WO2023058558A1 - 冷媒を含む組成物、その使用、並びにそれを有する冷凍機及びその冷凍機の運転方法 - Google Patents
冷媒を含む組成物、その使用、並びにそれを有する冷凍機及びその冷凍機の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023058558A1 WO2023058558A1 PCT/JP2022/036516 JP2022036516W WO2023058558A1 WO 2023058558 A1 WO2023058558 A1 WO 2023058558A1 JP 2022036516 W JP2022036516 W JP 2022036516W WO 2023058558 A1 WO2023058558 A1 WO 2023058558A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a composition containing a refrigerant, its use, a refrigerator having the same, and a method of operating the refrigerator.
- Patent Document 1 As a working medium for heat cycle that can be substituted for R410A, a working medium for heat cycle containing trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) and 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132) has been proposed (Patent Document 1). .
- the present disclosure aims to provide a novel low GWP mixed refrigerant.
- a composition containing a refrigerant used for operating an in-vehicle air conditioner the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf);
- HFO-1132(E) trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
- R32 difluoromethane
- HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- x, y and z are the mass% of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the sum total, the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass%.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point C1 (52.0, 36.9, 11.1), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
- Point C1 52.0, 36.9, 11.1
- Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0
- Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)
- point B' 0.0, 36.6, 63.4
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point C2 (49.1, 23.5, 27.4), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) Point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and Point B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7)
- Item 1 The composition according to item 1.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are point L (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), point K (44.2, 23.4, 32.4), point D2 (48.1, 18.7, 33.2), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
- the line segments LK, KD2, D2D, DG, GH, HB' and B'L connecting the seven points of each, or on the line segments LK, KD2, D2D and B'L (however, except point D and point B'), the line segments LK, D2D, DG, GH, HB' and B'L are straight lines;
- the coordinates (x, y, z) of a point on the line segment KD2 are represented by (x, 0.01727x 2 -2.7828x+112.643, -0.01727x 2 +1.
- Item 1 The composition according to item 1. Item 5.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), Point O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9, Point N' (28.4, 16.7, 54.9), point N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6), Point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), point E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6) Point E' (11.2, 7.4, 81.4) Point F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4) and Point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4) Line segments PO, ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, DE, EE', E'F, FB' and B'P that connect the 11 points of each within the range of the figure or the above are on segments PO, ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, EE', E'F and B
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9, Point N' (28.4, 16.7, 54.9), point N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6), Point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), point E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6) Point E' (11.2, 7.4, 81.4) Point F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4) and Point B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7) Line segments ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, DE, EE', E'F, FB and BO respectively connecting the 10 points of, or the line segment ON', on N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, EE', E'F and BO (except points D, E and B), the line segments D1D, DE, FB and BO are straight lines;
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point O (25.7
- the composition according to item 1. Item 7.
- the refrigerant further: Acetylene, HFO-1132a, HFO-1141, HFO-1123, HFC-143a, HFC-134a, Z-HFO-1132, HFO-1243zf, HFC-245cb, HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, HFC- 7.
- the composition according to any one of clauses 1 to 6, comprising at least one additional refrigerant selected from the group consisting of 152a, HFC-161 and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne.
- Item 8 Item 8.
- Item 9. Item 9.
- composition comprising a refrigerant, The refrigerant is: HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf; and acetylene, HFO-1132a, HFO-1141, HFO-1123, HFC-143a, HFC-134a, Z-HFO-1132, HFO-1243zf, HFC-245cb, HCFC- A composition comprising at least one additional refrigerant selected from the group consisting of 1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, HFC-152a, HFC-161 and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne.
- Item 11 A composition comprising a refrigerant, said refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, and no more than 0.1% water.
- a refrigeration method comprising the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 11.
- Item 13 A refrigeration system comprising the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 11 as a working fluid.
- Item 14 A composition comprising a refrigerant, The composition, wherein the refrigerant comprises 28 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, 21.5 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, and 50.5 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, respectively, of HFO-1132(E), R32 and HFO-1234yf, based on their sum.
- a composition comprising a refrigerant contains HFO-1132(E), R32, and HFO-1234yf, respectively, 28 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, 21.5 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, and 50.5 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, based on the sum of these.
- Refrigeration equipment including as Item 16.
- a composition comprising a refrigerant, The refrigerant contains HFO-1132(E), R32 and HFO-1234yf at 28 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, 21.5 ⁇ 0.5% by mass and 50.5 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, respectively, based on the sum of these
- a refrigeration method including the step of operating a refrigeration cycle.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure has a low GWP.
- FIG. 1 is a ternary diagram showing the compositions of refrigerants of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an apparatus used for the burning rate test of Examples.
- the term "refrigerant” includes at least a compound with a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) starting with R, which indicates the type of refrigerant, defined by ISO817 (International Organization for Standardization), and furthermore, the refrigerant number is Even if they are not attached yet, those having properties as refrigerants equivalent to those are included.
- Refrigerants are roughly classified into “fluorocarbon compounds” and “non-fluorocarbon compounds” in terms of compound structure.
- “Fluorocarbon compounds” include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
- composition containing a refrigerant includes (1) refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants) and (2) other components, which are mixed with at least refrigerating machine oil. and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerator containing a refrigerator oil.
- the composition of (2) is referred to as a "refrigerant composition” to distinguish it from the refrigerant itself (including mixtures of refrigerants).
- the working fluid for a refrigerator (3) is described as a "refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid” to distinguish it from the "refrigerant composition”.
- the second refrigerant can be used only by changing a small number of parts (at least one of refrigerating machine oil, gaskets, packing, expansion valves, dryers and other parts) and adjusting the equipment as necessary. means that it can operate under optimum conditions. In other words, this type refers to operating the same equipment by "alternating" the refrigerant.
- equipment designed to operate with a second refrigerant may be used with a second refrigerant installed for the same use as the existing use of the first refrigerant.
- alternate This typology refers to providing the same application by "replacement" of the refrigerant.
- a refrigerator refers to a general device that removes heat from an object or space to make it lower in temperature than the surrounding outside air and maintain this low temperature.
