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WO2021184455A1 - 一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构 - Google Patents

一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021184455A1
WO2021184455A1 PCT/CN2020/083763 CN2020083763W WO2021184455A1 WO 2021184455 A1 WO2021184455 A1 WO 2021184455A1 CN 2020083763 W CN2020083763 W CN 2020083763W WO 2021184455 A1 WO2021184455 A1 WO 2021184455A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
parking
pawl
cable
assembly
unlocking mechanism
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/083763
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯得锋
李建文
孙冉
木国栋
Original Assignee
精进电动科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 精进电动科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 精进电动科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20925825.0A priority Critical patent/EP4086485B1/en
Priority to US17/798,007 priority patent/US11761535B2/en
Priority to JP2022556127A priority patent/JP7269452B2/ja
Publication of WO2021184455A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021184455A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • F16H63/3425—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission characterised by pawls or wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • F16H63/3491—Emergency release or engagement of parking locks or brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/36—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement being transmitted by a cable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • F16H63/3425—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission characterised by pawls or wheels
    • F16H63/3433—Details of latch mechanisms, e.g. for keeping pawls out of engagement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of parking control, in particular to a mechanical unlocking mechanism for electronic parking.
  • the gearbox electronic parking mechanism is a mechanism that prevents the vehicle from sliding or rolling backwards when the car is parked on the road or on a slope.
  • most new energy transmission electronic parking mechanisms have insufficient structural flexibility and limited product life cycles; and the mechanical unlocking mechanism is arranged at the worm of the parking motor. After the parking motor loses power, this unlocking method requires the driver to Only by operating under the vehicle can the mechanical unlocking be implemented, which has low safety and poor comfort.
  • the present invention proposes a mechanical unlocking mechanism for electronic parking to solve or partially solve the above-mentioned problems.
  • the present invention provides a mechanical unlocking mechanism for electronic parking.
  • the mechanical unlocking mechanism includes a parking cam assembly, a pawl assembly, a parking gear, a cable assembly and an executive assembly;
  • the parking cam assembly includes a parking guide shaft and a parking cam, the parking cam is sleeved on the parking guide shaft, and an arc-shaped protrusion is provided on the outer circumference of the parking cam;
  • the pawl assembly includes a pawl and a pawl rotating shaft.
  • One end of the pawl abuts against a side of the parking cam provided with the arc-shaped protrusion, and the other end of the pawl is provided with A projection that can be inserted into the parking gear, the pawl rotating shaft is arranged at the other end of the pawl, and the pawl can swing around the pawl rotating shaft, following the rotation and translation of the parking cam ,
  • the pawls are respectively in a first position where the parking gear is parked in a fixed position or a second position where the parking gear is parked in a rotatable position;
  • One end of the cable assembly is connected with the actuator assembly, and the other end is connected with the parking guide shaft, and the cable assembly can drive the parking guide shaft to translate in an axial direction;
  • the actuating component drives the parking guide shaft to translate through the cable component, thereby driving the pawl to move from the first position to the second position.
  • the cable assembly includes a cable and a guide shaft screw.
  • the two ends of the cable are provided with a cable rod, and the cable rod is connected to the end of the cable, and is sleeved on the cable
  • the guide shaft screw is connected with the end hole of the parking guide shaft or the execution component.
  • the ball head of the cable club is in clearance fit with the end hole, and a certain axial space is left.
  • the cable assembly further includes a cable roller, which is installed on a cylindrical table inside the gearbox box and used to change the guiding direction of the cable.
  • the executive component is a tie rod or a rocker arm structure, and the tie rod or the rocker arm structure is connected to a vehicle cable or a vehicle tie rod outside the gearbox;
  • the pull rod is installed on the positioning hole of the gearbox case leading to the outside.
  • the rocker arm structure includes a rocker arm, a thrust washer, a cable guide wheel, and a rocker arm rotating shaft cover; one end of the cable guide wheel is in clearance fit with a hole on the gearbox case for fixing the rocker Arm structure; the lower part of the cable guide wheel is provided with a radial protrusion, the radial protrusion is connected with the cable assembly; the rocker arm is fixed to the cable guide by the thrust washer At the other end of the wheel, the rocker arm rotating shaft cover is sleeved on the cable guide wheel between the radial protrusion and the rocker arm, and is fixed on the transmission case.
  • the rocker arm structure further includes a sealing ring disposed between the cable guide wheel and the rocker arm shaft cover.
  • the mechanical unlocking mechanism further includes an elastic component, which includes a thrust bearing, a return spring, and a thrust bearing washer that are sequentially sleeved on the end of the parking guide shaft; the thrust bearing ball end and the The parking cam limit plate abuts, one end of the return spring abuts against the flat end of the thrust bearing, and the other end is fixedly connected to the thrust bearing washer, and the thrust bearing washer abuts against the transmission case, so The return spring is provided with a pre-tightening force.
  • an elastic component which includes a thrust bearing, a return spring, and a thrust bearing washer that are sequentially sleeved on the end of the parking guide shaft; the thrust bearing ball end and the The parking cam limit plate abuts, one end of the return spring abuts against the flat end of the thrust bearing, and the other end is fixedly connected to the thrust bearing washer, and the thrust bearing washer abuts against the transmission case, so The return spring is provided with a pre-tightening force.
