WO2022003193A1 - Dispositif de ventilation, systeme incluant le dispositif de ventilation, et utilisations de ceux-ci - Google Patents
Dispositif de ventilation, systeme incluant le dispositif de ventilation, et utilisations de ceux-ci Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022003193A1 WO2022003193A1 PCT/EP2021/068415 EP2021068415W WO2022003193A1 WO 2022003193 A1 WO2022003193 A1 WO 2022003193A1 EP 2021068415 W EP2021068415 W EP 2021068415W WO 2022003193 A1 WO2022003193 A1 WO 2022003193A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
- A63B2230/50—Measuring physiological parameters of the user temperature
- A63B2230/505—Measuring physiological parameters of the user temperature used as a control parameter for the apparatus
Definitions
- the present description relates to a device for ventilating a subject and a system comprising such a device. It also relates to a kit comprising such a device or system as well as virtual reality content fixed on a computer medium. The inventors also describe the possible applications of these devices, system and kit, in particular in the fields of medicine, well-being and play.
- the invention typically makes it possible to place the subject in a state receptive to sensory stimulation. It advantageously makes it possible, in particular on a therapeutic level, to place the subject who uses it in a state of cardiac coherence.
- the level "perceived stress" by a subject results from the imbalance between the “perceived constraints” and the “perceived resources” by the subject (Cohen S et al. (1983, 2007). This level is associated with a high risk for this subject. to develop anxio-depressive pathology.
- PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder
- CIM International Classification of Diseases
- This disorder is characterized by a symptomatic square including i) a repetition syndrome (reviviscence), involving excessive sympathetic discharges, ii) avoidance behaviors (Wachen JS et al.), Iii) hypervigilance due to hyperactivity of the brain.
- sympathovagal balance (Stephenson et al.), and iv) cognitive-behavioral disorders still identified by the terms “cognitive and emotional dysfunctions” (WachenJS et al.).
- the subject carrying PTSD presents a real reorganization of his cerebral functioning, in particular at the level of emotional regulation (problems of self-compassion, ruminations, blame, anger, etc.).
- the inventors are also carrying out a study on the benefits of this BATHYSMED diving protocol with emergency physicians with a high risk of Burn Out during the evaluation by the MBL
- the prior art describes a device controlled by software allowing both respiratory training and respiratory muscle training (cf. US Pat. No. 9,452,317), a respiratory device combining game and respiratory therapy (cf. patent application US2019 / 134460), a system making it possible to train its user in the diaphragmatic breathing technique appropriate to a medical condition entered by an operator (cf. patent application WO2020 / 028637) or even a respiratory therapy instrument comprising a housing provided with a 'a printed circuit board and a data transmitter, an airway tube and a pair of pressure sensors in communication with said tube, capable of measuring the pressure inside the tube related to pulmonary flow (during l 'expiration or inspiration), the data collected being used in a game (cf.
- the invention relates in particular to a device for ventilating (A) a subject, said device comprising a mouthpiece or mouthpiece (a) or an oral mask (a), at least one valve (b) advantageously configured. to generate an inspiration pressure of between 0 and 10 mbar of resistance and an expiration pressure of between 1 and 12 mbar of resistance, preferably two separate valves, ie an inspiration valve (b ') configured to generate a inspiration pressure between 0 and 10 mbar resistance, and an exhalation valve (c) configured to generate an expiration pressure between 1 and 12 mbar resistance.
- the configuration of the valve (b), or of the valves (b ’) and (c) thus imposes on the subject an expiratory effort greater than his inspiratory effort.
- the pressure values indicated above, and throughout the description, are expressed in absolute value: a person skilled in the art understands that on inspiration, the pressure exerted on the valve is negative, while on inspiration expiration, it is positive.
- the ventilation device (A) further comprises at least one sensor (d) making it possible to acquire data, for example a pressure sensor and / or a flow sensor. It can also include one or more sensors (d) making it possible to detect and measure (variations of) at least one physiological parameter of the subject, preferably selected from the respiratory rate, a respiratory volume, expiratory capnia (level of exhaled CO2). , heart rate (or heart rate), cardiac coherence, sympathovagal balance and electrical activity of an organ.
- a sensor for example a pressure sensor and / or a flow sensor. It can also include one or more sensors (d) making it possible to detect and measure (variations of) at least one physiological parameter of the subject, preferably selected from the respiratory rate, a respiratory volume, expiratory capnia (level of exhaled CO2). , heart rate (or heart rate), cardiac coherence, sympathovagal balance and electrical activity of an organ.
- the invention relates to a system (X) comprising the ventilation device (A) and a device (Z) for receiving, storing, processing and / or transmitting data acquired by the device. ventilation (A), typically by the sensors (d) of the device (A).
- the invention also relates to a particular system (X), called a “virtual reality system (Y)”, comprising a ventilation device (A) according to the invention and, preferably in addition, a device (Z) (ie a system. (X)), as well as a tool (B) for viewing virtual reality content and / or an audio module (D) for listening to virtual reality content.
- Tool (B) for viewing virtual reality content typically includes a screen and lenses.
- the tool (B) comprises an on-board operating system or is connected to a virtual reality content delivery tool (C).
- the device (A), the system (X) or the system (Y) according to the invention preferably comprises an audio module (D).
- the audio module (D) comprises an audio file reader (f) and / or a memory card (g).
- the system (X) or the system (Y) can also further comprise a means (H) making it possible to modulate the temperature of all or part of the subject's scalp by means of a liquid or a gas and / or a means (I) making it possible to deliver or generate electrical impulses on all or part of the subject's scalp.
- the audio module (D) of the system (Y) comprises an audio file reader (f) and a memory card (g);
- the system (A) comprises a pressure and / or flow sensor (d) which delivers a signal;
- the device (Z) comprises a processor or a microcontroller (e) which: i) analyzes the signal delivered by the pressure and / or flow sensor (d) by comparing the pressure level with at least two predefined pressure thresholds , ii) transmits a signal to the audio file player (f) which starts or stops the playback of the first or the second sound file according to the inspiratory or expiratory nature of the ventilation phase in which the subject is located, by adapting the intensity of the sound volume as a function of the deviation from the two predefined thresholds, and preferably iii) records the signals delivered by the sensor (d) and / or transmitted to the audio file player (f).
- the invention also relates to a kit comprising a device (A), a system (X) or a system (Y) as
- the invention relates to the use of a device (A), of an audio module (D), of a system (X), of a system (Y) or of an kit as described by the inventors for simulating non-invasive ventilation, for example in a therapeutic embodiment.
- the invention also relates to the use of a device (A), of an audio module (D), of a system (X), of a system (Y) or of a kit as described by the inventors to simulate for example a scuba diving, a flight, for example an aeronautical or space flight, a trip, the visit of a site of interest or the virtual world of an electronic game.
- the description also relates to the use of a device (A), of an audio module (D), of a system (X), of a system (Y) or of a kit as described by the inventors. , or such a device (A), audio module (D), system (X), system (Y) or kit for use, in the prevention or treatment in a subject of a disease or disorder hey stress or anxiety, a symptom of said disease or disorder, and / or migraine in the subject, in particular to enable the subject to achieve a state of cardiac coherence or, in other words to allow him to increase his heart variability.
- the device (A), audio module (D), system (X), system (Y) or kit can be used alone or in combination with one or more gases and / or one or more active molecules used in prevention or treatment disease, disorder, symptom of said disease or disorder and / or migraine.
