WO2022201301A1 - 生体成分測定装置および生体成分測定方法 - Google Patents
生体成分測定装置および生体成分測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022201301A1 WO2022201301A1 PCT/JP2021/011966 JP2021011966W WO2022201301A1 WO 2022201301 A1 WO2022201301 A1 WO 2022201301A1 JP 2021011966 W JP2021011966 W JP 2021011966W WO 2022201301 A1 WO2022201301 A1 WO 2022201301A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/171—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with calorimetric detection, e.g. with thermal lens detection
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a biological component measuring device and a biological component measuring method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a noninvasive analysis system that includes an optical medium, an infrared light source, a probe light source, and a photodiode. Specifically, a biological sample is placed on the surface of the optical medium. An infrared light source emits infrared light. Infrared light illuminates the biological sample through an optical medium. The infrared light is absorbed by the biological sample and the biological sample heats up. The degree of heat absorption of a biological sample depends on the amount or concentration of the biological component in or on the surface of the sample.
- the probe light source radiates probe light, which is visible light, toward an optical medium.
- the probe light is totally internally reflected at the interface between the optical medium and the biological sample and exits the optical medium.
- the absorbed heat of the biological sample is transferred to the optical medium and changes the refractive index of the optical medium.
- a change in the refractive index of the optical medium affects total internal reflection of the probe light at the interface between the optical medium and the biological sample, and changes the traveling direction of the probe light emitted from the optical medium.
- the photodiode detects changes in the traveling direction of the probe light.
- the amount or concentration of the biological component is measured from the change in the traveling direction of the probe light detected by the photodiode. For example, if the sample is a patient's skin, the patient's blood glucose level is measured as the biological component.
- an optical chopper is arranged between the infrared light source and the optical medium.
- Infrared light (continuous light) emitted from infrared light is intensity-modulated by an optical chopper and applied to a biological sample.
- the biological sample is irradiated with pulsed light that is turned on and off at a cycle corresponding to the chopping frequency of the optical chopper.
- a biological sample is irradiated with infrared light intensity-modulated for each different adjustment frequency.
- High tuning frequencies result in absorption processes in regions closer to the surface of the biological sample, while low tuning frequencies result in absorption processes in deeper layers of the biological sample.
- the non-invasive analysis system is configured to analyze different layers of the patient's skin based on changes in the direction of travel of the probe light detected at each of the different tuning frequencies.
- the biological sample in order to accurately measure biological components, it is necessary to place the biological sample in the optimal position where the heat absorbed by the biological sample is stably and efficiently transferred to the optical medium. Therefore, at the start of measurement, the position of the biological sample on the surface of the optical medium is adjusted. In this position adjustment of the biological sample, the change in the traveling direction of the probe light is detected using a photodiode while irradiating the biological sample with infrared light intensity-modulated at a predetermined frequency. However, the higher the adjustment frequency, the smaller the heat absorption of the biological sample. Therefore, the heat absorbed by the biological sample is not sufficiently transmitted to the optical medium, making it difficult to determine whether the position of the biological sample is optimal. As a result, there is a possibility of causing a decrease in measurement accuracy.
- the modulation frequency is set to a high frequency compared to the case where the modulation frequency is changed from a low frequency to a high frequency due to the structure of the optical chopper.
- the modulation frequency is changed from 0 to a lower frequency.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the problems described above, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a biological component measuring device and a biological component measuring method capable of measuring biological components with high accuracy and high efficiency. to provide.
- a biological component measurement apparatus includes an optical medium including a sample mounting surface, an excitation light source that emits excitation light that travels through the optical medium toward the sample mounted on the sample mounting surface, and an optical medium.
- a probe light source that emits probe light that travels through an optical medium
- an optical position detector that detects the position of the probe light emitted from an optical medium
- a biological component acquisition unit connected to the optical position detector, and an excitation light with intensity.
- a modulating section for modulating and entering the optical medium.
- the optical path of the probe light in the optical medium overlaps with the portion of the sample mounting surface irradiated with the excitation light.
- the modulation unit is configured to switch the plurality of modulation frequencies in order from low frequency to high frequency.
- the plurality of modulation frequencies includes a first frequency and a second frequency higher than the first frequency.
- the optical position detector detects the position of the probe light when the sample is irradiated with the excitation light intensity-modulated at the first frequency.
- the optical position detector detects the position of the probe light when the sample is irradiated with the excitation light intensity-modulated at the second frequency.
- the biological component acquisition unit measures the biological component of the sample based on the position of the probe light at the first frequency and the position of the probe light at the second frequency.
- a biological component measuring method is a biological component measuring method for measuring a biological component of a sample.
