WO2022234820A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022234820A1 WO2022234820A1 PCT/JP2022/019330 JP2022019330W WO2022234820A1 WO 2022234820 A1 WO2022234820 A1 WO 2022234820A1 JP 2022019330 W JP2022019330 W JP 2022019330W WO 2022234820 A1 WO2022234820 A1 WO 2022234820A1
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- liquid crystal
- bis
- diamine
- polymer
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 241
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000006158 tetracarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 diamine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 41
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminophenyl ether Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- WUPRYUDHUFLKFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 WUPRYUDHUFLKFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- LDFYRFKAYFZVNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 LDFYRFKAYFZVNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HYDATEKARGDBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]phenoxy]aniline Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(N)=CC=3)=CC=2)C=C1 HYDATEKARGDBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AYWCMMZKGNGLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]phenoxy]phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 AYWCMMZKGNGLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LHDINEQYSPQRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC(=CC=C1N)OCCOC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=C(C=C3)N Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1N)OCCOC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=C(C=C3)N LHDINEQYSPQRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SOHYYBJEJPWFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1=CC=C(C=C(CCC(C=CC2=C3)=CC2=CC=C3N)C=C2)C2=C1 Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C=C(CCC(C=CC2=C3)=CC2=CC=C3N)C=C2)C2=C1 SOHYYBJEJPWFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- ITTRRXRYAKWKAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-N,1-N,2-N,2-N-tetrakis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C(C1CO1)N(C1C(CCCC1)N(CC1CO1)CC1CO1)CC1CO1 ITTRRXRYAKWKAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UTVUARBJBACFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-bis[[bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]cyclohexyl]-n,n-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)methanamine Chemical compound C1OC1CN(CC1CC(CN(CC2OC2)CC2OC2)CC(CN(CC2OC2)CC2OC2)C1)CC1CO1 UTVUARBJBACFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HASUCEDGKYJBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-[[bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]cyclohexyl]-n,n-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)methanamine Chemical compound C1OC1CN(CC1CC(CN(CC2OC2)CC2OC2)CCC1)CC1CO1 HASUCEDGKYJBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DQXFMCBYGKGRGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[[bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]cyclohexyl]-n,n-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)methanamine Chemical compound C1OC1CN(CC1CCC(CN(CC2OC2)CC2OC2)CC1)CC1CO1 DQXFMCBYGKGRGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DBXOZIGKCLFPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,3-n,3-n-tetrakis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)cyclohexane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound C1OC1CN(C1CC(CCC1)N(CC1OC1)CC1OC1)CC1CO1 DBXOZIGKCLFPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PZQDLBZWPGNKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,4-n,4-n-tetrakis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1OC1CN(C1CCC(CC1)N(CC1OC1)CC1OC1)CC1CO1 PZQDLBZWPGNKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- JXFCYRAFQGPMTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[11-(4-aminophenoxy)undecoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OCCCCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 JXFCYRAFQGPMTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NYYQMRVJKVNHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[12-(4-aminophenoxy)dodecoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OCCCCCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 NYYQMRVJKVNHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBXBSFFXAMVASC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[7-(4-aminophenoxy)heptoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 JBXBSFFXAMVASC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SURHEQARWKWZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[8-(4-aminophenoxy)octoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 SURHEQARWKWZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCNCCN MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKRNLSUTBJUVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,n',n'-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)adipamide Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)C(=O)CCCCC(=O)N(CCO)CCO OKRNLSUTBJUVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017144 n-butyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1N KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDWYJINCYGEEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,7-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C(N)C2=CC(N)=CC=C21 ZDWYJINCYGEEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOGZBMRXLADNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 GOGZBMRXLADNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBJPJUGOYJOSLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 HBJPJUGOYJOSLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLFNLZLINWHATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO JLFNLZLINWHATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006289 polycarbonate film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XVSSGIXTKVRGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxycarbonyl prop-2-enyl carbonate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCC=C XVSSGIXTKVRGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCOC JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=N1 VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATBIAJXSKNPHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-carbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 ATBIAJXSKNPHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAAWASYJIRZXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=NC(N)=N1 YAAWASYJIRZXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OAXARSVKYJPDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-prop-2-ynylpiperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(CC#C)CC1 OAXARSVKYJPDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUPAXCPQAAOIPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl formate Chemical group CC(C)(C)OC=O RUPAXCPQAAOIPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal display element is constructed by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates provided with electrodes.
- an organic film made of an organic material is used as a liquid crystal alignment film so that the liquid crystal is in a desired alignment state between the substrates. That is, the liquid crystal alignment film is a constituent member of the liquid crystal display element, is formed on the surfaces of the substrates that sandwich the liquid crystal and is in contact with the liquid crystal, and plays the role of orienting the liquid crystal in a certain direction between the substrates. Furthermore, the liquid crystal alignment film can control the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal.
- a method of reducing the pretilt angle mainly by selecting a polyimide structure is known (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- liquid crystal display elements In recent years, as the performance of liquid crystal display elements has improved, in addition to applications such as large-screen, high-definition liquid crystal televisions, it is also used in automotive applications such as car navigation systems, meter panels, surveillance cameras, and medical camera monitors. Liquid crystal display elements are used, and due to the demand for viewing angle characteristics, the IPS method and FFS method, which are excellent in viewing angle characteristics among driving methods for liquid crystal molecules, are being studied. (see Patent Document 3). In addition, in the IPS and FFS liquid crystal display elements, static electricity tends to accumulate in the liquid crystal cell, and the accumulated electric charge disturbs the liquid crystal alignment and affects the display as an afterimage. significantly lower.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polyamic acid or polyimide having a structural unit having an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid residue and a structural unit having an alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid residue. is proposed, and Patent Document 5 proposes a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polyimide precursor having a diphenylamine skeleton.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal display element with a low incidence of display defects (line burn-in) even when a negative liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal material.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent that provides a liquid crystal alignment film that has high stability in liquid crystal alignment and can reduce the generated charge in a short time while reducing the absolute value of the accumulated charge.
- liquid crystal aligning agent having the following composition is optimal for achieving the above object, and completed the present invention.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising the following polymer (A), polymer (B) and crosslinkable compound (C).
- R is the same as R in formula (d D ).
- the polyimide precursor does not have an imide ring structure.
- two Ars each independently represent a divalent benzene ring, a biphenyl structure, or a naphthalene ring, and any hydrogen atom on the ring may be replaced with a monovalent group.
- L o is —O—(—Ar′—O—) n — (n is an integer of 0 to 3.
- Ar′ represents a divalent benzene ring and a biphenyl structure, and any hydrogen atom on the ring is may be substituted with a monovalent group.
- the plurality of Ar' may be the same or different.
- -(CH 2 ) n - (n is an integer of 2 to 18 .)
- Y D represents a divalent organic group having a group “—N(D)—” (D represents a protecting group that is eliminated by heating and replaced with a hydrogen atom) in the molecule.
- R's each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- Y B represents a divalent organic group that satisfies the following conditions (1) and (2).
- R has the same definition as R in formula (d 0 ) above.
- Condition (1) a heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom and a secondary or tertiary amino group (provided that the group "-N(D')-"(D' is a protective group that is eliminated by heating and replaced with a hydrogen atom ) does not have a nitrogen atom-containing structure selected from the group consisting of excluding amino groups derived from ).
- Condition (2) Does not have a side chain group with 6 or more carbon atoms. (a is an integer of 2 to 4, R a is an a-valent organic group, and the a bonding site with N is an aliphatic carbon atom.)
- Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- Halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms.
- the imidization ratio as used herein means the ratio of imide groups to the total amount of imide groups derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivatives thereof and carboxy groups (or derivatives thereof).
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element with a low incidence of display defects (line burn-in) even when a negative liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal material.
- a liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained in which the stability of the liquid crystal alignment is high and the generated charge can be reduced in a short time while reducing the absolute value of the accumulated charge.
- a liquid crystal alignment film in which abrasion of the film during alignment treatment is suppressed can be obtained, so a liquid crystal display device with excellent display quality can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a polyimide precursor which is a reaction product of a diamine component containing a diamine represented by the above formula (d 0 ) and a diamine represented by the above formula (d D ) and a tetracarboxylic acid derivative component. It contains a polyimide polymer (A) obtained by imidizing a polyimide.
- the high-temperature treatment required for thermal imidization becomes unnecessary.
- the obtained liquid crystal alignment film has high stability of liquid crystal alignment, and a liquid crystal display element with a low incidence of display defects (line burn-in) can be obtained.
- the polymer (A) is obtained by imidizing a polyimide precursor obtained from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative component containing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a diamine component containing a specific diamine.
- the imidization rate of polyimide in the polymer (A) is preferably 10 to 100% from the viewpoint of reducing the occurrence rate of display defects.
- the lower limit of the imidization rate is preferably 10%, more preferably 20%, still more preferably 50%, most preferably 70%, and the upper limit of the imidization rate is preferably 100%, more preferably 99%. 95% is even more preferred. Specific examples of materials used in the production of the polymer (A) and production methods are described in detail below.
- the diamine component used in the production of the polymer (A), which is a polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, is a diamine represented by the following formula (d 0 ) and a diamine represented by the following formula (d D ) contains
- the diamine represented by the following formula (d 0 ) and the diamine represented by the following formula (d D ) may be used singly or in combination of two or more. (The definition of each symbol in the formula is the same as above.)
- the hydrogen atom on the benzene ring, biphenyl structure, or naphthalene ring of Ar′ contained in Ar and L o in the above formula (d 0 ) is, for example, a halogen atom, a carbon number of 1 to 10 (more preferably a carbon 1 to 5) alkyl group, alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms (more preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms), alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms), 1 carbon atom to 10 (more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms) fluoroalkyl group, 2 to 10 carbon atoms (more preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms) fluoroalkenyl group, 1 to 10 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 1 carbon atoms) 5) may be substituted with a fluoroalkoxy group, a hydroxy group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 5
- the diamine represented by the above formula (d 0 ) includes 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, and the following formulas (d 0 -1) to (d 0 - 10) compounds represented by 1,7-bis(4-aminophenoxy)heptane, 1,7-bis(3-aminophenoxy)heptane, 1,8-bis(4-aminophenoxy)octane, 1,8 -bis(3-aminophenoxy)octane, 1,9-bis(4-aminophenoxy)nonane, 1,9-bis(3-aminophenoxy)nonane, 1,10-bis(4-aminophenoxy)decane, 1 , 10-bis(3-aminophenoxy)decane, 1,11-bis(4-aminophenoxy)undecane, 1,11-
- the diamine represented by the above formula (d D ) is preferably an aromatic diamine having one aromatic ring in the molecule, and any hydrogen on the aromatic ring
- -NR-(R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms , a phenyl group, or the group “-D”)
- the aromatic ring include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring and an anthracene ring, preferably a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring, and more preferably a benzene ring.
- Any hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring may be a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a carboxy group, a halogen atom, or a fluorine atom containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms. may be replaced with a monovalent organic group in which a portion of the hydrogen atoms on the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is substituted with a hydroxy group.
- D in the group "-N(D)-” represents a protective group that is detached by heating and replaced with a hydrogen atom, and is decomposed by heat and detached, and is converted to the group "-NH-".
