WO2021163817A1 - 防气体及生物反溢出的窨井盖 - Google Patents
防气体及生物反溢出的窨井盖 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021163817A1 WO2021163817A1 PCT/CN2020/000032 CN2020000032W WO2021163817A1 WO 2021163817 A1 WO2021163817 A1 WO 2021163817A1 CN 2020000032 W CN2020000032 W CN 2020000032W WO 2021163817 A1 WO2021163817 A1 WO 2021163817A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- funnel
- manhole cover
- cover plate
- float
- upper cover
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
Definitions
- Volatile gases are emitted from the cover of another manhole, especially if it may be infected or directly carried by other animals in the sewer. This kind of transmission may also be very serious. Now it is promoted everywhere to wear masks, wash hands frequently, and gather less to avoid infection. Wuhan, the epicenter of the epidemic, uses spray cannons to kill on the street, but the waste water from washing our hands, urination and defecation, there is the virus. Killed it?
- the present invention proposes some improved structures for manhole covers that can not only ensure rapid drainage but also prevent gas and biological back overflow. It is characterized by the addition of an anti-overflow top pillar structure to control the opening and closing of the funnel drainage channel, and it is automatically realized based on the interaction between the gravity principle of the flow difference and the elastic force and buoyancy. It is composed of an upper cover plate with a grate and a top column, an upper edge and a lower funnel with a spring. The upper edge is fixed on the upper cover plate. Push into the drain hole of the lower funnel; it can also be composed of an upper cover with a grate and a long funnel with an overflow window and a built-in ring valve with a float.
- the top of the float can be pushed into the drain hole of the long funnel; It can be composed of an upper cover plate with a grate connected to a single funnel, and a built-in single float valve.
- the float tip of the single float valve can be pushed into the drain hole under the single funnel; it can also be composed of an upper cover plate with elastic steel sheets and a device. A hinged upper edge is connected with a disc-shaped valve.
- the drainage system of rain and sewage separation is proposed to block the drainage pipe manhole cover hole, the regional set point exhaust port plus the air anti-virus device and the fixed point well bore plus blower air supply structure.
- the invention is simple in structure, convenient to manufacture, economical and applicable, and can be widely used for manhole covers of urban pipe network manholes, and can also be made into floor drains of toilets.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the spring return type structure of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the buoyancy reset type structure of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a structure diagram of a ring valve with a conical float installed in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a buoyancy reset type with only a single float valve according to the present invention
- Fig. 5 is a comparative structural schematic diagram of an elastic reset structure of the present invention.
- 1 indicates the upper cover
- 1-1 indicates the area where the upper cover can pass through the water
- 1-2 indicates the water passing hole of the upper cover
- 1-3 indicates the screw for installing the top post
- 1-4 indicates the top
- 2 represents the optional rubber seal
- 3 represents the sewer
- 4 represents the upper edge with spring
- 4-1 represents the spring
- 4-2 represents the upper edge mounting platform
- 5 represents the lower funnel
- 5-1 represents The drawstring connecting the lower funnel and the spring
- 5-2 denotes the loop of the lower funnel tied to the drawstring
- 5-3 denotes the drain hole of the lower funnel.
- 1 represents the upper cover
- 1-1 represents the area where the upper cover can drill through the water
- 1-2 represents the water passage of the upper cover
- 6 represents the long funnel
- 6-1 represents the overflow window on the long funnel.
- 6-2 indicates the drain hole of the long funnel.
- Fig. 3 7 denotes a cone float, 7-1 denotes the tip of the cone float, 8 denotes a ring valve, and 8-1 denotes a bolt connecting the ring valve and the cone float.
- 1 represents the upper cover
- 1-1 represents the area where the upper cover can drill through the water
- 1-2 represents the water passage of the upper cover
- 3 represents the sewer
- 9 represents the single funnel
- 9-1 represents the single funnel
- the drain hole, 10 represents a single float valve.
- 1 represents the upper cover
- 1-1 represents the area where the upper cover can drill through the water
- 1-2 represents the water passage of the upper cover
- 1-4 represents the elastic steel mounting bolt
- 3 represents the sewer
- 4 Denotes the upper edge
- 11 denotes an elastic steel sheet
- 12 denotes a drawstring connected with the elastic steel sheet
- 13 denotes a drawstring connected with the manhole cover
- 14 denotes a disc-shaped valve
- 15 denotes a hinge.
- the upper cover 1 is actually the current manhole cover. To make a floor drain in a household bathroom requires designing such a cover. It must have a certain strength, that is, it must not be too thin to prevent deformation.
