WO2022073099A1 - Metalized nano coated swab for trace detection - Google Patents
Metalized nano coated swab for trace detection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022073099A1 WO2022073099A1 PCT/CA2021/051344 CA2021051344W WO2022073099A1 WO 2022073099 A1 WO2022073099 A1 WO 2022073099A1 CA 2021051344 W CA2021051344 W CA 2021051344W WO 2022073099 A1 WO2022073099 A1 WO 2022073099A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- swab
- coating
- metal
- substrate
- certain embodiments
- Prior art date
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- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002729 bromazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UZVHFVZFNXBMQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butalbital Chemical compound CC(C)CC1(CC=C)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O UZVHFVZFNXBMQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002546 butalbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-ZETCQYMHSA-N cathinone Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002698 cathinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YRFJGLQNTWLXKO-ZPUQHVIOSA-N chloro-bis[(e)-2-chloroethenyl]arsane Chemical compound Cl\C=C\[As](Cl)\C=C\Cl YRFJGLQNTWLXKO-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFHISGNCFUNFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloropicrin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl LFHISGNCFUNFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOYKEARSMXGVTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorphenamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1C(CCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SOYKEARSMXGVTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003291 chlorphenamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004126 codeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen chloride Chemical compound ClC#N QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNTRKUOVAPUGAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclosarin Chemical compound CP(F)(=O)OC1CCCCC1 SNTRKUOVAPUGAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHMBVCPLDPDESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-Pseudoekgonin Natural products C1C(O)C(C(O)=O)C2CCC1N2C PHMBVCPLDPDESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003529 diazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LQSFEOMOHFPNEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(ethyl)arsane Chemical compound CC[As](Cl)Cl LQSFEOMOHFPNEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYYVYLMBEZUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrocodeine Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC XYYVYLMBEZUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCUYBXPSSCRKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosgene Chemical compound ClC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl HCUYBXPSSCRKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHMBVCPLDPDESM-FKSUSPILSA-N ecgonine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C PHMBVCPLDPDESM-FKSUSPILSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVGYEFKIHJTNQZ-RFQIPJPRSA-N ecgonine benzoate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(O)=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGYEFKIHJTNQZ-RFQIPJPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002179 ephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fentanyl Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(CC1)CCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002428 fentanyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002200 flunitrazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N hydrocodone Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)CC(=O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000240 hydrocodone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N hydromorphone Chemical compound O([C@H]1C(CC[C@H]23)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001410 hydromorphone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001871 ion mobility spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003299 ketamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GIKLTQKNOXNBNY-OWOJBTEDSA-N lewisite Chemical compound Cl\C=C\[As](Cl)Cl GIKLTQKNOXNBNY-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004391 lorazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZAGRKAFMISFKIO-QMTHXVAHSA-N lysergic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=C[C@H](CN([C@@H]2C2)C)C(O)=O)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 ZAGRKAFMISFKIO-QMTHXVAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001797 methadone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002803 methaqualone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VXRMBBLRHSRVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyldichloroarsine Chemical compound C[As](Cl)Cl VXRMBBLRHSRVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002636 mycotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PLPRGLOFPNJOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N narcotine Natural products COc1ccc2C(OC(=O)c2c1OC)C3Cc4c(CN3C)cc5OCOc5c4OC PLPRGLOFPNJOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004708 noscapine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001027 opium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ADIMAYPTOBDMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxazepam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC(=O)C(O)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ADIMAYPTOBDMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004535 oxazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002085 oxycodone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001412 pentobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003436 pentoxyverine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DAFIBNSJXIGBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoroisobutene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F DAFIBNSJXIGBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005222 phenazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenobarbital Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002695 phenobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UDHDFEGCOJAVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyldichloroarsine Chemical compound Cl[As](Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 UDHDFEGCOJAVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKTAAWLCLHMUTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N psilocybin Chemical compound C1C=CC(OP(O)(O)=O)=C2C(CCN(C)C)=CN=C21 QKTAAWLCLHMUTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RPQXVSUAYFXFJA-HGRQIUPRSA-N saxitoxin Chemical compound NC(=O)OC[C@@H]1N=C(N)N2CCC(O)(O)[C@@]22N=C(N)N[C@@H]12 RPQXVSUAYFXFJA-HGRQIUPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPQXVSUAYFXFJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N saxitoxin hydrate Natural products NC(=O)OCC1N=C(N)N2CCC(O)(O)C22NC(N)=NC12 RPQXVSUAYFXFJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002060 secobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQPKPCNLIDLUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N secobarbital Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1(CC=C)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O KQPKPCNLIDLUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003188 temazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004454 trace mineral analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-dihydrocodeinone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2CCC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003386 triazolam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZAJKCZTKKKZNT-PMNGPLLRSA-N trichothecene Chemical compound C12([C@@]3(CC[C@H]2OC2C=C(CCC23C)C)C)CO1 LZAJKCZTKKKZNT-PMNGPLLRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930013292 trichothecene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- AOAVIJUEFJPSAI-GZDDRBCLSA-N tris[(e)-2-chloroethenyl]arsane Chemical compound Cl\C=C\[As](\C=C\Cl)\C=C\Cl AOAVIJUEFJPSAI-GZDDRBCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N2001/022—Devices for withdrawing samples sampling for security purposes, e.g. contraband, warfare agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N2001/028—Sampling from a surface, swabbing, vaporising
Definitions
- the present invention relates to chemical trace detection.
- the present invention relates to swabs for collection of samples for trace detection.
- Trace analyte detection is the detection of small amounts of analytes, often at nanogram to picogram levels. Trace analyte detection has numerous applications, such as screening individuals and baggage at transportation centers, mail screening, facility security applications, military applications, forensics applications, narcotics detection and identification, cleaning validation, quality control, and raw material identification. Trace analyte detection can be particularly useful for security applications such as screening individuals or items for components in explosive materials, narcotics or biological contaminants where small amounts of these components are deposited on the individual or on the outside of a package or bag.
- Swabs are designed to harvest particles from surfaces (like as container, luggage, bag, etc.) for analysis by the trace detection instrument.
- the sample collection process entails the use of specific procedures regarding the item to be sampled with trap passes proceeding in a logical fashion across the item to be swabbed to ensure complete sample gathering.
- Explosive Trace Detection (ETD) swabs material is designed for use in the ETD device which requires high temperatures to burn off trace elements for identification by the system. Trace detection is based upon the chemical analysis of explosive residues resulting from bomb building or concealment or any encounter with the components of explosives. Similarly, narcotic trace detection is predicated upon the chemical analysis of subject encounters with narcotic component.
- detection technologies such as mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, chemical luminescence, or ion mobility spectrometry, measure the chemical properties of vapor for detection. These technologies use heat to vapor explosive chemical (up to 300°C) which makes heat transferring of swabs critical for detection process.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a metalized nano coated swab for trace detection.
- a swab comprising a substrate material and a coating.
- the substrate is nonwoven, woven or a film.
- the coating is a metal.
- the coating is a high surface energy material.
- the coating has high thermal conductivity properties.
- the coating is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold and combinations thereof.
- a method of manufacturing the swab comprising coating a substrate with a metal.
- coating is by vapor deposition, E beam deposition or sputtering.
- a swab produced by the methods of the invention.
- a method of collecting trace analyte samples comprising contacting a surface with the swab of the invention.
- the analyte is an explosive.
- the analyte is a narcotic.
- Figure 1 presents a nonwoven substrate with more surface area.
- Figure 2 presents a close up view of a nonwoven substrate with more surface area.
- Figure 3 presents surface energy of different materials.
- Figure 4 presents thermal conductivity of different materials.
- Figure 5 presents a metallizing process which utilizes vapor deposition
- Figure 6 presents a metallizing process which utilizes sputtering.
- the present invention provides a coated material, e.g. a coated swab, which may be used for sample collection in trace analyte detection.
- Trace detection reliability and accuracy may be improved by improving the collection (harvesting) capabilities of the swab used for sample collection and/or improving the transferring properties of the swab used for sample collection.
- the swabs of the present invention have improved collecting efficiency (harvesting) as compared to uncoated swabs (manufactured from the same material as the substrate material of the coated swab).
- the swabs of the present invention have improved transferring properties as compared to uncoated swabs.
