WO2023066418A1

WO2023066418A1 - Hoeing or mulching device

Info

Publication number: WO2023066418A1
Application number: PCT/DE2022/100658
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jörg Hillmann
Original assignee: Hillmann Joerg
Priority date: 2021-10-19
Filing date: 2022-09-06
Publication date: 2023-04-27
Also published as: DE102021127013A1; DE112022005017A5; EP4419260A1; DE102021127013B4

Abstract

There is provided a hoeing or mulching device made up of a drum (1) having a plurality of one- or multi-part beating tools (4; 5; 6) which are arranged on holding pins (3) on an outside radius axially parallel to an axis of rotation (2) of the drum (1) and of which in each case at least one beating tool (4; 5) is pivotable about its holding pin (3), said hoeing or mulching device having only the advantages of fixed tools and eliminating the drawbacks of tools that are able to oscillate, wherein breakage protection means to be replaced following overloading are not used, this being achieved in that the holding pins (3) are arranged ahead, in the direction of rotation of the drum (1), of the centres of gravity (S) of the movable beating tools (4; 5) and at smaller rotation radii (r_H) than the rotation radii (r_S) of the centres of gravity (S) about the axis of rotation (2) of the drum (1), and in that the pivoting movement, caused by centrifugal force, of the movable beating tools (4; 5) about their holding pins (3) in the direction of rotation of the drum (1) is blocked by stops (8; 9; 10).

Description

Chopping or mulching device

The invention relates to a chopping or mulching device according to the preamble of the first patent claim.

A rotor of a shredding machine is known, DE 10 2009 034457 B4, which has a drum made up of several rotor disks, with several one-part or multi-part impact tools arranged on holding axles on an outer radius axis-parallel to an axis of rotation of the drum, these being either fixed or around the holding axles are designed to pivot around.

The advantages of fixed impact tools are usually that they are fixed between two holding axles and can thus achieve a very high impact force, since the entire mass of the drum is used to shred the material to be shredded. Furthermore, a defined cut is possible because a deflector is arranged in front of the actual striking tool. The disadvantage, however, is that their high weight makes assembly difficult and that such fixed impact tools are very sensitive to foreign material and other impurities that they cannot avoid, so that this often leads to a complete emergency stop of a hacking or mulching process and even to the destruction of individual tools comes, which is why complex breakage protection is often installed. There is therefore a high risk of damage and thus also a considerable financial risk. However, freely pivotable tools do not have this disadvantage, since they can avoid such foreign material and extraneous matter against the direction of drum rotation and are therefore insensitive to extraneous matter. However, they have the disadvantage that their impact power is considerably lower, since they can essentially use their own mass and only partially the energy of a drum. In addition, the quality of the output material is poor, since there are no deflectors in front of the striking tools to precisely define a cut. The object of the invention is to provide a chopping or mulching device that has only the advantages of the fixed tool and eliminates the disadvantages of an oscillating tool. It should be possible to dispense with the use of breakage protection devices that have to be replaced after overloading.

The solution to this problem arises in connection with the features of the preamble of the first claim according to the invention together with the technical features of its characterizing part in that the holding axes of the impact tools in the direction of rotation of the drum in front of the centers of gravity S of the movable impact tools and on smaller radii of rotation TH than from the radii of rotation rs of the centers of gravity S are arranged around the axis of rotation of the drum and that the centrifugal force-induced pivoting movement of the movable impact tools in the direction of rotation of the drum about their holding axes is blocked by stops.

The rotation of the drum about its axis of rotation leads to a centrifugal force in the center of gravity S of the pivotable impact tool, which without such a blockage would move the center of gravity S to a radial line from the axis of rotation of the drum through the pivot axis of the impact tool. However, since the stop prevents such a compensating movement, a torque arises in the direction of rotation of the drum about the holding axis, or a "centrifugal pretension" which is supported by the drum-fixed stop or the stop of the fixed part of the percussion tool. This has the advantage that a tool that can otherwise oscillate freely now acts as a kind of stationary tool in the working direction and has a higher impact force against the material to be shredded than a normal freely oscillating tool and which only swings out backwards against the working direction of rotation in the event of an overload can, but then immediately pivoted back into its optimal working position. Another advantage is that with such a pivotable tool, the entire center of gravity of the pivotable impact tool is shifted backwards against the direction of rotation with increasing wear of a fly cutter, so that the torque with which the impact tool is pressed against the stop increases further. This compensates for the reduced cutting performance due to the worn blade and extends the service life of the chopping or mulching device, which also means that it works more economically. This inventive solution also applies to flail mowers whose one-piece impact tools are designed as flails, the pivoting movements of which are limited in the main direction of rotation of the flail mower by stops, with the flails pivoting backwards about their pivot axes against the main direction of rotation and being able to submerge when overloaded.

The inventive device thus works without mechanical breakage protection, such as shear bolts, and therefore requires no further maintenance. Since there is no delay when pivoting a pivotable tool back, there is no consequential damage to the inventive device.