- a biological component measurement method comprises the steps of: setting a modulation frequency in intensity modulation of excitation light to a first frequency; emitting probe light that travels through an optical medium; A step of detecting the position of the probe light emitted from the optical medium while irradiating the excitation light intensity-modulated at the first frequency toward the and emitting probe light that travels through the optical medium and directs the excitation light intensity modulated at the second frequency toward the sample mounted on the sample mounting surface of the optical medium. detecting the position of the probe light emitted from the optical medium while illuminating the , and measuring the biological component of the sample based on the position of the probe light at the first frequency and the position of the probe light at the second frequency. and the step of:
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a biological component measuring device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart for explaining the basic concept of a biological component measuring method according to an embodiment;
- 4 is a flow chart for explaining a biological component measuring method according to an embodiment; It is a figure for demonstrating the biological component measuring method which concerns on embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of a biological component measuring device according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a biological component measuring device according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. A biological component measuring device 100 according to Embodiment 1 is a device for noninvasively measuring a biological component of a sample 5 .
- the biological component measurement apparatus 100 includes an excitation light source 1, a probe light source 2, an optical medium 3, an optical position detector 4, a biological component acquisition unit 9, a recording unit 10, an optical chopper 11 , a lock-in amplifier 12 , an oscillator 13 and a power supply 14 .
- the optical medium 3 includes a first surface 31, a second surface 32 on the opposite side of the first surface 31, a third surface 33 connecting the first surface 31 and the second surface 32, and the first surface 31 and the second surface 32. It has a fourth surface 34 connecting the two surfaces 32 and opposite the third surface 33 .
- a first surface 31 of the optical medium 3 is an incident surface of the excitation light 6 emitted from the excitation light source 1 .
- the second surface 32 is a sample mounting surface.
- a sample 5 is placed on the second surface 32 and is in contact with the second surface 32 .
- the sample 5 is, for example, the patient's skin or body fluid. If the substance to be measured is a liquid, the sample 5 is a liquid contained in a transparent sample holder.
- a third surface 33 is an incident surface of the probe light 7 emitted from the probe light source 2 . The normal direction of the third surface 33 is tilted with respect to the incident direction of the probe light 7 .
- a fourth surface 34 is an exit surface of the probe light 7 . The fourth surface 34 is inclined with respect to the output direction of the probe light 7 .
- the optical medium 3 may be, for example, a total internal reflection prism (TIR prism).
- the optical medium 3 is transparent to the excitation light 6.
- that the optical medium 3 is transparent to the excitation light 6 means that the optical medium 3 has a light transmittance of 25% or more with respect to the excitation light 6 .
- the light transmittance of the optical medium 3 with respect to the excitation light 6 may be 50% or more, 75% or more, or 90% or more.
- the optical medium 3 is transparent to the probe light 7.
- that the optical medium 3 is transparent to the probe light 7 means that the optical medium 3 has a light transmittance of 25% or more with respect to the probe light 7 .
- the light transmittance of the optical medium 3 with respect to the probe light 7 may be 50% or more, 75% or more, or 90% or more.
- the optical medium 3 is made of a material having a thermal conductivity of 15.0 W/(m ⁇ K) or less.
- the thermal conductivity of the material forming the optical medium 3 may be 10.0 W/(mK) or less, 5.0 W/(mK) or less, or 3.0 W/( m ⁇ K) or less, 2.0 W/(m ⁇ K) or less, or 1.0 W/(m ⁇ K) or less.
- the thermal conductivity of the material of the optical medium 3 is 0.5 times or more that of the sample 5 .
- the thermal conductivity of the material of the optical medium 3 may be 0.75 times or more the thermal conductivity of the sample 5, may be greater than or equal to the thermal conductivity of the sample 5, or may be 1 of the thermal conductivity of the sample 5. It may be 0.5 times or more, or may be 2.0 times or more the thermal conductivity of Sample 5.
- the optical medium 3 is made of chalcogenide glass.
- Chalcogenide glass contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of, for example, 2 mol % to 22 mol % germanium (Ge) and 6 mol % to 34 mol % antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi). At least one selected from the group consisting of 1 mol% or more and 20 mol% or less of tin (Sn) and 58 mol% or more and 70 mol% or less of sulfur (S), selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) element.
- the thermal conductivity of this chalcogenide glass is 0.36 W/(m ⁇ K).
- the excitation light source 1 receives power from the power source 14 and emits excitation light 6 toward the sample 5 placed on the sample placement surface (second surface 32).
- the excitation light 6 is emitted from the excitation light source 1 and enters the optical medium 3 through the first surface 31 .
- the excitation light 6 travels through the optical medium 3 and enters the sample 5 from the second surface 32 .
- the excitation light 6 is absorbed by biological components in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5 .
- the biological component is sugar present in tissue interstitial fluid in the dermis.
- Absorption heat is generated in the sample 5 by the absorption of the excitation light 6 by the biological components. Absorbed heat of the sample 5 is conducted to the optical medium 3 .
- a refractive index gradient region 8 is generated inside the optical medium 3 by generating a temperature gradient region inside the optical medium 3 .
- the wavelength of the excitation light 6 is determined according to the absorption wavelengths of biological components in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5 .
- the wavelength of the excitation light 6 may be longer than the wavelength of the probe light 7 .
- the wavelength of the excitation light 6 is, for example, 6.0 ⁇ m or longer.
- the wavelength of the excitation light 6 may be 8.0 ⁇ m or longer.
- the wavelength of the excitation light 6 is, for example, 13.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the wavelength of the excitation light 6 may be 11.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the excitation light 6 may be light having multiple wavelengths.