- the swabs of the present invention have improved collecting efficiency (harvesting) and improved transferring properties as compared to uncoated swabs.
- the swab of the present invention comprises a substrate material and a coating.
- the substrate may be nonwoven, woven or a film.
- Exemplary materials include but are not limited to cotton, Nomex® and polyamide membrane surfaces.
- exemplary materials include but are not limited to polyester point bonded, Spunlace, needlepunch nonwoven with (30 up to 250 gsm).
- a swab’s harvesting efficiency is in part related to surface roughness.
- swabs with a rough surface will likely collect more trace material due to increased surface area as compared to a swab of the same size having a smooth surface.
- the surface roughness may be impacted by the components of the substrate and the manufacturing process of the substrate.
- the surface roughness of a woven substrate may be impacted by the fiber used and/or the weave.
- the surface roughness of non-woven fibrous materials may be impacted by the fiber used and/or manufacturing process. Mechanical or chemical treatments may be used to enhance surface roughness of films.
- the substrate is coated with a coating.
- the coating is a metal.
- the metal may be one metal or a combination of metals.
- a swab’s harvesting efficiency is also in part related to its surface energy.
- a swab’s surface energy may be increase by coating the surface with a High Surface Energy Material.
- Exemplary materials include but are not limited metals such as aluminum, copper, silver, gold and zinc. (Table 1 - Surface Energy). Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the coating is a high surface energy material. In certain embodiments, the high surface energy material is a metal. In specific embodiments, the metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, silver, gold, zinc and combinations thereof.
- Typical detection technique involves thermally driving a sample into a detector. Accordingly, swabs with higher heat transferring may improve the detection process. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the coating has high thermal conductivity properties.
- the material having high thermal conductivity properties is a metal. In specific embodiments, the metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold and combinations thereof.
- the coating material is a metal with high surface energy and high thermal conductivity.
- the coating is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold and combinations thereof.
- the present invention further provides a method of manufacturing the swab.
- the method comprises coating the substrate with a metal.
- vacuum coating is used to coat the substrate.
- a variety of techniques are known in the art to coat a substrate.
- the methods are performed under low pressure.
- the methods are performed in an ultra low-pressure vacuum chamber. Nonlimiting examples include but are not limited to vapor deposition, E-beam and sputtering
- the method comprises coating the substrate with a metal by vapor deposition.
- a metal such as a metal wire
- metal is fed into a heated tub causing it to melt. Because of the low chamber pressure, the melting point of the metal wire is far lower than it would be under normal conditions. When the metal boils, a vapor is formed which will adhere to a piece of substrate passing through the chamber.
- the amount of metal applied to the substrate is determined by the speed at which the substrate passes through the chamber. By adjusting speeds, the density of the metal applied to the substrate may be altered. This allows for the creation of swabs with varying degrees of metallization. Generally speaking, the longer the exposure to vapor, the thicker the metal coating on the substrate.
- the method comprises coating the substrate with a metal by E beam deposition.
- a metal by E beam deposition.
- E beam deposition A worker skilled in the art would readily appreciate that this process is similar to the vapor deposition procedure except the metal is not placed in a heated tub. Instead, an electron beam is used to heat the metal wire.
- the method comprises coating the substrate with a metal by sputtering.
- a low-pressure vacuum chamber is used to create a gas atmosphere. Electrical energy is then used to create a negative charge to the gas molecules. The vacuum pressure allows the subsequent gas molecule particles to move freely and rapidly about the chamber. When these charged particles collide with a metal “cathode”, small particles of the metal are chipped off the cathode and subsequently deposited on the substrate. Similar to the vapor coating method, the speed at which the substrate travels through the chamber determines the density of the metal on the substrate.
- the swabs of the present invention are useful for collecting samples containing of a wide range of analytes, including but not limited to explosives, narcotics, chemical warfare agents, toxins, pharmaceutical process contaminants, and other chemical compounds.
- the swab is for collection of samples for trace explosive detection.
