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WO2022057158A1 - 一种电磁离合器 - Google Patents

一种电磁离合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022057158A1
WO2022057158A1 PCT/CN2020/141460 CN2020141460W WO2022057158A1 WO 2022057158 A1 WO2022057158 A1 WO 2022057158A1 CN 2020141460 W CN2020141460 W CN 2020141460W WO 2022057158 A1 WO2022057158 A1 WO 2022057158A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
fixed
electromagnetic clutch
magnetic steel
magnetic yoke
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/141460
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余平
杨昌祺
李建文
曹阳
Original Assignee
精进电动科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010989272.4A external-priority patent/CN112145576B/zh
Application filed by 精进电动科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 精进电动科技股份有限公司
Priority to US18/245,376 priority Critical patent/US11879505B2/en
Priority to EP20954011.1A priority patent/EP4180682B1/en
Priority to JP2023518208A priority patent/JP7506828B2/ja
Publication of WO2022057158A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022057158A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/004—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with permanent magnets combined with electromagnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/01—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/02—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings
    • F16D27/09—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings and with interengaging jaws or gear-teeth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/108—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/118—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with interengaging jaws or gear teeth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/14—Details

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of clutches, in particular to an electromagnetic clutch.
  • the present invention discloses an electromagnetic clutch to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
  • the invention discloses an electromagnetic clutch.
  • the electromagnetic clutch includes a fixed component, a driven component and an elastic component.
  • the fixed component includes a magnetic yoke.
  • a plurality of iron cores are arranged on the magnetic yoke.
  • the driven component includes an armature disc, and a plurality of magnetic steels are arranged on the armature disc;
  • the armature disc is arranged corresponding to the magnetic yoke, and the iron core is arranged corresponding to the magnetic steel;
  • the elastic part is used for keeping the armature disc in the separated position from the yoke
  • the iron core attracts the magnetic steel, and the armature plate overcomes the elastic force of the elastic member and moves to the suction position with the magnetic yoke, so that the fixed member is connected to the magnetic yoke.
  • the driven component realizes the transmission connection
  • the iron core When the coil is reversely energized, the iron core generates an electromagnetic force to reduce the attraction force of the magnetic steel, and the elastic force of the elastic component overcomes the attraction force of the magnetic steel, pushing the armature disc away from the magnetic yoke. separation position.
  • iron core and the magnetic steel are presented individually or in a combined form.
  • a plurality of the iron cores are evenly distributed in the magnetic yoke, the number of the iron cores is the same as the number of the magnetic steels and the positions are in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding iron cores and the magnetic steels on the same axis.
  • the magnetic steel is a magnetic steel with a low temperature coefficient, which is used to avoid demagnetization and increase the shock resistance of the electromagnetic clutch, so that the electromagnetic clutch can work normally under different working conditions and temperatures.
  • top surface of the magnetic steel is a rectangle, a square, a triangle or a circle
  • the armature disc is provided with a magnetic steel groove, and the magnetic steel is fixed in the magnetic steel groove by means of glue filling or injection molding.
  • the coils are connected in the following manner: in parallel, in series or grouped in series and in parallel.
  • a shock-absorbing pad is provided on the magnetic yoke, and the shock-absorbing pad is used for positioning to maintain a gap between the armature plate and the magnetic yoke, and the shock-absorbing pad is also used for shock absorption and lowering noise.
  • the driven member is slidably sleeved on the first shaft, and the fixed member is fixed on the second shaft;
  • a shaft pressing plate is fixed to the top end of the first shaft, and the elastic member is arranged between the driven member and the shaft pressing plate.
  • the driven part further includes a movable tooth sleeve
  • the fixed part includes a fixed tooth sleeve
  • the movable tooth sleeve and the fixed tooth sleeve can engage and transmit;
  • the magnetic yoke is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the fixed tooth sleeve, the armature disc is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the movable tooth sleeve, and the movable tooth sleeve can move with the armature plate in the axial direction.
