WO2021130178A1

WO2021130178A1 - A flood defence barrier

Info

Publication number: WO2021130178A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/087486
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michaeel Emborg
Original assignee: Rockwool International A/S
Priority date: 2019-12-23
Filing date: 2020-12-21
Publication date: 2021-07-01

Abstract

The present invention relates to a flood defence barrier module comprising a man-made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises an array of coherent man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a first water impermeable layer, wherein the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly, and wherein the second side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a water permeable cover.

Description

A flood defence barrier

The present invention relates to a flood defence barrier module, a flood defence barrier system and a kit for a flood defence barrier system a method of constructing a flood defence barrier system and use of a man-made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly) as a flood defence barrier.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

Precipitation such as rain, snow, sleet, hail and the like can cause flooding, such as when a large amount of precipitation falls in a short period of time. This can cause the water level of bodies of water such as rivers, canals, streams, lakes, seas and the like to rise. This can cause flooding as the water cannot be contained in the usual way. It is known to build defences to flooding, such as by building concrete sea walls. These are expensive and time consuming to build, often requiring planning permission. Further, they are fixed at the size and position that has been chosen and it is costly and time consuming to make any adjustments to these. It is known to build temporary defences using sandbags. These are labour intensive and time consuming to install, have a limited height to which they can be safely built and are prone to failure if the sandbag defence is not well built. Further, the sandbags are heavy to transport and difficult to stack and handle as they are typically irregular in shape and they are not rigid..

There is a need for a flood defence barrier that can be quickly installed. There is a need for a flood defence barrier that does not require heavy materials to be transported and used on site. There is a need for a flood defence barrier that can be easily dismantled. There is a need fora flood defence barrier which is aesthetically pleasing. There is a need for a flood defence barrier that can be moved to a different position or adjusted in size as needed. There is a need for a flood defence barrier that can be semi-temporary, that is that it can be used as a defence for multiple potential floods but is designed to be dismantled and removed or repositioned as needed. There is a need for a flood defence barrier that can withstand the flood water and which has a substantially fixed position which is not undermined by flood water. There is a need for a flood barrier that can store flood water.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a man-made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises an array of coherent man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a first water impermeable layer, wherein the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly, and wherein the second side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a water permeable cover.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flood defence barrier system comprising a plurality of flood defence barrier modules according to the first aspect of the invention.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit for a flood defence barrier system comprising a plurality of coherent man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), a first water impermeable layer, a water permeable cover and a plurality of securing elements.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of constructing a flood defence barrier system comprising: a. providing a plurality of man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), b. providing a first water impermeable layer, c. providing a water permeable cover, d. providing a plurality of securing elements, e. positioning the plurality of MMVF elements on the ground to form a man made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, f. attaching the first water impermeable layer to the first side of the MMVF assembly such that the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly and into the ground, g. positioning the water permeable cover over the second side of the MMVF assembly, and h. securing the MMVF assembly to the ground using the securing elements.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of a man-made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly) as a flood defence barrier, wherein the MMVF assembly comprises an array of coherent man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a first water impermeable layer, wherein the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly, and wherein the second side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a water permeable cover.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a man-made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises an array of coherent man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a first water impermeable layer, wherein the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly, and wherein the second side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a water permeable cover. It is an advantage of the present invention that the flood defence barrier module can be quickly installed. The MMVF assembly has a relatively low weight when it is dry and can thus be easily transported to site. Furthermore, the MMVF assembly can be made from a plurality of MMVF elements which are transported as separate MMVF elements which are easy to handle. When the MMVF assembly absorbs water, it has a much higher weight as the water fills the open pore structure. This means that the flood defence barrier module can be easily installed and is lightweight when transported and heavy when it is required to withstand flood water. The flood defence barrier module is able to withstand high winds as when it is not completely filled with water, and thus has many air voids, the wind will blow through it. When it is filled, or partially filled with water, the weight of the water will mean that it is heavy enough to withstand high winds.

The MMVF assembly is environmentally friendly as it is primarily made from man-made vitreous fibres. Further, the MMVF assembly can be reused or recycled into further products.

Further, the MMVF assembly can be positioned directly onto the ground. A further advantage is that the flood defence barrier module and the flood defence barrier system can be easily dismantled. The construction is simple and the component parts can be separated and transported to a different location. This means that the flood defence barrier module and flood defence barrier system can be moved to a different position or adjusted in size as needed. The flood defence barrier module and flood defence barrier system are semi-temporary, that is they can be used as a defence for multiple potential floods but is designed to be dismantled and removed or repositioned as needed. A further advantage of using a MMVF assembly is that it can be used to grow plants such as grass, seagrass, reeds, flowers and the like. These can be added on construction or may be self-seeded. This makes the flood barrier module aesthetically pleasing.

The first water impermeable layer which protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly has several advantages over known water, sediment and erosion control apparatuses such as the foam barrier disclosed in US5605416. The water impermeable layer of the invention helps to secure the flood defence barrier module to the ground as the first water impermeable layer is designed to be buried in the ground. This increases the structural integrity of the flood defence barrier module and connects it to the ground. Further, the first water impermeable layer prevents the ground underneath the MMVF assembly from being eroded, that is the ground being undermined and washed away as there is a physical barrier preventing flood water from pushing any earth and the like which is under the MMVF assembly out from under the MMVF assembly. This increases the stability of the flood defence barrier module.