  • the pawl rotation shaft is fixed on both sides of the gearbox, the pawl can rotate around the pawl rotation shaft, the pawl assembly further includes a torsion spring, one end of the torsion spring is fixed on On the gearbox case, the other end of the torsion spring is fixed on the pawl, so that the pawl is pre-pressed with the parking cam, and the unlocking mechanism further includes an anti-torsion spring failure component.
  • the anti-torsion spring failure assembly includes a guide pin and a guide groove, the guide pin is arranged at the end of the guide part at the end of the pawl, and the guide groove is arranged at the parking cam and/or On the parking cam limit plate, the guide pin extends into the guide groove.
  • the mechanical unlocking mechanism of the present invention can provide an emergency mechanical unlocking function when the parking motor is powered off.
  • the parking guide shaft is connected to the actuator set on the gearbox through the cable assembly, so that the driver can drive
  • the room can be mechanically unlocked; because the mechanical unlocking mechanism can realize the unlocking of the cab under pure mechanical and no power supply, it does not require the driver to get out of the car, and has high safety performance and good operating comfort; the mechanical unlocking mechanism of the present invention is provided with a protective device
  • the torsion spring failure component can still achieve parking and unlocking when the torsion spring fails, and can effectively prevent the pawl from falling into the parking gear slot in the non-parking state.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a mechanical unlocking mechanism for electronic parking in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a cable assembly in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a mechanical unlocking mechanism for electronic parking in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic structural view of a rocker arm assembly in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows a structural schematic diagram of the parking cam and pawl in a parked state in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows a structural schematic diagram of the parking cam and pawl after mechanically unlocking in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a torsion spring failure prevention component in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a mechanical unlocking mechanism for electronic parking.
  • the mechanical unlocking mechanism includes a parking cam assembly, a pawl assembly, a parking gear 17, a cable assembly 5 and an executive assembly.
  • the parking cam assembly includes a parking guide shaft 11, a parking cam limit plate 9, an axial limit block 10, and a parking cam 13.
  • the parking cam limit plate 9 is fixed on the parking guide shaft 11,
  • the axial limit block 10 is interference sleeved on the parking guide shaft 11, and the parking cam 13 is sleeved on the parking guide shaft 11 between the axial limit block 10 and the parking cam limit plate 9.
  • the car cam limit plate 9 can drive the parking cam 13 to rotate.
  • the axial limit block 10 limits the position of the parking cam 13, and the parking cam 13 can flexibly rotate on the parking guide shaft 11 between the axial limit block 10 and the parking cam limit plate 9.
  • the parking cam 13 is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion in the circumferential direction; when the parking guide shaft 11 rotates, the parking cam limit plate 9 fixed on it rotates, and the parking cam limit plate 9 can drive the parking cam 13 rotation.
  • the convex portion of the parking cam 13 is provided with a circumferential profile extending along the axial direction of the parking guide shaft 11, and the arc-shaped protrusion is provided on the outer side of the circumferential profile, when the circumferential profile is in contact with the pawl assembly , The pawl assembly is in an upward state, and the pawl 16 is in the second position for parking the parking gear 17 to rotate.
  • the pawl assembly When the arc-shaped protrusion on the circumferential profile is in contact with the pawl assembly, the pawl assembly is in a depressed state, The pawl 16 is in the first position where the parking gear 17 is parked and fixed, and the circumferential contour functions to limit the position of the parking pawl assembly, so that the parking pawl assembly can move within a certain range.
  • one end of the parking guide shaft 11 is a flat shaft, and the other end is a round shaft.
  • the flat shaft end of the parking guide shaft 11 penetrates the transmission case, and the round shaft end of the parking guide shaft 11 is fixed to the transmission case.
  • the flat shaft end of the parking guide shaft 11 is connected with a parking motor, the parking motor drives the parking guide shaft to rotate, and the parking guide shaft 11 can move axially.
  • the parking cam limiting plate 9 includes at least a first blade part and a second blade part arranged at intervals, the first blade part and the second blade part are respectively arranged on both sides of the convex part of the parking cam 13 ,
  • the first leaf portion is provided with a first spring column on the side facing the convex portion, the convex portion is provided with a corresponding second spring column, and the first spring column and the second spring column are sleeved with a paddle spring 12;
  • a curved claw is formed in the second blade portion, and the curved claw abuts on the other side of the boss.
  • the pawl assembly includes a pawl 16 and a pawl shaft 1.
  • One end of the pawl 16 abuts on the side of the parking cam 13 provided with an arc-shaped protrusion, and the other end of the pawl 16 is provided with an insert that can be inserted into the parking In the convex part of the gear 17, the pawl shaft 1 is arranged at the other end of the pawl 16.
  • the pawl 16 can swing around the pawl shaft 1.
  • the gear 17 is parked in a fixed first position or the parking gear 17 is parked in a rotatable second position. With the rotation of the parking cam 13 and the rotation of the pawl 16 along the pawl shaft 1, the parking gear 17 is in a fixed or rotatable state, respectively, so as to realize parking or driving.
  • One end of the cable assembly 5 is connected with the actuator, and the other end is connected with the parking guide shaft 11.
  • the cable assembly 5 can drive the parking guide shaft 11 to translate in the axial direction, and the cable assembly 5 is arranged in the gearbox box.
  • the actuator assembly drives the parking guide shaft 11 to translate through the cable assembly 5, thereby driving the pawl 16 to move from the first position to the second position.
  • the arc-shaped protrusion on the parking cam 13 is in contact with the pawl assembly, and the parking cam 13 and the pawl 16 are in the parked state.
