WO2021074318A1 - Module and method for manufacturing a module intended to form a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a module (100) intended to partially form at least a portion of a building (200), the module (100) being characterised in that it comprises at least: a. a first support layer (110); b. a second support layer (120); c. a plurality of studs (130); d. a printing volume (132); e. an insulation layer (150); f. a first finishing layer (140); g. a second finishing layer (160).

Description

"Module and method of manufacturing a module intended to form a building" TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the field of building construction. It finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of house construction.

STATE OF THE ART

Today, the process of constructing a building or a house is mainly composed of two sets of activities: a. A first so-called heavy-duty activity which includes the construction of the building structure, generally therefore including heavy masonry work. b. A second so-called finishing activity which includes various electrical, plumbing and painting work. These two activities are generally interrelated during a building construction site.

Usually, these two activities lead to delays and cumbersome implementation.

An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a solution to at least part of these problems.

The other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent on examination of the following description and the accompanying drawings. It is understood that other advantages can be incorporated. ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a building comprising at least the following steps, preferably carried out by a plurality of robotic devices, preferably automatically, and advantageously independently: at. Provision, preferably by a robotic device, of at least a first module having the function of partially forming at least one of a wall, a floor, a pillar, a beam, a ceiling, a foundation, a roof, said module comprising at least: i. A first support layer, preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face extending mainly in a first plane; ii. A second support layer, preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face extending mainly along a second plane parallel to the first plane; iii. A plurality of pads, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably being of printed polymer, preferably distributed in an intermediate plane parallel to the foreground, preferably in a grid, keeping the first support layer and the base at a distance. second support layer from one another, this plurality of pads defining a volume, called print volume, between the first support layer and the second support layer; iv. Said print volume is intended to receive at least one hardening material arranged in successive layers defining a laminated structure printed in said print volume; v. A functional layer carried by the first and / or the second support layer, the functional layer being configured to perform at least one function taken from a drainage function and an insulation function; vi. A first finishing layer carried by the first support layer; vii. A second finishing layer carried by the second support layer; b. Arrangement of the module according to its function, preferably by a robotic device; The arrangement of the module comprises, for example, its positioning in a precise location and its orientation; vs. Printing of a hardening material in the module by at least one three-dimensional printing device, preferably robotized, the printing step being configured so that the ratio between the printing rate and the hardening time of the hardening material is configured so that the force generated by the pressure applied to the walls of the print volume by the hardening material is less than a threshold value beyond which the first plane and the second plane deviate or incline one by one with respect to the other, preferably deviate by a distance of more than X% or deviate to have an inclination greater than X%, X being equal to 5, preferably to 2 and advantageously to 1.

The present invention thus makes it possible to pre-manufacture modules. These modules are lightweight since they have a hollow volume formed by the printing volume.

The present invention thus allows storage and transport, as well as simple, fast, reliable and easy handling of the modules. The present invention thus makes it possible to position the module in its place and place in order to be immobilized there by the printing of a hardening material in the printing volume.

The present invention thus makes it possible to strengthen the mechanical strength of the modules in a simple, rapid, automated and reliable manner using three-dimensional printing technology.

In a clever way, the printing of the hardening material is carried out so that the pressure exerted by the not yet solidified printed hardening material generates a spreading force on the first support layer and the second support layer which is less than a threshold. of rupture equal to the retention force of the modulus before printing added to the retention force of the layers already printed and already solidified, or even in the course of solidification.

The impression of the curing material in the print volume is configured so that the pressure generated by the material being printed is below a predetermined modulus failure threshold. Typically, a conventional solution of pouring a hardening material such as concrete into the interior of the modulus would result in rupture or deformation of the modulus. The dispensation of the print-hardening material, as contemplated by the invention, in turn allows the integrity of the module and good parallelism of the first and second support layers to be maintained.

Once printing is complete, the module can be freestanding.

The present invention also relates to a building, preferably formed in part at least by the method according to the present invention, comprising a plurality of modules, each module of the plurality of modules having the function of partially forming at least one of a number of modules. wall, floor, ceiling, foundation, pillar, beam, roof, each module comprising at least: a. A first support layer, preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face extending mainly in a first plane; b. A second support layer, preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face extending mainly along a second plane parallel to the first plane; vs. A plurality of pads, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably being in printed polymer, distributed, preferably in a grid, in an intermediate plane parallel to the first plane, keeping the first support layer and the second at a distance. support layer from one another, this plurality of pads defining a volume, called print volume, between the first support layer and the second support layer; d. Said print volume encloses at least one hardening material, preferably having a layered structure in said print volume; e. A functional layer carried by the first and / or the second support layer, the functional layer being configured to perform at least one function taken from a drainage function and an insulation function; f. A first finishing layer carried by the first support layer; g. A second finishing layer carried by the second support layer;

Said building comprising walls, at least one floor and at least one ceiling in which at least part of the walls is formed by at least part of the modules of the plurality of molds, in which at least part of the floors is formed by a another part of the modules of the plurality of modules, and in which at least part of the ceiling is formed by another part of the modules of the plurality of modules.

The present invention also relates to a module intended to form part of a building, said module being characterized in that it comprises at least: a. A first support layer having an inner face extending mainly in a foreground; b. A second support layer having an inner face extending mainly in a second plane parallel to the foreground; vs. A plurality of pads keeping the first support layer and the second support layer at a distance from each other, this plurality of pads defining a volume, called the print volume, between the first support layer and the second layer support; d. Said print volume is configured to receive at least one hardening material arranged in successive layers defining a laminate structure imprinted in said print volume; e. A functional layer carried by the first and / or the second support layer, the functional layer being configured to provide at least one function taken from a drainage function and an insulation function; f. A first finishing layer carried by the first support layer; g. A second topcoat carried by the second layer of support.

The present invention makes it possible to design structural elements of a building off the construction site, for example, and to bring these elements in order to assemble them on the construction site of the building. Thus, each module forms a module. The assembly of different modules makes it possible to form a building.

Advantageously, these modules are finalized in the sense that they already include the topcoats, for example paint, tiles, parquet, etc. and all that remains is to immobilize them on site.

The present invention provides a robust, lightweight and pre-finished module that only needs to be immobilized on site by printing inside a hardening material such as concrete.

The present invention makes it possible to design building modules in an automated manner, at low cost and quickly.

The present invention uses the principle of 3D printing in order to fill and / or immobilize these modules on site by printing a hardening material therein in a dedicated volume. The ratio of print rate to curing time is configured so that the pressure applied to the walls of the print volume is less than the mechanical strength limit value of the first and second support layers. The printing rate is, for example, the rate at which the hardening material is dispensed during printing.

The curing time is the time required for the dispensed curing material to harden enough that a user cannot leave a mark on it with their finger. If the user by pressing his finger on the hardening material with the sole force of his body manages to form a cavity in the hardening material of at least 5 and preferably 2 millimeters, then the hardening material is not hardened and the hardening time is not reached.

The present invention thus makes it possible to create a stock of prefabricated modules ready for assembly on site, and not requiring finalization thereafter.

These modules are already painted, have passages for electrical cables for example or for plumbing.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can already include electrical cables (power cable, network, video, etc.), pipes or plumbing elements and even ducts and ventilation elements.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more sensors such as for example: temperature sensor, humidity sensor, wind speed measurement, air pollution, motion sensor, security camera.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more detectors such as for example: smoke detector, carbon monoxide, movement, opening for door and window, flood.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more actuators such as for example to open and close a window, a shutter, a door, a blind.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more measuring instruments, such as for example: Electricity, water and gas meter. Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more multimedia installations, such as, for example: speakers included in the wall or in the ceiling, white canvas for an overhead projector, home cinema.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include windows, doors, gutters, heating installations already installed.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more renewable energy production facilities such as solar panels and / or geothermal energy systems already installed.

The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing at least one module according to the present invention comprising at least the following steps: a. Three-dimensional printing of the first support layer, preferably of polymer; b. Three-dimensional printing of the second support layer, preferably of polymer; vs. Three-dimensional printing of the plurality of pads on the internal face of one of at least the first and the second support layer; d. Three-dimensional printing of the first topcoat on the outer face of the first support layer; e. Realization of the functional layer on the external face of the second grid; f. Three-dimensional printing of the second topcoat on the outer side of the functional layer.

The present invention also relates to a building portion comprising a plurality of modules according to the present invention, the building portion forming one of: a wall, a floor, a ceiling, a pillar, a foundation and a beam.

The present invention also relates to a wall intended to partly form a building comprising at least one module according to the present invention.

The present invention also relates to a floor intended to partly form a building comprising at least one module according to the present invention.

The present invention also relates to a ceiling intended to partially form a building comprising a module according to the present invention.

The present invention also relates to a pillar intended to partly form a building comprising a plurality of modules according to the present invention.

The present invention also relates to a beam intended to partially form a building comprising a plurality of modules according to the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of an embodiment thereof which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a portion of a module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a first grid seen from below according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of the first grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a plurality of pads according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a plurality of studs partially supporting at least one frame according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a plurality of studs partially supporting at least one frame according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 represents a view from below of the first grid comprising a plurality of studs partially supporting at least one frame according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 represents the first grid surmounted by a first layer of mechanical reinforcement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 9 shows the first layer of mechanical reinforcement surmounted by a first coating layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 represents the superposition of the first grid and of the second grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 represents the superposition of the first grid and of the second grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 12 shows the installation of a frame intended to partially form an insulation layer on the outer face of the second grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 13 shows the three-dimensional impression of a first additional mechanical reinforcement layer on the outer face of the second grid in the space defined by the frame according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 14 shows the three-dimensional impression of an insulator in the space defined by the frame according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 15 shows the positioning of a cover over the printed insulation according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 16 shows an insulation layer and the printing of a second topcoat on its outer face according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 17 shows a first step in forming moldings according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 18 shows the formation of moldings according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 19 shows the formation of moldings according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 20 shows a sectional view of a portion of a module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 21 shows a first grid seen from below according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 represents a perspective view of the first grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a first subset of pads according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a first sub-assembly of studs partially supporting at least one first frame according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 25 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a first sub-set of studs partially supporting at least a first frame and a second sub-set of studs partly supporting at least one second frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 represents the first grid surmounted by a first layer of mechanical reinforcement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 27 shows the first grid topped with a first topcoat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 28 shows the formation of moldings on the first coating layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 29 shows the formation of moldings on the first coating layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 shows the second grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 31 shows the installation of a frame on the outer face of the second grid, this frame being intended to partially form an insulation layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 32 shows an insulation layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 33 shows the positioning of a calorific fluid pipe on the outer face of the insulation layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 34 shows the three-dimensional impression of a second layer of mechanical reinforcement embedding said pipe with heat transfer fluid according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 35 shows the positioning of tile slabs on the outer face of the second layer of mechanical reinforcement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 36 shows the storage of a module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 37 shows an exploded view of a house according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 38 shows a sectional view of the house in exploded view illustrated in Figure 37 according to an embodiment of the present invention

