WO2021028624A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi de cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bouchons isolants inter-panneaux - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi de cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bouchons isolants inter-panneaux Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021028624A1 WO2021028624A1 PCT/FR2019/000130 FR2019000130W WO2021028624A1 WO 2021028624 A1 WO2021028624 A1 WO 2021028624A1 FR 2019000130 W FR2019000130 W FR 2019000130W WO 2021028624 A1 WO2021028624 A1 WO 2021028624A1
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- Prior art keywords
- insulating
- inter
- insulating plug
- casing
- plug
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
- F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/20—Building or assembling prefabricated vessel modules or parts other than hull blocks, e.g. engine rooms, rudders, propellers, superstructures, berths, holds or tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0308—Radiation shield
- F17C2203/032—Multi-sheet layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0345—Fibres
- F17C2203/035—Glass wool
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/066—Plastics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
- F17C2209/238—Filling of insulants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
- F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
- F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes.
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquid at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) having for example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at approximately -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- a wall structure for producing the flat wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprises a multilayer structure comprising, from the exterior of the vessel towards the interior of the vessel, a secondary thermally insulating barrier, a secondary waterproof membrane, a primary thermally insulating barrier and a primary waterproofing membrane intended for to be in contact with the liquid contained in the tank.
- Such tanks include juxtaposed insulating panels so as to form the thermally insulating barriers.
- insulating gaskets are inserted between two insulating panels.
- Document JP04194498 describes a sealed and thermally insulating tank for the storage and transport of cryogenic liquid comprising a thermally insulating barrier made up of insulating panels juxtaposed in a regular pattern.
- a flat insulating gasket is arranged between two adjacent insulating panels in order to prevent gas convection phenomena between the two adjacent insulating panels.
- Such a flat insulating seal consists of an insulating core surrounded by a sealed plastic film bag.
- Such a flat insulating gasket is inserted into the inter-panel space in a compressed state under vacuum and the sealed bag is pierced after insertion in order to allow the flat insulating gasket to expand and occupy the entire space between the two panels forming the. 'inter-panel space.
- a flat insulating gasket such as according to document JP04194498 allows good insertion of the flat insulating gasket into the inter-panel space and good occupation of said inter-panel space.
- a flat insulating joint can generate with use the presence of ducts promoting natural convection.
- the thermal contraction behavior of the flat insulating seal is determined by the plastic film bag.
- such a plastic film bag has a thermal contraction coefficient greater than the thermal contraction coefficient of the insulating panels.
- An idea underlying the invention is to provide a tank wall for the manufacture of a sealed and thermally insulating tank which does not have these drawbacks.
- An idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall in which an insulating plug fills the inter-panel space between two adjacent panels with a thermally insulating barrier reliably and without generating a vacuum. in said inter-panel space during use of the tank.
- the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall comprising a thermally insulating barrier defining a flat support surface and a sealing membrane resting on said flat support surface of the thermally insulating barrier, the thermally insulating barrier comprising a plurality of insulating panels juxtaposed in a regular pattern, side faces facing two adjacent insulating panels jointly delimiting an inter-panel space separating said two adjacent insulating panels, the tank wall further comprising an insulating plug arranged in the inter-panel space so as to fill said inter-panel space, said insulating plug comprising an insulating core covered at least partially by an envelope, at least a central portion of said core insulation comprising laminated glass wool, said laminated glass wool comprising layers of fibers superimposed in a direction of lamination, the insulating plug being arranged in the inter-panel space so that the direction of lamination of said portion central is parallel to a width direction of the inter-panel space, that is to say the direction of spacing between the two side faces facing each other.
- Such a tank wall has good insulation characteristics of the thermally insulating barrier.
- such a tank wall has a thermally insulating barrier ensuring continuous insulation regardless of the filling state of the tank.
- the envelope surrounding the insulating core of the insulating plug has a low coefficient of friction allowing the insertion of said insulating plug into the entire inter-panel space in a simple and reliable manner.
- This insertion is facilitated by the orientation of the laminated glass wool of the central portion of the insulating core, which allows good compression of the insulating core in the width direction of the inter-panel space, for its insertion.
- such an arrangement of the glass wool allows good compression in a simple way of the insulating core in the width direction of the inter-panel space for its insertion in the inter-panel space.
- This arrangement of the laminated glass wool also allows the insulating core to expand quickly and easily after inserting the insulating plug into the inter-panel space thus making it possible to best fill the inter-panel space.
- this envelope preferably has a contraction behavior close to the behavior of the insulating core so that the insulating plug does not deform irregularly, for example by undulating, and matches the dimensions of the inter-panel space whatever. the filling level of the tank.
- such a wall may include one or more of the following characteristics.
- the direction of lamination of the laminated glass wool constituting the central portion of the insulating core is perpendicular to at least one of the side faces facing the two adjacent insulating panels delimiting the inter space. panels.
