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WO2022126535A1 - 重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统 - Google Patents

重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022126535A1
WO2022126535A1 PCT/CN2020/137325 CN2020137325W WO2022126535A1 WO 2022126535 A1 WO2022126535 A1 WO 2022126535A1 CN 2020137325 W CN2020137325 W CN 2020137325W WO 2022126535 A1 WO2022126535 A1 WO 2022126535A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete
rail
iron
shoulder
iron base
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/137325
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯毅
雷洁
施庆峰
武光泽
袁宝军
Original Assignee
中铁宝桥集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 filed Critical 中铁宝桥集团有限公司
Priority to MX2023006703A priority Critical patent/MX2023006703A/es
Priority to AU2020481482A priority patent/AU2020481482A1/en
Publication of WO2022126535A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022126535A1/zh
Priority to ZA2023/04518A priority patent/ZA202304518B/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/28—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/28—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members
    • E01B9/30—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members by resilient steel clips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/62—Rail fastenings incorporating resilient supports
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/681—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of railway fastener systems, in particular to a boltless fastener system for heavy-duty railways.
  • Heavy-haul railways have been widely valued by countries all over the world because of their large transport capacity, high efficiency and low transport costs.
  • the fastener system plays an important role in maintaining the gauge and enhancing the stability of the track structure. Because of its simple structure, the boltless fastener system avoids the tightening of bolts and nuts, which greatly reduces the workload of installation and maintenance.
  • the boltless fastener system (CN108625234A) suitable for 35-45T axle load in the prior art includes a pre-embedded iron seat, an e-shaped elastic strip, an insulating gauge block, and a rubber backing plate, and is pre-embedded in the production of concrete sleepers.
  • the iron seat is inserted into the pre-embedded iron seat to withhold the rail through the E-shaped elastic strip, an insulating gauge block is arranged between the shoulder of the pre-embedded iron seat and the rail, and a rubber pad is arranged between the rail and the bearing surface of the concrete sleeper.
  • the fastener system can resist the excessive torsional deformation of the rail through the improved design of the elastic strip and the embedded iron seat.
  • the invention provides a bolt-free fastener system for heavy-duty railways.
  • the lateral force bearing point of the fastener system is moved upward, so as to improve the force condition of the fastener system and improve the The overall stability and service life of the fastener system, and the purpose of meeting the conditions of heavy-duty railway applications.
  • a heavy-duty railroad boltless fastener system comprising,
  • the first iron seat the lower part of which is pre-buried in the concrete sleeper, used for fixing the steel rail, wherein,
  • the top surface of the concrete sleeper has two concrete retaining shoulders, and a rail bearing groove is formed between the two concrete retaining shoulders and the top surface of the concrete sleeper for carrying and installing the steel rail, and,
  • At least one surface of the upper part of the first iron seat is abutted on the inner side of the concrete shoulder, and at least the main part of the upper part of the first iron seat and the abutting surface of the concrete shoulder is an inclined surface, and , the concrete shoulder is matched to form a corresponding slope at the position where the concrete shoulder abuts against the inclined surface of the first iron base, and at least the slope of the concrete shoulder is in contact with all the upper part of the first iron base.
  • the slopes are poured together,
  • An e-shaped elastic strip is installed on the first iron base, and a gauge block is arranged on the inner side of the first iron base, and the gauge block is withheld by the e-shaped elastic strip, and the gauge block can be withheld in the rail-bearing groove.
  • the iron pad is used to fix the rail and is placed in the rail bearing groove.
  • the first iron base has a "T"-shaped structure, including a head structure for installing the e-shaped spring bars and a lower structure for pre-embedding, the inclined surface is located outside the head structure, and The angle ⁇ between the inclination angle and the horizontal is 100 to 130 degrees.
  • a flange extends horizontally outward from the upper end of the inclined surface, and the top surface of the flange is flush with the top surface of the concrete shoulder.
  • the upper part of the inner side of the first iron base has a boss, and the top surface of the boss is flush with the top surface of the end of the rail bearing groove.
  • the present invention has lateral support on the outside of the head position of the fixed spring bars of the embedded iron seat by improving the shape of the top of the sleeper, optimizing the head structure of the embedded iron seat and the matching relationship between the embedded iron seat and the sleeper. , and then the lateral force point of the head position of the embedded iron seat is moved up, which improves the ability of the embedded iron seat to resist lateral impact, thereby improving the overall stability and service life of the fastener system. It is especially suitable for the use of heavy-duty railways with large axle loads of 40 tons and above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure of the iron base of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a structural perspective view of the track gauge block of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the iron backing plate in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of the structure of the iron backing plate in FIG. 5 .