It will be appreciated that in use, flood water will be absorbed by the MMVF assembly and contained within the pores of the MMVF assembly and thus stored. The water is prevented from exiting the MMVF assembly on the first side by the first water impermeable layer. This has several advantages over known flood defence barriers such as the flood defence barrier of GB2517726A. This MMVF assembly absorbing flood water helps protect the area behind the flood defence barrier module from the flood water as it is contained within the MMVF assembly and the flood defence barrier module further acts as a physical barrier to any further water that has not been absorbed by the MMVF assembly. This means that even when the MMVF assembly is completely saturated with water, it still acts as a flood defence and the mass of water in the pores of the MMVF assembly, together with the first water impermeable layer secured in the ground act as a physical barrier. When the flood water recedes, the water absorbed by the MMVF assembly can evaporate out of the MMVF assembly, further, water can dissipate out of the MMVF assembly into the surrounding ground and/or back into the body of water. The MMVF assembly therefore acts as a temporary storage of excess water and releases water when the weather and flood conditions improve. It is not necessary for there to be any intervention for the water to be removed from the MMVF assembly and this will occur as the weather conditions improve.

The MMVF assembly also absorbs precipitation such as rain water and the like, which helps reduce the amount of surface water, which helps reduce flooding.

The feature of the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly being opposed allows a large volume of MMVF to be available to absorb water, before the water reaches the first water impermeable layer.

Preferably the water holding capacity of the MMVF assembly is at least about 80 % of the volume of the assembly, preferably about 85 to about 98 %, most preferably about 93 to about 98 %. The greater the water holding capacity, the more water can be stored for a given assembly volume. The water holding capacity of the MMVF assembly is high due to the open pore structure and the MMVF assembly preferably being hydrophilic. It will be appreciated that the volume of the MMVF assembly refers to the volume calculated from the dimensions of the MMVF assembly.

Preferably the amount of water that is retained by the MMVF assembly when it emits water is less than about 20 %vol, preferably less than about 10 %vol, most preferably less than about 5 %vol based on the volume of the assembly. The water retained may be 2 to 20 %vol, such as 5 to 10 %vol. The lower the amount of water retained by the MMVF assembly, the greater the capacity of the MMVF assembly to take on more water.

Preferably the buffering capacity of the MMVF assembly, that is the difference between the maximum amount of water that can be held, and the amount of water that is retained when the MMVF assembly gives off water is at least about 60 %vol, preferably at least about 70 %vol, preferably at least about 80 %vol. The buffering capacity may be 60 to 90 %vol, such as 60 to 85 %vol based on the volume of the assembly. The advantage of such a high buffering capacity is that the MMVF assembly can buffer more water for a given assembly volume, that is the MMVF assembly can store a high volume of water when required and release a high volume of water into the surrounding ground and air once the ground has dried out and the weather conditions have improved. The buffering capacity is so high because MMVF assembly has a lower suction pressure than the surroundings, such as the ground and thus water can dissipate from the MMVF assembly into the ground. Further, water in the MMVF assembly can evaporate.

The water holding capacity, the amount of water retained and the buffering capacity of the MMVF assembly can each be measured in accordance with EN 13041 - 1999.

The man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) can be glass fibres, ceramic fibres, basalt fibres, slag wool, stone wool and others, but are usually stone wool fibres. Stone wool generally has a content of iron oxide at least about 3 % and content of alkaline earth metals (calcium oxide and magnesium oxide) from 10 to 40 %, along with the other usual oxide constituents of MMVF. These are silica; alumina; alkali metals (sodium oxide and potassium oxide) which are usually present in low amounts; and can also include titania and other minor oxides. Fibre diameter is often in the range of 2 to 10 pm, preferably 2 to 5 pm, more preferably 3 to 4 pm.

Preferably, the MMVF elements comprise man-made vitreous fibres bonded with a cured binder composition.

The MMVF elements are in the form of a coherent mass. That is, the MMVF elements are generally a coherent matrix of MMVF fibres, which have been produced as such, but can also be formed by granulating a preformed MMVF product and consolidating the granulated material, such as by curing.

Preferably, a coherent MMVF element means a single unified whole MMVF element, preferably the MMVF fibres are adhered to each other and form a single unified whole MMVF element.

The binder may be any of the binders known for use as binders for coherent MMVF products. The MMVF elements preferably comprise a wetting agent.

Preferably the fibres are arranged substantially vertically. This facilitates water absorption from the top surface of the MMVF assembly and increases the vertical compression strength of the MMVF assembly.

The MMVF elements are preferably hydrophilic, that is they attract water. The MMVF elements may be hydrophilic due to the binder system used. In the binder system, the binder itself may be hydrophilic and/or a wetting agent used.