- the wavelength range of the excitation light 6 is a wavelength range including the wavelength of the sugar fingerprint spectrum (for example, a wavelength range of 8.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less).
- the excitation light source 1 is, for example, a quantum cascade laser capable of emitting broadband infrared light.
- the excitation light 6 is light having three wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3.
- Light of wavelengths ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 is absorbed by biological components in sample 5 or on surface 51 of sample 5 .
- the light of wavelength ⁇ 3 is not absorbed by the biological component and is used as reference light.
- the probe light source 2 emits probe light 7 .
- the probe light 7 enters the optical medium 3 from the third surface 33 of the optical medium 3 .
- the probe light 7 is refracted at the third surface 33 and travels through the optical medium 3 toward the interface between the optical medium 3 (second surface 32 ) and the sample 5 .
- the optical path of the probe light 7 in the optical medium 3 overlaps with the portion of the sample mounting surface (second surface 32) irradiated by the excitation light 6. there is The probe light 7 undergoes total internal reflection at the interface between the optical medium 3 (second surface 32 ) and the sample 5 .
- the probe light 7 While the probe light 7 travels through the optical medium 3 , the probe light 7 travels through a refractive index gradient region 8 generated within the optical medium 3 due to heat absorption of the sample 5 .
- the probe light 7 is refracted in the refractive index gradient region 8 and the traveling direction of the probe light 7 is changed.
- the probe light 7 (the first emitted probe light 7 a and the second emitted probe light 7 b ) is emitted from the fourth surface 34 of the optical medium 3 .
- the wavelength of the probe light 7 is, for example, 1100 nm or more.
- the wavelength of the probe light 7 may be 1300 nm or longer.
- the wavelength of the probe light 7 is, for example, 1700 nm or less. Therefore, an inexpensive semiconductor laser for optical communication such as an InGaAsP semiconductor laser or an InGaNAs semiconductor laser can be used as the probe light source 2 .
- an inexpensive semiconductor laser for optical communication such as an InGaAsP semiconductor laser or an InGaNAs semiconductor laser can be used as the probe light source 2 .
- the output of the probe light 7 is, for example, 5 mW or less. Therefore, the risk of the probe light 7 damaging human eyes can be reduced.
- the optical position detector 4 detects the position of the probe light 7 emitted from the optical medium 3 .
- FIG. 1 shows a first position 71a of the probe light (first emitted probe light 7a) when the sample 5 is not irradiated with the excitation light 6, and a probe light when the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6.
- a second position 71b of (second outgoing probe light 7b) is shown.
- the sample 5 In a state where the sample 5 is not irradiated with the excitation light 6 (hereinafter also referred to as a "reference state"), the sample 5 does not generate heat absorption. Therefore, no temperature gradient region occurs inside the optical medium 3 and no refractive index gradient region 8 occurs inside the optical medium 3 . Therefore, as indicated by the solid line in the drawing, the probe light 7 (first emitted probe light 7a) in the optical medium 3 is not refracted in the refractive index gradient region 8 and is emitted from the fourth surface 34 of the optical medium 3. emitted.
- the first position 71a of the probe light (first emitted probe light 7a) is the position of the probe light 7 in the reference state and corresponds to the "reference position".
- the optical position detector 4 detects the second position 71b of the probe light (second emitted probe light 7b) while the sample 5 is being irradiated with the excitation light 6.
- the refractive index gradient region 8 is generated inside the optical medium 3 as described above. Therefore, the probe light (second emitted probe light 7b) is refracted in the refractive index gradient region 8 in the optical medium 3 and emitted from the fourth surface 34 of the optical medium 3, as indicated by the dashed line in the drawing. .
- a second position 71 b of the probe light 7 is the position of the probe light 7 detected by the optical position detector 4 while the sample 5 is being irradiated with the excitation light 6 .
- the position of the probe light 7 detected by the optical position detector 4 is displaced from the first position 71a (reference position) to the second position 71b.
- the optical position detector 4 outputs a signal regarding the second position 71b of the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7b) when the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6.
- the optical position detector 4 is, for example, a photodiode or a semiconductor position sensitive element.
- the biological component acquisition unit 9 is connected to the optical position detector 4.
- the biological component acquiring unit 9 acquires the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7, which is the distance between the first position 71a (reference position) and the second position 71b, and from the acquired displacement amount ⁇ , Obtain the amount or concentration of the biological component on the surface 51 of the sample 5 .
- the recording unit 10 records the amount or concentration of the biocomponent obtained by the biocomponent acquisition unit 9 .
- the biological component acquisition unit 9 and the recording unit 10 are, for example, one of the functions executed by the arithmetic processing device.
- the optical chopper 11 is arranged in the optical path of the excitation light 6 .
- the optical chopper 11 chops excitation light 6 (continuous light) emitted from the excitation light source 1 at an arbitrary frequency.
- the excitation light 6 becomes intermittent light (pulse light) that turns on and off at intervals corresponding to the chopping frequency (frequency for turning light on and off) of the optical chopper 11 , and enters the optical medium 3 .