- Explosives which may be collected using a swab include, but are not limited to, 2-amino-4,6- dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, ammonal, ammonium nitrate, black powder, 2,4- dimethyl-1 ,3-dinitrobutane, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, ethylene glycol dinitrate, forcite 40, GOMA-2, hexanitrostilbene, 1 ,3,5,7-tetranitro-1 ,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX), mononitrotoluene, nitroglycerine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 1 ,3,5-trinitro-1 ,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX), semtex-A, Semtex-H, smokeless powder,
- the explosive which are collected are 1 ,3,5-trinitro- 1 ,3,5-triazacyclohexane, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, trinitro-2,4,6- phenylmethylnitramine tetryl, nitroglycerine, ammonium nitrate, 3,5,7-tetranitro-1 ,3,5,7- tetrazacyclooctane, and combinations thereof.
- the swab is for collection of samples for trace narcotic detection.
- Narcotics which may be collected using a swab include, but are not limited to 6- acetylmorphine, alprazolam, amobarbital, amphetamine, antipyrine, benzocaine, benzoylecgonine, bromazepam, butalbital, carbetapentane, cathinone, chloradiazepoxide, chlorpheniramine, cocaethylene, cocaine, codeine, diazepam, ecgonine, ecognine methyl ester (EME), ephedrine, fentanyl, flunitrazepam, hashish, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, ketamine, lidocaine, lorazepam, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), lysergic acid, N-methyl-1-3(3,4-methylenedioxyohenyl)-2-butanamine (MB
- the narcotics which can be collected with a swab include cocaine, heroin, phencyclidine, THC, methamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, N-methyl-1-3(3,4-methylenedioxyohenyl)-2-butanamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and combinations thereof.
- the swab is for collection of samples for trace detection of chemical warfare agents and other toxins.
- Chemical warfare agents and other toxins that may be collected using a swab include, but are not limited to amiton (VG), anthrax, arsine, cyanogen chloride, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, diphosgene, PFIB, phosgene, phosgene oxime, chloropicrin, ethyl N,N-dimethyl phosphoramicocyanidate (Tabun), isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate (Sarin), pinacolyl methyl phosphonefluoridate (Soman), phosphonofluoridic acid, ethyl-, isopropyl ester (GE), phosphonothioic acid, ethyl-, S-(2- (diethylamino)ethyl) O-ethyl ester (VE), phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, S-
- Sample analytes can be collected onto a swab by any suitable means.
- a sample containing analytes of interest can be collected onto a swab by direct contact of the swab with the surface to be tested, e.g., by mechanical agitation or frictional contact.
- Direct contact can be achieved by direct manual contact of an article with the swab or insertion of swab material into a holder which manually or automatically directly contacts an article with the swab material.
- a surface to be tested can include any surface of a person or object.
- the surface can be a surface of a personal effect, clothing, bag, luggage, furniture, automobile interior, pharmaceutical process equipment, etc.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a swab comprising a substrate material and a metal coating. Also provided are methods of manufacturing the swab. The swab may be used for collection of trace analyte samples including explosives and narcotics.
Description
METALIZED NANO COATED SWAB FOR TRACE DETECTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to chemical trace detection. In particular, the present invention relates to swabs for collection of samples for trace detection.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Trace analyte detection is the detection of small amounts of analytes, often at nanogram to picogram levels. Trace analyte detection has numerous applications, such as screening individuals and baggage at transportation centers, mail screening, facility security applications, military applications, forensics applications, narcotics detection and identification, cleaning validation, quality control, and raw material identification. Trace analyte detection can be particularly useful for security applications such as screening individuals or items for components in explosive materials, narcotics or biological contaminants where small amounts of these components are deposited on the individual or on the outside of a package or bag.
The effectiveness of trace analysis is highly dependent on three distinct steps: (1) sample collection by swab (Trap); (2) sample analysis; and (3) comparison of results with known standards. If any of these steps is suboptimal, the test may fail to detect explosives that are present.
Swabs are designed to harvest particles from surfaces (like as container, luggage, bag, etc.) for analysis by the trace detection instrument. The sample collection process entails the use of specific procedures regarding the item to be sampled with trap passes proceeding in a logical fashion across the item to be swabbed to ensure complete sample gathering. Explosive Trace Detection (ETD) swabs material is designed for use in the ETD device which requires high temperatures to burn off trace elements for identification by the system. Trace detection is based upon the chemical analysis of explosive residues resulting from bomb building or concealment or any encounter with the components of explosives. Similarly, narcotic trace detection is predicated upon the chemical analysis of subject encounters with narcotic component.