  • the present invention provides a bolt-free fastener system for heavy-duty railways, which is used for the fixing of rail limbs of railway rails or the fixing of iron pads for fixing and installing rails at the bottom of the rails.
  • the position The side facing or close to the rail to be fixed is generally referred to as the inner or inner side, etc.
  • the side facing away from or away from the rail to be fixed is generally referred to as the outer or outer side, etc.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 .
  • the heavy-duty railway boltless fastener system of this embodiment is used for directly fixing the rail legs of the railway rail 8 .
  • the present invention provides a boltless fastener system for heavy-duty railways, comprising,
  • the lower part of the first iron base 3 is pre-buried in the concrete sleeper 1 for fixing the rail 8 .
  • the top surface of the concrete sleeper 1 has two concrete retaining shoulders 2, and a rail bearing groove 12 is formed between the two concrete retaining shoulders 2 and the top surface of the concrete sleeper 1, which is used for carrying and installing the steel rail 8, and,
  • At least one surface of the upper part of the first iron base 3 is abutted on the inner side of the concrete shoulder 2, and at least the main part of the abutting surface of the upper part of the first iron base 3 and the concrete shoulder 2 is: an inclined surface 9, and the concrete shoulder 2 forms a corresponding slope 13 at the position where the concrete shoulder 2 abuts against the inclined surface 9 of the first iron base 3, and at least the slope of the concrete shoulder 2 13 is cast together with the inclined surface 9 on the upper part of the first iron base 3; an e-shaped elastic bar 6 is installed on the first iron base 3, and the inner side of the first iron base 3 and the rail 8 are arranged There is a gauge block 7 , and the gauge block 7 is crimped by the e-shaped elastic strip 6 , and the gauge block 7 can be crimped on the rail limb of the steel rail 8 seated in the rail bearing groove 12 .
  • the first iron base 3 has a structure similar to a "T" shape when viewed vertically and in a direction perpendicular to the steel rail, and the T-shaped structure has a T-shaped structure for installing the e-shaped elastic bar 6 .
  • the head structure 4 and the lower structure 5 of the T-shaped structure for pre-embedding in the concrete sleeper 1 .
  • the installation method of the e-shaped elastic strip 6 is exactly the same as that in the prior art.
  • the inclined surface 9 of the first iron base 3 of the present invention is formed on the head of the T-shaped structure, and is located on the outer side of the head structure 4 of the T-shaped structure away from the rail 8 in the installed state,
  • the inclination angle ⁇ formed by the inclined surface 9 of the first iron base 3 and the horizontal direction is 100 to 130.
  • the slope on the concrete shoulder 2 which is cast together with the inclined surface 9 of the first iron base 3 in a form fit 13 also forms an inclination angle ⁇ of 100 to 130 with respect to the horizontal direction.
  • the upper part of the first iron base 3 is close to one side of the rail-bearing groove, and has a boss 11 , and the top surface of the boss 11 is flush with the concrete top surface at the end of the rail-bearing groove 12 .
  • the gauge block 7 may have a first groove 16 , and the inner end of the head structure 4 of the first iron base 3 is embedded in the first groove 16 , and the inner end of the gauge block 7 is crimped on the rail 8 on the rails.
  • the slope of the concrete shoulder 2 and the inclined surface of the first iron seat 3 are also approximately in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1 , that is, the slope and the inclined plane are also approximately in the direction extending along the rail.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
  • the heavy-duty railway boltless fastener system of this embodiment is used to fix and install the iron on the bottom of the rail 8.
  • the backing plate 15 , the iron backing plate 15 is used for fixing the steel rail 8 , and is placed in the rail bearing groove 12 .
  • a second embodiment of the present invention discloses a boltless fastener system for heavy-duty railways, including,
  • the lower part of the first iron base 3 is pre-buried in the concrete sleeper 1 , and is used for fixedly installing the iron backing plate 15 for arranging the steel rail 8 and located at the bottom of the rail 8 .
