WO2022215691A1 - High-speed thrower, power conversion device, and switchgear - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention removes fault current at a higher speed.　This high-speed thrower (100) comprises: a connection chamber (3) provided inside an insulated container (1); a first electrode (11) and a second electrode (12) that are made from an electrically conductive material, and that are arranged electrically separated inside the connection chamber at least before the throwing operation; and an emitter (4) that is in communication with the connection chamber and that can emit at least one of charged particles and electrically conductive particles. When the throwing operation starts, the emitter (4) emits at least one of the charged particles and the electrically conductive particles inside the connection chamber.

Description

Fast throwers, power converters and switchgear

The present disclosure relates to a high-speed closing device that is thrown into an accident circuit in order to remove the accident current in the event of an electrical accident or the like, and a power converter and switchgear using the same.

Power semiconductors are used in power converters and static synchronous compensators (STATic synchronous compensators, STATCOMs) used for high-voltage direct current transmission, but electrical accidents such as ground faults and short circuits can occur due to element failure or malfunction. A high-speed closing device is a device that quickly removes the fault current and protects the system when a fault occurs. High-speed closing devices are also used to protect equipment in the event of internal arc accidents in switchgears installed in factories and buildings.

In particular, if an arc occurs due to a short-circuit accident inside the device to be protected, the longer the arc occurs, the higher the temperature and pressure in the surrounding area, increasing the risk of serious damage such as housing damage. In order to protect equipment from such damage, it is necessary to quickly remove fault current when an electrical fault is detected. Therefore, the high-speed closing device is required to perform a closing operation as fast as possible after an electrical accident is detected.

The high-speed feeder described in Patent Document 1 includes a fixed contact piece and a movable contact piece to which a piston-cylinder device is coupled, and the piston-cylinder device is operated by a gas generator to drive the movable contact piece. This speeds up the closing operation of the movable contact piece.

Japanese Patent No. 5254340

In the high-speed closing device described in Patent Document 1, the fault circuit is not short-circuited and the fault current is not removed until the fixed contact piece and the movable contact piece come into direct contact. In the case of such a configuration in which the electrodes provided for shorting the faulty electric circuit need to be in direct contact with each other, the completion of closing (here, the electrodes provided for shorting the faulty electric circuit are electrically connected to close the faulty electric circuit It takes about several milliseconds to reach the state of short-circuiting, so there is room for speeding up.

The present disclosure has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a high-speed closing device capable of removing fault current at a higher speed, a power conversion device using the same, and a switchgear. .

One aspect of the high-speed input device according to the present disclosure is a connection chamber provided in an insulating container, and a first electrode made of a conductive material and electrically separated in the connection chamber at least before the input operation, and a second electrode; and an injector that is in communication with the connection chamber and is capable of injecting at least one of charged particles and conductive particles. , at least one of charged particles and conductive particles is ejected.

Further, one aspect of the power conversion device according to the present disclosure is a series circuit of power modules having a semiconductor switch and an electric energy storage device connected in parallel to the semiconductor switch;
and the fast-acting device described above, wherein the quick-acting device is connected between the input terminal and the output terminal of the power semiconductor circuit.

In addition, one aspect of the switchgear according to the present disclosure includes a busbar and the above-described high-speed closing device, and the high-speed closing device is provided on the busbar.

According to the present disclosure, since it has the features as described above, it is possible to provide a high-speed input device capable of removing fault current at a higher speed, a power conversion device using the same, and a switchgear.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 1; FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 1; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the closing operation of the high-speed inserting device according to Embodiment 1; FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder according to modification 1-1; FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the loading operation of the high-speed loading device according to modification 1-1; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder according to modification 1-2; FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the loading operation of the high-speed loading device according to modification 1-2; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 2; FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 2; FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a discharge path DP formed by the closing operation of the high-speed closing device according to Embodiment 2; FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a discharge path DP formed by the closing operation of the high-speed closing device according to Embodiment 2; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder according to modification 2-1; FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a discharge path DP formed by the closing operation of the high-speed closing device according to modification 2-1; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 3; FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the closing operation of the high-speed inserting device according to Embodiment 3; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 3; FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the closing operation of the high-speed inserter according to Embodiment 3; FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a main part of a high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 3; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder according to modification 3-1; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder according to modification 3-2; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 4; FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit of a power conversion device according to Embodiment 5; FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a circuit of a switchgear according to Embodiment 6;

Embodiment 1.
A high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder 100 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view along the zx plane, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view along the xy plane. A high speed feeder 100 shown in FIG.

The connection chamber 3 is an insulating space, and is a space for forming a discharge path DP between the electrodes 11 and 12 during the closing operation, as will be described later. Hereinafter, the connection chamber 3 may be referred to as an arc space.

Electrodes 11 and 12 are electrodes made of a conductive material for causing fault current to flow, and short-circuit the fault current when an electrical fault is detected. Hereinafter, the electrodes 11 and 12 may be referred to as short- circuit electrodes 11 and 12 in some cases. The short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are inserted from the outside of the connection chamber 3 and are spaced apart from each other within the connection chamber 3 . The short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 may be arranged apart from each other so as to be electrically insulated in the normal state, that is, in the state before the closing operation. The short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are arranged apart from each other by, for example, an insulation distance or more. In this embodiment, the short- circuit electrodes 11 and 12 are fixed inside the connection chamber 3 .

The ejector 4 may be any ejector capable of injecting at least one of the charged particles 21 and the conductive particles 22 into the connection chamber 3 . The injector 4 has, for example, a charged particle generator 8 and a nozzle 6 for ejecting the charged particles 21 generated by the charged particle generator 8 toward the connection chamber 3 .

The charged particle generator 8 includes, for example, electrodes 81 and 82 for generating an arc (also called an arc plasma, a discharge phenomenon or a dielectric breakdown state in space that occurs at that time). Hereinafter, the electrodes 81 and 82 are also referred to as the ignition electrodes 81 and 82, or the two together as an arc electrode pair. The ignition electrodes 81 and 82 are inserted from the outside of the pressure chamber 5 and fixed at positions separated from each other. The charged particle generator 8 uses, for example, a potential difference between the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 to generate an arc. Normally, the gas generated when an arc is generated reaches tens of thousands of degrees Celsius, and the inside of the gas is in a plasma state, ie, a state containing charged particles 21, and has electrical conductivity. The charged particle generator 8 is configured, for example, to apply a voltage to the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 when an accident current is detected. Gas molecules existing in the space may be ionized, causing dielectric breakdown in the space and generating an arc. Hereinafter, the gas generated when an arc is generated may be referred to as a conductive gas or a gas containing charged particles 21 .

A fuse 83 may be attached between the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 . The fuse 83 may be one that melts due to self-heating when a certain current value is reached. Fuse 83 may be, for example, a metal wire or metal wool. Further, instead of connecting the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 with the fuse 83, a part of the space between the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 is removed so as to electrically connect the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 together. May be filled with metal powder. The fuse 83 or the metal powder can facilitate the generation of an arc by extinguishing after temporarily conducting between the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 .

In this example, the charged particle generator 8 is housed inside the pressure chamber 5 . The pressure chamber 5 is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure capable of withstanding internal pressure fluctuations. The pressure chamber 5 may be made of an insulating material, for example. The nozzle 6 is a part of the injector 4 that connects the pressure chamber 5 as a space containing the charged particle generator 8 and the injection port 10 . carry to In other words, the nozzle 6 forms a communication path that connects the space in which the charged particle generator 8 is housed and the connection chamber 3 . Specifically, the nozzle 6 forms a communication path that connects an opening 9 provided in the space and an injection port 10 that communicates with the connection chamber 3 . Therefore, the communication passage 7 communicates with the connection chamber 3 . The ejector 4 ejects the charged particles 21 into the connection chamber 3 via the communication path 7 when the injection operation is started.

