WO2022130834A1 - フラーレンの製造装置及び製造方法 - Google Patents
フラーレンの製造装置及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022130834A1 WO2022130834A1 PCT/JP2021/041228 JP2021041228W WO2022130834A1 WO 2022130834 A1 WO2022130834 A1 WO 2022130834A1 JP 2021041228 W JP2021041228 W JP 2021041228W WO 2022130834 A1 WO2022130834 A1 WO 2022130834A1
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- gas
- fullerene
- oxygen
- injection
- raw material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/152—Fullerenes
- C01B32/154—Preparation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/02—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices for feeding measured, i.e. prescribed quantities of reagents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fullerene manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-209111 filed in Japan on December 17, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- a combustion method for producing fullerene by incompletely burning a raw material gas containing a hydrocarbon (hereinafter, also referred to as “raw material gas”) in a reaction furnace, or a raw material gas containing a hydrocarbon is used.
- raw material gas a raw material gas containing a hydrocarbon
- a thermal decomposition method for producing fullerene by thermal decomposition is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- One aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and one of the objects is to provide a fullerene manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method capable of improving the yield of fullerene.
- One aspect of the present invention provides the following means for solving the above problems.
- a reactor that produces fullerenes by incomplete combustion of a raw material gas containing hydrocarbons A first injection section that forms a first combustion flame by incompletely combusting the raw material gas while injecting the raw material gas and the first oxygen-containing gas into the reaction furnace. A second combustion flame is formed by burning the auxiliary gas while injecting an auxiliary gas containing the same or different hydrocarbon as the raw material gas and the second oxygen-containing gas into the reaction furnace.
- the ratio A1 of the carbon atom number of the raw material gas to the oxygen atomic number of the first oxygen-containing gas is adjusted to 0.60 to 2.00, and the raw material gas and the first oxygen-containing gas are contained.
- a first flow rate adjusting unit that supplies gas to the first injection unit, and The ratio A 2 of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas is adjusted to 0.30 ⁇ A 2 ⁇ A 1 , and the auxiliary gas and the second oxygen-containing gas are adjusted.
- the fullerene manufacturing apparatus according to (1) above, further comprising a second flow rate adjusting unit for supplying the gas to the second injection unit.
- the fullerene manufacturing apparatus according to any one of (1) to (6) above, which comprises a decompression mechanism for depressurizing the inside of the reaction furnace while sucking the inside of the reaction furnace. .. (8) Including the step of producing fullerene in the reactor by incomplete combustion of the raw material gas containing hydrocarbons.
- the step while injecting the raw material gas and the first oxygen-containing gas into the reaction furnace, the raw material gas is incompletely burned to form a first combustion flame, and at the same time, the first combustion flame is formed.
- an auxiliary gas containing the same or different hydrocarbon as the raw material gas and a second oxygen-containing gas into the reaction furnace, the auxiliary gas is burned to form a second combustion flame.
- the inside of the reaction furnace is heated to
- the ratio A1 of the number of carbon atoms of the raw material gas to the number of oxygen atoms of the first oxygen-containing gas is set to 0.60 to 2.00.
- a method for producing fullerene wherein the ratio A 2 of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas is 0.30 ⁇ A 2 ⁇ A 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating the configuration of the tip surface of the injection portion of the burner 9A and the burner 10A shown in FIG. 2. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the reaction furnace which comprises the burner 9B and the burner 10B which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the tip surface of the injection part of the burner 9B and the burner 10B shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating the shape and arrangement of the second injection portion 25d and the second injection port 22a included in the burner 10D shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the arrangement of the 2nd injection port 22a of the 2nd injection part 25d provided in the burner 10D shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1.
- the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is produced in a reaction furnace 2 and a reaction furnace 2 for producing soot-like substances containing fullerene by incomplete combustion of a raw material gas containing a hydrocarbon.
- the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a first pipe 6 that connects the reactor 2 and the recovery mechanism 3, a second pipe 7 that connects the recovery mechanism 3 and the cooling mechanism 4. It has a third pipe 8 connecting between the cooling mechanism 4 and the decompression mechanism 5.
- the reactor 2 has a cylindrical peripheral wall portion 2a, an upper wall portion 2b that closes the upper end side (one end side) of the peripheral wall portion 2a, and a lower wall portion 2c that closes the lower end side (the other end side) of the peripheral wall portion 2a. And are arranged in an upright position in the vertical direction. Further, the reactor 2 may have a sapphire glass window 2d for measuring the internal temperature.
- zirconia zirconia (ZrO 2 ), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ).
- Heat-resistant materials such as silicon carbide (SiC).
- a heat insulating material such as an alumina refractory brick or an alumina amorphous refractory may be lined on a small part of the outside and the inside thereof.
- the reactor 2 it is preferable to arrange the reactor 2 in the vertical direction because the influence of the retention of soot-like substances is small.
- the reaction furnace 2 is arranged in the vertical direction, it is preferable to supply the raw material gas from above.
- the reactor 2 can be arranged in a state of being tilted in a horizontal direction or an oblique direction, for example.
- the first pipe 6 is connected to an exhaust gas discharge port 30d (hereinafter referred to as “exhaust gas discharge port 30d”) provided on the lower wall portion 2c of the reactor 2 to discharge exhaust gas.
- exhaust gas discharge port 30d an exhaust gas discharge port provided on the lower wall portion 2c of the reactor 2 to discharge exhaust gas.
- a burner 9 and a burner 10 are provided on the upper wall portion 2b side of the reactor 2. In the reaction furnace 2, the raw material gas injected from the burner 9 and the first oxygen-containing gas are incompletely combusted to produce a soot-like substance containing fullerene.
- the inside of the reaction furnace 2 is heated by burning the auxiliary gas injected from the burner 10 into the reaction furnace 2 and the second oxygen-containing gas.
- high-temperature exhaust gas containing soot-like substances, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc. generated by combustion of the raw material gas and the auxiliary gas passes through the first pipe 6 and reaches the recovery mechanism 3.
- the collection mechanism 3 includes a collector 12 in which the filter 11 is housed, a tank 14 connected to the upper end (one end) side of the collector 12 via a solenoid valve 13, and a lower end (the other end) of the collector 12. ) It has a discharge valve 15 provided on the side.
- the first pipe 6 is connected to the upper side surface of the collector 12.
- the second pipe 7 is connected to the upper part of the collector 12.
- a sintered metal filter is used for the filter 11, for example, a sintered metal filter is used.
- the solenoid valve 13 is branched and connected from the second pipe 7.
- the tank 14 stores, for example, a high-pressure inert gas such as nitrogen gas (N 2 ) or argon gas (Ar).