- the side faces facing each other of the two adjacent insulating panels delimiting the inter-panel space are parallel.
- the layers of fibers of the laminated glass wool constituting the central portion of the insulating core are parallel to the faces of the adjacent insulating panels defining the inter-panel space.
- the direction called insulating core length or insulating plug length extends along a length direction of the inter-panel space.
- the insulating core also comprises, at at least one of the longitudinal ends of the central portion, at least one end portion comprising laminated glass wool, said end portion comprising layers of fibers superimposed according to a lamination direction parallel to the length direction of the insulating plug.
- the insulating plug also comprises, at at least one of the longitudinal ends, at least one end piece comprising laminated glass wool comprising layers of fibers superimposed in a direction of layering parallel to the direction of length of the insulating plug, said end piece being separated from the insulating core by the casing.
- the insulating core comprises at least one separator developing in a plane perpendicular to a thickness direction of the vessel wall, said separator separating the laminated glass wool into a plurality of sections of laminated glass wool aligned in said direction of thickness of the tank.
- the insulating core has a plurality of separators separating the laminated glass wool into a plurality of laminated glass wool sections aligned along the thickness direction of the vessel wall
- said separators are spaced 5 to 20 cm apart in the direction of thickness of the tank wall.
- one or more separators are made of kraft paper.
- the separator or separators are bonded to the sections of glass wool that said separator or separators separate.
- the separator or separators develop along the width direction of the inter-panel space over a distance less than the thickness of the insulating plug taken along said width direction of the inter-panel space. Thanks to these characteristics, the insulating plug has a rigidity in the direction of the thickness allowing its compression in a uniform manner for its insertion in the inter-panel space. Furthermore, such separators allow a pressure drop in the direction of thickness of the container wall limiting the convection through the laminated glass wool in the wall of 'tank.
- the insulating core comprises a laminated glass wool having a density of between 20 and 45 kg / m3.
- the central portion of the insulating core comprises a first insulating layer of laminated glass wool and a second insulating layer of laminated glass wool, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer being superimposed along the width direction of the inter-panel space, the laminated glass wool of the first and second insulating layers having a direction of lamination parallel to the width direction of the inter-panel space, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer being separated by a separating sheet developing parallel to the faces of the two insulating panels.
- the laminated glass wool of the first insulating layer has a lamination direction parallel to the width direction of the inter-panel space.
- the laminated glass wool of the second insulating layer has a lamination direction parallel to the width direction of the inter-panel space.
- the laminated glass wool of the first insulating layer has a density greater than the density of the laminated glass wool of the second insulating layer.
- the first insulating layer comprises a laminated glass wool with a density of between 33 and 45 kg / m 3.
- the second insulating layer comprises a laminated glass wool having a density of between 20 and 28 kg / m3.
- the first insulating layer comprises at least one separator, preferably made of kraft paper, separating the laminated glass wool of said first layer into a plurality of laminated glass wool sections aligned in the direction of thickness of the layer. the tank wall.
- the separating sheet is made of glass fabric or of kraft paper. According to one embodiment, the separating sheet is smaller than the insulating layers in the length and width directions of the insulating core. This characteristic makes it possible to prevent the separating sheet from adversely affecting the compressibility of the insulating core during installation.
- an insulating layer for example the first insulating layer, can be dedicated to ensuring good rigidity to the insulating plug and an insulating layer, for example the second insulating layer, can be dedicated to allowing a controlled deformation of the insulating plug. according to its thickness direction in order to facilitate its insertion into the inter-panel space.
- the envelope completely surrounds the insulating core.
- the envelope partially surrounds the insulating core
- the envelope comprises a plurality of envelope portions glued together and / or glued to the insulating core.
- the different adjacent envelope portions have one or more overlap zones covering or being covered by an overlap zone of an adjacent envelope portion.
- the various adjacent envelope portions are assembled by gluing at their overlap zones.
- At least a portion of the envelope comprises a material chosen from kraft paper, polymer sheets, composite sheets including mineral fibers and a polymer matrix, composite sheets including mineral fibers bonded to a sheet of paper or polymer, and combinations thereof.
- At least a portion of the envelope comprises a material chosen from among polymer sheets, composite sheets including mineral fibers and a polymer matrix, composite sheets including mineral fibers bonded to a sheet of paper. or polymer, and combinations thereof.
- the envelope can be manufactured in the form of an assembly of several portions obtained by cutting one or more sheet materials from the above list. Each portion is designed to cover a respective part of the insulating core and to be assembled with the other portions, for example by gluing, to form the envelope.
- at least 40% of the surface area of the envelope comprises sheet materials chosen from polymer sheets, composite sheets including mineral fibers and a polymer matrix, composite sheets including mineral fibers bonded to. a sheet of paper or polymer, and their combinations
- the envelope is not made entirely of kraft paper assembled by gluing.
- no portion of the envelope is made of kraft paper.