- a refrigerator is a conversion device that converts energy by obtaining energy from the outside and performing work in order to move heat from a low temperature area to a high temperature area.
- vehicle air conditioner refers to a type of refrigeration system used in automobiles such as gasoline vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and hydrogen vehicles.
- An automotive air conditioner is an evaporator that exchanges heat with a liquid refrigerant.
- a refrigeration system consisting of a refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is adiabatically expanded by passing through the evaporator and then supplied as a liquid refrigerant to the evaporator again.
- the refrigerant is "WCF slightly flammable” means that the most flammable composition (Worst case of formulation for flammability; WCF) according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE34-2013 standard has a burning velocity of 10 cm / s or less.
- the refrigerant is ASHRAE slightly flammable (WCF & WCFF slightly flammable) means that the WCF has a burning rate of 10 cm / s or less, and WCF is used for storage, transportation,
- the most flammable fraction composition (Worst case of fractionation for flammability; WCFF) specified by performing a leakage test during use has a burning speed of 10 cm/s or less, and meets the American ANSI/ASHRAE34-2013 standard for flammability. It means that the division is judged as "2L class".
- Refrigerants of the present disclosure include HFO-1132(E), R32 and HFO-1234yf.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure is a low GWP mixed refrigerant.
- the total sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, where x, y and z are mass % based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, when the coordinates (x, y, z) meet the following requirements, no disproportionation reaction occurs at 3 MPa and 150 ° C, the boiling point is -40 ° C or less, and GWP is 250 or less.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point C1 (52.0, 36.9, 11.1), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4) is within the range of the figure enclosed by straight lines C1D, DG, GH, HB' and B'C1 connecting the five points of , respectively, or on the straight lines C1D and B'C1 (points D and B' are excluded).
- the total sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, where x, y and z are mass % based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, when the coordinates (x, y, z) meet the following requirements, no disproportionation reaction occurs at 3 MPa and 150 ° C, the boiling point is -40 ° C or less, and GWP is 160 or less.
- the coordinates (x,y,z) are Point C2 (49.1, 23.5, 27.4), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) Point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and Point B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7) is within the range of the figure enclosed by the straight lines C2D, DG, GH, HB and BC2 connecting the five points of (However, points D and B are excluded).
- x, y and z are mass % based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf
- the disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 MPa and 150 ° C
- the WCF becomes inflammable
- the boiling point is -40 ° C. or less
- GWP is 250 or less.
- the coordinates (x,y,z) are point L (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), point K (44.2, 23.4, 32.4), point D2 (48.1, 18.7, 33.2), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
- the line segments LK, KD2, D2D, DG, GH, HB' and B'L connecting the seven points of each, or on the line segments LK, KD2, D2D and B'L (however, except point D and point B'), the line segments LK, D2D, DG, GH, HB' and B'L are straight lines;
- the coordinates (x, y, z) of a point on the line segment KD2 are represented by (x, 0.01727x 2 -2.7828x+112.643, -0.01727x 2 +1.7828
- the total sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, where x, y and z are mass % based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf In the three-component composition diagram where is 100% by mass, when the coordinates (x, y, z) meet the following requirements, no disproportionation reaction occurs at 3 MPa and 150 ° C, the WCCF is nonflammable, and the boiling point is -40 ° C. or less, and GWP is 250 or less.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), Point O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9, Point N' (28.4, 16.7, 54.9), point N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6), Point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4) Within the range of the figure surrounded by the line segments PO, ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, DG, GH, HB' and B'P connecting the 10 points of each, or the line segments PO, ON ', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D and B'P (except points D and B'), the line segments PO, D1D, DG, GH,
- the total sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, where x, y and z are mass % based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, when the coordinates (x, y, z) satisfy the following requirements, no disproportionation reaction occurs at 3 MPa and 150°C, WCCF becomes incombustible, and the refrigerating capacity for R1234yf ( Cap) ratio is 150% or more and GWP is 250 or less.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), Point O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9, Point N' (28.4, 16.7, 54.9), point N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6), Point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), point E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6) Point E' (11.2, 7.4, 81.4) Point F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4) and Point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4) Line segments PO, ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, DE, EE', E'F, FB' and B'P that connect the 11 points of each within the range of the figure or the above are on segments PO, ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, EE', E'F and B'P (excluding points
- the total sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, where x, y and z are mass % based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, when the coordinates (x, y, z) satisfy the following requirements, no disproportionation reaction occurs at 3 MPa and 150°C, WCCF becomes incombustible, and the refrigerating capacity for R1234yf ( Cap) ratio is 150% or more, and GWP is 160 or less.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9, Point N' (28.4, 16.7, 54.9), point N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6), Point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), point E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6) Point E' (11.2, 7.4, 81.4) Point F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4) and Point B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7) Line segments ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, DE, EE', E'F, FB and BO respectively connecting the 10 points of, or the line segment ON', on N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, EE', E'F and BO (except points D, E and B), the line segments D1D, DE, FB and BO are straight lines;
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure contains HFO-1132(E), R32, and HFO-1234yf at 28 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, 21.5 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, and 50.5 ⁇ 0.5% by mass, respectively, based on the sum of these. good too.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure can suppress the disproportionation reaction even if the refrigeration cycle locally reaches a refrigerant pressure of 3 MPa and a refrigerant temperature of 150°C.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure since the refrigerant of the present disclosure has a boiling point of -40.0°C or lower, it has the advantage of being easy to use in heating with a heat pump.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure has the advantage of enabling heating by a heat pump that consumes less power than an electric heater by using it to operate a refrigerating cycle of an automotive air conditioner.
- Vehicle-mounted air conditioners include those for gasoline vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, and the like.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure may contain additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32 and HFO-1234yf within a range that does not impair the above characteristics and effects.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure preferably contains 99.5% by mass or more of the total of HFO-1132(E), R32, and HFO-1234yf relative to the total refrigerant, and contains 99.75% by mass or more. more preferably 99.9% by mass or more, even more preferably 99.999% by mass or more, and most preferably 99.9999% by mass or more.