  • the magnetic yoke and the fixed gear sleeve are clearance fit, so that the magnetic yoke and the fixed gear sleeve can rotate relative to each other, so that the fixed gear sleeve and the movable gear sleeve rotate together in the suction position
  • the yoke and the armature disk remain stationary.
  • the electromagnetic clutch in the present invention does not need to be energized in the separation state and the pull-in state, and has low energy consumption, less heat generation and long service life.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic clutch in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a driven component in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a fixing member in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention discloses an electromagnetic clutch, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the electromagnetic clutch includes a fixed part, a driven part and an elastic part 1 , and the fixed part maintains a fixed position in the axial direction on the electromagnetic clutch , the driven member is movable at least in the axial direction of the electromagnetic clutch, so that the electromagnetic clutch is in the pull-in or separation position, respectively.
  • the fixed part includes a magnetic yoke 2, the magnetic yoke 2 can form the housing of the electromagnetic clutch fixed part, the magnetic yoke 2 is provided with a plurality of iron cores 3, and each of the iron cores 3 is provided with a coil 4, so the The coil 4 can be energized to generate a magnetic force, and the driven component includes an armature disc 5, and a number of magnetic steels 6 are arranged on the armature disc 5, wherein the number of the shown iron core 3 and the magnetic steel 6 can be adjusted according to needs. set up.
  • iron cores 3 are independently arranged, so that the magnetic induction lines can be concentrated and dense relative to the magnetic steel 6, and the electric energy conversion rate is higher.
  • the electromagnetic force When energized in forward direction and reverse energization, there will be a large difference in the electromagnetic force, so as to realize the separation of the armature disk 5 and the yoke 2 .
  • the armature disc 5 is arranged corresponding to the magnetic yoke 2, the axes of the two are on a straight line, and the iron core 3 and the magnetic steel 6 are arranged correspondingly, so that the iron core 3 and the magnetic steel 6 are arranged correspondingly. attract each other.
  • the elastic member 1 is arranged in the driven member. In the normal state, the elastic member 1 is compressed or stretched, and there is a pre-tightening force on it to keep the armature disc in a certain position, so as to keep the armature disc 5 in the position. and the separation position of the yoke 2.
  • the iron core 3 attracts the magnetic steel 6, and the armature disc 5 overcomes the elastic force of the elastic member 1 to move to the suction position with the magnetic yoke 2,
  • the fixed part and the driven part are in a drive connection.
  • the iron core 3 When the coil 4 is reversely energized, the iron core 3 generates an electromagnetic force to reduce the suction force of the magnetic steel 6 , and the elastic force of the elastic member 1 overcomes the suction force of the magnetic steel 6 and pushes the armature disc 5 Open to the separated position from the yoke 2.
  • the working principle of the electromagnetic clutch in the present invention is as follows: in the separation position, the iron core 3 has no electromagnetic force, and the compressive force or tensile force of the elastic member 1 is greater than the attraction force of the magnetic steel 6, so that the A normal gap is maintained between the armature disc 5 and the yoke 2; when the clutch receives a pull-in command, the coil 4 is positively electrified, and the electromagnetic force generated by the iron core 3 is the same as that of the magnetic steel 6.
  • the resultant force generated by the combined action of the magnetic forces is greater than the compressive force or tensile force of the elastic component 1, and the armature disc 5 is attracted by the magnetic yoke 2, thereby realizing the transmission connection between the fixed component and the driven component;
  • the coil 4 can be powered off, the coil 4 does not generate electromagnetic force, and the magnetic force generated by the magnetic steel 6 is still greater than the compressive force or tensile force of the elastic component 1, so that the armature disk 5 and the magnetic yoke 2 are still in the pull-in state to realize transmission, and no electric energy is consumed in this state;
  • the clutch receives the separation command, in the pull-in state, the electromagnetic field is generated by passing the reverse current to the coil 4,
  • the suction force generated by the magnetic steel 6 is reduced, and when the suction force is smaller than the compressive force or the tensile force of the elastic member 1 , the armature disc 5 is separated from the magnetic yoke 2 .