- the structure of D which is an organic group that can be eliminated by heat, includes a benzyloxycarbonyl group, a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl group, an allyloxycarbonyl group, a tertiary butoxycarbonyl group (tert-butoxycarbonyl group), and the like.
- Typical examples include carbamate-based organic groups, but tertiary butoxy groups are preferred from the viewpoint of efficient thermal desorption, desorption at a relatively low temperature, and emission as a harmless gas when desorbed. Carbonyl groups are particularly preferred.
- the diamine represented by the above formula (d D ) is preferably a diamine selected from the following formulas (d D -1) to (d D -7).
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- a preferable content of the diamine represented by the above formula (d 0 ) is preferably 50 to 95 mol %, preferably 50 to 90 mol %, based on the total diamine component used in the production of the polymer (A). Mole % is more preferred.
- the preferred content of the diamine of formula (d D ) is 5 to 50 mol %, preferably 10 to 50 mol %, based on the total amount of the diamine component used in the production of the polymer (A). It is more preferable to have
- the diamine component used in the production of the polymer (A) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes, in addition to the above diamines, various diamines (hereinafter referred to as other diamines 1 Also called.) can be used. Each of the other diamines 1 may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- diamines 1 include p-phenylenediamine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-dimethyl- m-phenylenediamine, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 4-aminobenzylamine, 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine, 4-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)aniline, 4- (2-aminoethyl)aniline, 2-(6-aminonaphthyl)ethylamine, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3, 3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4
- m and n are integers of 1 to 3 (provided that 1 ⁇ m + n ⁇ 4), j is an integer of 0 or 1,
- X 1 is -(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1 to 15), -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CO-N(CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -CH 2 O-, - represents CH 2 —OCO—, —COO—, or —OCO—
- R 1 is a fluorine atom, a fluorine atom-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a carbon number It represents an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- X 2 represents -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CH 2 -OCO-, -COO- or -OCO-.
- R 2 represents a fluorine atom-containing alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the amount of the other diamines 1 is It is preferably 5 to 40 mol %, more preferably 10 to 40 mol %.
- the total content of the diamines of the above formulas (d 0 ) and (d D ) is preferably 95 mol% or less with respect to the total diamine components used in the production of the polymer (A), It is preferably 90 mol % or less.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component used in the production of the polymer (A) of the present invention is not only tetracarboxylic dianhydride, but also its derivatives such as tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compound, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, tetracarboxylic acid Dialkyl ester dihalides and the like can also be used.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component one type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivative thereof may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides or derivatives thereof include acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, or these derivatives.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides having at least one partial structure selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclobutane ring structure, a cyclopentane ring structure and a cyclohexane ring structure, or these More preferably, it contains a derivative (hereinafter collectively referred to as a tetracarboxylic acid derivative having a specific partial structure), and at least one selected from the group consisting of a cyclobutane ring structure, a cyclopentane ring structure and a cyclohexane ring structure.
- a derivative hereinafter collectively referred to as a tetracarboxylic acid derivative having a specific partial structure
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a partial structure of or a derivative thereof is an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an aromatic ring.
- An acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups bonded to a chain hydrocarbon structure. However, it does not need to be composed only of a chain hydrocarbon structure, and may have an alicyclic structure or an aromatic ring structure in part thereof.
- An alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an alicyclic structure. However, none of these four carboxy groups are bonded to the aromatic ring. Moreover, it is not necessary to consist only of an alicyclic structure, and a part thereof may have a chain hydrocarbon structure or an aromatic ring structure.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component that can be used in the synthesis of the polymer (A) preferably includes the following tetracarboxylic dianhydrides or derivatives thereof (hereinafter collectively referred to as specific tetracarboxylic acid derivatives) ).
- Acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride; 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl -1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dichloro-1,2,3 ,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-difluoro-1,2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracar
- More preferred examples of the above specific tetracarboxylic acid derivatives include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2- Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl -1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-difluoro-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3 ,3
- the usage ratio of the tetracarboxylic acid derivative having the specific partial structure or the specific tetracarboxylic acid derivative is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, based on the total tetracarboxylic acid derivative components used. , more preferably 50 mol % or more.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has "H-N(R)-YD'-N(R)-H" (YD ' is a group "-N(D ' )-"(D' is , represents a protective group that is eliminated by heating and replaced with a hydrogen atom.).
- R has the same meaning as R in formula (d D ).
- the polyimide precursor of the polymer (B) does not have an imide ring structure.
- the diamine (d D'B ) By adding the diamine (d D'B ) to the diamine component used for producing the polymer (B), the polymer (B ) can be unevenly distributed. Therefore, the effect of improving the film strength possessed by the polymer (B) is increased, and the abrasion of the film during the alignment treatment is suppressed.
- the diamine component used for producing the polymer (B) includes the diamine represented by the above formula (d B ).
- the divalent organic group Y B contained in the diamine (d B ) satisfies the conditions (1) and (2) above.
- the aspect of condition (1) the basicity of the polymer is lowered and the thermal imidization reaction of the polymer (B) is suppressed, so that it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film with high film strength.
- the aspect of condition (2) the alignment control force of the liquid crystal is increased in the IPS system and the FFS system, and the alignment stability of the resulting liquid crystal alignment film can be enhanced.
- a nitrogen atom selected from the group consisting of a heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom and a secondary or tertiary amino group (excluding an amino group derived from the group "-N(D')-")
- a diamine in which two groups "-NHR" (R has the same definition as R in the above formula (d B )) are bonded to a divalent organic group having a containing structure other A diamine having a specific nitrogen atom-containing structure exemplified for diamine 1 can be mentioned.
- Examples of the diamine represented by the above formula (d B ) include an aromatic diamine (I) having one benzene ring; a diamine having two benzene rings and having two benzene rings linked by a single bond (II- a); an aromatic diamine in which two benzene rings are linked by a divalent group, wherein the divalent group is an oxygen atom or an organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and is the same as the two benzene rings Aromatic diamines (II-b), which are bonded at the atoms of However, the aromatic diamine (I), the aromatic diamine (II-a) and the aromatic diamine (II-b) are diamines other than the above diamine (d D'B ), and the above conditions (1) and conditions (2) is satisfied.
- diamine represented by the above formula (d B ) include the diamine represented by the formula (d M ) described later, and the diamine represented by the above formulas (d 0 -1) to (d 0 -10).
- diamine (d D'B ) examples include the diamines exemplified for the diamine (d D ), including preferred embodiments.
- the diamine (d D'B ) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- specific examples of D' of the group "-N(D')-” include the structures exemplified for D of the above group "-N(D)-” including preferred embodiments.
- a preferable content of the diamine of the above formula (d D'B ) is preferably 5 to 40 mol %, preferably 10 to 40 mol %, based on the total diamine component of the diamine component used in the production of the polymer (B). is more preferred.
- the diamine component used for producing the polymer (B) preferably contains a diamine represented by the following formula (d M ).
- (L M represents a single bond, —CH 2 —, —CO—, —O—, or —C(CH 3 ) 2 —.
- L M ′ is a single bond or —(CH 2 ) m — (m is is an integer of 1 to 2.
- Ar M represents a divalent benzene ring, any hydrogen atom on the ring may be replaced with a monovalent group.
- a plurality of Ar M are present , the plurality of Ar 2 M may be the same or different, each of the plurality of R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and n is an integer of 0 to 1.
- a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring of Ar M is a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a fluoroalkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, etc. may be
- diamine represented by the above formula (d M ) include p-phenylenediamine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, m -phenylenediamine, 2,4-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 3-aminobenzylamine, 4-aminobenzylamine, 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine , 4-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)aniline, 4-(2-aminoethyl)aniline, 2-(6-aminonaphthyl)ethylamine, 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3 ,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3′-dime
- the diamine (d M ) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the preferred content of the diamine of the above formula (d M ) is preferably 60 to 95 mol%, preferably 60 to 90 mol%, of the total diamine component of the diamine component used in the production of the polymer (B). more preferred.
- a diamine other than the diamine (d D'B ) and the diamine (d M ) (hereinafter also referred to as other diamine 2) may be used.
- a specific example of the other diamine 2 is a diamine component for obtaining the above polymer (A), which satisfies the above conditions (1) and (2).
- tetracarboxylic acid derivative component used in the production of the polymer (B) include the same compounds as those exemplified for the polymer (A), including preferred specific examples.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component used in the production of the polymer (B) is more preferably a tetracarboxylic acid derivative having the specific partial structure or a specific tetracarboxylic acid derivative, and the specific tetracarboxylic acid derivative Most preferably, the more preferred embodiment of is used.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative having the specific partial structure or the specific tetracarboxylic acid derivative is contained in an amount of 10 mol% or more with respect to all the tetracarboxylic acid derivative components used in the production of the polymer (B). is preferred, more preferably 20 mol% or more, and even more preferably 50 mol% or more.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component used in the production of the polymer (B) is the aromatic Group tetracarboxylic dianhydrides or derivatives thereof are preferably contained, and among these, tetracarboxylic dianhydrides having a benzene ring structure or derivatives thereof are preferred. More preferred are the aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides exemplified in the specific tetracarboxylic acid derivatives above, or derivatives thereof.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component used for producing the polymer (A) and the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component used for producing the polymer (B) may be the same or different.
- the content ratio of the polymer (A) and the polymer (B) is from 10/90 in terms of the mass ratio of [polymer (A)]/[polymer (B)].
- 90/10 is preferred, 20/80 to 90/10 is more preferred, and 20/80 to 80/20 is even more preferred.
- a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester used for producing the polymer (A) and polymer (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be synthesized, for example, by the following method.
- Synthesis of polyamic acid is carried out by reacting a diamine component containing the diamine and a tetracarboxylic acid derivative component containing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or its derivative in an organic solvent.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine used in the synthetic reaction of the polyamic acid is such that the acid anhydride group of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 0.5 to 2 per equivalent of the amino group of the diamine.
- a ratio that provides equivalents is preferred, and a ratio that provides 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents is more preferred.
- the reaction temperature in the polyamic acid synthesis reaction is preferably -20 to 150°C, more preferably 0 to 100°C.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 24 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 12 hours.
- the polyamic acid synthesis reaction can be carried out at any concentration, preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction can be carried out at a high concentration, and then the solvent can be added.
- organic solvent examples include cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
- methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene Solvents such as glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be used.
- Polyamic acid esters are produced by, for example, [I] a method of reacting the polyamic acid obtained by the above method with an esterifying agent, [II] a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine, [III] a tetracarboxylic acid It can be obtained by a known method such as a method of reacting a diester dihalide and a diamine.
- a polyimide can be obtained by ring-closing (imidizing) the polyimide precursor.
- the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the solution of the polyimide precursor is heated as it is, and catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the solution of the polyimide precursor.
- the temperature when the polyimide precursor is thermally imidized in the solution is usually 100 to 400° C., preferably 120 to 250° C., and the water generated by the imidization reaction is preferably removed from the system. .
- Catalytic imidization of the polyimide precursor is carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the solution of the polyimide precursor, preferably -20 to 250°C, more preferably stirring at 0 to 180°C. can be done.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is preferably 0.5 to 30 times the molar amount of the amic acid group, more preferably 2 to 20 times the molar amount, and the amount of the acid anhydride is preferably 1 to 50 times the molar amount of the amic acid group. It is preferably 3 to 30 molar times.