  • the top surface of the concrete sleeper 1 has two concrete retaining shoulders 2, and a rail bearing groove 12 is formed between the two concrete retaining shoulders 2 and the top surface of the concrete sleeper 1, which is used to carry and place the iron backing plate 15, and,
  • At least one surface of the upper part of the first iron base 3 is abutted on the inner side of the concrete shoulder 2, and at least the main part of the abutting surface of the upper part of the first iron base 3 and the concrete shoulder 2 is: an inclined surface 9, and the concrete shoulder 2 forms a corresponding slope 13 at the position where the concrete shoulder 2 abuts against the inclined surface 9 of the first iron base 3, and at least the slope of the concrete shoulder 2 13 is cast together with the inclined surface 9 on the upper part of the first iron base 3 ; an e-shaped elastic strip 6 is installed on the first iron base 3 .
  • the first iron base 3 has a structure similar to a "T" shape when viewed vertically and in a direction perpendicular to the steel rail, and the T-shaped structure has a T-shaped structure for installing the e-shaped elastic bar 6 .
  • the head structure 4 and the lower structure 5 of the T-shaped structure for pre-embedding in the concrete sleeper 1 .
  • the installation method of the e-shaped spring bar 6 itself is exactly the same as that in the prior art.
  • the inclined surface 9 of the first iron seat 3 of the present invention is formed on the head of the T-shaped structure, and is located on the outer side of the head structure 4 away from the rail 8 in the installed state.
  • the first iron seat The inclination angle ⁇ formed by the inclined surface 9 of the first iron base 3 and the horizontal direction is 100 to 130 degrees.
  • the slope 13 on the concrete shoulder 2 that is cast together with the inclined surface 9 of the first iron base 3 is also in line with the horizontal direction.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ formed by the directions is 100 to 130 degrees.
  • the upper part of the first iron base 3 is close to one side of the rail-bearing groove, and has a boss 11 , and the top surface of the boss 11 is flush with the concrete top surface at the end of the rail-bearing groove 12 .
  • T-shaped first iron base 3 In addition to the structure of the T-shaped first iron base 3 described above, other structures of the T-shaped first iron base 3, the gauge block 7, and the e-shaped spring bar 6 are all Existing structures and installation methods can be used.
  • a height-adjusting backing plate 17 is arranged in the rail bearing groove 12 , an iron backing plate 15 is arranged on the height-adjusting backing plate 17 , and a lower rail backing plate 14 is arranged on the iron backing plate 15 , The steel rail 8 is then set on the under-rail backing plate 14 .
  • a second iron seat 18 is welded on both sides of the upper end surface of the iron backing plate 15 , and an e-shaped elastic strip 6 is also installed on the second iron seat 18 .
  • the gauge block 7 has a first groove 16 on the outside of the gauge block 7, and the inner end of the second iron seat 18 is embedded in the first groove 16, and the gauge block 7 is pressed by the e-shaped elastic bar 6, Make the gauge block 7 withhold on the rail leg of the rail 8 .
  • Both ends of the iron backing plate 15 have second grooves 19 respectively.
  • a gauge block 7 is also provided between the inner side of the first iron base 3 and the iron backing plate 15 , and the inner end of the head structure 4 of the first iron base 3 is embedded in the first iron base 3 .
  • groove 16, and the lower end of the gauge block 7 is embedded in the second groove 19 to prevent the iron pad 15 from moving in the direction of the line, and the gauge block 7 is pressed by the e-shaped elastic bar 6, so that the gauge block 7 The inner end is crimped on the end of the iron backing plate 15 .
  • the slope 13 of the concrete shoulder 2 and the The slope 9 is also approximately in a direction perpendicular to the drawing of FIG. 5 , ie the slope and the slope are also approximately in a direction extending along the rail.
  • the first iron base 3 of the present invention bears the lateral force from the rail 8 or the iron backing plate 15, and the lateral force is transmitted through the inclined surface 9 and the slope 13 to the
  • the lateral force transmitted by the first iron base 3 to the concrete sleeper is decomposed into the vertical upward component force and the vertical force by the inclined plane.
  • the magnitude of the component force in the two directions is changed by the change of the slope of the slope.
  • the vertical upward component force is offset by the pull-out force generated after the first iron seat is buried in the sleeper.
  • the concrete block The shoulder 2 only bears the component force perpendicular to the inclined plane, which obviously optimizes the stress conditions of the concrete shoulder 2, improves the ability of the embedded iron base to resist lateral impact, and further improves the overall stability and service life of the fastener system. It is especially suitable for It is used for heavy-duty railways with large axle loads of 40 tons and above.
