
9.で得られた反応物について、8.と同様にして、環式化合物の着色を評価した。評価結果を表5および表6に示す。
上述した収率、分離性および着色の程度について、8.と同様にして総合評価を行った。評価結果を表5および表6に示す。なお、総合評価の評価基準には、8.で使用した評価基準中の比較例1Bを比較例2B、3Bに置き換えたものを用いた。
11.1.実施例21B
実施例1Bで得た反応物0.05gと、固体酸0.01gと、を密閉式の反応器に仕込み、反応器内の初期の圧力を常圧(100kPa)とし、230℃で15分間の加熱処理を施した。これにより、環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。なお、固体酸には、表7に示すものを使用した。
表7に示す特性を有する固体酸に変更した以外は、実施例21Bと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
実施例7Bで得た反応物0.05gを用いるようにした以外は、実施例21Bと同様にして、環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。なお、固体酸には、表8に示すものを使用した。
表8に示す特性を有する固体酸に変更した以外は、実施例39Bと同様にして環式化合物であるフェノールを含む反応物を得た。
11.で得られた反応物について、8.と同様にして、環式化合物の収率を算出した。算出結果を表7および表8に示す。
13.1.実施例1C
まず、環式カルボン酸化合物として、バイオマス由来の4-ヒドロキシ安息香酸を含む原料を用意した。この原料は、無溶媒であり、常温で固体状であった。
環式カルボン酸化合物をバイオマス由来の3,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸に変更した以外は、実施例1Cと同様にして、バイオマス由来の芳香族化合物であるカテコールを主成分とする環式化合物を蒸留回収した。
環式カルボン酸化合物をバイオマス由来の4-アミノ安息香酸に変更した以外は、実施例1Cと同様にして、バイオマス由来の芳香族化合物であるアニリンを主成分とする環式化合物を蒸留回収した。
環式カルボン酸化合物として、化石資源由来の4-ヒドロキシ安息香酸の市販されている試薬を用意した。この試薬は、無溶媒であり、常温で固体状であった。この試薬を原料として用いるようにした以外は、実施例1Cと同様にして、化石資源由来の芳香族化合物であるフェノールを主成分とする環式化合物を蒸留回収した。
化石資源由来の芳香族化合物として市販されているフェノールの試薬を用意し、これを比較例2の環式化合物とした。
バイオマス由来の芳香族化合物として市販されているリグニンの試薬を用意し、これを比較例3Cの環式化合物とした。なお、リグニンは、2,6-ジメトキシフェノールを最も高い比率で含むフェノール類である。
バイオマス由来の芳香族化合物として市販されているカシューオイルの試薬を用意し、これを比較例4Cの環式化合物とした。なお、カシューオイルは、3-ペンタデシルフェノールトリエンを最も高い比率で含むフェノール類である。
14.1.放射性炭素14Cの濃度
回収または用意した環式化合物について、米国試験材料協会(ASTM)が定めるバイオベース濃度試験規格ASTM D6866-20に基づき、全炭素原子中における放射性炭素14Cの含有量を測定した。そして、その測定結果と、1950年時点の循環炭素中の放射性炭素14Cの濃度とから、回収または用意した環式化合物の1950年時点の循環炭素中の放射性炭素14Cの濃度を100%としたときの全炭素原子中における放射性炭素14Cの濃度を算出した。算出結果を表9に示す。
回収または用意した環式化合物について、以下に示す熱分解ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析により得られたトータルイオンクロマトグラムにより、主成分の比率を測定した。測定結果を表9に示す。
熱分解装置:フロンティア・ラボ社製、PY-2020D
GC:アジレント・テクノロジー社製、HP6890
MS:アジレント・テクノロジー社製、HP5973
熱分解温度:500℃
GCオーブン温度:40℃(2分間保持)→20℃/分→320℃(5分間保持)
MSインターフェイス温度:300℃
カラム:キャピラリカラムUltra ALLOY-5(長さ30m、内径0.25mm、膜厚0.25μm)
注入方法:スプリット法(スプリット比50:1)
注入口温度:300℃
キャリアガス:He
キャリアガス流量:1.2mL/分
MSイオン化方法:EI(電子衝撃)法
MS検出質量範囲:m/z=29~550
回収または用意した環式化合物について、カーボンニュートラルへの寄与の程度を、以下の評価基準に照らして評価した。
B:カーボンニュートラルへの寄与が小さい
評価結果を表9に示す。
回収または用意した環式化合物について、品質の安定性を、以下の評価基準に照らして評価した。
B:品質が不安定である
評価結果を表9に示す。
S02 加熱工程
Claims (20)
- 環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料に対し、触媒下で加熱する加熱処理を施すことにより、前記環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせ、環式化合物を得る工程を有し、
前記触媒は、アルミニウム・ケイ素含有複合酸化物で構成されるゼオライトを含み、
前記ゼオライトのSiO2/Al2O3比が、7~500であることを特徴とする環式化合物の製造方法。 - 前記ゼオライトのNH3-TPD法による酸量は、0.1~2.5[mmol/g]である請求項1に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記触媒は、FER型ゼオライト、MFI型ゼオライト、BEA型ゼオライトおよびMOR型ゼオライトのうちの少なくとも1種を含む請求項1または2に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記ゼオライトの細孔径は、0.4nm以上1.5nm以下である請求項1または2に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記ゼオライトは、水素を含む請求項1または2に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料に対し、非固体酸の存在下で加熱する加熱処理を施すことにより、前記環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせ、環式化合物を得る工程を有し、
前記非固体酸の酸解離定数pKaは、5.00以下であることを特徴とする環式化合物の製造方法。 - 前記非固体酸は、無機酸を含む請求項6に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記非固体酸は、有機酸を含む請求項6または7に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記有機酸は、脂肪族カルボン酸またはその誘導体である請求項8に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記加熱処理をさらに固体酸の存在下で行う請求項6に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記加熱処理の温度は、150~350℃である請求項6または7に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記原料は、溶媒を含まない請求項1または6に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記環式カルボン酸化合物は、4-ヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、4-アミノ安息香酸、または、シキミ酸である請求項1または6に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- 前記原料は、バイオマス由来である請求項1または6に記載の環式化合物の製造方法。
- バイオマス由来の環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料に対し、加熱処理が施されることにより、前記環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせて製造された環式化合物であって、
全炭素原子中における放射性炭素14Cの濃度は、1950年時点の循環炭素中の放射性炭素14Cの濃度を100%としたとき、80~100%であり、
単一の分子構造を持つ主成分の比率が、90~100モル%であることを特徴とする環式化合物。 - 前記主成分は、バイオマス由来の芳香族化合物である請求項15に記載の環式化合物。
- 前記加熱処理の温度は、150~350℃である請求項15または16に記載の環式化合物。
- 前記原料は、溶媒を含まない請求項15または16に記載の環式化合物。
- 前記環式カルボン酸化合物は、4-ヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、4-アミノ安息香酸、または、シキミ酸である請求項15または16に記載の環式化合物。
- バイオマス由来の環式カルボン酸化合物を含む原料に対し、加熱処理を施すことにより、前記環式カルボン酸化合物に脱炭酸反応を生じさせ、環式化合物を得る工程を有し、
前記環式化合物の全炭素原子中における放射性炭素14Cの濃度は、1950年時点の循環炭素中の放射性炭素14Cの濃度を100%としたとき、80~100%であり、
前記環式化合物は、単一の分子構造を持つ主成分の比率が、90~100モル%であることを特徴とする環式化合物の製造方法。
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