- Examples of basic catalysts include pyridine and triethylamine.
- acid anhydrides include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and pyromellitic anhydride.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidization can be controlled by adjusting the catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be put into a solvent to precipitate.
- Solvents used for precipitation include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the polyimide precursor and polyimide is preferably 1,000 to 500,000, more preferably 2,000 to 300,000. is.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) represented by the ratio of Mw to the polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight (Mn) measured by GPC is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less.
- a tetracarboxylic acid derivative component containing a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof, and a diamine component containing the diamine, together with an appropriate terminal blocking agent end-blocking A stop-type polymer may be synthesized.
- the end-blocking polymer has effects of improving the film hardness of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the coating film and improving the adhesion between the sealant and the alignment film.
- the terminal of the polyimide precursor or polyimide in the present invention include an amino group, a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride group, or a group derived from a terminal blocking agent to be described later.
- An amino group, a carboxyl group, and an acid anhydride group can be obtained by a normal condensation reaction, or can be obtained by terminal blocking using the following terminal blocking agents.
- Terminal blockers include, for example, acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, nadic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, 3-( 3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-3,4-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 4-ethynylphthalic anhydride, etc.
- Acid anhydrides dicarbonic acid diester compounds such as di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and diallyl dicarbonate; chlorocarbonyl compounds such as acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride and nicotinic acid chloride; aniline, 2-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 4 -aminosalicylic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid, 6-aminosalicylic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, cyclohexylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine, n-hexylamine, n - monoamine compounds such as heptylamine and n-octylamine; ethyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, naphthyl isocyanate, or having unsaturated bonds such as 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate and 2-methacryloy
- the proportion of the end blocking agent used is preferably 0.01 to 20 mol parts, more preferably 0.01 to 10 mol parts, per 100 mol parts in total of the diamine components used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a polymer (A), a polymer (B), and a crosslinkable compound (C) described below.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain other polymers in addition to the polymer (A) and polymer (B).
- Other polymer types include polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyorganosiloxanes, cellulose derivatives, polyacetals, polystyrene or derivatives thereof, poly(styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivatives, poly(meth)acrylates, and the like.
- Other polymers may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the other polymer is preferably 30 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1 to 25 parts by mass, and further 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to the total 100 parts by mass of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. preferable.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent is used to produce the liquid crystal alignment film, and takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film. Also in the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention, it is preferable that it is the form of the coating liquid containing an above-described polymer component and an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent contained in the coating liquid is not particularly limited as long as the polymer component is uniformly dissolved.
- Examples include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N,N-dimethyllacto Amide, N,N-dimethylpropionamide, tetramethylurea, N,N-diethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 1 ,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, N-(n-propyl) -2-pyrrolidone, N-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-(n
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide and ⁇ -butyrolactone are preferred.
- the content of the good solvent is preferably 20 to 99% by mass, more preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 80% by mass of the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is a mixture of the above solvents and a solvent (also referred to as a poor solvent) that improves the coatability and the surface smoothness of the coating film when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- a solvent also referred to as a poor solvent
- the use of solvents is preferred. Specific examples of the poor solvent used in combination are shown below, but are not limited thereto.
- the content of the poor solvent is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, particularly preferably 20 to 70% by mass, of the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the type and content of the poor solvent are appropriately selected according to the liquid crystal aligning agent coating device, coating conditions, coating environment, and the like.
- poor solvents examples include diisopropyl ether, diisobutyl ether, diisobutyl carbinol (2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, 1,2-butoxyethane, and diethylene glycol.
- dimethyl ether diethylene glycol diethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, 3-ethoxybutyl acetate, 1-methylpentyl acetate, 2-ethylbutyl acetate, 2- ethylhexyl acetate, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisoamyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, 1 -(2-butoxyethoxy)-2-propanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-1-propanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl
- diisobutyl carbinol propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene Glycol monobutyl ether acetate or diisobutyl ketone are preferred.
- Preferred solvent combinations of a good solvent and a poor solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2- Pyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone and propylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and propylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, N-ethyl-2- pyrrolidone and propylene glycol diacetate, N,N-dimethyllactamide and diisobutyl ketone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, N- Methy
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains the crosslinkable compound (C).
- the crosslinking reaction with the epoxy crosslinking agent proceeds during baking, so that the thermal imidization reaction, that is, the thermal imidization reaction of the imide precursor contained in the polymer (B) component is suppressed. Therefore, the resulting liquid crystal alignment film has a reduced imidized structure, so that a liquid crystal alignment film capable of reducing the generated charge in a short time while reducing the absolute value of the accumulated charge can be obtained.
- the content of the crosslinkable compound (C) in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. is 1 to 15 parts by mass.
- Specific examples of the crosslinkable compound (C) include N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-1,3-diamino Cyclohexane, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-1,4-diaminocyclohexane, bis(N,N-diglycidyl-4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, bis(N,N-diglycidyl-2-methyl-4 -aminocyclohexyl)methane, bis(N,N-diglycidyl-3-methyl-4-aminocyclohe
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may additionally contain components (hereinafter also referred to as additive components) other than the polymers (A) and (B) and the crosslinkable compound (C).
- additive components include an adhesion aid for enhancing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate and the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealant, and the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film other than the crosslinkable compound (C).
- other cross-linking compounds dielectric or conductive substances for adjusting the dielectric constant and electrical resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film, imidization accelerators, and the like.
- a crosslinkable compound (C1) which is a compound having an oxiranyl group other than the crosslinkable compound (C); At least one crosslinkable compound selected from the group consisting of a crosslinkable compound (C2) which is a compound having at least one substituent selected from; and a crosslinkable compound (C3) which is a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group compound.
- crosslinkable compound (C1) examples include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether.
- 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, 2,2-dibromoneopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3,5,6-tetraglycidyl-2,4-hexanediol, jER828 Mitsubishi Chemical bisphenol A type epoxy resins such as JER807 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), bisphenol F type epoxy resins such as JER807 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resins such as YX-8000 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), YX6954BH30 (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), phenol novolac type epoxy resins such as EPPN-201 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), and (o, m, p-) cresol novolacs such as EOCN-
- triglycidyl isocyanurates such as TEPIC (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.), alicyclic epoxy resins such as Celoxide 2021P (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-2,2'-dimethyl-4.4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2-bis[4-(N,N-diglycidyl-4- aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, tetrakis(glycidyloxymethyl)methane, paragraph [0037] of JP-A-10-338880 and compounds described in International Publication No.
- crosslinkable compounds (C2) and (C3) include compounds having two or more two or more oxetanyl groups described in paragraphs [0170] to [0175] of WO 2011/132751; AP Stable M, Coronate 2503, 2515, 2507, 2513, 2555, Millionate MS-50 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), Takenate B-830, B-815N, B-820NSU, B-842N, B-846N, B -870N, B-874N, compounds having a blocked isocyanate group such as B-882N (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.); 2,2'-bis(2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis(4-methyl- 2-oxazoline), 2,2′-bis(5-methyl-2-oxazoline), 1,2,4-tris-(2-oxazolinyl-2)-benzene, oxazolines such as Epocross (manufactured
- crosslinkable compounds are examples of crosslinkable compounds, and are not limited to these. Examples thereof include components other than those described above disclosed on pages 53 [0105] to 55 [0116] of WO2015/060357. In addition, two or more types of crosslinkable compounds may be combined.
- the content of the crosslinkable compounds (C1) to (C3) in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is 0.5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. It is preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass.
- adhesion aid examples include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N -(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxy
- the solid content concentration in the liquid crystal aligning agent (ratio of the total mass of components other than the solvent of the liquid crystal aligning agent to the total mass of the liquid crystal aligning agent) is appropriately selected in consideration of viscosity, volatility, etc., but preferably It ranges from 0.5 to 15% by mass, more preferably from 1 to 10% by mass.
- a particularly preferable solid content concentration range varies depending on the method used when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent to the substrate. For example, when the spinner method is used, the solid content concentration is particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 to 4.5% by mass.
- the printing method it is particularly preferable to set the solid content concentration in the range of 3 to 9% by mass, thereby setting the solution viscosity in the range of 12 to 50 mPa ⁇ s.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is obtained from the above liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention can be used for a horizontal alignment type or vertical alignment type (VA type) liquid crystal alignment film. membrane.
- VA type vertical alignment type
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention comprises the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, by a method including the following steps (1) to (3). (1) Step of applying a liquid crystal aligning agent onto a substrate On one surface of a substrate provided with a patterned transparent conductive film, the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied, for example, by a roll coater method, a spin coat method, a printing method, or an inkjet method.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is highly transparent, and in addition to a glass substrate and a silicon nitride substrate, a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can also be used.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used, and in this case, a light-reflecting material such as aluminum can be used for the electrodes.
- a substrate provided with electrodes made of a transparent conductive film or a metal film patterned in a comb shape and a counter substrate provided with no electrodes are used.
- preheating is preferably carried out first for the purpose of preventing dripping of the applied liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the prebaking temperature is preferably 30 to 200°C, more preferably 40 to 150°C, and particularly preferably 40 to 100°C.
- the pre-baking time is preferably 0.25-10 minutes, more preferably 0.5-5 minutes.
- a heating (post-baking) step is further carried out.
- the post-bake temperature is preferably 80-200°C, more preferably 120-180°C.
- the post-bake time is preferably 5-200 minutes, more preferably 10-100 minutes.
- the thickness of the film thus formed is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the coating film formed in the above step (1) or (2) can be used as it is as a liquid crystal alignment film, but the coating film may be subjected to an alignment ability imparting treatment.
- Alignment imparting treatment includes rubbing treatment in which the coating film is rubbed in a fixed direction with a roll wrapped with a cloth made of fibers such as nylon, rayon, cotton, etc., and photo-alignment treatment in which the coating film is irradiated with polarized or non-polarized radiation. processing and the like.
- ultraviolet rays and visible rays including light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm can be used as the radiation to irradiate the coating film.
- the radiation When the radiation is polarized, it may be linearly polarized or partially polarized. Further, when the radiation used is linearly polarized or partially polarized, the irradiation may be performed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, from an oblique direction, or a combination thereof. When non-polarized radiation is applied, the direction of irradiation is oblique.
- the following two methods are mentioned.
- the first method first, two substrates are arranged to face each other with a gap (cell gap) interposed therebetween so that the respective liquid crystal alignment films face each other.
- the peripheral portions of the two substrates are bonded together using a sealing agent, and the liquid crystal composition is injected and filled into the cell gap defined by the substrate surface and the sealing agent to contact the film surface, and then the injection hole is opened. Seal.
- the second method is a method called ODF (One Drop Fill) method.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- a predetermined place on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is coated with, for example, an ultraviolet light-curing sealant, and a liquid crystal composition is applied to several predetermined places on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film. drip.
- the other substrate is attached so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the liquid crystal composition is spread over the entire surface of the substrate and brought into contact with the film surface.
- the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant.
- the two substrates are arranged opposite to each other so that the rubbing directions of the respective coating films are at a predetermined angle, for example, orthogonal or antiparallel.