- soot-like substances contained in the exhaust gas supplied from the first pipe 6 are collected by the filter 11, and then the solenoid valve 13 is periodically opened to collect the soot from the tank 14.
- the inert gas is injected toward 12.
- the soot-like substance adhering to the filter 11 falls off.
- opening the discharge valve 15 it is possible to collect the soot-like material accumulated in the collector 12.
- the cooling mechanism 4 has the same or similar structure as a normal heat exchanger, one end (upper end) side thereof is connected to the second pipe 7, and the other end (lower end) side is connected to the third pipe 8. There is.
- the gas that has passed through the recovery mechanism 3 is cooled. Further, in the cooling mechanism 4, unreacted hydrocarbons and water vapor in the gas can be liquefied and discharged from the drain 16 provided on the lower side.
- the first pipe 6 may be cooled.
- the decompression mechanism 5 is composed of a vacuum pump and sucks the gas cooled by the cooling mechanism 4 through the third pipe 8. As a result, it is possible to discharge the soot-like substance generated in the reaction furnace 2 to the recovery mechanism 3 side through the first pipe 6 while generating a negative pressure with the reaction furnace 2.
- Hydrocarbons contained in the raw material gas include, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 15 carbon atoms such as toluene, benzene, xylene, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene, and coal-based hydrocarbons such as cleosort oil and carboxylic acid oil. Examples thereof include hydrocarbons, ethylene-based unsaturated hydrocarbons, acetylene-based unsaturated hydrocarbons, and aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane and hexane. Further, two or more of these hydrocarbons may be mixed and used. Among the above-mentioned hydrocarbons, the raw material gas preferably contains aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the raw material gas may be diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon, if necessary.
- the hydrocarbon contained in the auxiliary gas may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned raw material gas.
- aromatics having 6 to 15 carbon atoms such as alkanes having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenes having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, alkins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene.
- Coal hydrocarbons such as hydrocarbons, cleosort oils and carboxylic acid oils, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane and hexane, ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and ethyl methyl ether, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, acetone. , Methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and other ketones. Further, two or more of these hydrocarbons may be mixed and used.
- the auxiliary gas preferably contains an alkane having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkene having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and an alkyne having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the auxiliary gas may be diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon, if necessary.
- first oxygen-containing gas and the second oxygen-containing gas are gases containing oxygen molecules, and examples thereof include oxygen gas and air.
- the first oxygen-containing gas and the second oxygen-containing gas may be supplied to the reaction furnace 2 separately from the raw material gas and the auxiliary gas, or the raw material gas and the auxiliary gas may be mixed in advance and then the reaction furnace 2 is used. May be supplied to.
- Examples of the produced fullerene include higher-order fullerenes such as C 60 fullerene (C 60 ), C 70 fullerene (C 70), C 76 , C 78 , C 84 , C 90 , and C 96 .
- the method for producing fullerene of the present embodiment includes a step of producing fullerene by incompletely burning the raw material gas containing hydrocarbon in the reaction furnace 2, and in this step, the raw material gas and the first oxygen-containing gas are used. Incompletely burns the raw material gas into the reactor 2 to form a first combustion flame, and while injecting the auxiliary gas and the second oxygen-containing gas into the reactor 2, the auxiliary gas It is characterized in that the inside of the reactor 2 is heated by burning the gas to form a second combustion flame.
- the ratio A1 of the number of carbon atoms of the raw material gas injected into the reaction furnace 2 to the oxygen atom of the first oxygen-containing gas is preferably 0.60 to 2.00, preferably 0.80 to 1. It is more preferably .70, and even more preferably 1.00 to 1.50. This makes it possible to increase the yield of fullerene.
- the number of carbon atoms supplied in the raw material gas is 20 g / min, that is, 0.217 mol / min.
- the speed is 7 ⁇ 0.217 ⁇ 6.02 ⁇ 10 23 pieces / min.
- the supply rate of oxygen molecules is 13 NL / min (0.582 mol / min)
- the ratio A 2 of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas injected into the reaction furnace 2 to the oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas preferably satisfies 0.30 ⁇ A 2 ⁇ A 1 .
- a 2 is larger than 0.30, there is no or little excess of the second oxygen-containing gas, so that the influence on the incomplete combustion of the raw material gas is small.
- a 2 is smaller than A 1 , the second combustion flame generated by burning the auxiliary gas has a higher temperature than the first combustion flame (incomplete combustion flame) generated by incomplete combustion of the raw material gas. Therefore, the inside of the reaction furnace 2 can be heated by the second combustion flame.
- a 2 satisfies 0.30 ⁇ A 2 ⁇ A 1 and is preferably 0.35 to 0.85, more preferably 0.35 to 0.55.
- a 2 is 0.35 to 0.85, the combustion of the auxiliary gas is close to complete combustion or complete combustion, and the temperature of the generated second combustion flame becomes high, which is preferable.
- the first combustion flame temperature for producing fullerene is 500 ° C to 2000 ° C.
- the temperature of the second combustion flame generated by burning the auxiliary gas is preferably 1000 ° C to 2500 ° C, more preferably 1100 ° C to 2200 ° C. This makes it possible to keep the temperature (atmosphere) in the reactor 2 at a high temperature.
- the soot-like substance is produced by incomplete combustion of the above-mentioned raw material gas. This makes it possible to improve the yield of fullerene contained in the produced soot-like substance.
- the temperature in the reactor 2 heated by the second combustion flame is preferably 1000 to 2000 ° C, more preferably 1500 to 2000 ° C from the viewpoint of improving the yield of fullerene.
- the temperature in the reaction furnace 2 is less than 1000 ° C., the effect of improving the yield of fullerene is low.
- the temperature inside the reactor 2 exceeds 2000 ° C., a large amount of auxiliary gas is required to raise the temperature inside the reactor 2, which is inefficient.
- the temperature inside the reactor 2 can be measured by an ultrahigh temperature thermocouple or a radiation thermometer.
- the pressure in the reactor 2 is preferably 1 to 30 kPa, more preferably 1 to 10 kPa.
- the pressure in the reactor 2 becomes less than 1 kPa, the load of the decompression mechanism 5 becomes large.
- the pressure in the reactor 2 exceeds 30 kPa, the flame may cause a flashback.
- the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention has a burner 9 (hereinafter referred to as “burner 9A”) and a burner 10 (hereinafter referred to as “burner 10A”) shown in FIG. 2 (hereinafter referred to as “burner 10A”). It is equipped with.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the reactor 2 including the burner 9A and the burner 10A.