- the envelope has planar envelope portions extending perpendicular to the width direction of the inter-panel space on either side of the insulating core.
- all or part of the envelope in particular at least one of the flat envelope portions, comprises a sheet of composite material comprising mineral fibers and a polymer matrix. This characteristic allows good dimensional stability of the envelope against moisture.
- the mineral fibers are in the form of a fabric or a mat.
- the fabric or mat of mineral fibers is impregnated or coated with the polymer matrix.
- the polymer matrix impregnating or coating the fabric or mat with mineral fibers is selected from the group consisting of solvated adhesives, polyurethanes, silicones, rubbers, epoxies and polyester.
- Other resins can be used. , for example polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, or other thermoplastics.
- the polymer matrix comprises a sheet of polymer covering the mineral fibers on at least one of the two faces of the fabric or mat of mineral fibers.
- the composite sheet is covered, for example on an exterior or interior side of the casing, totally or partially, with a sheet of polymer or, if the composite sheet already comprises a sheet of polymer, with another sheet of polymer.
- the polymer sheet, or the other polymer sheet is adhered to the composite sheet.
- the composite sheet is covered, for example on an exterior or interior side of the envelope, totally or partially, with a sheet of paper or, if the composite sheet already comprises a sheet of paper, with another sheet of paper.
- the sheet of paper is glued to the composite sheet.
- the paper is for example kraft paper. If the sheet of composite material is not sufficiently waterproof, the sheet of paper makes it possible to increase the tightness of the envelope to the level necessary for the depressurization of the insulating plug for its insertion into the inter-panel space. In addition, the paper allows the insulating gasket to slide more easily into the inter-panel space during installation.
- the sheet of polymer covering the mineral fibers is bonded to said fabric or mat of mineral fibers by a heat-bonding or point-bonding process.
- the polymer sheet covering the fabric or mat of mineral fibers or the composite sheet is made of a resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride.
- the mineral fibers are selected from the group consisting of glass fibers and basalt fibers.
- the polymer sheet has a basis weight of between 10 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 20 and 40 g / m 2 .
- the polymer matrix has a density of between 0.8 and 1.4.
- At least one of the planar envelope portions comprises kraft paper.
- the envelope comprises a ridge envelope portion extending in the width direction of the inter-panel space between the flat envelope portions located on either side of the insulating core. , said edge casing portion being disposed over all or part of the periphery of the insulating core.
- the ridge portion comprises rectilinear ridge portions and wedge ridge portions.
- the ridge portion comprises kraft paper.
- the kraft paper used in the ridge wrap portion is adhesive.
- the kraft paper used for at least one of the flat envelope portions and / or at least one of the edge envelope portions has a grammage of between 60 and 150 g / m2 and preferably between 70 and 100g / m2.
- the ridge portion comprises a sheet of polymer.
- the polymer sheet is adhesive.
- the casing has a seal exhibiting a leakage rate configured to allow compression by depression of the insulating plug under the effect of a suction system, for example of the vacuum pump or vacuum generator type. with Venturi system.
- the difference in thermal contraction coefficient between the thermal contraction coefficient of the insulating core and the thermal contraction coefficient of the casing is less than or equal to 15.10 6 / K.
- the thermal contraction coefficient of the insulating core is between 5.10 _6 / K and 10.10 6 / K.
- the coefficient of thermal contraction of the envelope is between 5.10 ⁇ 6 / K and 20.10 ⁇ 6 / K.
- the compression of the envelope when it contracts under the effect of cold does not compress the insulating core significantly.
- this compression does not risk deforming the insulating core to the point that said insulating core takes on a corrugated shape, such a wavy shape being able to generate voids promoting convection.
- the insulating panels of the thermally insulating barrier comprise blocks of polyurethane foam.
- the invention also provides a method of manufacturing a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall, said method comprising the steps of:
- thermally insulating barrier of sealed and thermally insulating tank wall said thermally insulating barrier comprising a plurality of insulating panels juxtaposed in a regular pattern, the side faces facing two adjacent insulating panels defining an inter-panel space separating said two adjacent insulating panels,
- a parallelepipedal insulating plug comprising an insulating core, said insulating plug comprising a casing entirely covering the insulating core,
- the insulating plug is quick and easy to insert into the inter-panel space.
- maintaining the vacuum in the insulating plug during its insertion into the inter-panel space makes it possible to keep the insulating plug in a compressed form, the insulating plug then retaining a reduced thickness due to its compression which facilitates its insertion into the inter-panel space.
- such a method for manufacturing a vessel wall may include one or more of the following characteristics.
- the reduction in thickness of the insulating plug is such that the insulating plug has a thickness less than the width of the inter-panel space.
- the suction nozzle of the suction system is configured to perforate the envelope of the insulating plug, the step of inserting the suction nozzle into the insulating plug comprising a step of perforating the envelope by said suction nozzle of the suction system.