- the refrigerants of the present disclosure may consist essentially of HFO-1132(E), R32 and HFO-1234yf, in which case the refrigerants of the present disclosure comprise HFO-1132(E), R32 and HFO -1234yf and unavoidable impurities.
- Refrigerants of the present disclosure may consist solely of HFO-1132(E), R32 and HFO-1234yf.
- the additional refrigerant is not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range.
- the mixed refrigerant may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds as an additional refrigerant.
- Additional refrigerants include acetylene, HFO-1132a, HFO-1141, HFO-1123, HFC-143a, HFC-134a, Z-HFO-1132, HFO-1243zf, HFC-245cb, HCFC-1122, HCFC-124 , CFC-1113, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne and the like.
- compositions of the present disclosure include: A composition comprising a refrigerant,
- the refrigerant is: HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf; and acetylene, HFO-1132a, HFO-1141, HFO-1123, HFC-143a, HFC-134a, Z-HFO-1132, HFO-1243zf, HFC-245cb, HCFC-
- compositions comprising at least one additional refrigerant selected from the group consisting of 1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, HFC-152a, HFC-161 and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne.
- the total amount of additional refrigerant is preferably 0.01% by mass or less with respect to the total refrigerant.
- Refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure comprise at least the refrigerant of the present disclosure and can be used for the same applications as the refrigerant of the present disclosure.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure can be used to obtain a working fluid for refrigerators by further mixing with at least refrigerator oil.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure further contains at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant of the present disclosure.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may optionally contain at least one of the following other components. As described above, when the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in refrigerators, it is usually mixed with at least refrigerator oil.
- the refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure are preferably substantially free of refrigerating machine oil.
- the content of refrigerating machine oil is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, relative to the entire refrigerant composition.
- the refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure may contain trace amounts of water.
- the water content in the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or less with respect to the entire refrigerant. Since the refrigerant composition contains a trace amount of water, the intramolecular double bond of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound that may be contained in the refrigerant is stabilized, and oxidation of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound is less likely to occur. , the stability of the refrigerant composition is improved.
- compositions of the present disclosure also include compositions containing a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant contains HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, and 0.1% or less of water.
- Tracers are added to the refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure in detectable concentrations so that any dilution, fouling, or other modification of the refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure can be traced.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain a single tracer, or may contain two or more tracers.
- the tracer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used tracers.
- Tracers include, for example, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, Aldehyde, ketone, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and the like.
- Hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons and fluoroethers are particularly preferred as tracers.
- FC-14 tetrafluoromethane, CF4
- HCC-40 chloromethane, CH3Cl
- HFC-23 trifluoromethane, CHF3
- HFC-41 fluoromethane, CH3Cl
- HFC-125 fluoromethane, CH3Cl
- HFC-134a (1,1,1,2 - tetrafluoroethane, CF3CH2F
- HFC-134 (1,1,2,2 - tetrafluoroethane, CHF2CHF2
- HFC-143a 1,1,1 - trifluoroethane, CF3CH3
- HFC-143 1,1- trifluoroethane, CHF2CH2F
- HFC-152a 1,1- difluoroethane , CHF2CH3
- 1,2 -difluoroethanethanethanethanethanethane 1,2 -difluoroethanethanethanethanethane
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain a total of about 10 parts per million (ppm) or more by weight of the tracer relative to the total refrigerant composition.
- Refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure may also contain less than about 1000 ppm total tracer, based on the total refrigerant composition.
- Refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure may preferably contain about 30 ppm or more, more preferably about 50 ppm or more of total tracer, based on the total refrigerant composition.
- Refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure may contain total tracers, preferably less than or equal to about 500 ppm, and less than or equal to about 300 ppm, based on the total refrigerant composition.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one type of ultraviolet fluorescent dye alone, or may contain two or more types thereof.
- the ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
- ultraviolet fluorescent dyes examples include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. Either or both of naphthalimide and coumarin are particularly preferred as UV fluorescent dyes.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one stabilizer alone, or may contain two or more stabilizers.
- the stabilizer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used stabilizers.
- stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers and amines.
- Nitro compounds include, for example, aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitroethane, and aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene.
- Ethers include, for example, 1,4-dioxane.
- amines examples include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.
- the stabilizer content is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, relative to the entire refrigerant.
- the stabilizer content is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, relative to the entire refrigerant.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain a single polymerization inhibitor, or may contain two or more polymerization inhibitors.
- the polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
- polymerization inhibitors examples include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, relative to the entire refrigerant.
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, relative to the entire refrigerant.
- the refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure contains at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition of the present disclosure and refrigerating machine oil, and is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
- the refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure is obtained by mixing refrigerating machine oil used in a compressor of a refrigerator with a refrigerant or a refrigerant composition.
- the working fluid containing refrigerating machine oil generally contains 10% by mass or more of refrigerating machine oil.
- the working fluid containing refrigerating machine oil generally contains 50% by mass or less of refrigerating machine oil.
- composition of the present disclosure may contain one type of refrigerating machine oil alone, or may contain two or more types of refrigerating machine oil.
- the refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from commonly used refrigerating machine oils. In this case, if necessary, it is possible to appropriately select a refrigerating machine oil that is more excellent in terms of the miscibility with the mixture and the effect of improving the stability of the mixture.
- the base oil of the refrigerator oil for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE) and polyvinyl ether (PVE) is preferable.
- PAG polyalkylene glycol
- POE polyol ester
- PVE polyvinyl ether
- the refrigerating machine oil may contain additives in addition to the base oil.
- the additive may be at least one selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oiliness agents and antifoaming agents. .
- the refrigerating machine oil one having a kinematic viscosity of 5 cSt or more at 40° C. is preferable from the viewpoint of lubrication.
- the refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity of 400 cSt or less at 40° C. is preferable.
- the refrigerating machine oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure may further contain at least one additive, if necessary.
- additives include the following compatibilizers.
- the working fluid containing refrigerator oil of the present disclosure may contain one type of compatibilizer alone or may contain two or more types of compatibilizer.
- the compatibilizer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used compatibilizers.
- Compatibilizers include, for example, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
- Polyoxyalkylene glycol ether is particularly preferred as the compatibilizer.
