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WO2021135171A1 - 一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法 - Google Patents

一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法 Download PDF

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WO2021135171A1
WO2021135171A1 PCT/CN2020/103238 CN2020103238W WO2021135171A1 WO 2021135171 A1 WO2021135171 A1 WO 2021135171A1 CN 2020103238 W CN2020103238 W CN 2020103238W WO 2021135171 A1 WO2021135171 A1 WO 2021135171A1
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modulation
light intensity
fiber optic
optic gyroscope
demodulation
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WO2021135171A9 (zh
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陈杏藩
李楠
胡慧珠
刘承
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浙江大学
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams

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  • the invention relates to the problem of how to simultaneously realize the modulation and demodulation of multiple parameters in a fiber optic gyroscope signal processing method, in particular to a multi-phase modulation and demodulation fiber optic gyroscope multi-closed loop method.
  • Fiber optic gyroscope is a new type of angular rate measuring instrument, which is widely used in navigation and attitude control systems due to its advantages of all-solid-state, large bandwidth and digital output with multiple protocols.
  • the working principle of the fiber optic gyroscope is based on the fiber optic interferometer of the optical Sagnac effect, that is, when the ring interferometer rotates, it produces a Sagnac phase difference proportional to the angular rate of rotation (also often referred to as the Sagnac phase difference).
  • Phase shift or Sagnac phase by detecting the phase difference, combined with the pre-measured scale factor, the angular velocity of the system where the ring interferometer is located can be calculated.
  • the scale factor is generally calibrated by the turntable after the fiber optic gyroscope is manufactured. It is a constant, so only the Sagnac phase difference needs to be detected, and then the corresponding angular velocity can be obtained immediately by combining the scale factor.
  • L is the fiber length of the fiber optic ring of the fiber optic gyroscope
  • D is the diameter of the fiber optic ring
  • c is the speed of light in vacuum.
  • the light phase cannot be measured directly. It needs to be converted to light intensity measurement by interference. It is often done by adding a ⁇ /2 square wave phase modulation to the Sagnac interferometer to simultaneously detect the direction and magnitude of the angular velocity and achieve maximum sensitivity.
  • the output intensity signal I of the fiber optic gyroscope at this time should be expressed as:
  • I 0 is the light signal intensity of the light source
  • ⁇ sag is the light phase corresponding to the angular velocity.
  • the high-precision fiber optic gyroscope in order to implement ultra-high-precision measurement, a closed-loop control and measurement method is adopted, and with the improvement of accuracy, it is not only required to implement a closed-loop in the system.
  • high-precision fiber optic gyroscopes multiple closed-loop loops can be used to achieve multiple closed-loop methods to achieve different measurement goals.
  • the half-wave voltage parameters, angular velocity, and light intensity of the system need to be measured in real time.
  • a series of parameters need to be closed-loop modulated, demodulated or solved, so that the fiber optic gyroscope works at the phase offset point, so that the electro-optic phase modulation coefficients used are consistent with the real waveguide parameters, and Working at a reasonable light intensity stable point, these methods need to be implemented in a software and merged together through modulation and demodulation.
  • the prior art lacks such multiple closed-loop methods for real-time control.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-phase modulation fiber optic gyroscope multi-closed loop method, through modulation
  • the multi-phase design of the waveform and the design of the corresponding modulation and demodulation method can complete the calculation of multiple fiber optic gyroscope working parameters at the same time, thereby realizing multiple closed-loop control, and finally providing a stable operating point for the fiber optic gyroscope's work to meet the stability and The need for high precision.
  • the fiber optic gyroscope includes a phase modulator and a light source.
  • One modulation and demodulation cycle of the multi-phase modulation includes six modulation phases, and the six modulation phases are respectively denoted as A, B, C, D, E, and F in order of time:
  • the total duration of the three modulation phases of A, B, and C is the same as the duration of the three modulation phases of D, E, and F, which is equal to the transit time of the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the transit time of the fiber optic gyroscope is obtained by pre-measurement.
  • the proportional coefficient between the modulation voltage and the modulation phase is determined by the half-wave voltage parameter V ⁇ of the phase modulator used by the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • V1, V2, and V3 are different in size and are not equal to integer multiples of the ⁇ phase.
  • V1 0.7V ⁇
  • V2 0.75V ⁇
  • the initial value of the half-wave voltage parameter V ⁇ is obtained from the nominal parameter of the phase modulator used by the fiber optic gyroscope, or obtained through pre-measurement, and is updated in real time by the following half-wave voltage parameter V ⁇ closed loop method.
  • the gyro output signals under the six modulation phases of A, B, C, D, E, and F are respectively marked as SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, and the corresponding
  • the digital sampling results are respectively marked as SA(n), SB(n), SC(n), SD(n), SE(n), SF(n), where n is the nth modulation and demodulation cycle, starting with n
  • the initial value is 1.
  • the half-wave voltage parameter V ⁇ is updated in real time to improve the measurement performance of the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the angular velocity of the fiber optic gyroscope is updated in real time according to the angular velocity closed loop method to improve the output accuracy.
  • the light intensity output of the variable modulation light source is used for internal compensation of the fiber optic gyroscope, which together can help the fiber optic gyroscope to improve linearity and bias stability.
  • V ⁇ (n+1) V ⁇ (n)+dV ⁇ ;
  • V ⁇ (n+1) V ⁇ (n)-dV ⁇ ;
  • RD(n) [SA(n)+SB(n)+SF(n)-SC(n)-SD(n)-SE(n)];
  • the angular velocity closed-loop amplitude dR(n) is a preset parameter, which is a positive number, and there are two values:
  • the specific application system is, for example, an inertial navigation system.