- the step of inserting the suction tip into the insulating plug is simple since it simply requires piercing the envelope with said suction tip.
- the suction nozzle comprises a collar, the step of inserting the suction nozzle of the suction system into the insulating plug comprising the step of bringing the collar to bear against the 'envelope.
- the insulating core of the insulating plug comprises at least a central portion of laminated glass wool, said central portion of laminated glass wool comprising a plurality of layers of fibers superimposed in a direction of lamination, and in which l The suction nozzle is inserted into the insulating plug at a ridge face of the insulating plug.
- the ridge face through which the suction tip is inserted is parallel to the direction of lamination of the laminated glass wool.
- the laminated glass wool of the central portion of the insulating core is arranged in the parallelepipedic insulating plug so that the layers of fibers are parallel to the long sides of said parallelepipedal insulating plug.
- the insertion of the insulating plug into the inter-panel space is made so that the direction of lamination of the glass wool of the central portion is parallel to a support surface formed by the insulating panels of the central portion. thermally insulating barrier.
- the insertion of the insulating plug into the inter-panel space is made so that the direction of lamination of the laminated glass wool of the central portion is perpendicular to the side faces of the insulating panels delimiting the inter- space. panels.
- the insulating plug is inserted into the inter-panel space so that the webs of fibers of the laminated glass wool of the central portion are parallel to said side faces of the insulating panels.
- the layers of fibers of the laminated glass wool of the central portion with the aforementioned laminating direction do not generate a significant pressure drop during the vacuum step by suction via the suction system, allowing thus rapid and uniform compression of the insulating plug.
- this insertion of the end of the nozzle of the suction system at the level of a lateral face of the casing allows compression of the insulating plug without requiring an excessive pumping rate of the suction system, limiting thus the risks of degradation of the casing associated with excessive suction and detrimental to the compression of the insulating plug.
- the insulating core comprises separators arranged parallel to the direction of lamination of the central portion, the insulating plug being inserted into the inter-panel space so as to arrange said separators parallel to the support surface formed by the thermally insulating barrier.
- Such a method is also suitable for an insulating plug, the core of which corresponds to the embodiments described above, namely in particular a core comprising a or more end portions, or a plug comprising one or more end pieces.
- Such a method is suitable for an insulating plug whose envelope corresponds to the embodiments described above, namely in particular an envelope of which at least one of the portions comprises kraft paper, optionally adhesive, and / or a polymer material, optionally adhesive. , and / or a composite material comprising mineral fibers and a polymer matrix and / or a composite material comprising mineral fibers and a sheet of paper or polymer.
- an insulating plug has sufficient sealing to allow its compression by depression while providing an external surface easily allowing its insertion into the inter-panel space.
- the insulating plug is inserted into the inter-panel space with a face crossed by the suction nozzle of the suction system facing the interior of the tank.
- the step of inserting the insulating plug into the inter-panel space is not disturbed by the presence of the end piece passing through one face of the insulating plug.
- the casing has a leakage rate lower than the pumping rate of the suction system.
- the pressure losses of the casing due to the porosity of the materials, the possible imperfection of the bonding effecting the junction of the different portions of the casing, and the leak that may come from the orifice made in the envelope to insert the suction nozzle are less than the pressure drops created by the vacuum pump and its suction nozzle, which allows a vacuum to be generated in the insulating plug.
- the vacuum allows quickly and simply to obtain compression of the insulating plug for its insertion into the inter-panel space.
- the suction system has a pumping rate between 8m 3 / h and 30m 3 / h, preferably 15m 3 / h.
- the insulating plug in which in the insertion step, is guided in the inter-panel space by means of a rigid guide in the form of plates.
- Such a rigid guide allows easy insertion of the insulating plug into the inter-panel space.
- the method further comprises the step of cutting at least one of the side faces of the envelope after insertion of the insulating plug in the inter-panel space.
- a cut is for example made in the form of a stroke knife edge and allows better gas flow between adjacent insulating plugs in the thermally insulating barrier.
- the suction system is a vacuum pump. According to one embodiment, the suction system is a vacuum generator with a Venturi system.
- Such a vessel wall can form part of an onshore storage installation, for example for storing LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep-water structure, in particular an LNG vessel or any vessel using a combustible liquefied gas as fuel. , a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
- FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
- FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
- the invention provides a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a tank comprising the aforementioned sealed wall arranged in the double hull.