The hydrophilicity of a sample of MMVF element can be measured by determining the sinking time of a sample. A sample of MMVF element having dimensions of 100x100x65 mm is required for determining the sinking time. A container with a minimum size of 200x200x200 mm is filled with water. The sinking time is the time from when the sample first contacts the water surface to the time when the test specimen is completely submerged. The sample is placed in contact with the water in such a way that a cross- section of 100x100 mm first touches the water. The sample will then need to sink a distance of just over 65mm in order to be completely submerged. The faster the sample sinks, the more hydrophilic the sample is. The MMVF element is considered hydrophilic if the sinking time is less than 120 s. Preferably the sinking time is less than about 60 s, preferably less than about 30 seconds. Normally the MMVF material for MMVF insulation contains oil to make the product hydrophobic. Preferably in the present invention, no oil is added to the MMVF assembly. Surprisingly, this means the MMVF assembly is able to absorb water, even when a hydrophobic binder is used. When the binder is hydrophobic, a wetting agent may additionally be included in the MMVF elements. A wetting agent will increase the amount of water that the MMVF elements can absorb. The use of a wetting agent in combination with a hydrophobic binder results in hydrophilic MMVF elements. The wetting agent may be any of the wetting agents known for use in MMVF products that are used as growth substrates. For instance, it may be a non-ionic wetting agent such as T riton X- 100 or Rewopal. Some non-ionic wetting agents may be washed out of the MMVF assembly over time. It is therefore preferable to use an ionic wetting agent, especially an anionic wetting agent, such as linear alkyl benzene sulphonate or sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES), preferably Texapon. These do not wash out of the MMVF assembly to the same extent.

EP1961291 discloses a method for producing water-absorbing fibre products by interconnecting fibres using a self-curing phenolic resin and under the action of a wetting agent, characterised in that a binder solution containing a self-curing phenolic resin and polyalcohol is used. This type of binder can be used in the present invention. Preferably, in use the wetting agent does not become washed out of the MMVF elements and therefore does not contaminate the surrounding ground.

Further a phenol-urea-formaldehyde binder can be used, or a binder as described in WO201 7/194721.

The binder of the MMVF elements can be hydrophilic. A hydrophilic binder does not require the use of a wetting agent. A wetting agent can nevertheless be used to increase the hydrophilicity of a hydrophilic binder in a similar manner to its action in combination with a hydrophobic binder. This means that the MMVF elements will absorb a higher volume of water than if the wetting agent is not present. Any hydrophilic binder can be used.

The binder may be a formaldehyde-free aqueous binder composition comprising: a binder component (A) obtainable by reacting at least one alkanolamine with at least one carboxylic anhydride and, optionally, treating the reaction product with a base; and a binder component (B) which comprises at least one carbohydrate, as disclosed in W02004/007615. Binders of this type are hydrophilic. WO97/07664 discloses a hydrophilic substrate that obtains its hydrophilic properties from the use of a furan resin as a binder. The use of a furan resin allows the abandonment of the use of a wetting agent. Binders of this type may be used in the present invention.

WO071 29202 discloses a hydrophilic curable aqueous composition wherein said curable aqueous composition is formed in a process comprising combining the following components:

(a) a hydroxy-containing polymer,

(b) a multi-functional crosslinking agent which is at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyacid, salt(s) thereof and an anhydride, and (c) a hydrophilic modifier; wherein the ratio of (a):(b) is from 95:5 to about 35:65.

The hydrophilic modifier can be a sugar alcohol, monosaccharide, disaccharide or oligosaccharide. Examples given include glycerol, sorbitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, glucose syrup and fructose syrup. Binders of this type can be used in the present invention.

Further, a binder composition comprising: a) a sugar component, and b) a reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid component and an alkanolamine component, wherein the binder composition prior to curing contains at least about 42% by weight of the sugar component based on the total weight (dry matter) of the binder components may be used in the present invention, preferably in combination with a wetting agent. Binder levels are preferably in the range 1 to 10 wt%, preferably 2 to 6 wt%, most preferably 3 to 5 wt% based on the weight of the MMVF element.

Levels of wetting agent are preferably in the range 0 to 1 wt%, based on the weight of the MMVF element, in particular in the range 0.2 to 0.8 wt%, especially in the range 0.4 to 0.6 wt%.

The MMVF elements may be made by any of the methods known to those skilled in the art for production of MMVF products. In general, a mineral charge is provided, which is melted in a furnace to form a mineral melt. The melt is then formed into fibres by means of centrifugal fiberisation e.g. using a spinning cup or a cascade spinner, to form a cloud of fibres. These fibres are then collected and consolidated. Binder and optionally wetting agent are usually added at the fiberisation stage by spraying into the cloud of forming fibres. These methods are well known in the art.

Preferably, the first side is a land facing side and the second side is a water facing side. This arrangement facilitates the protection of land from flood water, while allowing the MMVF assembly to absorb water from the water facing side.

Preferably the first side of the MMVF assembly refers to the side or sides of the MMVF assembly facing in a first direction, preferably the land facing direction. The first side may be considered to be the point closest to the land to be protected. Preferably the second side of the of the MMVF assembly refers to the side or sides of the MMVF assembly facing in a second direction, preferably the water facing direction. The second side may be considered to be the point closest to the water.

Preferably, the height of the MMVF assembly is greater at the first side of the MMVF assembly than at the second side of the MMVF assembly. Preferably the height of the module is greater at the first side of the MMVF assembly than at the second side of the MMVF assembly. This allows the flood defence barrier module to protect the area behind the first side of the MMVF assembly effectively by having the highest physical barrier next to the area to be protected. It is advantageous for the second side to be lower as this helps control the flow of water into the MMVF assembly and helps to break any waves. Preferably, the height of the MMVF assembly increases from a minimum height at the second side of the MMVF assembly to a maximum height at the first side of the MMVF assembly, preferably the minimum height is at the part of the second side which is closest to the water, preferably the maximum height is at the part of the first side which is closest to the land to be protected. Preferably, the height of the module increases from a minimum height at the second side of the MMVF assembly to a maximum height at the first side of the MMVF assembly, preferably the minimum height is at the part of the second side which is closest to the water, preferably the maximum height is at the part of the first side which is closest to the land to be protected. This has the advantage of drawing water in on the second side and having a higher physical barrier at the first side.