Figure 39 illustrates two walls according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 40 illustrates a sectional view of a wall according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 41 illustrates a sectional view of a wall according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 42 illustrates a sectional view of a wall being filled with a printed hardening material according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 43 illustrates a sectional view of a first face of a pillar or a beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 44 illustrates a perspective view of the first face of a pillar or beam according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 45 illustrates the four faces of a pillar or beam according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 46 illustrates an exploded view of a pillar according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 47 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a pillar or beam according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 48 illustrates a perspective view of a pillar or beam according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 49 illustrates an exploded view of a house resting on a floating platform according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 50 illustrates an exploded cross-sectional view of a house resting on a floating platform according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 51 illustrates a perspective view of a floating platform according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 52 illustrates a perspective view of an open book module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 53 illustrates a perspective view of an open book module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 54 illustrates a sectional view of a module in which the functional layer comprises a drainage layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 55 illustrates a perspective view of a module in which the functional layer comprises a drainage layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The drawings are given by way of example and are not limiting of the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily on the scale of practical applications. In particular, the dimensions are not representative of reality.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before starting a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, optional features are listed below which can optionally be used in combination or alternatively:

According to one embodiment, the printing step is configured such that the ratio between the printing flow rate and the curing time of the curing material is configured so that the force generated by the pressure applied to the walls of the volume of impression by the hardening material is less than a threshold value beyond which the first plane and the second plane deviate by a distance of more than 5% or deviate to present an inclination greater than 5%, preferably at - beyond which the foreground and the second plan deviate by a distance of more than 3% or deviate to have an incline greater than 3%.

According to one embodiment, the first module is configured to form a ground and in which the first module comprises at least one hinge element and in which the first support layer is articulated in rotation with respect to the second support layer by the intermediate of the hinge element so as to allow the alternating passage from a first position in which the first and second planes are parallel to each other to a second position in which the first and second planes are inclined together with respect to the other, the alternating passage from the first position to the second position being effected by rotation about an axis parallel to the first plane and / or to the second plane, and in which said step of printing the hardening material in the module by at least one three-dimensional printing device is carried out: a. after the following steps: i. Horizontal layout of the module; ii. Passage from the first position to the second position, preferably by a robotic device; b. before the next step: i. Passage from the second position to the first position, preferably by a robotic device.

According to one embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises the supply, preferably by a robotic device, of at least a first module having the function of partially forming at least one of a wall, a floor, a pillar, a beam, a ceiling, a foundation, a roof, and the first and / or the second module comprise at least one junction element configured to provide the mechanical junction between the first module and the second module.

According to one embodiment, the robotic device (s) can comprise or use a camera configured to allow intelligent recognition of the module (s) (wall, ceiling, roof, etc.) to be assembled together. This intelligent recognition of the module allows the robotic device to seize said module autonomously in order to position it with precision. Preferably, when assembling the building, the scene is dynamic including the building itself which is under construction. The robotic device or devices preferably intelligently take this dynamic into account and continue the assembly of the building by calculating the path necessary to continue its assembly activity autonomously. Preferably, human supervision of the robotic module is possible so as to intervene to control it at any time if necessary.

According to one embodiment, the building according to the present invention comprises at least one pillar and at least part of the pillar is formed by at least another part of the modules of the plurality of modules. According to one embodiment, the building according to the present invention comprises at least one beam and at least part of the beam is formed by at least another part of the modules of the plurality of modules.

According to one embodiment, the building according to the present invention comprises at least one foundation and at least part of the foundation is formed by at least another part of the modules of the plurality of modules.

According to one embodiment, the roof is formed at least in part by a polymer roof support, preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, supporting at least a plurality of tiles.

According to one embodiment, the first support layer comprises at least a first grid having a laminated structure, preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably in printed polymer fibers, and the second support layer comprises at least one second grid having a laminated structure, preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably of printed polymer fibers.

This makes it possible to easily, quickly and inexpensively manufacture the first support layer as well as the second support layer.

This allows the first backing layer and the second backing layer to be very light yet strong.

According to one embodiment, the first grid comprises at least one polymer matrix having a mesh parameter of less than 5 cm, preferably than 1 cm, and advantageously than 0.5 cm, and the second grid comprises at least one polymer matrix having a mesh parameter of less than 5 cm, preferably less than 1 cm, and advantageously less than 0.5 cm.

This makes it possible to present a certain seal with respect to hardening materials, in particular hardening materials having a viscosity selected so that, during the deposition of the hardening material (s), they cannot pass through the grid.

According to one embodiment, the first grid comprises a multilayer configuration composed of a layer of transverse fibers arranged between two layers of longitudinal fibers, and the second grid comprises a multilayer configuration composed of a layer of transverse fibers arranged between two layers of longitudinal fibers.

This increases the rigidity of the first grid and the second grid while reducing the amount of material, and the weight, required for the same rigidity.

According to one embodiment, the first grid and the second grid each comprise a layered structure, this layered structure being produced by three-dimensional printing of one or more polymers.

This makes it possible to manufacture the first support layer easily, quickly and inexpensively. This allows the first layer of support to be very light while still being sturdy.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of pads is configured to support, in part at least, at least one metal frame.

This makes it possible to strengthen the module mechanically. According to one embodiment, the first finishing layer comprises at least a first mechanical reinforcement layer, preferably having a laminated structure, arranged on the external face of the first support layer, and the second finishing layer comprises at least one second mechanical reinforcement layer, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, arranged on the external face of the second support layer or on the external face of the insulation layer. This makes it possible to strengthen the module mechanically.

This makes it possible to ensure that the module is watertight relative to the environment, in particular to climatic conditions for example.

According to one embodiment, the first layer of mechanical reinforcement comprises at least one thermal device, preferably a pipe for circulating a calorific fluid, embedded in said first layer of mechanical reinforcement.

According to one embodiment, the first layer of mechanical reinforcement comprises at least one thermal device configured to transfer heat to or from the module, preferably a pipe for circulating a calorific fluid, embedded in said first layer of mechanical reinforcement. .

This makes it possible to functionalize the surface defined by one side of the module thus formed by allowing the temperature of said surface to be adjusted by a thermal device.

According to one embodiment, the first finishing layer comprises at least a first coating layer, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, located on the surface of the first mechanical reinforcement layer and comprising at least one of : plaster, tiled slabs, parquet, stones, plaster, paint, moldings.

This makes it possible to design so-called finished modules, because they do not require or require very few finishes, decorations, once installed.

According to one embodiment, the second finishing layer comprises at least a second coating layer, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, located on the surface of the second mechanical reinforcement layer and comprising at least one of : plaster, tiled slabs, parquet, stones, plaster, paint, moldings.

This makes it possible to design so-called finished modules, because they do not require or require very few finishes, decorations, once installed.

According to one embodiment, the functional layer comprises a drainage layer configured to drain the liquids in contact with said layer.

This makes it possible to respond to the problem of effectively draining water using a structure that is particularly quick and inexpensive to set up. This solution is in particular much faster and more economical to set up than a conventional solution consisting in providing a volume of stone of different diameters placed in front of the side of a foundation. According to one embodiment, the drainage layer comprises a first plurality of filters, a second plurality of filters and a third plurality of filters, the first plurality of filters having a particle size smaller than the particle size of the second plurality of filters, the particle size of the second plurality of filters being smaller than the particle size of the third plurality of filters, the first plurality of filters being arranged upstream of the second plurality of filters relative to the direction of drainage of the liquids, the second plurality of filters being arranged upstream of the third plurality of filters relative to the direction of drainage of the liquids.

According to one embodiment, at least part of the filters of each plurality of filters has a layered structure produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably from a polymer material.

According to one embodiment, the drainage layer comprises a plurality of drainage pipes inclined with respect to a horizontal plane so as to allow drainage of liquids. According to one embodiment, at least part of the plurality of drainage pipes has a layered structure made by three-dimensional printing, preferably from a polymeric material.

According to one embodiment, at least part of the plurality of drainage pipes is inclined relative to a horizontal plane with a slope of less than 10cm / m, preferably 5cm / m and advantageously 2cm / m.

According to one embodiment, at least part of the plurality of drainage pipes has a diameter of less than 20cm, preferably 10cm and advantageously 7cm.

According to one embodiment, the functional layer comprises at least one insulating layer, the insulating layer comprising at least one frame defining an insulating space disposed between the outer face of the second support layer and a cover carried by said frame.

According to one embodiment, the insulation space is intended to receive at least one insulating material, preferably having a layered structure produced by three-dimensional printing.

This allows for an insulation layer.

According to one embodiment, the insulation layer comprises at least a first additional mechanical reinforcement layer, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, arranged on the outer face of the second support layer.

This makes it possible to mechanically reinforce the module.

According to one embodiment, the insulation layer comprises, preferably in the insulation space, passages for the passage of cables and / or fluid conduits.

This makes it possible to predispose the passages and conduits necessary for electricity, plumbing, boiler room, etc.

This makes it possible to integrate cables, ducts or pipes or conduits in a particularly easy and reproducible manner. This makes it possible to respond to the problem of simplifying the integration in a building of the various distribution networks, such as electrical networks, communication networks, gas networks, hydraulic networks (cold water, hot water, waste water).

According to one embodiment, the insulating layer comprises at least one thermal device configured to transfer heat to or from the module, preferably a pipe for circulating a calorific fluid, disposed at least in part in space. insulation.

According to one embodiment, the cover comprises a third grid, preferably of printed polymer fibers.

According to one embodiment, the module according to the present invention comprises at least one hinge element and the first support layer is articulated in rotation with respect to the second support layer via the hinge element so as to allow the alternating passage from a first position where the first and second planes are parallel to each other to a second position where the first and second planes are inclined with respect to each other, the alternating passage of the first position at the second position being effected by rotation about an axis parallel to the first plane and / or to the second plane.

Thus, the first support layer and the second support layer are integral with one another by means of at least one hinge element configured to allow the reversible passage from a position where the first and second planes are parallel. 'to each other at a position where the first and second planes intersect with each other.

This makes it possible to open the module like a book in order for example to print inside it in the printing volume of concrete and / or an insulation, mainly when the module extends in a horizontal plane as to form a floor and / or ceiling.

This makes it possible to respond to the problem of forming in a particularly simple, reliable and fast way a module entering into the constitution of a floor or a ceiling of a building. In particular, relative positioning errors between the first and second support layers are avoided when dispensing a hardening material.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of pads has a laminated structure and is printed on the internal face of one of the first grid and the second grid.