  • the inner side of the concrete shoulder 2 is set as a slope, which on the one hand facilitates the demoulding during sleeper manufacture, and on the other hand increases the space of the rail bearing groove at the top of the sleeper, which is beneficial to the on-site maintenance of the fastener system.
  • the reason why the inclination angle ⁇ formed by the slope 13 and the inclined plane 9 and the horizontal direction in the present invention is selected to be 100 to 130 degrees is mainly to ensure that the concrete shoulder 2 can provide sufficient lateral force support, and as far as possible A part of the lateral force is decomposed into vertical upward component forces, which optimizes the stress conditions of the concrete shoulder 2 to the greatest extent.
  • the purpose of providing the flange 10 and the boss 11 in the present invention is mainly to facilitate the positioning of the embedded iron seat during pouring, and the flange 10 also has the effect of further improving the resistance of the embedded iron seat to lateral impact.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)

Abstract

一种重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，包括混凝土轨枕(1)，所述混凝土轨枕(1)顶面具有两个混凝土挡肩(2)，所述两个混凝土挡肩(2)之间形成承轨槽(12)；所述混凝土挡肩(2)内侧预埋第一铁座(3)，所述第一铁座(3)的上部的一面贴靠在混凝土挡肩(2)朝向内侧的一个面上，所述第一铁座(3)上部与混凝土挡肩(2)贴靠面的主要部分为一斜面(9)，并且，所述混凝土挡肩(2)在其与所述第一铁座(3)的所述斜面(9)贴靠的部位配合地形成相应的斜坡(13)，且所述斜坡(13)与所述斜面(9)浇筑在一起；所述第一铁座(3)上安装有e形弹条(6)、内侧设置有轨距块(7)，通过e形弹条(6)扣压轨距块(7)，轨距块(7)可被扣压在坐落在承轨槽(12)中的钢轨(8)的轨肢上，或可被扣压在钢轨(8)轨底的铁垫板(15)上。特别适合于40吨及以上大轴重重载铁路使用。

Description

重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统
交叉参考相关引用
本申请要求2020年12月15日递交的申请号为202011475303.0、发明名称为“重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于铁路扣件系统技术领域，具体涉及一种重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统。
背景技术
重载铁路因其运能大、效率高、运输成本低已受到世界各国的广泛重视。扣件系统作为重载铁路轨道结构的重要组成部分之一，对保持轨距、增强轨道结构稳定性具有重要作用。无螺栓扣件系统因其结构简单同时避免了螺栓和螺母紧固作业，大大减少了安装维护工作量。