- 3 (A) and 3 (B) are plan views illustrating the configuration of the tip surface of the first injection unit 23c and the second injection unit 25a, which will be described later.
- the burner 9A of the present embodiment has a celestial cylindrical burner holder 23 attached so as to penetrate the upper wall portion 2b of the reactor 2, and a first burner holder 23 provided inside the burner holder 23 in order from the upper side. It has a premixing chamber 23a, a pressure accumulating chamber 23b, and a first injection unit 23c. Further, a pipe 24a for introducing the raw material gas and a pipe 24b for introducing the first oxygen-containing gas are connected to the upper part of the burner holder 23.
- the pipe 24a is provided with a first flow meter 35a that controls the flow rate of the raw material gas (or liquid hydrocarbon).
- the pipe 24a may be provided with a gasification device such as a heating device for gasifying liquid hydrocarbons, which is located between the first flow meter 35a and the upper part of the burner holder 23.
- the pipe 24b is provided with a first flow meter 35b that controls the flow rate of the first oxygen-containing gas.
- the first flow rate adjusting unit uses the first flow meters 35a and 35b to set the ratio A1 of the number of carbon atoms of the raw material gas to the number of oxygen atoms of the first oxygen-containing gas from 0.60 to 2.00.
- the raw material gas and the first oxygen-containing gas are supplied to the first injection unit 23c.
- the first flow meters 35a and 35b may be any as long as they can adjust the raw material gas (or liquid hydrocarbon) and the first oxygen-containing gas to a predetermined flow rate, and for example, a commercially available mass flow controller or the like can be used. Can be used.
- the first premixing chamber 23a uniformly mixes the raw material gas introduced from the pipe 24a and the first oxygen-containing gas introduced from the pipe 24b.
- the pressure accumulator chamber 23b stores the raw material gas mixed in the first premixing chamber 23a and the first oxygen-containing gas (hereinafter, also referred to as “first mixed gas”) at a predetermined pressure.
- the first injection unit 23c has a plurality of first injection ports 21a, and the first mixed gas accumulated in the accumulator chamber 23b is downward from the first injection port 21a (direction toward the exhaust gas discharge port 30d). Spray towards.
- the first injection unit 23c may be made of a porous ceramic sintered body or a metal powder sintered body.
- the first premixing chamber 23a, the accumulator chamber 23b, and the first injection portion 23c are provided inside the burner holder 23, but the first premixing is performed.
- the configuration may be such that the chamber 23a is omitted. Further, if necessary, the first premixing chamber 23a and the accumulator chamber 23b may be provided outside the burner holder 23.
- the burner 10A connects the second injection unit 25a, the second premixing chamber 26 arranged outside the reactor 2, and the second injection unit 25a and the second premixing chamber 26. It has a connection pipe 27.
- the second injection unit 25a is, for example, a cylinder having a certain thickness, and a second injection port 22a for injecting an auxiliary gas and a second oxygen-containing gas is provided in the reaction furnace 2 on the tip surface. ing. Further, inside the second injection portion 25a, a passage 22b for connecting the second injection port 22a and the connection pipe 27 is provided. The second injection unit 25a is arranged so as to surround the periphery of the first injection unit 23c.
- the shape and number of the second injection ports 22a are not particularly limited, but as an example, they have a circular shape as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the tip surface of the second injection portion 25a is linked, and the plurality of second injection ports 22a are evenly arranged on the tip surface of the second injection portion 25a.
- a link-shaped second injection port 22a may be arranged on the tip surface of the ring-shaped second injection portion 25a.
- the second premixing chamber 26 is connected to a pipe 28a for introducing an auxiliary gas and a pipe 28b for introducing a second oxygen-containing gas.
- the pipe 28a is provided with a second flow meter 36a that controls the flow rate of the auxiliary gas (or liquid hydrocarbon). Even if the pipe 28a is provided between the second flow meter 36a and the second premixing chamber 26 and is provided with a gasification device such as a heating device for gasifying liquid hydrocarbons. good.
- the pipe 28b is provided with a second flow meter 36b that controls the flow rate of the second oxygen-containing gas.
- the second flow rate adjusting unit uses the second flow meters 36a and 36b to set the ratio A2 of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas to 0.30 ⁇ A 2 ⁇ . Adjusting to A 1 , the auxiliary gas and the second oxygen-containing gas are supplied to the second injection unit 25a.
- the second flow meters 36a and 36b may be any as long as they can adjust the auxiliary gas (or liquid hydrocarbon) and the second oxygen-containing gas to a predetermined flow rate, and for example, a commercially available mass flow controller or the like can be used. Can be used.
- the second premixing chamber 26 uniformly mixes the auxiliary gas introduced from the pipe 28a and the second oxygen-containing gas introduced from the pipe 28b.
- connection pipe 27 penetrates the upper part of the peripheral wall portion 2a of the reaction furnace 2 and is a state in which the auxiliary gas and the second oxygen-containing gas (hereinafter, “second mixed gas”) mixed in the second premixing chamber 26 are passed through. Also referred to as) is supplied to the second injection unit 25a.
- the connection pipe 27 may penetrate the upper wall portion 2b of the reactor 2 and supply the second mixed gas to the second injection portion 25a.
- the second injection unit 25a injects the second mixed gas supplied through the connection pipe 27 downward from the second injection port 22a (in the direction toward the exhaust gas discharge port 30d).
- a partition portion 29 is provided between the first injection portion 23c and the second injection portion 25a.
- the partition portion 29 has a first injection port 21a and a first injection port 21a from between the first injection port 21a and the second injection port 22a on the tip surface of the first injection portion 23c and the second injection portion 25a. It has a partition wall 29a projecting downward from the injection port 22a of 2.
- the partition portion 29 may be integrally configured with the heat insulating member 30 arranged in the reactor 2.
- the heat insulating member 30 includes a cylindrical peripheral wall 30a arranged along the inner peripheral wall portion 2a of the reactor 2, a bottom wall 30b arranged along the lower wall portion 2c inside the reactor 2, and a peripheral wall 30a. It has a top wall 30c that closes the upper part of the fire.
- the burner holder 23 and the second injection portion 25a have the first injection port 21a and the second injection port 22a facing the inside of the heat insulating member 30 in a state of penetrating the top wall 30c. Further, the bottom wall 30b is provided with an exhaust gas discharge port 30d that communicates with the first pipe 6.
- the material of the heat insulating member 30 include alumina-based refractory bricks and alumina-based amorphous refractory materials.
- an ignition mechanism 31 for igniting the raw material gas and the auxiliary gas is provided in the vicinity of the position where the first pipe 6 of the reactor 2 is connected.