Further advantageous configurations of the subject matter of the invention result with and in combination from the following dependent claims.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the stops are arranged directly on the drum, so that a tool that is stationary in the working direction is produced in a very simple manner from a striking tool that can vibrate freely.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the stops are arranged on fixed parts of multi-part percussion tools, so that a drum itself does not have to be further processed, which means that its field of application is not restricted but significantly expanded, since fixed, freely oscillating or partially oscillating percussion tools can be used in it can become.

However, an embodiment of the inventive rotor of a shredding machine is particularly advantageous, in which the stops are also designed to be adjustable, so that the striking tools can be set at different angles of attack in or against the direction of rotation of the drum, for example in order to optimally adjust the striking tools to the materials to be shredded to be able to

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the stops are equipped with adjustable stop screws, which are opposite to the pivoting direction of the Support the impact tools on it and increase or decrease the effective working angle of the impact tool's impact knife depending on the direction of rotation. However, such an adjustability can also be formed by eccentrically mounted stops that can be rotated accordingly, or by interchangeable stops in different embodiments or by attachments of different sizes on fixed stops, so that a large number of the most varied possible variations can be used alternatively or together .

Furthermore, an embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the stationary impact tool is equipped with exchangeable baffle plates that differ in size, thickness and/or angle of attack, so that the entire chopping or mulching device can be further optimally adjusted to the material to be shredded. By using different impact plates, the anticipation of an impact tool and thus the grain size of the output material can be actively influenced without having to change the fixed impact tool. In addition, the two assemblies percussion tool and baffle plate can be replaced separately from each other, which are welded together in known designs.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the drum consists of several rotor discs and the holding axles consist of beater rods inserted through the rotor discs, with a preferred hammer tool being composed of a fixed striking tool and a striking tool which can be pivoted in relation thereto, and the fixed striking tool is located on two adjacent holding axles of the drum supports. This greatly simplifies the assembly of the impact tools on a hoeing or mulching device, since the total weight of an impact tool is divided into two parts, making them much easier and safer to handle.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of such a fixed percussion tool, it consists of two spaced plates which are connected to one another by a cylindrical component which either directly forms the stop for a pivotable percussion tool or which has a thread for a screw, the end of which then has the Represents stop for the pivotable impact tool. Here, in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, plates which are equipped on one side with receiving mouths for holding axles and on the opposite side with closed recesses for further holding axles result in an advantageous embodiment with outer supports guided around the closed recesses, which can be freely mounted on receiving bushes of the drum can be placed without a holding axle or beater rod having to be inserted through the rotor discs or the drum immediately, just as the swiveling tool can be equipped with its own lateral supports, which can be placed on inwardly directed receiving bushes of the two plates of the stationary tool, so that the assembly is made much easier.

Some exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:

1 shows a schematic diagram of a percussion tool that can swing freely and a percussion tool that is blocked by a stop fixed to the drum,

2 shows a basic sketch of an impact tool composed of a fixed and a pivotable impact tool with an adjustable stop,

3 shows a three-dimensional view of a fixed part of a multi-part striking tool,

FIG. 4 shows the pivotable percussion tool associated with FIG. 3 in a three-dimensional view, and FIG

Figure 5 is a side view of the assembled impact tools of Figures 3 and 4.

The hacking or mulching device consists of a drum 1, which can also be composed of several rotor disks, with several one-part or multi-part impact tools 4 arranged on an outer radius rn axially parallel to an axis of rotation 2 of the drum 1 on holding axles 3; 5; 6, of which at least one impact tool 4; 5 can be pivoted about its holding axis 3. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the holding axles 3 are in the direction of rotation of the drum 1 in front of the centers of gravity S of the movable striking tools 4; 5 and arranged on smaller radii of rotation rnthan the radius of rotation rs of the centers of gravity S around the axis of rotation 2 of the drum 1, so that when the drum 1 rotates due to centrifugal force, a pivoting movement of the movable percussion tools 4; 5 is generated in the direction of rotation of the drum 1 about the holding axles 3, but by the stops 8; 9; 10 is blocked, whereby the per se freely vibrating impact tools are kept pretensioned in the working direction at an optimal cutting angle, whereby the possible impact force is significantly increased, but the impact tool can still avoid foreign matter and then be supported again on the stop.

Fig. 1 shows such a one-piece striking tool 4 on the right, which is supported against a stop 8, whereas on the left-hand side in Fig. 1, for the sake of explanation, a one-piece striking tool 4 is shown, which oscillates freely and, when its center of gravity is aligned, in a radial alignment between the axis of rotation 2 and the holding axis 3 would have too low a cutting angle of 100°, whereas an optimal cutting angle is in the range of 135°.