  • the positional relationship is shown in Figure 5.
  • the pawl 16 is in the first position where the parking gear 17 is parked and fixed.
  • the actuator When the parking motor cannot be rotated to unlock the electric parking, the actuator can be operated manually and mechanically, and then the actuator can be pulled
  • the cable assembly 5 realizes the axial movement of the parking guide shaft 11, the arc-shaped protrusion no longer presses the pawl assembly, and the pawl 16 changes from being in the first position where the parking gear 17 is parked in a fixed position to park the parking gear 17
  • the second rotatable position is released to realize the parking and unlocking of the car.
  • the positional relationship between the parking cam 13 and the pawl 16 after the mechanical unlocking is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the mechanical unlocking mechanism of this embodiment does not need to be mechanically unlocked at the bottom of the vehicle, and the mechanical unlocking mechanism is simple in operation, high in safety, and good in comfort.
  • the cable assembly 5 includes a cable 5-3 and a guide shaft screw 5-2. Both ends of the cable 5-3 are provided with a cable club 5-1, and a cable club 5 -1 is connected to the end of the pull wire 5-3 by riveting, and is connected to the parking guide shaft 11 or the end hole of the actuator through the guide shaft screw 5-2 sleeved on the pull wire 5-3.
  • a cable club 5 -1 is connected to the end of the pull wire 5-3 by riveting, and is connected to the parking guide shaft 11 or the end hole of the actuator through the guide shaft screw 5-2 sleeved on the pull wire 5-3.
  • the connection between the pull wire 5-3 and the parking guide shaft 11 or the actuator structure can also be realized in other ways, and is not limited to the above-mentioned way.
  • the cable head club head 5-1 is in clearance fit with the end hole, leaving a certain amount of axial space.
  • the cable ball head 5-1 is in clearance fit with the end hole of the parking guide shaft 11.
  • the purpose of the reserved axial space is to keep the cable 5-3 slack before mechanical unlocking and prevent the cable 5-3 from being long. Time is in a tight state and deforms, extending the service life of the cable 5-3.
  • the cable assembly 5 further includes a cable roller 4, which is installed on a cylindrical table in the gearbox box for changing the guiding direction of the cable 5-3.
  • the setting of the cable roller 4 can be changed arbitrarily
  • the guiding direction of the pulling wire 5-3 is convenient for setting the position of the component, and the setting of the pulling wire roller 4 can be one or more.
  • the executive component is a tie rod 3 or a rocker arm structure 18, and the tie rod 3 or the rocker arm structure 18 is connected to a cable 5-3 outside the gearbox body.
  • the executive component is connected to the control member in the cab through the entire vehicle cable or the entire vehicle pull rod, and the driver can complete the mechanical unlocking action in the cab.
  • the tie rod 3 is installed on the positioning hole leading to the outside of the gearbox case.
  • the tie rod 3 passes through the gearbox case.
  • the rocker arm structure 18 includes a rocker arm 18-5, a thrust washer 18-4, a cable guide wheel 18-1, and a rocker arm shaft cover 18-3; a cable guide wheel One end of 18-1 is in clearance fit with the hole on the gearbox case to fix the rocker arm structure 18; the lower part of the cable guide wheel 18-1 is provided with a radial protrusion, which is connected to the cable assembly 5.
  • the rocker arm 18-5 is fixed to the other end of the cable guide wheel 18-1 through a thrust washer 18-4, the thrust washer 18-4 is used to locate the rocker arm 18-5,
  • the arm rotating shaft cover 18-3 is sleeved on the cable guide wheel 18-1 between the radial protrusion and the rocker arm 18-5, and is fixed on the transmission case.
  • the rocker arm 18-5 can be connected to the control part in the cab through the whole vehicle cable, and the driver can unlock the control part in the cab by manipulating the control part.
  • the structure of the rocker arm 18 further includes a sealing ring 18-2.
  • the sealing ring 18-2 is arranged between the cable guide wheel 18-1 and the rocker arm shaft cover 18-3.
  • the arm rotation shaft cover 18-3 functions as a seal.
  • the mechanical unlocking mechanism further includes an elastic component, which includes a thrust bearing 8, a return spring 7, and a thrust bearing washer 6, which are sequentially sleeved on the end of the parking guide shaft 11; the thrust bearing 8
  • the ball end is in contact with the parking cam limit plate 9, one end of the return spring 7 is in contact with the flat end of the thrust bearing 8, and the other end is fixedly connected to the thrust bearing washer 6, and the thrust bearing washer 6 is in contact with the transmission case.
  • the return spring 7 is provided with a pre-tightening force, and an oil seal is provided at the place where the round shaft end of the parking guide shaft 11 contacts the transmission box body to play a role of isolation.
  • the elastic component is close to the gearbox case due to the preload of the return spring 7.
  • the pawl shaft 1 is fixed on both sides of the gearbox.
  • the pawls 16 can rotate around the pawl shaft 1.
  • the pawl assembly further includes a torsion spring 2. One end of the torsion spring 2 is fixed on the gearbox. On the box, the other end of the torsion spring 2 is fixed on the pawl 16, so that the pawl 16 and the parking cam 13 are pre-compressed, and the pawl 16 is always abutted against the parking cam 13 under the action of the torsion spring 2.
  • the connection reliability between the pawl 16 and the parking cam 13 reduces the friction and wear of the joint between the upper part of the pawl 16 and the parking cam 13 and improves its service life.