- the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a ship, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage installation to or from the vessel tank.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage installation. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or towards the floating or terrestrial storage installation towards or from the vessel of the vessel.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic perspective view of an insulating plug intended to be inserted between two insulating panels of a thermally insulating barrier of a sealed and thermally insulating tank;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating plug of Figure 1 in the assembled state
- FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the insulating plug of Figure
- FIG. 1; - Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of an installation for manufacturing laminated glass wool
- FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a vacuum pump nozzle during its insertion into an insulating plug of Figure 1;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating plug of Figure 2 associated with a vacuum pump in which the end of the tip of the vacuum pump is inserted into said insulating plug;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating plug of Figure 5 during its insertion into the inter-panel space between two adjacent panels of a thermally insulating barrier of sealed and thermally insulating tank;
- FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective schematic view of an insulating plug according to an alternative embodiment
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an insulating plug according to another variant embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cut-away schematic representation of an LNG vessel tank and a loading / unloading terminal for this tank.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of an insulating plug being inserted into an inter-panel space by means of a rigid guide;
- Figure 12 is a partial detail view of Figure 11.
- FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of the insulating plug, where the core includes a central portion and an end portion of laminated glass wool.
- FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an insulating plug according to an alternative embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating plug comprising a core covered by a casing and an end portion of laminated glass wool.
- Figure 16 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing another embodiment of the envelope.
- a sealed and thermally insulating tank for the storage and transport of a cryogenic fluid for example Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) comprises a plurality of tank walls each having a multilayer structure.
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- Such sealed and thermally insulating tank walls have, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier resting against a supporting structure, a secondary waterproofing membrane resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier, a barrier thermally insulating primary resting against the secondary waterproofing membrane and a primary waterproofing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank.
- the supporting structure can in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
- the supporting structure can in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
- the supporting structure has a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank, usually a blocky shape.
- thermally insulating barriers can be made in many ways, in many materials.
- Such thermally insulating barriers each comprise a plurality of insulating panels of parallelepiped shape juxtaposed in a regular pattern.
- the insulating panels of these thermally insulating barriers jointly form flat support surfaces for the waterproofing membranes.
- Such insulating panels are for example made of blocks of polyurethane foam.
- Such insulating panels made from blocks of polyurethane foam may further comprise a cover plate and / or a bottom plate, for example made of plywood.
- the insulating plug 1 comprises an insulating core 4 covered by an envelope 5.
- This insulating plug 1 has a parallelepiped shape corresponding to the parallelepiped shape of the inter-panel space 2 and defining the shape of the insulating plug 1.
- this insulating plug 1 has two large flat faces 6 parallel. These two large flat faces 6 define a direction of length 7 of the insulating plug 1 and a direction of width 8 of the insulating plug 1. Edge faces 9 developing in a thickness direction 10 of the insulating plug 1 connect the sides of the large faces 6.
- the insulating core 4 has a central portion 11 made of glass wool.
- the glass wool used is a layered glass wool, i.e. the production process results in a glass wool mat consisting of multiple interlaced parallel webs, visible to the naked eye, which are superimposed in a lamination direction 12. In other words, the fibers are very predominantly oriented in planes perpendicular to the lamination direction 12.
- Such a laminated glass wool can be obtained for example by a manufacturing process on a horizontal conveyor belt 13, illustrated schematically in FIG. 4.
- a manufacturing process sand and crushed glass are melted in a furnace 14 whose temperature is for example 1300 to 1500 ° C.
- the molten crushed sand and glass are then made into fibers by high-speed spinning.
- a binder is added to these fibers and the assembly thus obtained is received on the horizontal conveyor belt 13 for passage through a polymerization oven 15 intended for the polymerization of the binder.
- the fibers are essentially parallel to the conveyor belt 13.
- the lamination direction corresponds to the vertical direction in the production tool because the lamination results from the effect of gravity.
- Other production methods are conceivable for producing laminated glass wool.
- the glass wool of the core 4 has a density of 22 or 35 or 40 kg / m 3 .
- the core 4 consists entirely of its central portion 11 of glass wool laminated in direction 12.
- the core 4 comprises sections 16 of glass wool separated by separators 17.
- Such separators 17 are developed. perpendicular to the direction of width 8 of the insulating plug 1.
- These separators 17 develop over the entire length 7 and throughout the thickness 10 of the insulating plug 1.
- the separators 17 are advantageously glued to the sections 16 of glass wool separated by said dividers 17.
- FIG. 1 thus illustrates a core 4 comprising four sections 16 of glass wool separated along the width direction 8 of the insulating plug 1 by three separators 17.
- FIG. 1 constitutes a preferred solution with respect to the number of separators, that is to say. that is, the minimum number of separators so as not to have convection when the temperature gradient is greater than 100 ° C.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the core 4 comprises three sections 16 separated along the width direction 8 from the insulating plug 1 by two separators 17.
- the glass wool is arranged in the core 4 so as to have a lamination direction 12 perpendicular to the width 8 of the insulating plug 1.
- the layers of fibers constituting the glass wool are arranged substantially parallel to the 8 width direction of the insulating plug 1.
- the glass wool is arranged in the core 4 with a direction of lamination 12 parallel to the direction of thickness 10 of the insulating plug 1, that is to say that the layers of fibers of the glass wool are substantially parallel to the large faces 6 of the insulating plug 1.