- the punch should be in the middle of the cover, which is the area indicated by 1-1 in the figure. 2
- the rubber sealing ring is an optional part. For the rough manhole cover, a sealing ring can be added, and it is not necessary to install the smoother manhole cover.
- 3 means the sewer. Some sewers are in the shape of a bell mouth. It does not matter. As long as 1 and 3 can be closed, there is no problem.
- the upper edge 4 is a metal ring whose lower edge diameter should be slightly larger than the lower funnel, which can slide up and down along the inner wall of the upper edge, the upper edge has a small inclination, and the lower edge is slightly larger than the upper edge. Its width should not be too wide, generally a quarter of the diameter of its circle.
- the spring can be installed directly on the installation table. In some places where there are a lot of impurities in the drainage, you can also make the upper edge into an inverted V shape, and use the edges to rub against each other to clean up the remaining attachments on the edge of the lower funnel.
- 5 represents the lower funnel of the core component. Its diameter is generally 0.7 times the inner diameter of the sewer. Its depth can generally be equal to its diameter.
- the diameter of the funnel hole indicated by 5-3 refers to the size of the upper cover plate eye, which is slightly larger than the water passing hole.
- the outer diameter of the 1-4 top post should be exactly the same as the funnel hole, its front part can be sharper, and its length should ensure that it is inserted into the funnel hole, that is, when the lower funnel and the upper edge or the upper cover are pulled back by the spring, the top
- the column insertion funnel hole is slightly protruding, generally about 5mm.
- the lower funnel Due to the force of the spring, the lower funnel will disengage from the upper cover or the upper edge, and the gap is with the water.
- the flow is directly proportional.
- the large amount of water overflows from the upper edge of the lower funnel to the sewer, realizing rapid drainage and preventing water accumulation.
- the water flow becomes smaller, and the lower funnel becomes lighter due to the lack of water.
- the lower funnel slowly shrinks upwards and slowly closes with the upper edge or the upper cover.
- the water is mainly discharged from the drain hole of the lower funnel, and the current funnel When there is little water, the top column is slowly inserted into the hole of the lower funnel until it returns to an anhydrous state.
- the selection of the spring in this structure should satisfy that the elastic deformation of the lower funnel is generally 50% when it is filled with water.
- the spring can also be replaced by an elastic steel sheet or bamboo sheet, so our ancestors could implement the present invention more than 2,000 years ago.
- the spring can also be installed vertically, but consider trying not to keep it in contact with water frequently. Although the current stainless steel spring is not afraid of water, the sundries in the water will affect the spring. It is gratifying that I also came up with another structure that does not use springs, a buoyancy reset structure that Archimedes could implement more than 2,000 years ago.
- the upper cover plate and the long funnel 6 shown in Figure 1 are directly screwed together, but the ring valve with the conical float shown in Figure 3 should be installed before installation. Just fit the cone 7-1 tip directly to the hole of 6-2.
- the long funnel 6 is screw-mounted with the 4-2 additional mounting platform as shown in the upper edge of Fig. 1 and the upper cover plate.
- stainless steel is widely used now. Copper and electroplating are traditional. Urban sewers are not demanding. I think tinplate can be used.
- the distance between 7-1 and 8 is exactly equal to the distance between 6-2 and 6-1. Therefore, when the tip of the cone float is pushed into the hole of 6-2, the circle shape represented by 8 The valve just closes the overflow window of 6-1.
- the diameter of the ring valve is equal to the inner longitude of the long funnel 6.
- the tapered float 7 should be hollow, for example made of stainless steel. Of course, the float and ring valve can all adopt other shapes. Reasonably adjust the size of the 6-2 hole and the width of the ring valve so that the 6-1 will only open when the drainage flow reaches a certain value.
- the taper of the conical float should be greater than the taper of the long funnel, at least different.
- the embodiments of the present invention are all circular funnels, based on the same principle, wedge shapes are of course also possible, and spherical, triangular pyramids, quadrangular pyramids, etc. are also possible. Because many manhole covers are still square, the connection of the square manhole covers should of course be a quadrangular pyramid.
- the float of the present invention can also have similar shapes that can be matched with these shapes, that is, the top of the float must be just pushed into the drain hole of the funnel to prevent the back overflow of gas and organisms. Just pay attention to the difference between the taper of the float and the taper of the funnel. Otherwise, how can the water reach the top of the float and float the float from the bottom? Of course, to meet the design requirements, it is economical and applicable.
- the above-mentioned various structures can be made into a small size and installed in the floor drain of the bathroom.