  • ID(n) [SA(n)-SB(n)+SD(n)-SE(n)];
  • the light intensity variable ID(n) obtained in this way is proportional to the light intensity of the closed-loop fiber optic gyroscope, the scale factor is related to the circuit magnification. In a certain fiber optic gyroscope system, the light intensity variable is constant when the circuit magnification is unchanged.
  • the change of ID(n) represents the change of light intensity.
  • the light intensity variable ID(n) is used as the light intensity monitoring value of the fiber optic gyroscope for light intensity feedback.
  • the light intensity modulator is connected in series to the output end of the internal light source of the fiber optic gyroscope, and the light intensity is used.
  • the variable ID(n) controls the intensity modulation of the light intensity modulator:
  • the light intensity variable ID(n) is equal to the preset light intensity signal threshold ID0, the light intensity is kept constant by controlling the light intensity modulator;
  • the half-wave voltage parameter closed-loop method, angular velocity closed-loop method, and light intensity calculation method constitute a multi-closed-loop method, all of which use the sampling values corresponding to the six phases in a modulation and demodulation period, and the three do not interfere with each other, and the realization FPGA is used as the data processor to realize the parallel calculation of multiple closed-loop methods.
  • the accuracy of the fiber optic gyroscope determines the navigation accuracy of the navigation system.
  • the application of the high-precision gyroscope can greatly improve the performance of the navigation system, and the stability and reliability of the same high-precision gyroscope also affects the navigation correspondingly.
  • the stability and reliability of the system Through the introduction of closed-loop technology, low- and medium-precision fiber optic gyroscopes are widely used in various systems. With the improvement of the accuracy and performance of the gyroscope, it is necessary to further control the working state of the fiber optic gyroscope in a closed loop.
  • the optical phase corresponding to the angular velocity achieves a closed loop, and other parameters such as light intensity and electro-optic phase modulation coefficient need to be controlled and measured to further improve its performance and stability.
  • a modulation and demodulation period is divided into 6 phases in time sequence, and different phases with specific laws are adopted for different phases.
  • the influence mechanism of the gyro angular velocity, the influence mechanism of the electro-optic phase modulation coefficient and the influence mechanism of the light intensity through the design of the demodulation method, the separate and independent calculation of the three are realized at the same time.
  • Multiple closed-loop methods. The collection used does not require additional hardware, and has the characteristics of good reliability and flexibility.
  • the signal difference corresponding to the two phases reflects the magnitude of the phase; in the open-loop gyro, the angular velocity can be achieved according to this magnitude.
  • the phase residual can be calculated according to the difference value, so as to adjust the closed-loop phase.
  • the angular velocity can be obtained according to the closed-loop phase. This is the square wave in the traditional fiber optic gyroscope. The principle of modulation and demodulation.
  • the corresponding modulation voltages are 0.75V ⁇ and 1.25V ⁇ , respectively.
  • the phase is provided by voltage.
  • the actual modulated voltages are 0.75V ⁇ and 1.25V ⁇ respectively. If V ⁇ and the actual half-wave voltage (denoted as V ⁇ 0) are inaccurate at this time, then 0.75V ⁇ and 1.25V ⁇ modulate the voltage
  • the corresponding modulation phase deviates from 0.75 ⁇ and 1.25 ⁇ . At this time, the corresponding output signals of the two phases are not equal.
  • the half-wave voltage deviation can be estimated, and then the estimated half-wave voltage value V ⁇ can be adjusted until this point.
  • the modulation of -0.75 ⁇ and -1.25 ⁇ is added to 0.75 ⁇ and 1.25 ⁇ , and the sampling values of the four signals are combined to realize the settlement of the half-wave voltage estimation value.
  • the difference of the signal sampling is related to the light intensity, and the light intensity can be settled according to this sampled value.
  • the light intensity difference dI is:
  • dI represents the difference in light intensity
  • I 0 represents the light signal intensity of the light source, also referred to as light intensity for short.
  • the corresponding two sampled values are proportional to the light intensity I 0 , and the light intensity can be reflected according to the difference of the sampled values.
  • an optical emphasizing damper can be added, and the signal can be used to realize the closed-loop feedback of intensity.
  • modulations of -0.75 ⁇ and -0.70 ⁇ are added, and the sampling values of the four signals are combined to realize the settlement of the light intensity signal, which can further reduce the sensitivity to the rotation phase, etc., Improve measurement performance and improve measurement stability.
  • a multi-phase modulation and demodulation fiber optic gyroscope multi-closed loop method uses polyphase decomposition and design of the modulation and demodulation cycle to phase modulate the gyro signal through six modulation phases with different characteristics, and Corresponding demodulation and closed-loop methods are designed for different closed-loops and calculations, and closed-loop control and calculation of three parameters are realized at the same time, which can provide a multi-closed-loop method for the development of high-precision fiber optic gyroscopes and provide a stable operating point.
  • the method does not need to add additional components, improves the reliability of the application system and improves the stability of the fiber optic gyroscope at the same cost, and has important application value and promotion value for high-precision navigation application systems.
  • Figure 1 Light intensity amplitude map corresponding to different modulation amplitude points
  • FIG. 1 Multi-phase modulation and demodulation waveform diagram
  • Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the realization of half-wave voltage closed-loop method
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the implementation of the angular velocity closed-loop method
  • Figure 5 Schematic diagram of light intensity measurement and demodulation.
  • the corresponding curve of phase and light intensity is shown in Figure 1.
  • the phase offset is used to ensure that there is still a certain phase difference between the two beams of the interferometer under the condition of zero speed input;
  • the bias points are selected symmetrically, as shown in the figure A and D, B and E, C and F, The three pairs of bias points are relatively symmetrical with respect to 0, with the same phase amplitude and opposite signs.
  • the angular velocity can be solved (in the closed-loop fiber optic gyroscope, the angular velocity closed-loop residual settlement is realized); in the existing gyro, the typical square wave modulation only uses a pair of offset Set point, that is, there is only one phase modulation phase.