Preferably the first side is substantially vertical. Preferably the second side is substantially vertical. This is an efficient shape for manufacturing and increases the structural integrity of the MMVF assembly.

The first side may be sloped but is preferably substantially vertical.

The second side may be sloped, preferably the MMVF assembly may be in the form of a wedge. In this embodiment the second side may also form the top surface of the MMVF assembly.

The MMVF assembly may be substantially cuboidal. This is an efficient shape to manufacture and install. Preferably, the MMVF assembly has a stepped configuration, preferably wherein the MMVF elements are arranged to form a stepped configuration, preferably wherein the stepped configuration comprising about 2 to about 6 steps, preferably about 3 to about 5 steps, preferably wherein the steps rise from the second side of the MMVF assembly to the first side of the MMVF assembly. This helps with breaking waves as there is a graduated surface. Further, the steps can be climbed which means they have an additional utility. It is further cost effective to make and install a stepped structure.

The MMVF elements are an efficient way to construct a flood defence barrier. It allows flexibility of choosing an appropriate volume of MMVF assembly for a given use. Further, MMVF elements are easy to handle and install. The MMVF elements preferably comprise features of the MMVF assembly described herein

Preferably, the length of each MMVF element is substantially the same such that when arranged the MMVF assembly has substantially planar end surfaces. This allows efficient building as it makes it easier to line the MMVF elements up.

Preferably each MMVF element is cuboidal. Preferably each MMVF element has a length in the range of about 0.5 m to about 3 m, preferably in the range of about 1 m to about 2 m. Preferably, the or each MMVF element has a width in the range of about 0.5 m to about 1.5 m, preferably in the range of about 0.7 m to about 1.2 m. Preferably the or each MMVF element has a height in the range of about 0.2 m to about 1.5 m, preferably in the range of about 0.25 m to about 1.25 m. Preferably the or each MMVF element has a length of about 2 m and a width of about 0.6 m. Preferably the height of the or each MMVF element defines the height of each part of the flood defence barrier module. Preferably the MMVF elements have different heights to form a stepped surface with substantially even steps, preferably wherein the difference in height between adjacent steps is substantially the same. Preferably the difference in height between adjacent MMVF elements is in the range of about 0.2 m to about 0.4 m, preferably about 0.2 m to about 0.3 m, for example, the height of each step may be about 0.25m This is a suitable way to build a flood defence barrier module.

Preferably, the MMVF assembly comprises a plurality of MMVF elements of substantially the same size, preferably wherein the height of each MMVF element is the height of each step in a stepped configuration, preferably wherein the lowest step is one MMVF element high and each subsequent step is one MMVF element higher the preceding step. This allows a first step to have a height of one MMVF element, a second step to have a height of two MMVF elements, a third step to have a height of three MMVF elements etc. Multiple MMVF elements may make up the height of each step. It is particularly advantageous to use multiple MMVF elements of the same size as this makes the MMVF assembly easy to build in the desired shape and size.

In a similar way, the MMVF assembly preferably comprises multiple MMVF elements of the same size to make the required length and/or width of the module. It will be appreciated that it is advantageous for substantially all of the MMVF elements forming the MMVF assembly to be substantially the same size, however one or more different sized MMVF elements may be used, such as when a dimension of the MMVF assembly cannot be made from whole MMVF elements, but require only a portion of an MMVF element, or one or more MMVF elements and an additional portion of an MMVF element is required. The dimension may be the height, length or width of the module, preferably the length of the module.

Preferably, the height of the MMVF assembly at the second side is in the range of about 0.1 m to about 0.5 m, preferably about 0.2 m to about 0.4 m, preferably this is at the part of the second side which is closest to the water. It is advantageous for the second side to act as a wave breaker.

Preferably the MMVF assembly has a stepped surface. This may be integrally formed or formed from a number of MMVF elements.

Preferably, the MMVF elements are arranged to form a stepped configuration, preferably wherein the MMVF elements form a common base surface and individual top surfaces at different distances from the base surface. This is an efficient way to make a stepped configuration. Preferably the common base surface is the base of the MMVF assembly.

Preferably, the MMVF elements are connected to each other, such as using an adhesive or a connector. Preferably the MMVF elements are connected at discrete spots. This allows the water to pass through adjacent MMVF elements. This helps the handling and installation of the MMVF elements.

Preferably, the height and depth of each step is each independently in the range of about 0.2 m to about 0.4m, preferably about 0.2 m to about 0.3 m. Such sizes are useful for steps that a person may climb.

Preferably the first water impermeable layer is provided on substantially all of the first side of the MMVF assembly. This maximises the protection of the land from flood water. Preferably, in use, the first water impermeable layer protrudes into the ground, preferably wherein the MMVF assembly is positioned on the ground. This helps anchor the flood defence barrier module into the ground and increases its structural stability.