- the description is also aimed at a method of preventing or treating, in a subject, a disease or a disorder related to stress or anxiety, a symptom of said disease or said disorder, and / or the disease. migraine, characterized in that the method comprises the use of a device (A), a system (X), a system (Y), or a kit, as described in the present text, for preventing or treating the disease, disorder and / or migraine in the subject, alone or in combination with one or more gases and / or one or more active molecules used in the prevention or treatment of the disease, disorder, symptom of said disease or said disorder and / or migraine.
- the therapeutic effect can be directly demonstrated by the detection of cardiac coherence, or in other words, by the detection of an increase in cardiac variability and a reduction in respiratory rate, in subjects using a device according to the invention.
- Cardiac coherence is a personal stress and emotional management practice that involves breathing exercises. It is described as having numerous physical, mental and emotional health benefits. This is a physiological stress control technique that makes it possible to achieve a particular state of equilibrium in the variability of the heart rate / heart rate (pulse) or "cardiac variability" (ie the capacity of the heart. to speed up or slow down in order to adapt to its environment), called “cardiac coherence state”. With nearly 40,000 neurons and a complex and dense network of neurotransmitters, the heart communicates directly with the brain. By acting on the heart rate via breathing exercises, it is thus possible to send positive messages to the brain. Cardiac coherence allows the individual who practices it to learn to control their breathing in order to regulate their stress and anxiety.
- Achieving a state of cardiac coherence allows subjects suffering from PTSD to increase their cardiac variability, ideally to stabilize their cardiac rhythm beyond the period during which the respiratory exercises are carried out ("persistence" of the positive effects) .
- the state of cardiac coherence is also described as helping to reduce depression and blood pressure.
- the body is governed by two major nervous systems, the somatic system (voluntary acts) and the autonomic system (automatic regulation).
- the heart actively participates in the autonomic nervous system, where it plays an essential role in adapting to environmental changes.
- a healthy heart has high heart amplitude variability.
- the autonomic nervous system is divided into two subsystems: the sympathetic and the parasympathetic.
- the sympathetic triggers all the actions necessary for flight or combat, but also the acceleration of heart and respiratory rates as well as the dilation of the pupils and the inhibition of digestion.
- the parasympathetic person promotes recovery, relaxation, rest, repair, etc.
- Inhalation stimulates the sympathetic system while exhalation stimulates the parasympathetic system.
- breathing is controlled by the autonomic nervous system as well as by the somatic nervous system, it is possible to control the autonomic nervous system by this route. For example, it is possible to achieve the desired state of equilibrium (the state of cardiac coherence) by breathing six times per minute (inspiration and expiration of 5 seconds each).
- This breathing frequency makes it possible to reach the respiratory rate of 0.1 Hertz (physiological constant specific to humans).
- the state of cardiac coherence induces immediate effects with an increase in cardiac variability associated with calming, medium-term effects (over durations of several hours - cf. Heckenberg RA, Eddy P, Kent S, Wright BJ., J Psychosom Res. 2018 Nov; 114: 62-71) with neurohormonal changes (e.g. reduction in stress hormones) and longer term (over several months, e.g. at least two, three, four, five, or six months) with, for example, reductions in cardiovascular or neuropsychic risk.
- the increased magnitude of heart variability and a calming state can be seen immediately. In the longer term, a decrease in arterial hypertension and cardiovascular risk can be observed, better recovery, improvement in concentration and memorization, reduction in attention and hyperactivity disorders, better tolerance. pain, and, where appropriate, improvement in symptoms of asthmatic disease and inflammatory signs.
- the inventors sought to know whether recreational diving was able to induce or strengthen the mindful functioning of stressed subjects and improve their quality of life.
- the inventors have developed an innovative protocol associating non-narcotic scuba diving (ie less than 20 meters deep) with mindfulness meditation (“Bathysmed” protocol - cf. experimental part) and studied (Study “DIVSTRESS”) 37 volunteers divided into two distinct groups, the members of one of the groups practicing a diving course including a program in ten sessions (including one dive per day over 10 days) while the members of the other group were engaged in sporting activities distinct from diving as part of a ten-day UCPA course as well.
- the inventors have, secondly, succeeded in inducing, outside an aquatic environment, the beneficial respiratory effects observed within the framework of the “Bathysmed” study described above in individuals who have used the device and the tools. , objects of the present invention, described in the present text.
- they succeeded in reproducing in these subjects a state of full consciousness and cardiac coherence directly associated with a decrease in heart rate, spontaneous respiratory rate and a decrease in capnia (exhaled CO2 rate) measurable: the frequency heart rate thus went from 72 ⁇ 13 beats per minute to 64 ⁇ 5 beats per minute; the respiratory rate increased from 15 ⁇ 5 cycles per minute to 11 ⁇ 4 over a period of 5 minutes.
- Capnia was reduced from 35 ⁇ 5 to 33 ⁇ 3 mm Hg following an increase in tidal volume from 584 ⁇ 86 ml to 1100 ⁇ 382 ml, over the same time interval (see Example 1). All these changes are induced spontaneously in the test subjects using the ventilation device (A) according to the invention regardless of any intention or voluntary approach on the part of the test subjects.
- the invention thus relates in particular to a ventilation device (A) for a subject.
- This device typically comprises a mouthpiece or bucconasal or an oral mask (a) and at least one valve (b) advantageously configured to generate an inspiration pressure of between 0 and 10 mbar of resistance and a pressure of expiration of between 1 and 12 mbar of resistance, preferably two separate valves, ie an inspiration valve (b ') configured to generate an inspiration pressure of between 0 and 10 mbar of resistance, and an expiration valve ( c) configured to generate an exhalation pressure of between 1 and 12 mbar of resistance, the configuration of said valve (b) or of said valves (b ') and (c) ideally being carried out under physiological conditions for the subject.
- This configuration of the valve (b), or the valves (b ’) and (c) advantageously makes it possible to impose on the subject using the device (A) an expiratory force greater than his inspiratory force. Inspiratory and expiratory flows are therefore differentiated.
- This device is typically intended for use on land or in the air. It is preferably intended for use on land, i.e. neither in an aquatic environment nor in the air, and under normal pressure conditions, i.e. approximately one atmosphere (1 atm, i.e. 1.013 bar or 101 325 Pa).
- the device can be used in pressurized air condition, for example in a hyperbaric chamber.
- the mouthpiece (a) is typically a mouthpiece of the tip type for snorkel, or preferably tip for diving regulator, for example of the tip type for diving regulator of the type and volume currently existing.
- the mouthpiece (a) is for example a mouthpiece of the mouthpiece type used in hospitals or in aeronautics allowing adaptation to the physiology of the child (who breathes much more spontaneously and easily through the nose) or to the anatomy-physiology of some adult person.
- the tips described above typically include a gas supply tube and optionally bite tabs.
- the mouth-to-face mask (a) is for example a mask of the mask type used in first aid (ARI), in an aquatic environment (general public diving face mask) or in a medical context (such as a non-ventilation mask). invasive).
- the device (A) is non-invasive, i.e. it does not involve any endotracheal device such as intubation or tracheotomy.
- the breathed gas is preferably air, typically ambient air, the device being intended for use, preferably, on land and under normal conditions of atmospheric pressure (1 atm), typically in outside of an aquatic environment.
- the gas comes directly from the external environment in which the subject using the device is located (surrounding air G user).
- the gas inhaled can also be oxygen-enriched air or be a gas mixture whose composition can be adapted according to specific objectives (addition of inhaled therapies, specific perfumes).
- the gas instead of coming from the external environment, the gas can come from one or more breathing gas cylinders.
- valve / valve / valve type means again identified as “Two-way pressure and flow control valve” (the terms “valve” and “valve” being used interchangeably in the context of the present invention), which allows gas to pass, typically from outside the device (A) towards the mouthpiece or bucco-nasal during inspiration, or from the inside of the device (A) towards the outside of said device on expiration.