Fig. 2, on the other hand, shows a two-part striking tool consisting of a fixed part of the striking tool 6 and a striking tool 5 that can be moved relative to it, with the fixed striking tool 6 being arranged between two holding axles 3 and being pushed onto such a holding axle 3 with a jaw receptacle 16 on one side and on the opposite side has a recess 18 through which a holding axle 3 is passed, which forms the pivot axis for the pivotable impact tool 5 at the same time. Here, too, the rotation of the drum 1 causes a centrifugal force Fs to be generated by the mass assumed at the center of gravity S and the circular acceleration, which generates a moment about the lever arm h about the holding axis 3 directed in the direction of rotation of the drum 1, which is here from the stop 10 a Stop screw 11 is supported on the fixed percussion tool 6, the stop screw 11 can be twisted into a transverse bolt, so that the impact angle of the fly knife can be adjusted to material to be shredded. Furthermore, the stationary impact tool 6 is equipped with an exchangeable baffle plate 14, which can differ in size, thickness and/or angle of attack equipped, so that in connection with the adjustable impact angle of the impact tool 5, an optimal adjustment of the hacking or mulching device to the shredded material to be processed can be generated.

The drum 1 of the hacking or mulching device can consist of several rotor discs and the holding axles 3 of beater rods pushed through the rotor discs. The fixed percussion tool 6 consists, as can be seen in FIG. 3, of two plates 12 spaced apart from one another; 13, which are connected to one another by a cylindrical component which at the same time forms the stop 9 for the movable impact tool 5 or, as shown in FIG. Between the plates 12; 13 is a mounting space for the freely vibrating impact tool 5 is provided.

Around the closed recess 18 of the stationary percussion tool 6, outwardly directed supports 17 are arranged on the outside in the form of a part circle, which correspond to the receiving bushings of the drum 1, so that the stationary percussion tool 6 can simply be placed there in order to mount it without having to fasten it immediately using a percussion rod would have to be. On the inward sides of the two plates 12; 13 of the stationary percussion tool 6 are the same type of support bushings 19 that can be placed on the support bushings 19 for part-circular supports 20 of the pivotable percussion tool 5, which are formed around a recess 21 for the holding axle 3, so that the assembly of the entire Hack - Or mulching device further simplified.

The fly knife 15 of the bat tools 4; 5 is shown in the figures without the associated fastening devices in order to simplify the figures.

Claims

8th

P a t e n t claims

1 . Chopping or mulching device consisting of a drum (1) with a plurality of one-part or multi-part impact tools (4; 5; 6) arranged on holding axles (3) on an outer radius axis-parallel to an axis of rotation (2) of the drum (1), of which at least a striking tool (4; 5) can be pivoted about its holding axis (3), characterized in that the holding axes (3) in the direction of rotation of the drum (1) in front of the centers of gravity S of the movable striking tools (4; 5) and on smaller Radii of rotation TH are arranged as the radii of rotation rs of the centers of gravity S around the axis of rotation (2) of the drum (1) and that the centrifugal force-induced pivoting movement of the movable striking tools (4; 5) in the direction of rotation of the drum (1) about their holding axes (3) by stops (8; 9; 10) is blocked.

2. Chopping or mulching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stops (8) are arranged on the drum (1). . Chopping or mulching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stops (9; 10) are arranged on stationary drum-fixed parts of the impact tools (6). . Chopping or mulching device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the stops (8; 9; 10) are designed to be adjustable and the striking tools (4; 5) can be set at different angles of attack in the direction of rotation of the drum (1).

5. Chopping or mulching device according to claim 4, characterized in that the stops (10) have adjustable stop screws (11) which are supported against the centrifugal force-related pivoting direction of the impact tools (5; 6) thereon.

6. chopping or mulching device according to claim 4, characterized in that the stops (8; 9) are eccentrically mounted and rotatable or interchangeable and designed in different sizes or equipped with attachments. 9

7. Chopping or mulching device according to claim 4, characterized in that the stationary striking tools (6) are equipped with exchangeable impact plates (14) differing in size, thickness and/or angle of attack.

8. Chopping or mulching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drum (1) consists of several rotor discs and that the holding axles (3) consist of racket rods inserted through the rotor discs. . Chopping or mulching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a striking tool (4; 5; 6) is composed of a front striking tool (6) which is fixed to the drum and a striking tool (5) which can be pivoted relative thereto and that the fixed striking tool (6) on two adjacent holding axles (3) of the drum (1) is supported. 0. chopping or mulching device according to claim 8, characterized in that the fixed impact tool (8) consists of two spaced plates (12;

13) which are connected to one another by a cylindrical component which directly or indirectly forms the stop (9; 10) for the pivotable impact tool (5). 1 . Chopping or mulching device according to claim 10, characterized in that the indirect stop is equipped with a thread for a screw (1 1) in the cylindrical component, the end of which forms the stop (10) for the pivotable impact tool (5). 2. Chopping or mulching device according to claim 8, characterized in that both plates (12; 13) are equipped on one side with receiving mouths (16) for a holding axle (3) and oppositely with closed recesses (18) for a further holding axle (3). and in that outwardly directed supports (17) for receiving bushes of the drums (1) are arranged on the plates (12; 13) around the recesses (18) and inwardly directed receiving bushes (19) for supports (20) which are located around the recesses (21) of the pivotable bat tool (5) extend outwards.