  • three pairs of bias points are selected to realize the angular velocity closed loop of the digital closed loop fiber optic gyroscope, the closed loop of electro-optical phase modulation coefficient, and the settlement of light intensity.
  • the half-wave voltage parameter closed-loop method is shown in Figure 3.
  • the digital closed-loop fiber optic gyroscope we realize the modulation of the optical phase by modulating the voltage, and the actual output control quantity is the modulated voltage value.
  • the proportional relationship between the modulation voltage and the optical phase is extremely electro-optical phase modulation coefficient. Sometimes this coefficient is expressed by the half-wave voltage V ⁇ .
  • the half-wave voltage V ⁇ refers to the value of the modulation voltage that needs to be applied to produce the phase.
  • the value of V ⁇ depends on the electro-optic phase modulator used, and its typical value is 2V ⁇ 5V. Generally, there is a corresponding nominal value when leaving the factory.
  • the actual value is affected by the environmental temperature, humidity and other parameters, and it needs to be tested or calibrated in real time in the actual process.
  • the half-wave voltage measurement value V ⁇ t(n) of the next cycle is adjusted in an equal step length or equal proportion.
  • the multi-phase modulation and demodulation waveform is shown in Figure 2.
  • the figure shows the waveform of two modulation and demodulation cycles.
  • the period length of one modulation and demodulation cycle is 2 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the transit time of the fiber optic gyroscope, which can be obtained by pre-testing, or It is calculated based on the fiber length and refractive index of the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the internal sequence of a modulation release cycle includes six modulation phases A, B, C, D, E, F, and the six phase modulation amplitudes are different, where A and D, B and E, and C and F are two. Two pairs of symmetrical modulation phases are formed respectively.
  • each pair is the same, and the amplitude of the modulation voltage is the same, which are respectively recorded as V1, V2, and V3, with opposite signs, although these three pairs of symmetrical modulation phases are often used in applications.
  • the time is the same, both are ⁇ /3, but this is not a necessary requirement and can be configured according to specific system requirements.
  • the order between A, B, and C is not mandatory, and can be configured according to specific needs.
  • the amplitude of the three modulation phase pairs can be optional, but in practice, due to reasons such as implementation and stability, V1, V2, and V3 are based on the integrated electro-optic phase modulator (abbreviated as electro-optic phase modulator, phase modulator or phase modulator).
  • electro-optic phase modulator phase modulator or phase modulator.
  • the voltage selection of the electro-optical phase modulation coefficient of Y waveguide, etc., generally selects the value of a certain ratio.
  • the angular velocity settlement (open loop gyro) or angular velocity residual settlement (closed loop) can be achieved by sampling the corresponding sample values under the opposite modulation phase.
  • closed-loop control is achieved by making the sampling difference between each pair of symmetrical modulation phases and two opposite modulation phases zero.
  • the corresponding feedback phase modulation is proportional to the angular velocity, which is a typical method. Wave modulation and demodulation method.
  • the angular velocity closed-loop method is shown in Figure 4.
  • the closed-loop fiber optic gyroscope if the feedback phase and the phase corresponding to the actual angular velocity are not equal at this time, resulting in a phase residual, then you can use A, B, C, E, The sampling values of D and F are obtained.
  • the figure shows that in the case of phase residuals, the net phases (offset phase + feedback phase + angular velocity signal) of the six operating points A, B, C, E, D, and F deviate to the right.
  • the six points A, B, C, E, D, and F have different sampling results for the symmetrical modulation phases SA, SB, SC, SE, SD, and SF, and the size of the phase residual can be obtained according to their sampling values. Furthermore, the closed-loop feedback phase of the next cycle can be modulated, so that the closed-loop result is finally obtained.
  • 1 modulation and demodulation cycle is a calculation cycle.
  • the sampling value of the nth modulation and demodulation cycle can be specifically marked as SA(n), SB(n), SC(n), SE(n), SD(n), SF(n), the corresponding intermediate variables and calculation results can also be added with the suffix (n).
  • the light intensity measurement demodulation is shown in Fig. 5. Through the sampling results of phases A, B, D and E with different modulation depths, a closed-loop measurement of light intensity is realized.
  • the corresponding light intensity signal sizes on the four modulation phases are respectively marked as SA, SB, SD, and SE, then:
  • the ID includes I 0 information, which is proportional to I 0 , so that the light intensity I 0 can be obtained in real time according to the size of the ID.
  • the intermediate variables are:
  • I 0 (n) ID(n)*2[cos(0.70 ⁇ )-cos(0.75 ⁇ )]
  • the real-time value of visible light intensity is proportional to ID(n).
  • ID(n) the actual sampling value is the light intensity ID(n) multiplied by a coefficient that is proportional to the circuit.
  • the change of ID(n) represents the change of light intensity, and the ID(n) solution result is used as the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • Light intensity monitoring value according to the design function requirements of the closed-loop fiber optic gyroscope, in a system that needs light intensity feedback, by adding a light intensity modulator, ID(n) is used to control the intensity modulation of the light intensity modulator, thereby achieving light intensity Closed loop feedback; in systems that do not require light intensity feedback, the size of the light intensity signal of the system can be reflected in real time through ID(n).
  • the present invention can provide a stable operating point for the fiber optic gyroscope, improve the linearity and bias stability of the fiber optic gyroscope, etc.; there is no need to increase or change the existing hardware, and the fiber optic gyroscope can be monitored in real time through the modulation and demodulation method.
  • the working state of the system thereby improving the reliability of its application system, has a strong industrial application value.