- the burner 9A and the burner 10A of the present embodiment having the above configuration incompletely burn the raw material gas while injecting the raw material gas and the first oxygen-containing gas from the above-mentioned first injection port 21a.
- the auxiliary gas and the second oxygen-containing gas are injected from the above-mentioned second injection port 22a.
- the inside of the reactor 2 is heated by burning this auxiliary gas to form a second combustion flame (preferably a complete combustion flame) having a temperature higher than that of the first combustion flame.
- the inside of the reaction furnace 2 can be kept at a high temperature, and the yield of fullerene contained in the produced soot-like substance is improved. It is possible to make it.
- a partition portion is provided between the first injection portion 23c (first injection port 21a) and the second injection portion 25a (second injection port 22a) described above.
- the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is distinguished as a burner 9 (hereinafter referred to as “burner 9B”) and a burner 10 (hereinafter referred to as “burner 10B”) shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. It has.).
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the reactor 2 including the burner 9B and the burner 10B.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the configuration of the tip surfaces of the first injection portion 23c of the burner 9B and the second injection portion 25b of the burner 10B, which will be described later. Further, in the following description, the same parts as those of the burner 9A and the burner 10A will be omitted and the same reference numerals will be given in the drawings.
- the burner 10B has a tubular second injection portion 25b.
- the second injection portion 25b is installed in the center inside the burner holder 23, and vertically penetrates the first premixing chamber 23a, the accumulator chamber 23b, and the first injection portion 23c. As a result, the second injection unit 25b is surrounded by the first injection unit 23c.
- a second injection port 22a is provided on the tip surface of the second injection unit 25b, and is surrounded by the first injection port 21a of the first injection unit 23c. ..
- the second injection unit 25b is directly connected to the second premixing chamber 26.
- the burner 9B has the same structure as the burner 9A except that the first premixing chamber 23a, the accumulator chamber 23b, and the first injection portion 23c are vertically penetrated by the second injection portion 25b. have.
- the tip (lower end) of the second injection portion 25b protrudes downward from the tip (lower end) of the first injection portion 23c.
- the positions of the first injection port 21a and the second injection port 22a in the injection direction are different. That is, the second injection port 22a is located below the first injection port 21a.
- the burner 9B and the burner 10B of the present embodiment having the above configuration incompletely burn the raw material gas while injecting the raw material gas and the first oxygen-containing gas from the above-mentioned first injection port 21a.
- the auxiliary gas and the second oxygen-containing gas are injected from the above-mentioned second injection port 22a.
- the inside of the reactor 2 is heated by burning this auxiliary gas to form a second combustion flame (preferably a complete combustion flame) having a temperature higher than that of the first combustion flame.
- the inside of the reaction furnace 2 can be kept at a high temperature, and the yield of fullerene contained in the produced soot-like substance is improved. It is possible to make it.
- the positions of the first injection port 21a and the second injection port 22a described above are different in the injection direction, so that the first injection port 21a and the second injection port 22a are injected in the same direction. It is possible to prevent the combustion flame of the above and the second combustion flame from being mixed. This makes it possible to prevent the fullerene contained in the generated soot-like substance from being burned by the second combustion flame.
- the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is distinguished as a burner 9 (hereinafter referred to as “burner 9C”) and a burner 10 (hereinafter referred to as “burner 10C”) shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. It has.).
- a burner 9 hereinafter referred to as “burner 9C”
- a burner 10 hereinafter referred to as “burner 10C”
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the reactor 2 including the burner 9C and the burner 10C.
- 7 (A) and 7 (B) are plan views illustrating the configuration of the tip surfaces of the first injection portion 23c of the burner 9C and the second injection portion 25c described later of the burner 10B. Further, in the following description, the same parts as those of the burner 9A and the burner 10A will be omitted and the same reference numerals will be given in the drawings.
- the burner 10C has a second injection portion 25c provided in the burner holder 23.
- the second injection unit 25c has a plurality of nozzle units 34 branched from the connection pipe 27.
- the nozzle portion 34 is arranged so as to penetrate the accumulator chamber 23b and the first injection portion 23c in the vertical direction.
- the connection pipe 27 is connected between the second injection portion 25c and the second premix chamber 26 in a state of penetrating the upper center portion of the burner holder 23.
- the nozzle portion 34 may be, for example, a tubular shape or a tubular shape having a certain thickness.
- a second injection port 22a is arranged on the tip surface of the nozzle portion 34.
- a passage 22c for connecting the connection pipe 27 and the second injection port 22a is provided inside the nozzle portion 34.
- the second injection portion 25c includes only one of a tubular nozzle portion 34 (hereinafter, also referred to as “nozzle portion 34a”) and a cylindrical nozzle portion 34 (hereinafter, also referred to as “nozzle portion 34b”). It may be equipped or it may be equipped with both.
- the second injection portion 25c of the burner 10C shown in FIG. 7A includes a plurality of nozzle portions 34a.
- each nozzle portion 34a On the tip surface of the first injection portion 23c and the second injection portion 25c, each nozzle portion 34a has a second injection port 22a opened in a circular shape.
- the second injection portion 25c (second injection port 22a) is surrounded by the first injection portion 23c (first injection port 21a).
- one nozzle portion 34a is arranged in the center portion, and a plurality of nozzle portions 34b are arranged around the nozzle portion 34a.
- the nozzle portion 34a On the tip surface of the first injection portion 23c and the second injection portion 25c, the nozzle portion 34a has a plurality of second injection ports 22a opened in a circular shape, and the nozzle portion 34b opens in a ring shape. It has a plurality of second injection ports 22a.
- the nozzle portion 34a (second injection port 22a) is surrounded by the first injection portion 23c (first injection port 21a), and the nozzle portion 34b (second injection port 22a) and the first injection portion A part of 23c (first injection port 21a) is arranged in a concentric manner alternately.
- the burner 9C is the same as the burner 9A except that the first premixing chamber 23a, the accumulator chamber 23b, and the first injection portion 23c are vertically penetrated by the connecting pipe 27 and the nozzle portion 34. Has a similar structure.
- the tip (lower end) of the nozzle portion 34 protrudes downward from the tip (lower end) of the first injection portion 23c.
- the positions of the first injection port 21a and the second injection port 22a in the injection direction are different. That is, the second injection port 22a is located below the first injection port 21a.
- the raw material gas and the first oxygen-containing gas are injected from the above-mentioned first injection port 21a, and the raw material gas is incompletely burned.
- a first combustion flame for producing a soot-like substance containing fullerene in the reaction furnace 2 at the same time, while injecting an auxiliary gas and a second oxygen-containing gas from the above-mentioned second injection port 22a.