Detection accuracy and reliability is challenging due to very low amount of trace material for detection. In addition, detection technologies, such as mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, chemical luminescence, or ion mobility spectrometry, measure the
chemical properties of vapor for detection. These technologies use heat to vapor explosive chemical (up to 300°C) which makes heat transferring of swabs critical for detection process.
Swaps which are currently available in the market, they have very low collecting efficiency (harvesting) and heat transferring properties
This background information is provided for the purpose of making known information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present invention. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a metalized nano coated swab for trace detection.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a swab comprising a substrate material and a coating. In certain embodiments, the substrate is nonwoven, woven or a film. In certain embodiments, the coating is a metal. In certain embodiments, the coating is a high surface energy material. In certain embodiments, the coating has high thermal conductivity properties. In certain embodiments, the coating is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold and combinations thereof.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing the swab comprising coating a substrate with a metal. In certain embodiments, coating is by vapor deposition, E beam deposition or sputtering.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a swab produced by the methods of the invention.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of collecting trace analyte samples, the method comprising contacting a surface with the swab of the invention. In certain embodiments, the analyte is an explosive. In certain embodiments, the analyte is a narcotic.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features of the invention will become more apparent in the following detailed description in which reference is made to the appended drawings.
Figure 1 presents a nonwoven substrate with more surface area.
Figure 2 presents a close up view of a nonwoven substrate with more surface area.
Figure 3 presents surface energy of different materials.
Figure 4 presents thermal conductivity of different materials.
Figure 5 presents a metallizing process which utilizes vapor deposition
Figure 6 presents a metallizing process which utilizes sputtering.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a coated material, e.g. a coated swab, which may be used for sample collection in trace analyte detection.
Trace detection reliability and accuracy may be improved by improving the collection (harvesting) capabilities of the swab used for sample collection and/or improving the transferring properties of the swab used for sample collection. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the swabs of the present invention have improved collecting efficiency (harvesting) as compared to uncoated swabs (manufactured from the same material as the substrate material of the coated swab). In certain embodiments, the swabs of the present invention have improved transferring properties as compared to uncoated swabs. In certain embodiments, the swabs of the present invention have improved collecting efficiency (harvesting) and improved transferring properties as compared to uncoated swabs.
Swab
The swab of the present invention comprises a substrate material and a coating.
The substrate may be nonwoven, woven or a film. Exemplary materials include but are not limited to cotton, Nomex® and polyamide membrane surfaces.
Other exemplary materials include but are not limited to polyester point bonded, Spunlace, needlepunch nonwoven with (30 up to 250 gsm).
A swab’s harvesting efficiency is in part related to surface roughness. In particular, swabs with a rough surface will likely collect more trace material due to increased surface area as compared to a swab of the same size having a smooth surface. A worker skilled in the art would readily appreciate that the surface roughness may be impacted by the components of
the substrate and the manufacturing process of the substrate. For example, the surface roughness of a woven substrate may be impacted by the fiber used and/or the weave. The surface roughness of non-woven fibrous materials may be impacted by the fiber used and/or manufacturing process. Mechanical or chemical treatments may be used to enhance surface roughness of films.
The substrate is coated with a coating. In certain embodiments the coating is a metal. The metal may be one metal or a combination of metals.
A swab’s harvesting efficiency is also in part related to its surface energy. A swab’s surface energy may be increase by coating the surface with a High Surface Energy Material. Exemplary materials include but are not limited metals such as aluminum, copper, silver, gold and zinc. (Table 1 - Surface Energy). Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the coating is a high surface energy material. In certain embodiments, the high surface energy material is a metal. In specific embodiments, the metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, silver, gold, zinc and combinations thereof.
Typical detection technique involves thermally driving a sample into a detector. Accordingly, swabs with higher heat transferring may improve the detection process. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the coating has high thermal conductivity properties. In certain embodiments, the material having high thermal conductivity properties is a metal. In specific embodiments, the metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold and combinations thereof.
In certain embodiments, the coating material is a metal with high surface energy and high thermal conductivity. In certain embodiments, the coating is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold and combinations thereof.