  • the electromagnetic clutch in the present invention does not need
  • the iron core 3 and the magnetic steel 6 are presented individually or in a combined form.
  • the iron core 3 and the magnetic steel 6 are distributed uniformly or symmetrically in a single form.
  • the iron core 3 and the magnetic steel 6 can also be distributed uniformly or symmetrically in a combined form, for example, in two Distribute for a group, or form a triangle for groups of three, etc.
  • a plurality of the iron cores 3 are evenly distributed in the magnetic yoke 2 , and the number of the iron cores 3 is the same as that of the magnetic steel 6 and the positions are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the corresponding iron cores 3 and the magnetic steel 6 are on the same axis, which is convenient for the iron core 3 and the magnetic steel 6 to be pulled together.
  • the magnetic steel 6 is a magnetic steel with a low temperature coefficient, such as a samarium cobalt magnetic steel.
  • a magnetic steel with a low temperature coefficient can prevent the demagnetization phenomenon of the magnetic steel 6 at high temperature, so that the Avoid the phenomenon of shifting gears that may occur when the electromagnetic clutch is at high temperature, and the phenomenon of not being able to shift gears that may occur at low temperature.
  • the use of magnetic steel with a low temperature coefficient can also increase the impact resistance of the electromagnetic clutch.
  • the magnetic steel can ensure that the magnetic properties change very little at different temperatures, so that the electromagnetic clutch can work normally under different working conditions and temperatures.
  • the top surface of the magnetic steel 6 is rectangular, square, triangular or circular. Of course, other shapes are also possible.
  • the magnetic steel 6 can form a T shape as a whole. The area of the top surface is large. The surface is flush with the surface of the yoke 2 .
  • a magnetic steel groove is provided on the outer circumference of the armature disc 5 , and the magnetic steel 6 is fixed in the magnetic steel groove by gluing or injection molding, and of course, it can also be fixed by other methods.
  • one end of the magnetic steel 6 in the magnetic steel slot is provided with a flange, and the arrangement of the flange facilitates the magnetic steel 6 to be firmly fixed in the magnetic steel slot.
  • the coils 4 are connected in the following manner: in parallel, in series, or grouped in series and in parallel. Each of the coils 4 can be connected in series, each of the coils 4 can also be connected in parallel, and each of the coils 4 can also be connected in series and parallel, for example, a plurality of the coils 4 can be selected. A group is connected in series, and then several groups of coils 4 that have been connected in series are connected in parallel.
  • the outer circumference of the magnetic yoke 2 is provided with shock-absorbing pads 7 .
  • the pad 7 is used for positioning to keep a gap between the armature disc 5 and the magnetic yoke 2 , and the damping pad 7 is also used for shock absorption and noise reduction.
  • the shock-absorbing pad 7 can avoid the direct impact of the armature disc 5 and the yoke 2; There is a certain gap between the magnetic yokes 2 to reduce the vibration generated during transmission.
  • the driven member is slidably sleeved on the first shaft, and the driven member can move along the axial direction of the first shaft.
  • the driven member is connected with the first shaft by splines, and is fixed in the circumferential direction and slidable relative to the axial direction; the fixed member is fixed on the second shaft, and the fixed member and the second shaft Both the axial and circumferential directions are relatively fixed, that is, there is no relative sliding and relative rotation between the two.
  • the top end of the first shaft is fixed with an axial pressure plate 8
  • one side of the axial pressure plate 8 is provided with a convex portion along the axis direction, and the outer circular surface of the convex portion is provided with threads, so
  • the end of the first shaft is provided with a threaded groove at the axial center position, and the fixed connection between the axial pressure plate 8 and the first shaft is realized through the thread and the threaded groove; the central position of the raised portion is also provided with a shaft
  • the elastic member 1 is provided between the driven member and the axial pressure plate 8 .
  • the function of the axial pressure plate 8 is to keep the elastic member 1 in a compressed state all the time. With the separation and combination of the clutch, the compression amount of the elastic force of the elastic member 1 will change, and the value of the elastic force will also change.