- a valve composed of hinges, elastic steel sheets and drawstrings under the manhole cover.
- a ring-shaped upper edge 4 is installed under the original manhole cover as the upper cover 1
- a hinge 15 is added
- a disc valve 14 is installed
- the original sheet valve is installed on the upper side with a drawstring 12
- the elastic steel sheet 11 on the cover plate is connected.
- a drawstring 13 is used to connect the valve and the upper cover plate.
- the funnel-shaped structure proposed by the present invention is a preferred structure that I deduced from the different use environments of toilet floor drains and urban sewer pipe network manhole covers after many considerations, especially the one shown in Figure 1. Structure, its reliability is relatively high.
- I also give a method that can be implemented immediately, which is to install exhaust ports and air anti-virus devices in certain areas. Install an air conditioning fan that many people use in summer in a manhole that is easy to manage or take care of, and add a suitable concentration of 84 disinfectant to its water tank.
- the equipment is specially designed for humidification, dust removal, and sterilization. It can be used to deal with sandstorms. It can be used for dust removal and SO 2 reduction in coal-fired power plants.
- I also give a convenient management structure, which is to use a large carton or metal box to cover the manhole cover, and put the air-conditioning fan or heavy rain curtain airflow window in the box, and open the air outlet of the air-conditioning fan in the same way as the air-conditioning fan.
- the air outlet of the air conditioner fan faces the opening of the outer cover box.
- the box has no bottom, and the bottom side is in direct contact with the ground. It is required to use engineering glue or cement to seal and stabilize. It is best to add a large cover on the top of the box to prevent rain. In this way, not only can the gas inside the sewage pipe be discharged, but also the discharged gas can be strictly disinfected.
- a blower can be used to blow air into the pipe from another sewage well that is a certain distance away from the exhaust well. In this way, even if the effect of removing the virus gas is not considered, the removal of the biogas in the sewage pipe is also effective. The aforementioned incident of children throwing light firecrackers from the manhole cover into the inside and being blown up can be avoided. In fact, it can be used alone in various hospitals, wards, crowded places, and homes. This method of air conditioning fans and 84 disinfectant that has been used for more than ten years can be used to disinfect and purify the air. Hospital for patients with highly contagious new coronavirus pneumonia. Of course, the effect of making "Heavy Rain Curtain Wind Flow Window" is even better!