- valves can be broken down into two sub-functions: control of the direction of the flow passing through the valve (uni or bidirectional), and management of the overpressure or depression necessary to allow the passage of the gas flow.
- valve or the flap (b) is controlled (automatically) by a device attached to the system (A) such as the system (Z) described below.
- the device (A) comprises two separate valves or flaps, typically an inspiration valve (b ') and an expiration valve (c) (still identified as “valves”).
- unidirectional pressure and flow rate control ”) can be one and / or the other (automatically) controlled by a device attached to the system (A) such as the system (Z) described below.
- the inspiration or the expiration of the subject controls the opening of the valve or the valve which allows gas to pass from a chamber present within the device (A) to the mouthpiece or mouthpiece during inspiration, or from the inside of the device (A) to the outside of said device on expiration.
- the valve (b) or the inspiration (b ') and expiration (c) valves is / are configured to regulate the subject's breathing, preferably to slow down his breathing (his ventilation cycle) within him imposing a higher expiratory effort (at least 1 mbar as explained below) than his inspiratory effort.
- the valve (b) or the inspiration valve (b ') is thus configured to generate an inspiration pressure (associated with the inspiratory flow), typically between 0 and 10 mbar of resistance and the valve (b) or the valve expiration (c) is configured to generate an expiratory pressure (associated with the expiratory flow), typically an expiration pressure between 1 and 10 mbar of resistance.
- the expiration pressure (associated with the expiratory flow) is necessarily positive.
- the inspiratory pressure (associated with the inspiratory flow) is on the contrary necessarily a "depression" so that the range of values expressed in absolute value above, can also be described as neutral or negative and, expressed in real value, as typically between 0 and -10 mbar.
- Respiratory pressure in particular inspiration pressure or expiration pressure, is the pressure exerted within the subject's airways, typically during periods of inspiration (inspiration pressure) or expiration (pressure of inspiration). 'expiry). Positive expiratory pressure is therefore the expiratory pressure maintained within the subject's airways during the expiration phase.
- the difference in respiratory pressure imposed on the subject by the valve (b) (bidirectional) or by each of the inspiration (b ') and expiration (c) (unidirectional) valves is at least 1 mbar, for example 3 mbar.
- the inspiration pressure can be between 0 and 10 mbar of resistance. It is in particular between 1 and 10 mbar of resistance. It is preferably between 0 or 1 mbar and 3 or 4 mbar, for example between 1 mbar and 3 mbar, between 1 mbar and 2 mbar or between 2 mbar and 3 mbar.
- the expiration pressure can be between 1 and 10 mbar of resistance. It is typically between 2, 2.5 or 3 mbar and 10 mbar of resistance, for example between 2.5 mbar and 4 or 5 mbar, between 3 mbar and 4 mbar, between 4 mbar and 5 mbar, between 5 mbar and 6 mbar or between 6 mbar and 7 mbar.
- the ventilation device advantageously comprises a means making it possible to modulate in a controlled manner, the pressure exerted on the valve serving to control the flow of gas, typically d ambient air, on inhalation [valve (b) or inspiration valve (b ')] and / or on expiration of the subject [valve (b) or expiration valve (c)].
- This valve is typically a one-way valve acting on the inspiratory outlet (inspiration non-return valve), typically a valve (b '), or expiratory (expiration non-return valve), typically a valve (c), of the ventilation device (A).
- the means making it possible to modulate the pressure exerted on the valve may be a brake configured to exert a stress, preferably adjustable, on the valve, typically on the one-way valve, in order to control the pressure of the gas coming from the inspiratory inlet or that of the gas from the expiratory outlet, so as to generate a neutral or negative pressure in the case of the inspiration pressure, and systematically positive in the case of the expiration pressure, and so as to control / control the value of this pressure when it is positive.
- a brake configured to exert a stress, preferably adjustable, on the valve, typically on the one-way valve, in order to control the pressure of the gas coming from the inspiratory inlet or that of the gas from the expiratory outlet, so as to generate a neutral or negative pressure in the case of the inspiration pressure, and systematically positive in the case of the expiration pressure, and so as to control / control the value of this pressure when it is positive.
- the brake may be a valve / a valve with a flexible membrane.
- the valve opening pressure / depression value can be modulated by adjusting the Shore hardness value of the membrane.
- the brake can be a one-way valve-diaphragm assembly (see FIG. 9A), also called “diaphragm valve and diaphragm”. This type of brake modulates the pressure according to the flow.
- the brake may be a one-way valve-butterfly valve assembly (see FIG. 9C).
- the unidirectional valve defines the direction of flow of the flow and the butterfly valve makes it possible to modulate the section of flow of the flow and therefore to regulate the pressure according to the flow.
- the brake may be provided with a hardening spring associated with a set screw.
- a hardening spring associated with a set screw.
- a particular example is a check valve with calibrated spring (cf. FIG. 9B), also called “calibrated relief valve”.
- the brake can be a solenoid valve or a solenoid valve.
- the latter can be controlled / piloted electronically following measurements provided by a pressure sensor.
- the means typically the brake, can take any form making it possible to vary the level of obstruction of the exit surface, and is advantageously slaved to a computer or processor accessible to the subject.
- the means making it possible to modulate the pressure exerted on the valve (s) within the device (A) is implemented / controlled by a computer.
- the ventilation device (A) can make it possible to generate several, for example two, three or four levels of positive expiratory pressure, selected for example among the pressure levels of 1; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5; 5.5; 6; 6.5; 7; 7.5; 8; 8.5; 9; 9.5 and 10 mbar.
- positive expiratory pressure corresponds to the levels making it possible to slow down the breathing of a human being sufficiently to allow him to reach, or maintain (preferably, in the case of a therapeutic application, for a period sufficient to obtain a detectable therapeutic effect / benefit), the desired state of equilibrium, ie the state of cardiac coherence .
- the ventilation device (A) is a second stage diving regulator or a second stage diving regulator simulator.
- the ventilation device (A) described by the inventors comprises at least one sensor (d) making it possible to acquire data, for example at least one pressure sensor and / or one flow sensor (d ).
- the sensor makes it possible to capture data / parameters emanating from the subject using the device (A), typically physiological data.
- a pressure and / or flow sensor thus makes it possible to measure the pressure and / or the flow rate of the breathed gas (inspired or expired), preferably of the expired gas, by the subject.
- the term "sensor” denotes a means which measures a physical quantity and preferably translates it into a signal.
- the quantity in question can be, for example, pressure, respiratory rate, respiratory rate, volume, for example lung volume, or electrical activity.
- the transmitted signal is generally an electrical signal but can also be optical or electromagnetic.
- the sensor (d) is a pressure and / or flow rate sensor and is advantageously composed of both an element sensitive to the pressure and / or to the flow rate of the breathed gas and at least a means making it possible to convert this information into an output signal, for example a flow or pressure sensor module associated with an electronic module for converting the physical quantity into an electrical signal.
- This signal once processed, preferably by a processor (a microcontroller) (e), makes it possible to electronically adapt the operation of the device, module, means or system described for the first time by the inventors in this text, for example the ventilation device (A), preferably automatically.
- a processor a microcontroller
- the ventilation device (A) thus also comprises one or more additional sensors (d ') making it possible to detect and / or measure at least one, preferably at least two physiological parameters of the subject, typically distinct (s) from the parameter measured by the sensor (d), for example selected from among the respiratory rate, respiratory rate, lung volume, capnia, and electrical activity.
- the ventilation device (A) comprises one or more position sensors of the head, limbs, body or eyes (such as accelerometer or optical gyroscopes), making it possible to detect / study for example the behavior of the body in relation to the simulation session.