This allows during the manufacture of the grids, to manufacture at the same time, or at least with the same machine, the studs.

This makes it possible to design the pads, their positions, their physicochemical characteristics, their dimensions, their modules, according to design needs with great precision. According to one embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises, after or during the step of printing the plurality of pads, the installation of at least one metal frame supported by said plurality of pads.

According to one embodiment, the first grid and the second grid each comprise a layered structure formed from one or more polymers.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of studs is configured to support, in part at least and preferably on its own, at least one metal frame, the metal frame preferably extending being preferably fixed the plurality of studs. According to one embodiment, the three-dimensional printing of the first finishing layer comprises at least: a. The three-dimensional printing on the outer face of the first support layer of at least a first mechanical reinforcement layer; b. Printing, preferably three-dimensional, on the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer of at least a first coating layer.

According to one embodiment, the three-dimensional printing of the second topcoat comprises at least: a. The three-dimensional printing on the outer face of the insulation layer of at least a second layer of mechanical reinforcement; b. Printing, preferably three-dimensional, on the outer face of the second layer of mechanical reinforcement of a second coating layer.

According to one embodiment, the production of the functional layer comprises the production of an insulation layer comprising at least: a. The installation of a frame on the outer face of the second layer of support; b. The three-dimensional printing of a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement on at least part of the outer face of the second support layer within the space defined by said frame; vs. Filling of the insulation space defined by said frame with an insulating material, preferably by three-dimensional printing; d. Arrangement of a cover above, and preferably in contact with, said frame and said insulating material.

According to one embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises, during and / or after the step of producing the insulation layer, the positioning in the insulation layer of at least one passage intended to receive at least one of at least: an electric cable, a pipe, a ventilation, an optical cable, a heating pipe or any other thermal device and / or heating installation.

According to one embodiment, the production of the functional layer comprises the production of a drainage layer comprising at least: a. Printing a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement on the outer face of the second support layer; b. Three-dimensional printing of a first plurality of filters, a second plurality of filters, and a third plurality of filters on the outer face of the first layer of mechanical reinforcement; vs. Printing and / or positioning of at least one drainage pipe on at least part of the first plurality of filters and / or the second plurality of filters and / or the third plurality of filters and / or the outer face of the first layer of mechanical reinforcement.

According to one embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises a step of securing the first support layer with the second support layer, this joining being carried out by at least one of the following manners: bonding of the plurality of studs on the internal face of the other among at least the first and the second support layer, realization of at least one integral hinge element of the first backing layer and the second backing layer.

It is specified that in the context of the present invention, the term “three-dimensional printing” means a method of depositing material in which the flow rate and / or the positioning of the deposit are controlled. Preferably, the flow rate is less than 6L / second, preferably 2L / second and advantageously 1 L / second. Preferably, the positioning of the deposit is controlled to the nearest meter, preferably to the nearest centimeter and advantageously to the nearest millimeter. Advantageously, three-dimensional printing is configured so that the first printed layers, called lower layers, can solidify quickly enough to support the upper layers during printing without deforming. Advantageously, each printed layer between two elements has a width corresponding to the intermediate space between said two elements.

For example, material is deposited by a device one end of which includes a material dispenser, such as a printhead, nozzle, or pipe. At least one of the part being printed and the dispenser are movable, so to allow relative mobility between the part being printed and the dispenser. According to this example, this relative mobility is ensured by at least one actuator controlled by an automatic piloting module. Thus, the actuator dispenses the material automatically and autonomously. Autopilot mode controls at least one actuator by executing computer instructions. Therefore, relative mobility is not provided manually by an operator. Advantageously, a printed layer corresponds to a single relative movement of the printing device or of the printing area.

It will be noted that a person skilled in the art will know how to adapt the flow rate, the thickness of the layers, the nature of the materials, the viscosity, the solidification rate, the melting temperature, and any other characteristics so as to achieve the three-dimensional printing in the conditions required by the present invention.

In the context of the present description, it is considered that a step of three-dimensional printing of a layer, of a stud or of any other part consists in producing this layer, this stud is another part by three-dimensional printing.

According to one embodiment, the term “printed part” is understood to mean a part the structure of which exhibits a lamination due to the three-dimensional printing process employed. A layered structure corresponds for example to a structure having a stack of layers which may or may not be identical in their nature, shape, composition or thickness. In particular, a three-dimensionally printed part has a laminated structure at least when it is cut in two according to a preferential plane. Preferably, the laminate structure of a three-dimensionally printed part may have a stack of layers that are substantially identical to each other. It will be noted that the thicknesses are considered along an axis orthogonal to the extension plane of the layer considered.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a mobile module, intended to be self-supporting and / or fixed to the ground, and intended to partially form at least one building, such as a house for example.

Advantageously, and as described below, this module is configured to form, in part at least, a wall, a floor, a foundation or even a ceiling.

Indeed, such a module, according to one embodiment, taken alone or in combination, is configured to form both the walls, the floor, and the ceiling, or even the foundations of the building thus formed according to a preferred embodiment. of the invention.

As described below, according to one embodiment, the module comprises: a. A first layer of support; advantageously this first support layer comprises a first grid, preferably of polymer, advantageously of printed polymer fibers; The first grid extends in a foreground; b. a second support layer; advantageously this second support layer comprises a second grid, preferably of polymer, advantageously of printed polymer fibers; The second grid extends in a second plane parallel to said first plane; vs. a plurality of studs distributed, preferably in a grid, in an intermediate plane between the first grid and the second grid, said intermediate plane being parallel to said first plane and / or to said second plane; The separation thus formed between the first grid and the second grid defines a printing volume intended to receive a printed hardening material; d. a functional layer which may comprise a drainage layer and / or an insulation layer, the functional layer being carried by at least one of the first grid and the second grid; The insulation layer possibly comprising at least one insulating material, preferably a frame surrounding said insulating material and a third grid arranged so that the insulating material is located between the third grid and one of the first and the second grid; The drainage layer may include at least a plurality of filters and / or a plurality of drainage pipes; advantageously, and as described below, the plurality of filters may comprise a first plurality of filters, a second plurality of filters and a third plurality of filters all having a gradual relative particle size as a function of their positioning relative to the direction of flow drained fluids; e. a first finishing layer carried by the first grid; the first topcoat possibly comprising a first mechanical reinforcement layer and / or a first coating layer; this first finishing layer can be produced on or at the level of the external face of the first grid; f. a second finishing layer carried by the second grid; the second finishing layer possibly comprising a second layer of mechanical reinforcement and / or a second coating layer; this second finishing layer can be produced on or at the level of the external face of the second grid. g. Preferably, the first layer of mechanical reinforcement is carried by the first grid; said first layer of mechanical reinforcement is printed, preferably directly, on the external face of the first grid. h. Preferably, the second layer of mechanical reinforcement is carried by the second grid; said second layer of mechanical reinforcement is printed, preferably directly, at or on the external face of the second grid; According to a preferred embodiment, the second layer of mechanical reinforcement is printed on one face of the second finishing layer.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of pads defines an impression volume between the first grid and the second grid.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of studs can carry, at least in part, at least one metal frame.

Advantageously, this printing volume is configured to receive at least one hardening material such as concrete, for example.

Advantageously, this hardening material is printed in this printing volume so as to control the pressure exerted by said hardening material on the walls of said printing volume thus defined. Printing is understood to mean a method of depositing a material on a specific area at a specific rate, generally the area is relatively small in size and the rate is relatively low. For example, the three-dimensional printing device of the hardening material has an output diameter of less than 16 cm, preferably 12 cm and advantageously 8 cm, and the printing rate is less than 6L / sec, preferably 2L / sec and advantageously at 1 L / sec.

Thus, the module, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is configured for, when it forms a wall or a part of a wall, having a space intended to be filled with printed concrete or any other printed material of this guy. In particular, the module may have an impression volume intended to receive concrete, preferably imprinted concrete. We will now describe through a plurality of figures the present invention and various embodiments thereof.

Figure 1 illustrates a sectional view of a portion of a module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably intended to partially form at least one wall. In this figure, it can be seen that the module 100 has a stack of layers 160, 150, 120, 130, 110, 140.

Indeed, we first note said previously discussed print volume 132. In this printing volume 132 there is a first 131a and a second 131b metal frames, each supported by studs 130a, 130b.

In fact, in this FIG. 1, the plurality of pads 130 comprises a first sub-set of pads 130a and a second sub-set of pads 130b. The first subset of pots 130a at least partially supports the first metal frame 131a. The second sub-set of pads 130b at least partially supports the second metal frame 131b.

Advantageously, but not in a limiting manner, the second sub-set of studs 130b is arranged in line with the first sub-set of studs 130a, and preferably in its contact, advantageously direct.

Advantageously, the pads of the second subset of pads 130b are printed, preferably directly, on the pads of the first subset of pads 130a. This therefore makes it possible to join together the two subsets of studs 130a and 130b.

Then the second grid 120 can for example be secured, for example glued, on the second sub-assembly of pads 130b.

According to another embodiment, the first subset of pads 130a is produced by three-dimensional printing on the internal face 111 of the first grid 110.

Preferably, the second subset of pads 130b is produced by three-dimensional printing on the internal face 121 of the second grid 120.

Advantageously, the two subsets of studs 130a and 130b are secured to one another by means of bonding and / or metal reinforcements. These metal reinforcements can for example join the metal reinforcements 131a and 131b carried by each sub-set of studs 130a and 130b with one another.

It is noted in this figure that the first sub-set of pads 130a is arranged on the internal face 111 of the first grid 110, and that the second sub-set of pads 130b is arranged on the internal face 121 of the second grid 120.

According to one embodiment, the first grid 110 comprises a plurality of polymer fibers arranged along mainly two axes, preferably orthogonal, so as to define a matrix of polymer fibers, preferably the mesh of which has a dimension preferably less than 5 cm. , advantageously at 1 cm.

According to one embodiment, the second grid 120 has the same structural and physicochemical characteristics as the first grid 110. The second grid 120 advantageously comprises a matrix of polymer fibers, the mesh of which preferably has a dimension of less than 5 cm, advantageously at 2 cm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the first grid is less than 5 cm, preferably 1 cm, and advantageously 0.5 cm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the second grid is less than 5 cm, preferably 1 cm, and advantageously 0.5 cm.