The connection chamber 3 is provided with an opening 31 for communicating with the injector 4 . In the illustrated example, the ejector 4 and the connection chamber 3 are communicated with each other in such a manner that the ejector 4 is accommodated in the opening 31 . In this embodiment, the ejector 4 and its ejection opening 10 are fixed with respect to the connecting chamber 3 . Therefore, the ejector 4 does not change position during the closing operation.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the member that configures the nozzle 6 also configures the pressure chamber 5, but the configuration of the pressure chamber 5 and the nozzle 6 is not limited to this. In addition, in the example shown in FIG. 1, a part of the wall surface of the pressure chamber 5 is configured by the lid 2 that seals the connection chamber 3, but the configuration of the pressure chamber 5 is not limited to this.

The ejector 4 may eject the charged particles 21 by utilizing, for example, the pressure increase in the pressure chamber 5 accompanying the generation of the charged particles 21 by the charged particle generator 8 . In this example, the conductive gas (more specifically, the charged Particles 21 and hot gas containing them) are ejected. The conductive gas injected from the injection port 10 flows into the connection chamber 3 as it is. In this manner, the charged particles 21 generated by the charged particle generator 8 are injected into the connection chamber 3 .

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the high-speed feeder 100 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the connection chamber 3 and the pressure chamber 5 are formed in the insulating container 1, and the communication passage 7 that communicates the opening 31 of the connection chamber 3 and the opening 9 of the pressure chamber 5 is provided. formed. In this example, the part inside the insulating container 1 forming the communication path 7 is the nozzle 6 . Also, the opening 31 of the connection chamber 3 serves as the injection port 10 . Other points are the same as the example shown in FIG.

Next, the loading operation of the high-speed loading device 100 according to Embodiment 1 will be described. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the loading operation of the high-speed loading device 100 according to the first embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 3, when the high-speed injection device 100 starts the injection operation due to detection of an accident current or the like, first, the charged particle generator 8 of the injector 4 causes the charged particles 21 to enter the pressure chamber 5. (See FIG. 3A). For example, when the high-speed throwing device 100 detects an accident current, a current flows through the ignition electrodes 81 and 82, and the fuse 83 connecting the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 is joule-heated and fused. A charged particle 21 may be generated in the pressure chamber 5 . G1 in the figure represents how an arc containing charged particles 21 is generated in the pressure chamber 5 .

When the pressure in the pressure chamber 5 rises due to the generation of the arc, the charged particles 21 are emitted into the connection chamber 3 through the communication passage 7 (see FIG. 3(B)). The white arrows in the figure indicate that the plasmatized conductive gas G2 (more specifically, the charged particles 21 and the high-temperature gas containing them) generated by the arc generation is ejected by the pressure rise in the pressure chamber 5. 10 is shown.

The conductive gas G2 that has flowed into the connection chamber 3 also flows into the space between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12, causing dielectric breakdown and an increase in space conductivity in the space. As a result, a discharge path DP is formed in the space, the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are electrically connected, and the closing operation of the high-speed opening device 100 is completed (see FIG. 3(C)). The black arrows in the figure show how the fault current is short-circuited. Note that the fault current may flow in the opposite direction depending on the circuit configuration.

As described above, according to the high-speed closing device according to the present embodiment, a short circuit is caused by injecting the charged particles 21 generated by the voltage application to the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 into the connection chamber 3 during the closing operation. Since the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are provided with the ejector 4 for promoting the formation of the discharge path DP, the short-circuiting electrodes can be electrically connected to each other at high speed. In particular, according to the above-described example, the charged particles 21 are ejected into the connection chamber 3 by utilizing the pressure fluctuation when the charged particles 21 are generated. Therefore, the short-circuiting electrodes can be electrically connected to each other at a higher speed. Since the fault current can be removed at high speed in this way, the arcing time in the external circuit is shortened, and the scale of failure can be reduced, the reliability of the entire equipment can be improved, and the explosion-proof structure can be simplified.
(Modification 1-1)
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder 101 according to modification 1-1 of the first embodiment. The ejector 4 in the high-speed injector 101 shown in FIG. 4 differs from the example of the high-speed injector 100 of Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. The ejector 4 of this modified example has a storage section 20 that stores conductive particles 22 inside the communication passage 7 . The configuration of the ejector 4 of this modified example can also be applied to the ejector 4 of another high-speed injector (for example, the high-speed injector 200 shown in FIG. 2).

The storage section 20 may be formed, for example, by providing a partition 14 in the communicating path 7 that is configured to block the communicating path 7 in normal times and to be removed when a certain external force or heat is applied. For example, the partition 14 normally closes the communication path 7 (while keeping it closed), and when a certain external force or heat is applied, the partition 14 opens the communication path 7 by disengaging, pulverizing, rotating, disappearing, or the like. Anything is fine.

In this modification, the charged particle generator 8 also functions as a pressure adjustment mechanism that adjusts the internal pressure of the pressure chamber 5 by external control (voltage application to the ignition electrodes 81 and 82). Note that the pressure adjustment mechanism in this example may be other than the charged particle generator 8 . As an example, the pressure regulating mechanism may be a mechanical or electromagnetic control valve provided at the opening 9 of the pressure chamber 5 preliminarily maintained in a high pressure state. Even with such a mechanism, pressure fluctuations in the pressure chamber 5 due to external control (driving of the control valve) are used to press the storage unit 20 in the direction of the connection chamber 3, and the conductive particles 22 can be injected into the connecting chamber 3 . Here, the direction of the connection chamber 3 means the direction toward the connection chamber 3 in the communication passage 7 .

The storage unit 20 is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of injecting the conductive particles 22 into the connection chamber 3 according to pressure fluctuations in the pressure chamber 5 . It is preferable that the conductive particles 22 stored in the storage unit 20 are light, and for example, metal particles are suitable. This is because the lighter it is, the faster it accelerates, and the faster it scatters.

Next, the loading operation of the high-speed loading device 101 according to modification 1-1 will be described. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the loading operation of the high-speed loading device 101 according to modification 1-1. In the example shown in FIG. 5, when the high-speed injection device 101 starts the injection operation, the charged particle generator 8 as the pressure adjustment mechanism of the injector 4 first generates an arc in the pressure chamber 5, The pressure inside the chamber 5 is increased (see FIG. 5(A)). At this time, the pressure adjusting mechanism may or may not generate charged particles 21 as long as it can pressurize (press) the storage section 20 in the direction of the connection chamber 3 .

When an arc is generated and pressure is applied to the storage unit 20 in the direction of the connection chamber 3, the partition 14 is opened, and the conductive particles 22 stored in the storage unit 20 are released into the connection chamber 3 ( See FIG. 5(B)). The white arrows in the figure show how the partition 14 is opened and the conductive particles 22 are pushed out by applying pressure to the storage part 20 in the direction of the connection chamber 3 . Reference G3 in the drawing represents a conductive gas that flows into the connection chamber 3 and contains at least the conductive particles 22 . Conductive gas G3 may further contain charged particles 21 .

The conductive gas G2 that has flowed into the connection chamber 3 also flows into the space between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12, causing dielectric breakdown and an increase in space conductivity in the space. As a result, a discharge path DP is formed in the space, the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are electrically connected, and the closing operation of the high-speed opening device 100 is completed (see FIG. 5(C)). The dashed arrows in the figure show how the fault current is short-circuited. Other points are the same as those of the first embodiment described above.

In the example of Embodiment 1 described above, the conductive gas G2 generated in the pressure chamber 5 is discharged into the connection chamber 3 through the communication passage 7. At this time, recombination of ionized gas molecules progresses due to heat radiation from the wall surface serving as the flow path and cooling due to adiabatic expansion during injection, etc., and the electrical conductivity decreases, and the charged particles 21 that can be supplied decrease. In some cases, the effects described above (formation of the discharge path DP between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 and short-circuiting of the fault current) may not be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, in this modified example, by accommodating the conductive particles 22 in the communication path 7, the above-described effects can be obtained more reliably.