- the data collected can be reused in the field of gaming to correlate / improve the correlation of body movements in relation to the scenario of a particular game.
- the invention also relates to a system (X) comprising a ventilation device (A) as described for the first time by the inventors in the present text, and a device (Z) for receiving, storing, processing and / or transmission of data acquired by the device (A), typically by the sensor (s) associated with the device (A), such as physiological data / parameters of the subject using said device (A).
- the device (Z) is a stand-alone box comprising an external power supply (J) and / or an internal battery (m), preferably accompanied by, or capable of being connected to, a recharging device. ; a processor or microcontroller (e); an on-off switch; and / or an internal recording module (n), for example an SD-micro SD type storage unit, or external (K), for example a computer; and, preferably at least one operating led.
- the device (Z), the system (X), the system (Y) or the audio module (D) further comprises a recorder module (n), for example a microSD module, preferably controlled / controlled by the microprocessor (e) so that it records the temporal evolution of the signal picked up in an exploitable format (for example a “.txt” text file), preferably on a removable storage medium (for example on a microSD card ).
- the recorded file can also be transmitted by wireless communication (Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) to a storage medium.
- the device (Z) When connected to an audio module (D), the device (Z) allows the synchronization of the ventilatory cycle detected thanks to the sensor (s) (d) present in the ventilation device (A) in triggering the diffusion of a sound qualified as inspiratory and / or expiratory and / or a soundtrack (the inspiratory (s) and / or expiratory (s) sounds can be mixed with the soundtrack when the device ( Z) or the audio module (D) comprises a sound adjustment and / or mixing system (mixer / amplifier) (o), for example simulating scuba diving, an aeronautical flight and / or a space flight.
- a sound adjustment and / or mixing system mixer / amplifier
- the inspiratory and expiratory sounds diffused, perceived by the user of the device correspond to the sounds perceived by a subject actually performing a scuba diving and using a diving regulator.
- the sound of the emission of gas bubbles in water is thus for example perceived at the time of the subject using the device exhaling.
- the audio module (D) combined with the ventilation device (A) promotes the cardiac coherence of the user subject who will unconsciously regulate his breathing / his respiratory cycle, ie on the one hand his inspiration and on the other hand his exhalation, on the sounds perceived in order to be in phase with them (“auditory visualization” by the subject of the phases of the respiratory cycle).
- the combination of said means therefore facilitate the use of the device and the observance of a protocol as described in the present text, for example of a therapeutic protocol (for the direct benefit of the patient subject).
- the inventors also describe a virtual reality system (Y) comprising a ventilation device (A) or a system (X) according to the invention as well as a tool (B) making it possible to view virtual reality content and / or a device (B). audio module (D) for listening to virtual reality content.
- a virtual reality system comprising a ventilation device (A) or a system (X) according to the invention as well as a tool (B) making it possible to view virtual reality content and / or a device (B).
- audio module (D) for listening to virtual reality content.
- the system (Y) allows its user to artificially reproduce a sensory experience which includes hearing (sound experience) and / or sight (visual experience), as well as preferably the position in space, and ideally also touch (tactile experience), in particular hot / cold sensations, and / or smell (olfactory experience). It thus allows the user to be "immersed” in a virtual reality.
- the combination of two or more of these means favors the putting into a state of cardiac coherence of the user subject who will unconsciously regulate his breathing / his respiratory cycle, ie d 'on the one hand its inspiration and on the other hand its exhalation, on the sounds and images perceived.
- the combination of several means, in particular of the device (A), of a tool (B) and of an audio module (D), therefore facilitates the use of said device, or more generally of the virtual reality system (Y) , and therefore compliance with a protocol as described in the present text, for example a therapeutic protocol (for the direct benefit of the patient subject).
- the audio module (D) comprises, or is connected to, typically an apparatus (R) comprising at least one earpiece or speaker, preferably two earphones or speakers, one for each ear, and makes it possible to reproduce sound content .
- Each earphone contains at least one transducer capable of reproducing all the audible frequencies, or at least most of them. It is typically integrated and / or connected to the ventilation device (A), to the device (Z) (ie to the system (X)) and / or to a tool (B) (ie to the virtual reality system (Y)) allowing view virtual reality content.
- the device (R) comprising at least one earphone or loudspeaker, preferably two earphones or loudspeakers, is typically selected from an audio headset, one or more earphones and one or more in-ear headphones (with or without wire).
- headset comes from the fact that the two earphones (at least one earphone, preferably both, being active or activatable) are connected by a hoop which encloses the head of the user who is listening.
- one or more sounds to be broadcast, for example a sound identical or similar to a sound generated during the experiment to be simulated (as explained above in connection with the example of scuba diving), a voice message and / or music.
- the audio module (D) comprises, or is connected to, preferably a means making it possible to reduce or eliminate the surrounding noise and / or to diffuse a sound. identical or similar to a sound generated during the experiment to be simulated, for example when using a scuba diving regulator, typically in real diving condition.
- the broadcast sound is preferably stereophonic sound (i.e. the broadcast sound reconstitutes the spatial distribution of the original sound sources).
- This sound relief is typically obtained using two channels (left and right) broadcast by at least two transducers, one for each ear. Under ideal conditions, the listening user hears sounds as in nature or as if they were located in front of the orchestra during a concert.
- the means making it possible to diffuse a sound identical or similar to a sound generated during the experiment to be simulated preferably diffuses at least the sound generated during the use of a regulator diving in actual diving condition, or a sound similar to this.
- the means for reducing surrounding noise is preferably one which continuously measures, compares and processes the ambient noise to cancel it out by emitting an opposite signal, for example.
- the audio module (D) is connected to a sound source, for example via a jack connector.
- the audio module (D) comprises a wireless connection.
- it is equipped with a radio or infrared wave receiver, or even Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, to communicate with a base connected to the audio source.
- the audio module (D) typically the audio module (D) of the system (Y), comprises, or is connected to, a means making it possible to reduce or eliminate the surrounding noise and / or to broadcast the same or similar sound to a sound generated when using a scuba diving regulator;
- the ventilation device (A) comprises at least one sensor (d);
- the device (Z) is connected to the sensor (s) (d) of the ventilation device (A) and to the audio module (D); and the audio module (D) makes it possible to broadcast the inspiratory and expiratory sounds in a manner synchronized with the ventilation of the subject.
- the audio module (D) comprises a processor or a microcontroller (e), an audio file player (f) and / or a memory card (g), an adjustment and / or mixing system sound (o) and preferably an audio input and output.
- the audio module (D) comprises an audio file player (f) and / or a memory card (g), a system for adjusting and / or mixing the sound (o) and, preferably one audio input and output.
- the processor or microcontroller (e) allows i) to analyze the signal received by a sensor (d), for example a sensor (d) present within the ventilation device (A), the system (X) and / or the system (Y), typically by comparing the value of the signal received with a value or an interval of reference values, for example a pressure level exerted by a respiratory gas on a valve or a respiratory gas flow rate level, and, at the end of the analysis, ii) transmits a signal to a receiver, for example to a reader audio file (f).
- a sensor for example a sensor (d) present within the ventilation device (A), the system (X) and / or the system (Y)
- a value or an interval of reference values for example a pressure level exerted by a respiratory gas on a valve or a respiratory gas flow rate level
- This transmitted signal includes the instructions to start or stop the playback of a particular sound file, selected for example according to the inspiratory or expiratory nature of the ventilation phase (which includes the inspiration phase, the expiration phase and the respiratory pause between the two phases) in which the subject is.
- the measured pressure level is for example compared to at least two predefined pressure thresholds.