- the inside of the reactor 2 is heated by burning this auxiliary gas to form a second combustion flame (preferably a complete combustion flame) having a temperature higher than that of the first combustion flame.
- the inside of the reaction furnace 2 can be kept at a high temperature, and the yield of fullerene contained in the produced soot-like substance is improved. It is possible to make it.
- the positions of the first injection port 21a and the second injection port 22a described above are different in the injection direction, so that the first injection port 21a and the second injection port 22a are injected in the same direction. It is possible to prevent the combustion flame of the above and the second combustion flame from being mixed. This makes it possible to prevent the fullerene contained in the generated soot-like substance from being burned by the second combustion flame.
- the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is distinguished as a burner 9 (hereinafter referred to as “burner 9D”) and a burner 10 (hereinafter referred to as “burner 10D”) shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. It has.).
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the reactor 2 including the burner 9D and the burner 10D.
- FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the shape and arrangement of the second injection portion 25d and the second injection port 22a included in the burner 10D.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the arrangement of the second injection port 22a of the second injection unit 25d included in the burner 10D.
- the burner 9D of the present embodiment has the same configuration as the burner 9A described above.
- the burner 10D has a second injection unit 25d as shown in FIG.
- the second injection portion 25d has a cylindrical shape extending downward from a position surrounding the burner holder 23, and has a cylindrical shape extending downward from the position surrounding the burner holder 23, and has one end side (upper wall portion 2b side) and the other end side (lower wall portion 2c side) of the reactor 2. ) And the surrounding area.
- a plurality of second injection ports 22a are provided side by side on the inner peripheral surface of the second injection unit 25d. Further, inside the second injection portion 25d, a passage 22d for connecting the connection pipe 27 and the second injection port 22a is provided. As a result, the second injection unit 25d can inject the auxiliary gas into the reaction furnace 2 from the second injection port 22a.
- the second injection port 22a on the inner peripheral surface of the second injection unit 25d has a shape and arrangement as shown in FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C in the axial direction of the second injection unit 25d. May have.
- the plurality of second injection ports 22a shown in FIG. 9A are opened in a slit shape in the axial direction in the axial direction of the second injection portion 25d, respectively, in the circumferential direction of the second injection portion 25d. They are arranged side by side.
- the plurality of second injection ports 22a shown in FIG. 9B are opened in a circular shape, and are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the second injection portion 25d.
- the plurality of second injection ports 22a shown in FIG. 9C are each opened in a slit shape in the circumferential direction of the second injection portion 25d and arranged side by side in the axial direction of the second injection portion 25d. Has been done.
- the plurality of second injection ports 22a when the second injection portion 25d has a plurality of second injection ports 22a as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B in the circumferential direction thereof, the plurality of second injection ports 22a , May be formed as shown in FIG.
- the plurality of second injection ports 22a shown in FIG. 10A are formed by protrusions 33 that are obliquely opened in the same direction as each other on the inner peripheral surface of the second injection portion 25d. As a result, it is possible to form a vortex-like flow of the auxiliary gas injected from each of the second injection ports 22a.
- the plurality of second injection ports 22a shown in FIG. 10B are open to each other toward the center of the reactor 2 in the circumferential direction of the second injection unit 25d.
- the auxiliary gas injected from each of the second injection ports 22a can be injected toward the center of the reactor 2.
- the first injection portion 23c is a raw material gas from the first injection port 21a on one end side (upper wall portion 2b side) of the reaction furnace 2 toward the other end side (lower wall portion 2c side). Can be sprayed.
- the second injection unit 25d injects auxiliary gas from the second injection port 22a around between one end side (upper wall portion 2b side) and the other end side (lower wall portion 2c side) of the reactor 2. It is possible to do.
- the raw material gas and the first oxygen-containing gas are injected from the above-mentioned first injection port 21a, and the raw material gas is incompletely burned.
- a first combustion flame for producing a soot-like substance containing fullerene in the reaction furnace 2 at the same time, while injecting an auxiliary gas and a second oxygen-containing gas from the above-mentioned second injection port 22a.
- the inside of the reactor 2 is heated by burning this auxiliary gas to form a second combustion flame (preferably a complete combustion flame) having a temperature higher than that of the first combustion flame.
- the inside of the reaction furnace 2 can be kept at a high temperature, and the yield of fullerene contained in the produced soot-like substance is improved. It is possible to make it.
- TMB 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene
- Example 1 Fullerene was manufactured using the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 having the reactor 2 shown in FIG. 2.
- the tip of the second injection portion 25a has the structure shown in FIG. 3A.
- the reactor 2 is an alumina cylinder arranged in the vertical direction, having a height of 1000 mm and an inner diameter of 200 mm.
- a burner 9A is provided so as to penetrate the upper wall portion 2b of the reactor 2.
- a 60 mm ⁇ 60 mm sapphire glass window 2d is installed in the reaction furnace 2, and the upper side of the sapphire glass window 2d is parallel to the tip surface of the first injection portion 23c.
- the first injection portion 23c is composed of a disk-shaped porous ceramic sintered body having a diameter of 100 mm, and a hole having a diameter of about 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm (first) in the ceramic sintered body. 60 to 80 injection ports 21a) are formed per 1 cm 2 .
- the second injection portion 25a of the burner 10A is made of stainless steel, has an inner diameter of 160 mm, and has a cooling water channel inside. Forty second injection ports 22a having a diameter of 10 mm are evenly arranged on the tip surface of the second injection portion 25a. In the vertical direction, the tip surface of the second injection portion 25a and the tip surface of the first injection portion 23c are at the same height. Further, an alumina partition wall 29a projecting 40 mm below the tip surface of the first injection portion 23c and the second injection portion 25a from between the first injection portion 23c and the second injection portion 25a. Is provided.
- Toluene was used as the raw material gas, and pure oxygen gas (purity 99.9% by volume) was used as the first oxygen-containing gas.
- toluene was heated by a vaporizer installed in the pipe 24a to form a gas, and then supplied to the burner 9A.
- the flow rate of toluene was controlled by a mass controller (AeraSFC168, manufactured by Hitachi Metals, Ltd.), which is the first flow meter 35a.
- the flow rate of pure oxygen gas was controlled by a mass flow meter (mass controller Aera, FC-7810CD, manufactured by Hitachi Metals, Ltd.), which is the first flow meter 35b.
- the flow rate of toluene was 20 g / min, and the flow rate of pure oxygen gas was 13 NL / min. Further, the ratio of the number of carbon atoms of the raw material gas supplied to the reactor 2 to the number of oxygen atoms of the first oxygen-containing gas: A 1 was 1.31.