There are mainly two effects of storing the conductive particles 22 in the communication path 7. The first effect is that when the conductive particles 22 are mixed between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 to which a voltage is applied, the conductive particles 22 become conductive. The charge and projections of the particles 22 cause local distortion of the electric field, making it easier to induce dielectric breakdown. By allowing the conductive particles 22 to flow into the connection chamber 3, the dielectric strength of the space can be intentionally lowered and the formation of the discharge path DP can be promoted. The second effect is that when a high-temperature gas is generated by arc ignition in the pressure chamber 5, mixing the generated high-temperature gas with the conductive particles 22 causes a chemical reaction to generate more heat. It is capable of generating and inflowing a conductive gas with a high degree of ionization.

As described above, according to the high-speed injection device according to the present modification, the injector 4 injects the conductive particles 22 into the connection chamber 3 during the injection operation, thereby forming the discharge path DP between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12. Since the mechanism for promoting formation is provided, the discharge path DP can be formed at high speed and more reliably, and the short-circuiting electrodes can be electrically connected to each other.

Even when the conductive particles 22 are not stored, the provision of the partition 14 facilitates the pressure adjustment of the pressure chamber 5 , and the charged particles 21 are injected into the connection chamber 3 by utilizing the pressure fluctuation in the pressure chamber 5 . By injecting , the short-circuiting electrodes can be electrically connected to each other at high speed and more reliably.
(Modification 1-2)
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder 102 according to modification 1-2 of the first embodiment. The high-speed feeder 102 shown in FIG. 6 is modified 1-1 in that it includes a pair of valve seats 15 fixed to the communication passage 7 and a sealing body 16 inserted into a region surrounded by the valve seats 15. different from

The valve seat 15 is fixed to the communicating path 7 and is a member that receives the sealing body 16 that moves inside the communicating path 7 . The sealing body 16 is a member that can move in the communicating path 7 and that seals the communicating path 7 by being supported by the valve seat 15 . The sealing body 16 may be, for example, a sphere that is smaller than the inner diameter of the communicating passage 7 forming the storage portion 20 and larger than the diameter of the passage formed inside the communicating passage 7 by the valve seat 15 . The valve seat 15 may be any material as long as it can seal the communicating path 7 in cooperation with the sealing body 16 . It may be a partition with a hole that is larger than the body 16 . The specific configurations of the sealing member 16 and the valve seat 15 are not particularly limited as long as they can block the communication passage 7 by the pressure difference between the connection chamber 3 and the pressure chamber 5 .

FIG. 6 shows an example in which the valve seat 15 is provided at each of the outlet (boundary on the connection chamber 3 side) and inlet (boundary on the pressure chamber 5 side) of the storage section 20, but for example, only the outlet of the storage section 20 is provided. A valve seat 15 may be provided. In that case, it is also possible to provide a partition 14 at the entrance of the storage section 20 . By providing the valve seat 15 at least at the outlet of the storage section 20 or on the connection chamber side from it, the communication passage 7 can be sealed after the conductive particles 22 are injected. Hereinafter, the valve seat 15 provided at the outlet of the storage section 20 or in the area closer to the connection chamber 3 than it is also referred to as the valve seat 15 on the connection chamber side. The provided valve seat 15 is also referred to as the pressure chamber side valve seat 15 . In a normal state, the sealing body 16 is arranged at the inlet of the storage section 20 or in a region closer to the pressure chamber 5 than it is by being supported by the valve seat 15 on the pressure chamber side.

It is also possible to provide the partition 14 described above together with the valve seat 15 . For example, the partitions 14 may be provided on the outside of the valve seat 15 when viewed from the sealing body 16 and on the upstream side of the valve seat 15 when viewed from the flow path of the charged particles 21 in the communication passage 7 . In the case where both the valve seat 15 and the partition 14 are provided, the positional relationship between the two is not particularly limited. or the upstream side, and may be determined according to the opening/closing structure of the partition 14 to be provided. That is, the partition 14 may be installed so as to be in an open state without hindering the release of the conductive gas G2 and the conductive particles 22 during the charging operation. According to the configuration including both the valve seat 15 and the partition 14, the partition 14 blocks the conductive particles 22 before the closing operation, and the partition 14 is opened during the closing operation, and after the charged particles 21 and the like are discharged, The communication path 7 can be sealed again.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the loading operation of the high-speed loading device 102 according to modification 1-2. In the example shown in FIG. 7, when the high-speed injection device 102 starts the injection operation, the charged particle generator 8 as the pressure adjustment mechanism of the injector 4 first generates an arc in the pressure chamber 5, The pressure inside the chamber 5 is increased (see FIG. 7(A)). In this example as well, the pressure adjustment mechanism may pressurize (press) the storage section 20 in the direction of the connection chamber 3, and the charged particles 21 may or may not be generated.

When an arc is generated and pressure is applied to the storage portion 20 in the direction of the connection chamber 3, the sealing body 16 starts to move, and the conductive particles 22 stored in the storage portion 20 move into the connection chamber 3. It is released (see FIG. 7(B)). The white arrows in the figure indicate how the sealing member 16 and the conductive particles 22 are pushed out by applying pressure to the storage unit 20 in the direction of the connection chamber 3 . Reference G3 in the drawing represents a conductive gas that flows into the connection chamber 3 and contains at least the conductive particles 22 . Conductive gas G3 may further contain charged particles 21 .

The conductive gas G2 that has flowed into the connection chamber 3 also flows into the space between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12, causing dielectric breakdown and an increase in space conductivity in the space. As a result, a discharge path DP is formed in the space, and the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are electrically connected (see FIG. 7(C)). The dashed arrows in the figure show how the fault current is short-circuited.

Furthermore, in this modification, in FIG. 7(C), the sealing body 16 is blocked by the valve seat 15 on the connection chamber side after a sufficient amount of the conductive particles 22 are discharged to form the discharge path DP. The sealing body 16 seals the communication passage 7 while being pressed against the valve seat 15 on the connection chamber side.

According to this modification, the sealing body 16 seals the communication passage 7 after the conductive particles 22 are discharged into the connection chamber 3. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the modification 1-1, the particles flow into the connection chamber 3. Backflow of the conductive particles 22 or the conductive gas G3 containing the conductive particles 22 can be prevented.

Even when the conductive particles 22 are not stored, a valve structure that is a combination of the valve seat 15 and the sealing body 16 may be provided. , backflow of the gas that has flowed into the connection chamber 3 can be prevented. These can also be said to be the effects of the openable partition including the partition 14 .

In the first embodiment described above, the injector 4 and its ejection port 10 are positioned between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 in the current direction of the short circuit of the fault current (for example, the x-axis direction in FIG. 1). , and the direction perpendicular to the current direction (for example, the direction along the yz plane in FIG. 1, the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction, etc.). It is not limited to this. For example, the ejector 4 and the ejection port 10 are arranged so that the space between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 is located on the extension of the flow path formed by the communication path 7 from the ejection port 10 of the fluid. good too. At this time, the injection port 10 may face in a direction parallel to the current direction or in a direction oblique to the current direction.
Embodiment 2.
Next, a high-speed injection device according to Embodiment 2 in which the ejector is incorporated inside the short-circuit electrode will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder 200 according to Embodiment 2. As shown in FIG. A high-speed feeder 200 shown in FIG. 8 has a connection chamber 3 provided in the insulating container 1, electrodes 11 and 12 arranged in the connection chamber 3, and communication with the connection chamber 3, as in the first embodiment. and an ejector 4. The present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that high-speed thrower 200 further includes electrode 13 which is made of a conductive material and which is electrically separated from electrodes 11 and 12 at least before the throwing operation. different.

Also in this embodiment, the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are arranged and fixed in the connection chamber 3 so as to be separated from each other. The electrode 13 is an electrode that assists conduction between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 during the closing operation. The electrode 13 is hereinafter referred to as an auxiliary electrode 13 . The auxiliary electrode 13 is arranged, for example, at a position between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 in the current direction of the short circuit (x-axis direction in the figure) and spaced apart from each of the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 . As in the example in the figure, the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 and the auxiliary electrode 13 may each have a surface facing another electrode.