In FIG. 1, the external face 112 of the first grid 110 carries, in part at least, a first finishing layer 140. This first finishing layer 140 preferably comprises a first mechanical reinforcement layer 141 and preferably a first layer. of coating 142. This first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 can comprise for example a hardening material, preferably printed on the external face 112 of the first grid 110. This first coating layer 142 can comprise for example a coating, a plaster or else. a coat of paint. Advantageously, the first mechanical reinforcement layer 140 may for example comprise concrete or any other material of the same type allowing, on the one hand, sealing and, on the other hand, mechanical reinforcement of the first grid 110. Advantageously, the first finishing layer is printed.

In this figure, the second grid 120 carries on its outer face 122 an insulating layer 150. This insulating layer 150, as described below, comprises a frame 151 delimiting an insulating space 156 intended and suitable. to receive an insulating material, such as polyurethane for example, preferably printed. Particularly advantageously, this insulation space 156 is configured to receive one or a plurality of passages 155. These passages 155 are intended to receive one or more cables or fluid conduits. This makes it possible, for example, to pre-install electric cables or pipes, or at least to provide the necessary passages. Then, a cover, preferably in the form of a third grid 154, preferably of polymer, advantageously printed, is arranged to define, with the frame 151 and the second grid 120, the insulation space 156. As discussed. subsequently, this insulation space 156 can also receive various devices, including for example a thermal device 157 in the form of one or more pipes of calorific fluids for example.

It will be noted that in a particularly advantageous manner as described below and according to one embodiment, one or more thermal devices, preferably one or more heating pipes, can be arranged in any type of module according to the present invention. For example, one or more heat pipes can be arranged in a wall 210, a floor 220, a ceiling 230, a roof 240, a foundation 251 or even a pillar 260 or a beam.

This insulating layer 150, according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises on its external face, formed by the third grid 154, a finishing layer 160. This finishing layer 160 preferably comprises a second mechanical reinforcement layer. 161 and advantageously a second coating layer 162 deposited on the surface of said second mechanical reinforcement layer 161.

Preferably, the second topcoat 160 is printed.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the module 100 of FIG. 1 makes it possible to form at least one wall 210 of the building 200 in part. This wall 210 is thus prefabricated even before arriving at the construction site, the paintings are made, the finishes are finished. are finished, the passages are ready, all that remains is to place the finalized wall 210 in its place in the building 200 under construction. Then once installed, it is appropriate to print in the print volume 132 defined above a hardening material such as concrete for example. In this case the frame 131 or the metal frames 131a, 131b provide reinforcement for the module 100. The hardening material, concrete for example, is cleverly printed and not cast so that the pressure it exerts on the walls of the volume printing does not exceed a certain threshold, resistance threshold of module 100. Thus in a particularly advantageous manner, the present invention makes it possible to manufacture in advance walls 210 already decorated and equipped, which are configured to be installed on the site and to be mechanically reinforced there by the impression of concrete in the printing volume. 132. The three-dimensional printing technique is particularly practical, because it makes it possible to control the flow rate and the positioning of the concrete and thus to reduce, or even avoid, that too much pressure is applied on the walls defining said volume of printing 132. In particular, the three-dimensional printing technique allows as the concrete is printed to harden, thus the material is solidified even before the print volume 132 is filled, preferably all of it.

We will now describe, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a module 100 intended to form part of a wall 210 through Figures 2 to 19.

According to one embodiment, the method of manufacturing a module 100 intended to form a wall 210 comprises at least the following steps: a. Three-dimensional printing of the first grid 110; b. Three-dimensional printing of the second grid 120; vs. Three-dimensional printing of the plurality of pads 130 on the internal face 111, 121 of one of at least the first 110 and the second 120 grid; d. Three-dimensional printing of the first topcoat 140 on the outer face 112 of the first grid comprising: printing a first mechanical reinforcement layer 141 on the outer face 112 of the first grid 110; production of a first coating layer 142 on the external face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer 141; e. Production of the insulating layer 150 on the external face 122 of the second grid 120 preferably comprising: the positioning of a frame 151 defining the peripheries of the insulating layer 150; printing a first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152 on the outer face 122 of the second grid 120; printing a layer of insulation 153; positioning a third grid 154 above and preferably in contact with the insulating layer 153; f. Three-dimensional printing of a second topcoat 160 on the outer face of the insulation layer 150 comprising: printing a second mechanical reinforcement layer 161 on the outer face of the insulation layer 150; production of a second coating layer 162 on the external face of the second mechanical reinforcement layer 161. According to one embodiment, the thickness of the third grid is less than 5 cm, preferably less than 1 cm, and advantageously less than 0.5 cm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the first finishing layer is less than 40 mm, preferably 15 mm, and advantageously 5 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the second finishing layer is less than 40 mm, preferably 15 mm, and advantageously 5 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the first mechanical reinforcement layer is less than 20 mm, preferably 10 mm, and advantageously 3 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the second mechanical reinforcement layer is less than 20 mm, preferably 10 mm, and advantageously 3 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the first coating layer is less than 20 mm, preferably 5 mm, and advantageously 2 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the second coating layer is less than 20 mm, preferably 5 mm, and advantageously 2 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the insulation layer is less than 40 cm, preferably 15 cm, and advantageously 5 cm.

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the first support layer comprising the first grid 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention. This first grid 110, as indicated above, is preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, advantageously from polymer fibers. In these figures, the matrix conformation of the first grid 110 is clearly shown, which comprises elements extending in two, preferably three planes parallel to each other, the central plane being called the first plane. Note that the elements of a plane are integral with the elements of the plane (s) in direct contact. Thus, the first grid 110 comprises a first plurality of longitudinal elements, preferably regularly spaced from one another, caught between two pluralities of transverse elements, preferably equally spaced from one another. The configuration of these elements advantageously forms a mesh, preferably a matrix, advantageously a grid.

Figure 4 shows the step of manufacturing the plurality of pads 130 on the inner face 111 of the first grid 110, preferably by three-dimensional printing, preferably one or more polymers. These pads 130 are preferably distributed in a grid on the surface of the internal face 111 of the first grid 110.

Preferably, these studs 130 have holes 130c, recesses, or even openings, passages, intended to allow the arrangement of a metal frame 131 according to certain embodiments as illustrated in FIG. 5.

FIGS. 5 and 6 represent a perspective view of the internal face 111 of the first grid 110 comprising the plurality of pads 130, preferably printed. Each pad 130 is advantageously crossed in at least one direction, preferably in two directions, by a part of a metal frame 131. According to one embodiment, each pad 130 is crossed in two orthogonal directions by the metal frame 131. Indeed, preferably, the metal frame 131 forms a metal grid whose nodes are formed in part at least by the studs. the plurality of pads 130. The metal grid 131 preferably has a mesh greater than the mesh of the first grid 110 and / or of the second grid 120.

According to one embodiment, the metal frame 131 can be disposed in the plurality of pads 130 while the plurality of pads 130 has not finished being printed. For example, part of the thickness of each pad 130 can be printed, then the metal frame 131 can be deposited in holes 130c, or recesses, of the pads 130, then the printing of the pads resumes so as to finalize the pads and to trap the metal frame 131 in the plurality of pads 130.

FIG. 7 represents a view of the internal face 111 of the first grid 110 carrying the plurality of pads 130 supporting the metal frame 131.

Figures 8 and 9 show the printing step of the first topcoat 140 comprising the first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141, preferably printed, comprising a hardening material 141, such as concrete for example.

Advantageously, this first finishing layer 140 can also comprise a first coating layer 142. This first coating layer 142 can for example overcome said first mechanical reinforcement layer 141. The mechanical reinforcement layer 141 being advantageously printed on the outer face 112 of the first grid 110 so as to make this side of the wall waterproof and to strengthen its mechanical strength.

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the schematic superposition of the second grid 120 with the stack of layers and elements carried by the first grid 110.

Figures 12 to 15 illustrate the construction of the insulation layer 150.

According to one embodiment, the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152 can be produced before and / or during the production of the insulation layer 150.

According to one embodiment, the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152 for securing can be included by the insulation layer 150.

Indeed, according to one embodiment, such as that shown in FIGS. 12 to 15, the insulation layer 150 comprises an insulation space 156 formed of a frame 151, a bottom and a cover 154. Preferably, this base is formed, at least in part, by the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152.

Thus, FIG. 12 illustrates the positioning of a frame 151 on the external face 122 of the second grid 120. This frame 151 can be of various materials, such as plastic for example. This frame 151 is configured to define the isolation space 156 described below.

The frame 151 can for example be glued, or simply secured thereafter, to the second grid 120, for example during the phase of depositing the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152. Preferably, the frame 151 has main dimensions substantially equal to those of the second grid 120.

According to one embodiment, the frame 151 has main dimensions smaller than those of the second grid 120.

Preferably, the frame 151 has a dimension in thickness along an axis perpendicular to the external face 122 of the second grid 120 of less than 40 cm, preferably 15 cm, and advantageously 5 cm.

Advantageously, the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152 is printed, preferably directly, on at least part of the external face 122 of the second grid 120.

According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152 is printed on the part of the external face 122 of the second grid 120 contained in the frame 151.

Note, in Figure 13, the arrangement of a portion of a passage 155, preferably, but not limited to the printing of the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152. This passage portion 155 is configured to accommodate elements such as cables and / or pipes for example.

Thus, the present invention makes it possible to predispose passages 155 in the walls 210 for electrical, optical cables, fluid conduits and other elements. These elements, moreover, may in part sometimes be placed in the wall 210 during the production of the insulation layer 150, for example, preferably, but not limited to, once the passages 155 or the portions of the passages 155 are defined. .

Figure 14 illustrates the filling of the insulation space 156 thus defined. This filling is preferably done by three-dimensional printing of at least one insulating material 153 such as, for example, polyurethane.

According to another embodiment, all types of insulating material 153 can be placed in said insulation space 156, preferably by three-dimensional printing of said insulating material.

Then follows the positioning of a cover 154 so as to close the insulation space 156.

According to one embodiment, the cover is formed of at least a third grid 154, preferably of printed polymer forming a matrix of polymer fibers. Advantageously, the third grid 154 is substantially identical to the first grid 110 and / or to the second grid 120.

This cover 154 is configured to cooperate with the frame 151 so as to close the insulation space 156 and thus to form at least part of the insulation layer 150.

According to one embodiment, such as the one illustrated, the cover 154 may comprise on its face facing the second grid 120, one or more portions of passages 155 as explained previously. It will be noted that according to one embodiment, the cover 154 can be arranged before the filling of the insulation space 156, and this space can then be filled through one or more holes arranged in the cover 154 and / or the frame 151 for example.

FIG. 16 illustrates the production of the second finishing layer 160 on the outer face of the third grid 154. This second finishing layer 160 comprises at least a second mechanical reinforcement layer 161 comprising for example a hardening material, such as plaster by example and at least a second coating layer 162, comprising for example a paint layer.