Preferably, the first water impermeable layer protrudes at least about 10 cm below the base of the MMVF assembly, preferably about 10 cm to about 40 cm, preferably about 20 cm to about 30cm. Preferably the base of the MMVF assembly is a base surface, preferably a common base surface, preferably a substantially planar base surface. The base is the surface of the MMVF assembly that is in contact with the ground, that is placed onto the ground, that is often a substantially horizontal surface. The base may be the base surface of the MMVF element closest to the first water impermeable layer. The first water impermeable layer is particularly effective when it has the preferred protrusions as this balances the structural advantages of the layer, with the need to dig or force the first water impermeable layer into the ground. The base of the module is preferably the base of the MMVF assembly.

Preferably, the flood defence barrier module comprises securing elements for securing the flood defence barrier module to the ground, preferably wherein the securing elements secure the water permeable cover to the MMVF assembly. It is advantageous to secure the flood defence barrier module to the ground to prevent movement. While the first water impermeable layer acts to secure the barrier module to the ground, and any absorbed water helps to weigh the barrier module down, it is advantageous to have additional securing elements. Further, these elements can help secure the water permeable cover to the MMVF assembly. This dual function leads to efficient constructions.

Preferably the securing elements are in the form of ground penetrating spikes, preferably wherein the spikes penetrate through the MMVF assembly, or a MMVF element. This is a convenient way to secure the MMVF assembly to the ground. Preferably the securing elements comprise metal, preferably the securing elements are metal spikes. Other securing elements such as plates, pegs or tubes may be used, preferably these comprise metal.

Each flood defence barrier module may comprise one or more securing elements, preferably the securing elements are up to about 2 m apart along the length of the flood defence barrier module, preferably about 0.5 m to about 2 m apart, preferably about 1 m to about 1.5 m apart, preferably about 1 m apart. These distances also apply to a flood defence barrier system as described below.

Preferably, the maximum height of the MMVF assembly is in the range of about 0.5 m to about 1.5 m, preferably in the range of about 0.7 m to about 1.2 m, preferably wherein the maximum height of the MMVF assembly is at the first side of the MMVF assembly. Preferably the maximum height of the module is in the range of about 0.5 m to about 1.5 m, preferably in the range of about 0.7 m to about 1.2 m, preferably wherein the maximum height of the module is at the first side of the MMVF assembly. This is a suitable height to act as a physical barrier, while having an appropriate volume of MMVF to absorb water.

Preferably, the height of the MMVF assembly at the second side is in the range of about 0.1 m to about 0.5 m, preferably about 0.2 m to about 0.4 m, preferably this is at the part of the second side which is closest to the water. Preferably, the height of the module at the second side of the MMVF assembly is in the range of about 0.1 m to about 0.5 m, preferably about 0.2 m to about 0.4 m, preferably this is at the part of the second side which is closest to the water. It is advantageous for the second side to act as a wave breaker.

Preferably, the width of the MMVF assembly at the base is in the range of about 0.5 m to about 1.5 m, preferably in the range of about 0.7 m to about 1.2 m. Such widths allow an appropriate volume of MMVF assembly to absorb water, while increasing the distance between the water and the land to be protected. Preferably, the width of the module at the base is in the range of about 0.5 m to about 1.5 m, preferably in the range of about 0.7 m to about 1.2 m.

Preferably, the width of the MMVF assembly at the base is greater than the maximum height of the MMVF assembly. Preferably, the width of the module at the base is greater than the maximum height of the module. This enhances the stability of the flood defence barrier module.

Preferably, the length of the MMVF assembly is in the range of about 0.5m to about 2 m, preferably in the range of about 1 m to about 1.5 m. Preferably, the length of the module is in the range of about 0.5m to about 2 m, preferably in the range of about 1 m to about 1.5 m. These are appropriate sizes to allow efficient construction. Preferably, the maximum height of the MMVF assembly is less than the width of the MMVF assembly at the base. Preferably, the maximum height of the module is less than the width of the module at the base This enhances the stability of the flood defence barrier module.

Preferably, the width of the MMVF assembly is greatest at the base of the MMVF assembly. Preferably, the width of the module is greatest at the base of the module. This results in a stable construction.

Preferably, the density of the MMVF elements is in the range of about 50 kg/m³ to about 200 kg/m³, preferably about 75 kg/m³ to about 150 kg/m³, preferably about 90 to about 120 kg/m³. Such densities give the flood defence barrier module sufficient strength.

Preferably, a second water impermeable layer is provided on the base of the MMVF assembly. Preferably the base of the MMVF assembly is a base surface, preferably a common base surface, preferably a substantially planar base surface. The base is the surface of the MMVF assembly that is in contact with the ground, that is placed onto the ground, that is often a substantially horizontal surface. This has the advantage of protecting the ground from the flood water as the water cannot dissipate through the base. This helps prevent erosion of the ground under the module.

Preferably, in use, the MMVF assembly absorbs water, such as flood water or precipitation. Preferably the MMVF assembly absorbs water through the second side and/or a top surface, preferably through both the second side and the top surface. This means that water that reaches the second side, and which reaches the top surface, such as a wave, can be absorbed by the MMVF assembly. The top surface is the upper facing surface in use.