Method of Manufacturing the Swab
The present invention further provides a method of manufacturing the swab. The method comprises coating the substrate with a metal. In certain embodiments, vacuum coating is used to coat the substrate. A variety of techniques are known in the art to coat a substrate. In certain embodiments, the methods are performed under low pressure. In specific embodiments, the methods are performed in an ultra low-pressure vacuum chamber. Nonlimiting examples include but are not limited to vapor deposition, E-beam and sputtering
In certain embodiments, the method comprises coating the substrate with a metal by vapor deposition. A worker skilled in the art would readily appreciate that the process of vapor deposition involves heating a piece of metal to its boiling point and allowing the metal vapor
to settle on a passing substrate. An exemplarily process of vapor deposition is described below. Briefly, metal (such as a metal wire) is fed into a heated tub causing it to melt. Because of the low chamber pressure, the melting point of the metal wire is far lower than it would be under normal conditions. When the metal boils, a vapor is formed which will adhere to a piece of substrate passing through the chamber. The amount of metal applied to the substrate is determined by the speed at which the substrate passes through the chamber. By adjusting speeds, the density of the metal applied to the substrate may be altered. This allows for the creation of swabs with varying degrees of metallization. Generally speaking, the longer the exposure to vapor, the thicker the metal coating on the substrate.
In certain embodiments, the method comprises coating the substrate with a metal by E beam deposition. A worker skilled in the art would readily appreciate that this process is similar to the vapor deposition procedure except the metal is not placed in a heated tub. Instead, an electron beam is used to heat the metal wire.
In certain embodiments, the method comprises coating the substrate with a metal by sputtering. As in vapor deposition, a low-pressure vacuum chamber is used to create a gas atmosphere. Electrical energy is then used to create a negative charge to the gas molecules. The vacuum pressure allows the subsequent gas molecule particles to move freely and rapidly about the chamber. When these charged particles collide with a metal “cathode”, small particles of the metal are chipped off the cathode and subsequently deposited on the substrate. Similar to the vapor coating method, the speed at which the substrate travels through the chamber determines the density of the metal on the substrate.
Uses
The swabs of the present invention are useful for collecting samples containing of a wide range of analytes, including but not limited to explosives, narcotics, chemical warfare agents, toxins, pharmaceutical process contaminants, and other chemical compounds.
In certain embodiments, the swab is for collection of samples for trace explosive detection. Explosives which may be collected using a swab include, but are not limited to, 2-amino-4,6- dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, ammonal, ammonium nitrate, black powder, 2,4- dimethyl-1 ,3-dinitrobutane, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, ethylene glycol dinitrate, forcite 40, GOMA-2, hexanitrostilbene, 1 ,3,5,7-tetranitro-1 ,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX), mononitrotoluene, nitroglycerine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 1 ,3,5-trinitro-1 ,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX), semtex-A, Semtex-H, smokeless powder, trinitro-2,4,6-phenylmethylnitramine tetryl (Tetryl), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), trilita, and 1 ,3,5-trinitrobenzene and combinations of these compounds. In one embodiment, the explosive which are collected are 1 ,3,5-trinitro-
1 ,3,5-triazacyclohexane, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, trinitro-2,4,6- phenylmethylnitramine tetryl, nitroglycerine, ammonium nitrate, 3,5,7-tetranitro-1 ,3,5,7- tetrazacyclooctane, and combinations thereof.
In certain embodiments, the swab is for collection of samples for trace narcotic detection. Narcotics which may be collected using a swab include, but are not limited to 6- acetylmorphine, alprazolam, amobarbital, amphetamine, antipyrine, benzocaine, benzoylecgonine, bromazepam, butalbital, carbetapentane, cathinone, chloradiazepoxide, chlorpheniramine, cocaethylene, cocaine, codeine, diazepam, ecgonine, ecognine methyl ester (EME), ephedrine, fentanyl, flunitrazepam, hashish, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, ketamine, lidocaine, lorazepam, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), lysergic acid, N-methyl-1-3(3,4-methylenedioxyohenyl)-2-butanamine (MBDB), 3,4- methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), DL-3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), marijuana, mescaline, methadone, methamphetamine, methaqualone, methcathinone, morphine, noscapine, opium, oxazepam, oxycodone, phencyclidine (PCP), pentobarbital, phenobarbital, procaine, psilocybin, secobarbital, temazepam, THC, THC-COOH, and triazolam. In one embodiment, the narcotics which can be collected with a swab include cocaine, heroin, phencyclidine, THC, methamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, N-methyl-1-3(3,4-methylenedioxyohenyl)-2-butanamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and combinations thereof.