  • the upper part of the pawl 16 is provided with a groove, and the roller 14 passes through The roller pin 15 is fixed in the groove, the roller 14 is in contact with the parking cam 13, and the lower part of the pawl 16 is provided with a convex block which can mesh with the parking gear 17.
  • the pawl 16 When the parking mechanism is in the parking state, the pawl 16 is pressed down by the parking cam 13, so that the lower bump of the pawl 16 meshes with the parking gear 17 to achieve parking; one side of the pawl 16 is sleeved on the pawl 16 On the pawl shaft 1, the pawl shaft 1 is fixed on both sides of the gearbox, the pawl 16 can rotate around the pawl shaft 1; one end of the torsion spring 2 is fixed on the gearbox case, and the other end is fixed on the pawl On 16, the torsion spring 2 has a certain pre-tightening force when it is installed, and the pre-tightening force makes the pawl 16 always lift up, so that the pawl 16 and the parking cam 13 are pre-pressed.
  • the roller 14 can roll in the radial direction of the roller pin 15 to reduce the friction between the parking cam 13 and the pawl 16, and the roller 14 is in contact with the circumferential contour or arc-shaped protrusion on the parking cam 13.
  • the unlocking mechanism also includes an anti-torsion spring failure component.
  • the anti-torsion spring failure assembly includes a guide pin 19 and a guide groove.
  • the guide pin 19 is arranged at the end of the guide portion at the end of the pawl 16, and the guide groove is arranged on the parking cam 13 And/or on the parking cam limit plate 9, the guide pin 19 extends into the guide groove, and the guide groove provides a guiding function for lifting the pawl 16 during emergency unlocking.
  • the torsion spring 2 fails, because the pawl assembly loses the pre-tensioning force of the torsion spring 2, when the parking is unlocked, the protrusion provided on the lower part of the pawl 16 and the parking gear 17 cannot be separated from the meshing state, and thus cannot be separated. Realize parking unlocking.
  • the pawl 16 can be movably connected to the parking cam 13. Even if the torsion spring 2 fails, the pawl is driven by the guide pin 19 due to the rotation of the parking cam 13 16 is lifted up to separate the bump at the lower part of the pawl 16 from the parking gear 17, thereby realizing parking unlocking. In the non-parking state, the guide pin 19 is attached to the bottom of the guide groove of the parking cam 13 to prevent the pawl 16 from falling into the tooth groove of the parking gear 17.
  • the torsion spring failure prevention component in this embodiment overcomes the problem that the torsion spring 2 cannot be unlocked normally due to the failure of the torsion spring 2 or the like.
  • the present invention provides a mechanical unlocking mechanism for electronic parking.
  • the mechanical unlocking mechanism includes a parking cam assembly, a pawl assembly, a parking gear, a cable assembly and an executive assembly;
  • the parking cam assembly includes a parking guide shaft, Parking cam limit plate, axial limit block and parking cam, the parking cam limit plate is fixed on the parking guide shaft, the axial limit block is interference sleeved on the parking guide shaft, the parking cam It is sleeved on the parking guide shaft between the axial limit block and the parking cam limit plate, and the parking cam is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion in the circumferential direction;
  • the pawl assembly includes a pawl, a pawl shaft, and a pawl One end of the end abuts against the side of the parking cam provided with an arc-shaped protrusion, the other side of the pawl end is provided with teeth that can be inserted into the parking gear, the pawl shaft is provided at the other end of the pawl, and the
  • the pawls are in the first position to park the parking gear in a fixed position or the second position to park the parking gear in a rotatable position; one end of the cable assembly Connected with the actuator, the other end is connected with the parking guide shaft, the cable assembly can drive the parking guide shaft to translate in the axial direction; the actuator drives the parking guide shaft to translate through the cable assembly, thereby driving the pawl to move from the first position The second position.
  • the mechanical unlocking mechanism provided by the present invention provides an emergency mechanical unlocking function when the parking motor is powered off.