- the refrigerator operation method of the present disclosure is a method of operating the refrigerator using the refrigerant of the present disclosure.
- the method of operating the refrigerator of the present disclosure includes a step of circulating the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the refrigerator.
- the method for suppressing disproportionation reaction of the present disclosure is a method for suppressing disproportionation reaction of HFO-1132(E) including the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant of the present disclosure. be.
- the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1132(E) does not occur particularly when the pressure of the refrigerant is 3.0 MPa and the temperature of the refrigerant reaches 150°C. You can get the effect of no.
- disproportionation reaction suppression method of the present disclosure it is possible to operate the refrigeration cycle while suppressing the disproportionation reaction even in a refrigerator that is not particularly provided with disproportionation reaction suppression means.
- disproportionation of HFO-1132(E) can be achieved even when the pressure of the refrigerant is 3.0 MPa and the temperature of the refrigerant is 150 ° C. The effect is obtained that no reaction occurs.
- a mixed refrigerant was prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32 and HFO-1234yf in mass % shown in Table 1 based on the sum of these.
- Test method A test container was filled with the refrigerant composition to be tested, heated to 150°C, and then a voltage was applied to the Pt wire in the container to fuse it, thereby giving energy of 30 J to the refrigerant composition. The presence or absence of disproportionation reaction was determined by rapid pressure and temperature rises in the apparatus.
- Test conditions Test container: 38cc SUS container Test temperature: 150°C Pressure: 3MPa Judgment Criteria
- Non-explosive The temperature or pressure after Pt wire fusing is less than doubled, and a rapid disproportionation reaction does not occur.
- “Explosion” The temperature or pressure after the Pt wire was blown out doubled or more, and a rapid disproportionation reaction occurred.
- the burning rate test was conducted as follows using the apparatus shown in FIG. First, the mixed refrigerant used was made 99.5% pure or better and degassed by repeated freezing, pumping and thawing cycles until no trace of air was visible on the vacuum gauge. Burning rates were measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was achieved by creating an electrical spark between the electrodes in the center of the sample cell. The discharge duration was 1.0-9.9ms and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1-1.0J. Flame propagation was visualized by the Schlieren method. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) with two light-transmitting acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
- the GWP of HFO-1132(E) was set to 1, and the GWP of R32 and HFO-1234yf was evaluated based on the value of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Report.
- IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- the COP, refrigerating capacity, discharge temperature and boiling point of the mixed refrigerant are calculated using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0), and the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerant is calculated under the following conditions. It was obtained by carrying out The physical property data of HFO-1132 (E) were obtained from actual measurements. Evaporation temperature -30°C Condensation temperature 30°C Superheat temperature 5K Supercooling temperature 5K Compressor efficiency 70%
- COP ratio and “refrigerating capacity ratio” indicate ratios (%) to R1234yf.
- “boiling point (°C)” indicates the temperature at which the liquid phase of the mixed refrigerant reaches atmospheric pressure (101.33 kPa).
- power consumption (%) indicates the electric energy used to run the electric vehicle, and is expressed as a ratio to the power consumption when HFO-1234yf is used as the refrigerant.
- heating power consumption (%) indicates the electric energy used for heating by the electric vehicle, and is expressed as a ratio to the power consumption when the refrigerant is HFO-1234yf.
- driving distance (with) is the drivable distance when an electric vehicle equipped with a secondary battery with a certain electric capacity is driven without heating (heating power consumption is 0).
- (none) is 100%, the distance that can be traveled when traveling with heating is expressed as a relative percentage (%).
- an electric heater method was used for heating refrigerants with boiling points above -40°C
- a heat pump method was used for heating refrigerants with boiling points below -40°C.
- the heating COP is 1, and the electrodes equivalent to the power are consumed for heating.
- COP (refrigeration capacity or heating capacity) / power consumption
- the coordinates on the line segments JK, MN, NO, and EF were obtained based on the least squares method as follows.
- the coordinates on M'D1 can be represented by the same formula as the coordinates on MN shown in Table 9.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point C1 (52.0, 36.9, 11.1), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4) is within the range of the figure enclosed by straight lines C1D, DG, GH, HB' and B'C1 connecting the five points of , respectively, or on the straight lines C1D and B'C1 (points D and B' are excluded).
- the total sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, where x, y and z are mass % based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, when the coordinates (x, y, z) meet the following requirements, no disproportionation reaction occurs at 3 MPa and 150 ° C, the boiling point is -40 ° C or less, and GWP is 160 or less.
- the coordinates (x,y,z) are Point C2 (49.1, 23.5, 27.4), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) Point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and Point B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7) is within the range of the figure enclosed by the straight lines C2D, DG, GH, HB and BC2 connecting the five points of (However, points D and B are excluded).
- HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the sum of these is x, y and z respectively, HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf
- the coordinates (x, y, z) meet the following requirements, no disproportionation reaction occurs at 3 MPa and 150 ° C, WCF is nonflammable, and the boiling point is - It can be seen that the temperature is 40°C or less and the GWP is 250 or less.
- the coordinates (x,y,z) are point L (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), point K (44.2, 23.4, 32.4), point D2 (48.1, 18.7, 33.2), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
- the line segments LK, KD2, D2D, DG, GH, HB' and B'L connecting the seven points of each, or on the line segments LK, KD2, D2D and B'L (however, except point D and point B'), the line segments LK, D2D, DG, GH, HB' and B'L are straight lines;
- the coordinates (x, y, z) of a point on the line segment KD2 are represented by (x, 0.01727x 2 -2.7828x+112.643, -0.01727x 2 +1.7828
- HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the sum of these is x, y and z respectively, HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf
- the coordinates (x, y, z) meet the following requirements, no disproportionation reaction occurs at 3 MPa and 150 ° C, WCCF is nonflammable, and the boiling point is - It can be seen that the temperature is 40°C or less and the GWP is 250 or less.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), Point O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9, Point N' (28.4, 16.7, 54.9), point N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6), Point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), Point G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8) point H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8) and point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4) Within the range of the figure surrounded by the line segments PO, ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, DG, GH, HB' and B'P connecting the 10 points of each, or the line segments PO, ON ', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D and B'P (except points D and B'), the line segments PO, D1D, DG, GH,
- HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the sum of these is x, y and z respectively, HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf In the three-component composition diagram where the sum of is 100% by mass, when the coordinates (x, y, z) meet the following requirements, no disproportionation reaction occurs at 3 MPa and 150 ° C, WCCF is non-combustible, and refrigeration for R1234yf It can be seen that the capacity (Cap) ratio is 150% or more and the GWP is 250 or less.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), Point O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9, Point N' (28.4, 16.7, 54.9), point N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6), Point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), point E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6) Point E' (11.2, 7.4, 81.4) Point F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4) and Point B' (0.0, 36.6, 63.4) Line segments PO, ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, DE, EE', E'F, FB' and B'P that connect the 11 points of each within the range of the figure or the above are on segments PO, ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, EE', E'F and B'P (excluding points
- HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf where x, y and z are mass % based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf
- x, y and z are mass % based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf
- the capacity (Cap) ratio is 150% or more and the GWP is 160 or less.