  • the elastic member 1 is preferably a spring.
  • the driven part further includes a movable tooth sleeve 9
  • the fixed part includes a fixed tooth sleeve 10
  • the movable tooth sleeve 9 and the fixed tooth sleeve 10 The end face of the gear is provided with end teeth, so that the movable tooth sleeve 9 and the fixed tooth sleeve 10 can engage and drive;
  • the movable tooth sleeve 9 and the fixed tooth sleeve 10 are respectively provided with splines, and the spline realizes the The connection between the movable gear sleeve 9 and the first shaft and the connection between the fixed gear sleeve 10 and the second shaft.
  • the magnetic yoke 2 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the fixed gear sleeve 10
  • the armature disc 5 is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the movable gear sleeve 9
  • a bearing 11 is fixedly sleeved on the outer circumference of the movable gear sleeve 9
  • the bearing 11 is embedded in the bearing seat 12
  • the bearing seat 12 is fixedly connected with the armature disc 5, so that the relative rotation between the armature disc 5 and the movable gear sleeve 9 can be realized, and the movable
  • the toothed sleeve 9 can move with the armature disk 5 in the axial direction.
  • the bearing seat 12 extends to the magnetic steel groove to prevent the magnetic steel 6 from flying out.
  • the magnetic yoke 2 and the fixed toothed sleeve 10 are in clearance fit, so that the magnetic yoke 2 and the fixed toothed sleeve 10 can rotate relative to each other, so that the magnetic yoke 2 and the fixed toothed sleeve 10 can rotate relative to each other.
  • the armature disc 5 remains fixed while the fixed tooth sleeve 10 and the movable tooth sleeve 9 rotate together.
  • the driven part and the fixed part are in driving connection, the movable toothed sleeve 9 and the fixed toothed sleeve 10 mesh and rotate, and the magnetic yoke 2 and the armature disc 5 do not rotate, so that the Reduce power loss and improve transmission efficiency.
  • the present invention discloses an electromagnetic clutch.
  • the electromagnetic clutch includes a fixed component, a driven component and an elastic component.
  • the fixed component includes a magnetic yoke.
  • a plurality of iron cores are arranged on the magnetic yoke.
  • the components include an armature disc, and a number of magnetic steels are arranged on the armature disc; the armature disc is arranged corresponding to the magnetic yoke, and the iron core is arranged correspondingly to the magnetic steel;
  • the elastic component is used to keep the armature disc in a separated position from the magnetic yoke; the coil is connected to the positive direction
  • the iron core attracts the magnetic steel, and the armature plate overcomes the elastic force of the elastic part and moves to the attraction position with the magnetic yoke, so that the fixed part and the driven part realize the transmission connection; when the coil is reversely energized, the electromagnetic force generated by the iron core decreases.
  • the suction force of the small magnetic steel and the elastic force of the elastic parts overcome the suction force of the magnetic steel and push the armature disc to the separation position from the magnetic yoke.