- Toluene was used as the auxiliary gas, and pure oxygen gas (purity 99.9% by volume) was used as the second oxygen-containing gas.
- toluene was heated by a vaporizer installed in the pipe 28a to form a gas, and then supplied to the burner 10A.
- the flow rate of toluene was controlled by a mass controller (AeraSFC168, manufactured by Hitachi Metals, Ltd.), which is a second flow meter 36a.
- the flow rate of pure oxygen gas was controlled by a mass flow meter (mass controller Aera, FC-7810CD, manufactured by Hitachi Metals, Ltd.), which is a second flow meter 36b.
- the flow rate of toluene was 20 g / min, and the flow rate of pure oxygen gas was 18 NL / min. Further, when producing fullerene, the pressure inside the reactor 2 was set to 5.33 kPa. Further, the ratio of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas supplied to the reactor 2 to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas: A 2 is 0.95, and 0.30 ⁇ A 2 (0.95). ) ⁇ A 1 (1.31).
- the temperature inside the reactor 2 when producing fullerene was 1120 ° C. Further, under the above conditions, the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 was operated for 3 hours, and the produced soot-like substance was recovered from the recovery mechanism 3. In addition, the yield of fullerene was calculated after measuring the content of fullerene contained in the recovered soot-like substance by the method described in the above [Calculation of fullerene]. As a result, the yield of fullerene was 1.2%.
- Example 2 Fullerenes were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the flow rate of toluene as an auxiliary gas was 20 g / min and the flow rate of pure oxygen as a second oxygen-containing gas was 21 NL / min. Further, the ratio of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas supplied to the reactor 2 to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas: A 2 is 0.81, and 0.30 ⁇ A 2 (0.81). ) ⁇ A 1 (1.31).
- the temperature of the reactor 2 when producing fullerene was 1680 ° C. Further, under the above conditions, the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 was operated for 3 hours, and the produced soot-like substance was recovered from the recovery mechanism 3. In addition, the yield of fullerene was calculated after measuring the content of fullerene contained in the recovered soot-like substance by the method described in the above [Calculation of fullerene]. As a result, the yield of fullerene was 1.5%.
- Example 3 Fullerenes were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the flow rate of toluene as an auxiliary gas was 20 g / min and the flow rate of pure oxygen as a second oxygen-containing gas was 25 NL / min. Further, the ratio A 2 of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas supplied to the reactor 2 to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas is 0.68, and 0.30 ⁇ A 2 (0.68). ⁇ A 1 (1.31).
- the temperature of the reactor 2 when producing fullerene was 1870 ° C. Further, under the above conditions, the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 was operated for 3 hours, and the produced soot-like substance was recovered from the recovery mechanism 3. In addition, the yield of fullerene was calculated after measuring the content of fullerene contained in the recovered soot-like substance by the method described in the above [Calculation of fullerene]. As a result, the yield of fullerene was 2.1%.
- Example 4 Fullerene was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that 1-hexene was used as an auxiliary gas, the flow rate of 1-hexene was 13 g / min, and the flow rate of pure oxygen was 25 NL / min as the second oxygen-containing gas. ..
- the ratio of the carbon atom number of the auxiliary gas supplied to the reaction furnace 2 to the oxygen atom number of the second oxygen-containing gas: A 2 is 0.42, and 0.30 ⁇ A 2 (0.42) ⁇ . It was A 1 (1.31).
- the temperature of the reactor 2 when producing fullerene was 1810 ° C. Further, under the above conditions, the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 was operated for 3 hours, and the produced soot-like substance was recovered from the recovery mechanism 3. In addition, the yield of fullerene was calculated after measuring the content of fullerene contained in the recovered soot-like substance by the method described in the above [Calculation of fullerene]. As a result, the yield of fullerene was 1.9%.
- Example 5 Fullerene was manufactured using the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 having the reaction furnace 2 shown in FIG.
- the second injection portion 25b of the burner 10B is a tube made of zirconia.
- a circular second injection port 22a having a diameter of 20 mm is provided at the tip of the second injection portion 25b.
- the tip surface of the second injection portion 25b is 40 mm lower than the tip surface of the first injection portion 23c.
- Fullerenes were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the flow rate of toluene as an auxiliary gas was 20 g / min and the flow rate of pure oxygen as a second oxygen-containing gas was 21 NL / min. Further, the ratio of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas supplied to the reactor 2 to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas: A 2 is 0.81, and 0.30 ⁇ A 2 (0.81). ) ⁇ A 1 (1.31).
- the temperature of the reactor 2 when producing fullerene was 1300 ° C. Further, under the above conditions, the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 was operated for 3 hours, and the produced soot-like substance was recovered from the recovery mechanism 3. In addition, the yield of fullerene was calculated after measuring the content of fullerene contained in the recovered soot-like substance by the method described in the above [Calculation of fullerene]. As a result, the yield of fullerene was 1.1%.
- Example 6 Fullerenes were produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the flow rate of toluene as an auxiliary gas was 20 g / min and the flow rate of pure oxygen as a second oxygen-containing gas was 25 NL / min. Further, the ratio of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas supplied to the reactor 2 to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas: A 2 is 0.68, and 0.30 ⁇ A 2 (0.68). ) ⁇ A 1 (1.31).
- the temperature of the reactor 2 when producing fullerene was 1500 ° C. Further, under the above conditions, the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 was operated for 3 hours, and the produced soot-like substance was recovered from the recovery mechanism 3. In addition, the yield of fullerene was calculated after measuring the content of fullerene contained in the recovered soot-like substance by the method described in the above [Calculation of fullerene]. As a result, the yield of fullerene was 1.4%.
- Example 7 Fullerene was manufactured using the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 having the reactor 2 shown in FIG.
- the tip of the second injection portion 25c has a structure as shown in FIG. 7 (A).
- the nozzle portion 34a of the second injection portion 25c of the burner 10C is made of zirconia.
- a circular second injection port 22a having a diameter of 8 mm is arranged at the tip of the nozzle portion 34a.
- Fullerenes were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the flow rate of toluene as an auxiliary gas was 20 g / min and the flow rate of pure oxygen as a second oxygen-containing gas was 25 NL / min. Further, the ratio of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas supplied to the reactor 2 to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas: A 2 is 0.68, and 0.30 ⁇ A 2 (0.68). ) ⁇ A 1 (1.31).
- the temperature of the reactor 2 when producing fullerene was 1830 ° C. Further, under the above conditions, the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 was operated for 3 hours, and the produced soot-like substance was recovered from the recovery mechanism 3. In addition, the yield of fullerene was calculated after measuring the content of fullerene contained in the recovered soot-like substance by the method described in the above [Calculation of fullerene]. As a result, the yield of fullerene was 1.9%.