- the layers of fibers constituting the glass wool are arranged substantially parallel to the direction of width 8 and to the direction of length 7 of the insulating plug 1.
- the insulating core comprises, at at least one of the longitudinal ends of the central portion 11, an end portion 50 made of laminated glass wool.
- This end portion manufactured using the same process as the glass wool of the central portion 11 also consists of layers of superimposed fibers, but its direction of lamination is different from that of the glass wool of the central portion 11: it is parallel to the direction of length 7 of the insulating plug 1.
- Such an end portion gives better longitudinal compressibility to the insulating core to ensure perfectly contiguous mounting of several insulating plugs 1 arranged end to end between two insulating panels 3.
- the end portion 50 may for example have a dimension of 1 cm in the direction of its lamination direction, that is to say according to the length of the insulating plug 1. This dimension can be reduced to 5 mm when putting under vacuum of the end portion 50, thanks to the compressibility that its structure gives it in the direction of the length of the insulating plug 1.
- the insulating plug 1 comprises an insulating core consisting only of a central portion 11 of laminated glass wool such as that described in the first embodiment, and covered by an envelope 5, and the insulating core also comprises, at at least one of its longitudinal ends, an end piece 51, located outside the casing 5.
- This end piece 51 is made of laminated glass wool. and has the same technical characteristics as the end portion 51 described above.
- the glass wool of the end piece 50 has a density of 20 or 35 or 40 kg / m 3 .
- the envelope 5 comprises a plurality of envelope portions. More particularly, the envelope 5 comprises flat envelope portions 18, rectilinear edge envelope portions 19 and corner edge envelope portions 20. These envelope portions 18, 19, 20 are fixed, for example by gluing, to the core 4.
- the flat shell portions 18 cover the core 4 and form the large faces 6 of the insulating plug 1. These flat shell portions 18 are deformed rectangular and of dimensions substantially identical to the dimensions of the core 4 on its large faces.
- the rectilinear edge envelope portions 19 comprise a central section of rectangular shape covering a corresponding edge face of the core 4. This central section forms a corresponding edge face 9 of the insulating plug 1.
- the envelope portions d 'rectilinear edge 19 also comprise, on either side of the central section, a return 21. These returns 21 develop from the longitudinal sides of the central portion. These returns 21 develop parallel to a respective flat envelope portion 18 so as to cover an edge of said flat envelope portion 18. These returns 21 are glued to said edges of flat envelope portions 18.
- the rectilinear edge casing portions 19 form an edge face 9 of the insulating plug 1 and also cover the core 4 at the level of edges 22 connecting said edge face 9 and the large faces 6.
- the corner ridge casing portions 20 cover the rectilinear ridge casing portions 19 forming two adjacent ridge faces 9 of the insulating plug 1. In other words, these corner ridge casing portions 20 cover the ridges of the core 4 at the level of the junction between two ridge faces 9 of the insulating plug 1. Analogously to the returns 21 of the ridge casing portions 19, the corner ridge casing portions 20 have corner returns 23 developing parallel to and covering the ends of the returns 21 of the corresponding ridge casing portions 19. The corner ridge shell portions 20 are glued to the ridge shell portions 19 which they cover.
- the different envelope portions 18, 19, 20 are glued to each other and to the glass wool to form a continuous envelope 5 integrally surrounding the core 4.
- the portions 18 and 19 placed on the bottom and top can be made in one piece of kraft.
- the envelope 5 completely surrounds the core 4 without being glued to it.
- the envelope 5 is made of kraft paper.
- a kraft paper offers a low coefficient of friction thus allowing the sliding of the insulating plug 1 in the inter-panel space 2 during its insertion into said inter-panel space 2.
- such kraft paper has a coefficient of thermal contraction. of the order of 5 to 20 * 10 6 / K.
- a thermal contraction coefficient close to that of the insulating core 4 placed in the inter-panel space. So the insulating plug 1 exhibits uniform cold behavior.
- the insulating core 4 is not at risk of deforming under the effect of compression linked to the thermal contraction of the casing 5.
- the insulating core 4 is not at risk of deforming by taking a wavy shape. under the effect of this compression, such a corrugated shape generating in the inter-panel space 2 voids promoting convection and therefore detrimental to the insulating properties of the thermally insulating barrier.
- the kraft paper of the envelope 5 has a weight greater than 60 g / m 2 in order to avoid the risk of tearing of the envelope 5 during the insertion of the insulating plug 1 in the inter-panel space.
- this kraft paper has a basis weight of less than 150 g / m 2 so that the casing 5 retains sufficient flexibility to allow the deformation of the insulating plug 1 by compression and preferably between 70 and 100 g / m 2 .
- all or some parts of the casing 5, for example the flat casing portions 18, are sheets of composite material made of a fabric or a mat of mineral fibers, for example. glass and basalt fibers, and a polymer matrix.