Preferably, a third water impermeable layer is provided on at least part of the second side of the MMVF assembly, preferably on the part of the second side closest to the ground in use, preferably on all of the second side, preferably wherein the top surface of the MMVF assembly does not comprise a water impermeable layer. This protects the second side of the MMVF assembly from the water and allows better control of the absorption of flood water, by not focussing the water absorption on the second side of the MMVF assembly. Further, it reduces the likelihood of water undermining the ground by erosion. Preferably the or each water impermeable layer comprises, metal, plastic, or concrete, preferably metal or plastic, preferably metal. These materials are easy to install and help prevent water from passing through the first side of the MMVF assembly.

Preferably, the or each water impermeable layer is planar. This is an easy way to install the layer.

Preferably, the or each water impermeable layer is a metal sheet or a plastic sheet, preferably a metal sheet. These are durable materials with sufficient rigidity.

Preferably, the water permeable cover comprises a netting (preferably stretch metal, wire mesh, plastic netting), a perforated plate (preferably a perforated metal plate, a perforated plastic sheet) or a layer (preferably artificial grass) or a combination of two or more thereof, preferably stretch metal or wire mesh. Such materials can be shaped to the configuration of the MMVF assembly and provide protection from wear, whilst allowing water to pass through and be absorbed by the MMVF assembly.

Preferably, the water permeable cover is shaped to fit over the MMVF assembly, preferably over substantially all of the top surface and/or the second side of the MMVF assembly, preferably over substantially all of the top surface and the second side of the MMVF assembly.

Preferably, the water permeable cover goes over the top surface and the second side of the MMVF assembly. This protects the MMVF assembly from wear and tear.

The present invention also relates to a flood defence barrier system comprising a plurality of flood defence barrier modules as described herein.

Preferably, the flood defence barrier modules are arranged end to end. Preferably this means that the first side of a module is next to the first side of the next module, and the second side of a module is next to a second side of the next module. This allows a barrier of the desired length to be formed. The flood defence barrier system further comprises any of the features of the flood defence barrier module. Preferably the flood defence barrier modules are provided with matching/cooperating end surfaces. This facilitates the connection of adjacent flood defence barrier modules.

Preferably the MMVF elements are arranged in a grid formation or a staggered formation. These are suitable ways to arrange the MMVF elements.

Preferably, adjacent first water impermeable layers are sealed with a seal, preferably using a water-tight seal, preferably tape, silicon, adhesive, a gasket, a rubber sealant or a combination of two or more thereof. This improves the structural integrity of the flood defence barrier system.

Preferably, the first water impermeable layer, the second water impermeable layer, the third water impermeable layer and the water permeable cover may each independently extend over at least part of one or more module. This allows for efficient construction and means that the barrier system is not required to comprise multiple discrete modules.

The present invention also relates to a kit for a flood defence barrier system comprising a plurality of coherent man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), a first water impermeable layer, a water permeable cover and a plurality of securing elements..

Preferably, the kit comprises one or more flood defence barrier modules as described herein.

Such a kit can be used to make the flood defence barrier system of the invention.

The kit preferably further comprise a seal, preferably tape, silicon, adhesive, a gasket, a rubber sealant or a combination of two or more thereof.

Preferably, the kit further comprises any of the features of the flood defence barrier module and system as described herein.

The present invention also relates to method of constructing a flood defence barrier system comprising: a. providing a plurality of man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), b. providing a first water impermeable layer, c. providing a water permeable cover, d. providing a plurality of securing elements, e. positioning the plurality of MMVF elements on the ground to form a man-made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, f. attaching the first water impermeable layer to the first side of the MMVF assembly such that the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly and into the ground, g. positioning the water permeable cover over the second side of the MMVF assembly, and h. securing the MMVF assembly to the ground using the securing elements, preferably wherein the securing elements secure the water permeable cover to the MMVF assembly.

Preferably, the method further comprises any of the features of the flood defence barrier module, system and kit as described herein.

The present invention also relates to the use of a man-made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly) as a flood defence barrier, wherein the MMVF assembly comprises an array of coherent man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a first water impermeable layer, wherein the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly, and wherein the second side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a water permeable cover.

Preferably, the use further comprises any of the features of the flood defence barrier module, system, kit and method as described herein. Example embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures, in which

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a flood defence barrier module.

Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a flood defence barrier module.

Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a flood defence barrier module.

Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a flood defence barrier module.

Figure 5 shows a front view of a flood defence barrier module.

Figure 6 shows a rear view of a flood defence barrier module.

Figure 7 shows a front view of a flood defence barrier system.

Figure 8 shows a front view of a flood defence barrier system.

Figure 9 shows a rear view of a flood defence barrier system.

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a flood defence barrier module 1. A M M VF assembly 3 is shown with a first side 5 and a second side 9. A first water impermeable layer 7 is provided on the first side 5 of the MMVF assembly 3. The first water impermeable layer 7 protrudes below the base 15 of the MMVF assembly 3. The first water impermeable layer 7 is shown to extend the full height of the first side 5 of the MMVF assembly 3. The second side 9 of the MMVF assembly 3 is provided with a water permeable cover 11. The water permeable cover 11 is shown to cover the second side 9 and the top surface 13 of the MMVF assembly 3. The MMVF assembly 3 is shown to have a stepped configuration with 3 steps, although other numbers of steps are envisaged.

Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the flood defence barrier module 1 shown in figure 1 installed in the ground 17. As shown the base 15 of the MMVF assembly 3 is positioned on the ground 17, with the first water impermeable layer 7 protruding into the ground. The stepped configuration of the MMVF assembly 3 is shown to rise from the water side 23 to the land side 21. As positioned, the first water impermeable layer 7 is furthest from the water 19. The water level 19, is shown to be contained by the ground 17. When flooding occurs, the flood defence barrier module 1 is designed to prevent flood water from reaching the land side 21 by absorbing water and by acting as a physical barrier. As shown, water can be absorbed by the MMVF assembly 3 via the top surface 13 and the second side 9. The MMVF assembly 3 is shown to have a stepped configuration with three steps, although other numbers of steps are envisaged. A securing element 33 is shown in the form of a spike to secure the water permeable cover 11 to the MMVF assembly 3. Further the securing element 33 secures the MMVF assembly to the ground 17. The securing element 33 is shown on the bottom step of the MMVF assembly 3 but may be positioned in other and additional steps.

Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a flood defence barrier module. The MMVF assembly 3 is shown formed of three MMVF elements 27a, 27b and 27c. The MMVF elements 27a, 27b and 27c form a stepped shape with all elements having a base 15 with a common base surface. MMVF element 27c forms that lowest step, with MMVF element 27b having substantially twice the height of MMVF element 27 c and MMVF element 27a having substantially three times the height of MMVF element 27c. In this way, each step is substantially the same height. MMVF element 27a, is shown as a single MMVF element, and may be made from three MMVF elements, each the same height of MMVF element 27c. MMVF element 27b, shown as a single MMVF element may be made from two MMVF elements, each the same height of MMVF element 27c. This would allow multiple MMVF elements of substantially the same size to make up the MMVF assembly 3. A first water impermeable layer 7 is provided on the first side 5 of the MMVF assembly 3 and protrudes below the base 15. A second water impermeable layer 29 is provided on the base layer 15 of the MMVF assembly 3. A third water impermeable layer 31 is provided on the second side 9 of the MMVF element 27c. A water permeable cover 11 is shown over the second side 9 and top surface 13 of the MMVF assembly 3.

Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a flood defence barrier module 1. The MMVF assembly 3 is wedge shaped, with the first side 5 shown as substantially vertical. A first water impermeable layer 7 is provided on the first side 5 of the MMVF assembly 3 and protrudes below the base 15. The second side 9 and the top surface 13 are shown as the same surface, with a water permeable cover 11 provided over them.

Figure 5 shows a front view of a flood defence barrier module 1. This is shown from the water facing side. The MMVF assembly 3 is shown formed of three MMVF elements 27a, 27b and 27c. The MMVF assembly 3 is shown provided with a water permeable cover 11. The base 15 of the MMVF assembly 3 is positioned on the ground 17.

Figure 6 shows a rear view of a flood defence barrier module 1. This is shown from the land facing side. The MMVF assembly 3 is shown provided with a first water impermeable layer 7 which extends into the ground 17. Figure 7 shows a front view of a flood defence barrier system 35. This is shown from the water facing side. Three flood defence barrier modules 1 a, 1 b and 1 c are shown arranged adjacent to each other. Each flood defence barrier module is shown formed of three MMVF elements 27a-27i. These are arranged in a grid formation. It will be appreciated that further modules can form part of the flood defence barrier system 35. A water permeable cover 11 is shown over all of the flood defence barrier modules 1 a, 1 b and 1 c.

Figure 8 shows a front view of a flood defence barrier system 35. This is shown from the water facing side. Three flood defence barrier modules 1 a, 1 b and 1 c are shown arranged adjacent to each other. Each flood defence barrier module is shown formed of three MMVF elements 27a-27i. These are arranged in a staggered formation along the length, such that the middle MMVF elements 27b, 27e and 27h overlap with adjacent top MMVF elements and bottom MMVF elements. It will be appreciated that further modules can form part of the flood defence barrier system 35.

Figure 9 shows a rear view of a flood defence barrier system 35. This is shown from the land facing side. Three flood defence barrier modules 1a, 1b and 1c are shown arranged adjacent to each other. A first water impermeable layer 7a, 7b and 7c are each provided on flood defence barrier modules 1 a, 1 b and 1 c respectively. A seal 37a is shown between first water impermeable layers 7a and 7b. A seal 37b is shown between first water impermeable layers 7b and 7c. It will be appreciated that further modules can form part of the flood defence barrier system 35.

Within this specification embodiments have been described in a way which enables a clear and concise specification to be written, but it is intended and will be appreciated that embodiments may be variously combined or separated without parting from the invention. For example, it will be appreciated that all preferred features described herein are applicable to all aspects of the invention described herein and vice versa.

Wthin this specification, reference to features of the MMVF elements, preferably means at least one of the MMVF elements, preferably substantially all of the MMVF elements, preferably all of the MMVF elements.

Wthin this specification, a plurality preferably means at least two, preferably at least three. Within this specification, an array preferably means at least two, preferably at least three, preferably an ordered arrangement.

Wthin this specification, the term "about" means plus or minus 20%, more preferably plus or minus 10%, even more preferably plus or minus 5%, most preferably plus or minus 2%.

Wthin this specification, the term "substantially" means a deviation of plus or minus 20%, more preferably plus or minus 10%, even more preferably plus or minus 5%, most preferably plus or minus 2%.

Wthin this specification, reference to “substantially” includes reference to “completely” and/or “exactly”. That is, where the word substantially is included, it will be appreciated that this also includes reference to the particular sentence without the word substantially.

Wthin this specification, reference to “prevents” includes substantially prevents and completely prevents.