  • the electromagnetic clutch in the present invention does not need to be energized in the separation state and the pull-in state, and has low energy consumption, less heat generation and long service life.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

一种电磁离合器，该电磁离合器包括固定部件、从动部件和弹性部件（1），固定部件包括磁轭（2），磁轭（2）上设置若干个铁芯（3），各铁芯（3）上设置有线圈（4），从动部件包括衔铁盘（5），衔铁盘（5）上设置有若干个磁钢（6）；衔铁盘（5）与磁轭（2）对应设置，铁芯（3）与磁钢（6）对应设置；弹性部件（1）用于保持衔铁盘（5）处于和磁轭（2）的分离位置；线圈（4）通正向电时，铁芯（3）吸合磁钢（6），衔铁盘（5）克服弹性部件（1）的弹力移动至和磁轭（2）的吸合位置，使得固定部件与从动部件实现传动连接；线圈（4）反向通电时，铁芯（3）产生电磁力减小磁钢（6）的吸力，弹性部件（1）的弹力克服磁钢（6）吸力，将衔铁盘（5）推开至和磁轭（2）的分离位置。

Description

一种电磁离合器 技术领域
本发明属于离合器技术领域，特别涉及一种电磁离合器。
发明背景
随着汽车行业的不断发展，电磁离合器在新能源汽车上的应用越来多，用户对电磁离合器的能耗、发热情况及寿命的兼顾需求越来越迫切，然而采用传统电磁离合器存在诸多的缺点及问题。目前传统电磁离合器，具有耗能、发热、电磁力受电流波动影响等缺点，导致电磁离合器发热量大，使离合器能耗大，在一定程度上影响电磁离合器的性能及使用寿命。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明公开了一种电磁离合器，以克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明公开一种电磁离合器，所述电磁离合器包括固定部件、从动部件和弹性部件，所述固定部件包括磁轭，所述磁轭上设置若干个铁芯，各所述铁芯上设置有线圈，所述从动部件包括衔铁盘，所述衔铁盘上设置有若干个磁钢；
所述衔铁盘与所述磁轭对应设置，所述铁芯与所述磁钢对应设置；
所述弹性部件用于保持所述衔铁盘处于和所述磁轭的分离位置；
所述线圈通正向电时，所述铁芯吸合所述磁钢，所述衔铁盘克服所述弹性部件的弹力移动至和所述磁轭的吸合位置，使得所述固定部件与所述从动部件实现传动连接；
所述线圈反向通电时，所述铁芯产生电磁力减小所述磁钢的吸力，所述弹性部件的弹力克服所述磁钢吸力，将所述衔铁盘推开至和所述磁轭的分离位置。
进一步地，所述铁芯和所述磁钢单个呈现或以组合的形式呈现。
进一步地，所述磁轭内均布多个所述铁芯，所述铁芯的数量与所述磁钢的数量相同且位置上一一对应，对应的各所述铁芯与所述磁钢在同一轴线上。
进一步地，所述磁钢为温度系数低的磁钢，用于避免退磁和增加电磁离合器的 抗冲击性，从而使电磁离合器在不同工况和温度下可以正常工作。
进一步地，所述磁钢顶端面为矩形、正方形、三角形或圆形；
所述衔铁盘上设有磁钢槽，所述磁钢通过灌胶或注塑方式固定在所述磁钢槽内。
进一步地，各所述线圈之间采用如下方式进行连接：并联、串联或分组串并联。
进一步地，所述磁轭上设置有减震垫，所述减震垫用于定位，使所述衔铁盘与所述磁轭之间保持间隙，所述减震垫还用于减震和降低噪声。
进一步地，所述从动部件滑动套设在第一轴上，所述固定部件固定在第二轴上；
所述第一轴顶端固定有轴压板，所述弹性部件设置在所述从动部件与所述轴压板之间。
进一步地，所述从动部件还包括活动齿套，所述固定部件上包括固定齿套，所述活动齿套与所述固定齿套能够啮合传动；
所述磁轭固定套设在所述固定齿套外侧，所述衔铁盘转动地套设在所述活动齿套外侧，所述活动齿套可随所述衔铁盘在轴向上移动。