- the signal also preferably comprises the instructions for adjusting the intensity of the sound volume as a function of the deviation from the two predefined thresholds.
- the sound volume is all the higher as the value of the signal is close to the value of the predefined threshold, and conversely, the sound volume is all the lower as the value of the signal moves away. of the value of the predefined threshold.
- the processor or microcontroller (e) is present according to a particular embodiment in the audio module (D). In another particular embodiment, the processor or microcontroller (e) is present in the device (Z), the system (X) or the system (Y), and independent of the audio module (D), for example attached to the device. ventilation (A).
- the audio file player (f) reads, from the signal received from the processor or microcontroller (e), one of the sound files stored on an audio memory card (g) and generates an audio stream sent to the mixer / amplifier (o).
- the audio memory card (g) preferably comprises several sound files, for example a first sound file allowing the diffusion of an inspiratory sound and a second sound file allowing the diffusion of an expiratory sound.
- the audio signal corresponding to the sound files of a respiratory sound can be mixed with another audio signal (for example a music accompanying a film watched by the user of the system (Y) via a virtual reality headset) delivered by an audio source secondary (S) connected to the audio module.
- another audio signal for example a music accompanying a film watched by the user of the system (Y) via a virtual reality headset
- S an audio source secondary
- the audio module (D) comprises at least one potentiometer (p), preferably two potentiometers (p and q) (for example stereo logarithmic potentiometers). These allow you to independently adjust the sound level of each signal.
- the audio module may further include a mixer / power amplifier (ie the sound adjustment and / or mixing system (o)) which transmits the processed signal (mixed / mixed and / or amplified) resulting in earphone / headphones, for example headphones (R).
- the means making it possible to reduce or eliminate the surrounding noises and / or to diffuse a sound identical or similar to a sound generated during the use of a scuba diving regulator is preferably connected to the pressure and / or flow rate sensor (d) of the ventilation tool (A), and the audio module (D) advantageously makes it possible to diffuse the inspiratory and expiratory sounds in a manner synchronized with the ventilation of the subject.
- a particular system (Y) comprises an audio module (D) comprising an audio file reader (f) and a memory card (g), said memory card preferably comprising a first sound file allowing the diffusion of an inspiratory sound and a second sound file allowing the diffusion of an expiratory sound;
- the sensor (s) (d) is (are) a pressure and / or flow sensor (s) which deliver (s) a signal;
- the device (Z) comprises a processor or a microcontroller (e) which: i) analyzes the signal delivered by the pressure and / or flow sensor (d) by comparing the pressure level with at least two predefined pressure thresholds , and ii) transmits a signal to the audio file player (f) which starts or stops the playback of the first or the second sound file according to the inspiratory or expiratory nature of the ventilation phase in which the subject is located, by adapting, from preferably automatically, the intensity of the sound volume as a function of the deviation from the two predefined thresholds, and preferably iii)
- the device (A), the system (X) or the system (Y) may include, or be connected to, one or more additional sound files allowing the diffusion of one or more sounds at the time of inspiration and / or of the subject's expiration, or continuously during the subject's respiratory cycle, and / or may include, or be connected to, one or more files supporting visual content and possibly supporting sound associated with said visual content .
- system (Y) comprising a ventilation device (A) can advantageously comprise a tool (B) making it possible to view virtual reality content.
- Tool (B) typically includes at least one screen and lenses.
- the display screen is typically miniaturized and can be a cathode-ray display (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), liquid crystal display on silicon (LCoS), or light emitting diode (OLED) display.
- the tool comprises multiple micro-screens making it possible to increase the resolution and the field of view.
- Tool (B) is typically a display device comprising a small display screen in front of one eye (monocular tool) or each eye (binocular tool).
- tool (B) can display a different image in front of each eye. This makes it possible to display stereoscopic images, that is, images that represent a reality in three dimensions ("3D"). Such a tool makes it possible to advantageously reproduce a perception of the relief from two plane images.
- tool (B) is a binocular tool allowing the user to perceive depth (presence of two video inputs providing a video signal to each eye; use of time multiplexing, side by side or from top to bottom).
- Tool (B) typically offers a field of view of 60 ° to 230 °, preferably 60 ° to 210 °, for example 60 ° to 170 °, and a binocular overlap preferably between 50 ° and 180 ° . It typically offers 4K resolution per eye preferably.
- the tool (B) is adapted to its user, and is adjusted in order to take into account in particular his pupillary distance.
- Tool (B) can be used to display real world images, computer generated images or a combination of real world images and computer generated images.
- the combination of a real world view and a computer generated image can be done by projecting the computer generated image onto a partially transparent mirror which also allows the real world to be seen through transparency. This method is also called “optical see-through”.
- the combination of the two worlds can also be done electronically by recording the real world with a digital camera and electronically mixing computer-generated images into it. This method is also called “Video See-Through”.
- the tool (B) can be preferably selected from a helmet, visor, mask and pair of (virtual reality) glasses, or be integrated with, for example, a helmet, visor, mask or pair. glasses (virtual reality). Tool (B) can also be done from a smartphone. Tool (B) is typically a display device worn on the head or in a helmet.
- the system (X), the virtual reality system (Y) and / or the tool (B) comprises an on-board operating system allowing the broadcasting of virtual reality content (the tool (B ) is in this case referred to as an “intelligent” tool), or is connected to a virtual reality content delivery tool (C).
- the virtual reality content delivery tool (C) is preferably selected from a computer, a memory card, a game console, a smartphone and the Internet network.
- the on-board system may include a file system allowing applications to read and write files to a non-volatile memory space of the physical system.
- the system (X), the system (Y) and / or the tool (B) comprises a sensor in networks (preferably a wireless sensor allowing data exchanges for example via infrared) capable of retrieving information and transmitting it over the network.
- Virtual reality content is a collection of real world images / views, computer generated images, or a combination of real world images / views and computer generated images.
- the virtual reality content is preferably a film, for example a film of a subject's experience of moving in space, preferably an experience of the user of the system (Y) itself, that the either aquatic, terrestrial, air or space space. It can for example be a film of a scuba diving, a flight (without or with a means of transport such as an airplane or a hot air balloon for example), a journey and / or the visit of a site of interest, for example a visit carried out on foot or by means of transport.
- the system (X) or the virtual reality system (Y) and / or the tool (B) may be provided with a user interface.
- the system (X) or the system (Y) according to the invention can also comprise a means (H) making it possible to modulate the temperature of all or part of the scalp of the subject, typically by means of a liquid or a gas , possibly circulating, and / or a means (I) making it possible to deliver or generate electrical impulses on all or part of the subject's scalp.
- the means (H) and (I) can advantageously be used to stimulate the subject by acting via his scalp and make it possible to reproduce a sensory experience.
- Such tools allow the subject to more easily reach a state of relaxation and therefore facilitate the use of the device and the observance of a protocol as described in the present text, for example of a therapeutic protocol (for the direct benefit patient subject).
- the means (H) and / or (I) are configured so that they can be placed on all or part of the scalp of a subject.
- the means (H) and / or (I) can thus be in the form of a helmet, typically with regard to the means (I) in the form of an electrode mask.
- the means (H) typically make it possible to reproduce the hot / cold sensations. It comprises a chamber or a tubular network making it possible, once filled with a liquid or a gas, possibly circulating, to modulate the surface temperature of all or part of the subject's scalp. Contact with a sufficiently cold liquid, or the circulation of such liquid, causes vasoconstriction of all or part of the subject's cerebral vessels. This effect can be obtained at temperatures between 10 ° C and 25 ° C, preferably between 15 ° C and 22 ° C. Conversely, contact with a sufficiently hot liquid, or the circulation of such a liquid, causes vasodilation of all or part of the subject's cerebral vessels. This effect can be obtained at temperatures between 26 ° C and 38 ° C, preferably between 28 ° C and 35 ° C.