Wthin this specification, “water impermeable layer” means that in use in the present invention, substantially no water passes from one side of the layer, through the layer to the other side.

Wthin this specification, “water permeable cover” means that in use in the present invention, water may base from one side of the cover, through the cover to the other side.

It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without diminishing its attendant advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications are covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A flood defence barrier module comprising a man-made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises an array of coherent man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a first water impermeable layer, wherein the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly, and wherein the second side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a water permeable cover.

2. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, wherein the first side is a land facing side and the second side is a water facing side.

3. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, wherein the height of the MMVF assembly is greater at the first side of the MMVF assembly than at the second side of the MMVF assembly, preferably wherein the height of the MMVF assembly increases from a minimum height at the second side of the MMVF assembly to a maximum height at the first side of the MMVF assembly, preferably wherein the MMVF assembly has a stepped configuration, preferably wherein the MMVF elements are arranged to form a stepped configuration, preferably wherein the stepped configuration comprising about 2 to about 6 steps, preferably about 3 to about 5 steps, preferably wherein the steps rise from the second side of the MMVF assembly to the first side of the MMVF assembly.

4. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, wherein the length of each MMVF element is substantially the same such that when arranged the MMVF assembly has substantially planar end surfaces, preferably wherein the MMVF elements form a common base surface and individual top surfaces at different distances from the base surface, preferably wherein the height and depth of each step is each independently in the range of about 0.2 m to about 0.4m, preferably about 0.2 m to about 0.3 m.

5. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, wherein in use, the first water impermeable layer protrudes into the ground, preferably wherein the MMVF assembly is positioned on the ground; and/or wherein the first water impermeable layer protrudes at least about 10 cm below the base of the MMVF assembly, preferably about 10 cm to about 40 cm, preferably about 20 cm to about 30cm.

6. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, comprising securing elements for securing the flood defence barrier module to the ground, preferably wherein the securing elements secure the water permeable cover to the MMVF assembly, and/or wherein the securing elements are metal spikes.

7. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, wherein the maximum height of the MMVF assembly is in the range of about 0.5 m to about 1.5 m, preferably in the range of about 0.7 m to about 1.2 m, preferably wherein the maximum height of the MMVF assembly is at the first side of the MMVF assembly; and/or wherein the height of the MMVF assembly at the second side is in the range of about 0.1 m to about 0.5 m, preferably about 0.2 m to about 0.4 m; and/or wherein the width of the MMVF assembly at the base is in the range of about 0.5 m to about 1.5 m, preferably in the range of about 0.7 m to about 1.2 m; and/or wherein the width of the MMVF assembly at the base is greater than the maximum height of the MMVF assembly; and/or wherein the length of the MMVF assembly is in the range of about 0.5 m to about 2 m, preferably in the range of about 1 m to about 1.5 m; and/or wherein the maximum height of the MMVF assembly is less than the width of the MMVF assembly at the base.

8. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, wherein the density of the MMVF elements is in the range of about 50 kg/m³ to about 200 kg/m³, preferably about 75 kg/m³ to about 150 kg/m³, preferably about 90 to about 120 kg/m³.

9. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, wherein the MMVF elements are hydrophilic, preferably wherein the MMVF elements comprise a hydrophilic binder and/or a wetting agent.

10. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, wherein a second water impermeable layer is provided on the base of the MMVF assembly; and/or wherein a third water impermeable layer is provided on at least part of the second side of the MMVF assembly, preferably on the part of the second side closest to the ground in use, preferably on all of the second side, preferably wherein the top surface of the MMVF assembly does not comprise a water impermeable layer.

11. A flood defence barrier module according to any preceding claim, wherein the or each water impermeable layer comprises, metal, plastic, or concrete, and/or wherein the or each water impermeable layer is planar; and/or wherein the water permeable cover comprises a netting, a perforated plate or a layer, preferably wherein the water permeable cover comprises stretch metal, wire mesh, plastic netting, a perforated metal plate, a perforated plastic sheet, artificial grass or a combination of two or more thereof, preferably stretch metal or wire mesh.

12. A flood defence barrier system comprising a plurality of flood defence barrier modules according to any preceding claim.

13. A kit for a flood defence barrier system comprising a plurality of coherent man made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), a first water impermeable layer, a water permeable cover and a plurality of securing elements.

14. A method of constructing a flood defence barrier system comprising: a. providing a plurality of man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), b. providing a first water impermeable layer, c. providing a water permeable cover, d. providing a plurality of securing elements, e. positioning the plurality of MMVF elements on the ground to form a man made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, f. attaching the first water impermeable layer to the first side of the MMVF assembly such that the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly and into the ground, g. positioning the water permeable cover over the second side of the MMVF assembly, and h. securing the MMVF assembly to the ground using the securing elements, preferably wherein the securing elements secure the water permeable cover to the MMVF assembly.

15. Use of a man-made vitreous fibre assembly (MMVF assembly) as a flood defence barrier, wherein the MMVF assembly comprises an array of coherent man-made vitreous fibre elements (MMVF elements), wherein the MMVF assembly comprises a first side, a second side and a base, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly and the second side of the MMVF assembly are opposed, wherein the first side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a first water impermeable layer, wherein the first water impermeable layer protrudes below the base of the MMVF assembly, and wherein the second side of the MMVF assembly is provided with a water permeable cover.