The present invention makes it possible to produce a wall 210 or at least a portion of a wall already finished even before being placed on the construction site, the surfaces of the wall are ready, decorated and the passages for the various elements are already installed.

Figures 17, 18 and 19 illustrate the formation of moldings 163, for example plaster, carried by the outer surface of the third grid 154 by the second finishing layer 160, in particular by the second coating layer 162. Here again, this illustrates the capacity of the invention to prepare the walls of the building even before the construction of said building, these walls being finalized, light, easy to transport and ready to be positioned on site and to be immobilized there.

We will now illustrate the case where a module according to the present invention is configured to form a floor and preferably a ceiling at the same time.

It will be noted that all of the characteristics and advantages presented above for a module according to the present invention partly defining at least one wall 210 apply to the rest of the description, and in particular in the case of a module partly defining at least a floor 220, a ceiling 230 or a floor and a ceiling, or a foundation 251.

Figure 20 illustrates a sectional view of a portion of a module according to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably intended to partially form at least a floor 220 and / or a ceiling 230.

In this figure, we find the first grid 110 and the second grid 120 both separated by a plurality of pads 130, 130a, 130b which can support one or more metal frames 131a, 131b and thus define a printing volume 132.

The function of this module 100 here is to form a floor 220 and / or a ceiling 230, it is therefore intended to be arranged horizontally.

According to one embodiment, the impression volume 132 is intended not to be filled with a hardening material.

According to another embodiment, the impression volume 132 is intended to be filled with a hardening material such as concrete for example.

In FIG. 20, the first grid 110 bears on its external face 112 the first mechanical reinforcement layer 141 surmounted by the first coating layer 142, this first coating layer 142 may for example comprise tiling as shown in FIG. 21 by example, parquet or stone. According to one embodiment, the first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 can comprise pipes 157 for circulating calorific fluid so as to define a calorific circuit, otherwise called underfloor heating for example.

Advantageously, in this figure and according to this embodiment, the insulation layer 150 is produced as indicated above and may here again include passages 155 for fluid conduits or even cables.

In the case where this module 100 is intended to partially form at least a ceiling 230 and / or a floor 220, the external face 122 of the second grid 120, carrying the insulation layer 150, also carries the second finishing layer. 160 similar to that previously presented and may also include moldings 163, to decorate a ceiling 230 for example. Advantageously, the outer face of the insulation layer 150 can be configured to receive a luminaire, for example without limitation.

We will now describe a method of manufacturing a module 100 according to an embodiment intended to form a floor 220 and / or a ceiling 230.

According to one embodiment, the method of manufacturing a module 100 intended to form a floor 220 and / a ceiling 230 comprises at least the following steps: a. Printing of the first grid 110; b. Printing of the second grid 120; vs. Printing of the plurality of pads on the internal face 111 of the first grid, this printing comprising: d. Printing of the first subset of pads 130a; e. Printing of the second subset of pads 130b; f. Realization of a first finishing layer 140 on the external face 112 of the first grid 110. g. Realization of the insulation layer 150 on the outer face 122 of the second grid 120; h. Creation of the second finishing layer 160 on the external face of the insulation layer 150.

Figures 21 and 22 illustrate as previously the first grid 110 and its matrix of printed polymer fibers.

Figures 24 and 25 illustrate the construction and arrangement of a first sub-assembly of studs 130a and of a first metal frame 131a as previously described.

FIG. 26 illustrates the production, preferably by three-dimensional printing, of a second subset of pads 130b arranged, preferably directly, above the pads of the first subset of pads 130a.

Advantageously, each stud of the second subset of studs 130b is printed on the upper face of a stud of the first subset of studs 130a.

Preferably, the first subset of pads 130a and the second subset of pads 130b are secured to each other via the printing process, thus securing the two subsets of pads, and thus form the plurality of pads 130. It will be noted that the second sub-set of pads 130b can support a second metal frame 131b, preferably identical to the first metal frame 131a.

It will be noted that the technical characteristics of the studs of the second subset of studs 130b are identical to those of the first subset of studs 130a.

According to one embodiment, the first subset of pads 130a and the second subset of pads 130b form the plurality of pads 130.

Figure 26 shows the step of printing the first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 on the outer face 112 of the first grid 110.

Figure 27 shows the impression of the first coating layer 142, preferably intended to form a ceiling 230 according to one embodiment. This first coating layer 142 may comprise plaster and / or paint. Advantageously, this first coating layer 142 can comprise moldings 163 as illustrated in Figures 28 and 29.

FIG. 30 illustrates the second printed grid 120 forming a matrix based on polymer fibers as previously described.

FIG. 31 illustrates the positioning of the frame 151 on the external face 122 of the second grid 120.

FIG. 32 illustrates the positioning of the cover as described above comprising the third grid 154.

Preferably before the positioning of said cover 154, the insulation space 156 has been used to print the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152. Advantageously, before the positioning of said cover 154, the insulation space 156 has been filled with an insulating material 153 such as for example polyurethane, preferably by three-dimensional printing.

According to one embodiment, passages 155 could also be arranged therein as described above.

FIG. 33 illustrates the positioning of a calorific fluid pipe 157 forming part of a thermal device intended to regulate the temperature in the ground 220, for example.

Figure 34 shows the impression of a second layer of mechanical reinforcement 161 intended to reinforce the third grid 154 mechanically and to flood the pipe 157 with heat transfer fluid when this is present.

FIG. 35 shows the construction of the floor covering, here for example based on tiles. This figure represents the step of producing the second coating layer 162 here comprising tiling slabs for example, this tiling being secured to the second layer of mechanical reinforcement 161.

Finally, as illustrated in Figure 36, the first grid 110 and the layers 140, 141, 142 that it carries as well as the second grid 120 and the layers 150, 160 that it carries are joined together and can be joined in various ways, as for example here via one or more holding devices 300 allowing a temporary joining, the time to transport this module on the construction site for example, or the storage time of this module 100.

According to one embodiment, once in place on the site, a first part of the module 100 can be placed, the concrete printed in the printing volume 132 before placing the second part of the module 100 above.

According to another embodiment illustrated in Figures 52 and 53, the floor-type module 100 220 may include one or more hinge elements 170, so as to allow the module 100 to be opened like a book. According to this embodiment, the module 100, of floor type 220 for example, is arranged in a horizontal position, for example on the ground, then the upper part of the module 100 pivots along a horizontal axis like a book making it possible to display the plurality of pads 130, the metal frame (s) 131 and preferably the printing volume 132.

In particular, according to this embodiment, the module 100 comprises a first part 171 and a second part 172 integral with one another through several hinge elements 170. Advantageously, the first part 171 comprises the first grid 110, the first finishing layer 140, the plurality of pads 130 and one or more metal reinforcements 131. Advantageously, the second part 172 comprises the second grid 120, the insulation layer 150 and the second finishing layer 160.

The first part 171 and the second part 172 are then configured to be arranged either in a parallel configuration or in a non-parallel configuration, called secant. Thus, for example, the pivoting part may be the part comprising the first grid 110 and the elements that it supports, or the second grid 120 and the elements that it supports. Advantageously, the axis of rotation of the hinge element (s) is substantially parallel to at least part of the metal frame (s) 131.

According to this embodiment, the module 100 is thus opened like a book revealing the printing volume 132. Once the module 100 is open, the printing volume 132 is filled with printed concrete, then once the adequate quantity of printed concrete, the module 100 is closed like closing a book by rotating the pivoting part of the module 100.

Figures 52 and 53 illustrate the module 100 open like a book.

According to yet another preferred embodiment, the impression volume 132 may remain unfilled or alternatively be filled with a material lighter than the hardening material discussed previously.

Advantageously, FIG. 36 illustrates a plurality of holding device 300 comprising a first part 310 and a second part 320 secured to each other by a fixing element 330. Thus, this holding device 300 comes into play. pincers at least part of the module 100, the fixing element 330 being configured to bring the first part and the second part of the holding device 300 closer to each other, thus gripping a part of the module 100 on its preferably around. According to one embodiment, the module 100 can also be intended to form a wall 210 or even a part at least of a foundation 251 of a building 200. We will now present an embodiment through FIGS. 54. and 55 wherein the functional layer comprises a drainage layer 180. This drainage layer 180 functions to drain liquids, preferably water. Preferably, but not limitingly, the drainage layer 180 will find its main application, but not exclusively in the case where the module 100 partly forms at least one foundation 251 of a building 200.

Indeed, when the module 100 is at least partially buried, the use of this drainage layer 180 is particularly advantageous.

Figures 54 and 55 illustrate a module 100 whose functional layer comprises a drainage layer 180.

According to one embodiment, the drainage layer 180 comprises a plurality of filters 181, 182, 183 and / or a plurality of drainage pipes 184.

According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of filters comprises a first plurality of filters 181, a second plurality of filters 182 and a third plurality of filters 183.

Preferably, each plurality of filters has the shape of a hexagonal prism. This geometric shape allows the filters to be stacked together according to their faces.

Advantageously, and as illustrated in Figures 54 and 55, the first plurality of filters 181 has a thickness greater than the thickness of the second plurality of filters 182, the thickness being measured along the main axis of extension filters, preferably along an axis orthogonal to the external face of one of the first grid 110 and the second grid 120, advantageously along the main axis of the hexagonal prism.

Preferably, the ratio between the thickness of the filters of the first plurality of filters 181 and the thickness of the filters of the second plurality of filters 182 is greater than 1, preferably 1.25 and preferably 1.5.

Similarly, the second plurality of filters 182 has a thickness greater than the thickness of the third plurality of filters 183, the thickness, here again, being measured along the main axis of extension of the filters, preferably along a axis orthogonal to the external face of one of the first grid 110 and the second grid 120, advantageously along the main axis of the hexagonal prism.

Preferably, the ratio between the thickness of the filters of the second plurality of filters 182 and the thickness of the filters of the third plurality of filters 183 is greater than 1, preferably 1.25 and preferably 1.5.

Advantageously, each plurality of filters comprises a plurality of longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) and a plurality of transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a).

According to one embodiment, the longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) extend along the main axis of the hexagonal prisms, and the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a) extend along the secondary axes of the hexagonal prisms .

According to one embodiment, the longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) of a filter have a diameter identical to the diameter of the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a) of the same filter. According to another embodiment, the longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) all have the same diameter independently of the plurality of filters considered.

According to one embodiment, the orifices 181a and 181b of the first plurality of filters 181 have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the orifices 182a and 182b of the second plurality of filters 182.

According to one embodiment, the orifices 182a and 182b of the second plurality of filters 182 have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the orifices 183a and 183b of the third plurality of filters 183.