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
防气体及生物反溢出的窨井盖,既能保证快速排水又能防气体及生物反溢出,是将卫生间防臭地漏引伸到窨井盖结构方面的创新。提出在窨井盖上加装反溢出控制结构而自动控制排水道的开合。它可以由带有篦子和顶柱的上盖板和带弹簧的上沿及下漏斗组成,其上沿固定在上盖板上,下漏斗通过拉绳和上沿的弹簧相连接,其顶柱可以顶入下漏斗的排水孔;也可以由带有篦子的上盖板加装带有溢水窗的长漏斗内置带有浮子的圈形阀组成,浮子的顶尖可以顶入长漏斗的排水孔;还可以由带有篦子的上盖板连接单漏斗,内置可以顶入单漏斗孔的单体浮子阀构成。同时对雨污分离的排水系统又提出封堵排污管窨井盖眼、区域设定点排气口外加空气杀毒装置及定点井眼加鼓风机送风的方案。结构简单,制作方便,经济适用,可以广泛用于城市排水排污管网,也可以制成卫生间的地漏。
Description
技术领域;卫生洁具、公共设施。
2019年1月22日,我卫生间里的洗手池下水管堵塞,于是,我检查并修理了下水管及地漏。经检索,目前较好的四防地漏具有防堵、防臭、防大流量积水、防超时干涸等反溢出功能。其实现这四防功能而采取的手段还主要是水封原理。当然,水封是目前公认的卫生间等需要管路隔离的流体线路里最科学的反溢出防护手段。
为了实现防超时干涸,最新的四防地漏要求水封要达到50mm以上,否则,就会考察这个所谓防臭地漏是不是真的做好了这个功能,真的防臭。50mm,这本来不难做到,我们使用的软管下水管很容易就可以折出50mm的回水弯水封,市场上出售的防臭地漏水封达到50mm的也容易买到,110mm的都有。但是,有个问题,就是这50mm到底能管多长时间呢?各种环境的蒸发量有很大差距。比如北方冬季取暖,地漏旁边就是暖气管,卫生间里很干燥。如果有些人十天半月不着家,或者大富豪有好多卫生间,不一定哪天使用一次某个卫生间,那地漏的水封很可能早就干涸了,那很豪华的卫生间也可能是臭烘烘的。有些宾馆也是有淡季和旺季区分,淡季长时间不打扫,也容易出现地漏水封干涸问题。公共场所里的卫生间及部分工矿企业,也有一些地漏是预防性的,平时难有有效径流流入地漏,那水封型地漏在此就失去防臭功能。因此,设计一种基于非水封原理的四防地漏是必要的。所以,最近一些认真思考的人推出了非水封的卫生间四防地漏,有的还将自己的创新称作六防地漏。他们使用的方法也都是开合式,主要使用现代技术,比如磁极相斥磁悬浮获得的管道开合、磁极相互吸引获得的管道开合、高分子成型的形变获得的开合等方法。这些技术进步改善了人们卫生间里的环境。当然,也许经过一段时间实践检验,在不太干燥的场所,水封仍然是最适用最科学的。
推而广之,城市为了自身的卫生美观,到处都是地漏----下水道窨井。有些窨井是和化粪池连接的,一年四季臭烘烘的,有些人就用块橡胶或硬纸板盖上它。城市下水道里流动的成分远比家庭卫生间里的下水道里成分复杂,因为那里是各处家庭、厂矿、企业、医院、学校里下水道汇总!有各种病菌、挥发性有机物、寄生虫在我们旁边下水道里,只是因为有个有眼的大铁盖盖着,我们就不会象讨厌城市臭河那样耿耿于怀了。其实,从许多大铁盖眼里跑出来的臭气及各种有害气体、细菌、寄生虫真不比一条大臭河差。在许多开满鲜花的城市,在许多散发各种花香的鲜花旁就是窨井盖,从窨井盖眼里同时又散发出臭气及各种味道。夏季,我曾经许多次从道路旁边的窨井盖上走过,常常会被里面冲出来的味道熏得恶心。今天是狗年的腊月二十六,早上我听到有人放鞭炮,想起此前报道过有小孩过年时将鞭炮点燃扔进下水道窨井里引发沼气爆炸而被炸伤的事。为了夏季里的大量雨水能快速地排掉,所以我们的城市设计了很多窨井。为了防止下水道里蚊子等各类寄生虫从窨井盖眼里飞出,天津市的卫生部门夏季要求往窨井盖眼里喷药,隔几天就要喷一次。但是,从窨井盖眼里喷出的其他有害物-各种气体,就没有办法了。因此,设计一种既能快速排水又能防下水道里面东西反溢出来的窨井盖其实是非常必要的。
显然,借用现在的水封式四防地漏原理做成水封式四防窨井盖是不现实的,因为这需要定期的有径流给它们补水。将上述在卫生间四防地漏方面的创新例如磁力方式、高分子材料成型管道的形变等方法用于改进城市雨水的排涝用的窨井盖也不太适用。为了解决城市 下水道官网里有毒或难闻气体及有害生物从窨井盖眼里反溢出问题,在狗年腊月最后这几天里,我想了又想,想了又想,想出了一些防气体及生物反溢出的窨井盖改进结构。当然,对于到处都是窨井盖的城市及村镇,本文讨论的只是排污井,排水井,化粪池井盖,而通讯井,供水井,供气井等,如果都是不开口的井盖则不在讨论之列。
狗年腊月29,倒班的日子,本人把自己的有关于此的这点粗浅想法成文,以专利申请的方式递交到天津知识产权局天津代办处,2019年的2月14,欧美国家的情人节,中国猪年正月初十,本人又递交了改进版文本。猪年里,本人试图实施这一技术方案,努力过几次,由于资金等原因,这个涉及液体废弃物处理的技术方案的实施还是没有成功。没有成功实施,在过去十几年里,也是常事,这其中就有不少我个人关于减少废气的技术方案。尽管屡受打击,本人还是又在2019年12月26日中午把自己一个个人闷声不响的解决固体废物污染的技术方案成文递交到天津代办处。然而,在猪年腊月底,用著名生物学家施一公校长鼠年元宵节的话说,几十年一遇的新型冠状病毒肺炎。2月8日,中国命名为新冠肺炎NCP(Novel coronavirus pneumonia)。大概因为NCP三个字母缩写容易引起误解,2月11日,世界卫生组织将其命名为COVID19。中国面临挑战!截至2020年2月12日24时,疫情中心湖北省累计报告新冠肺炎病例48206例,世界多国出现不少感染者。在2月9日的国务院联防联控新闻发布会上,专家提到病毒的粪口传播问题。我在看完直播后,即给天津市民热线02288908890打电话,请接待员转达我的有关于本文所提问题的建议。如上文所述,本发明本来就是用来防排污管道里的气体及生物从窨井盖处反溢出的,现在,这种新冠病毒如果从此处医院、感染者洗涤处等场所的排污管排出,又在另一处窨井盖口随挥发性气体冒出,特别是还可能被下水道里的其他动物感染或直接携带,那这种传播也可能是很厉害的。现在到处宣传戴口罩、勤洗手、少聚集,以避免被感染,疫情中心城市武汉,用喷雾炮在大街上消杀,可我们大家的洗完手的废水呢,大小便呢,那里的病毒我们消杀了吗?