In certain embodiments, the swab is for collection of samples for trace detection of chemical warfare agents and other toxins. Chemical warfare agents and other toxins that may be collected using a swab include, but are not limited to amiton (VG), anthrax, arsine, cyanogen chloride, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, diphosgene, PFIB, phosgene, phosgene oxime, chloropicrin, ethyl N,N-dimethyl phosphoramicocyanidate (Tabun), isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate (Sarin), pinacolyl methyl phosphonefluoridate (Soman), phosphonofluoridic acid, ethyl-, isopropyl ester (GE), phosphonothioic acid, ethyl-, S-(2- (diethylamino)ethyl) O-ethyl ester (VE), phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, S-(2- (diethylamino)ethyl) O-ethyl ester (VM), distilled mustard, ethyldichloroarsine, lewisite 1 , lewisite 2, lewisite 3, methyldichloroarsine, mustard-lewisite mixture, mustard-T mixture, nitrogen mustard 1 , nitrogen mustard 2, nitrogen mustard 3, phenyldichloroarsine, phosgene oxime, sesqui mustard, adamsite, aflatoxin, botulinus toxin, ricin, saxitoxin, trichothecene mycotoxin, methylphosphonothioic acid S-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl) O-ethyl ester (VX), cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GF), and combinations thereof.
Sample analytes can be collected onto a swab by any suitable means. For example, a sample containing analytes of interest can be collected onto a swab by direct contact of the swab with the surface to be tested, e.g., by mechanical agitation or frictional contact. Direct contact can be achieved by direct manual contact of an article with the swab or insertion of swab material into a holder which manually or automatically directly contacts an article with the swab material.
A surface to be tested can include any surface of a person or object. For example, the surface can be a surface of a personal effect, clothing, bag, luggage, furniture, automobile interior, pharmaceutical process equipment, etc.
Although the invention has been described with reference to certain specific embodiments, various modifications thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All such modifications as would be apparent to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims
1. A swab comprising a substrate material and a coating.
2. The swab of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is nonwoven, woven or a film.
3. The swab of claim 1 or 2, wherein the coating is a metal.
4. The swab of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the coating is a high surface energy material.
5. The swab of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coating has high thermal conductivity properties.
6. The swab of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the coating is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold and combinations thereof.
7. A method of manufacturing the swab comprising coating a substrate with a metal.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said coating is by vapor deposition, E beam deposition or sputtering.
9. A swab produced by the method of claim 7 or 8.
10. A method of collecting trace analyte samples, said method comprising contacting a surface with the swab of any one of claims 1 to 6.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said analyte is an explosive.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein said analyte is a narcotic.
8
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US202063088083P | 2020-10-06 | 2020-10-06 | |
| US63/088,083 | 2020-10-06 |
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| WO2022073099A1 true WO2022073099A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/CA2021/051344 WO2022073099A1 (en) | 2020-10-06 | 2021-09-28 | Metalized nano coated swab for trace detection |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2134217C (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 2000-04-11 | Robert Edward Burrell | Anti-microbial coating for medical devices |
| CA2118713C (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 2006-08-22 | Raouf A. Guirguis | Simultaneous drug testing and fingerprinting assay |
| US20160084740A1 (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2016-03-24 | Purdue Research Foundation | Engineered detection swab |
-
2021
- 2021-09-28 WO PCT/CA2021/051344 patent/WO2022073099A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2118713C (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 2006-08-22 | Raouf A. Guirguis | Simultaneous drug testing and fingerprinting assay |
| CA2134217C (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 2000-04-11 | Robert Edward Burrell | Anti-microbial coating for medical devices |
| US20160084740A1 (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2016-03-24 | Purdue Research Foundation | Engineered detection swab |
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