- the sealant for example, an epoxy resin or the like containing a curing agent and aluminum oxide spheres as spacers can be used.
- the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and may be a composition containing at least one liquid crystal compound (liquid crystal molecule) exhibiting a nematic phase (hereinafter also referred to as a nematic liquid crystal), or a liquid crystal exhibiting a smectic phase.
- a liquid crystal composition with a positive dielectric anisotropy is also referred to as a positive liquid crystal
- a liquid crystal composition with a negative dielectric anisotropy is also referred to as a negative liquid crystal.
- the above liquid crystal composition contains a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a fluorine atom-containing group (e.g., trifluoromethyl group), a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an isothiocyanate group, a heterocyclic ring, a cycloalkane,
- a liquid crystal compound having a cycloalkene, a steroid skeleton, a benzene ring, or a naphthalene ring may be included, and a compound having two or more rigid sites (mesogenic skeleton) exhibiting liquid crystallinity in the molecule (for example, two rigid biphenyl structures or terphenyl structures linked by alkyl groups).
- the liquid crystal composition may further contain an additive from the viewpoint of improving liquid crystal orientation.
- additives include photopolymerizable monomers such as compounds having a polymerizable group; optically active compounds (eg, S-811 manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd.); antioxidants; UV absorbers; dyes; antifoaming agents; polymerization initiators; or polymerization inhibitors.
- Positive liquid crystals include ZLI-2293, ZLI-4792, MLC-2003, MLC-2041, MLC-3019, and MLC-7081 manufactured by Merck.
- negative liquid crystal include MLC-6608, MLC-6609, MLC-6610, MLC-7026 and MLC-7026-100 manufactured by Merck.
- MLC-3023 manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd. can be mentioned.
- a liquid crystal display element can be obtained by bonding a polarizing plate to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell as necessary.
- a polarizing plate to be attached to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell for example, a polarizing film called "H film” in which iodine is absorbed while stretching orientation of polyvinyl alcohol is sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films.
- a polarizing plate made of the film itself can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention can be applied to various uses other than the liquid crystal alignment film for the above uses. It can also be used for a liquid crystal alignment film for a transmission scattering type liquid crystal light control device. Furthermore, applications other than liquid crystal alignment films, such as protective films (e.g. protective films for color filters), spacer films, interlayer insulating films, antireflection films, wiring coating films, antistatic films, motor insulating films (flexible It can also be used for a gate insulating film of a display).
- protective films e.g. protective films for color filters
- spacer films e.g. protective films for color filters
- interlayer insulating films e.g. antireflection films
- wiring coating films e.g. antistatic films
- motor insulating films flexible It can also be used for a gate insulating film of a display.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be effectively applied to various devices such as watches, portable games, word processors, notebook computers, car navigation systems, camcorders, PDAs, digital cameras, mobile phones, smart phones, It can be used for various display devices such as various monitors, liquid crystal televisions, and information displays.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- BCS butyl cellosolve (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)
- ⁇ Measurement of imidization rate Put 20 mg of polyimide powder in an NMR sample tube (NMR sampling tube standard, ⁇ 5 (manufactured by Kusano Kagaku)), deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 , 0.05% TMS (tetramethylsilane) mixture) (0 .53 mL) was added and sonicated until completely dissolved. This solution was subjected to proton NMR at 500 MHz using an NMR spectrometer (JNW-ECA500) (manufactured by JEOL Datum Co., Ltd.). For the imidization rate, a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidization is determined as a reference proton.
- JNW-ECA500 NMR spectrometer
- Imidation rate (%) (1- ⁇ x/y) x 100
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidization rate is 0%). is the number ratio of reference protons to
- A-1) was obtained.
- 80.0 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-A-1) obtained above was placed in a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stirrer, 70.0 g of NMP, 6.97 g of acetic anhydride, and 1 of pyridine. 80 g was added, stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then reacted at 55° C. for 3 hours. This reaction solution was poured into 560 g of methanol, and the obtained precipitate was filtered off. After washing the precipitate with methanol, it was dried under reduced pressure at a temperature of 60° C.
- polyimide powder The imidization rate of this polyimide was 75%. 9.00 g of this polyimide powder was taken into a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stirrer, 36.0 g of NMP was added, and the solution was stirred at 50° C. for 20 hours to dissolve the solid content at a concentration of 20% by mass. A solution of polyimide (PI-A-1) was obtained. Table 1 shows the types and amounts of diamines and tetracarboxylic acid derivatives used in preparing the polyimide (PI-A-1) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 1, the presence or absence of E-1, and the imidization rate. show.
- PAA-A-2 a polyamic acid solution
- PAA-A-2 a polyamic acid solution
- 100 g of the obtained polyamic acid solution was placed in a 200 mL Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a stirrer, 1.24 g (5.68 mmol) of E-1 was added, and the mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 15 hours.
- a solution of polyamic acid (PAA-A-3) was obtained.
- 100 g of the above (PAA-A-3) solution was placed in a 200 mL Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a stirrer, 66.7 g of NMP, 14.2 g of acetic anhydride, and 4.70 g of pyridine were added and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes.
- a liquid crystal cell having a configuration of a fringe field switching (FFS) mode liquid crystal display element was produced.
- a substrate with electrodes was prepared.
- the substrate was a glass substrate with a size of 30 mm ⁇ 35 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm.
- An ITO electrode having a solid pattern is formed as the first layer on the substrate to constitute the counter electrode, and the second layer is formed on the first layer counter electrode by the CVD method.
- a thin SiN (silicon nitride) film was formed.
- the SiN film of the second layer has a film thickness of 500 nm and functions as an interlayer insulating film.
- a comb-shaped pixel electrode formed by patterning an ITO film is arranged as a third layer, and two pixels of a first pixel and a second pixel are formed.
- the size of each pixel was 10 mm long and about 5 mm wide.
- the counter electrode of the first layer and the pixel electrode of the third layer were electrically insulated by the action of the SiN film of the second layer.
- the pixel electrode of the third layer has a comb shape in which a plurality of electrode elements each having a width of 3 ⁇ m and having a central portion bent at an internal angle of 160° are arranged in parallel with an interval of 6 ⁇ m.
- the pixel had a first region and a second region bounded by a line connecting bent portions of a plurality of electrode elements.
- the formation directions of the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes that constitute them are different. That is, when the direction connecting the bent portions of the plurality of electrode elements is taken as a reference, the electrode elements of the pixel electrode are formed so as to form an angle of 80° clockwise in the first region of the pixel, and the electrode elements of the pixel electrode are formed in the second region of the pixel.
- the electrode elements of the pixel electrode are formed so as to form an angle of 80° counterclockwise. That is, in the first region and the second region of each pixel, the directions of the rotational movement (in-plane switching) of the liquid crystal induced by the voltage application between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode in the plane of the substrate are mutually different. It was configured in the opposite direction.
- liquid crystal aligning agents (1) to (9) were each filtered through a filter with a pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m, and then applied to the prepared substrate with electrodes by spin coating. After drying on a hot plate at 80° C. for 5 minutes, baking was performed in an IR oven at 150° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a polyimide film with a film thickness of 60 nm.
- This polyimide film is subjected to rubbing alignment treatment with a rayon cloth (roller diameter: 120 mm, roller rotation speed: 1000 rpm, moving speed: 30 mm/sec, indentation length: 0.3 mm, rubbing direction: the above-mentioned plurality of pixel electrodes of the third layer).
- ultrasonic waves were applied in pure water for 1 minute for cleaning, and water droplets were removed by air blow. Then, it dried at 80 degreeC for 15 minutes, and obtained the board
- a glass substrate having columnar spacers with a height of 4 ⁇ m and having an ITO electrode formed on the back surface as a counter substrate was also treated in the same manner as described above to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film subjected to alignment treatment. rice field.
- a substrate with electrodes (a glass substrate with a size of 30 mm in width ⁇ 40 mm in length and a thickness of 1.1 mm, a glass A rectangular ITO electrode having a width of 10 mm, a length of 40 mm, and a thickness of 35 nm was formed on the substrate) by spin coating. After drying on a hot plate at 50° C. for 5 minutes, baking was performed in an IR oven at 150° C. for 20 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of 60 nm to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- This liquid crystal alignment film was subjected to rubbing alignment treatment with a rayon cloth (YA-20R manufactured by Yoshikawa Kako) (roller diameter: 120 mm, roller rotation speed: 1000 rpm, moving speed: 30 mm / sec, indentation length: 0.3 mm).
- the substrate was cleaned by irradiating ultrasonic waves for 1 minute inside, water droplets were removed by an air blow, and dried at 80° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a spacer of 4 ⁇ m was sprayed on the surface of one of the liquid crystal alignment films, and then a sealant (XN-1500T manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was printed thereon.
- heat treatment is performed at 150° C. for 60 minutes to harden the sealant to prepare an empty cell.
- a negative type liquid crystal MLC-7026-100 manufactured by Merck & Co. was injected into this empty cell by a vacuum injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain a liquid crystal cell. After that, the obtained liquid crystal cell was heated at 120° C. for 1 hour and allowed to stand at 23° C. overnight to obtain a liquid crystal cell for voltage holding ratio measurement.
- the liquid crystal cell was placed between two polarizing plates arranged so that the polarizing axes were perpendicular to each other, and the backlight was turned on with no voltage applied so that the brightness of the transmitted light was minimized.
- the arrangement angle of the liquid crystal cell was adjusted. Then, the rotation angle when the liquid crystal cell was rotated from the angle at which the second region of the first pixel was the darkest to the angle at which the first region was the darkest was calculated as the angle ⁇ .
- the angle ⁇ was similarly calculated by comparing the second region and the first region.
- the stability of the liquid crystal alignment was defined as "good" when the angle ⁇ was less than 0.4°, and was defined as “poor” when the angle ⁇ was 0.4° or more. Table 4 shows the evaluation results.
- a liquid crystal cell fabricated in the same manner as described above (Fabrication of FFS liquid crystal display element) was placed between two polarizing plates arranged so that their polarization axes were orthogonal to each other, and opposed to the pixel electrode.
- the LED backlight is irradiated from below the two polarizing plates with the electrode shorted and at the same potential, and the brightness of the LED backlight transmitted light measured on the two polarizing plates is the minimum.
- the angle of the liquid crystal cell was adjusted so that Next, a VT curve (voltage-transmittance curve) was measured while an AC voltage having a frequency of 60 Hz was applied to the liquid crystal cell, and the AC voltage at which the relative transmittance was 23% was calculated as the driving voltage.
- the liquid crystal cell was driven by applying an AC voltage with a frequency of 60 Hz, which gave a relative transmittance of 23%, and at the same time, a DC voltage of 1 V was applied to drive the liquid crystal cell for 120 minutes. After that, the application of only the DC voltage was stopped, and the device was driven with only the AC voltage for another 15 minutes.
- VT curve voltage-transmittance curve
- the liquid crystal cell was driven for 60 minutes by applying an AC voltage with a frequency of 60 Hz at which the relative transmittance was 100%.
- an AC voltage having a relative transmittance of 23% was applied, and an applied voltage capable of minimizing display flicker was measured while sweeping the DC voltage.