发明内容:本发明提出一些既能保证快速排水又能防气体及生物反溢出的窨井盖改进结构。其特征是加装反溢出顶柱结构控制漏斗式排水道的开合,而且是基于流量差的重力原理与弹性力、浮力相互作用来自动实现的。它由带有篦子和顶柱的上盖板和带弹簧的上沿及下漏斗组成,其上沿固定在上盖板上,下漏斗通过拉绳和上沿的弹簧相连接,其顶柱可以顶入下漏斗的排水孔;也可以由带有篦子的上盖板加装带有溢水窗的长漏斗内置带有浮子的圈形阀组成,浮子的顶尖可以顶入长漏斗的排水孔;还可以由带有篦子的上盖板连接单漏斗,内置单体浮子阀构成,单体浮子阀的浮子顶尖可以顶入单漏斗下方的排水孔;还可以由装有弹性钢片的上盖板和装有铰链的上沿连接圆片状阀门构成。同时对雨污分离的排水系统又提出封堵排污管窨井盖眼、区域设定点排气口外加空气杀毒装置及定点井眼加鼓风机送风的结构。本发明结构简单,制作方便,经济适用,可以广泛用于城市管网窨井的窨井盖,也可以制成卫生间的地漏。
附图说明:图1是本发明的弹簧复位型结构示意图,图2是本发明的浮力复位型结构示意图,图3是装入图2的一种带有锥形浮子的圈形阀结构示意图,图4是本发明一种仅带有单体浮子阀的浮力复位型结构示意图,图5是本发明一种弹性复位结构的对比结构示意图。
图中各部分:
图1中,1表示上盖板,1-1表示上盖板可以打眼过水区域,1-2表示上盖板的过水眼,1-3表示安装顶柱的螺钉,1-4表示顶柱,2表示的是可选用的橡胶密封圈,3表示下水道,4表示带有弹簧的上沿,4-1表示弹簧,4-2表示上沿安装台,5表示下漏斗,5-1表示下漏斗与弹簧连接的拉绳,5-2表示下漏斗拴拉绳的环,5-3表示下漏斗的排水孔。
图2中,1表示上盖板,1-1表示上盖板可以打眼过水区域,1-2表示上盖板的过水眼,6表示长漏斗,6-1表示长漏斗上溢水窗,6-2表示长漏斗的排水孔。
图3中,7表示锥形浮子,7-1表示锥形浮子的顶尖,8表示圈形阀,8-1表示圈形阀与锥形浮子连接的螺栓。
图4中,1表示上盖板,1-1表示上盖板可以打眼过水区域,1-2表示上盖板的过水眼,3表示下水道,9表示单漏斗,9-1表示单漏斗的排水孔,10表示单体浮子阀。
图5中,1表示上盖板,1-1表示上盖板可以打眼过水区域,1-2表示上盖板的过水眼,1-4表示弹性钢片安装螺栓,3表示下水道,4表示上沿,11表示弹性钢片,12表示与弹性钢片相连的拉绳,13表示与窨井盖相连的拉绳,14表示一个圆片状阀门,15表示铰链。
都极为简单。如图1,上盖板1,其实就是现在的窨井盖。制作家用卫生间里地漏需要设计这样一个盖板。它必须有一定的强度,就是不能太薄了,以防止出现变形。打眼应该在盖板中间打,即图中1-1表示的区域。2橡胶密封圈是可选的部件,对井盖比较粗糙的可以加装一道密封圈,比较光滑的没有必要装。3表示下水道,有的下水道呈喇叭口形,没有关系,只要1和3能合上就没有问题。上沿4,就是一个金属圈,其下边缘直径应该略大于下漏斗,下漏斗可沿该上沿内壁上下滑动,该上沿有小倾角,下边缘比上边缘略大。它的宽度不宜太宽,一般为其圆直径的四分之一。弹簧安装就可以直接套在其安装台上。在有些排水中含混杂物多的场所,还可以把上沿做成倒V字形,利用边缘相互摩擦清理掉下漏斗边沿残留的附着物。5表示核心部件下漏斗。它的直径一般为下水道内直径的0.7倍。其深度一般可以等同其直径。其下面漏斗形斜度没有严格要求,泥沙越重的地方其与水平面的夹角越大。5-3表示的漏斗孔,其直径参考上盖板眼的尺寸,略大于过水孔眼即可。那1-4顶柱的外直径应该正好与漏斗孔相同,其前部可以尖锐些,其长度应该保证其插入漏斗孔,即下漏斗与上沿或上盖板被弹簧拉回合上时,顶柱插入漏斗孔略有突出,一般为5mm左右。