已有技术中适用于35～45T轴重的无螺栓扣件系统(CN108625234A)，包括预埋铁座、e形弹条、绝缘轨距块、橡胶垫板，在制作混凝土轨枕时预先埋设预埋铁座，通过e形弹条插入预埋铁座扣压钢轨，预埋铁座挡肩与钢轨间设置绝缘轨距块，钢轨与混凝土轨枕承轨面间设橡胶垫板。该扣件系统通过弹条和预埋铁座的改进设计，使扣件能够抵抗钢轨过大的扭转变形。但该扣件系统预埋铁座的上段外侧依然悬空，使预埋铁座固定弹条的头部位置外侧缺少横向支撑，预埋铁座横向受力点处于铁座下段，横向受力点位置较低，导致在40吨及以上大轴重条件下预埋铁座抵抗横向冲击能力较弱，严重影响扣件系统的整体稳定性和使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明提供一种重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，通过优化预埋铁座与轨枕的配合关系，将扣件系统的横向力受力点上移，从而达到改善扣件系统受力条件，提高扣件系统的整体稳定性和使用寿命、满足重载铁路应用条件之目的。
本发明的技术解决方案：
一种重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，包括，
混凝土轨枕，用于承载和安置钢轨，
第一铁座，其下部被预埋于所述的混泥土轨枕中，用于固定安装所述的钢轨，其中，
所述混凝土轨枕顶面具有两个混凝土挡肩，所述两个混凝土挡肩之间与混泥土轨枕顶面一起形成一承轨槽，用于承载和安装所述钢轨，并且，
至少所述的第一铁座的上部的一面贴靠在混泥土挡肩朝向内侧的一个面上，至少所述第一铁座上部与混泥土挡肩贴靠面的主要部分为一斜面，并且，所述混凝土挡肩在其与所述第一铁座的所述斜面贴靠的部位配合地形成相应的斜坡，且至少所述混泥土挡肩的斜坡与所述第一铁座上部的所述斜面浇筑在一起，
所述第一铁座上安装有e形弹条，所述第一铁座的内侧设置有轨距块，通过e形弹条扣压轨距块，轨距块可被扣压在坐落在承轨槽中的钢轨的轨肢上，或可被扣压在钢轨轨底的铁垫板上，所述的铁垫板用于固定安装所述的钢轨，并被置于所述承轨槽中。
进一步的，所述第一铁座呈“T”型结构，包括用于安装e形弹条的头部结构及用于预埋的下部结构，所述斜面位于所述头部结构的外侧，且倾斜角度与水平的夹角α为100至130度。
进一步的，所述斜面上端水平向外延伸有凸缘，且凸缘的顶面与所述混凝土挡肩的顶面平齐。
进一步的，所述第一铁座内侧上部具有凸台，且凸台的顶面与所述承轨槽端部的顶面平齐。
本发明与现有技术相比：通过改进轨枕顶部形状、优化预埋铁座头部结构以及预埋铁座与轨枕的配合关系，使预埋铁座固定弹条的头部位置外侧具有横向支撑，进而使预埋铁座头部位置横向受力点上移，提高预埋铁座抵抗横向冲击的能力，进而提高扣件系统的整体稳定性和使用寿命。特别适合于40吨及以上大轴重重载铁路使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一种实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本发明铁座的结构主视图。
图3为图2的左视图。
图4为图2的俯视图。
图5为本发明轨距块的结构立体图。
图6为本发明第二种实施例的结构示意图。
图7为图5中铁垫板的结构剖视图。
图8为图5中铁垫板的结构俯视图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，用于铁路钢轨的轨肢的固定或钢轨轨底的用于固定安装钢轨的铁垫板的固定，本发明公开披露的系统中，位置上朝向或靠近被固定钢轨的一侧的一般称为内或内侧等，而背离或远离用于被固定钢轨的一侧的一般称为外或外侧等。
下面结合附图1、2、3、4、5描述本发明的第一种实施例，该实施例的重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统用于直接对铁路钢轨8的轨肢的固定。
本发明提供了一种重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，包括，
混凝土轨枕1，用于承载和安置钢轨8，
第一铁座3，其下部被预埋于所述的混泥土轨枕1中，用于固定安装所述的钢轨8。其中，
所述混凝土轨枕1顶面具有两个混凝土挡肩2，所述两个混凝土挡肩2之间与混泥土轨枕1顶面一起形成一承轨槽12，用于承载和安装所述钢轨8，并且，