- Example 8 Fullerene was manufactured using the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 having the reaction furnace 2 shown in FIG.
- the burner 10D has a second injection port 22a shown in FIG. 9A. Further, the second injection port 22a is open as shown in FIG. 10 (B).
- the second injection portion 25d of the burner 10D is a cylinder made of zirconia, and the inner diameter of the cylinder is 160 mm and the height is 400 mm.
- 16 slit-shaped second injection ports 22a having a width of 8 mm and a height of 45 mm are arranged at equal distances from each other. In the vertical direction, the upper side of the slit-shaped second injection port 22a is at the same height as the tip surface of the burner 9D.
- the flow rate of toluene as an auxiliary gas was set to 20 g / min, and the flow rate of pure oxygen as a second oxygen-containing gas was set to 25 NL / min. Except for the above, fullerenes were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Further, the ratio of the number of carbon atoms of the auxiliary gas supplied to the reactor 2 to the number of oxygen atoms of the second oxygen-containing gas: A 2 is 0.68, and 0.30 ⁇ A 2 (0.68). ) ⁇ A 1 (1.31).
- the temperature of the reactor 2 when producing fullerene was 1960 ° C. Further, under the above conditions, the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 was operated for 3 hours, and the produced soot-like substance was recovered from the recovery mechanism 3. In addition, the yield of fullerene was calculated after measuring the content of fullerene contained in the recovered soot-like substance by the method described in the above [Calculation of fullerene]. As a result, the yield of fullerene was 2.2%.
- the temperature of the reactor 2 when producing fullerene was 500 ° C. Further, under the above conditions, the fullerene manufacturing apparatus 1 was operated for 3 hours, and the produced soot-like substance was recovered from the recovery mechanism 3. In addition, the yield of fullerene was calculated after measuring the content of fullerene contained in the recovered soot-like substance by the method described in the above [Calculation of fullerene]. As a result, the yield of fullerene was 0.6%.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2020年12月17日に、日本に出願された特願2020-209111号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
前記原料ガスと第1の酸素含有ガスとを前記反応炉内に噴射しながら、前記原料ガスを不完全燃焼させて、第1の燃焼炎を形成する第1の噴射部と、
前記原料ガスと同じ又は異なる炭化水素を含む補助ガスと第2の酸素含有ガスとを前記反応炉内に噴射しながら、前記補助ガスを燃焼させて、第2の燃焼炎を形成する第2の噴射部と、を備えるフラーレンの製造装置。
(2) 前記原料ガスの炭素原子数と前記第1の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比A1を0.60~2.00に調整して、前記原料ガスと前記第1の酸素含有ガスとを前記第1の噴射部に供給する第1の流量調整部と、
前記補助ガスの炭素原子数と前記第2の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比A2を0.30<A2<A1に調整して、前記補助ガスと前記第2の酸素含有ガスとを前記第2の噴射部に供給する第2の流量調整部と、を備えることを特徴とする前項(1)に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
(3) 前記第1の噴射部と前記第2の噴射部との何れか一方を囲むように何れか他方が配置されていることを特徴とする前項(1)又は(2)に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
(4) 前記第1の噴射部の少なくとも一部と前記第2の噴射部の少なくとも一部とが同心円状に交互に並んで配置されていることを特徴とする前項(1)又は(2)に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
(5) 前記第1の噴射部と前記第2の噴射部との間に仕切り部が設けられていることを特徴とする前項(1)~(3)の何れか一項に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
(6) 前記第1の噴射部は、前記反応炉の一端側から他端側に向けて前記原料ガスを噴射し、
前記第2の噴射部は、前記反応炉の一端側と他端側との間の周囲から前記補助ガスを噴射することを特徴とする前項(1)又は(2)に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
(7) 前記反応炉内を吸引しながら、前記反応炉内を減圧状態とする減圧機構を備えることを特徴とする前項(1)~(6)の何れか一項に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
(8) 炭化水素を含む原料ガスの不完全燃焼によりフラーレンを反応炉内で生成する工程を含み、
前記工程において、前記原料ガスと第1の酸素含有ガスとを前記反応炉内に噴射しながら、前記原料ガスを不完全燃焼させて、第1の燃焼炎を形成すると共に、
前記原料ガスと同じ又は異なる炭化水素を含む補助ガスと第2の酸素含有ガスとを前記反応炉内に噴射しながら、前記補助ガスを燃焼させて、第2の燃焼炎を形成することによって、前記反応炉内を加熱し、
前記原料ガスの炭素原子数と前記第1の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比A1を0.60~2.00とし、
前記補助ガスの炭素原子数と前記第2の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比A2を0.30<A2<A1とすることを特徴とするフラーレンの製造方法。
(9) 前記反応炉内の温度を1000~2000℃とすることを特徴とする前項(8)に記載のフラーレンの製造方法。
(10) 前記工程において、前記反応炉内を吸引しながら、前記反応炉内を減圧状態とすることを特徴とする前項(8)又は(9)に記載のフラーレンの製造方法。
(11) 前記反応炉内の圧力を1~30kPaとすることを特徴とする前項(10)に記載のフラーレンの製造方法。
なお、以下の説明で用いる図面は、特徴をわかりやすくするために、便宜上特徴となる部分を模式的に示している場合があり、各構成要素の寸法比率などが実際と同じであるとは限らない。