其工作原理就是:没有水需要排的干燥状态,下漏斗被拉绳连接到弹簧,调节拉绳长度使下漏斗与上沿紧密合上或者省略上沿的与上盖板紧密合上,那下水道里的臭气或寄生虫第一不能从其二者配合的缝隙进入漏斗再从上盖板的过水眼里跑出去,第二因为顶柱正好塞住下漏斗的孔,臭气或寄生虫也不能从漏斗孔进入漏斗再从过水眼里跑出去。所以,干燥状态该结构是防臭的,也防寄生虫。即使干燥三年五载,该防气体及生物反溢出的窨井盖的反溢出结构始终处于合上状态,照样防臭等有害气体、防下水道寄生虫等生物。
当有少量水要排出时,水从上盖板的过水眼进入下漏斗,下漏斗因为有水加入,变重了,因为上面连接弹簧,所以它就要下坠,此时,顶柱从漏斗孔里脱出,水从漏斗孔里进入下水道。当有大量水要排出时,如果其中有杂物,上盖板的篦子作用可以阻挡部分,只让能从过水眼里通过的小尺寸进入下漏斗。因为水流量大,下漏斗的排水孔无法及时将水排出,下漏斗被装满,变得很沉,由于弹簧受力,下漏斗就会与上盖板或上沿脱开,其缝隙与水流量成正比。那大量的水就从下漏斗的上面边沿溢出到下水道,实现快速排水,也就实现防积水了。当排水临近尾声,水流变小了,下漏斗因水少而变轻,下漏斗慢慢向上收缩,与上沿或上盖板慢慢合上,水主要由下漏斗的排水孔排出,当下漏斗里水很少时,顶柱慢慢插入下漏斗的孔里,直到恢复到无水状态。
该结构中的弹簧的选择,应该满足下漏斗装满水时其弹性形变一般为50%。该弹簧也可以用弹性钢片或竹子片来代替,所以,在2000多年前,我们的祖先就可以实施本发 明。该弹簧也可以竖着装,但考虑尽量不要使其经常接触水,虽然现在的不锈钢弹簧不怕水,但水中的杂物会使弹簧受到影响。令人欣慰的是,本人还想出另外一种不用弹簧的结构,一种2000多年前阿基米德就能实施的浮力复位结构。
如图2,1表示的上盖板与长漏斗6直接用螺丝安装在一起,但是安装之前要把图3表示的带有锥形浮子的圈形阀装进去。就是直接把锥形7-1顶尖对着6-2的孔装入就可以了。长漏斗6采用如图1上沿的4-2附加安装台与1上盖板螺装。至于制作材料,现在不锈钢广泛运用,铜材外加电镀是传统,城市下水道,要求不高,我看马口铁也可以。
工作原理:设计时7-1与8之间的距离正好等于6-2与6-1之间的距离,所以,当锥形浮子的顶尖顶入6-2的孔时,8表示的圈形阀正好封住6-1的溢水窗。那圈形阀的直径就是等于长漏斗6的内经。锥形浮子7应该是中空的,比如用不锈钢制作。当然,浮子、圈形阀都可以采用其他形状。合理调整6-2孔的大小、圈形阀宽度,以使当排水流量达到一定值时6-1才打开。锥形浮子的锥度应大于长漏斗的锥度,至少是不同的。排水流量小的情况下,水主要从6-2长漏斗下方的孔排出,排水流量大,水对锥形浮子的浮力将圈形阀上抬,可以完全打开。排水完成,锥形浮子复位,6-2、6-1都再次被关闭。完全达到防堵、防臭、防积水、防超时干涸、防寄生生物等要求,干几年也没有问题。
当然,从这原理看,似乎没有6--1的溢水窗和圈形阀,只利用6-2排水,也是可以完成以上所述功能的,只是把6-2孔开大一些就可以了,例如,图4。图4中,只有带有排水孔9-1的单漏斗9和单体浮子阀构成,也许这是最简化的结构。只要其中的子弹头形的锥形浮子即单体浮子阀9的重量和体积的设定符合一定比值,比如换成密度值为小于1,比如为0.7-0.8,应该就可以满足要求。也许这种最简化结构的排水速度相对较低,也许设计得合理时也不低,比如排水孔9-1大小合适。具体到底是哪种结构最好,广泛试验后会有结论。