- the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9, Point N' (28.4, 16.7, 54.9), point N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6), Point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3), Point D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0), point E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6) Point E' (11.2, 7.4, 81.4) Point F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4) and Point B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7) Line segments ON', N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, DE, EE', E'F, FB and BO respectively connecting the 10 points of, or the line segment ON', on N'N, NM', M'D1, D1D, EE', E'F and BO (except points D, E and B), the line segments D1D, DE, FB and BO are straight lines;
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure has the desired effect even when it contains a predetermined additional compound.
- Example adjustment> By adding a predetermined amount of water to the 1,2-difluoroethylene, the water content relative to the 1,2-difluoroethylene was adjusted to 10, 100, 1000 and 2000 mass ppm. By sealing 1,2-difluoroethylene with the water content adjusted as described above in a container and blowing oxygen into the container, the amount of oxygen relative to 1,2-difluoroethylene is reduced to 1,2-difluoroethylene. It was adjusted to be as shown in Table 11 with ethylene as the standard. As described above, each fluoroethylene composition shown in Table 11, in which the water content and the oxygen content were adjusted at predetermined ratios, was obtained.
- the acid content in the gas was analyzed by the following method. After the cooling, the tube was completely solidified with liquid nitrogen to completely solidify the gas remaining in the tube. The tube was then opened and slowly thawed to collect the gas in a Tedlar bag. 5 g of pure water was poured into this Tedlar bag, and the acid content was extracted into the pure water while bringing the bag into good contact with the recovered gas. The extract was detected by ion chromatography to measure the content (mass ppm) of fluoride ions (F ⁇ ).
- sample cell 2 high speed camera 3: xenon lamp 4: Collimating lens 5: Collimating lens 6: Ring filter
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Abstract
Description
車載用空調機器を運転するために用いられる、冷媒を含む組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))、ジフルオロメタン(R32)及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO-1234yf)を含み、
HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yfの、これらの総和を基準とする質量%をそれぞれx、y及びzとするとき、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yfの総和が100質量%となる3成分組成図において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点C1 (52.0, 36.9, 11.1)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の5点をそれぞれ結ぶ直線C1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’C1で囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記直線C1D及びB’C1上にある(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
組成物。
項2.
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点C2 (49.1, 23.5, 27.4)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7)
の5点をそれぞれ結ぶ直線C2D、DG、GH、HB及びBC2で囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記直線C2D及びBC2上にある(ただし、点D及び点Bは除く)、
項1に記載の組成物。
項3.
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点L (35.6, 36.8, 27.6)、
点K (44.2, 23.4, 32.4)、
点D2 (48.1, 18.7, 33.2)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の7点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分LK、KD2、D2D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Lで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分LK、KD2、D2D及びB’L上にあり(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分LK、D2D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Lが直線であり、
前記線分KD2上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01727x2-2.7828x+112.643, -0.01727x2+1.7828x-12.643)で表わされる、
項1に記載の組成物。
項4.
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6)、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の10点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Pで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D及びB’P上にあり(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分PO、D1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Pが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされる、
項1に記載の組成物。
項5.
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6)、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6)
点E’ (11.2, 7.4, 81.4)
点F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の11点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DE、EE’、E’F、FB’及びB’Pで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、EE’、E’F及びB’P上にあり(ただし、点D、E及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分PO、D1D、DE、FB’及びB’Pが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされ、
前記線分EE’及びE’F上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.0032x2-0.7679x+15.6 , -0.0032x2-0.2321x+84.4)で表わされる、
項1に記載の組成物。
項6.
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6)
点E’ (11.2, 7.4, 81.4)
点F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4)及び
点B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7)
の10点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DE、EE’、E’F、FB及びBOで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、EE’、E’F及びBO上にあり(ただし、点D、E及び点Bは除く)、
前記線分D1D、DE、FB及びBOが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされ、
前記線分EE’及びE’F上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.0032x2-0.7679x+15.6 , -0.0032x2-0.2321x+84.4)で表わされる、
項1に記載の組成物。
項7.
前記冷媒が、さらに:
アセチレン、HFO-1132a、HFO-1141、HFO-1123、HFC-143a、HFC-134a、Z-HFO-1132、HFO-1243zf、HFC-245cb、HCFC-1122、HCFC-124、CFC-1113、HFC-152a、HFC-161及び3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の追加的な冷媒を含む、項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
項8.
前記冷媒が、さらに0.1%以下の水分を含む、項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
項9.
前記冷媒の合計に対して、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びHFO-1234yfの合計の含有割合が99.5質量%を超える、項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
項10.
冷媒を含む組成物であって、
前記冷媒が:
HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yf;並びに
アセチレン、HFO-1132a、HFO-1141、HFO-1123、HFC-143a、HFC-134a、Z-HFO-1132、HFO-1243zf、HFC-245cb、HCFC-1122、HCFC-124、CFC-1113、HFC-152a、HFC-161及び3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の追加的な冷媒
を含む、組成物。
項11.
冷媒を含む組成物であって、前記冷媒がHFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yf、並びに0.1%以下の水分を含む、組成物。
項12.