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Abstract

一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,通过光纤陀螺的调制波形的合理设计,在调制解调周期内分为多个相位,在不同的相位上实现不同调制幅度,并对时间段的陀螺输出信号进行采样,结合不同的闭环处理方法分别实现角速率、半波电压参数、信号强度等参数的解调,实现多参数多闭环。该光纤陀螺多闭环方法提高光纤陀螺的线性度、偏置稳定性等,无需增加或改变现有硬件,通过调制解调方法以实时监控光纤陀螺的工作状态,提高可靠性。

Description

一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法 技术领域
本发明涉及光纤陀螺信号处理方法中如何同时实现多个参数的调制解调的问题,尤其是涉及到一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法。
背景技术
光纤陀螺是一种新型角速率测量仪,由于其具有全固态、带宽大及具有多种协议数字输出的优点,被广泛用于导航和姿态控制系统中。光纤陀螺的工作原理是基于光学萨格奈克效应的光纤干涉仪,即当环形干涉仪旋转时,产生一个正比于旋转角速率大小的萨格奈克相位差(也常称为萨格奈克相移或萨格奈克相位),通过检测该相位差,结合预先测量得到的标度因数可以推算得到环形干涉仪所在系统的角速度,而标度因数一般在光纤陀螺制作完毕之后通过转台标定而得,是一个常数,所以只需要检测得到萨格奈克相位差,则结合标度因数的大小则立刻可得到相应的角速度的大小。
萨格奈克相位差φ Sag和系统角速率Ω的关系如下:
Figure PCTCN2020103238-appb-000001
其中,L为光纤陀螺光纤环光纤长度,D为光纤环直径,λ光纤陀螺所用光源波长,c为真空中光速。
光相位无法直接测量,需要通过干涉转换为光强测量,常通过对萨格奈克干涉仪添加一个±π/2的方波相位调制,以同时检测角速度的方向和大小,并达到最大的灵敏度,此时的光纤陀螺输出强度信号I应该表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020103238-appb-000002
其中,I 0为光源光信号强度,φsag为角速度对应的光相位。
高精度光纤陀螺中,为了实行超高精度的测量,采用的为闭环控制和测量的方式,并且随着精度的提高,不仅仅要求系统中实现一个闭环。在高精度光纤陀螺中,可以通过多个闭环回路,实现多闭环方法,达到不同的的测量目标。
在超高精度的闭环光纤陀螺中,需要对系统的半波电压参数、角速度、光强进行实时测量。为了满足高精度光纤陀螺的应用,需要对一系列的参数进行 闭环调制解调或者进行解算,从而使得光纤陀螺工作在相位偏置点,使得采用的电光相位调制系数和真实波导参数一致,并工作在合理的光强稳定点上,这些方法需要在一个软件里面实现,并通过调制解调的方式融合在一起。现有技术缺少了这样的多闭环方法进行实时控制。
发明内容
鉴于现有高精度光纤陀螺对于多个参数具有闭环需求,同时要实现多个闭环方法和参数解算方法的现状,本发明的目的在于提供一种多相位调制的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,通过调制波形的多相位设计和对应调制解调方法的设计,同时完成多个光纤陀螺工作参数的解算,从而实现多闭环控制,从而最终为光纤陀螺的工作提供一个稳定的工作点,满足稳定性和高精度的需求。
本发明所采用的技术方案的步骤如下:
将光纤陀螺的一个调制解调周期分为多个相位,实现多相位调制,并对实时的陀螺输出信号进行采集;根据采样得到的陀螺输出信号按照预先设计的特定解调方式进行解调,从而得到被测的角速度、光强和半波电压参数等信息;然后通过这些信息,反馈调节光纤陀螺相位调制器调制的多相调制的幅度,从而实现光纤陀螺的角速度、光强和半波电压参数的多闭环控制。
所述的光纤陀螺中包含有相位调制器和光源。
所述多相位调制的一个调制解调周期包括六个调制相位,六个调制相位按照时间顺序顺次分别记为A、B、C、D、E、F:
A、D调制电压相同均为V1,V1=0.7Vπ,Vπ表示光纤陀螺所采用的相位调制器的半波电压参数,调制深度相同均为M1,调制持续时间相同,符号相反;
B、E调制电压相同均为V2,V2=0.75Vπ,调制深度相同均为M2,调制持续时间相同,符号相反;
C、F调制电压相同均为V3,V3=1.25Vπ,调制深度相同均为M3,调制持续时间相同,符号相反;
A、B、C三个调制相位持续的总时间和D、E、F三个调制相位持续的总时间相同,均等于光纤陀螺的渡越时间。
所述的光纤陀螺的渡越时间通过预先测量得到。调制电压和调制相位之间的比例系数由光纤陀螺所采用的相位调制器的半波电压参数Vπ所决定。
上述V1、V2、V3选择大小不同,均不等于π相位的整数倍,特别的选取V1=0.7Vπ,V2=0.75Vπ,V3=1.25Vπ。其中半波电压参数Vπ初始值由光纤陀螺所采用的相位调制器的标称参数获得,或者通过预先测量获得,并通过以下半波电压参数Vπ闭环方法实时更新。
在多相位调制的一个调制解调周期内,A、B、C、D、E、F六个调制相位下的陀螺输出信号,分别记为SA、SB、SC、SD、SE、SF,对应的数字采样结果分别记为SA(n)、SB(n)、SC(n)、SD(n)、SE(n)、SF(n),其中n为第n个调制解调周期,n的起始值为1,按照半波电压参数闭环方法实时更新半波电压参数Vπ提高光纤陀螺的测量性能,按照角速度闭环方法实时更新光纤陀螺的角速度提高输出准确性能,按照光强解算方法输出光强变量调制光源的光强输出进行光纤陀螺的内部补偿,这样共同能实现帮助光纤陀螺提高线性度、偏置稳定性。
采用半波电压参数闭环方法实时更新半波电压参数Vπ具体为:
(1)第n个调制解调周期内的采样结果分别为SA(n)、SB(n)、SC(n)、SD(n)、SE(n)、SF(n),半波电压参数记为Vπ(n),计算半波电压参数中间变量D(n)=[SB(n)+SE(n)-SC(n)-SF(n)];
(2)根据半波电压参数中间变量D(n)的大小,按照半波电压参数闭环幅度dVπ更新下一个第n+1个调制解调周期的半波电压参数Vπ(n+1):
如果D(n)=0,则Vπ(n+1)=Vπ(n);
如果D(n)>0,则Vπ(n+1)=Vπ(n)+dVπ;
如果D(n)<0,则Vπ(n+1)=Vπ(n)-dVπ;
其中,半波电压参数闭环幅度dVπ为预设的参数,为正数,dVπ取值满足:dVπ<0.1,典型值可为dVπ=0.001;
(3)重复以上步骤,得到各个调制解调周期下的半波电压参数Vπ(n),作为半波电压参数的测量值,以半波电压参数的测量值为光纤陀螺内部解算的实际参数,进而提高光纤陀螺的测量性能。
按照角速闭环方法实时更新光纤陀螺的角速度,具体为:
(1)第n个调制解调周期内的采样结果分别为SA(n)、SB(n)、SC(n)、SD(n)、SE(n)、SF(n),角速度记为R(n),R(n)的初始值R(1)取值为0,计算角速度中间变量RD(n):
RD(n)=[SA(n)+SB(n)+SF(n)-SC(n)-SD(n)-SE(n)];
(2)根据角速度中间变量RD(n)的大小,在n>1时,按照角速度闭环幅度dR(n)更新角速度R(n):
如果RD(n)=0,则R(n)=R(n-1);
如果RD(n)>0,则R(n)=R(n-1)–dR(n);
如果RD(n)<0,则R(n)=R(n-1)+dR(n);
其中,角速度闭环幅度dR(n)为预设的参数,为正数,有两种取值方式:
A.固定取值:dR(n)=Const,Const为正值常数,典型值可取Const=10 -6
B.固定比例:dR(n)=k×|RD(n)|,其中k为角速度比例系数,和闭环光纤陀螺的光强和电路放大倍数相关,通过光纤陀螺的光电参数预先标定和实验测试得到;
(3)在每一个调制解调周期中重复以上闭环过程,将实时的角速度R(n)进行输出,通过光纤陀螺的通信输出接口发送给外部应用系统,进而提高光纤陀螺的精度。
具体实施的应用系统例如为惯性导航系统。
按照光强解算方法输出光强变量调制光源的光强输出,如下:
(1)第n个调制解调周期内的采样结果分别为SA(n)、SB(n)、SC(n)、SD(n)、SE(n)、SF(n),计算光强变量ID(n):
ID(n)=[SA(n)-SB(n)+SD(n)-SE(n)];
这样处理获得的光强变量ID(n)正比于于闭环光纤陀螺的光强、比例系数和电路放大倍数相关,在确定的一个光纤陀螺系统中,电路放大倍数不变的情况下,光强变量ID(n)的变化情况代表了光强的变化情况。
(2)将光强变量ID(n)作为光纤陀螺的光强监控值进行光强反馈,通过增加光强度调制器,将光强度调制器串联接在光纤陀螺内部光源的输出端,利用光强变量ID(n)控制光强度调制器的强度调制:
若光强变量ID(n)大于预先设置的光强信号阈值ID0,则通过控制光强度调制器增加光强损耗,降低光强;
若光强变量ID(n)小于预先设置的光强信号阈值ID0,则通过控制光强度调制器减少光强损耗,增大光强;
若光强变量ID(n)等于预先设置的光强信号阈值ID0,则通过控制光强度调制器保持光强不变;
从而实现光强的闭环反馈。
所述的半波电压参数闭环方法、角速度闭环方法和光强解算方法构成了多闭环方法,均采用一个调制解调周期内的六个相位对应的采样值,三者相互不干扰,在实现中采用FPGA作为数据处理器,实现多闭环方法的并行计算。
本发明原理情况如下:
作为导航系统的核心,光纤陀螺的精度决定着导航系统的导航精度,高精度陀螺的应用能够大幅度提高导航系统的性能,而同样的高精度陀螺的稳定性和可靠性也对应地影响着导航系统的稳定性和可靠性。通过闭环技术的引进,中低精度的光纤陀螺以及被广泛应用于各类系统中,而随着对陀螺精度和性能的提高,需要进一步对光纤陀螺的工作状态进行闭环控制,使其不仅仅在角速 度对应的光学相位实现闭环,还需要对其他光强、电光相位调制系数等参数进行控制和测量,从而进一步提高其性能和稳定性。
本发明是通过设计合适的调制解调方式,具体的为多相调制解调的测量,将一个调制解调周期按时间顺序分为6个相位,并在不同的相位上采用不同的具有特定规律的调制电压,同时根据陀螺角速度的影响机理、电光相位调制系数的影响机理以及光强的影响机理的不同,通过在解调方法上的设计,同时实现这三者的分开独立解算,从而实现多闭环方法。所采用的采集不需增加硬件,具有可靠性好扩展性灵活的特点。
对于角速度产生的光相位,通过两个偏置相位大小一致,方向相反的相位调制,对应于这两个相位的采用信号差值反应了相位的大小;在开环陀螺中根据这个大小可以实现角速度的解算,在闭环陀螺中根据这个差值的大小可以实现相位残差的解算,从而调整闭环相位,在闭环良好的情况下根据闭环相位得到角速度的大小,这是传统光纤陀螺中方波调制解调的原理。
而根据两个相位和为2π的相位调制,如0.75π和1.25π,对应的调制电压分别为0.75Vπ和1.25Vπ,理论上在相位闭环下起对应的信号大小一致,满足cos0.75π=cos1.25π。实际调制过程中,相位是通过电压提供的,实际调制的电压分别为0.75Vπ和1.25Vπ,如果此时Vπ和实际的半波电压(记为Vπ0)不准,则0.75Vπ和1.25Vπ调制电压对应的调制相位偏离0.75π和1.25π,此时两个相位的对应的输出信号不等,根据这个不准可以实现半波电压偏离的估计,进而可以调整估计的半波电压值Vπ,直到此时两个相位对应输出的信号一致;在本发明中,在0.75π和1.25π之外增加了-0.75π和-1.25π的调制,结合四个信号的采样值实现半波电压估计值的结算,可以进一步降低对于转动相位等的敏感性,提高测量性能,改进测量稳定性。