- the absolute value of the applied voltage that can minimize this display flicker was defined as the amount of charge accumulation, and when this value exceeded 100 mV, it was defined as “bad", and when it was 100 mV or less, it was defined as "good”.
- the afterimage evaluation according to the method described above was performed under temperature conditions in which the temperature of the liquid crystal cell was 40°C. Table 4 shows the evaluation results.
- Liquid crystal aligning agents (1) to (9) were each applied to an ITO substrate by spin coating. After drying on a hot plate at 60° C. for 1 minute and 30 seconds, baking was performed in an IR oven at 150° C. for 20 minutes to form a coating film with a thickness of 100 nm. After that, the liquid crystal alignment film is rubbed twice with a rayon cloth (Yoshikawa Kako YA-20R) (roller diameter: 120 mm, roller rotation speed: 1000 rpm, moving speed: 20 mm / sec, pushing length: 0.5 mm) twice. When the surface of the film was observed with a confocal laser microscope, the film surface was evaluated as "bad” if there were scratches, and as "good” if there were no scratches. Table 4 shows the evaluation results.
- Table 4 below shows the evaluation results of the liquid crystal display elements using the liquid crystal aligning agents of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 as described above.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is useful for forming liquid crystal alignment films in a wide range of liquid crystal display devices such as IPS drive system and FFS drive system.
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Abstract
Description
近年、液晶表示素子の高性能化に伴い、大画面で高精細の液晶テレビなどの用途に加えて、車載用、例えば、カーナビゲーションシステムやメーターパネル、監視用カメラや医療用カメラのモニターなどに液晶表示素子が用いられており、視野角特性の需要から液晶分子の駆動方式の中でも視野角特性に優れるIPS方式、FFS方式が検討されており、ラビング配向膜でもポリイミド系液晶配向膜が提案されている(特許文献3参照)。
また、IPS方式、FFS方式の液晶表示素子では、静電気が液晶セル内に蓄積されやすく、これらの蓄積された電荷が液晶配向の乱れや残像として表示に影響を与え、液晶表示素子の表示品位を著しく低下させる。そのため、発生した電荷を短時間で低減でき、且つ、蓄積電荷の絶対値を低減する液晶配向膜が求められている。これらの課題解決にあたり、特許文献4には、芳香族テトラカルボン酸残基を有する構造単位と、脂環式テトラカルボン酸残基を有する構造単位とを有するポリアミック酸又はポリイミドを含有する液晶配向剤が提案され、特許文献5には、ジフェニルアミン骨格を有するポリイミド前駆体を含有する液晶配向剤が提案されている。
加えて、近年では意匠性を高める観点から、PETフィルムやポリカーボネートフィルムを基材として用いたフレキシブル液晶素子が検討されており、液晶配向膜を形成する際の基板の焼成温度が200℃未満である低温焼成プロセスに適した液晶配向膜材料が提案されている(特許文献6参照)。
しかし、本願発明者が検討した結果、液晶材料としてネガ型液晶を用いると、表示不良(線焼き付き)の発生率が高く、表示品位に優れた液晶表示素子を得ることができなくなることが分かった。
また、IPS方式、FFS方式の液晶セルは、液晶配向の安定性が小さいと、液晶を長時間駆動させた際に液晶が初期の状態に戻らなくなり、コントラスト低下や残像の原因となるため、液晶配向の安定性が重要である。加えて、最近の高輝度の液晶表示素子では、バックライトの輝度が高くなり蓄積電荷による残像の視認性も高くなっているため、従来に増して、蓄積電荷の絶対値を低減しつつ、発生した電荷を短時間で低減できる液晶配向膜が必要である。
一方、上記の表示不良や低温焼成プロセスに対応するため、特許文献6に記載されるようにポリイミドに第三級アミン構造を有するエポキシ系化合物を添加した液晶配向剤を検討したところ、配向処理時にポリイミド膜の削れが発生しやすいことが分かり、従来技術でこれらすべての課題を解決することが困難となっていた。
下記の重合体(A)、重合体(B)及び架橋性化合物(C)を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
重合体(A):下記式(d0)で表されるジアミン及び下記式(dD)で表されるジアミンを含有するジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分との反応物であるポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミド。
重合体(B):「H-N(R)-YD’-N(R)-H」(YD’は、分子内に基「-N(D’)-」(D’は、加熱によって脱離して水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。)を有する2価の有機基を表す。Rは式(dD)のRと同義である。)で表されるジアミン(dD’B)と下記式(dB)で表されるジアミン(但し、ジアミン(dD’B)を除く。)で構成されるジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分との反応物であるポリイミド前駆体。但し、該ポリイミド前駆体はイミド環構造を有しない。
架橋性化合物(C):下記式(En)で表されるエポキシ系化合物。
Loは-O-(-Ar’-O-)n-(nは0~3の整数である。Ar’は2価のベンゼン環、ビフェニル構造を表し、前記環上の任意の水素原子は1価の基で置き換えられてもよい。Ar’が複数ある場合、複数個のAr’は同一でも異なってもよい。)、-(CH2)n-(nは2~18の整数である。)、又は該-(CH2)n-の-CH2-の少なくとも一部を-O-、-C(=O)-又は-O-C(=O)-のいずれかで置き換えた基を表す。
式(dD)中、YDは、分子内に基「-N(D)-」(Dは、加熱によって脱離して水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。)を有する2価の有機基を表す。
式(d0)及び式(dD)中、複数のRは、それぞれ独立して水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。)
条件(1):窒素原子を含む複素環及び第二級又は第三級のアミノ基(但し、基「-N(D’)-」(D’は加熱によって脱離し水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。)に由来するアミノ基を除く。)からなる群から選ばれる窒素原子含有構造を有しない。
条件(2):炭素数6以上の側鎖基を有しない。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記式(d0)で表されるジアミン及び上記式(dD)で表されるジアミンを含有するジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分との反応物であるポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られる、ポリイミドである重合体(A)を含有する。上記の態様とすることで、熱イミド化に必要な高温処理が不要となる。また、特定のジアミン成分を含有するため、得られる液晶配向膜は、液晶配向の安定性が高く、また、表示不良(線焼き付き)の発生率が低い液晶表示素子が得られる。
上記重合体(A)は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物を含有するテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分と特定のジアミンを含有するジアミン成分から得られるポリイミド前駆体をイミド化することにより得られる。重合体(A)におけるポリイミドのイミド化率は、表示不良の発生率を低くする観点から10~100%が好ましい。また、イミド化率の下限値は10%が好ましく、20%がより好ましく、50%が更に好ましく、70%が最も好ましく、イミド化率の上限値は100%が好ましく、99%がより好ましく、95%がさらに好ましい。以下に、重合体(A)の製造に用いられる材料の具体例及び製造方法を詳述する。
その他のジアミン1としては、p-フェニレンジアミン、2,3,5,6-テトラメチル-p-フェニレンジアミン、2,5-ジメチル-p-フェニレンジアミン、m-フェニレンジアミン、2,4-ジメチル-m-フェニレンジアミン、2,5-ジアミノトルエン、2,6-ジアミノトルエン、4-アミノベンジルアミン、2-(4-アミノフェニル)エチルアミン、4-(2-(メチルアミノ)エチル)アニリン、4-(2-アミノエチル)アニリン、2-(6-アミノナフチル)エチルアミン、2,2’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジメトキシ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジヒドロキシ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ジフルオロ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジフルオロ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,3’-ジアミノビフェニル、1,5-ジアミノナフタレン、1,6-ジアミノナフタレン、1,7-ジアミノナフタレン、2,5-ジアミノナフタレン、2,6-ジアミノナフタレン、2,7-ジアミノナフタレン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-スルホニルジアニリン、3,3’-スルホニルジアニリン、ビス(4-アミノフェニル)シラン、ビス(3-アミノフェニル)シラン、ジメチル-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)シラン、ジメチル-ビス(3-アミノフェニル)シラン、4,4’-チオジアニリン、3,3’-チオジアニリン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、1,4-フェニレンビス(4-アミノベンゾエート)、1,4-フェニレンビス(3-アミノベンゾエート)、1,3-フェニレンビス(4-アミノベンゾエート)、1,3-フェニレンビス(3-アミノベンゾエート)、ビス(4-アミノフェニル)テレフタレート、ビス(3-アミノフェニル)テレフタレート、ビス(4-アミノフェニル)イソフタレート、ビス(3-アミノフェニル)イソフタレート;4,4’-ジアミノアゾベンゼン又はジアミノトランなどの光配向性基を有するジアミン;メタクリル酸2-(2,4-ジアミノフェノキシ)エチル又は2,4-ジアミノ-N,N-ジアリルアニリン等の光重合性基を末端に有するジアミン;1-(4-(2-(2,4-ジアミノフェノキシ)エトキシ)フェニル)-2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロパノン、2-(4-(2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロパノイル)フェノキシ)エチル-3,5-ジアミノベンゾエートなどのラジカル重合開始剤機能を有するジアミン;4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリドなどのアミド結合を有するジアミン;1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ウレア、1,3-ビス(4-アミノベンジル)ウレア、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェネチル)ウレアなどのウレア結合を有するジアミン;2,2’-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン、2,2’-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’-ビス(3-アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’-ビス(3-アミノ-4-メチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)プロパン、2,2’-ビス(3-アミノフェニル)プロパン、2,2’-ビス(3-アミノ-4-メチルフェニル)プロパン、4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノベンジル)ベンゼン;2,6-ジアミノピリジン、3,4-ジアミノピリジン、2,4-ジアミノピリミジン、3,6-ジアミノカルバゾール、N-メチル-3,6-ジアミノカルバゾール、1,4-ビス-(4-アミノフェニル)-ピペラジン、3,6-ジアミノアクリジン、N-エチル-3,6-ジアミノカルバゾール、N-フェニル-3,6-ジアミノカルバゾール、N-(3-(1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)プロピル-3,5-ジアミノベンズアミド、4-[4-[(4-アミノフェノキシ)メチル]-4,5-ジヒドロ-4-メチル-2-オキサゾリル]-ベンゼンアミン、若しくは下記式(z-1)~式(z-13)で表されるジアミンなどの複素環含有ジアミン、又は、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニル-N-メチルアミン、N,N’-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)-ベンジジン、N,N’-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)-N,N’-ジメチルベンジジン、若しくは、N,N’-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)-N,N’-ジメチル-1,4-ベンゼンジアミンなどのジフェニルアミン構造を有するジアミンに代表される、窒素原子を含む複素環、第二級又は第三級のアミノ基よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の窒素原子含有構造(但し、基「-N(D)-」(Dは加熱によって脱離し水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。)に由来するアミノ基を除く。以下、特定の窒素原子含有構造ともいう。)を有するジアミン;2,4-ジアミノフェノール、3,5-ジアミノフェノール、3,5-ジアミノベンジルアルコール、2,4-ジアミノベンジルアルコール、4,6-ジアミノレゾルシノール、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル;2,4-ジアミノ安息香酸、2,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル-3-カルボン酸、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン-3-カルボン酸、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエタン-3-カルボン酸、4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル-3,3’-ジカルボン酸、4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル-2,2’-ジカルボン酸、3,3’-ジアミノビフェニル-4,4’-ジカルボン酸、3,3’-ジアミノビフェニル-2,4’-ジカルボン酸、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン-3,3’-ジカルボン酸、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエタン-3,3’-ジカルボン酸、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル-3,3’-ジカルボン酸などのカルボキシ基を有するジアミン;1-(4-アミノフェニル)-1,3,3-トリメチル-1H-インダン-5-アミン、1-(4-アミノフェニル)-2,3-ジヒドロ-1,3,3-トリメチル-1H-インデン-6-アミン;コレスタニルオキシ-3,5-ジアミノベンゼン、コレステニルオキシ-3,5-ジアミノベンゼン、コレスタニルオキシ-2,4-ジアミノベンゼン、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸コレスタニル、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸コレステニル、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸ラノスタニル及び3,6-ビス(4-アミノベンゾイルオキシ)コレスタン等のステロイド骨格を有するジアミン;下記式(V-1)~(V-2)で表されるジアミン;1,3-ビス(3-アミノプロピル)-テトラメチルジシロキサン等のシロキサン結合を有するジアミン;メタキシリレンジアミン、1,3-プロパンジアミン、テトラメチレンジアミン、ペンタメチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン等の非環式脂肪族ジアミン;1,3-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、4,4’-メチレンビス(シクロヘキシルアミン)等の脂環式ジアミン;国際公開第2018/117239号に記載の式(Y-1)~(Y-167)のいずれかで表される基に2つのアミノ基が結合したジアミン等、が挙げられる。