In this embodiment, the auxiliary electrode 13 and the ejector 4 are combined. Specifically, the auxiliary electrode 13 has a hole portion 17 communicating with the connection chamber 3 , and the injector 4 inserts the charged particles 21 (charged particle 21 and at least one of the conductive particles 22) is injected. That is, the hole portion 17 constitutes a part of the communication passage 7 that connects the pressure chamber 5 and the connection chamber 3 .

The ejector 4 may have an auxiliary electrode 13 at its tip, for example. For example, the ejector 4 may be used as the auxiliary electrode 13 by forming the distal end portion with a conductive material. Here, the tip portion is a portion that constitutes the surface of the ejector 4 on the injection port 10 side, and particularly includes a portion that includes the opening of the communication passage 7 on the connection chamber 3 side. In this example, the distal end of the auxiliary electrode 13 is fixed to an insulating container 18 forming the wall surface of the pressure chamber 5 . The insulating container 18 is then fixed to the lid 2 . That is, the ejector 4 is fixed with respect to the connection chamber 3 .

In the example shown in FIG. 8, the auxiliary electrode 13 has one hole 17, and the opening of the hole 17 on the connection chamber 3 side serves as the injection port 10 of the ejector 4. In the example shown in FIG. In this example, the ejector 4 and its ejection port 10 (opening of the hole 17 on the side of the connection chamber 3) are positioned so that the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 in the current direction of the short circuit of the fault current (x-axis direction in the figure). It is positioned in between and directed in a direction perpendicular to the current direction. The position and orientation of the ejector 4 are not limited to this. It may be arranged so that the space between 11 and 12 is located.

The number of holes 17 is not particularly limited, and may be one or plural. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the high-speed feeder 200 according to the second embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 9 , the auxiliary electrode 13 has two holes 17 , and the injector 4 allows the charged particles 21 and the like to enter the connection chamber 3 through the two holes 17 provided in the auxiliary electrode 13 . to inject.

In this example, the ejector 4 and its ejection port 10 (opening of the hole 17 on the side of the connection chamber 3) are positioned so that the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 in the current direction of the short circuit of the fault current (x-axis direction in the figure). It is arranged at a position between and so that each injection port 10 faces either one of the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 to be electrically connected. More specifically, one of the two exits 10 faces the space between the shorting electrode 11 and the auxiliary electrode 13, and the other one faces the space between the shorting electrode 12 and the auxiliary electrode 13. are arranged as follows. However, the position and orientation of each injection port 10 are not limited to this. For example, the ejector 4 and the ejection opening 10 are arranged so that the short-circuiting electrode 11 and the short-circuiting electrode 12 to be electrically connected are positioned on the extension line of the flow path formed by the communicating path 7 from the ejection opening 10 of the fluid. may be placed in At this time, any one of the injection ports 10 may face in a direction parallel to the current direction or in a direction oblique to the current direction.

Other points may be the same as those of the first embodiment.
The injection operation of high-speed injector 200 according to the present embodiment is basically It is the same as the first embodiment.

10 and 11 are explanatory diagrams showing examples of the discharge path DP formed by the closing operation of the high-speed closing device 200 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 10 shows an example of the discharge path DP formed by the closing operation of the high speed closing device 200 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the injector 4 injects conductive gas (G2, G3) containing charged particles 21 and the like into the connection chamber 3 from the hole 17 of the auxiliary electrode 13 during the closing operation. Thereby, a discharge path DP is formed between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 and the auxiliary electrode 13 . As a result, the short- circuit electrodes 11 and 12 can be electrically connected through the discharge path DP, and the fault current is short-circuited.

Also, FIG. 11 shows an example of a discharge path DP formed by the closing operation of the high-speed closing device 200 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, the injector 4 injects conductive gas (G2, G3) containing charged particles 21 and the like into the connection chamber 3 from the hole 17 of the auxiliary electrode 13 during the closing operation. Thereby, a discharge path DP is formed at least between the short-circuit electrode 11 and the auxiliary electrode 13 and between the short-circuit electrode 12 and the auxiliary electrode 13 . As a result, electrical continuity can be established between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 via the auxiliary electrode 13, and the fault current is short-circuited. Also in this example, a discharge path DP can be formed between the short-circuit electrode 11 and the short-circuit electrode 12 . In either case, the fault current should be short-circuited using the formed discharge path DP.

As described above, according to the high-speed injection device according to the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the injector 4 has an auxiliary electrode for assisting conduction between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 during the injection operation. Since the charged particles 21 and the like are ejected from the holes 17 of 13 to promote the formation of discharge paths in cooperation with the auxiliary electrodes 13, the short-circuiting electrodes can be electrically connected to each other at a higher speed. As a result, the fault current can be removed more quickly, shortening the arcing time in the external circuit, reducing the scale of failure, improving the reliability of the entire equipment, and simplifying the explosion-proof structure.
(Modification 2-1)
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder 201 according to modification 2-1 of the second embodiment. The high-speed injector 201 shown in FIG. 12 is similar to the example shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 in that the tip of the ejector 4 is made of a conductive material. It differs from the above example in that it is connected to one of the electrodes 11 and 12 .
(Modification 2-2)
A high-speed injection device 201 according to modification 2-2 includes a connection chamber 3 provided in an insulating container 1, electrodes 11 and 12 arranged in the connection chamber 3, and an ejector 4 communicating with the connection chamber 3. Prepare. However, in this modification, the ejector 4 is connected to either one of the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 and communicated with the connection chamber 3 .

More specifically, one of the short-circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 (the short-circuiting electrode 12 in this example) is provided with a hole 17 that allows the ejector 4 and the connection chamber 3 to communicate with each other. Therefore, the injector 4 injects the charged particles 21 and the like into the connection chamber 3 through the hole 17 of one of its electrodes.

The ejector 4 has, for example, a conductive member serving as a short-circuiting electrode 12 at its tip, and the conductive member is routed to the outside or connected to the routing electrode, thereby forming a short-circuiting electrode 12. may be combined. Also, the ejector 4 may be coupled by being housed inside the short-circuit electrode 12, for example. In this case, it is also possible to form the short-circuit electrode 12 by covering the injector 4 with a conductive material.

In the example shown in FIG. 12, the pressure chamber 5 is surrounded by an insulating material (the insulating container 18 and the lid 2) so that the conductive material used as the short-circuit electrode 12 and the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 are not electrically connected. It is configured. In this example, an insulating container 18 forming at least part of the wall surface of the pressure chamber 5 is provided with an opening 9 that communicates with the connection chamber 3 through the hole 17 of the short-circuit electrode 12 .

The short-circuiting electrode 12 having the hole 17 is fixed to the insulating container 1 forming the connection chamber 3 and the insulating container 18 forming the wall surface of the pressure chamber 5 . Also, the insulating container 18 is fixed to the lid 2 . That is, the ejector 4 is fixed with respect to the connection chamber 3 . The configuration of the ejector 4 may be the same as the example of the second embodiment described above, except that the conductive material formed at the tip portion is routed to the outside of the connection chamber 3 .

FIG. 12 shows an example in which the injector 4 and its ejection port 10 are arranged so as to face the direction parallel to the current direction of the short circuit of the fault current (the z-axis direction in the figure). The position and orientation of the injection port 10 are not limited to this. For example, the ejector 4 and the ejection port 10 are arranged on the extension line of the flow path from the fluid ejection port 10 formed by the communication path 7, and the other short-circuiting electrode (short-circuiting electrode 11 ) may be positioned.