进一步地，所述磁轭和所述固定齿套间隙配合，使得所述磁轭和所述固定齿套能够相对转动，使得在吸合位置时所述固定齿套和所述活动齿套一起转动而所述磁轭和所述衔铁盘保持固定。
本发明的优点及有益效果是：
本发明中的电磁离合器，在分离状态与吸合状态无需通电，耗能小，发热少，使用寿命长。
附图简要说明
图1为本发明的一个实施例中电磁离合器的轴向截面图；
图2为本发明的一个实施例中从动部件的结构图；
图3为本发明的一个实施例中固定部件的结构图。
图中：1、弹性部件，2、磁轭，3、铁芯，4、线圈，5、衔铁盘，6、磁钢，7、减震垫，8、轴压板，9、活动齿套，10、固定齿套，11、轴承，12、轴承座。
实施本发明的方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明具体实施例 及相应的附图对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下结合附图，详细说明本发明各实施例提供的技术方案。
本发明一个实施例中公开一种电磁离合器，如图1和图3所示，所述电磁离合器包括固定部件、从动部件和弹性部件1，固定部件在电磁离合器上的轴向上保持固定位置，所述从动部件至少在电磁离合器的轴向上可移动，使得电磁离合器分别处于吸合或分离位置。
所述固定部件包括磁轭2，所述磁轭2可形成电磁离合器固定部件的壳体，所述磁轭2上设置若干个铁芯3，各所述铁芯3上设置有线圈4，所述线圈4通电可以产生磁力，所述从动部件包括衔铁盘5，所述衔铁盘5上设置有若干个磁钢6，其中所示铁芯3和所述磁钢6的数量可根据需要进行设置。
本实施例中，若干个铁芯3独立设置，可以使磁感应线相对于磁钢6集中和密集，电能转化率更高，根据同极相斥、异极相吸原理，使得所述线圈4在正向通电和反向通电时，电磁力会有很大的差值，从而实现所述衔铁盘5与所述磁轭2的分离。
所述衔铁盘5与所述磁轭2对应设置，两者的轴心在一条直线上，所述铁芯3与所述磁钢6对应设置，便于所述铁芯3与所述磁钢6相互吸合。
所述弹性部件1设置在从动部件内，在一般状态时弹性部件1被压缩或拉伸，其上设有预紧力使得所述衔铁盘处于某一位置，从而保持所述衔铁盘5处于和所述磁轭2的分离位置。
当所述线圈4通正向电时，所述铁芯3吸合所述磁钢6，所述衔铁盘5克服所述弹性部件1的弹力移动至和所述磁轭2的吸合位置，使得所述固定部件与所述从动部件实现传动连接。
当所述线圈4反向通电时，所述铁芯3产生电磁力减小所述磁钢6的吸力，所述弹性部件1的弹力克服所述磁钢6吸力，将所述衔铁盘5推开至和所述磁轭2的分离位置。
本发明中的电磁离合器的工作原理为：在分离位置时，所述铁芯3无电磁力，所述弹性部件1的压缩力或拉伸力大于所述磁钢6的吸合力，使所述衔铁盘5与所 述磁轭2之间保持正常间隙；当离合器接收到吸合指令时，给所述线圈4通正向电，所述铁芯3产生的电磁力与所述磁钢6的磁力共同作用产生的合力大于所述弹性部件1的压缩力或拉伸力，所述衔铁盘5与所述磁轭2吸合，进而实现所述固定部件与所述从动部件传动连接；吸合后，可对所述线圈4进行断电，所述线圈4不产生电磁力，所述磁钢6产生的磁力仍大于所述弹性部件1的压缩力或拉伸力，使所述衔铁盘5与所述磁轭2依然保持吸合状态，实现传动，此状态下不消耗电能；当离合器接收到分离指令时，在吸合状态下，通过给所述线圈4通反向电流产生电磁，减小所述磁钢6产生的吸力，当吸力小于所述弹性部件1压缩力或拉伸力时，所述衔铁盘5与所述磁轭2分离。本发明中的电磁离合器在分离状态与吸合状态无需通电，具有耗能小、发热少和使用寿命长的优点。
在一个实施例中，所述铁芯3和所述磁钢6单个呈现或以组合的形式呈现。所述铁芯3和所述磁钢6以单个的形式均匀或对称性分布，当然，所述铁芯3和所述磁钢6也可以以组合的形式均匀或对称性分布，例如以两个为一组进行分布，或者三个一组形成三角形等等。
在一个实施例中，如图3所示，所述磁轭2内均布多个所述铁芯3，所述铁芯3的数量与所述磁钢6的数量相同且位置上一一对应，对应的各所述铁芯3与所述磁钢6在同一轴线上，便于所述铁芯3与所述磁钢6进行吸合。