  • the parking guide shaft is connected to the executive component provided on the gearbox through the cable assembly, so that the driver can realize the mechanical mechanism in the cab. Unlocking; the mechanical unlocking mechanism can realize manual unlocking in the cab under pure mechanical and no power supply, without the driver getting off the car for operation; high safety performance and good operating comfort.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构，包括驻车凸轮组件、棘爪组件、驻车齿轮、拉索组件和执行组件；驻车凸轮组件包括驻车导轴和驻车凸轮，驻车凸轮套设在驻车导轴上，驻车凸轮外侧周向上设置有弧形凸起，使得棘爪组件随着驻车凸轮的旋转分别处于与驻车齿轮驻入的第一位置和驻出的第二位置，拉索组件一端与执行组件连接，另一端与驻车导轴连接，执行组件通过拉索组件驱动驻车导轴平移，带动棘爪组件从第一位置移动第二位置。本发明提供的机械解锁机构提供了驻车电机断电情况下的紧急机械解锁功能，可以实现驾驶员在驾驶室内实现手动机械解锁，不需要驾驶员下车操作；安全性能高和操作舒适性好。

Description

一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构 技术领域
本发明涉及驻车控制领域，具体涉及一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构。
发明背景
变速箱电子驻车机构是使汽车在路面上或坡道上停驻时，防止车辆滑行或向后溜车的机构。当前大多数新能源变速箱电子驻车机构的结构柔性不足，产品生命周期有限；且机械解锁机构布置在驻车电机的蜗杆处，在驻车电机失去电源后，这种解锁方式需要驾驶员在车底操作，才可以实施机械解锁，安全性低，舒适度差。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明提出了一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构，以便解决或者部分解决上述问题。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明提供一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构，所述机械解锁机构包括驻车凸轮组件、棘爪组件、驻车齿轮、拉索组件和执行组件；
所述驻车凸轮组件包括驻车导轴和驻车凸轮，所述驻车凸轮套设在所述驻车导轴上，所述驻车凸轮外侧周向上设置有弧形凸起；
所述棘爪组件包括棘爪、棘爪转轴，所述棘爪末端一侧与所述驻车凸轮设置有所述弧形凸起的一侧抵接，所述棘爪末端另一侧设置有可插入到驻车齿轮中的凸块，所述棘爪转轴设置在所述棘爪的另一端，所述棘爪可绕所述棘爪转轴摆动，随着所述驻车凸轮的旋转和平移，所述棘爪分别处于使所述驻车齿轮驻入固定的第一位置或使所述驻车齿轮驻出可旋转的第二位置；
所述拉索组件一端与执行组件连接，另一端与所述驻车导轴连接，所述拉索组件可带动所述驻车导轴沿轴向平移；
所述执行组件通过所述拉索组件驱动所述驻车导轴平移，从而带动所述棘爪从所述第一位置移动所述第二位置。
进一步地，所述拉索组件包括拉线、导轴螺钉，所述拉线的两端设置拉线球头杆，所述拉线球头杆与拉线的端部连接，并通过套设在所述拉线上的所述导轴螺钉与所述驻车导轴或所述执行组件的端孔连接。
进一步地，所述拉线球头杆球头与所述端孔间隙配合，且留有一定的轴向空间。
进一步地，所述拉索组件还包括拉线滚轮，所述拉线滚轮安装在变速箱箱体内部的圆柱台上，用于改变所述拉线的导引方向。
进一步地，所述执行组件为拉杆或摇臂结构，所述拉杆或所述摇臂结构与变速箱外的整车拉线或整车拉杆相连；
所述拉杆安装在变速箱箱体通向外部的定位孔上。
进一步地，所述摇臂结构包括摇臂、止推垫圈、拉索导轮、摇臂转轴盖；所述拉索导轮一端与变速箱箱体上的孔间隙配合，用于固定所述摇臂结构；所述拉索导轮下部设有径向凸起部，所述径向凸起部与所述拉索组件连接；所述摇臂通过所述止推垫圈固定在所述拉索导轮的另一端，所述摇臂转轴盖套设在所述径向凸起部和所述摇臂之间的所述拉索导轮上，且固定在变速器箱体上。
进一步地，所述摇臂结构还包括密封圈，所述密封圈设置在所述拉索导轮和所述摇臂转轴盖之间。
进一步地，所述机械解锁机构还包括弹性组件，所述弹性组件包括依次套设在所述驻车导轴末端的推力轴承、回位弹簧和推力轴承垫圈；所述推力轴承滚珠端与所述驻车凸轮限位板抵接，所述回位弹簧一端与所述推力轴承平面端抵接，另一端与所述推力轴承垫圈固定连接，所述推力轴承垫圈与变速箱箱体抵接，所述回位弹簧设有预紧力。
进一步地，所述棘爪转轴固定在变速箱的两侧箱体上，所述棘爪可绕所述棘爪转轴转动，所述棘爪组件还包括扭簧，所述扭簧的一端固定在变速箱箱体上，所述扭簧另一端固定在所述棘爪上，使得所述棘爪与所述驻车凸轮预压紧，且所述解锁机构还包括防扭簧失效组件。