Also in this modified example, the number of holes 17 is not particularly limited, and may be one or more.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the discharge path DP formed by the closing operation of the high-speed closing device 201 according to modification 2-1 of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, the ejector 4 injects conductive gas (G2, G3) containing charged particles 21 and the like into the connection chamber 3 from the hole 17 of one of the short- circuiting electrodes 11, 12 during the closing operation. inject. Thereby, a discharge path DP is formed between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 . As a result, the short- circuit electrodes 11 and 12 can be electrically connected via the discharge path DP, and the fault current is short-circuited. Note that the fault current may flow in the opposite direction depending on the circuit configuration.

As described above, according to the high-speed injector according to this modification, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the injector 4 ejects the charged particles 21 and the like through the hole 17 provided in one of the short-circuit electrodes. Since the injection assists the conduction with the other short-circuiting electrode, the same effect as in the second embodiment can be obtained without increasing the size of the high-speed injection device.

In this modification, the tip ends of the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 have a convex shape on the side coupled to the injector 4 (in this example, the short-circuiting electrode 12 having the hole 17), and The opposing side (short-circuiting electrode 11) may be recessed. As a result, the charged particles 21 and the like emitted from the injector 4 can be efficiently spread over the space between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 .

Also in this embodiment and its modification, the injector 4 can be provided with another pressure adjustment mechanism instead of the charged particle generator 8, and the injector 4 further includes the storage unit 20 and the An openable partition (a set of partition 14, valve seat 15 and sealing body 16) can be provided. The effect of having these is the same as in the case of the first embodiment.
Embodiment 3.
In Embodiments 1 and 2, both electrodes are fixedly arranged in the connection chamber 3 . In Embodiment 3, a high-speed feeder using movable electrodes will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder 300 according to Embodiment 3. As shown in FIG. A high-speed feeder 300 shown in FIG. 14 differs from the high-speed feeder 200 provided with the auxiliary electrode 13 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 in the second embodiment in that the auxiliary electrode 13 is a movable electrode. different.

A high-speed thrower 300 shown in FIG. 14 includes a connection chamber 3 provided in an insulating container 1, electrodes 11 and 12 arranged in the connection chamber 3, and an electrical connection between the electrodes 11 and 12 at least before the throwing operation. It comprises a remote auxiliary electrode 13 and an ejector 4 coupled to the auxiliary electrode 13 .

The short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are electrically spaced apart and fixed in the connection chamber 3 . Auxiliary electrode 13 is arranged so that it can be electrically connected to and separated from short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 . Hereinafter, the auxiliary electrode 13 will be referred to as a movable electrode, and the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 with respect to the movable electrode may be referred to as an electrode to be electrically connected or an electrode pair to be electrically connected.

Also in this embodiment, the auxiliary electrode 13 has a hole portion 17 that allows the ejector 4 and the connection chamber 3 to communicate with each other. The injector 4 injects the charged particles 21 and the like into the connection chamber 3 through the hole 17 of the auxiliary electrode 13 .

The auxiliary electrode 13, which is a movable electrode, is, for example, an electrode that can be translated. The auxiliary electrode 13 is inserted between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 when an electrical accident is detected. Then, the auxiliary electrode 13 is in direct contact with both the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12, so that the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are electrically connected. The auxiliary electrode 13 is spaced apart from both the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 by an insulation distance or more before the closing operation. Furthermore, the auxiliary electrode 13 is preferably arranged at a position where it can come into direct contact with both the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 by the closing operation. Reference numeral 19A in the drawing denotes a holding member that holds the auxiliary electrode 13 in the above-described position before the closing operation. Note that the holding member 19A does not hinder the movement of the auxiliary electrode 13 during the closing operation (for example, after starting movement), and does not hinder the movement of the auxiliary electrode 13 after completing the closing operation (for example, after moving to a predetermined position). is preferably configured to inhibit movement in the opposite direction.

In this example, the injector 4 (in particular, the insulating container 18 forming part of the wall surface of the pressure chamber 5 in the illustrated example) and the auxiliary electrode 13 are not fixed to the lid 2 . Therefore, the ejector 4 and the auxiliary electrode 13 are movable. In the illustrated example, the insulating container 18 and the auxiliary electrode 13 move along the extending direction of the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 (the z-axis direction in the drawing) due to the pressure increase in the pressure chamber 5 . This means that movement of the movable electrode is driven by the ejector 4 . In other words, the propulsive force of the movable electrode is provided by the ejector 4 . More specifically, the movable electrode is driven by utilizing the pressure fluctuation (pressure) used for the injection operation of the charged particles 21 and the like in the ejector 4 . In the present embodiment, the injector 4 (more specifically, the pressure chamber 5) not only injects the charged particles 21 and the like into the connection chamber 3 when the injection operation is started, but also the movable electrode (the auxiliary electrode 13 ) is moved toward the electrodes to be electrically connected (both short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 in this example) or the space therebetween. In the example shown in the figure, the ignition electrodes 81 and 82, which are fixed electrodes, are arranged at positions close enough to touch the inner wall of the ejector 4 (more specifically, the pressure chamber 5). The auxiliary electrode 13, which is a movable electrode, and the insulating container 18 as its base are moved in the direction along which the electrodes 81 and 82 extend. In this manner, the movable electrode coupled to the ejector 4 and the portion coupled thereto (hereinafter referred to as the movable portion) and the fixed portion (hereinafter referred to as the fixed portion) are arranged along each other. It is preferable to control the direction of the moving part by As another example of the method of controlling the direction of the moving portion, the ignition electrodes 81 and 82, which are fixed portions, may be arranged along the inner wall of the pressure chamber 5, which is a moving portion. For example, the outer wall of the pressure chamber 5 is arranged along the inner wall of the insulating container 1 (more specifically, the inner wall of the opening 31 of the connection chamber 3), which is the fixed portion.

The movement of the movable electrode may be performed until it contacts the electrode to be electrically connected. It should be noted that it does not necessarily have to be done until they come into physical contact. It is also possible to bring them closer until a discharge path DP is formed therebetween. The injection of the charged particles 21 and the like by the ejector 4 is performed, for example, before the movable electrode and the pair of electrodes to be electrically connected are brought into contact with each other, or when the distance between the movable electrode and each electrode to be electrically connected is within the insulation distance. It is done before it becomes.

Next, the loading operation of the high-speed loading device 300 according to Embodiment 3 will be described. FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the loading operation of the high-speed loading device 300 according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 15, the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 and the auxiliary electrode 13 are normally separated from each other. When the high-speed injector 300 detects the accident current and the injection operation is started, first, the injector 4 generates the charged particles 21 in the pressure chamber 5 (see FIG. 15(A)). Ejector 4 may generate an arc with charged particles 21 .

When the pressure in the pressure chamber 5 rises due to the generation of the charged particles 21 and the arc, the injector 4 injects the conductive gas G2 containing the charged particles 21 into the connection chamber 3 through the hole 17 of the auxiliary electrode 13. Eject (see white arrow in FIG. 15(B)). In parallel with the injection operation of the conductive gas G2, when the pressure in the pressure chamber 5 rises above a certain level, the injector 4 including the auxiliary electrode 13 moves in the z-axis direction in the drawing (FIG. 15). (B) see white arrow). The white arrows in the figure indicate that the plasmatized conductive gas G2 (more specifically, the high-temperature gas containing the charged particles 21) produced by the generation of the arc moves into the hole 17 due to the pressure rise in the pressure chamber 5. It shows how the auxiliary electrode 13 is ejected from and how the auxiliary electrode 13 is moved by the ejector 4 . In this example, the auxiliary electrode 13 moves toward the electrode pair (short-circuiting electrode 11 and short-circuiting electrode 12) to be electrically connected together, and the ejector 4 moves through the hole 17 of the moving auxiliary electrode 13. to cause the conductive gas G2 to flow into the connection chamber 3.