- the optical chopper 11 corresponds to an example of a “modulator” for intensity-modulating the excitation light 6 .
- the chopping frequency of the optical chopper 11 corresponds to an example of a “modulation frequency” for intensity-modulating the excitation light 6 .
- the optical chopper 11 has, for example, a rotating disk in which an opening that allows passage of the excitation light 6 and a light blocking part that blocks the excitation light 6 are arranged in a circumferential direction, and a motor that rotates the rotating disk. is doing. By periodically rotating the rotating disk with a motor, it is possible to switch whether or not to irradiate the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 . That is, the excitation light 6 is intensity-modulated at the chopping frequency of the optical chopper 11 .
- the chopping frequency of the excitation light 6 is determined by the rotational speed of the rotating disc.
- the oscillator 13 is connected to the optical chopper 11 and the lock-in amplifier 12.
- the oscillator 13 sets the chopping frequency (modulation frequency) of the optical chopper 11 .
- Oscillator 13 generates a control signal for chopping excitation light 6 and applies the generated control signal to optical chopper 11 and lock-in amplifier 12 .
- the control signal contains the chopping frequency of the optical chopper 11 .
- the lock-in amplifier 12 is connected to the oscillator 13 and the optical position detector 4.
- the lock-in amplifier 12 synchronizes with the chopping frequency (modulation frequency) of the optical chopper 11 among the signals relating to the position of the probe light 7 output from the optical position detector 4 based on the control signal given from the oscillator 13 . selectively amplifies signals that
- the lock-in amplifier 12 outputs a signal obtained by amplifying the difference between the position of the probe light 7 during the ON period of the chopping cycle of the optical chopper 11 and the position of the probe light 7 during the OFF period of the chopping cycle. .
- the ON period of the chopping cycle corresponds to the period during which the excitation light 6 is irradiated. Therefore, the position of the probe light 7 during the ON period corresponds to the second position 71b.
- the OFF period of the chopping cycle corresponds to the period during which the excitation light 6 is not irradiated. Therefore, the position of the probe light 7 during the OFF period corresponds to the first position 71a (reference position).
- the lock-in amplifier 12 Based on the output signal of the optical position detector 4, the lock-in amplifier 12 generates a signal regarding the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7, which is the distance between the first position 71a (reference position) and the second position 71b. .
- the output signal of the lock-in amplifier 12 has the noise included in the signal related to the position of the probe light 7, which is output from the optical position detector 4, removed. Therefore, biological component measuring apparatus 100 can measure biological components with improved accuracy.
- the operating frequencies of the optical chopper 11 and the lock-in amplifier 12 may be synchronized by directly connecting the optical chopper 11 and the lock-in amplifier 12 without using the oscillator 13 and exchanging signals with each other. .
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart for explaining the basic concept of the biological component measuring method according to this embodiment.
- the biological component measurement method includes a step (S1) of adjusting the position of the sample 5 on the sample mounting surface (second surface 32) while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6.
- step (S1) of adjusting the position of the sample 5 on the sample mounting surface (second surface 32) while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6.
- the optical position detector 4 is used to adjust the position of the sample 5 with respect to the excitation light 6 and the probe light 7 in the traveling direction of the probe light 7.
- the excitation light 6 applied to the sample 5 is absorbed by biological components in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5 .
- Absorption heat is generated in the sample 5 by the absorption of the excitation light 6 by the biological components.
- a temperature gradient region is generated inside the optical medium 3 by conducting the absorbed heat of the sample 5 to the optical medium 3 . Therefore, a refractive index gradient region 8 is generated inside the optical medium 3 .
- the probe light 7 is refracted by the refractive index gradient region 8 and emerges from the optical medium 3 .
- the optical position detector 4 detects the second position 71b of the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7b). By irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6, the position of the probe light 7 detected by the optical position detector 4 is displaced from the first position 71a (reference position) to the second position 71b. Based on the output signal of the optical position detector 4, the lock-in amplifier 12 generates a signal regarding the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7, which is the distance between the first position 71a (reference position) and the second position 71b. .
- step (S1) while changing the position of the sample 5 along the traveling direction of the probe light 7, the operation of acquiring the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7 based on the output signal of the lock-in amplifier 12 is repeatedly executed. , the position where the amount of displacement .delta. of the probe light 7 is maximized. As a result of this search, the position of the sample 5 is determined as the position where the amount of displacement ⁇ of the probe light 7 is maximum.
- the biological component measurement method includes a step (S2) of detecting the amount of displacement ⁇ of the probe light 7 using the optical position detector 4 while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 .
- the excitation light 6 is applied to the sample 5 adjusted to the optimum position.
- the probe light 7 is refracted by a refractive index gradient region 8 generated inside the optical medium 3 and emitted from the optical medium 3 .
- the optical position detector 4 detects the second position 71b of the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7b). Based on the output signal of the optical position detector 4, the lock-in amplifier 12 generates a signal regarding the amount of displacement .delta. of the probe light 7, which is the distance between the reference position and the second position 71b.
- the process of step (S2) can be implemented continuously with the process of step (S1).