进一步地，所述防扭簧失效组件包括导向销和导向槽，所述导向销设置在所述棘爪的末端的导向部的端部，所述导向槽设置在所述驻车凸轮和/或驻车凸轮限位板上，所述导向销伸入所述导向槽内。
采用上述电子驻车的机械解锁机构具有以下优点：
本发明中的机械解锁机构可提供驻车电机断电情况下的紧急机械解锁功能，由驻车导轴通过拉索组件与设置在变速箱上的执行组件连接的设置，实现了驾驶员在驾驶室内就可以机械解锁；由于机械解锁机构可以实现纯机械、无电源动力下的驾驶室内解锁，不需要驾驶员下车操作，安全性能高和操作舒适性好；本发明的机械 解锁机构通过设置防扭簧失效组件，在扭簧故障时，依然可以实现驻车解锁，并且在非驻车状态下可以有效防止棘爪掉入驻车齿轮槽内。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。
附图简要说明
图1示出了本发明一个实施例中电子驻车的机械解锁机构的结构示意图；
图2示出了本发明一个实施例中拉索组件的结构示意图；
图3示出了本发明一个实施例中电子驻车的机械解锁机构的结构示意图；
图4示出了本发明一个实施例中摇臂组件的结构示意图；
图5示出了本发明一个实施例中驻车凸轮与棘爪在驻入状态时的结构示意图；
图6示出了本发明一个实施例中驻车凸轮与棘爪在机械解锁后的结构示意图；
图7示出了本发明一个实施例中防扭簧失效组件的结构示意图。
图中附图标记含义如下：1、棘爪转轴，2、扭簧，3、拉杆，4、拉线滚轮，5、拉索组件，6、推力轴承垫圈，7、回位弹簧，8、推力轴承，9、驻车凸轮限位板，10、轴向限位块，11、驻车导轴，12、拨片弹簧，13、驻车凸轮，14、滚子，15、滚子销，16、棘爪，17、驻车齿轮，18、摇臂结构，19、导向销，5-1、拉线球头杆，5-2、导轴螺钉，5-3、拉线，18-1、拉索导轮，18-2、密封圈，18-3、摇臂转轴盖，18-4、止推垫圈，18-5摇臂。
实施本发明的方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本发明的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本发明，并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构，机械解锁机构包括驻车凸轮组件、棘爪组件、驻车齿轮17、拉索组件5和执行组件。
具体地，驻车凸轮组件包括驻车导轴11、驻车凸轮限位板9、轴向限位块10和驻车凸轮13，驻车凸轮限位板9固定在驻车导轴11上，轴向限位块10过盈套 设在驻车导轴11上，驻车凸轮13套设在轴向限位块10和驻车凸轮限位板9之间的驻车导轴11上，驻车凸轮限位板9可带动驻车凸轮13转动。轴向限位块10对驻车凸轮13的位置进行限定，驻车凸轮13在轴向限位块10和驻车凸轮限位板9之间的驻车导轴11上可以灵活转动。
驻车凸轮13外侧周向上设置有弧形凸起；在驻车导轴11转动时，固定在其上的驻车凸轮限位板9跟着旋转，驻车凸轮限位板9可带动驻车凸轮13转动。驻车凸轮13的凸起部上设置有沿驻车导轴11的轴向延伸的周向轮廓，弧形凸起设置在周向轮廓的外边侧上，当周向轮廓与棘爪组件接触时，棘爪组件处于上扬状态，棘爪16处于使驻车齿轮17驻出旋转的第二位置，当周向轮廓上的弧形凸起与棘爪组件接触时，棘爪组件处于下压状态，棘爪16处于使驻车齿轮17驻入固定的第一位置，周向轮廓起到对驻车棘爪组件位置限定的作用，使驻车棘爪组件在一定范围内活动。本实施例中的驻车导轴11一端为扁轴，另一端为圆轴，驻车导轴11的扁轴端贯穿变速箱箱体，驻车导轴11的圆轴端固定在变速箱箱体内，驻车导轴11的扁轴端与驻车电机连接，驻车电机带动驻车导轴转动，驻车导轴11可轴向移动。
如图1所示，驻车凸轮限位板9至少包括间隔设置的第一叶片部和第二叶片部，第一叶片部和第二叶片部分别设置在驻车凸轮13凸起部的两侧，第一叶片部朝向凸起部的一侧设有第一弹簧柱，凸起部上设置有对应的第二弹簧柱，第一弹簧柱和第二弹簧柱上套设有拨片弹簧12；第二叶片部形成有曲爪，曲爪与凸起部的另一侧抵接。
棘爪组件包括棘爪16、棘爪转轴1，棘爪16末端一侧与驻车凸轮13设置有弧形凸起的一侧抵接，棘爪16末端另一侧设置有可插入到驻车齿轮17中的凸块，棘爪转轴1设置在棘爪16的另一端，棘爪16可绕棘爪转轴1摆动，随着驻车凸轮13的旋转和平移，棘爪16分别处于使驻车齿轮17驻入固定的第一位置或使驻车齿轮17驻出可旋转的第二位置。驻车齿轮17随着驻车凸轮13的旋转以及棘爪16沿棘爪转轴1的旋转，分别处于固定或者可旋转的两种状态，从而实现驻车或行车。
拉索组件5一端与执行组件连接，另一端与驻车导轴11连接，拉索组件5可带动驻车导轴11沿轴向平移，拉索组件5设置在变速箱箱体内。
执行组件通过拉索组件5驱动驻车导轴11平移，从而带动棘爪16从第一位置移动第二位置。
综上，本发明的实施例中，当汽车处于驻车状态时，此时驻车凸轮13上的弧 形凸起与棘爪组件接触，驻车凸轮13与棘爪16在驻入状态下的位置关系见图5，棘爪16处于使驻车齿轮17驻入固定的第一位置，在驻车电机无法进行转动进行电动驻车解锁时，可通过手动机械操作执行组件，执行组件再通过拉索组件5实现驻车导轴11轴向移动，弧形凸起不再下压棘爪组件，棘爪16由处于使驻车齿轮17驻入固定的第一位置变为使驻车齿轮17驻出可旋转的第二位置，进而实现汽车的驻车解锁，驻车凸轮13与棘爪16在机械解锁后的位置关系见图6。本实施例的机械解锁机构无需在车底进行机械解锁，并且本机械解锁机构操作简单，安全度高，舒适性好。