The conductive gas G2 that has flowed into the connection chamber 3 flows not only between the short-circuiting electrode 11 and the short-circuiting electrode 12, but also between the short-circuiting electrode 11 and the auxiliary electrode 13 and between the short-circuiting electrode 12 and the auxiliary electrode 13. It also flows into the space between them, causing dielectric breakdown and an increase in space conductivity in the space. As a result, a discharge path DP is formed in the space, and electrical continuity is established between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 via the auxiliary electrode 13 (see the dashed arrow in FIG. 15B). The dashed arrows in the figure show how the fault current is short-circuited by the discharge paths DP formed in these spaces. As a result, the auxiliary electrode 13 is short-circuited before it contacts the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12, and the accident current can be bypassed quickly.

After a while, the auxiliary electrode 13 comes into contact with the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12, thereby reliably forming a short circuit and completing the operation of the high-speed feeder 300 (see FIG. 15(C)). The dashed arrows in the figure show how the fault current is short-circuited by direct contact between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 . Note that the fault current may flow in the opposite direction depending on the circuit configuration.

Also, FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the high-speed feeder 300 according to the third embodiment. 16 is different from the high-speed feeder 201 shown in FIG. 12 as Modified Example 2-1 of Embodiment 2 in which the ejector 4 is coupled to one of the short-circuiting electrodes. is the movable electrode. A high-speed feeder 300 shown in FIG. 16 is connected to a connection chamber 3 provided in an insulating container 1, electrodes 11 and 12 arranged in the connection chamber 3, and one of the electrodes 11 and 12. and an ejector 4 communicated with the connection chamber 3 at .

Also in this example, one of the short-circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 (in this example, the short-circuiting electrode 12) is provided with a hole 17 that allows the ejector 4 and the connection chamber 3 to communicate with each other. Therefore, the injector 4 injects the charged particles 21 and the like into the connection chamber 3 through the hole 17 of one of its electrodes.

The ejector 4 has, for example, an electrode (12B in the drawing) formed of a conductive material at the tip, and the electrode (12A in the drawing) is an electrode (12A ) to be connected to the short-circuiting electrode 12 while maintaining a conductive state. In addition, the ejector 4, for example, has a conductive tip portion (12B in the figure) that is connected to the inside of the electrode (12B in the figure) that is routed to the outside as the short-circuiting electrode 12 while maintaining a conductive state. It may be combined with the shorting electrode 12 by being housed in a movable manner. An existing technique can be used as a method of moving the electrodes while maintaining the conduction state.

In this example, of the above conductive members constituting the short-circuiting electrode 12 coupled to the injector 4, the portion (12A in the drawing) that is fixed to the insulating container 1 and routed to the outside is It is also possible to regard the portion (12B in the figure) which is regarded as the main electrode of the short-circuiting electrode 12 and which is arranged movably while maintaining a conductive state with respect to the main electrode, as the movable auxiliary electrode 13. . In the following, of the parts constituting the short-circuiting electrode 12 coupled to the injector 4, the part fixed to the insulating container 1 and routed to the outside will be referred to as the main electrode 12A or the fixed electrode 12A. A portion that is movably arranged while maintaining a conductive state with respect to the main electrode 12A, which is also an electrode, is called an auxiliary electrode 12B or a movable electrode 12B. It is called the electrode 12 for use.

In the present embodiment, the auxiliary electrode 12B as a movable electrode included in the short-circuiting electrode 12 is, for example, an electrode capable of translational movement. When an electrical accident is detected, the auxiliary electrode 12B is thrown toward the other short-circuiting electrode 11 while maintaining the connected state with the main electrode 12A. Then, the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are electrically connected by directly contacting the auxiliary electrode 12B with the short-circuiting electrode 11 or the like. Both the main electrode 12A and the movable electrode 12B, which constitute the short-circuit electrode 12, are arranged apart from the short-circuit electrode 11, which is to be electrically connected, by an insulation distance or more in the state before the closing operation. Further, it is preferable that the auxiliary electrode 12B among them is arranged at a position where it can come into direct contact with the short-circuiting electrode 11 to be electrically connected by the closing operation.

Reference numeral 19B in the drawing denotes a holding member for holding the auxiliary electrode 12B in the above-described position while maintaining electrical continuity with the main electrode 12A before the closing operation. In addition, the holding member 19B does not hinder the movement of the auxiliary electrode 12B after the closing operation (for example, after starting movement) while maintaining the connected state with the main electrode 12A, and after the completion of closing (for example, after the predetermined It is preferable that the movable electrode 12B is configured so as to be able to prevent the movable electrode 12B from moving in the opposite direction after it has finished moving to the position. A notch or the like that engages with the holding member 19B when moved to a predetermined position may be provided on the movable electrode 12B side.

In this example as well, the injector 4 (in the illustrated example, the insulating container 18 forming part of the wall surface of the pressure chamber 5 in particular) and the auxiliary electrode 12B are not fixed to the lid 2 . Therefore, the ejector 4 and the auxiliary electrode 12B are movable. In the illustrated example, the insulating container 18 and the auxiliary electrode 12B move along the extending direction of the ignition electrodes 81 and 82 (the z-axis direction in the drawing) due to the pressure increase in the pressure chamber 5 . In the present embodiment, the injector 4 (more specifically, the pressure chamber 5) not only injects the charged particles 21 and the like into the connection chamber 3 when the injection operation is started, but also the movable electrode (auxiliary electrode 12B) ) is moved toward the electrode (short-circuiting electrode 11) to be electrically connected. Other points are the same as the example shown in FIG.

Next, the loading operation of the high-speed loading device 300 according to this example will be described. FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the loading operation of the high-speed loading device 300 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 17, also in this example, the main electrode 12A and the auxiliary electrode 12B of the short-circuiting electrode 11 and the short-circuiting electrode 12 are separated from each other in the normal state. When the high-speed injector 300 detects the accident current and the injection operation is started, first, the injector 4 generates the charged particles 21 in the pressure chamber 5 (see FIG. 15(A)). Ejector 4 may generate an arc with charged particles 21 .

When the pressure in the pressure chamber 5 increases due to the generation of the arc and the charged particles 21, the injector 4 introduces the conductive gas G2 containing the charged particles 21 into the connection chamber 3 through the hole 17 of the auxiliary electrode 12B. Eject (see white arrow in FIG. 17(B)). In parallel with the injection operation of the conductive gas G2, when the pressure in the pressure chamber 5 rises above a certain level, the injector 4 including the auxiliary electrode 12B moves in the z-axis direction in the drawing (FIG. 17). (B) see white arrow). The white arrows in the figure indicate that the plasmatized conductive gas G2 (more specifically, the high-temperature gas containing the charged particles 21) generated by the arc generation flows out of the hole 17 due to the pressure increase in the pressure chamber 5. A state of ejection and a state of movement of the auxiliary electrode 12B by the ejector 4 are shown. In this example, the auxiliary electrode 12B of the short-circuiting electrode 12 moves in a direction approaching the short-circuiting electrode 11, which is the object of conduction, and the injector 4 releases the conductive gas G2 through the hole 17 of the moving auxiliary electrode 12B. flows into the connection chamber 3.

The conductive gas G2 that has flowed into the connection chamber 3 particularly flows into the space between the short-circuiting electrode 11 and the auxiliary electrode 12B, causing dielectric breakdown and an increase in space conductivity in the space. As a result, a discharge path DP is formed between the short-circuiting electrode 11 and the auxiliary electrode 12B, and electrical continuity is established between the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 via the auxiliary electrode 12B (broken line in FIG. 17B). arrow). A dashed arrow in the figure indicates how the fault current is short-circuited by the discharge path DP. As a result, the auxiliary electrode 12B is short-circuited before it comes into direct contact with the short-circuiting electrode 11, and the fault current can be bypassed quickly.

After a while, the auxiliary electrode 12B comes into contact with the short-circuiting electrode 11, thereby reliably forming a short circuit and completing the operation of the high-speed feeder 300 (see FIG. 17(C)). A dashed arrow in the figure indicates how the fault current is short-circuited by direct contact between the short-circuit electrode 11 and the auxiliary electrode 12B. Note that the fault current may flow in the opposite direction depending on the circuit configuration.