- the biocomponent measurement method includes a step (S3) of obtaining the amount or concentration of the biocomponent in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5 from the displacement ⁇ of the probe light 7.
- the recording unit 10 stores a data table in which types of biological components, displacement amounts ⁇ of the probe light 7, and amounts or concentrations of biological components are associated with each other.
- the biological component acquisition unit 9 refers to the data table stored in the recording unit 10 to obtain the amount or concentration of the biological component corresponding to the type of biological component and the amount of displacement ⁇ of the probe light 7 .
- the excitation light 6 is intensity-modulated by the optical chopper 11 and irradiated onto the sample 5 .
- the pumping light 6 is intermittent light (pulse light) that turns on and off at a cycle corresponding to the modulation frequency (chopping frequency of the optical chopper 11).
- the irradiation time per cycle of the excitation light 6 changes according to the modulation frequency. The lower the modulation frequency, the longer the irradiation time per cycle.
- the penetration depth of the excitation light 6 into the sample 5 changes as the irradiation time per cycle changes. Specifically, the longer the irradiation time is, the deeper the penetration depth of the excitation light 6 is. Therefore, the lower the modulation frequency, the longer the irradiation time per cycle, and the deeper the penetration depth of the excitation light 6 into the sample 5 .
- the sample 5 is composed of epidermal tissue, dermal tissue underlying the epidermal tissue, and subcutaneous tissue underlying the dermal tissue.
- Epidermal tissue is mainly composed of keratin
- dermal tissue is mainly composed of interstitial fluid and cells
- subcutaneous tissue is mainly composed of fat.
- the modulation frequency is high, the irradiation time per cycle is short, so the penetration depth of the excitation light 6 into the sample 5 is shallow. Therefore, the information obtained by measurement is mainly information on epidermal tissue.
- the information obtained by the measurement is a combination of the information on the epidermal tissue and the information on the dermal tissue.
- the modulation frequency is lowered, the irradiation time per cycle becomes longer and the penetration depth of the excitation light 6 becomes deeper, so the ratio of information related to the dermal tissue contained in the information obtained by measurement increases.
- the biological component measuring device 100 When measuring a patient's blood sugar level using the biological component measuring device 100, it is necessary to obtain information on the dermal tissue because the biological component is sugar present in the interstitial fluid in the dermal tissue.
- the information obtained from the measurement includes information about epidermal tissue, and this information about epidermal tissue can become noise with respect to information about dermal tissue.
- a plurality of modulation frequencies are switched and intensity modulation of the excitation light 6 is performed for each modulation frequency. Then, based on a plurality of pieces of information obtained corresponding to each of the plurality of modulation frequencies, information on the dermal tissue required for blood sugar level measurement is acquired.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the biological component measuring method according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the biological component measuring method according to this embodiment.
- the step (S1) of adjusting the position of the sample 5 on the sample mounting surface (second surface 32) while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 is performed.
- This step (S1) has a step of setting the chopping frequency (modulation frequency) of the optical chopper 11 to the first frequency f1 using the oscillator 13 (S11).
- Oscillator 13 generates a control signal based on the set chopping frequency (first frequency f1) and applies the generated control signal to optical chopper 11 and lock-in amplifier 12 .
- the excitation light 6 is intensity-modulated at the chopping frequency (first frequency f1) of the optical chopper 11 .
- the step (S1) has a step (S12) of adjusting the position of the sample 5 using the optical position detector 4 while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the first frequency f1.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing the optical path of the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7b) when the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the first frequency f1.
- the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the first frequency f1 is absorbed by biological components in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5 .
- a refractive index gradient region 8 is generated inside the optical medium 3 by conducting the absorbed heat of the sample 5 to the optical medium 3 .
- the probe light 7 is refracted by the refractive index gradient region 8 and emerges from the optical medium 3 .
- the optical position detector 4 detects the second position 71b of the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7b). Based on the output signal of the optical position detector 4, the lock-in amplifier 12 generates a signal regarding the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7, which is the distance between the first position 71a (reference position) and the second position 71b. .
- step (S12) the position of the sample 5 is changed along the traveling direction of the probe light 7 while being irradiated with the excitation light intensity-modulated at the first frequency f1, and the probe is probed based on the output signal of the lock-in amplifier 12.
- the position where the displacement ⁇ of the probe light 7 is maximized is searched.
- the position of the sample 5 is determined as the position where the amount of displacement ⁇ of the probe light 7 is maximum.
- step (S2) After the position of the sample 5 is adjusted in step (S1), next step ( S2) is performed.
- This step (S2) is a step of detecting the displacement amount ⁇ 1 of the probe light 7 using the optical position detector 4 while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the first frequency f1 (S21).
- step ( S ⁇ b>21 ) the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the same first frequency f ⁇ b>1 as the chopping frequency used for position adjustment of the sample 5 .
- the lock-in amplifier 12 Based on the output signal of the optical position detector 4, the lock-in amplifier 12 generates a signal relating to the displacement ⁇ 1 of the probe light 7 when the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the first frequency f1. .
- the displacement amount ⁇ 1 of the probe light 7 is the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7 when the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the first frequency f1.