- the means (I) typically make it possible to deliver or generate electrical impulses on all or part of the subject's scalp. It advantageously comprises a wired network of electrodes, said electrodes preferably being movable.
- the means (I) may for example be a "helmet with straps" or a helmet in the form of a net, said helmet preferably being provided with electrodes integrated into said straps or said net.
- the thermal stimulation and / or the electrical stimulation are preferably controllable, and can, according to a preferred embodiment, be activated, modulated or stopped directly by the user.
- the system (X) advantageously comprises one or more temperature and / or electrical activity sensors (d), preferably arranged within a system (X), advantageously in the form of a helmet. , so as to be in contact with the scalp of the user subject.
- a processor or microcontroller (e) makes it possible to i) analyze the signal received by the sensor (s) (d), typically by comparing the value of the signal received with a value or with an interval of reference values, and at the end of the analysis, ii) transmits a signal to a receiver, for example to a module (H) or (I) as described in the present text triggering, modulating or stopping a thermal or electrical stimulation, for example according to values predefined reference temperature / electrical activity thresholds, by comparison of the detected value with said reference value (s).
- the combination of several means therefore facilitates the use of said device, or more generally of the virtual reality system (Y), and therefore the observance of a protocol as described in this text, for example of a therapeutic protocol (for the direct benefit of the patient).
- the device (A), the system (Z), the system (X) or the virtual reality system (Y) as described by the inventors preferably comprises an integrated power supply source or a connection means (with or wireless) to an electrical power source (power supply, battery, battery, etc.), for example.
- the power source is an internal power source (m) to the system (Z) or an external power source (J) connected to said system (Z).
- the device (A), the system (Z) or the system (X) as described by the inventors operates according to a preferred embodiment by transmitting signals via a wireless system, for example WiFi or Bluetooth.
- a wireless system for example WiFi or Bluetooth.
- One or the other of the virtual reality systems according to the invention as described by the inventors can advantageously be used to allow the user subject to reach a state of cardiac coherence or, in other words to allow him to increase his heart variability. It is therefore for example usable for a therapeutic purpose as described in the present text.
- the inventors also describe a kit comprising at least one device (A), a system (X) or a system (Y) as described by the inventors, and virtual reality content fixed on a computer medium, for example on a card. memory or on a USB key, preferably on a memory card.
- the invention is aimed at ventilation equipment, for example diving ventilation equipment, in particular a diving regulator, comprising a device (A), a system (X) or a system (Y) as described in this text.
- ventilation equipment for example diving ventilation equipment, in particular a diving regulator, comprising a device (A), a system (X) or a system (Y) as described in this text.
- the invention also relates to the use of a tool as described by the inventors in the present text, typically of a device (A), of a system (X), of a system (Y) or of a kit, to simulate, in a prophylactic or therapeutic setting / context, an experience, typically a movement in the user's space, whether the space is aquatic, terrestrial, air or space, for example a scuba diving, a flight (without or with a means of transport such as an airplane or a hot air balloon for example), a trip and / or the visit of a site of interest, for example on foot or using a means of transport, the objective being to allow for the user to reach, or maintain, the desired state of equilibrium, ie the state of cardiac coherence, or to simulate, in a playful or relaxing setting / context, an experience, typically a movement in the user space, whether the space is aquatic, terrestrial, air or space, for example a scuba diving, a flight (without or with a means of transport such as an airplane or a hot
- the subject is a mammal, preferably a human being regardless of his age or sex.
- the subject may be a healthy subject (typically in the playful or relaxing setting / context described above) or a subject suffering from a disease or disorder related to stress or anxiety as described in present text, or a symptom of said disease or said disorder, or a subject suffering from migraine and possibly associated aura (s) (typically in the prophylactic or therapeutic context / context described above).
- the subject is typically a human user of the ventilation device (A) as described for the first time by the inventors in the present text.
- the inventors have in fact demonstrated beneficial effects on the health of the use of a tool according to the invention as described in the present text by the inventors, in particular beneficial effects on the following physiological parameters of the subject: respiratory rate, respiratory volume (tidal volume), expiratory capnia ( exhaled CO 2 level ), heart rate, cardiac coherence, sympathovagal balance and electrical activity of an organ.
- Example 1 respiratory rate , expiratory CO 2 level , tidal volume and heart rate;
- the inventors were also able to demonstrate beneficial effects on the subjects who used the tools described in terms of better recovery, quality of sleep, improvement of concentration and memorization, reduction of attention and speech disorders. 'hyperactivity, improvement of mood, better resistance to stress, decreased anxiety and perceived stress, better pain tolerance, improvement in inflammatory symptoms.
- the subject suffers from a disease or disorder related to stress or anxiety, or a symptom of said disease or disorder.
- the disease or disorder linked to stress or anxiety can for example be selected from among "bum-out", post-traumatic stress disorder or syndrome ("PTSD"), depression, stroke or crisis. panic, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder or syndrome
- depression depression
- stroke or crisis panic
- ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- the inventors were also able to demonstrate beneficial effects on the subjects who used the tools described in terms of reduction of the symptoms of abnormalities of the sympathovagal balance (demonstrated through the detection of the variability of the heart rate), of symptoms bum-out (detected by reduction in Maslach Bumout Inventory scores), post-traumatic stress (detected by reduction in PCL-5 questionnaire scores). More generally, the inventors were able to demonstrate beneficial effects on the level of perceived stress (evaluated by the PSS scale of Cohen) and the management of stress, the level of resilience or of full consciousness (evaluated). by Wallach's IMF scale (2006)).
- a method of preventing or treating, in a subject, a disease or disorder related to stress or anxiety, a symptom of said disease or said disorder, and / or migraine, is thus also described by the inventors.
- This method of prevention or treatment comprises the use by the subject of a tool as described by the inventors in the present text, typically of a device (A), of a system (X), a system (Y), kit, scuba ventilation equipment, scuba regulator or scuba regulator simulator, preferably a system (Y), to prevent or treat the disease, disorder and / or migraine in the subject, alone or in combination with one or more gases and / or one or more active molecules used in the prevention or treatment of the disease, disorder, symptom of said disease or disorder and / or migraine.
- this method is combined with the implementation by the subject using a device as described in the present text of the “BATHYSMED” (“BTY”) diving protocol.
- a particular protocol for the use of a tool as described by the inventors in the present text typically of a device (A), of a system (X), of a system (Y), of a kit , a diving ventilation equipment, a diving regulator or a diving regulator simulator, preferably a system (Y), comprises the following steps: a sophrology / mental preparation step of the user of the tool (for example lasting about 2/3 minutes), and the projection to the user of a film simulating different stages of a scuba diving.
- the projection step of the protocol described above comprises in order: optionally the launching of the diving user (for example lasting approximately 1 minute), a phase of descent of the diving user to a seabed (for example lasting about 1 minute), a pause phase of the diving user on the sea floor (for example d 'a duration of about 1 to 2 minutes), the realization by the diver user of a series of exercises (for example of a duration of about 5 to 10 minutes) aiming for example to make the user feel user his 5 senses, and / or all or part of his body, through sophrology exercise (s), for example one or more of sophrology exercises 1 to 4 of the “BTY” protocol described in the experimental part, possibly a phase of a quiet stroll for the user (for example lasting about 4 to 5 minutes), possibly a pause phase of the user diver on the seabed (for example lasting about 1 minute), and a phase of rising to the surface of the diving user (for example lasting about 1 minute).