Advantageously, each plurality of filters has a particle size different from the others. Preferably, the particle size increases according to the direction of drainage of the liquids to be drained. The term grain size is understood to mean the diameter of the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a).

Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 54 and in FIG. 55, the first plurality of filters 181 is arranged above the second plurality of filters 182, itself arranged above the third plurality of filters 183. By gravity , the liquids to be drained flow through the first plurality of filters 181, then through the second plurality of filters 182 and finally through the third plurality of filters 183.

Thus, the first plurality of filters 181 has a particle size smaller than the particle size of the second plurality of filters 182, and the second plurality of filters 182 has a particle size smaller than the particle size of the third plurality of filters 183. This difference in particle size allows avoid any obstruction in the hydraulic circuit followed by the fluids to be drained.

According to one embodiment, the first plurality of filters 181 has a particle size of less than 5 mm.

According to one embodiment, the second plurality of filters 182 has a particle size of between 5 mm and 20 mm.

According to one embodiment, the third plurality of filters 183 has a particle size of between 30 and 60 mm.

Advantageously, each filter of all the pluralities of filters is in hydraulic communication with at least one other filter. In particular, the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a) of two filters are in contact with each other, thus creating a hydraulic communication interface.

Advantageously, the ratio between the diameter of the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a) of the filters of each plurality of filters and the thickness of the filters of each plurality of filters is between 0.005 and 0.06, preferably between 0.02 and 0.04 and advantageously equal to 0.03. Preferably and cleverly, all the filters are produced by three-dimensional printing and are based on at least one printed polymer. This means that all filters have a layered structure.

According to one embodiment, the longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) are blocked, and / or are not open, at their end closest to the second support layer 120, of preferably at their end which is in contact with the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152.

In Figures 54 and 55, it is noted that according to one embodiment, it is the second grid 120 which carries the drainage layer 180 at its outer face.

Preferably, it is the outer part of the module 100 forming a foundation 251, and therefore the part in contact with the earth, which carries the drainage layer 180.

Note that the drainage layer also comprises a plurality of drainage pipes 184. These drainage pipes 184 can advantageously be made from at least one polymer, preferably by three-dimensional printing. According to one embodiment, the drainage pipes 184 have a layered structure produced by three-dimensional printing.

According to one embodiment, the drainage pipes 184 are in hydraulic communication with at least part of the filters of the plurality of filters. The principle of this drainage layer 180 is advantageously to conduct surface liquids, preferably water for example, from the surface to the drainage pipes 184 to allow the evacuation of liquids, for example water.

Preferably, the drain pipes 184 can be installed at various height levels along the module 100 as illustrated in Figures 54 and 55. A drain pipe 184 is disposed in part between the first plurality of filters 181 and the second. plurality of filters 182, and two other drainage pipes 184 are disposed under the third plurality of filters 183. Advantageously, the drainage pipes 184 are inclined with respect to a horizontal plane in order to allow the flow of liquids, such as water. for example.

According to one embodiment, the drainage pipes 184 have a slope of less than 10 cm / m, preferably 5 cm / m and advantageously 2 cm / m.

According to one embodiment, the drainage pipes 184 have a diameter of less than 20 cm, preferably 10 cm and advantageously 7 cm.

We will now describe, according to one embodiment, the method of manufacturing a module 100 intended to form a foundation 251. This method comprises at least the following steps: a. Three-dimensional printing of the first grid 110; b. Three-dimensional printing of the second grid 120; vs. Three-dimensional printing of the plurality of pads 130 on the internal face 111, 121 of one of at least the first 110 and the second 120 grid; d. Three-dimensional printing of the first topcoat 140 on the outer face 112 of the first grid comprising: i. printing a first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 on the outer face 112 of the first grid 110; ii. production of a first coating layer 142 on the external face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer 141; e. Production of the drainage layer 180 on the external face 122 of the second grid 120 preferably comprising: i. printing a first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152 on the outer face 122 of the second grid 120; ii. three-dimensional printing of each filter of the plurality of filters. iii. printing and / or positioning of at least one drainage pipe.

According to an embodiment not shown, a module 100 can comprise a drainage layer 180 and an insulation layer 150, either both carried by the same grid 110 or 120, or one carried by a grid 110 or 120. and the other carried by the other grid 110 or 120.

The present invention thus makes it possible to design walls, foundations, floors, ceilings upstream of the construction of the building, these structural elements are finalized in the sense that they are already painted, for example include switches, passages for cables or fluid conduits, or even lighting, etc. They are then the pieces of a puzzle that simply need to be put together, preferably by means of robotic machines.

We will now describe, through FIGS. 43 to 48, a module according to an embodiment of the present invention intended to form at least one pillar 260 and / or at least one beam. For reasons of clarity, we will consider the case where the module according to the present invention allows the production of a pillar 260. All the characteristics of said pillar 260 and its design apply mutatis mutandis to the case of a beam, only the orientation of the final module can be different.

Figure 43 illustrates a sectional and partial view of a first face 261 of a pillar 260 for example. This first face 261 comprises a stack of layers similar to the modules described above. All of the technical characteristics described above in the case of mature modules 210, foundations 251, floors 220 or ceilings 230 also apply to the case of pillar 260 and beam.

Thus, this first face 261, and this is valid for all the faces (262, 263, 264) forming the pillar 260, comprises a first support layer preferably comprising a first grid 110 surmounted on its outer face 112 by a finishing layer 140 comprising a mechanical reinforcement layer 141 and a coating layer 142. The first grid 110 comprises on its internal face 111 a plurality of studs 130 intended to partially support at least one metal frame 131.

As before, at least some, and preferably all, of the elements composing the pillar 260 or the beam are printed three-dimensionally.

FIG. 45 illustrates a first face 261, a second face 262, a third face 263 and a fourth face 264 intended to form a pillar 260.

According to one embodiment, the pillar 260 comprises at least 3 faces and advantageously at least 4 faces. Preferably, the faces 261, 262, 263, 26 of the pillar 260 are all structurally similar and designed in the same way, according to the same process as for the previously described modules.

FIG. 46 illustrates an exploded view of a pillar 260 comprising 4 structurally identical faces 261, 262, 263, 264 intended to be secured together, preferably by means of clips, advantageously metallic, securing the metal frame 131 of a face 261, 262, 263, 264 with the two metal frames 131 of the two faces 261, 262, 263, 264 which are contiguous to it.

Fig. 47 is a cross-sectional view showing a pillar 260 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Note that the arrangement of the 4 faces 261, 262, 263, 264 defines an insulation space 156 and / or an impression volume 132.

Indeed, depending on the circumstances, it is possible to mechanically reinforce the pillar 260 by printing a hardening material in the printing volume 132 and / or to reinforce its insulation by printing an insulation in the insulation space 156. Advantageously , it is possible to have passages 155 as described above in this printing volume 132 / isolation space 156.

Figure 48 is a view of a pillar 260 waiting to be immobilized on site. It will be noted that each face 261, 262, 263, 264 comprises junction elements 212 intended to cooperate with other modules forming the building 200, including advantageously the other modules 210, 220, 230, 240, 260 according to the present invention.

According to one embodiment, the pillar-type module 260 can be arranged horizontally and thus define a beam intended to locally reinforce a floor-type module 220 and / or ceiling 230 produced according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to another embodiment, the pillar-type module 260 can be arranged vertically to form a single pillar.

According to one embodiment, the pillar-type module 260 has a height dimension of less than 6 m, preferably 3 m and advantageously 2.5 m.

Advantageously, the pillar type module 260 is an assembly of at least 3 halves of wall type modules 210 produced according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Preferably, said halves are printed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Advantageously, the metal frames 131 of each face 261, 262, 263, 264 of the pillar 260 are interconnected by clips. Preferably, said clips comprise a material having mechanical properties similar to those of the metal reinforcements 131.

We will now describe a building 200 and its construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In particular, we will describe the method of constructing a house 200 from a plurality of modules 100 as presented above. FIG. 38 thus represents an exploded view of a house 200 formed of several modules 100 of the wall type 210 and of several modules of the floor 220 and ceiling 230 type.

Figure 39 is a sectional view of said house 200.

It is noted that the house 200 has foundations 251 formed of modules 100 of the wall type 210. According to this embodiment, this house 200 comprises two levels, a ground floor and a first floor.

The foundations 251 can for example be anchored in the ground 250. Preferably, these foundations 251 comprise at least one wall-type module 210 as described above.

We quickly notice in this figure the presence of junction elements 212 of the walls 210 and the floors / ceilings 220, 230 between them. These junction elements 212 can be of various types, preferably it is an extension of the metal reinforcements 131 carried by the modules 100, advantageously it is a metal element of the spar type extending outside the module 100 wearing them.

According to one embodiment, all of the walls 210, floors 220 and ceilings 230 of the house 200 are made according to the present invention.

According to another embodiment, only part of the house 200 can be made according to the present invention.

Regarding the roof 240, this comprises a roof support 241, preferably plastic, advantageously produced by three-dimensional printing of one or more polymers.

This roof support 241 is configured to support at least in part a plurality of tiles 242 which can be joined in part at least by a holding element 243.

According to one embodiment, the tiles 242 may be three-dimensionally printed tiles, preferably of concrete, for example, or be formed from a layer of concrete imitating tiles 242.

Indeed, according to a preferred embodiment, the tiles 242 can be printed individually in concrete or else composed of a textured concrete slab so as to form a plurality of tiles 242.

Advantageously, this also makes it possible, if necessary, to have a thermal device 157, for example a heat pipe, in the roof of 240 kinds to recover thermal energy.

According to one embodiment, the roof 240 may include photovoltaic panels, or else ventilation ducts, or even sensors such as anemometers, rain gauges, light, etc.

According to one embodiment, the tiles can comprise or be formed from photovoltaic panels.

It will be noted in particular that the walls 210 can be designed with a space in order to install therein openings 211 such as doors or windows. Fig. 39 shows two wall-type modules 100 210 and their junction elements 212. The present invention is configured such that the various modules 100, 210, 220, 230 are intended to cooperate with each other in order to nest. the ones with the others.

Thus cleverly, the modules 100 can have extensions of their metal frame 131, for example intended to cooperate with the metal frame of another module 100.

Figures 40 and 41 show an advantageous embodiment of the present invention in which the junction elements 212 are configured to successively have two positions, a rest position and a connection position.

Advantageously, the change of position is made possible through the use of rotating elements 213 securing the junctions 212 with the rest of the module 100 and preferably with the rest of the metal frame 131 carried by the module 100 considered.

Preferably, in the rest position, the junction elements 212 do not extend outside the module 100, they are positioned so as not to present any discomfort or risk during storage or transport of the module 100.

Preferably, in the connection position, the connecting elements 212 extend outside the module 100, that is to say along a dimension of extension greater than that of the first and second grids 110, 120.