項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を用いて冷凍サイクルを運転する工程を含む冷凍方法。
項13.
項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を作動流体として含む、冷凍装置。
項14.
冷媒を含む組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びHFO-1234yfを、これらの総和を基準としてそれぞれ、28±0.5質量%、21.5±0.5質量%及び50.5±0.5質量%含む、組成物。
項15.
冷媒を含む組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びHFO-1234yfを、これらの総和を基準としてそれぞれ、28±0.5質量%、21.5±0.5質量%及び50.5±0.5質量%含む、組成物
を作動流体として含む、冷凍装置。
項16.
冷媒を含む組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びHFO-1234yfを、これらの総和を基準としてそれぞれ、28±0.5質量%、21.5±0.5質量%及び50.5±0.5質量%含む、組成物
を用いて冷凍サイクルを運転する工程を含む冷凍方法。
<用語の定義>
本明細書において用語「冷媒」には、ISO817(国際標準化機構)で定められた、冷媒の種類を表すRで始まる冷媒番号(ASHRAE番号)が付された化合物が少なくとも含まれ、さらに冷媒番号が未だ付されていないとしても、それらと同等の冷媒としての特性を有するものが含まれる。冷媒は、化合物の構造の面で、「フルオロカーボン系化合物」と「非フルオロカーボン系化合物」とに大別される。「フルオロカーボン系化合物」には、クロロフルオロカーボン(CFC)、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFC)及びハイドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)が含まれる。
本開示の冷媒は、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びHFO-1234yfを含む。
HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yfの、これらの総和を基準とする質量%をそれぞれx、y及びzとするとき、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yfの総和が100質量%となる3成分組成図において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点C1 (52.0, 36.9, 11.1)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の5点をそれぞれ結ぶ直線C1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’C1で囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記直線C1D及びB’C1上にある(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)。
座標(x,y,z)が、
点C2 (49.1, 23.5, 27.4)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7)
の5点をそれぞれ結ぶ直線C2D、DG、GH、HB及びBC2で囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記直線C2D及びBC2上にある(ただし、点D及び点Bは除く)。
座標(x,y,z)が、
点L (35.6, 36.8, 27.6)、
点K (44.2, 23.4, 32.4)、
点D2 (48.1, 18.7, 33.2)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の7点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分LK、KD2、D2D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Lで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分LK、KD2、D2D及びB’L上にあり(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分LK、D2D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Lが直線であり、
前記線分KD2上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01727x2-2.7828x+112.643, -0.01727x2+1.7828x-12.643)で表わされる。
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6)、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の10点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Pで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D及びB’P上にあり(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分PO、D1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Pが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされる。
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6)、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6)
点E’ (11.2, 7.4, 81.4)
点F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の11点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DE、EE’、E’F、FB’及びB’Pで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、EE’、E’F及びB’P上にあり(ただし、点D、E及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分PO、D1D、DE、FB’及びB’Pが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされ、
前記線分EE’及びE’F上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.0032x2-0.7679x+15.6 , -0.0032x2-0.2321x+84.4)で表わされる。
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6)
点E’ (11.2, 7.4, 81.4)
点F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4)及び
点B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7)
の10点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DE、EE’、E’F、FB及びBOで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、EE’、E’F及びBO上にあり(ただし、点D、E及び点Bは除く)、
前記線分D1D、DE、FB及びBOが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされ、
前記線分EE’及びE’F上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.0032x2-0.7679x+15.6 , -0.0032x2-0.2321x+84.4)で表わされる。
冷媒を含む組成物であって、
前記冷媒が:
HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yf;並びに
アセチレン、HFO-1132a、HFO-1141、HFO-1123、HFC-143a、HFC-134a、Z-HFO-1132、HFO-1243zf、HFC-245cb、HCFC-1122、HCFC-124、CFC-1113、HFC-152a、HFC-161及び3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の追加的な冷媒を含む、組成物も含まれる。追加的な冷媒の合計量は、冷媒全体に対して0.01質量%以下であることが好ましい。
本開示の冷媒組成物は、本開示の冷媒を少なくとも含み、本開示の冷媒と同じ用途のために使用することができる。また、本開示の冷媒組成物は、さらに少なくとも冷凍機油と混合することにより冷凍機用作動流体を得るために用いることができる。
本開示の冷媒組成物は、本開示の冷媒に加え、さらに少なくとも一種のその他の成分を含有する。本開示の冷媒組成物は、必要に応じて、以下のその他の成分のうち少なくとも一種を含有していてもよい。上述の通り、本開示の冷媒組成物を、冷凍機における作動流体として使用するに際しては、通常、少なくとも冷凍機油と混合して用いられる。したがって、本開示の冷媒組成物は、好ましくは冷凍機油を実質的に含まない。具体的には、本開示の冷媒組成物は、冷媒組成物全体に対する冷凍機油の含有量が好ましくは1質量%以下であり、より好ましくは0.1質量%以下である。
本開示の冷媒組成物は微量の水を含んでもよい。冷媒組成物における含水割合は、冷媒全体に対して、0.1質量%以下とすることが好ましい。冷媒組成物が微量の水分を含むことにより、冷媒中に含まれ得る不飽和のフルオロカーボン系化合物の分子内二重結合が安定化され、また、不飽和のフルオロカーボン系化合物の酸化も起こりにくくなるため、冷媒組成物の安定性が向上する。
トレーサーは、本開示の冷媒組成物が希釈、汚染、その他何らかの変更があった場合、その変更を追跡できるように検出可能な濃度で本開示の冷媒組成物に添加される。
FC-14(テトラフルオロメタン、CF4)
HCC-40(クロロメタン、CH3Cl)
HFC-23(トリフルオロメタン、CHF3)
HFC-41(フルオロメタン、CH3Cl)
HFC-125(ペンタフルオロエタン、CF3CHF2)
HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン、CF3CH2F)
HFC-134(1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン、CHF2CHF2)
HFC-143a(1,1,1-トリフルオロエタン、CF3CH3)
HFC-143(1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン、CHF2CH2F)