As described above, according to the high-speed feeder according to the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the second embodiment, by combining the injector 4 with the movable electrode, the short-circuiting electrode due to the injection of the charged particles 21 and the like can be obtained. Direct contact between the movable electrode and the main electrode can be assisted while promoting the formation of the discharge path DP between the short-circuiting electrode and the movable electrode. can do. As a result, the fault current can be removed more quickly and reliably, which shortens the arcing time in the external circuit, reduces the scale of failure, improves the reliability of the entire equipment, and simplifies the explosion-proof structure. becomes possible.

Furthermore, by combining the movable electrode and the ejector 4, there is no need to provide an opening or the like in the connection chamber 3 separately for the ejector 4, and the high-speed injector can be made smaller. In particular, by incorporating the ejector 4 into one of the short-circuit electrodes, there is no need to provide a movable electrode separate from the short-circuit electrode (such as a movable electrode facing the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 14), and the space is reduced. can.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing the essential parts of the high-speed feeder 200 according to the third embodiment. When a movable electrode (auxiliary electrode 13) is provided separately from the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12, that is, when the movable electrode is not grounded and is used as a floating electrode, the positional relationship of the electrodes before the closing operation may be as follows. . That is, the shortest distance between the fixed short-circuiting electrodes is defined as a first inter-electrode distance 41, the shortest distance between one fixed short-circuiting electrode and the movable electrode is defined as a second inter-electrode distance 42, and the other fixed short-circuiting electrode is defined as a first inter-electrode distance 41. When the shortest distance between the electrode and the movable electrode is the third inter-electrode distance 43, at least one of the second inter-electrode distance 42 and the third inter-electrode distance 43 is equal to or less than the first inter-electrode distance 41. good too. In this way, compared to the case where only the fixed short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are subjected to dielectric breakdown, the insulation distance can be shortened when the fixed short-circuiting electrodes are electrically connected via the movable electrode. The time required can be shortened. As an example, if the insulation distance is set so that the sum of the second inter-electrode distance 42 and the third inter-electrode distance 43 is equal to the first inter-electrode distance 41, then the second and third inter-electrode distances The distances (42, 43) can be substantially half the first inter-electrode distance 41, allowing the throwing distance of the movable electrodes to be halved.

It should be noted that such an inter-electrode distance relationship can also be applied to a configuration having a fixed auxiliary electrode 13 in the high-speed feeder 200 according to Embodiment 2 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, for example. That is, the positional relationship of the electrodes may be as follows. That is, the shortest distance between the fixed short-circuiting electrodes is defined as a first inter-electrode distance 41, the shortest distance between one fixed short-circuiting electrode and the fixed auxiliary electrode is defined as a second inter-electrode distance 42, and the other fixed short-circuiting electrode is defined as a first inter-electrode distance 41. When the shortest distance between the short-circuiting electrode and the fixed auxiliary electrode is defined as the third inter-electrode distance 43, at least one of the second inter-electrode distance 42 and the third inter-electrode distance 43 is equal to the first inter-electrode distance 41. It may be below. Even in such a case, compared with the case where only the fixed short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12 are broken down, the insulation distance can be shortened when the fixed short-circuiting electrodes are electrically connected via the fixed auxiliary electrode. , the time required for input can be shortened.
(Modification 3-1)
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder 301 according to modification 3-1 of the third embodiment. A high-speed injector 301 shown in FIG. 19 differs from the example of the high-speed injector 300 of Embodiment 3 shown in FIG. In other words, the ejector 4 has a storage portion 20 that stores the conductive particles 22 inside the communication passage 7 .

The storage unit 20 may be the same as that shown in modification 1-1. In addition, in the ejector 4 coupled to the movable electrode, it is more preferable that the conductive particles 22 stored in the storage section 20 are sufficiently lighter than the weight of the movable electrode. The conductive particles 22 are suitable, for example, metal particles.

Other configurations of the ejector 4 may be the same as those of Modified Example 1-1. For example, in this modification, the charged particle generator 8 also functions as a pressure adjustment mechanism that adjusts the internal pressure of the pressure chamber 5 by external control (voltage application to the ignition electrodes 81 and 82). In addition, in this example, the pressure adjustment mechanism may be other than the charged particle generator 8 .

As described above, according to the high-speed input device according to the present modification, in addition to the effects of the third embodiment, the injector 4 injects the conductive particles 22 into the connection chamber 3 during the input operation to short-circuit. Since the formation of the discharge path DP between the electrodes 11 and 12 can be promoted, the discharge path DP can be formed more reliably.
(Modification 3-2)
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder 302 according to modification 3-2 of the third embodiment. In the high-speed feeder 302 shown in FIG. 20, the housing portion 20 is configured with a pair of valve seats 15 fixed to the communication passage 7 and a sealing body 16 inserted into a region surrounded by the valve seats 15. This is different from Modification 3-1 in that respect.

The configuration of the injector 4 including the valve seat 15 and the sealing body 16 may be the same as that of Modification 1-2 described above. For example, it is possible to combine the valve seat 15 and the partition 14 also in this modified example.

In the example of Embodiment 3 and Modification 3-1 described above, the connection chamber 3 and the pressure chamber 5 are in communication even after the charged particles 21 and the like are discharged. Since the conductive gas G2 released from the pressure chamber 5 can enter and exit through the hole 17, when the pressure in the pressure chamber 5 drops too much, the movable electrodes ( auxiliary electrodes 13 and 12B) are pushed against the electrodes to be electrically connected. The contact pressure applied may decrease.

Therefore, in this modified example, as in modified example 1-2, a sealing body 16 is inserted into the communicating path 7 (including the hole portion 17 in this modified example) so that the communicating path 7 can be sealed. there is As a result, the communication path 7 can be sealed after the charged particles 21 and the like are emitted during the closing operation. Even when the partition 14 is provided, even after the partition 14 is broken, the communication passage 7 can be blocked by the pressure difference between the connection chamber 3 and the pressure chamber 5, preventing an excessive pressure drop in the pressure chamber 5. can be prevented. That is, when the pressure inside the ejector 4 is used as the driving force for the movable electrode, it is possible to prevent the pressure from dropping.

As described above, according to the high-speed injection device according to this modification, in addition to the effects of the above-described modification 3-1, the ejector 4, after the injection is completed, is the driving force of the movable electrode and the electrode to be electrically connected. Since there is provided a mechanism capable of preventing a decrease in pressure, which is also the contact pressure between the electrodes, the short circuit (more specifically, between the short-circuit electrodes 11 and 12) can be electrically connected at high speed and more reliably.

It should be noted that the configurations according to Modifications 3-1 and 3-2 are applicable to a high-speed feeder other than the example of the high-speed feeder 300 of Embodiment 3 shown in FIG. 14 (for example, the high-speed feeder 300 shown in FIG. is also applicable.
Embodiment 4.
The high-speed feeder according to Embodiment 4 basically has the same configuration as the other example (FIG. 16) of Embodiment 3, and further has a sliding portion 99 . FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a high-speed feeder 303 according to Embodiment 4. FIG.
The high-speed feeder 303 is provided with a sliding portion 99 for electrically connecting the main electrode 12A and the auxiliary electrode 12B. The sliding portion 99 can be realized, for example, by winding a ring-shaped spring made of a conductive material around the auxiliary electrode 12B. When the auxiliary electrode 12B is driven in the direction of the short-circuiting electrode 11, it is possible to prevent the auxiliary electrode 12B from being displaced to the left and right of the drawing due to the expansion and contraction of the spring. Further, by inserting the sliding portion 99 between the short-circuiting electrode 12A and the auxiliary electrode 12B, a gap is less likely to occur. Therefore, the electrical resistance of the contact surfaces can be reduced, and the short- circuiting electrodes 11 and 12A can be reliably connected.
Embodiment 5.
Next, an application example of the above-described high-speed feeder will be described. FIG. 22 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit of the power converter 1000 according to Embodiment 5. As shown in FIG. Here, description will be made using the high-speed input device 100 shown in Embodiment 1 as the high-speed input device applied to the power conversion device 1000, but the high-speed input device is according to any of the above-described embodiments and modifications. It can also be applied to high-speed feeders. The example shown in FIG. 22 is a power module circuit 50 of a power converter 1000 that mutually converts AC power and DC power. Terminals A and B connected to the power module circuit 50 in the figure are connected to the host system of the power converter 1000 . The power module circuit 50 includes a semiconductor switch 51 and an electric energy accumulator 52 connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch 51 . In the example shown in the drawing, the high-speed input device 100 is connected between the input terminal and output terminal of a predetermined power module circuit 50 .