在一个实施例中，如图2所示，拉索组件5包括拉线5-3、导轴螺钉5-2，拉线5-3的两端设置拉线球头杆5-1，拉线球头杆5-1与拉线5-3的端部连接，连接方式为铆接，并通过套设在拉线5-3上的导轴螺钉5-2与驻车导轴11或执行组件的端孔连接。当然，也可以通过其他方式实现拉线5-3与驻车导轴11或执行结构连接，不仅仅局限于上述方式。
在一个实施例中，拉线球头杆球头5-1与端孔间隙配合，且留有一定的轴向空间。拉线球头杆球头5-1与驻车导轴11的端孔间隙配合，预留的轴向空间目的是使拉线5-3在未使用机械解锁前保持松弛状态，防止拉线5-3长时间处于紧绷状态而发生形变，延长拉线5-3的使用寿命。
在一个实施例中，拉索组件5还包括拉线滚轮4，拉线滚轮4安装在变速箱箱体内的圆柱台上，用于改变拉线5-3的导引方向，拉线滚轮4的设置可以任意改变拉线5-3的导引方向，便于执行组件位置的设置，拉线滚轮4的设置可为一个或多个。
在一个实施例中，如图1或图3所示，执行组件为拉杆3或摇臂结构18，拉杆3或摇臂结构18与变速箱体外部的拉线5-3相连。并且，执行组件通过整车拉线或整车拉杆连接到驾驶室内的控制件上，驾驶员在驾驶室内就能完成机械解锁动作。
拉杆3安装在变速箱箱体通向外部的定位孔上，拉杆3穿过变速箱箱体，一端在变速箱箱体内，与拉索组件5连接，另一端在变速箱箱体外，与整车拉线或整车拉杆连接。
在一个实施例中，如图4所示，摇臂结构18包括摇臂18-5、止推垫圈18-4、拉索导轮18-1、摇臂转轴盖18-3；拉索导轮18-1一端与变速箱箱体上的孔间隙配 合，用于固定摇臂结构18；拉索导轮18-1下部设有径向凸起部，径向凸起部与拉索组件5连接，具体与拉线5-3相连；摇臂18-5通过止推垫圈18-4固定在拉索导轮18-1的另一端，止推垫圈18-4用于定位摇臂18-5，摇臂转轴盖18-3套设在径向凸起部和摇臂18-5之间的拉索导轮18-1上，且固定在变速器箱体上。摇臂18-5可以通过整车拉线连接到驾驶室内的控制件上，驾驶员在驾驶室内通过操控控制件实现解锁。
在一个实施例中，摇臂18结构还包括密封圈18-2，密封圈18-2设置在拉索导轮18-1和摇臂转轴盖18-3之间，密封圈18-2对摇臂转轴盖18-3起到密封的作用。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，机械解锁机构还包括弹性组件，弹性组件包括依次套设在驻车导轴11末端的推力轴承8、回位弹簧7和推力轴承垫圈6；推力轴承8滚珠端与驻车凸轮限位板9抵接，回位弹簧7一端与推力轴承8平面端抵接，另一端与推力轴承垫圈6固定连接，推力轴承垫圈6与变速箱箱体抵接，回位弹簧7设有预紧力，在驻车导轴11圆轴端与变速箱箱体接触的地方设有油封，起到隔离的作用。弹性组件由于回位弹簧7预紧力的作用，紧挨着变速箱箱体，当对驻车机构进行机械解锁时，驻车凸轮组件向驻车导轴11的圆轴端轴向移动，弹性组件被进一步向变速箱箱体压缩。
在一个实施例中，棘爪转轴1固定在变速箱的两侧箱体上，棘爪16可绕棘爪转轴1转动，棘爪组件还包括扭簧2，扭簧2的一端固定在变速箱箱体上，扭簧2另一端固定在棘爪16上，使得棘爪16与驻车凸轮13预压紧，在扭簧2的作用下保证棘爪16始终抵接驻车凸轮13，为了提高棘爪16与驻车凸轮13的连接可靠性，减少棘爪16上部与驻车凸轮13接合部的摩擦力和磨损，提高其使用寿命，棘爪16的上部设置有凹槽，滚子14通过滚子销15固定在凹槽内，滚子14与驻车凸轮13接触，棘爪16下部设置有凸块可与驻车齿轮17啮合。
当驻车机构处于驻车状态时，棘爪16被驻车凸轮13下压，使棘爪16下部的凸块与驻车齿轮17啮合，实现驻车；棘爪16的一侧套设在棘爪转轴1上，棘爪转轴1固定在变速箱的两侧箱体上，棘爪16可绕棘爪转轴1转动；扭簧2的一端固定在变速箱箱体上，另一端固定在棘爪16上，扭簧2安装时具有一定的预紧力，预紧力使棘爪16始终向上抬起，使得棘爪16与驻车凸轮13预压紧。滚子14可沿滚子销15径向滚动，减小驻车凸轮13与棘爪16之间的摩擦力，滚子14与驻车凸轮13上的周向轮廓或弧形凸起接触。解锁机构还包括防扭簧失效组件。
在一个实施例中，如图7所示，防扭簧失效组件包括导向销19和导向槽，导向销19设置在棘爪16的末端的导向部的端部，导向槽设置在驻车凸轮13和/或驻车凸轮限位板9上，导向销19伸入导向槽内，导向槽提供紧急解锁时使棘爪16抬起的导向作用。当扭簧2失效时，由于棘爪组件失去了扭簧2预紧力的作用，在驻车解锁时，无法使棘爪16下部设置有凸块与驻车齿轮17从啮合状态分离，进而无法实现驻车解锁。
本发明该实施例中通过导向销19和导向槽的设计，可实现棘爪16与驻车凸轮13活动连接，即使扭簧2失效，由于驻车凸轮13的旋转，通过导向销19带动棘爪16上抬，使棘爪16下部的凸块与驻车齿轮17分离，进而实现驻车解锁。在非驻车状态下，导向销19贴在驻车凸轮13的导向槽底部，防止棘爪16掉入驻车齿轮17的齿槽内。本实施例中的防扭簧失效组件克服了因扭簧2等故障引起的无法正常解锁的问题。