- other parts of the envelope 5, for example the edge portions 19, 20 can be made of kraft paper of the same characteristics as that used for the envelope described in the first embodiment.
- the kraft paper used for edge portions 19, 20 can be adhesive.
- Such a composite material has better dimensional stability than kraft paper, due to low sensitivity to humidity.
- the use of fabric or mat of mineral fibers in addition to the polymer matrix makes it possible to obtain a thermal contraction coefficient close to that of glass wool, so that the cold behavior of the insulating plug 1 is uniform. Indeed, if the casing is only made of polymer material, it risks having dimensional variations much greater than glass wool during temperature variations to which the wall of the tank is subjected, all the more so that this temperature gradient can reach high values, above 100 ° C. However, it is possible to choose a fabric or mat of glass fibers such that the difference between its thermal contraction coefficient and that of the glass wool is less than 5.10 6 K 1 .
- the fabric of mineral fibers used to make the composite material of which the flat envelope portions 18 are made may for example have a thermal contraction coefficient of the order of 10 5 K 1 in the direction of the length while that of the glass wool of the central portion 11 of the insulating core is between 5.10 6 K 1 and 8.1 CL 6 K -1 depending on the direction in which it is measured
- the incorporation of the polymer matrix into the composite sheet can be carried out according to the following two examples.
- the fabric of glass fibers or basalt is impregnated or coated with a polymer matrix, the latter being chosen from solvated glues, polyurethane, silicone, rubber, epoxies or the like.
- the basis weight of the composite sheet is between 50 and 400 g / m 2 and its thickness is between 25 and 500 ⁇ m.
- the fabric of glass or basalt fibers is covered with a sheet of polymer, bonded for example by a spot bonding or heat bonding process.
- This polymer sheet can be a plastic resin chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride.
- the density of the polymer matrix after drying is for example between 0.8 and 1.4.
- the thickness of the polymer sheet may be between 25 and 50 ⁇ m, which corresponds to a basis weight of, for example, between 20 and 40 g / m 2 .
- all or some parts of the casing are sheets of composite material made of a fabric or mat of mineral fibers, for example fibers. of glass and basalt, glued to a sheet of paper.
- the flat envelope portions 18 are sheets of composite material comprising a fabric or a mat of mineral fibers, for example glass and basalt fibers, and a polymer matrix. These composite sheets are covered with a sheet of paper 52 on their outer face, that is to say the one facing the insulation panel.
- the sheet of paper 52 covering the composite sheet is glued to the composite sheet constituting the planar envelope portion 18, and the inner face of the return 21 is also glued to the sheet of paper 52.
- Relative tightness is sufficient in order to be able to implement the method described below to insert the insulating plug 1 into the inter-panel space.
- the composite sheet as described optionally covered with an additional sheet of polymer or paper, makes it possible to obtain this relative seal.
- planar shell portions 18 are of composite material and the ridge shell portions 19, 20 are of adhesive tape. This further improves the dimensional stability against moisture, and the tightness of the enclosure.
- an insulating plug 1 having the structure as described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3 is provided.
- This insulating plug 1 has a shape complementary to the inter-panel space 2, typically a parallelepipedal shape as described above.
- This insertion process uses a suction system.
- a suction system is in the remainder of the description, by way of example, a vacuum pump 24 as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- a suction system is a vacuum generator with Venturi system.
- Such a vacuum pump 24 is connected to a suction nozzle 25 via a pumping pipe 26.
- This suction nozzle 25 has a flange 27 of planar circular shape.
- the suction nozzle 25 has a frustoconical shape so as to have an end opposite the pumping pipe 26 capable of perforating the casing 5.
- the suction nozzle 25, and more particularly its perforation end is inserted into the insulating plug 1 by perforating the casing 5. This perforation of the casing 5 generates a suction orifice 28 in the insulating plug 1.
- the suction nozzle 25 is inserted into the insulating plug 1 by passing through the casing 5 at a ridge face 9 intended to face the interior of the sealed and thermally insulating tank.
- the suction nozzle 25 is inserted into the insulating plug 1 on a ridge face 9 perpendicular to the direction of lamination 12 of the glass wool of the central portion 11.
- suction tip 25 is inserted into the insulating plug 1 until the flange 27 is brought into contact with the casing 5.
- the vacuum pump 24 is actuated in order to generate a vacuum in the insulating plug 1.
- the casing 5 has sufficient sealing, despite the porosity of the materials which may constitute it, such as for example kraft paper or a composite material consisting of a fabric or mat of mineral fibers and a polymer matrix, and the junction between the different envelope portions 18, 19, 20 by gluing. Thanks to this relative tightness, the pumping rate of the vacuum pump 24 is sufficient to create a negative pressure in the casing 5. In addition, the support of the collar 27 against the casing 5 makes it possible to limit the leakage rate. of the casing 5 at the level of the orifice 28 crossed by the suction nozzle 25.