As the semiconductor switch 51, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), a thyristor, or the like is generally used. Capacitors are also used as electrical energy stores.

When an abnormality occurs in the power module circuit 50 due to a failure of the semiconductor switch 51 or the like, the effect of the failure of the power module circuit 50 spreads to the host system by turning on the high-speed input device 100 to short-circuit terminals A and B. can prevent Furthermore, by providing redundancy to the number of power module circuits 50, it becomes possible to continue the operation of the power converter even if the failed power module circuit 50 is disconnected.

Also, when the semiconductor switch 51 fails, an arc may occur. Since the arc generates high temperature and high pressure, the longer the arc generation time is, the more likely it is that members in the power converter 1000 will be damaged. Therefore, by closing the terminals A and B by turning on the quick turn-on device 100, the faulty circuit can be electrically disconnected from the host system. According to the power conversion device 1000 according to the present embodiment, since it is provided with a high-speed closing device capable of closing at a higher speed, the arc generation time can be shortened, and the explosion-proof performance of the power conversion device can be improved. can.
Embodiment 6.
Next, another application example of the above-described high-speed feeder will be described. FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the circuit of switchgear 1001 according to the sixth embodiment. Here, the high-speed closing device 100 shown in Embodiment 1 will be used as the high-speed closing device applied to the switchgear 1001. It can also be applied to instruments. In the example shown in FIG. 23, a high-speed closing device 100 is connected to each of the phases RS and ST of a bus 60 consisting of R-phase, S-phase and T-phase.

In this example, the high-speed feeder 100 is in the open state in normal times. When a short-circuit accident occurs between phases, a high-temperature, high-pressure arc is generated in the atmosphere. Since the pressure inside the switch gear 1001 rises rapidly due to the arc, the switch gear 1001 is severely damaged in the worst case. Therefore, by turning on the high-speed turn-on device 100 connected to the correlation, the fault current can be bypassed at a higher speed. As a result, when an arc accident occurs inside the switchgear 1001, the arc generation time can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to reduce the influence of short-circuit accidents between phases, and to provide the switchgear 1001 with high reliability.

100, 101, 102, 200, 201, 300, 301, 302, 303 high-speed feeder 1 insulating container 2 lid 3 connection chamber (arc space)
31 opening 4 ejector 5 pressure chamber 6 nozzle 7 communication path 8 charged particle generator 81, 82 ignition electrode 83 fuse 9 opening 10 injection port 11, 12 electrode (short-circuiting electrode)
12A Main Electrode 12B Auxiliary Electrode 13 Auxiliary Electrode 14 Partition 15 Valve Seat 16 Seal 17 Hole 18 Insulating Container 19A, 19B Holding Member 20 Storage Part 21 Charged Particle 22 Conductive Particle 1000 Power Converter 50 Power Module Circuit 51 Semiconductor switch 52 electric energy accumulator 1001 switchgear 60 busbar 99 oscillating part

Claims (19)

1. a connection chamber provided within the insulating container;
   a first electrode and a second electrode made of an electrically conductive material and arranged electrically apart in said connection chamber at least prior to a closing operation;
   an ejector that communicates with the connection chamber and is capable of ejecting at least one of charged particles and conductive particles;
   A high-speed injector, wherein when the injection operation is started, the injector injects at least one of the charged particles and the conductive particles into the connection chamber.
2. The ejector is
   a charged particle generator that generates the charged particles;
   a nozzle forming a communication path connecting the space in which the charged particle generator is housed and the connection chamber;
   The high-speed thrower according to claim 1, wherein when the throwing operation is started, the ejector injects the charged particles into the connection chamber through the communication path.
3. The conductive particles are stored in the communication path,
   The high-speed injector according to claim 2, wherein when the injection operation is started, the injector injects the conductive particles together with the charged particles into the connection chamber.
4. The ejector is
   a pressure chamber whose internal pressure is adjusted by external control;
   a nozzle forming a communication path connecting the pressure chamber and the connection chamber;
   The conductive particles are stored in the communication path,
   The high-speed thrower according to claim 1, wherein when the throwing operation is started, the injector injects the conductive particles into the connection chamber through the communication path.
5. Having a charged particle generator for generating the charged particles as an internal pressure adjustment mechanism of the pressure chamber,
   5. The high-speed thrower according to claim 4, wherein when the throwing operation is started, the injector injects the conductive particles together with the charged particles into the connection chamber.
6. The high-speed injection according to any one of claims 2, 3, or 5, wherein the charged particle generator includes an arc electrode pair that generates an arc, and the charged particles are generated by current flowing through the arc electrode pair. vessel.
7. The high-speed feeder according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein an opening/closing type partition is provided in the communication passage.
8. 8. The high-speed feeder according to claim 7, wherein the openable partition includes a sealing body movable within the communicating path, and a valve seat supporting the sealing body within the communicating path.
9. A third electrode made of a conductive material and electrically separated from the first electrode and the second electrode at least before the closing operation,
   the third electrode has a hole communicating with the connection chamber,
   9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein when the injection operation is started, the injector injects at least one of the charged particles and the conductive particles into the connection chamber through the hole. A fast injector as described.
10. The shortest distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is the distance between the first electrodes,
    The shortest distance between the first electrode and the third electrode is the distance between the second electrodes,
    When the shortest distance between the second electrode and the third electrode is the distance between the third electrodes,
    The high-speed thrower according to claim 9, wherein at least one of said second inter-electrode distance and said third inter-electrode distance is equal to or less than said first inter-electrode distance in a state before said throwing operation.
11. one of the first electrode and the second electrode has a hole communicating with the connection chamber;
    9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein when the injection operation is started, the injector injects at least one of the charged particles and the conductive particles into the connection chamber through the hole. A fast injector as described.
12. The electrode having the hole is a movable electrode that can be electrically connected to and separated from the electrode to be electrically connected,
    When the injection operation is started, the movable electrode moves toward the electrode to be electrically connected, and the ejector moves the charged particles and the conductive particles into the connection chamber through the hole. The high-speed injector according to any one of claims 9 to 11, which injects at least one of
13. 13. The rapid launcher of claim 12, wherein movement of said movable electrode is driven by said ejector.
14. The movement of the movable electrode is performed until it contacts the electrode to be conductive, and the ejection of at least one of the charged particles and the conductive particles by the ejector is performed prior to the contact. 12 or 13 high-speed feeder.
15. When the injection operation is started, the movable electrode moves toward the electrode to be electrically connected, and the ejector moves the charged particles and the conductive particles into the connection chamber through the hole. The high speed injector according to any one of claims 12 to 14.
16. The high-speed injector according to any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein the ejector is housed inside the electrode having the hole.
17. 16. The high-speed input according to any one of claims 12 to 15, further comprising a sliding portion for electrically connecting the fixed electrode fixed to the insulating container and routed outside the movable electrode and the movable electrode. vessel.
18. a power semiconductor circuit comprising a semiconductor switch and an electrical energy accumulator connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch;
    and a high-speed injector according to any one of claims 1 to 17,
    A power converter, wherein the high-speed input device is connected between an input terminal and an output terminal of the power semiconductor circuit.
19. a busbar;
    and a high-speed injector according to any one of claims 1 to 17,
    The switchgear, wherein the high-speed closing device is provided on the bus bar.

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