- the displacement ⁇ 1 of the probe light 7 corresponds to information about the amount or concentration of the biological component in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5.
- FIG. A displacement amount ⁇ 1 of the probe light 7 is stored in the recording unit 10 .
- the step (S2) has a step (S22) of using the oscillator 13 to set the chopping frequency (modulation frequency) of the optical chopper 11 to the second frequency f2.
- the second frequency f2 is higher than the first frequency f1 (f2>f1).
- Oscillator 13 generates a control signal based on the set chopping frequency (second frequency f2) and applies the generated control signal to optical chopper 11 and lock-in amplifier 12 .
- the excitation light 6 is intensity-modulated at the chopping frequency (second frequency f2) of the optical chopper 11 .
- the step (S2) includes detecting the displacement amount ⁇ 2 of the probe light 7 using the optical position detector 4 while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 whose intensity is modulated at the second frequency f2 (S23).
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing the optical path of the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7b) when the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the second frequency f2.
- the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the second frequency f2 is absorbed by the biological components in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5 .
- Absorption heat is generated in the sample 5 by the absorption of the excitation light 6 by the biological components.
- a refractive index gradient region 8 is generated inside the optical medium 3 by conducting the absorbed heat of the sample 5 to the optical medium 3 .
- the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7 b ) is refracted in the refractive index gradient region 8 and emitted from the optical medium 3 .
- the optical position detector 4 detects the second position 71b of the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7b).
- the lock-in amplifier 12 generates a signal regarding the displacement amount ⁇ 2 of the probe light 7 based on the output signal of the optical position detector 4 .
- the displacement amount ⁇ 2 of the probe light 7 is the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7 when the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the second frequency f2.
- the displacement ⁇ 2 of the probe light 7 corresponds to information about the amount or concentration of the biocomponent in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5.
- FIG. A displacement amount ⁇ 2 of the probe light 7 is stored in the recording unit 10 .
- the step (S2) has a step (S24) of using the oscillator 13 to set the chopping frequency (modulation frequency) of the optical chopper 11 to the third frequency f3.
- the third frequency f3 is higher than the second frequency f2 (f3>f2).
- Oscillator 13 generates a control signal based on the set chopping frequency (third frequency f3) and applies the generated control signal to optical chopper 11 and lock-in amplifier 12 .
- the excitation light 6 is intensity-modulated at the chopping frequency (third frequency f3) of the optical chopper 11 .
- the step (S2) includes detecting the displacement ⁇ 3 of the probe light 7 using the optical position detector 4 while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the third frequency f3 (S25). have.
- the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the third frequency f3 is absorbed by biological components in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5 .
- Absorption heat is generated in the sample 5 by the absorption of the excitation light 6 by the biological components.
- a refractive index gradient region 8 is generated inside the optical medium 3 by conducting the absorbed heat of the sample 5 to the optical medium 3 .
- the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7 b ) is refracted in the refractive index gradient region 8 and emitted from the optical medium 3 .
- the optical position detector 4 detects the second position 71b of the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7b).
- the lock-in amplifier 12 generates a signal regarding the amount of displacement ⁇ 3 of the probe light 7 based on the output signal of the optical position detector 4 .
- the displacement amount ⁇ 3 of the probe light 7 is the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7 when the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the third frequency f3.
- the displacement ⁇ 3 of the probe light 7 corresponds to information about the amount or concentration of the biocomponent in the sample 5 or on the surface 51 of the sample 5.
- FIG. A displacement amount ⁇ 3 of the probe light 7 is stored in the recording unit 10 .
- the biological component acquisition unit 9 refers to the data table stored in the recording unit 10, and obtains biological components corresponding to the types of biological components and the displacement amounts ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 of the probe light 7. Obtain the amount or concentration of an ingredient.
- the modulation frequency (chopping frequency of the optical chopper 11) is set to a plurality of frequencies (first frequency f1, second frequency f2 and third frequency f3). ) to detect the second position 71b of the probe light 7 (second emitted probe light 7b) while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 of each modulation frequency, and the displacement amounts ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, Obtain ⁇ 3.
- the number of modulation frequencies is not limited to three, and may be two or four or more.
- the irradiation time of the excitation light 6 per cycle is varied, so that the depth of penetration of the excitation light 6 into the sample 5 is varied.
- the first frequency f1 is lower than the second frequency f2
- the depth of penetration of the excitation light 6 into the sample 5 is increased.
- the absorption heat generated in the sample 5 increases, so the refractive index gradient region 8 generated inside the optical medium 3 also increases.
- the displacement amount ⁇ 1 of the probe light 7 becomes larger than the displacement amount ⁇ 2 of the probe light 7 .
- the displacement ⁇ 1 (first information) of the probe light 7 is obtained by irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at the first frequency f1.
- the first information is information obtained by synthesizing information on epidermal tissue and information on dermal tissue.
- a displacement amount ⁇ 2 (second information) of the probe light 7 is obtained by a measurement in which the sample 5 is irradiated with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at a second frequency f2 lower than the first frequency f1.
- the second information contains more information about epidermal tissue.