还有,本发明实施例都是圆形漏斗型,基于同样原理,楔形当然也行,还有球形、三角锥形、四角锥形...等等都可以。因为有不少窨井盖还是四方形的,四方形的窨井盖连接的当然应该是四角锥形。本发明的浮子当然也可以是能与这些形状相配合的类似形状,就是浮子的顶尖要正好顶入漏斗排水孔,才能做到防止气体、生物体反溢出。只是要注意浮子锥度和漏斗的锥度应该有一定的差,否则水怎么到达浮子顶尖部位,从底下上浮起浮子啊。当然满足设计要求,经济适用就好。以上所述各种结构完全可以制成小尺寸安装在卫生间的地漏里。
目前卫生间的地漏以水封方式为广泛,即使在要求很高的场所,水封仍然是推荐结构。提出以上这些开合式结构,是因为发明人认为窨井盖与卫生间地漏虽然某些使用要求相近,但使用环境还是有很多区别的,水封确实无法满足要求,这在背景技术里已经给予了充分说明。从结构原理上看,把本发明提出的这些结构制作成卫生间地漏,满足水封抗超时干涸性能达不到的场所对于地漏的需求应该是可以的。当然,目前在卫生间地漏里较为成功的其他结构也可以试着应用到窨井盖的设计。而且,还有比本发明上述提出更为简单的结构。
比如就在窨井盖下方加一个由铰链和弹性钢片及拉绳构成的阀门。如图5,在原窨井盖作为上盖板1的下方安装一个圈形状的上沿4,加装一个铰链15,安装圆片状阀门14,再用拉绳12将原片状阀门与安装在上盖板上的弹性钢片11连接,为了限制阀门的最大位移量,再用拉绳13将阀门与上盖板连接起来。当有水需要排出时,阀门因水的重量产生重力向下打开排水,排水完毕,弹性钢片使其复位。这种结构相对更为简单,不用前面三种结构中提出的漏斗形状,看来工作原理也很合理,但是,它的环境适应性就相对差,比如阀门铰链容易出故障,有点东西缠绕就不好用了,或者,阀门边粘上点东西,阀门就失效了,臭气 和虫子就可以通过了。所以,铰链结构在这种大尺寸的阀门连接方面的应用不太合适。因此,在没有广泛应用实践的情况下,本发明提出的漏斗形结构是本人从卫生间地漏与城市下水道管网窨井盖的使用环境的不同经多方面考虑推导出的优选结构,尤其是图1的结构,其可靠性相对较高。
多年来本人关注卫生间,总觉得似乎哪里需要改进。2016年提出了《汽车之家感觉的便携式卫生间》、《开门式男士立便器》、《一种仿生坐便器》。前些天认真研究一下地漏,将其推广到城市下水道管网的窨井盖,在窨井盖防气体及生物反溢出设计方面迈出第一步。由于本人非本专业,个人闭门造车,提出一些简单的改进结构,难免有考虑不周之处,也可能短时间内未能想到更为优秀技术方案,谨以本发明抛砖引玉,以供各位专家参考。
以上是本人2019年2月14日递交文本的具体实施方式。我原来的想法是以上所提结构在排污管道、排水管道系统统一实施。2019年秋天,我所住的属于天津北辰的这个小区进行了一次排水管网的改造,实现雨污分离。因此,我又认为最好针对不同管网的实际情况分别采取措施。现在,为解决这个眼前极为紧迫的防止新冠肺炎病毒传播的重要问题,特增加本说明。声明一下,此处给出的方案也和上文一样,纯属个人的粗浅想法,希望有关专家根据实际情况,岗位要求按程序自行作出决定。本简单方法可马上实施。2月9日本人打电话给022 88908890所描述的是,可以马上发动各小区、环卫部门等工作人员,用塑料袋包泥土或废纸马上对窨井盖眼进行封堵,对所有排污管道的窨井盖进行此处理,尤其是小区、人行道等人员密集的地方。使用的塑料袋、泥土很容易得,具体大小根据窨井盖出气口的大小决定,尽量塞严。当然,这里还可能有一个问题要解决,就是既然上文也提到排污管道内部常常存有沼气,如果这样都把它闷在里面,一旦哪里遇到易燃物或火星,那就容易产生爆炸。为此,本人还给出一个也是马上可以实施的方法,就是在一定区域都设置排气口加空气杀毒装置。在一个便于管理或照看的窨井里面或盖口设置一台夏天许多人家都使用的空调扇,在其水箱里加入浓度合适的84消毒液。还有更科学的设备就是本人2010年发明的《重重雨帘风流窗》了,实用新型专利CN201981968U。该设备专门为加湿、除尘、杀菌而设计,可用来对付沙尘暴,燃煤电厂用作除尘、减SO