至少所述的第一铁座3的上部的一面贴靠在混泥土挡肩2朝向内侧的一个面上，至少所述第一铁座3上部与混泥土挡肩2贴靠面的主要部分为一斜面9，并且，所述混凝土挡肩2在其与所述第一铁座3的所述斜面9贴靠的部位配合地形成相应的斜坡13，且至少所述混泥土挡肩2的坡13与所述第一铁座3上部的所述斜面9浇筑在一起；所述第一铁座3上安装有e形弹条6，所述第一铁座3的内侧与钢轨8之间设置有轨距块7，通过e形弹条6扣压轨距块7，轨距块7可被扣压在坐落在承轨槽12中的钢轨8的轨肢上。
优选的，所述第一铁座3在竖向上，在垂直于钢轨的方向上看呈类似于“T”型的结构，该T型结构具有用于安装e形弹条6的T型结构的头部结构4及用于预埋于混泥土轨枕1中的T型结构的下部结构5。这里，e形弹条6的安装方式与现有技术完全相同。而本发明的所述第一铁座3的斜面9形成在所述T型结构的头部，并位于所述T型结构的头部结构4上在安装状态下远离钢轨8的外侧面上，该第一铁座3的斜面9与水平方向形成的倾斜角α为100至130，相应地，与该第一铁座3的斜面9形状配合地浇注在一起的混泥土挡肩2上的斜坡13也与水平方向形成的倾斜角α为100至130。在所述第 一铁座3的斜面9的上端，水平向外延伸有凸缘10，且凸缘10与所述混凝土挡肩2浇筑在一起，并使凸缘10的顶面与所述混凝土挡肩2的顶面平齐。所述第一铁座3的上部靠近承轨槽的一侧，具有凸台11，且该凸台11的顶面与所述承轨槽12端部的混泥土顶面平齐。
除了上面描述的所述T型的第一铁座3的结构外，该T型的第一铁座3的其他结构，和所述的轨距块7，以及所述的e形弹条6都可以采用现有的结构和安装方式。所述轨距块7外侧可具有第一凹槽16，且第一铁座3的头部结构4内端嵌入所述第一凹槽16中，并且轨距块7的内端扣压在钢轨8的轨肢上。另外，如图1所示，在第一铁座3浇注在所述的混泥土轨枕1中后，所述的混泥土挡肩2的所述斜坡与所述第一铁座3的所述斜面，也大致在与图1的图面垂直的方向上，即所述斜坡与所述斜面也大致在沿钢轨延伸的方向上。
使用时，在承轨槽12中设置轨下垫板14，将钢轨8设置在轨下垫板18上，通过本发明公开的铁座3上的e形弹条6扣压钢轨8即可。
下面结合附图2、3、4、5、6、7、8描述本发明的第二种实施例，该实施例的重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统用于固定安装位于钢轨8轨底的铁垫板15，所述的铁垫板15用于固定安装所述的钢轨8，并被置于所述承轨槽12中。
图中，本发明的第二实施例公开了一种重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，包括，
混凝土轨枕1，用于承载和安置钢轨8，
第一铁座3，其下部被预埋于所述的混泥土轨枕1中，用于固定安装用于安置所述钢轨8的且位于所述钢轨8轨底的铁垫板15。其中，
所述混凝土轨枕1顶面具有两个混凝土挡肩2，所述两个混凝土挡肩2之间与混泥土轨枕1顶面一起形成一承轨槽12，用于承载和安置所述铁垫板15，并且，
至少所述的第一铁座3的上部的一面贴靠在混泥土挡肩2朝向内侧的一个面上，至少所述第一铁座3上部与混泥土挡肩2贴靠面的主要部分为一斜面9，并且，所述混凝土挡肩2在其与所述第一铁座3的所述斜面9贴靠的部位配合地形成相应的斜坡13，且至少所述混泥土挡肩2的斜坡13与所述第一铁座3上部的所述斜面9浇筑在一起；所述第一铁座3上安装有e形弹条6。
优选的，所述第一铁座3在竖向上，在垂直于钢轨的方向上看呈类似于“T”型的结构，该T型结构具有用于安装e形弹条6的T型结构的头部结构4及用于预埋于混泥土轨枕1中的T型结构的下部结构5。这里，e形弹条6本身的安装方式与现有技术完全相 同。而本发明的所述第一铁座3的斜面9形成在所述T型结构的头部，并位于所述头部结构4在安装状态下远离钢轨8的外侧面上，该第一铁座3的斜面9与水平方向形成的倾斜角α为100至130度，相应地，与该第一铁座3的斜面9形状配合地浇注在一起的混泥土挡肩2上的斜坡13也与水平方向形成的倾斜角α为100至130度。在所述第一铁座3的斜面9的上端，水平向外延伸有凸缘10，且凸缘10与所述混凝土挡肩2浇筑在一起，并使凸缘10的顶面与所述混凝土挡肩2的顶面平齐。所述第一铁座3的上部靠近承轨槽的一侧，具有凸台11，且该凸台11的顶面与所述承轨槽12端部的混泥土顶面平齐。
除了上面描述的所述T型的第一铁座3的结构外，该T型的第一铁座3的其他结构，和所述的轨距块7，以及所述的e形弹条6都可以采用现有的结构和安装方式。
在本发明的第二实施例中，所述承轨槽12中设置调高垫板17，在调高垫板17上设置铁垫板15，在铁垫板15上设置轨下垫板14，再将钢轨8设置在轨下垫板14上。