- information about the dermal tissue can be obtained by removing the second information from the first information.
- the amount of sugar corresponding to the amount of displacement .delta.1 is obtained, and the amount of sugar corresponding to the amount of displacement .delta.2 is obtained. Then, by subtracting the sugar amount corresponding to the displacement amount ⁇ 2 from the sugar amount corresponding to the displacement amount ⁇ 1, or by dividing the two sugar amounts, information on the dermal tissue can be obtained.
- the plurality of modulation frequencies are changed in order from low frequencies to high frequencies.
- the three modulation frequencies are changed in order of first frequency f1, second frequency f2, and third frequency f3.
- first frequency f1, second frequency f2, and third frequency f3 As shown in FIG. 1, in the configuration using the optical chopper 11 for intensity modulation of the excitation light 6, due to the structure of the motor inside the optical chopper 11, compared to the case where the chopping frequency is changed from a low frequency to a high frequency, when changing the chopping frequency from a high frequency to a low frequency, there is a problem that it takes more time to adjust the chopping frequency.
- the modulation frequency since the modulation frequency is changed in order from low frequency to high frequency, the modulation frequency can be changed quickly. Thereby, the efficiency of measurement of biological components can be improved.
- a step (S1) of adjusting the position of the sample 5 on the second surface 32 (sample mounting surface) of the optical medium 3 is performed.
- the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7 is obtained using the optical position detector 4 while irradiating the sample 5 with the excitation light 6 intensity-modulated at a predetermined frequency.
- the optimal position of the sample 5 on the sample mounting surface is determined by searching for the position where the obtained displacement ⁇ is maximized. At this time, as the modulation frequency becomes higher, the heat absorbed by the sample 5 becomes smaller. Therefore, the heat absorbed by the sample 5 is not sufficiently transmitted to the optical medium 3, making it difficult to determine whether the position of the sample 5 is optimal. Become. As a result, there is a possibility of causing a decrease in measurement accuracy.
- the excitation light 6 is intensity-modulated at a low modulation frequency (the first frequency f1 in the example of FIG. 3), thereby increasing the absorption heat of the sample 5. can do. Therefore, whether or not the position of the sample 5 is optimal can be easily determined based on the displacement amount ⁇ of the probe light 7 .
- the measurement accuracy can be improved by arranging the sample 5 at the optimum position.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a biological component measuring device according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. Biological component measuring apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 2 differs from biological component measuring apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 in that modulator 15 is provided instead of optical chopper 11 and oscillator 13 .
- the modulator 15 is connected to the power supply 14 and the lock-in amplifier 12.
- the modulator 15 generates an intermittent signal (pulse signal) that turns on and off at a cycle corresponding to the set modulation frequency.
- Power supply 14 controls power supply and cutoff to excitation light source 1 according to an output signal provided from modulator 15 . Specifically, the power supply 14 supplies power to the excitation light source 1 during the ON period of the output signal of the modulator 15, and cuts off the power supply to the excitation light source 1 during the OFF period of the output signal.
- the excitation light source 1 is intermittently supplied with power from the power supply 14 to generate intermittent light (pulse light) at a period corresponding to the modulation frequency.
- a signal generator for example, is applied to the modulator 15 .
- the modulator 15 is not limited to a signal generator, and may be any device capable of modulating an electrical signal.
- the power source 14 supplies the excitation light source 1 with a current or voltage modulated according to the output signal of the modulator 15, the power source 14 and the modulator 15 can be may be integrated.
- the lock-in amplifier 12 selectively amplifies the signal synchronized with the modulation frequency among the signals relating to the position of the probe light 7 output from the optical position detector 4 based on the signal given from the modulator 15. . Therefore, the noise included in the signal regarding the position of the probe light 7 output from the optical position detector 4 can be removed. As a result, the biological component can be measured with improved accuracy, similarly to the biological component measuring device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the biological component measuring device 100 shown in FIG. 1 has the optical chopper 11 and its driving mechanism, there is concern that the biological component measuring device 100 will become large and occupy a large installation space.
- the biological component measurement apparatus 100 since a configuration is adopted in which the output signal of the power supply 14 to the excitation light source 1 is modulated, the optical chopper 11 is placed between the excitation light source 1 and the optical medium 3. No installation required. As a result, miniaturization and space saving of the biological component measuring device 100 can be realized.