2。此处本人还给出一个方便管理的结构,就是用一个大纸箱或金属箱罩在窨井盖上,把空调扇或重重雨帘风流窗放在箱子里,在箱子上开和空调扇出气口一样大小的开口,把空调扇出气口对着外罩箱子的开口,箱子无底,底边和地面直接接触,要求使用工程胶或水泥做好密封及稳固,箱子顶部最好加一个大盖沿用来防雨。这样,不仅可以排掉排污管道内部的气体,也保证排出的气体被严格消毒了。为了达到较好的排掉排污管道里有毒气体的目的,我认为可以使用鼓风机从离开排气口井一定距离的另一个排污井口往管道里面鼓风。这样,即使不考虑清除病毒气体效果,对于排污管道里面的沼气的清除也是有效的,那前面提到的有小孩从井盖眼往里面扔点着的鞭炮而被炸飞的事就可以避免了。事实上,在各类医院、病房、人员密集处、居家都可单独使用这种大家已经使用十几年的空调扇加84消毒液的方法进行消毒,净化空气,尤其是目前收治各类具有很强传染性的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的医院。当然,制作《重重雨帘风流窗》,效果更好!
以上【0023】所述的方法,在此疫情期间凡可以看到该方法说明的,即可实施。有政府部门希望实施此方法,请一定给本人打个招呼,哪怕一个电话,一条短信。我的电话13821127784,我期待您的来电。该方法是此次疫情期间的临时方法,待以后有公司承接本文前面所述的机械加工及施工等工程,再进行正规的工程施工。即使本次简易方法的施工,也要规规矩矩,有我这个方案,还要进行具体工程设计、施工、检查、验收、管理,有关卫生机构要对实施效果进行医学检验。
Claims (3)
- 防气体及生物反溢出的窨井盖,是将卫生间防臭地漏引伸到窨井盖结构方面的创新,其特征是:在窨井盖上加装了控制漏斗式排水道开合的防气体及生物反溢出的顶柱结构,其反溢出控制结构是基于流量差的重力与弹性力、浮力相互作用来自动实现的控制排水道开合的控制机构,它由带有篦子和顶柱的上盖板和带弹簧的上沿及下漏斗组成,其上沿固定在上盖板上,下漏斗通过拉绳和上沿的弹簧相连接,顶柱可以顶入下漏斗的排水孔;也可以由带有篦子的上盖板加装带有溢水窗的长漏斗内置带有浮子的圈形阀组成,浮子顶尖可以顶入长漏斗下方的排水孔;还可以由带有篦子的上盖板连接单漏斗,内置单体浮子阀构成,浮子阀顶尖可以顶入单漏斗下方的排水孔;还可以由加装弹性钢片的上盖板加安装有铰链的上沿连接简单的圆形片状阀门构成。同时对雨污分离的排水系统又提出封堵排污管窨井盖眼、区域设定点排气口外加空气杀毒装置及设定点窨井盖眼加鼓风机送风的结构。
- 如权利要求1所述的防气体及生物反溢出的窨井盖,其特征是,所述的反溢出控制结构含有的漏斗和浮子是圆形漏斗、楔形漏斗、锥形漏斗、球形漏斗,圆形浮子、球形浮子、锥形浮子、楔形浮子。
- 如权利要求1所述的防气体及生物反溢出的窨井盖,其特征是,所述的反溢出结构以小尺寸结构被安装在卫生间地漏里,其反溢出控制结构是控制排水道开合的控制机构,它由带有篦子和顶柱的上盖板和带弹簧的上沿及下漏斗组成,其上沿固定在上盖板上,下漏斗通过拉绳和上沿的弹簧相连接,顶柱可以顶入下漏斗的排水孔;或者由带有篦子的上盖板加装带有溢水窗的长漏斗内置带有浮子的圈形阀组成,浮子顶尖可以顶入长漏斗下方的排水孔;或者由带有篦子的上盖板连接单漏斗,内置单体浮子阀构成,浮子阀顶尖可以顶入单漏斗下方的排水孔。
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