This change of position is thus possible, for example, by means of the rotary elements 213, preferably printed during the design of the module 100.

According to one embodiment described through Figures 49 to 51, the foundations may be formed of a floating platform 270. This floating platform 270 advantageously comprises at least two parts 271 and 272 secured to one another by jacks. 273, preferably hydraulic. The first part 271 supports the building 200 and the second part 272 comprises balancing tanks 274 configured to adjust the orientation of the platform 270. Advantageously and as shown, the second part 272 can also include stabilization pins 275 intended to ensure the stability of the platform 270.

Advantageously, the floating platform 270 is at least partly produced by three-dimensional printing.

Preferably, the floating platform 270 is made of concrete, advantageously printed. According to one embodiment, the floating platform 270, and preferably the first part 271 and the second part 272, is formed from at least modules of the wall 210, pillar 260, beam, floor 220 and / or ceiling 230 type. as described above.

Advantageously, the first part 271 of the floating platform 270 is called the upper part, and the second part 272 of the floating platform 270 is called the lower part.

Preferably, said upper part can be moved up and / or down by a set of jacks 273, preferably hydraulic. According to one embodiment, the walls which form the floating platform 270 are an assembly of modules of the wall 210, floor 220 and / or ceiling 230 type according to one embodiment of the present invention.

According to one embodiment, said floating platform 270 has a surface area of less than 400 m ² , preferably 200 m ² and advantageously 100 m ² .

Preferably, the balancing tanks 274 include water reservoirs. Each of said tanks can be filled and / or emptied by a pumping system so as to control the orientation of the floating platform 270. In particular, the balancing tanks 274 are configured to allow the adjustment of the plane defined by the or the floors 220 of the building 200 so that this or these floors 230 extend in one or more planes perpendicular to the axis defining the force of gravity. Thus, the balancing tanks 274 make it possible to maintain the balance of the building 200, and in particular the horizontality of the floors 220 of the building 200.

According to one embodiment, each of said reservoirs can be filled and / or emptied by a pumping system so as to control the buoyancy of the floating platform 270.

According to one mode of operation, the pumping system can be used for propelling the floating platform 270 in order to move said floating platform 270.

Advantageously, the pumping system is used to fill and / or empty the balancing tanks 274.

According to one embodiment, the pumping system is also used to propel the platform in one direction, for example by pumping water, from the sea for example, and by projecting it in a direction opposite to that of the desired displacement for the building 200. According to one embodiment, said balancing tanks 274 are an assembly of modules of the wall 210, pillar 260, beam, floor 220 and / or ceiling 230 type produced according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to one embodiment, said balancing tanks 274 have a volume of less than 10 m3, preferably 5 m3 and advantageously 2 m3.

Advantageously, the stabilization keels 275 allow the stability of the floating platform 270. According to one mode of operation, one or more stabilization keels 275 can be mobile. In particular: i. they can rotate around a vertical axis, for example to serve as a rudder; ii. they can move along a vertical axis, so for example to stabilize the floating platform 270 in the event that they are in contact with water or to allow displacement in the event that they are not in contact with the water.

According to one embodiment, said stabilization keels 275 have a dimension in height of less than 10 m, preferably 5 m and advantageously 3 m.

According to one embodiment, said balancing keels comprise an assembly of modules of wall 210, pillar 260, beam, floor 220 and / or ceiling 230 types produced according to one embodiment of the present invention. We will now describe the method of manufacturing a building 200 according to the present invention. This method preferably comprises at least the following steps:

Supply of at least one module 100 of the foundation type 251 as described above, preferably a plurality of foundations 251;

Provision of at least one wall-type module 100 210 as described above, preferably a plurality of walls 210;

Supply of at least one ground type module 220 as described above; Supply of at least one ceiling type module 230 as described above;

Preferably supply of at least one 220/230 floor / ceiling type module;

Preferably, provision of at least part of the wall-type modules 210 in the ground 250 so as to define the foundations 251 of the building 200, preferably by a robotic device;

Filling, preferably by a robotic device, by three-dimensional printing of said foundations 251 with a hardening material such as for example concrete at the level of the printing volumes 132 provided for this purpose;

Arrangement horizontally from the ground 220 on a field, preferably by a robotic device;

Vertical arrangement of walls 210 on the periphery of the floor 220, preferably by a robotic device;

Printing a mortar in the walls 210, preferably in their print volumes 132, by at least one three-dimensional mortar printer;

Arrangement of the ceiling 230 horizontally above the floor 220 and the walls 210, preferably in contact with a part of the walls 210 opposite the floor 220, preferably by a robotic device.

FIG. 42 illustrates the three-dimensional printing of concrete for example in the printing volume 132 of a wall 210. It will be noted that the three-dimensional printing device 400 comprises a printing head intended to move in the volume of printing 132. This device is configured to deliver a controlled flow rate of concrete, or any type of hardening material 410. The three-dimensional printing device 400 is thus configured to produce printed layers of hardening material 411. An advantage is that the flow rate thus controlled allows that only a few layers are not hardened during printing is that the other layers, deposited previously and which have time to harden, at least partially, retain the structure or at least do not exert pressure on the first support layer. Indeed, when printing a layer of hardening material, the previously printed layers of this material, for some at least, have time to harden and thus the pressure applied to the walls of the printing volume remains below. of a predetermined value. This prevents the first and second support layers from moving away from each other, or even becoming detached from the module. These two layers are also prevented from moving apart locally and therefore inclining relative to one another. Indeed, by casting a hardening material without applying the teaching of the present invention, the material curing would apply on the internal faces of the first and second layers a pressure which would cause the separation of these support layers or even their rupture or the rupture of the modulus.

According to one embodiment, the three-dimensional printing of a hardening material comprises dispensing said material layer by layer into an impression space or volume, each layer having a thickness between 1cm and 10cm, for example. Advantageously, a hardener is added at the time of printing the concrete in order to increase its hardening time.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the present invention uses robotic devices for the storage, transport, positioning and securing of the modules according to the present invention.

It will be noted that the present invention, in particular the modules thus formed, is configured to be implemented by at least a plurality of robotic devices.

Indeed, according to one embodiment, the construction of the modules can be robotized so as to produce the modules described above on the line, the decoration part being able for example to be personalized. Thus, robots can take care of the production of the modules. Then, the storage and transport of the modules can also be ensured by robots. Once at the construction site, robots can position the modules and in designated places, and then another robot can take care of the three-dimensional printing of the hardening material in the print volumes.

Thus, the present invention makes it possible to automate and robotize the construction of a building from the production of component modules to their installation and immobilization.

According to one embodiment, the present invention also applies to the case of renovation work. In particular, some or all of the wall, foundation, pillar, floor and / or ceiling type modules can be used to renovate a building.

For example, the faces described above forming a pillar can be used to renovate the facade of a wall.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and extends to all the embodiments covered by the claims.

LIST OF REFERENCES

100 Module

110 First grid

111 Internal face of the first grille 112 External face of the first grille

120 Second grid

121 Internal face of the second grille

122 External face of the second grille

130 Plot of the plurality of pads 130a Plot of the first subset of pads 130b Plot of the second sub-set of studs 131 Metal frame 131a First metal frame 131 b Second metal frame 132 Print volume

140 First finishing coat

141 First layer of mechanical reinforcement

142 First coating layer

143 Floor covering 150 Insulation layer

151 Frame

152 First layer of additional mechanical reinforcement

153 Insulator

154 Third gate 155 Passage

156 Isolation space

157 Thermal device

158 Second layer of additional mechanical reinforcement 160 Second top coat 161 Second layer of mechanical reinforcement 162 Second coating layer

163 Molding

164 Tile 170 Hinge element 171 Part one

172 Part two 180 Drainage layer 181 First plurality of filters 181a Cross flow ports of filters of the first plurality of filters 181 b Longitudinal flow ports of filters of the first plurality of filters

182 Second plurality of filters 182a Cross-flow ports of the filters of the second plurality of filters 182b Longitudinal flow ports of the filters of the second plurality of filters

183 Third plurality of filters 183a Cross-flow ports of the filters of the third plurality of filters

183b Longitudinal flow openings of the filters of the third plurality of filters

184 Drainage pipe 200 Building 210 Wall 211 Openings 212 Connecting element 213 Rotating element 220 Floor 230 Ceiling 240 Roof

241 Roof support

242 Tiles

243 Retaining element 250 Soil 251 Foundations

260 Pillar 261 First face of the pillar 262 Second face of the pillar 263 Third face of the pillar 264 Fourth face of the pillar

270 Floating foundations

271 Part one

272 Part two

273 Hydraulic cylinder 274 Stabilization tank

275 Balancing keel 300 Holding element 310 First part of holding element 320 Second part of holding element 330 Fastening element