- 1 excitation light source 2 probe light source, 3 optical medium, 4 optical position detector, 5 sample, 6 excitation light, 7 probe light, 71a first position, 71b second position, 8 refractive index gradient region, 9 biological component acquisition unit , 10 recording unit, 11 optical chopper, 12 lock-in amplifier, 13 oscillator, 14 power supply, 15 modulator, 100 biological component measuring device, ⁇ displacement amount.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る生体成分測定装置の構成を示す図である。実施の形態1に係る生体成分測定装置100は、サンプル5の生体成分を非侵襲で測定するための装置である。
図2は、本実施の形態に係る生体成分測定方法の基本概念を説明するためのフローチャートである。
図5は、実施の形態2に係る生体成分測定装置の構成を示す図である。実施の形態2に係る生体成分測定装置100は、図1に示した生体成分測定装置100と比較して、光チョッパ11および発振器13に代えて、変調器15を備える点が異なる。
Claims (7)
- サンプル載置面を含む光学媒質と、
前記サンプル載置面上に載置されるサンプルに向けて前記光学媒質中を進む励起光を放射する励起光源と、
前記光学媒質中を進むプローブ光を放射するプローブ光源と、
前記光学媒質から出射される前記プローブ光の位置を検出する光位置検出器と、
前記光位置検出器に接続されている生体成分取得部と、
前記励起光を強度変調して前記光学媒質に入射する変調部とを備え、
前記サンプル載置面の平面視において、前記光学媒質中における前記プローブ光の光路は、前記サンプル載置面のうち前記励起光によって照射される部分と重なっており、
前記変調部は、複数の変調周波数を低周波数から高周波数への順で切り替えるように構成され、前記複数の変調周波数は、第1周波数と、前記第1周波数よりも高い第2周波数とを含み、
前記光位置検出器は、前記第1周波数で強度変調された前記励起光が前記サンプルに照射されているときの前記プローブ光の位置を検出し、かつ、前記第2周波数で強度変調された前記励起光が前記サンプルに照射されているときの前記プローブ光の位置を検出し、
前記生体成分取得部は、前記第1周波数での前記プローブ光の位置および前記第2周波数での前記プローブ光の位置に基づいて、前記サンプルの生体成分を測定する、生体成分測定装置。 - 前記変調部は、前記励起光の光路中に配置される光チョッパを含み、
前記光チョッパと前記光位置検出器とに接続されているロックインアンプと、
前記光チョッパおよび前記ロックインアンプの動作周波数を設定する発振器とをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の生体成分測定装置。 - 前記変調部は、前記励起光源に対する電源の出力信号を変調する変調器を含み、
前記変調器と前記光位置検出器とに接続されているロックインアンプをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の生体成分測定装置。 - 前記ロックインアンプは、前記励起光が前記サンプルに照射されていないときの前記プローブ光の第1位置と前記励起光が前記サンプルに照射されているときの前記プローブ光の第2位置との間の距離である前記プローブ光の変位量に関する信号を生成し、
前記生体成分取得部は、前記第1位置と前記第1周波数での前記第2位置との間の距離である前記プローブ光の第1の変位量と、前記第1位置と前記第2周波数での前記第2位置との間の距離である前記プローブ光の第2の変位量とに基づいて、前記サンプルの前記生体成分を測定する、請求項2または3に記載の生体成分測定装置。 - サンプルの生体成分を測定する生体成分測定方法であって、
励起光の強度変調における変調周波数を第1周波数に設定するステップと、
光学媒質中を進むプローブ光を放射するとともに、前記光学媒質のサンプル載置面に載置される前記サンプルに向けて、前記第1周波数で強度変調された前記励起光を照射しながら、前記光学媒質から出射される前記プローブ光の位置を検出するステップと、
前記強度変調における前記変調周波数を、前記第1周波数から、前記第1周波数よりも高い第2周波数に変更するステップと、
前記光学媒質中を進む前記プローブ光を放射するとともに、前記光学媒質の前記サンプル載置面に載置される前記サンプルに向けて、前記第2周波数で強度変調された前記励起光を照射しながら、前記光学媒質から出射される前記プローブ光の位置を検出するステップと、
前記第1周波数での前記プローブ光の位置および前記第2周波数での前記プローブ光の位置に基づいて、前記サンプルの生体成分を測定するステップとを備える、生体成分測定方法。 - 前記光学媒質中を進む前記プローブ光を放射するとともに、前記光学媒質の前記サンプル載置面に載置される前記サンプルに向けて、前記第1周波数で強度変調された前記励起光を照射しながら、前記サンプル載置面における前記サンプルの位置を調整するステップをさらに備える、請求項5に記載の生体成分測定方法。
- 前記励起光が前記サンプルに照射されていないときの前記プローブ光の第1位置と、前記第1周波数で強度変調された前記励起光が前記サンプルに照射されているときの前記プローブ光の第2位置との間の距離である前記プローブ光の第1の変位量を検出するステップと、
前記第1位置と、前記第2周波数で強度変調された前記励起光が前記サンプルに照射されているときの前記プローブ光の前記第2位置との間の距離である前記プローブ光の第2の変位量を検出するステップと、
前記第1の変位量および前記第2の変位量に基づいて、前記サンプルの前記生体成分を測定するステップとをさらに備える、請求項5または6に記載の生体成分測定方法。
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JP7466817B1 (ja) | 2023-07-19 | 2024-04-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 分析装置 |
WO2025017856A1 (ja) * | 2023-07-19 | 2025-01-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 分析装置 |
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DE112021006826T5 (de) | 2023-11-02 |
CN117043580A (zh) | 2023-11-10 |
US12044615B2 (en) | 2024-07-23 |
JP6956930B1 (ja) | 2021-11-02 |
JPWO2022201301A1 (ja) | 2022-09-29 |
US20240151636A1 (en) | 2024-05-09 |
CN117043580B (zh) | 2024-12-03 |
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