式(V-2)中、X2は-O-、-CH2O-、-CH2-OCO-、-COO-、又は-OCO-を表す。R2は、炭素数1~20のフッ素原子含有アルキル基、炭素数3~20のアルキル基を表す。
上記式中、m、n、X1、R1が2つ存在する場合、それぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。)
本発明の重合体(A)の製造に用いられるテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物だけでなく、その誘導体である、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド化合物、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライド等も用いることができる。前記テトラカルボン酸誘導体成分は、一種のテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
なお、芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、芳香環に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。
非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、鎖状炭化水素構造に結合する4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、鎖状炭化水素構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に脂環式構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。
脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、脂環式構造に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、これら4つのカルボキシ基はいずれも芳香環には結合していない。また、脂環式構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に鎖状炭化水素構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。
上記重合体(A)の合成に用いることのできるテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分としては、好ましくは、以下のテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体(以下、これらを総称して特定のテトラカルボン酸誘導体ともいう。)を含む。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、「H-N(R)-YD’-N(R)-H」(YD’は、分子内に基「-N(D’)-」(D’は、加熱によって脱離して水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。)を有する2価の有機基を表す。Rは式(dD)のRと同義である。)で表されるジアミン(dD’B)と上記式(dB)で表されるジアミン(但し、ジアミン(dD’B)を除く。)で構成されるジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分との反応物であるポリイミド前駆体である重合体(B)を含有する。但し、上記重合体(B)は、該ポリイミド前駆体はイミド環構造を有しない。
重合体(B)の製造に用いるジアミン成分に、上記ジアミン(dD’B)を含有させることで、液晶配向膜とした際に、重合体(A)に由来するポリイミド層に重合体(B)を偏在させることが可能となる。したがって、重合体(B)が有する膜強度の改善効果が高まり、配向処理時の膜の削れが抑制される。
また、重合体(B)の製造に用いるジアミン成分は、上記式(dB)で表されるジアミンを含む。ここで、ジアミン(dB)に含まれる2価の有機基YBは、上記条件(1)及び条件(2)を満たす。
条件(1)の態様とすることで、重合体の塩基性度が低下し、重合体(B)の熱イミド化反応が抑制されるため、膜強度の高い液晶配向膜を得ることが可能となる。また、条件(2)の態様とすることで、IPS方式、FFS方式において液晶の配向規制力が高くなり、得られる液晶配向膜の配向安定性を高めることが可能となる。
ここで、窒素原子を含む複素環及び第二級又は第三級のアミノ基(但し、基「-N(D’)-」に由来するアミノ基を除く。)からなる群から選ばれる窒素原子含有構造を有する2価の有機基に、基「-NHR」(Rは上記式(dB)におけるRと同義である。)が2つ結合したジアミンとして、上記重合体(A)のその他のジアミン1で例示した特定の窒素原子含有構造を有するジアミンが挙げられる。
上記式(dB)で表されるジアミンのより好ましい具体例としては、後述する式(dM)で表されるジアミン、上記式(d0-1)~(d0-10)で表される化合物、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、1,4-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェノキシ]ベンゼン、1,2-ビス(6-アミノ-2-ナフチルオキシ)エタン、1,2-ビス(6-アミノ-2-ナフチル)エタン、及び6-[2-(4-アミノフェノキシ)エトキシ]-2-ナフチルアミン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、1,4-フェニレンビス(4-アミノベンゾエート)、1,4-フェニレンビス(3-アミノベンゾエート)、1,3-フェニレンビス(4-アミノベンゾエート)、1,3-フェニレンビス(3-アミノベンゾエート)、ビス(4-アミノフェニル)テレフタレート、ビス(3-アミノフェニル)テレフタレート、ビス(4-アミノフェニル)イソフタレート、ビス(3-アミノフェニル)イソフタレート、上記光配向性基を有するジアミン、上記アミド結合を有するジアミン、上記ウレア結合を有するジアミン、又は1,4-ビス(4-アミノベンジル)ベンゼンなどが挙げられる。
また、基「-N(D’)-」のD’の具体例は、好ましい態様を含めて上記基「-N(D)-」のDで例示した構造が挙げられる。
上記式(dD’B)のジアミンの好ましい含有量は、重合体(B)の製造に用いるジアミン成分の全ジアミン成分に対して5~40モル%であることが好ましく、10~40モル%がより好ましい。
上記式(dM)のジアミンの好ましい含有量は、重合体(B)の製造に用いるジアミン成分の全ジアミン成分の60~95モル%であることが好ましく、60~90モル%であることがより好ましい。
また、蓄積電荷の絶対値を低減しつつ、発生した電荷を短時間で低減できる液晶配向膜が得られる観点から、上記重合体(B)の製造に用いられるテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分は、上記芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体を含有することが好ましく、中でも、ベンゼン環構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体が好ましい。より好ましくは、上記特定のテトラカルボン酸誘導体で例示した芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体である。
重合体(A)の製造に用いられるテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分と、重合体(B)の製造に用いられるテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分とは、同一であっても良く、異なっていても良い。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体(A)及び重合体(B)の製造に用いられるポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルなどのポリイミド前駆体は、例えば、下記の方法で合成出来る。
ポリアミック酸の合成は、上記ジアミンを含むジアミン成分と、上記テトラカルボン酸二無水物またはその誘導体を含むテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分とを有機溶媒中で反応させることにより行われる。ポリアミック酸の合成反応に供されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとの使用割合は、ジアミンのアミノ基1当量に対して、テトラカルボン酸二無水物の酸無水物基が0.5~2当量となる割合が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.8~1.2当量となる割合である。通常の重縮合反応と同様に、このテトラカルボン酸二無水物の酸無水物基の当量が1当量に近いほど、生成するポリアミック酸の分子量は大きくなる。
ポリアミック酸の合成反応における反応温度は-20~150℃が好ましく、0~100℃がより好ましい。また、反応時間は0.1~24時間が好ましく、0.5~12時間がより好ましい。
ポリアミック酸の合成反応は任意の濃度で行うことができるが、好ましくは1~50質量%、より好ましくは5~30質量%である。反応初期は高濃度で行い、その後、溶媒を追加することもできる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、例えば、[I]上記の方法で得られたポリアミック酸とエステル化剤とを反応させる方法、[II]テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンとを反応させる方法、[III]テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジハロゲン化物とジアミンとを反応させる方法、などの既知の方法によって得ることができる。
上記ポリイミド前駆体を閉環(イミド化)させることによりポリイミドを得ることができる。ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させる方法としては、ポリイミド前駆体の溶液をそのまま加熱する熱イミド化又はポリイミド前駆体の溶液に触媒を添加する触媒イミド化が挙げられる。
本発明におけるポリイミド前駆体やポリイミドを合成するに際して、テトラカルボン酸二無水物またはその誘導体を含むテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分、及び上記ジアミンを含むジアミン成分とともに、適当な末端封止剤を用いて末端封止型の重合体を合成することとしてもよい。末端封止型の重合体は、塗膜によって得られる液晶配向膜の膜硬度の向上や、シール剤と配向膜の密着性の向上という効果を有する。
本発明におけるポリイミド前駆体やポリイミドの末端の例としては、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基又は後述する末端封止剤に由来する基が挙げられる。アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基は通常の縮合反応により得るか、又は以下の末端封止剤を用いて末端を封止することにより得ることができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、重合体(A)及び重合体(B)並びに後述の架橋性化合物(C)を含有する。本発明の液晶配向剤は、重合体(A)及び重合体(B)に加えて、その他の重合体を含有していてもよい。その他の重合体の種類としては、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン又はその誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートなどを挙げることができる。
その他の重合体は、一種を単独で使用してもよく、また二種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。その他の重合体の含有割合は、液晶配向剤中に含まれる重合体の合計100質量部に対して、30質量部以下が好ましく、1~25質量部がより好ましく、1~20質量部が更に好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記架橋性化合物(C)を含有する。上記の態様とすることで、焼成時にエポキシ架橋剤との架橋反応が進行するため、熱イミド化反応、即ち重合体(B)成分に含まれるイミド前駆体の熱イミド化反応が抑制される。そのため、得られる液晶配向膜は、イミド化した構造が減少するため、蓄積電荷の絶対値を低減しつつ、発生した電荷を短時間で低減できる液晶配向膜が得られる。
本発明の液晶配向剤における、架橋性化合物(C)の含有量は、液晶配向剤に含まれる重合体成分100質量部に対して、0.5~20質量部であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1~15質量部である。
上記架橋性化合物(C)の具体例として、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,2-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,3-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,4-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、ビス(N,N-ジグリシジル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス(N,N-ジグリシジル-2-メチル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス(N,N-ジグリシジル-3-メチル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、1,3-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)ベンゼン、1,3,5-トリス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3,5-トリス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)ベンゼン、下記式(EN-1)~(EN-5)で表される化合物などを挙げることができる。架橋性化合物(C)は1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記架橋性化合物(C2)及び(C3)の具体例としては、国際公開2011/132751号公報の段落[0170]~[0175]に記載の2個以上のオキセタニル基を2つ以上有する化合物;コロネートAPステーブルM、コロネート2503、2515、2507、2513、2555、ミリオネートMS-50(以上、東ソー社製)、タケネートB-830、B-815N、B-820NSU、B-842N、B-846N、B-870N、B-874N、B-882N(以上、三井化学社製)等のブロックイソシアネート基を有する化合物;2,2’-ビス(2-オキサゾリン)、2,2’-ビス(4-メチル-2-オキサゾリン)、2,2’-ビス(5-メチル-2-オキサゾリン)、1,2,4-トリス-(2-オキサゾリニル-2)-ベンゼン、エポクロス(日本触媒社製)のようなオキサゾリン基を有する化合物;国際公開2011/155577号公報の段落[0025]~[0030]、[0032]に記載のシクロカーボネート基を有する化合物;n,n,n’,n’-テトラキス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)アジポアミド、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジヒドロキシメチルフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジメトキシメチルフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジヒドロキシメチルフェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパンなどのヒドロキシ基やアルコキシ基を有する化合物;グリセリンモノ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリンジ(メタ)アクリレート(1,2-,1,3-体混合物)、グリセリントリス(メタ)アクリレート、グリセロール 1,3-ジグリセロラート ジ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリストール トリ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキサエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレートが挙げられる。