- sophrology exercise for example one or more of sophrology exercises 1 to 4 of the “B
- the active molecule or molecules conventionally used, or the gas or gases can be selected from a gas.
- rare for example argon and / or xenon, and a mixture of one or more rare gases with oxygen and / or helium
- the active molecule or molecules conventionally used can be selected from among a rare gas, for example argon and / or xenon, and a mixture of one or more rare gases with oxygen and / or helium.
- the active molecule or molecules conventionally used can be selected from a rare gas, for example argon and / or xenon, and a mixture of one or more rare gases with oxygen and / or helium.
- the active molecule or molecules conventionally used can be selected from a rare gas, for example argon and / or xenon, and a mixture of one or more rare gases with oxygen and / or helium.
- the classically active molecule (s) used can be selected from a rare gas, for example argon and / or xenon, and a mixture of one or more rare gases with oxygen and / or helium.
- the claimed invention (typically the device (A), the system (X), the system (Y) or the kit) allows access to the virtual world proposed by the game scenario while placing the user subject in a state of. 'sensory isolation vis-à-vis the stimulations coming from its direct environment and, on the contrary, greater sensitivity / receptivity to the stimulations induced by the game.
- Figure 1 Section of the ventilation device (A) and ventilatory flow.
- Figure 1 shows a section of a ventilation device (A) according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the arrows symbolize the movement of the gas mixture (air or other) in the device and in its environment.
- the arrows in double lines represent the path of the gas mixture in the inspiratory phase.
- the gas mixture passes through the inspiratory one-way valve (1) then passes through the ventilation chamber (2) and the mouthpiece (3) to be inhaled (inhaled) by the user.
- the arrows in strong dotted lines represent the path of the gas mixture in the expiratory phase.
- the gas mixture passes through the mouthpiece (3), then passes through the ventilation chamber (2) and passes through the one-way exhalation valve (4) to enter the external environment.
- Figure 2 Cross section of a ventilation device (A) including valves adjustable in inspiratory and expiratory hardness and independent means of disengaging the ventilatory hardness.
- FIG. 2 shows a section of a ventilation device (A) according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the inspiratory brake valve (1) has an inspiratory hardness adjustment / calibration screw (a), an inspiratory hardening spring (b) and an inspiratory one-way valve (c).
- the subject can act on the set screw (a) to adjust the resistance of the hardening spring (b) which constrains the inspiratory valve (c).
- the expiratory brake valve (4) has an expiratory hardness adjustment / calibration screw (d), an expiratory hardening spring (e) and an expiratory one-way valve (f).
- the subject can act on the set screw (d) to adjust the resistance of the hardening spring (e) which constrains the exhalation valve (f).
- the gas mixture present in the ventilatory chamber (2) passes into the mouthpiece or mouthpiece (3) and generates a vacuum in the ventilatory chamber (2) when the vacuum value reaches the inspiratory hardening spring calibration value (b) the inspiratory valve (c) opens and allows the gas mixture to pass through the chamber and the mouthpiece to supply the user.
- the one-way expiratory valve (4) remains closed because it does not work during a vacuum in the chamber (2).
- the gas mixture exhaled by the user passes through the mouthpiece (3) and the chamber (2) the pressure rises therein.
- the exhalation valve (f) opens and allows the gas mixture to pass from the chamber to the environment outside the ventilation device (A).
- the inspiratory one-way valve (1) remains closed in this phase, because it does not work with positive pressure in the chamber (2).
- the inspiratory and expiratory hardness release buttons respectively (g) and (h), allow the user, when they are pressed, to independently release the inspiratory or and expiratory brakes by releasing the constraints compression on the springs.
- the ventilatory pressure sensor (5) and ventilatory sensor, flowmeter (6) modules installed in the chamber (2) make it possible to communicate the user's physiological ventilatory data to the system (z).
- Figure 3 Section of a ventilation device (A) including valves adjustable in inspiratory and expiratory hardness and a bypass diaphragm controllable by the user.
- Figure 3 shows a section through a ventilation device (A) according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the inspiratory brake valve (1) has an inspiratory hardness adjustment screw (a), an inspiratory hardening spring (b), and an inspiratory one-way valve (c).
- the subject can act on the set screw (a) to adjust the resistance of the hardening spring (b) which constrains the inspiratory valve (c).
- the expiratory brake valve (4) has an expiratory hardness adjustment screw (d), an expiratory hardening spring (e) and an expiratory one-way valve (f).
- the subject can act on the set screw (d) to adjust the resistance of the hardening spring (e) which constrains the exhalation valve (f).
- the gas mixture present in the ventilatory chamber (2) passes into the mouthpiece or mouthpiece (3) and generates a vacuum in the ventilatory chamber (2).
- the vacuum value reaches the calibration value of the inspiratory hardening spring (b)
- the inspiratory valve (c) opens and allows the gas mixture to pass through the chamber and the mouthpiece to the user.
- the one-way expiratory valve (4) remains closed, because it does not work during a vacuum in the chamber (2).
- the gas mixture exhaled by the user passes through the mouthpiece (3) and the chamber (2). The pressure is building in it.
- the expiratory valve (f) opens and allows the gas mixture to pass from the chamber to the outside of the ventilation device (A).
- the inspiratory one-way valve (1) remains closed in this phase, because it does not work with positive pressure in the chamber (2).
- the chamber (2) can also include a clutch diaphragm (i) which allows the brake valves (1 and 4) to be deactivated and bypassed.
- This release diaphragm (i) provides security against the solid level of obstruction of the system requiring the total absence of obstruction to inspiration and / or expiration.
- the ventilatory pressure sensor (5) and ventilatory flowmeter (6) sensor modules installed in the chamber (2) allowing the user's physiological ventilatory data to be communicated to the system (Z).
- Figure 4 Schematic representation of an example of a Z (control) system
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an example of a Z (control) system.
- the Z (control) system shown comprises a processor (e) receiving the signals delivered by the sensors of the ventilation device A.
- This processor (e ) controls the audio module D, the module H allowing thermal adjustment of the scalp and the module I making it possible to deliver electrical impulses to the scalp.
- the processor (e) also records the data received from the sensors of the ventilation device A on a recording module (n) and preferably has wireless communication means towards a recording PC (K).
- the Z system is powered by a rechargeable battery (m) when the Z system is connected to an external power supply (J).
- J can be the programming PC allowing the implementation of the software of the Z control system.
- FIG. 5 Schematic representation of an example of Audio D module
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of an example of an Audio module D.
- the audio module D represented comprises a digital input intended to receive orders for playing sound file (s) and orders for adjusting the sound level, from the processor (e) of the Z control system.
- the audio file player (f) executes the commands of the processor (e) of the Z (control) system and builds a primary audio stream by playing the sound files stored on the card memory (g).
- the mixer / amplifier (o) mixes the primary audio stream from the audio file player (f) with a secondary audio stream from the secondary audio source (S).
- the sound levels of each stream in the mixed audio stream are adjustable via the potentiometers (p) and (q).
- the mixed audio stream is sent to the headphones (R).
- Figure 6 Graph showing the change in the test subjects of the respiratory rate (per minute) allowed by the device (A) according to the invention.
- Figure 7 Graph showing the evolution in the test subjects of the capnia (in mm Hg) allowed by the device (A) according to the invention.
- Figure 8 Graph showing the evolution in the tested subjects of the tidal volume (in milliliters) allowed by the device (A) according to the invention.
- Figure 9 (A) Single-flow flap valve associated with an adjustable diaphragm: the single-flow valve, allows you to orient the direction of gas flow. The variation of the diaphragm makes it possible to adjust the respiratory pressure (effort); (B) check valve calibrated at an opening pressure: The check valve allows the direction of gas flow to be oriented. The spring calibration allows you to adjust the respiratory pressure (effort); (C) Butterfly valve: The single-flow valve allows you to orient the direction of gas flow. Varying the angle of the butterfly wheel adjusts the respiratory pressure (effort).