综上，本发明提供一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构，机械解锁机构包括驻车凸轮组件、棘爪组件、驻车齿轮、拉索组件和执行组件；驻车凸轮组件包括驻车导轴、驻车凸轮限位板、轴向限位块和驻车凸轮，驻车凸轮限位板固定在驻车导轴上，轴向限位块过盈套设在驻车导轴上，驻车凸轮套设在轴向限位块和驻车凸轮限位板之间的驻车导轴上，驻车凸轮外侧周向上设置有弧形凸起；棘爪组件包括棘爪、棘爪转轴，棘爪末端一侧与驻车凸轮设置有弧形凸起的一侧抵接，棘爪末端另一侧设置有可插入到驻车齿轮中的齿，棘爪转轴设置在棘爪的另一端，棘爪可绕棘爪转轴摆动，随着驻车凸轮的旋转和平移，棘爪分别处于使驻车齿轮驻入固定的第一位置或使驻车齿轮驻出可旋转的第二位置；拉索组件一端与执行组件连接，另一端与驻车导轴连接，拉索组件可带动驻车导轴沿轴向平移；执行组件通过拉索组件驱动驻车导轴平移，从而带动棘爪从第一位置移动第二位置。本发明提供的机械解锁机构提供了驻车电机断电情况下的紧急机械解锁功能，驻车导轴通过拉索组件与设置在变速箱上的执行组件连接，可以实现驾驶员在驾驶室内实现机械解锁；该机械解锁机构可以实现纯机械、无电源动力下的驾驶室内手动解锁，不需要驾驶员下车操作；安全性能高和操作舒适性好。
以上仅为本发明的具体实施方式，在本发明的上述教导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行其他的改进或变形。本领域技术人员应该明白，上述 的具体描述只是更好的解释本发明的目的，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电子驻车的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述机械解锁机构包括驻车凸轮组件、棘爪组件、驻车齿轮、拉索组件和执行组件；
    所述驻车凸轮组件包括驻车导轴和驻车凸轮，所述驻车凸轮套设在所述驻车导轴上，所述驻车凸轮外侧周向上设置有弧形凸起；
    所述棘爪组件包括棘爪、棘爪转轴，所述棘爪末端一侧与所述驻车凸轮设置有所述弧形凸起的一侧抵接，所述棘爪末端另一侧设置有可插入到驻车齿轮中的凸块，所述棘爪转轴设置在所述棘爪的另一端，所述棘爪可绕所述棘爪转轴摆动，随着所述驻车凸轮的旋转和平移，所述棘爪分别处于使所述驻车齿轮驻入固定的第一位置或使所述驻车齿轮驻出可旋转的第二位置；
    所述拉索组件一端与执行组件连接，另一端与所述驻车导轴连接，所述拉索组件可带动所述驻车导轴沿轴向平移；
    所述执行组件通过所述拉索组件驱动所述驻车导轴平移，从而带动所述棘爪从所述第一位置移动所述第二位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述拉索组件包括拉线、导轴螺钉，所述拉线的两端设置拉线球头杆，所述拉线球头杆与拉线的端部连接，并通过套设在所述拉线上的所述导轴螺钉与所述驻车导轴或所述执行组件的端孔连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述拉线球头杆球头与所述端孔间隙配合，且留有一定的轴向空间。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述拉索组件还包括拉线滚轮，所述拉线滚轮安装在变速箱箱体内部的圆柱台上，用于改变所述拉线的导引方向。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述执行组件为拉杆或摇臂结构，所述拉杆或所述摇臂结构与变速箱外的整车拉线或整车拉杆相连；
    所述拉杆安装在变速箱箱体通向外部的定位孔上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述摇臂结构包括摇臂、止推垫圈、拉索导轮、摇臂转轴盖；所述拉索导轮一端与变速箱箱体上的孔间隙配合，用于固定所述摇臂结构；所述拉索导轮下部设有径向凸起部，所述径向凸起部与所述拉索组件连接；所述摇臂通过所述止推垫圈固定在所述拉索导轮的另一端， 所述摇臂转轴盖套设在所述径向凸起部和所述摇臂之间的所述拉索导轮上，且固定在变速器箱体上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述摇臂结构还包括密封圈，所述密封圈设置在所述拉索导轮和所述摇臂转轴盖之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述机械解锁机构还包括弹性组件，所述弹性组件包括依次套设在所述驻车导轴末端的推力轴承、回位弹簧和推力轴承垫圈；所述推力轴承滚珠端与驻车凸轮限位板抵接，所述回位弹簧一端与所述推力轴承平面端抵接，另一端与所述推力轴承垫圈固定连接，所述推力轴承垫圈与变速箱箱体抵接，所述回位弹簧设有预紧力。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述棘爪转轴固定在变速箱的两侧箱体上，所述棘爪可绕所述棘爪转轴转动，所述棘爪组件还包括扭簧，所述扭簧的一端固定在变速箱箱体上，所述扭簧另一端固定在所述棘爪上，使得所述棘爪与所述驻车凸轮预压紧，且所述解锁机构还包括防扭簧失效组件。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的机械解锁机构，其特征在于，所述防扭簧失效组件包括导向销和导向槽，所述导向销设置在所述棘爪的末端的导向部的端部，所述导向槽设置在所述驻车凸轮和/或驻车凸轮限位板上，所述导向销伸入所述导向槽内。
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