特に好ましい固形分濃度の範囲は、基板に液晶配向剤を塗布する際に用いる方法によって異なる。例えばスピンナー法による場合、固形分濃度は1.5~4.5質量%の範囲が特に好ましい。印刷法による場合には、固形分濃度を3~9質量%の範囲とし、それにより溶液粘度を12~50mPa・sの範囲とすることが特に好ましい。インクジェット法による場合には、固形分濃度を1~5質量%の範囲とし、それにより、溶液粘度を3~15mPa・sの範囲とすることが特に好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる。本発明の液晶配向膜は、水平配向型若しくは垂直配向型(VA型)の液晶配向膜に用いることができるが、中でもIPS方式又はFFS方式等の水平配向型の液晶表示素子に好適な液晶配向膜である。本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向膜を具備するものである。本発明の液晶表示素子は、例えば以下の工程(1)~(3)を含む方法により製造することができる。
(1)液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程
パターニングされた透明導電膜が設けられている基板の一面に、本発明の液晶配向剤を、例えばロールコーター法、スピンコート法、印刷法、インクジェット法などの適宜の塗布方法により塗布する。ここで基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板とともに、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることもできる。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。また、IPS方式又はFFS方式の液晶表示素子を製造する場合には、櫛歯型にパターニングされた透明導電膜又は金属膜からなる電極が設けられている基板と、電極が設けられていない対向基板とを用いる。
(2)塗膜を焼成する工程
液晶配向剤塗布後、塗布した液晶配向剤の液垂れ防止等の目的で、好ましくは先ず予備加熱(プレベーク)が実施される。プレベーク温度は、好ましくは30~200℃であり、より好ましくは40~150℃であり、特に好ましくは40~100℃である。プレベーク時間は好ましくは0.25~10分であり、より好ましくは0.5~5分である。そして、さらに加熱(ポストベーク)工程が実施されることが好ましい。このポストベーク温度は好ましくは80~200℃であり、より好ましくは120~180℃である。ポストベーク時間は好ましくは5~200分であり、より好ましくは10~100分である。このようにして形成される膜の膜厚は、5~300nmが好ましく、10~200nmがより好ましい。
(3)液晶セルを作製する工程
上記のようにして液晶配向膜が形成された基板を2枚準備し、対向配置した2枚の基板間に液晶を配置する。具体的には以下の2つの方法が挙げられる。第一の方法は、先ず、それぞれの液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して2枚の基板を対向配置する。次いで、2枚の基板の周辺部を、シール剤を用いて貼り合わせ、基板表面及びシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶組成物を注入充填して膜面に接触した後、注入孔を封止する。
なお、塗膜に対してラビング処理を行った場合には、2枚の基板は、各塗膜におけるラビング方向が互いに所定の角度、例えば直交又は逆平行となるように対向配置される。
シール剤としては、例えば硬化剤及びスペーサーとしての酸化アルミニウム球を含有するエポキシ樹脂等を用いることができる。液晶組成物としては、特に制限はなく、少なくとも一種の液晶化合物(液晶分子)を含む組成物であって、ネマチック相を呈する液晶組成物(以下、ネマチック液晶ともいう。)、スメクチック相を呈する液晶組成物、及びスメクチック液晶組成物を挙げることができ、その中でもネマチック液晶が好ましい。また、誘電率異方性が正または負の各種の液晶組成物を用いることができる。なお、以下では、誘電率異方性が正の液晶組成物を、ポジ型液晶ともいい、誘電率異方性が負の液晶組成物を、ネガ型液晶ともいう。
上記液晶組成物は、フッ素原子、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、フッ素原子含有基(例えば、トリフルオロメチル基)、シアノ基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルケニル基、イソチオシアネート基、複素環、シクロアルカン、シクロアルケン、ステロイド骨格、ベンゼン環、又はナフタレン環を有する液晶化合物を含んでもよく、分子内に液晶性を発現する剛直な部位(メソゲン骨格)を2つ以上有する化合物(例えば、剛直な二つのビフェニル構造、又はターフェニル構造がアルキル基で連結されたバイメソゲン化合物)を含んでもよい。
また、上記液晶組成物は、液晶配向性を向上させる観点から、添加物をさらに含有してもよい。このような添加物は、重合性基を有する化合物などの光重合性モノマー;光学活性な化合物(例:メルク(株)社製のS-811など);酸化防止剤;紫外線吸収剤;色素;消泡剤;重合開始剤;又は重合禁止剤などが挙げられる。
ポジ型液晶としては、メルク社製のZLI-2293、ZLI-4792、MLC-2003、MLC-2041、MLC-3019、又はMLC-7081などが挙げられる。
ネガ型液晶としては、例えばメルク社製のMLC-6608、MLC-6609、MLC-6610、MLC-7026、又はMLC-7026-100などが挙げられる。
また、重合性基を有する化合物を含有する液晶として、メルク社製のMLC-3023が挙げられる。
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ(エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル)
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53mL)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5ppm~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
<合成例1>
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの300mLの四つ口フラスコに、DA-2を8.60g(35.2mmol)、DA-4を5.34g(9.59mmol)、及びDA-3を7.65g(19.1mmol)量り取り、NMPを固形分濃度が12質量%となるように加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1を9.32g(41.6mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを固形分濃度が15質量%となるように加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で3時間撹拌した。さらに、CA-2を2.82g(14.3mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを固形分濃度が15質量%となるように加え、窒素雰囲気下23℃で4時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-A-1)を得た。
撹拌子の入った300mL三角フラスコに、上記で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-A-1)を80.0g分取し、NMPを70.0g、無水酢酸を6.97g、及びピリジンを1.80g加え、室温で30分間撹拌した後、55℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液を560gのメタノール中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄した後、温度60℃で減圧乾燥し、ポリイミドの粉末を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は、75%であった。
撹拌子の入った300mL三角フラスコに、このポリイミドの粉末を9.00g分取し、NMPを36.0g加えて、50℃にて20時間撹拌して溶解させ、固形分濃度が20質量%のポリイミド(PI-A-1)の溶液を得た。
合成例1で得られたポリイミド(PI-A-1)の溶液を作製する際に使用したジアミン及びテトラカルボン酸誘導体の種類及び使用量、E-1の有無、並びにイミド化率を表1に示す。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの200mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を8.04g(40.2mmol)、DA-3を4.36g(10.9mmol)、及びDA-4を12.2g(21.9mmol)量り取り、NMPを98.4g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-3を9.40g(47.4mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを37.6g加え、窒素雰囲気下50℃で2時間撹拌した。さらに、CA-2を4.65g(23.7mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを18.6g加え、窒素雰囲気下23℃で2時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸の溶液(PAA-A-2)を得た。
撹拌子の入った200mL三角フラスコに得られた上記ポリアミック酸の溶液を100g分取し、E-1を1.24g(5.68mmol)添加し、40℃で15時間撹拌し、末端封止されたポリアミック酸(PAA-A-3)の溶液を得た。
撹拌子の入った200mL三角フラスコに、上記(PAA-A-3)の溶液を100g分取し、NMPを66.7g、無水酢酸を14.2g、ピリジンを4.70g加え、室温で30分間撹拌した後、60℃で4時間反応させた。この反応溶液を650gのメタノール中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄した後、温度80℃で減圧乾燥し、ポリイミドの粉末(イミド化率:89%)を得た。
さらに、撹拌子の入った100mL三角フラスコに、このポリイミドの粉末を9.60g分取し、NMPを70.4g加えて、70℃にて24時間撹拌して溶解させ、固形分濃度が12質量%のポリイミド(PI-A-2)の溶液を得た。
合成例2で得られたポリイミド(PI-A-2)の溶液を作製する際に使用したジアミン及びテトラカルボン酸誘導体の種類及び使用量、E-1の有無、並びにイミド化率を表1に示す。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの1Lの四つ口フラスコに、DA-3を38.26g(96.0mmol)、及びDA-8を44.41g(224.0mmol)を量り取り、固形分濃度が12質量%となるように、NMPを606.2g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-2を48.32g(246.4mmol)とNMPを166.1g加え、窒素雰囲気下水冷下で2時間撹拌した。さらに、CA-4を18.83g(64.0mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを76.6g加え、窒素雰囲気下50℃で15時間撹拌し、固形分濃度が15質量%となるポリアミック酸(PAA-B-1)の溶液を得た。
下記表2に示す、ジアミン及びテトラカルボン酸誘導体を使用し、それぞれ、合成例3と同じ有機溶媒を使用して、合成例3と同様の手順で実施することにより、下記表2に示すポリアミック酸(PAA-B-2)~(PAA-B-5)の溶液を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの1Lの四つ口フラスコに、DA-8を39.65g(200.0mmol)、及びDA-5を42.66g(200.0mmol)を量りとり、固形分濃度が12%質量となるように、NMPを603.6g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-2を74.52g(380.0mmol)とNMPを285.1g加え、窒素雰囲気下水冷下で4時間撹拌し、固形分濃度が15質量%となるポリアミック酸(PAA-B-6)の溶液を得た。
合成例8で得られたポリアミック酸(PAA-B-6)の溶液を作製する際に使用したジアミン及びテトラカルボン酸誘導体の種類及び使用量を表2に示す。
<実施例1~4、比較例1~5>
200mLの三角フラスコに、合成例1~8で得られたポリアミック酸及びポリイミドの溶液を、それぞれ下記表3に示される量を秤取した。撹拌しながら、NMP、GBL、10質量%架橋性化合物含有NMP溶液、1質量%密着助剤含有GBL溶液、BCSの順に加え、室温で2時間撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(1)~(9)を得た。
フリンジフィールドスィッチング(Fringe Field Switching:FFS)モード液晶表示素子の構成を備えた液晶セルを作製した。
始めに、電極付きの基板を準備した。基板は、30mm×35mmの大きさで、厚さが0.7mmのガラス基板であった。基板上には第1層目として対向電極を構成する、ベタ状のパターンを備えたITO電極が形成され、第1層目の対向電極の上には第2層目として、CVD法により成膜されたSiN(窒化珪素)膜が形成されていた。第2層目のSiN膜は、層間絶縁膜として機能する膜厚が500nmのものを用いた。第2層目のSiN膜の上には、第3層目としてITO膜をパターニングして形成された櫛歯状の画素電極が配置され、第1画素及び第2画素の2つの画素が形成されていた。各画素のサイズは、縦10mmで横約5mmであった。このとき、第1層目の対向電極と第3層目の画素電極とは、第2層目のSiN膜の作用により電気的に絶縁されていた。
液晶配向剤(1)~(9)をそれぞれ1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、電極付き基板(横30mm×縦40mmの大きさで、厚さが1.1mmのガラス基板であって、ガラス基板上には幅10mm×長さ40mmの矩形で、厚さ35nmのITO電極が形成されていた。)に、スピンコート塗布にて塗布した。50℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた後、150℃のIR式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚60nmの塗膜を形成させて液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。この液晶配向膜をレーヨン布(吉川化工製YA-20R)でラビング配向処理(ローラー直径:120mm、ローラー回転数:1000rpm、移動速度:30mm/sec、押し込み長:0.3mm)した後、純水中にて1分間超音波照射をして洗浄を行い、エアブローにて水滴を除去した後、80℃で15分間乾燥して液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