HFC-152a(1,1-ジフルオロエタン、CHF2CH3)
HFC-152(1,2-ジフルオロエタン、CH2FCH2F)
HFC-161(フルオロエタン、CH3CH2F)
HFC-245fa(1,1,1,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロパン、CF3CH2CHF2)
HFC-236fa(1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン、CF3CH2CF3)
HFC-236ea(1,1,1,2,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン、CF3CHFCHF2)
HFC-227ea(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-ヘプタフルオロプロパン、CF3CHFCF3)
HCFC-22(クロロジフルオロメタン、CHClF2)
HCFC-31(クロロフルオロメタン、CH2ClF)
CFC-1113(クロロトリフルオロエチレン、CF2=CClF)
HFE-125(トリフルオロメチル-ジフルオロメチルエーテル、CF3OCHF2)
HFE-134a(トリフルオロメチル-フルオロメチルエーテル、CF3OCH2F)
HFE-143a(トリフルオロメチル-メチルエーテル、CF3OCH3)
HFE-227ea(トリフルオロメチル-テトラフルオロエチルエーテル、CF3OCHFCF3)
HFE-236fa(トリフルオロメチル-トリフルオロエチルエーテル、CF3OCH2CF3)
本開示の冷媒組成物は、紫外線蛍光染料として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
本開示の冷媒組成物は、安定剤として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
本開示の冷媒組成物は、重合禁止剤として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
本開示の冷凍機油含有作動流体は、本開示の冷媒又は冷媒組成物と、冷凍機油とを少なくとも含み、冷凍機における作動流体として用いられる。具体的には、本開示の冷凍機油含有作動流体は、冷凍機の圧縮機において使用される冷凍機油と、冷媒又は冷媒組成物とが互いに混じり合うことにより得られる。冷凍機油含有作動流体には冷凍機油は一般に10質量%以上含まれる。冷凍機油含有作動流体には冷凍機油は一般に50質量%以下含まれる。
本開示の組成物は、冷凍機油として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
また、冷凍機油として、40℃における動粘度が400cSt以下であるものが、潤滑の点で好ましい。
本開示の冷凍機油含有作動流体は、相溶化剤として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
本開示の冷凍機の運転方法は、本開示の冷媒を用いて冷凍機を運転する方法である。
本開示の不均化反応の抑制方法は、本開示の冷媒を用いて冷凍サイクルを運転する工程を含む、HFO-1132(E)の不均化反応の抑制方法である。
本開示の使用は、R32及びHFO-1234yfの、HFO-1132(E)の不均化反応を抑制するための使用であって、前記不均化反応の抑制は、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びHFO-1234yfを、本開示の冷媒の混合比率となるように混合することにより行われる。
試験方法
試験容器に、試験する冷媒組成物を移充填し、150℃まで加熱した後、容器内のPt線に電圧を印可して溶断させることで、冷媒組成物に30Jのエネルギーを与えた。不均化反応の有無は装置内の急激な圧力上昇及び温度上昇によって判定した。
試験条件
試験容器:38cc SUS製容器
試験温度:150℃
圧力:3 MPa
判定基準
「不爆」:Pt線溶断後の温度又は圧力が2倍未満であり、急激な不均化反応が起こっていない。
「爆発」:Pt線溶断後の温度又は圧力が2倍以上に達し、急激な不均化反応が起こった。
燃焼速度(Su(cm/s))は、単位面積の火炎面が単位時間に消費する未燃ガスの体積で表され、以下の式より算出される。
Su=Sb*ρu/ρb
Sb;火炎伝搬速度(cm/s)
ρu;断熱火炎温度(未燃)
ρb;断熱火炎温度(既燃)
ここで、
Sbはシュリーレンビデオ画像から求め、ρuは測定温度、ρbは燃焼ガスの燃焼熱及び定圧比熱から算出した。結果を表2に示す。
蒸発温度 -30℃
凝縮温度 30℃
過熱温度 5K
過冷却温度 5K
圧縮機効率 70%
表中、「沸点(℃)」とは、混合冷媒の液相が大気圧(101.33kPa)となる温度を示す。表中、「動力の消費電力量(%)」とは、電気自動車が走行するために使用した電気エネルギーを示し、冷媒をHFO-1234yfとしたとき消費電力量との比で表す。表中、「暖房の消費電力量(%)」とは、電気自動車が暖房を運転するために使用した電気エネルギーを示し、冷媒をHFO-1234yfとしたとき消費電力量との比で表す。
暖房使用時の消費電力量=暖房能力/暖房COP
蒸発温度 -30℃
凝縮温度 30℃
過熱温度 5K
過冷却温度 5K
圧縮機効率 70%
走行可能距離は、次式により求めた。
走行可能距離=(電池容量)/(動力の消費電力量+暖房での消費電力量)
これらの値を、各混合冷媒についてのGWPと合わせて以下の表に示す。なお、比COP及び比冷凍能力については、HFO-1234yに対する割合を示す。
COP =(冷凍能力又は暖房能力)/消費電力量
HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yfの、これらの総和を基準とする質量%をそれぞれx、y及びzとするとき、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yfの総和が100質量%となる3成分組成図において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点C1 (52.0, 36.9, 11.1)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の5点をそれぞれ結ぶ直線C1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’C1で囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記直線C1D及びB’C1上にある(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)。
座標(x,y,z)が、
点C2 (49.1, 23.5, 27.4)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7)
の5点をそれぞれ結ぶ直線C2D、DG、GH、HB及びBC2で囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記直線C2D及びBC2上にある(ただし、点D及び点Bは除く)。
座標(x,y,z)が、
点L (35.6, 36.8, 27.6)、
点K (44.2, 23.4, 32.4)、
点D2 (48.1, 18.7, 33.2)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の7点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分LK、KD2、D2D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Lで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分LK、KD2、D2D及びB’L上にあり(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分LK、D2D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Lが直線であり、
前記線分KD2上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01727x2-2.7828x+112.643, -0.01727x2+1.7828x-12.643)で表わされる。
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6)、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の10点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Pで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D及びB’P上にあり(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分PO、D1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Pが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされる。
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6)、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6)
点E’ (11.2, 7.4, 81.4)
点F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の11点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DE、EE’、E’F、FB’及びB’Pで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、EE’、E’F及びB’P上にあり(ただし、点D、E及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分PO、D1D、DE、FB’及びB’Pが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされ、
前記線分EE’及びE’F上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.0032x2-0.7679x+15.6 , -0.0032x2-0.2321x+84.4)で表わされる。
前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6)
点E’ (11.2, 7.4, 81.4)
点F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4)及び
点B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7)
の10点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DE、EE’、E’F、FB及びBOで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、EE’、E’F及びBO上にあり(ただし、点D、E及び点Bは除く)、