在一个优选实施例中，所述磁钢6为温度系数低的磁钢，例如钐钴磁钢，使用温度系数低的磁钢，可以防止所述磁钢6在高温时出现的退磁现象，从而避免电磁离合器在高温时可能会出现的掉档现象，以及在低温时可能会出现的挂不上档的现象，使用温度系数低的磁钢还可以增加电磁离合器的抗冲击性，温度系数低的磁钢可以保证在不同温度下的磁性能变化极小，从而使电磁离合器在不同工况温度下可以正常工作。
在一个实施例中，所述磁钢6顶端面为矩形、正方形、三角形或圆形，当然也可以为其他形状，所述磁钢6整体可形成T字型，顶端面的面积大，该顶端面与所述磁轭2表面平齐。
如图1所示，所述衔铁盘5的外圆周上设有磁钢槽，所述磁钢6通过灌胶或注塑方式固定在所述磁钢槽内，当然也可以通过其他方式进行固定。优选地，所述磁钢6在磁钢槽内的一端设置有凸缘，该凸缘的设置便于所述磁钢6牢固地固定在所述磁钢槽内。
在一个实施例中，各所述线圈4之间采用如下方式进行连接：并联、串联或分组串并联。各所述线圈4可以采用串联的方式进行连接，各所述线圈4也可以采用并联的方式进行连接，各所述线圈4还可以采用串并联的方式进行连接，例如选取多个所述线圈4串联为一组，再将已串联好的若干组线圈4进行并联。
在一个实施例中，如图3所示，所述磁轭2外圆周上设置有减震垫7，所述减震垫7可以是多个，可均匀和/或对称设置，所述减震垫7用于定位，使所述衔铁盘5与所述磁轭2之间保持间隙，所述减震垫7还用于减震和降低噪声。所述减震垫7一方面可避免所述衔铁盘5与所述磁轭2的直接撞击；另一方面，在所述固定部件和所述从动部件传动连接时保证所述衔铁盘5与所述磁轭2之间有一定的间隙，减小传动时产生的震动。
在一个实施例中，所述从动部件滑动套设在第一轴上，所述从动部件可沿所述第一轴的轴线方向移动。优选地，所述从动部件与所述第一轴通过花键连接，周向固定而轴向可相对滑动；所述固定部件固定在第二轴上，所述固定部件和所述第二轴无论轴向还是周向均相对固定，即两者无相对滑动和相对转动。
如图1所示，所述第一轴顶端固定有轴压板8，所述轴压板8的一侧沿轴心方向设有凸起部，所述凸起部外圆面上设有螺纹，所述第一轴端部轴心位置设有螺纹槽，通过所述螺纹和所述螺纹槽实现所述轴压板8与所述第一轴的固定连接；所述凸起部中心位置还设有轴向的螺孔，通过所述螺孔和螺钉或螺栓实现所述轴压板8与所述第一轴的进一步固定。所述弹性部件1设置在所述从动部件与所述轴压板8之间。所述轴压板8的作用是使弹性部件1一直处于压缩状态，随着离合器的分开与结合，弹性部件1的弹力的压缩量会发生变化，弹力值也会变化。所述弹性部件1优选为弹簧。
在一个实施例中，如图2-3所示，所述从动部件还包括活动齿套9，所述固定部件上包括固定齿套10，所述活动齿套9与所述固定齿套10的端面设有端面齿，使所述活动齿套9与所述固定齿套10能够啮合传动；所述活动齿套9与所述固定齿套10内分别设有花键，通过该花键实现所述活动齿套9与所述第一轴的连接以及所述固定齿套10与所述第二轴的连接。
所述磁轭2固定套设在所述固定齿套10外侧，所述衔铁盘5转动地套设在所述活动齿套9外侧，所述活动齿套9外圆周上固定套设有轴承11，所述轴承11嵌装在轴承座12内，所述轴承座12与所述衔铁盘5固定连接，进而可实现所述衔铁 盘5与所述活动齿套9间的相对转动，所述活动齿套9可随所述衔铁盘5在轴向上移动。并且所述轴承座12延伸至所述磁钢槽处，用于防止所述磁钢6飞出。
在一个实施例中，所述磁轭2和所述固定齿套10间隙配合，使得所述磁轭2和所述固定齿套10能够相对转动，使得在吸合位置时所述磁轭2和所述衔铁盘5保持固定而所述固定齿套10和所述活动齿套9一起转动。在所述从动部件与所述固定部件进行传动连接时，所述活动齿套9和所述固定齿套10啮合转动，所述磁轭2和所述衔铁盘5不会发生旋转，进而较少动力的损失，提高传动效率。