上記の液晶配向膜付き基板を2枚用意し、その1枚の液晶配向膜面上に4μmのスペーサーを散布した後、その上からシール剤(三井化学社製 XN-1500T)を印刷し、もう1枚の基板をラビング方向が逆方向、かつ膜面が向き合うようにして張り合わせた後、150℃で60分間の加熱処理を行い、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、ネガ型液晶MLC-7026-100(メルク社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して液晶セルを得た。その後、得られた液晶セルを120℃で1時間加熱し、23℃で一晩放置し、電圧保持率測定用液晶セルを得た。
1.長期交流駆動による配向安定性評価
上記FFS方式の液晶表示素子の作製にて作製した液晶セルを使用した。
この液晶セルを用い、表面温度が50℃の高輝度バックライト(光源:LED、輝度:20000cd/m2)の上で、±10Vの交流電圧を周波数60Hzで168時間印加した。その後、液晶セルの画素電極と対向電極との間をショートさせた状態にし、そのまま室温に一日放置した。
放置の後、液晶セルを偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、電圧無印加の状態でバックライトを点灯させておき、透過光の輝度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルの配置角度を調整した。そして、第1画素の第2領域が最も暗くなる角度から第1領域が最も暗くなる角度まで液晶セルを回転させたときの回転角度を角度Δとして算出した。第2画素でも同様に、第2領域と第1領域とを比較し同様の角度Δを算出した。
液晶配向の安定性は、この角度Δが0.4°未満の場合は「良好」とし、角度Δが0.4°以上の場合は「不良」と定義して評価した。評価結果を表4に示す。
上記(FFS方式の液晶表示素子の作製)と同様にして作製した液晶セルを、偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、画素電極と対向電極とを短絡して同電位にした状態で、2枚の偏光板の下からLEDバックライトを照射しておき、2枚の偏光板の上で測定するLEDバックライト透過光の輝度が最小となるように、液晶セルの角度を調節した。次に、この液晶セルに周波数60Hzの交流電圧を印加しながらV-Tカーブ(電圧-透過率曲線)を測定し、相対透過率が23%となる交流電圧を駆動電圧として算出した。
残像評価では、相対透過率が23%となる周波数60Hzの交流電圧を印加して液晶セルを駆動させながら、同時に1Vの直流電圧を印加し、120分間駆動させた。その後、直流電圧の印加のみを停止し、交流電圧のみでさらに15分間駆動した。
直流電圧の印加を停止した時点から10分間が経過するまでに、相対透過率が25%以下に緩和した場合に、「良好」とし、相対透過率が25%以下に低下するまでに10分間以上を要した場合には、「不良」と定義して評価した。
なお、上述した方法に従う残像評価は、液晶セルの温度が40℃の状態の温度条件下で行った。評価結果を、表4に示す。
上記(FFS方式の液晶表示素子の作製)と同様にして作製した液晶セルを、偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、画素電極と対向電極とを短絡して同電位にした状態で、2枚の偏光板の下からLEDバックライトを照射しておき、2枚の偏光板の上で測定するLEDバックライト透過光の輝度が最小となるように、液晶セルの角度を調節した。次に、この液晶セルに周波数60Hzの交流電圧を印加しながらV-Tカーブ(電圧-透過率曲線)を測定し、相対透過率が23%となる交流電圧を駆動電圧として算出した。
残像評価では、相対透過率が100%となる周波数60Hzの交流電圧を印加して液晶セルを駆動60分間駆動させた。その後、相対透過率が23%であった交流電圧を印加し、DC電圧を掃引させながら、表示ちらつきを最少化できる印加電圧を計測した。この表示ちらつきを最小化できる印加電圧の絶対値を電荷蓄積量とし、この値が100mVを超える場合は、「不良」とし、100mV以下の場合は「良好」と定義して評価した。
なお、上述した方法に従う残像評価は、液晶セルの温度が40℃の状態の温度条件下で行った。評価結果を表4に示す。
上述の電圧保持率測定用液晶セルに60℃の温度下で1Vの電圧を60μsec印加し、167msec後の電圧を測定して、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として算出した。これを初期の電圧保持率とする。
次いでバックライト耐性試験として、この液晶セルを、表面温度が50℃の高輝度バックライト(光源:LED、輝度:20000cd/m2)の照射下で168時間放置した。この液晶セルの電圧保持率を上記と同様に測定した。これを耐性試験後の電圧保持率とする。
電圧保持率のバックライト耐性は、初期値から耐性試験後の値をひいた値が、5%未満であれば「良好」とし、5%以上であれば「不良」として評価を行った。評価結果を、表4に示す。
液晶配向剤(1)~(9)をそれぞれITO基板にスピンコート塗布にて塗布した。60℃のホットプレート上で1分30秒間乾燥させた後、150℃のIR式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。その後、この液晶配向膜をレーヨン布(吉川化工製YA-20R)で2度ラビング(ローラー直径:120mm、ローラー回転数:1000rpm、移動速度:20mm/sec、押し込み長:0.5mm)を2回連続して行い、膜の表面を共焦点レーザー顕微鏡で観察した際に傷があるものは「不良」とし、傷が無いものは「良好」と定義して評価を行った。評価結果を、表4に示す。
Claims (15)
- 下記の重合体(A)、重合体(B)及び架橋性化合物(C)を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
重合体(A):下記式(d0)で表されるジアミン及び下記式(dD)で表されるジアミンを含有するジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分との反応物であるポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミド。
重合体(B):「H-N(R)-YD’-N(R)-H」(YD’は、分子内に基「-N(D’)-」(D’は、加熱によって脱離して水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。)を有する2価の有機基を表す。Rは式(dD)のRと同義である。)で表されるジアミン(dD’B)と下記式(dB)で表されるジアミン(但し、ジアミン(dD’B)を除く。)で構成されるジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分との反応物であるポリイミド前駆体。但し、該ポリイミド前駆体はイミド環構造を有しない。
架橋性化合物(C):下記式(En)で表されるエポキシ系化合物。
Loは-O-(-Ar’-O-)n-(nは0~3の整数である。Ar’は2価のベンゼン環、ビフェニル構造を表し、前記環上の任意の水素原子は1価の基で置き換えられてもよい。Ar’が複数ある場合、複数個のAr’は同一でも異なってもよい。)、-(CH2)n-(nは2~18の整数である。)、又は該-(CH2)n-の-CH2-の少なくとも一部を-O-、-C(=O)-又は-O-C(=O)-のいずれかで置き換えた基を表す。
式(dD)中、YDは、分子内に基「-N(D)-」(Dは、加熱によって脱離して水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。)を有する2価の有機基を表す。
式(d0)及び式(dD)中、複数のRは、それぞれ独立して水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。)
条件(1):窒素原子を含む複素環及び第二級又は第三級のアミノ基(但し、基「-N(D’)-」(D’は、加熱によって脱離して水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。)に由来するアミノ基を除く。)からなる群から選ばれる窒素原子含有構造を有しない。
条件(2):炭素数6以上の側鎖基を有しない。
- 前記重合体(A)におけるポリイミドのイミド化率が10~100%である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(d0)で表されるジアミンの含有量が、重合体(A)の製造に用いられる前記ジアミン成分の全成分に対して50~95モル%である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(dD)で表されるジアミンの含有量が、重合体(A)の製造に用いられる前記ジアミン成分の全成分に対して5~50モル%である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 重合体(A)の製造に用いられる前記テトラカルボン酸誘導体成分が、非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物、芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物、又はこれらの誘導体を含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 重合体(A)の製造に用いられる前記テトラカルボン酸誘導体成分が、ベンゼン環、シクロブタン環構造、シクロペンタン環構造及びシクロヘキサン環構造よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の部分構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はこれらの誘導体を含有する、請求項6に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(d0)で表されるジアミンが、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、下記式(d0-1)~(d0-10)で表される化合物、1,7-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ヘプタン、1,7-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ヘプタン、1,8-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)オクタン、1,8-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)オクタン、1,9-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ノナン、1,9-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ノナン、1,10-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)デカン、1,10-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)デカン、1,11-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ウンデカン、1,11-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ウンデカン、1,12-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ドデカン、1,12-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ドデカン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、1,4-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェノキシ]ベンゼン、1,2-ビス(6-アミノ-2-ナフチルオキシ)エタン、1,2-ビス(6-アミノ-2-ナフチル)エタン、及び6-[2-(4-アミノフェノキシ)エトキシ]-2-ナフチルアミンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のジアミンである、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(dD)で表されるジアミンが、分子内に芳香環を一つ有する芳香族ジアミンであって、芳香環上の任意の水素原子の少なくとも一つが基「-N(D)-」を有する1価の基で置き換えられた芳香族ジアミン(dn1)、又は分子内に芳香環を2つ有する芳香族ジアミンであって、該2つの芳香環が、単結合、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、-O-、-C(=O)-、-O-C(=O)-、-NR-C(=O)-(Rは水素原子、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、フェニル基、又は基「-D」を表す。)、-NR-(Rは水素原子、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、フェニル基、又は基「-D」を表す。)、炭素数2~20のアルキレン基、及び該アルキレン基の任意の-CH2-が-O-、-Si(CH3)2-、-C(=O)-、-O-C(=O)-、-NR-C(=O)-(Rは水素原子、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、フェニル基、又は基「-D」を表す。)、若しくは-NR-(Rは水素原子、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、フェニル基、又は基「-D」を表す。)で置き換えられた2価の基、からなる群から選ばれる2価の基(Ln)で連結される芳香族ジアミンであって、(i)芳香環上の任意の水素原子が「-N(D)-」を有する1価の基で置き換えられる、又は(ii)上記2価の基(Ln)が基「-N(D)-」を有する、の少なくとも一つの条件を満たす芳香族ジアミン(dn2)である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記重合体(A)と前記重合体(B)の含有割合は、[重合体(A)]/[重合体(B)]の質量比で10/90~90/10である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記架橋性化合物(C)が、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,2-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,3-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-1,4-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、ビス(N,N-ジグリシジル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス(N,N-ジグリシジル-2-メチル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス(N,N-ジグリシジル-3-メチル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、1,3-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)ベンゼン、1,3,5-トリス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3,5-トリス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)ベンゼン、及び下記式(EN-1)~(EN-5)で表される化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 架橋性化合物(C)以外の架橋性化合物及び/又は密着助剤をさらに含有する、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 水平配向型である、請求項13に記載の液晶配向膜。
- 請求項13又は14に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
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JP3169062B2 (ja) | 1996-07-11 | 2001-05-21 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶セル用配向処理剤 |
TW556029B (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2003-10-01 | Nissan Chemical Ind Ltd | Aligning agent for liquid crystal for in-plane switching, liquid-crystal alignment film, and liquid-crystal display element |
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