先ず、本発明の一実施形態として、例えば図1に示すフラーレンの製造装置1について説明する。
なお、図1は、フラーレンの製造装置1の一例を示す構成図である。
次に、上記フラーレンの製造装置1を用いたフラーレンの製造方法について説明する。
本実施形態のフラーレンの製造方法は、炭化水素を含む原料ガスを反応炉2内で不完全燃焼させることによりフラーレンを生成する工程を含み、この工程において、原料ガスと第1の酸素含有ガスとを反応炉2内に噴射しながら、原料ガスを不完全燃焼させ、第1の燃焼炎を形成すると共に、補助ガスと第2の酸素含有ガスとを反応炉2内に噴射しながら、補助ガスを燃焼させ、第2の燃焼炎を形成することによって、反応炉2内を加熱することを特徴とする。
次に、本発明の第1の実施形態に係るフラーレンの製造装置1について説明する。
本発明の第1の実施形態に係るフラーレンの製造装置1は、図2に示すバーナ9(以下、「バーナ9A」として区別する。)及びバーナ10(以下、「バーナ10A」として区別する。)を備えている。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態に係るフラーレンの製造装置1について説明する。
本発明の第2の実施形態に係るフラーレンの製造装置1は、図4及び図5に示すバーナ9(以下、「バーナ9B」として区別する。)及びバーナ10(以下、「バーナ10B」として区別する。)を備えている。
次に、本発明の第3の実施形態に係るフラーレンの製造装置1について説明する。
本発明の第3の実施形態に係るフラーレンの製造装置1は、図6及び図7に示すバーナ9(以下、「バーナ9C」として区別する。)及びバーナ10(以下、「バーナ10C」として区別する。)を備えている。
次に、本発明の第4の実施形態に係るフラーレンの製造装置1について説明する。
本発明の第4の実施形態に係るフラーレンの製造装置1は、図8及び図9に示すバーナ9(以下、「バーナ9D」として区別する。)及びバーナ10(以下、「バーナ10D」として区別する。)を備えている。
下記の実施例1~7及び比較例1では、C60及びC70の収率の合計をフラーレンの収率として算出した。
また、「JIS Z 8981」に準拠して、回収した煤状物に含まれるC60及びC70の含有率を、以下のように測定した。
装置:Infinity1260(Agilent製)
試料液の注入量:5μL
溶離液:トルエン(47体積%)/メタノール(53体積%)混合溶媒
溶離液の流速:1ml/分
カラム:YMC-Pack ODS-AM 100*4.6mmID S-3μm,12nm
測定温度:40℃
検出器:UV 325nm(JIS)
下記の実施例1~7及び比較例1の反応炉2内の温度は、サファイアガラス窓2dを利用して、高性能単色温度計マラソンMM(レイテック社製)によって測定した。
図2に示す反応炉2を有するフラーレンの製造装置1を用いて、フラーレンを製造した。第2の噴射部25aの先端部は、図3(A)に示す構造を有している。
補助ガスとしてトルエンの流量を20g/minとし、第2の酸素含有ガスとして純酸素の流量を21NL/minとした以外は、実施例1と同様にフラーレンを生成した。また、反応炉2に供給された補助ガスの炭素原子数と第2の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比:A2は、0.81であり、0.30<A2(0.81)<A1(1.31)であった。
補助ガスとしてトルエンの流量を20g/minとし、第2の酸素含有ガスとして純酸素の流量を25NL/minとした以外は、実施例1と同様にフラーレンを生成した。また、反応炉2に供給された補助ガスの炭素原子数と第2の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比A2は、0.68であり、0.30<A2(0.68)<A1(1.31)であった。
補助ガスとして1-ヘキセンを用い、1-ヘキセンの流量を13g/minとし、第2の酸素含有ガスとして純酸素の流量を25NL/minとした以外は、実施例5と同様にフラーレンを生成した。反応炉2に供給された補助ガスの炭素原子数と第2の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比:A2は、0.42であり、0.30<A2(0.42)<A1(1.31)であった。
図4に示す反応炉2を有するフラーレンの製造装置1を用いて、フラーレンを製造した。
補助ガスとしてトルエンの流量を20g/minとし、第2の酸素含有ガスとして純酸素の流量を25NL/minとした以外は、実施例4と同様にフラーレンを生成した。また、反応炉2に供給された補助ガスの炭素原子数と第2の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比:A2は、0.68であり、0.30<A2(0.68)<A1(1.31)であった。
図6に示す反応炉2を有するフラーレンの製造装置1を用いて、フラーレンを製造した。
図8に示す反応炉2を有するフラーレンの製造装置1を用いて、フラーレンを製造した。
バーナ10Aを有しないフラーレンの製造装置1を用いてフラーレンを製造した以外は実施例1と同様にフラーレンを生成した。反応炉2に供給された原料ガスの炭素原子数と第1の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子との比:A1は、1.31であった。
Claims (11)
- 炭化水素を含む原料ガスの不完全燃焼によりフラーレンを生成する反応炉と、
前記原料ガスと第1の酸素含有ガスとを前記反応炉内に噴射しながら、前記原料ガスを不完全燃焼させて、第1の燃焼炎を形成する第1の噴射部と、
前記原料ガスと同じ又は異なる炭化水素を含む補助ガスと第2の酸素含有ガスとを前記反応炉内に噴射しながら、前記補助ガスを燃焼させて、第2の燃焼炎を形成する第2の噴射部と、を備えるフラーレンの製造装置。 - 前記原料ガスの炭素原子数と前記第1の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比A1を0.60~2.00に調整して、前記原料ガスと前記第1の酸素含有ガスとを前記第1の噴射部に供給する第1の流量調整部と、
前記補助ガスの炭素原子数と前記第2の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比A2を0.30<A2<A1に調整して、前記補助ガスと前記第2の酸素含有ガスとを前記第2の噴射部に供給する第2の流量調整部と、を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。 - 前記第1の噴射部と前記第2の噴射部との何れか一方を囲むように何れか他方が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
- 前記第1の噴射部の少なくとも一部と前記第2の噴射部の少なくとも一部とが同心円状に交互に並んで配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
- 前記第1の噴射部と前記第2の噴射部との間に仕切り部が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
- 前記第1の噴射部は、前記反応炉の一端側から他端側に向けて前記原料ガスを噴射し、
前記第2の噴射部は、前記反応炉の一端側と他端側との間の周囲から前記補助ガスを噴射することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。 - 前記反応炉内を吸引しながら、前記反応炉内を減圧状態とする減圧機構を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載のフラーレンの製造装置。
- 炭化水素を含む原料ガスの不完全燃焼によりフラーレンを反応炉内で生成する工程を含み、
前記工程において、前記原料ガスと第1の酸素含有ガスとを前記反応炉内に噴射しながら、前記原料ガスを不完全燃焼させて、第1の燃焼炎を形成すると共に、
前記原料ガスと同じ又は異なる炭化水素を含む補助ガスと第2の酸素含有ガスとを前記反応炉内に噴射しながら、前記補助ガスを燃焼させて、第2の燃焼炎を形成することによって、前記反応炉内を加熱し、
前記原料ガスの炭素原子数と前記第1の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比A1を0.60~2.00とし、
前記補助ガスの炭素原子数と前記第2の酸素含有ガスの酸素原子数との比A2を0.30<A2<A1とすることを特徴とするフラーレンの製造方法。 - 前記反応炉内の温度を1000~2000℃とすることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のフラーレンの製造方法。
- 前記工程において、前記反応炉内を吸引しながら、前記反応炉内を減圧状態とすることを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載のフラーレンの製造方法。
- 前記反応炉内の圧力を1~30kPaとすることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のフラーレンの製造方法。
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