综上，本发明公开了一种电磁离合器，电磁离合器包括固定部件、从动部件和弹性部件，固定部件包括磁轭，磁轭上设置若干个铁芯，各铁芯上设置有线圈，从动部件包括衔铁盘，衔铁盘上设置有若干个磁钢；衔铁盘与磁轭对应设置，铁芯与磁钢对应设置；弹性部件用于保持衔铁盘处于和磁轭的分离位置；线圈通正向电时，铁芯吸合磁钢，衔铁盘克服弹性部件的弹力移动至和磁轭的吸合位置，使得固定部件与从动部件实现传动连接；线圈反向通电时，铁芯产生电磁力减小磁钢的吸力，弹性部件的弹力克服磁钢吸力，将衔铁盘推开至和磁轭的分离位置。本发明中的电磁离合器，在分离状态与吸合状态无需通电，耗能小，发热少，使用寿命长。
以上仅为本发明的具体实施方式，在本发明的上述教导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行其他的改进或变形。本领域技术人员应该明白，上述的具体描述只是更好的解释本发明的目的，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述电磁离合器包括固定部件、从动部件和弹性部件，所述固定部件包括磁轭，所述磁轭上设置若干个铁芯，各所述铁芯上设置有线圈，所述从动部件包括衔铁盘，所述衔铁盘上设置有若干个磁钢；
    所述衔铁盘与所述磁轭对应设置，所述铁芯与所述磁钢对应设置；
    所述弹性部件用于保持所述衔铁盘处于和所述磁轭的分离位置；
    所述线圈通正向电时，所述铁芯吸合所述磁钢，所述衔铁盘克服所述弹性部件的弹力移动至和所述磁轭的吸合位置，使得所述固定部件与所述从动部件实现传动连接；
    所述线圈反向通电时，所述铁芯产生电磁力减小所述磁钢的吸力，所述弹性部件的弹力克服所述磁钢吸力，将所述衔铁盘推开至和所述磁轭的分离位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述铁芯和所述磁钢单个呈现或以组合的形式呈现。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述磁轭内均布多个所述铁芯，所述铁芯的数量与所述磁钢的数量相同且位置上一一对应，对应的各所述铁芯与所述磁钢在同一轴线上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述磁钢为温度系数低的磁钢，用于避免退磁和增加电磁离合器的抗冲击性，从而使电磁离合器在不同工况和温度下可以正常工作。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述磁钢顶端面为矩形、正方形、三角形或圆形；
    所述衔铁盘上设有磁钢槽，所述磁钢通过灌胶或注塑方式固定在所述磁钢槽内。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁离合器，其特征在于，各所述线圈之间采用如下方式进行连接：并联、串联或分组串并联。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述磁轭上设置有减震垫，所述减震垫用于定位，使所述衔铁盘与所述磁轭之间保持间隙，所述减震垫还用于减震和降低噪声。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述从动部件 滑动套设在第一轴上，所述固定部件固定在第二轴上；
    所述第一轴顶端固定有轴压板，所述弹性部件设置在所述从动部件与所述轴压板之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述从动部件还包括活动齿套，所述固定部件上包括固定齿套，所述活动齿套与所述固定齿套能够啮合传动；
    所述磁轭固定套设在所述固定齿套外侧，所述衔铁盘转动地套设在所述活动齿套外侧，所述活动齿套可随所述衔铁盘在轴向上移动。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述磁轭和所述固定齿套间隙配合，使得所述磁轭和所述固定齿套能够相对转动，使得在吸合位置时所述固定齿套和所述活动齿套一起转动而所述磁轭和所述衔铁盘保持固定。
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