同样的,根据两个相位具有一定偏差的相位调制,其信号采样的差值和光强相关,根据这个采样值可以实现光强的结算。例如通过0.75Vπ和0.70Vπ的相位偏置,其光强差值dI为:
dI=I 0[1+cos(0.70π)]-I 0[1+cos(0.75π)]=I 0[cos(0.70π)-cos(0.75π)]
其中,dI表示光强差值,I 0表示光源光信号强度,也简称为光强。
假设系统中的电路系统增益不变,则对应两个采样值正比于光强I 0,根据采样值差可以反应光强的大小情况。通过不同调制解调周期下的测量,可以实现光强的实时监控和跟踪,在需要光强闭环的应用情况下,可以增加光强调制器,利用该信号实现强度的闭环反馈。
在本发明中,在0.75π和0.70π之外增加了-0.75π和-0.70π的调制,结合四 个信号的采样值实现光强信号的结算,可以进一步降低对于转动相位等的敏感性,提高测量性能,改进测量稳定性。
本发明具有的有益效果是:
首次提出一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,该方法通过对调制解调周期的多相分解和设计设计,通过具有不同特征的六个调制相位的对陀螺信号进行相位调制,并针对不同的闭环和解算量设计对应的解调和闭环方法,同时实现了三个参数的闭环控制和解算,从而能够为高精度光纤陀螺的研制提供一个多闭环方法,提供一个稳定的工作点。
该方法不需增加额外器件,在相同的成本下提高了应用系统的可靠性,提高了光纤陀螺的稳定性,对于高精度导航应用系统具有重要的应用价值和推广价值。
附图说明
图1:不同调制幅度点对应的光强幅度图;
图2:多相调制解调波形图;
图3:半波电压闭环方法实现的原理图;
图4:角速度闭环方法实现的原理图;
图5:光强测量和解调的示意图图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
在光纤陀螺干涉仪的相位和光强对应曲线如图1,在光纤陀螺中,通过相位偏置的方式使得在零转速输入的情况下,干涉仪两束光之间依旧存在一定的相位差;在方波相位偏置(方波相位调制解调或方波调制解调)数字闭环光纤陀螺仪中,偏置点成对称选取,如图中的A和D,B和E,C和F,这三对偏置点相对0相对对称,相位幅度大小相同,符号相反。
通过一对偏置点的光强的检测,可以实现角速度的解算(在闭环光纤陀螺中,实现角速度闭环残差的结算);在现有陀螺中,典型的方波调制只采用一对偏置点,也即只有一个相位调制相位。
在本发明中,将通过三对偏置点的选取,实现数字闭环光纤陀螺的角速度闭环、电光相位调制系数闭环和光强的结算等。
在本发明基础上,后续可以进一步扩展,通过其他偏置点的选取,实现更多和陀螺相关的参数的结算。
(1)、
半波电压参数闭环方法情况如图3所示。在数字闭环光纤陀螺中,我们通 过调制电压,实现光相位的调制,实际输出控制的量为调制电压值。调制电压和光相位之间的比例关系极为电光相位调制系数,有时候又以半波电压Vπ来表示这个系数,半波电压Vπ指的是产生相位所需要施加的调制电压值。Vπ的值决定于所采用的电光相位调制器,其典型值为2V~5V,一般出厂时候均有对应的标称值。而实际该值受环境的温度,湿度等参数的影响,在实际过程中需要对其进行测试,或者实时标定。
在本发明中,通过图2中的调制波形,可以实现对于Vπ的实时测量和闭环,使得Vπ的测量值(Vπt)最终等于真实的Vπ值(记为Vπ0)。在Vπt=Vπ0的时候,如图1所示,此时:
SB=I 0[1+cos(0.75Vπt*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75Vπ0*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75π)]
SC=I 0[1+cos(1.25Vπt*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(1.25Vπ0*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75π)]
SE=I 0[1+cos(-0.75Vπt*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75Vπ0*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75π)]
SF=I 0[1+cos(1.75Vπt*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(1.75Vπ0*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75π)]
这四个采样值相同,满足SB=SC=SE=SF,而如果此时当前的Vπ的测量值(Vπt)和真实Vπ值不等,存在误差k,也即Vπt=(1+k)Vπ0,则此时的采样值分别为:
在干涉相应图上表现为图四,表现为工作点此时均向0点运动。
SB=I 0[1+cos(0.75Vπt*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75π+0.75kπ)]
SC=I 0[1+cos(1.25Vπt*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75π-0.125kπ)]
SE=I 0[1+cos(-0.75Vπt*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75π+0.75kπ)]
SF=I 0[1+cos(1.75Vπt*π/Vπ0)]=I 0[1+cos(0.75π-0.125kπ)]
此时SB=SE≠SF=SC,记中间变量为:
D=(SB+SE)-(SF+SC)
D中包括了k的信息,从而可以根据k的大小,实时调整Vπt的大小,在D=0的情况下,此时k=0,Vπt=Vπ0,从而实现半波电压的闭环。
在数字闭环光纤陀螺中,如果令n表示调制解调周期的序号,那么上面式子也可写为离散的表示方式,如下:
SB(n)=I 0[1+cos(0.75π+0.75kπ)]
SC(n)=I 0[1+cos(0.75π-0.125kπ)]
SE(n)=I 0[1+cos(0.75π+0.75kπ)]
SF(n)=I 0[1+cos(0.75π-0.125kπ)]
D(n)=(SB(n)+SE(n))-(SF(n)+SC(n));
根据D(n)的大小,按照等步长或者等比例的方式调整下一个周期的半波电 压测量值Vπt(n)。
(2)、
多相调制解调波形如图2,图中画出了两个调制解调周期的波形,一个调制解调周期的周期长度为2τ,τ为光纤陀螺的渡越时间,可以预先测试得到,或者根据光纤陀螺的光纤长度和折射率计算得到。一个调制解脱周期内部顺序包括了6个调制相位A、B、C、D、E、F,并且这六个相位调制幅度有所不同,其中A和D,B和E,C和F两两之间分别构成对称调制相位对,每对两两之间持续的时间相同,并且调制电压幅度大小一样,分别记为V1、V2、V3,符号相反,虽然在应用中常让这三对对称调制相位持续时间相同,均为τ/3,但这不是必须要求,可以根据具体系统需求进行配置。同样A、B、C之间的顺序也非必须要求,可具体根据需求配置。
理论上,三个调制相位对的幅度可以任选,但实际中由于实现和稳定性等原因,V1、V2、V3根据所采用的集成电光相位调制器(简称电光相位调制器,相位调制器或者Y波导等)的电光相位调制系数的电压选取,一般选取确定比例的值。作为一个实用的例子,假设光纤陀螺的电光相位调制系数标称值已知,其半波电压记为Vπ,可选比例系数分别为0.7,0.75,1.25,也即V1=0.7Vπ,V2=0.75Vπ,V2=1.25Vπ。
对于每一对对称调制相位,均可按照典型方波调制的光纤陀螺的信息处理方法,通过对相反调制相位下对应的采样值实现角速度的结算(开环陀螺)或者角速度残差的结算(闭环陀螺)。在闭环陀螺中,通过使得每一对对称调制相位两个相反调制相位下的采样差为零实现闭环控制,在实现闭环控制时候,对应的反馈相位调制则正比于角速度,此即为典型的方波调制解调方法。
角速度闭环方法情况如图4所示,对于闭环光纤陀螺,如果此时反馈相位和实际角速度对应的相位之间不等,产生了相位残差,则此时可以根据A、B、C、E、D、F的采样值获得。如图表示的是在有相位残差的情况下,此时A、B、C、E、D、F六个工作点的净相位(偏置相位+反馈相位+角速度信号)均向右偏离,此时A、B、C、E、D、F六个点3对对称调制相位的采样结果SA、SB、SC、SE、SD、SF不同,根据他们的采样值可以得到相位残差的大小,进而可以调制下一个周期的闭环反馈相位,从而最终重新获得闭环的结果,在重新获得闭环的情况下,角速度对应的光相位等于反馈相位,同时三对对称调制的采样结果相同,也即SA=SD,SB=SE,SC=SF。
在数字化光纤陀螺中,1个调制解调周期为一个计算周期,在数字化下可以将第n个调制解调周期的采样值具体记为SA(n)、SB(n)、SC(n)、SE(n)、SD(n)、SF(n),对应的中间变量和计算结果也均可增加后缀(n)。
(2)、
光强测量解调如图5所示,通过具有不同调制深度的相位A、B、D和E的采样结果,实现光强的闭环测量。这四个调制相位上对应的光强度信号大小分别记为SA、SB、SD、SE,则:
SA=I 0[1+cos(0.70π)]
SB=I 0[1+cos(0.75π)]
SD=I 0[1+cos(0.70π)]
SE=I 0[1+cos(0.75π)]
记中间变量为:
ID=(SA+SD)-(SB+SE)
ID中包括了I 0的信息,和I 0成正比,从而可以根据ID的大小,实时获得光强I 0的大小。
在数字闭环光纤陀螺中,如果令n表示调制解调周期的序号,那么上面式子也可写为离散的表示方式,如下:
SA(n)=I 0(n)[1+cos(0.70π)]
SB(n)=I 0(n)[1+cos(0.75π)]
SD(n)=I 0(n)[1+cos(0.70π)]
SE(n)=I 0(n)[1+cos(0.75π)]
中间变量为:
ID(n)=[SA(n)+SD(n)]-[SB(n)+SE(n)]=2[cos(0.70π)-cos(0.75π)]I 0(n)
从而光强的实时解调值为:
I 0(n)=ID(n)*2[cos(0.70π)-cos(0.75π)]
可见光强的实时值正比于ID(n),考虑到实际光纤陀螺系统中的光电转换过程也为线性过程,实际采样值为光强ID(n)乘以一个和电路成正比的系数,比例系数和电路放大倍数相关,在确定的一个光纤陀螺系统中,电路放大倍数不变的情况下,ID(n)的变化情况代表了光强的变化情况,ID(n)解算结果,作为光纤陀螺光强监控值;根据闭环光纤陀螺的设计功能需求,在需要进行光强反馈的系统中,通过增加光强度调制器,利用ID(n)控制光强度调制器的强度调制,从而实现光强的闭环反馈;在不需要光强反馈的系统,可以通过ID(n)实时反应系统光强信号的大小。
由此实施可见,本发明能够为光纤陀螺提供一个稳定的工作点,提高光纤陀螺的线性度、偏置稳定性等;不需增加或改变现有硬件,通过调制解调方法以实时监控光纤陀螺的工作状态,从而提高其应用系统的可靠性,具有很强的工业应用价值。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,所述的光纤陀螺中包含有相位调制器和光源,其特征在于:将光纤陀螺的一个调制解调周期分为多个相位,实现多相位调制,并对实时的陀螺输出信号进行采集;根据采样得到的陀螺输出信号按照预先设计的解调方式进行解调,从而得到被测的角速度、光强和半波电压参数等信息;然后通过这些信息,反馈调节光纤陀螺相位调制器调制的多相调制的幅度,从而实现光纤陀螺的角速度、光强和半波电压参数的多闭环控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,其特征在于:所述多相位调制的一个调制解调周期包括六个调制相位,六个调制相位按照时间顺序顺次分别记为A、B、C、D、E、F:
    A、D调制电压相同均为V1,V1=0.7Vπ,Vπ表示光纤陀螺所采用的相位调制器的半波电压参数,调制深度相同均为M1,调制持续时间相同,符号相反;
    B、E调制电压相同均为V2,V2=0.75Vπ,调制深度相同均为M2,调制持续时间相同,符号相反;
    C、F调制电压相同均为V3,V3=1.25Vπ,调制深度相同均为M3,调制持续时间相同,符号相反;
    A、B、C三个调制相位持续的总时间和D、E、F三个调制相位持续的总时间相同,均等于光纤陀螺的渡越时间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,其特征在于:在多相位调制的一个调制解调周期内,A、B、C、D、E、F六个调制相位下的陀螺输出信号,分别记为SA、SB、SC、SD、SE、SF,对应的数字采样结果分别记为SA(n)、SB(n)、SC(n)、SD(n)、SE(n)、SF(n),其中n为第n个调制解调周期,按照半波电压参数闭环方法实时更新半波电压参数Vπ提高光纤陀螺的测量性能,按照角速度闭环方法实时更新光纤陀螺的角速度提高输出准确性能,按照光强解算方法输出光强变量调制光源的光强输出进行光纤陀螺的内部补偿,这样共同能实现帮助光纤陀螺提高线性度、偏置稳定性。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,其特征在于:采用半波电压参数闭环方法实时更新半波电压参数Vπ具体为:
    (1)第n个调制解调周期内的采样结果分别为SA(n)、SB(n)、SC(n)、SD(n)、SE(n)、SF(n),半波电压参数记为Vπ(n),计算半波电压参数中间变量D(n)=[SB(n)+SE(n)-SC(n)-SF(n)];
    (2)根据半波电压参数中间变量D(n)的大小,按照半波电压参数闭环幅度dVπ更新下一个第n+1个调制解调周期的半波电压参数Vπ(n+1):
    如果D(n)=0,则Vπ(n+1)=Vπ(n);
    如果D(n)>0,则Vπ(n+1)=Vπ(n)+dVπ;
    如果D(n)<0,则Vπ(n+1)=Vπ(n)-dVπ;
    其中,半波电压参数闭环幅度dVπ为预设的参数,为正数,dVπ取值满足:dVπ<0.1;
    (3)重复以上步骤,得到各个调制解调周期下的半波电压参数Vπ(n),作为半波电压参数的测量值,以半波电压参数的测量值为光纤陀螺内部解算的实际参数,进而提高光纤陀螺的测量性能。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,其特征在于:按照角速闭环方法实时更新光纤陀螺的角速度,具体为:
    (1)第n个调制解调周期内的采样结果分别为SA(n)、SB(n)、SC(n)、SD(n)、SE(n)、SF(n),角速度记为R(n),R(n)的初始值R(1)取值为0,计算角速度中间变量RD(n):
    RD(n)=[SA(n)+SB(n)+SF(n)-SC(n)-SD(n)-SE(n)];
    (2)根据角速度中间变量RD(n)的大小,在n>1时,按照角速度闭环幅度dR(n)更新角速度R(n):
    如果RD(n)=0,则R(n)=R(n-1);
    如果RD(n)>0,则R(n)=R(n-1)–dR(n);
    如果RD(n)<0,则R(n)=R(n-1)+dR(n);
    其中,角速度闭环幅度dR(n)为预设的参数,为正数,有两种取值方式:
    A.固定取值:dR(n)=Const,Const为正值常数;
    B.固定比例:dR(n)=k×|RD(n)|,其中k为角速度比例系数;
    (3)在每一个调制解调周期中重复以上闭环过程,将实时的角速度R(n)进行输出,通过光纤陀螺的通信输出接口发送给外部应用系统,进而提高光纤陀螺的精度。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,其特征在于:按照光强解算方法输出光强变量调制光源的光强输出,如下:
    (1)第n个调制解调周期内的采样结果分别为SA(n)、SB(n)、SC(n)、SD(n)、SE(n)、SF(n),计算光强变量ID(n):
    ID(n)=[SA(n)-SB(n)+SD(n)-SE(n)];
    (2)将光强变量ID(n)作为光纤陀螺的光强监控值进行光强反馈,通过增加光强度调制器,将光强度调制器串联接在光纤陀螺内部光源的输出端,利用光强变量ID(n)控制光强度调制器的强度调制:
    若光强变量ID(n)大于预先设置的光强信号阈值ID0,则通过控制光强度调制器增加光强损耗,降低光强;
    若光强变量ID(n)小于预先设置的光强信号阈值ID0,则通过控制光强度调制器减少光强损耗,增大光强;
    若光强变量ID(n)等于预先设置的光强信号阈值ID0,则通过控制光强度调制器保持光强不变;
    从而实现光强的闭环反馈。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多相调制解调的光纤陀螺多闭环方法,其特征在于:所述的半波电压参数闭环方法、角速度闭环方法和光强解算方法均采用一个调制解调周期内的六个相位对应的采样值,三者相互不干扰,在实现中采用FPGA作为数据处理器,实现多闭环方法的并行计算。
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