400 Three-dimensional printing device

410 Hardening material

411 Printed layer of hardening material

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a building (200) comprising at least the following steps, preferably carried out by a plurality of robotic devices: a. Provision, preferably by a robotic device, of at least a first module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) having the function of partially forming at least one of a wall (210), a floor (220), a pillar (260), a beam (260), a ceiling (230), a foundation (251), a roof (240), said module comprising at least: - A first support layer (110 ) having an internal face (111) extending mainly along a first plane; A second support layer (120) having an inner face (121) extending mainly in a second plane parallel to the first plane; - A plurality of pads (130) keeping the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120) at a distance from each other, this plurality of pads (130) defining a volume, called volume d printing (132), between the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120); - Said print volume (132) is intended to receive at least one hardening material (410) arranged in successive layers defining a laminated structure printed in said print volume (132); A functional layer (150, 180) carried by the first (110) and / or the second (120) support layer, the functional layer (150, 180) being configured to perform at least one function taken from a drainage function and an isolation function; A first topcoat (140) carried by the first backing layer (110); A second topcoat (160) carried by the second support layer (120); b. Arrangement of the module (100) according to its function, preferably by a robotic device; vs. Printing of a hardening material in the module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) by at least one three-dimensional printing device (400), preferably robotic, the printing step being configured to so that the ratio between the print rate and the curing time of the hardening material is configured so that the force generated by the pressure applied to the walls of the print volume by the hardening material is less than a threshold value beyond which the foreground and second plane deviate by a distance of more than X% or deviate to present an inclination greater than X%, X being equal to 5, preferably to 2 and advantageously to 1. 2. Method according to the preceding claim wherein the first module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) is configured to form a ground (220) and wherein the first module (100, 210, 220, 230 , 240, 251, 260) comprises at least one hinge element (170) and in which the first support layer (110) is articulated in rotation with respect to the second support layer (120) via the element hinge (170) so as to allow the alternating passage from a first position in which the first and second planes are parallel to each other to a second position in which the first and second planes are inclined relative to each other to the other, the alternating passage from the first position to the second position being effected by rotation about an axis parallel to the first plane and / or to the second plane, and in which said step of printing the hardening material in the module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) by at least one three-dimensional printing (400) is performed: a. after the following steps: - Horizontal layout of the module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) Passage from the first position to the second position, preferably by a robotic device; b. before the next step; Passage from the second position to the first position, preferably by a robotic device. 3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims comprising the supply, preferably by a robotic device, of at least a first module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) having the function of forming in part of at least one of a wall (210), a floor (220), a pillar (260), a beam (260), a ceiling (230), a foundation (251), a roof (240), and wherein the first and / or the second module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) comprise at least one junction element configured to provide the mechanical junction between the first module (100, 210, 220, 230 , 240, 251, 260) and the second module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260). 4. Building (200) comprising a plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), each module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules having for the function of forming in part at least one of a wall (210), a floor (220), a ceiling (230), a foundation (251), a pillar (260), a beam (260), a roof (240), each module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) comprising at least: a. A first support layer (110), preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face (111) extending mainly in a first plane; b. A second support layer (120), preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face (121) extending mainly along a second plane parallel to the first plane; vs. A plurality of studs (130), preferably having a layered structure, preferably being made of polymer, keeping the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120) at a distance from each other, this plurality of pads (130) defining a volume, said print volume (132), between the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120); d. Said print volume (132) encloses at least one hardening material (410) having a layered structure within said print volume (132) e. A functional layer (150, 180) carried by the first (110) and / or the second (120) support layer, the functional layer (150, 180) being configured to perform at least one function taken from a drainage function and an isolation function; f. A first topcoat (140) carried by the first backing layer (110); g. A second finishing layer (160) carried by the second support layer (120). Said building comprising walls (210), at least one floor (220) and at least one ceiling (230) in which at least part of the walls (210) is formed by at least part of the modules (100, 210, 220 , 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of molds (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), in which at least part of the floors (220) is formed by another part of the modules ( 100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), and in which at least part of the ceiling (230) is formed by another part of the modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260). 5. Building (200) according to the preceding claim comprising at least one pillar (260) and wherein at least part of the pillar (260) is formed by at least another part of the modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240 , 251, 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260). 6. Building (200) according to any one of the two preceding claims comprising at least one beam (260) and in which at least part of the beam (260) is formed by at least another part of the modules (100, 210). , 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260). 7. Building (200) according to any one of the three preceding claims comprising at least one foundation (251) and wherein at least part of the foundation (251) is formed by at least another part of the modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260). 8. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) intended to form part of a building (200), said module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) being characterized. in that it includes at least: a. A first support layer (110) having an inner face (111) extending mainly in a first plane; b. A second support layer (120) having an inner face (121) extending mainly in a second plane parallel to the first plane; vs. A plurality of pads (130) keeping the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120) at a distance from each other, this plurality of pads (130) defining a volume, said volume of printing (132), between the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120); d. Said imprint volume (132) is configured to receive at least one hardening material (410) arranged in successive layers defining a laminate structure imprinted in said imprint volume (132); e. A functional layer (150, 180) carried by the first (110) and / or the second (120) support layer, the functional layer (150, 180) being configured to perform at least one function taken from a drainage function and an isolation function; f. A first topcoat (140) carried by the first support layer (110); g. A second finishing layer (160) carried by the second support layer (120). 9. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim wherein the first support layer comprises at least a first grid (110) having a laminated structure, preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably of printed polymer fibers, and wherein the second support layer comprises at least a second grid (120) having a layered structure, preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably of printed polymer fibers. 10. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim wherein the first grid (110) comprises a multilayer configuration composed of a layer of transverse fibers arranged between two layers of longitudinal fibers, and wherein the second grid (120) comprises a multilayer configuration composed of a layer of transverse fibers disposed between two layers of longitudinal fibers. 11. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the two preceding claims wherein the first grid (110) and the second grid (120) each comprise a layered structure formed of one or more polymers. 12. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of claims 8 to 11 wherein the plurality of pads (130) is configured to support, in part at least and preferably to it alone, at least one metal frame (131), the metal frame preferably extends being preferably fixed the plurality of studs (130). 13. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the claims 8 to 12 wherein the first topcoat (140) comprises at least a first mechanical reinforcement layer (141) having a laminated structure and being disposed on the outer face (112) of the first backing layer (110), and wherein the second topcoat (160) comprises at least a second mechanical reinforcement layer (161) having a layered structure and disposed on the outer face (122) of the second backing layer (120) or on the outer face of the insulation layer (150). 14. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim wherein the first mechanical reinforcement layer (141) comprises at least one thermal device configured to transfer heat to or from the module. (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), preferably a pipe for circulating a calorific fluid, embedded in said first layer of mechanical reinforcement (141). 15. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the two preceding claims wherein the first finishing layer (140) comprises at least a first coating layer (142) located at the surface of the first layer of mechanical reinforcement (141) and comprising at least one of: a coating, tiles, parquet, stones, plaster, paint, moldings. 16. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the three preceding claims wherein the second finishing layer (160) comprises at least a second coating layer (162) located at the surface of the second layer of mechanical reinforcement (161) and comprising at least one of: a coating, tiles, parquet, stones, plaster, paint, moldings. 17. A module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of claims 8 to 16 wherein the functional layer comprises a drainage layer (180) configured to drain liquids in contact with said. layer. 18. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim wherein the drainage layer (180) comprises a first plurality of filters (181), a second plurality of filters (182) and a third plurality of filters (183), the first plurality of filters (181) having a particle size smaller than the particle size of the second plurality of filters (182), the particle size of the second plurality of filters (182) being smaller than the particle size of the third plurality of filters (183), the first plurality of filters (181) being disposed upstream of the second plurality of filters (182) relative to the direction of drainage of the liquids, the second plurality of filters (182) being arranged in upstream of the third plurality of filters (183) relative to the direction of drainage of the liquids. 19. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim wherein at least part of the filters of each plurality of filters (181, 182, 183) has a layered structure produced by three-dimensional printing. , preferably from a polymeric material. 20. A module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the three preceding claims wherein the drainage layer (180) comprises a plurality of drainage pipes (184) inclined with respect to. a horizontal plane so as to allow drainage of liquids. 21. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of claims 8 to 20 wherein the functional layer comprises at least one insulation layer (150), the insulation layer (150) comprising at least one frame (151) defining an insulation space (156) disposed between the outer face of the second support layer and a cover (154) carried by said frame (151). 22. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim wherein the insulation space (156) is intended to receive at least one insulating material, preferably having a laminated structure made by three-dimensional printing. 23. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the two preceding claims wherein the insulation layer (150) comprises at least a first additional mechanical reinforcement layer (152) , preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, disposed on the outer face (122) of the second support layer (120). 24. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the three preceding claims wherein the insulation layer (150) comprises, preferably in the insulation space (156 ), passages (155) intended for the passage of cables and / or fluid conduits. 25. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of claims 21 to 24 wherein the insulation layer (150) comprises at least one thermal device configured to transfer heat. to or from the module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), preferably a circulation pipe (157) of a calorific fluid, disposed at least in part in the insulation space (156 ). 26. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of claims 8 to 25 comprising at least one hinge element (170) and in which the first support layer (110) is articulated. rotating relative to the second support layer (120) via the hinge element (170) so as to allow the alternating passage from a first position where the first and second planes are parallel to each other 'another at a second position where the first and second planes are inclined relative to each other, the alternating passage from the first position to the second position being effected by rotation about an axis parallel to the first plane and / or in the background. 27. A method of manufacturing at least one module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of claims 8 to 26 comprising at least the following steps: at. Three-dimensional printing of the first support layer (110), preferably of polymer; b. Three-dimensional printing of the second support layer (120), preferably of polymer; vs. Three-dimensional printing of the plurality of pads (130) on the inner face (111, 121) of one of at least the first (110) and the second (120) support layer; d. Three-dimensional printing of the first top layer (140) on the outer face (112) of the first backing layer (110); e. Realization of the functional layer (150, 180) on the external face (122) of the second grid (120); f. Three-dimensional printing of the second topcoat (160) on the outer face of the functional layer (150, 180). 28. The method of the preceding claim comprising, after or during the step of printing the plurality of pads (130), installing at least one metal frame (131) supported by said plurality of pads (130). 29. A method according to any one of the preceding two claims wherein the three-dimensional impression of the first topcoat (140) comprises at least: a. Three-dimensional printing on the outer face (112) of the first backing layer (110) of at least a first mechanical reinforcement layer (141); b. Printing, preferably three-dimensional, on the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer (141) with at least a first coating layer (142). 30. A method according to any one of the preceding three claims wherein the three-dimensional printing of the second topcoat (160) comprises at least: a. Three-dimensional printing on the outer face of the insulation layer (150) of at least a second layer of mechanical reinforcement (161); b. Printing, preferably three-dimensional, on the outer face of the second layer of mechanical reinforcement (161) with a second coating layer (162). 31. A method according to any one of claims 27 to 30 wherein the production of the functional layer (150, 180) comprises the production of an insulating layer (150) comprising at least: a. Installing a frame (151) on the outer face (122) of the second backing layer (120); b. The three-dimensional printing of a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement (152) on at least part of the outer face (122) of the second support layer (120) within the space defined by said frame ( 151); vs. Filling the insulation space (156) defined by said frame (151) with an insulating material (153), preferably by three-dimensional printing; d. Arrangement of a cover (154) above, and preferably in contact with, said frame (151) and said insulating material (153). 32. Method according to the preceding claim comprising, during and / or after the step of producing the insulation layer (150), the positioning in the insulation layer (150) of at least one passage (155) intended for to receive at least one of at least: an electric cable, a pipe, a ventilation, an optical cable, a heat pipe or any other thermal device and / or heating installation. 33. A method according to any one of claims 27 to 32 wherein the production of the functional layer (150, 180) comprises the production of a drainage layer (180) comprising at least: a. Printing a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement (152) on the outer face (122) of the second backing layer (120); b. Three-dimensional printing of a first plurality of filters (181), a second plurality of filters (182), and a third plurality of filters (183) on the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer (152) vs. Printing and / or positioning of at least one drainage pipe (170) over at least part of the first plurality of filters (181) and / or the second plurality of filters (182) and / or the third plurality of filters (183) and / or the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer (152). 34. Method according to any one of claims 27 to 33 comprising a step of securing the first support layer (110) with the second support layer (120), this joining being carried out by at least one of the following ways : bonding of the plurality of studs (130) on the internal face (111, 121) of the other among at least the first (110) and the second (120) support layer, production of at least one hinge element ( 170) integral with the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120).