前記線分D1D、DE、FB及びBOが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされ、
前記線分EE’及びE’F上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.0032x2-0.7679x+15.6 , -0.0032x2-0.2321x+84.4)で表わされる。
上記1,2-ジフルオロエチレンに対して所定量の水を添加することで、1,2-ジフルオロエチレンに対する水の含有量が10、100、1000、2000質量ppmとなるように調節した。このように水の含有量を上記のように調節した1,2-ジフルオロエチレンを容器に密閉し、容器内に酸素を吹き込むことで、1,2-ジフルオロエチレンに対する酸素量を1,2-ジフルオロエチレンを基準として表11に示す通りとなるように調節した。以上のようにして、水分量及び酸素量が所定の割合で調節された表11に示す各フルオロエチレン組成物を得た。
(フルオロエチレンの安定性試験)
上記実施例及び比較例で得られたフルオロエチレン組成物の各々について、以下のように安定性試験を行った。片側を溶封済みのガラス製チューブ(ID8mmΦ×OD12mmΦ×L300mm)に、フルオロエチレン組成物を1,2-ジフルオロエチレンの含有量が0.01molとなるように加えた。チューブは溶封により密閉状態とした。このチューブを150℃の雰囲気下の恒温槽内に静置させ、この状態で1週間保持した。その後、恒温槽からチューブを取り出して冷却し、外観を確認するとともにチューブ内のガス中の酸分の分析を行うことで、フルオロエチレンの安定性を評価した。
2:高速カメラ
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6:リングフィルター
Claims (12)
- 車載用空調機器を運転するために用いられる、冷媒を含む組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))、ジフルオロメタン(R32)及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO-1234yf)を含み、
HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yfの、これらの総和を基準とする質量%をそれぞれx、y及びzとするとき、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びR1234yfの総和が100質量%となる3成分組成図において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点C1 (52.0, 36.9, 11.1)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の5点をそれぞれ結ぶ直線C1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’C1で囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記直線C1D及びB’C1上にある(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
組成物。 - 前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点C2 (49.1, 23.5, 27.4)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7)
の5点をそれぞれ結ぶ直線C2D、DG、GH、HB及びBC2で囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記直線C2D及びBC2上にある(ただし、点D及び点Bは除く)、
請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点L (35.6, 36.8, 27.6)、
点K (44.2, 23.4, 32.4)、
点D2 (48.1, 18.7, 33.2)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の7点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分LK、KD2、D2D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Lで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分LK、KD2、D2D及びB’L上にあり(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分LK、D2D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Lが直線であり、
前記線分KD2上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01727x2-2.7828x+112.643, -0.01727x2+1.7828x-12.643)で表わされる、
請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6)、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点G (12.2, 0.0, 87.8)
点H (0.0, 8.2, 91.8)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の10点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Pで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D及びB’P上にあり(ただし、点D及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分PO、D1D、DG、GH、HB’及びB’Pが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされる、
請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点P (22.6, 36.8, 40.6)、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6)
点E’ (11.2, 7.4, 81.4)
点F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4)及び
点B’ (0.0, 36.6, 63.4)
の11点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DE、EE’、E’F、FB’及びB’Pで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分PO、ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、EE’、E’F及びB’P上にあり(ただし、点D、E及び点B’は除く)、
前記線分PO、D1D、DE、FB’及びB’Pが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされ、
前記線分EE’及びE’F上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.0032x2-0.7679x+15.6 , -0.0032x2-0.2321x+84.4)で表わされる、
請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 前記冷媒において、座標(x,y,z)が、
点O (25.7, 23.4, 50.9)、
点N’ (28.4, 16.7, 54.9)、
点N (32.4, 10.0, 57.6)、
点M’ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8)、
点D1 (44.5, 2.2, 53.3)、
点D (44.0, 0.0, 56.0)、
点E (22.4, 0.0, 77.6)
点E’ (11.2, 7.4, 81.4)
点F (0.0, 15.6, 84.4)及び
点B (0.0, 23.3, 76.7)
の10点をそれぞれ結ぶ線分ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、DE、EE’、E’F、FB及びBOで囲まれる図形の範囲内又は前記線分ON’、N’N、NM’、M’D1、D1D、EE’、E’F及びBO上にあり(ただし、点D、E及び点Bは除く)、
前記線分D1D、DE、FB及びBOが直線であり、
前記線分ON’及びN’N上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.1204x2-8.9935x+175.03, -0.1204x2+7.9935x-75.03)で表わされ、
前記線分NM’及びM’D1上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.01792x2-2.019x+56.594 , -0.01792x2+1.019x+43.406)で表わされ、
前記線分EE’及びE’F上の点の座標(x,y,z)が、(x, 0.0032x2-0.7679x+15.6 , -0.0032x2-0.2321x+84.4)で表わされる、
請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 前記冷媒が、さらに:
アセチレン、HFO-1132a、HFO-1141、HFO-1123、HFC-143a、HFC-134a、Z-HFO-1132、HFO-1243zf、HFC-245cb、HCFC-1122、HCFC-124、CFC-1113、HFC-152a、HFC-161及び3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の追加的な冷媒を含む、項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。 - 前記冷媒が、さらに0.1%以下の水分を含む、項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記冷媒の合計に対して、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びHFO-1234yfの合計の含有割合が99.5質量%を超える、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を用いて冷凍サイクルを運転する工程を含む冷凍方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を作動流体として含む、冷凍装置。
- 冷媒を含む組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)、R32及びHFO-1234yfを、これらの総和を基準としてそれぞれ、28±0.5質量%、21.5±0.5質量%及び50.5±0.5質量%含む、組成物。
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