所述铁垫板15上端面两侧分别焊接有第二铁座18，且第二铁座18上也安装有e形弹条6，所述第二铁座18内侧与钢轨8之间设置有轨距块7，所述轨距块7外侧具有第一凹槽16，且第二铁座18的内端嵌入所述第一凹槽16中，通过e形弹条6扣压轨距块7，使轨距块7扣压在钢轨8的轨肢上。
所述铁垫板15的两端分别具有第二凹槽19。
与第一种实施例类似地，所述第一铁座3内侧与铁垫板15之间也设置有轨距块7，且第一铁座3的头部结构4内端嵌入所述第一凹槽16中，并且轨距块7的下端嵌入所述第二凹槽19中，防止铁垫板15顺线路方向窜动，通过e形弹条6扣压轨距块7，使轨距块7的内端扣压在铁垫板15的端部。
另外，如图5所示，在第一铁座3浇注在所述的混泥土轨枕1中后，所述的混泥土挡肩2的所述斜坡13与所述第一铁座3的所述斜面9，也大致在与图5的图面垂直的方向上，即所述斜坡与所述斜面也大致在沿钢轨延伸的方向上。
无论是本发明第一实施例还是第二实施例，本发明的第一铁座3承受来自钢轨8或铁垫板15的横向力，所述的横向力通过斜面9、斜坡13传递给设置在混凝土轨枕上的混凝土挡肩2，由于第一铁座3与混凝土挡肩2的接触面为斜面，第一铁座3传递给混凝土轨枕的横向力被斜面分解为竖直向上的分力和垂直于斜面的分力，两个方向的分力大小受斜坡坡度的变化而变化，同时，该竖直向上的分力又被第一铁座埋入轨枕后产生的抗拔力抵消，可见混凝土挡肩2只承担垂直于斜面的分力，明显优化了混凝土挡肩2 的受力条件，提高了预埋铁座抵抗横向冲击的能力，进而提高扣件系统的整体稳定性和使用寿命，特别适合于40吨及以上大轴重重载铁路使用。另外将混凝土挡肩2内侧面设置成斜坡，一方面便于轨枕制造时的脱模，另一方面增大了轨枕顶部承轨槽的空间，有利于扣件系统的现场维修养护。
本发明所述斜坡13与所述斜面9与水平方向形成的倾斜角α之所以选择为100至130度，目的主要在于既要保证混凝土挡肩2能够提供足够的横向力支撑，又尽可能的将一部分横向力分解为竖直向上的分力，最大限度的优化了混凝土挡肩2的受力条件。
本发明设置凸缘10、凸台11的目的主要在于便于预埋铁座浇筑时的定位，另外凸缘10也具有进一步提高预埋铁座抵抗横向冲击能力的作用。
上述实施例，只是本发明的较佳实施例，并非用来限制本发明的实施范围，故凡以本发明权利要求所述内容所做的等同变化，均应包括在本发明权利要求范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，包括，
    混凝土轨枕(1)，用于承载和安置钢轨(8)，
    第一铁座(3)，其下部被预埋于所述的混凝土轨枕(1)中，用于固定安装所述的钢轨(8)，其中，
    所述混凝土轨枕(1)顶面具有两个混凝土挡肩(2)，所述两个混凝土挡肩(2)之间与混泥土轨枕(1)顶面一起形成一承轨槽(12)，用于承载和安装所述钢轨，并且，
    至少所述的第一铁座(3)的上部的一面贴靠在混泥土挡肩(2)朝向内侧的一个面上，至少所述第一铁座(3)上部与混泥土挡肩(2)贴靠面的主要部分为一斜面(9)，并且，所述混凝土挡肩(2)在其与所述第一铁座(3)的所述斜面(9)贴靠的部位配合地形成相应的斜坡(13)，且至少所述混泥土挡肩(2)的斜坡(13)与所述第一铁座(3)上部的所述斜面(9)浇筑在一起，
    所述第一铁座(3)上安装有e形弹条(6)，所述第一铁座(3)的内侧设置有轨距块(7)，通过e形弹条(6)扣压轨距块(7)，轨距块(7)可被扣压在坐落在承轨槽中的钢轨(8)的轨肢上，或可被扣压在钢轨(8)轨底的铁垫板(15)上，所述的铁垫板(15)用于固定安装所述的钢轨(8)，并被置于所述承轨槽(12)中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，其特征在于：所述第一铁座(3)呈“T”型结构，包括用于安装e形弹条(6)的头部结构(4)及用于预埋的下部结构(5)，所述斜面(9)位于所述头部结构(4)的外侧，且倾斜角度与水平的夹角α为100至130度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，其特征在于：所述斜面(9)上端水平向外延伸有凸缘(10)，且凸缘(10)与所述混凝土挡肩(2)浇筑在一起，并使凸缘(10)的顶面与所述混凝土挡肩(2)的顶面平齐。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的重载铁路无螺栓扣件系统，其特征在于：所述第一铁座(3)内侧上部具有凸台(11)，且凸台(11)的顶面与所述承轨槽(12)的顶面平齐。
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