- Figure 10 Graph showing the change in heart rate (heart rate) in a subject who has never had a virtual reality experience when using a system (Y) according to the invention.
- the subject uses the system (Y) according to the invention for approximately 5 minutes: he views a film using a tool (B), breathes into the mouthpiece of the device (A) but has no sound feedback . After a first phase of adaptation, his heart rate stabilizes at a level below its basal heart rate;
- the Bathysmed protocol is based on the combination:
- Non-narcotic scuba diving sessions integrating relaxation therapy, relaxation and meditation exercises. These exercises are explained beforehand and repeated on earth.
- the dives are split into 3 periods.
- the first 4 dives target a return to the present moment, the development of the reappropriation of bodily sensations and the reactivation of concentration.
- the 5 to 8 dives, oriented on the contemplative, must strengthen the psychic aspects and allow the reincorporation of the body-mind couple into consciousness. During this section, the subject is encouraged to visualize and foresee a future from another angle.
- the last 2 dives aim to consolidate the feeling of confidence by enhancing personal capacities and letting go.
- Diving generates certain physiological constraints linked to immersion and increased pressure.
- the main risks are represented by the desaturation accident due to the release of nitrogen in bullary form during decompression, the barotrauma resulting from the variations gas volumes in the air cavities of the body during variations in depth, toxic accidents caused by the increase in the partial pressures of the ventilated gases when the ambient pressure increases and pulmonary immersion edema (OPI) caused by a cardiac overload and pulmonary weakening most often linked to an effort immersed in cold water with increased ventilatory constraints. Drowning can also occur in this context. It is most often secondary to a technical problem, a material problem and / or loss of consciousness.
- the protocol does not include any diving to a depth greater than 20 meters in order to reduce the risks of a desaturation accident and toxic accident.
- the first two dives are carried out in a swimming pool in order to easily assess the subjects' level of ease and stress and to form homogeneous groups. for sea dives.
- the depths reached are very progressive and the pupil / instructor ratio varies from 4 to 1, for very comfortable subjects, to 2 to 1 for the less aquatic, and to 1 to 1 for those with more stress.
- the depth having little impact on the completion of the protocol all the session objectives are achievable from 3 meters deep.
- Each instructor included in the program had a professional diploma, experience in the field of training in underwater activities and specific training in the management and pathophysiology of stress. All of the instructors have followed a sophrology training course upstream.
- EXAMPLE 1 Evaluation of the effects of the ventilation device on the respiratory rate of the subject using the ventilation device (A) according to the invention.
- the use of the device (A) therefore promotes the state of cardiac coherence with a reduction in heart rate and respiratory rate in association with an increase in respiratory volumes (tidal volume), and a decrease in capnia. in test subjects. All these modifications are induced spontaneously in the subjects tested by means of the ventilation device (A) according to the invention, i.e. regardless of any intention or voluntary approach on the part of the subjects tested.
- EXAMPLE 2 Evaluation of the effects of the virtual reality system (Y) according to the invention on the parameters associated with cardiac coherence in a subject using said system.
- the ventilation device (A) according to the invention can be integrated into a virtual reality system (Y) comprising means making it possible to reproduce a sensory experience acting on the senses such as hearing, sight, touch, smell or positioning in space.
- Y virtual reality system
- the objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of the combination of these means on the beneficial physiological effects observed during the use of the ventilation device (A) of the invention leading to the state of cardiac coherence in healthy subjects who volunteer or suffer from PTSD.
- a mask for viewing virtual reality content is placed over the eyes of G user of the virtual reality system (Y) according to the invention.
- the purpose of the virtual reality system is to simulate scuba diving. Each session lasts 15 to 30 minutes, especially 17 to 25 minutes. The conduct of successive sessions allows the user diver to progressively carry out virtual dives in shallow depth (3/4 meters) then in medium depth (10/15 meters).
- a film lasting about 15 minutes is projected to him using a virtual reality system (Y) according to the invention.
- Cardiac and respiratory data are collected at least before and after the conduct of the session to use the virtual reality system, preferably before and then throughout the session.
- the film divided into several phases of 1 to 5 minutes, includes for example the following sequences:
- step (d) the exercises lasting about 2 to 4 minutes aim to make the diving user feel his five senses and / or all or part of his body by means of an image. of its own moving fins and / or 3D displacement and rotation images.
- step (e) takes place for example in reefs of 5/6 m with view (s) towards the surface, in reefs of 7/8 m and / or at the edge of a drop off or a slope.
- the first two sessions are performed without (virtual) launching, unlike the following sessions where the virtual launch is carried out from a boat for example by a straight jump for a period of one minute approximately prior to step (a).
- apnea exercises for example a sequence of steps including a ventilation step with complete respiratory cycles then an apnea step during 20 seconds then a recovery step by ventilation with complete respiratory cycle (s) lasting 40 to 60 seconds
- apnea exercises for example a sequence of steps including a ventilation step with complete respiratory cycles then an apnea step during 20 seconds then a recovery step by ventilation with complete respiratory cycle (s) lasting 40 to 60 seconds
- positive visualization exercises by alternating opening / closing of the eyes of G user / diver.
- a state of cardiac coherence is reached more quickly in users of the virtual reality system (Y) of the invention and / or the beneficial effects linked to this state last for at least 1 month, preferably at least 3 months, even more preferably at least 6 months after the conduct of the sessions.
- EXAMPLE 3 Evaluation of the effects of a virtual reality system (Y) according to the invention on the heart rate (heart rate) in a subject using said system.
- the heart rate of a subject who has never had a virtual reality experience was measured before and during the use of a virtual reality (Y) system according to the invention (see Figure 10).
- the subject uses the system (Y) according to the invention for approximately 5 minutes: he views a film using a tool (B), breathes into the mouthpiece of the device (A) but has no sound feedback . After an initial phase of adaptation, his heart rate stabilizes at a level lower than his basal heart rate;
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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EP21739362.8A EP4175725A1 (fr) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Dispositif de ventilation, systeme incluant le dispositif de ventilation, et utilisations de ceux-ci |
JP2023523676A JP2023533088A (ja) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | 換気デバイス、換気デバイスを含むシステム、およびその使用 |
KR1020237003627A KR20230035064A (ko) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | 환기 디바이스, 상기 디바이스를 포함하는 시스템 및 그 용도 |
CN202180055317.3A CN116113476A (zh) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | 通气装置、包括该通气装置的系统以及该通气装置的使用 |
US18/013,948 US20230285800A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Ventilation device, system including the ventilation device, and uses thereof |
CA3184016A CA3184016A1 (fr) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Dispositif de ventilation, systeme incluant le dispositif de ventilation, et utilisations de ceux-ci |
IL299466A IL299466A (en) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Ventilation device, system including the ventilation device, and uses thereof |
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EP20305746 | 2020-07-02 | ||
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EP (1) | EP4175725A1 (fr) |
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KR (1) | KR20230035064A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN116113476A (fr) |
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CA3187072A1 (fr) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | Sandeep Bhatt | Dispositif et systeme de therapie vocale |
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KR20230035064A (ko) | 2023-03-10 |
IL299466A (en) | 2023-02-01 |
JP2023533088A (ja) | 2023-08-01 |
US20230285800A1 (en) | 2023-09-14 |
EP4175725A1 (fr) | 2023-05-10 |
CA3184016A1 (fr) | 2022-01-06 |
CN116113476A (zh) | 2023-05-12 |
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