- the casing 5 has a lower leakage rate than the pumping rate of the vacuum pump 24 so that the suction produced by the vacuum pump 24 generates a vacuum in the insulating plug 1.
- the pressure drops of the casing due to the porosity of the materials, the possible imperfection of the bonding effecting the junction of the portions of casing 18, 19, 20, and the leak that may come from the orifice 28 made in the casing for inserting the suction nozzle 25 therein, are less than the pressure drops created by the vacuum pump 25 and its suction nozzle 24, which makes it possible to generate a vacuum in the insulating plug 1.
- the suction generated by the vacuum pump 24 has a suction flow rate of between 8 and 30 m3 / h.
- the pumping rate is 15m3 / h. such a pumping rate of the vacuum pump 24 makes it possible to generate a vacuum in the insulating plug 1 without risking degrading the casing 5 made of kraft paper by an excessively high suction rate.
- the vacuum pump 24 comprises a filter for filtering any fibers and dust from the glass wool of the central portion 11 which can be sucked up by the vacuum pump 24.
- the suction produced by the vacuum pump is advantageously facilitated by the insertion of the suction nozzle 25 on a face situated on the ridge face 9 of the insulating plug 1 parallel to the direction of lamination 12 of the glass wool of the central portion 11.
- the insertion of the suction nozzle 25 on such a face located on the ridge face 9 of the insulating plug 1 allows suction without loss of load linked to the stratification of the various layers of fibers constituting the glass wool of the central portion 11.
- an arrangement of the glass wool of the central portion 11 with a direction of lamination 12 parallel to the direction of thickness 10 of the insulating plug 1 allows compression by depression of the insulating plug 1 along said direction of thickness 10 facilitated.
- the longitudinal compression of the insulating plug 1 is also facilitated by the end glass wool portion (s) 50, laminated in the length direction of the insulating plug 1.
- the vacuum in the insulating plug 1 produces a compression of the glass wool and therefore of the insulating plug 1.
- This compression of the glass wool 1 allows a reduction in the thickness of the insulating plug 1.
- the insulating plug 1 is dimensioned to present in the free state, that is to say uncompressed, a greater or lesser thickness. equal to the width of the inter-panel space 2 and in the compressed state a thickness less than said width of the inter-panel space 2.
- the insulating plug 1 is dimensioned to have an initial thickness, that is to say in the free state, of 35mm and, in a state of compression, a thickness of 25mm.
- the insulating plug 1 is then inserted into the inter-panel space 2 between two adjacent insulating panels 3 of the thermally insulating barrier. As illustrated in Figure 7 by arrows 29, the insulating plug 1 is inserted into the inter-panel space 2 with its large faces 6 parallel to the side faces of the adjacent insulating panels 3 delimiting the inter-panel space 2.
- the suction nozzle 25 is held in the insulating plug 1 and the vacuum pump 24 continuously generates a vacuum in said insulating plug 1 in order to keep the insulating plug 1 in its compressed state. Maintaining the insulating plug 1 in its compressed state makes it possible to facilitate its insertion into the inter-panel space 2 since the insulating plug 1 then has a thickness less than the width of the inter-panel space 2.
- the insulating plug 1 is inserted into the inter-panel space 2 so that the ridge face 9 through which the suction nozzle 25 passes is turned towards the inside of the tank, thus facilitating the handling of the 'assembly formed by the insulating plug 1 and the suction nozzle 25.
- the insulating plug 1 is advantageously inserted into the inter-panel space with a direction of lamination 12 parallel to the width of the inter-space. panels 2.
- the separators 17 are advantageously arranged in the insulating plug 1 so as to be parallel to the support surface 30 formed by the insulating panels 3. In FIG. 7, such insulating panels 3 comprise a block of foam. of polyurethane 31 covered by a plywood plate 32 forming the support surface 30. Such an arrangement of the separators 17 makes it possible to limit the convection through the glass wool of the central portion 11 in the vessel wall.
- the suction nozzle 25 is removed from the insulating plug 1. Therefore, the inside of the casing 5 is in communication with the environment. outside through the orifice 28. This communication allows the glass wool, because the vacuum is no longer maintained in the insulating plug 1, to expand in the absence of compressive stress. The expansion of the glass wool allows an increase in the thickness of the insulating plug 1 so that the insulating plug 1 completely fills the inter-panel space 2, thus ensuring good continuity of the insulation of the thermally insulating barrier.
- a rigid guide system can be used as a guide tool when inserting the insulating plug 1 into the inter-panel space 2.
- Such a guide system comprises a first rigid plate 33 and a second rigid plate 37. These two rigid plates 33, 37 each have an "L" section. formed by a large rectangular face 38 and a return 39 developing perpendicular to the large face 38.
- the large face 38 has dimensions similar to the dimensions of the large flat faces 6 of the insulating plug 1.
- An internal face of the return 39 of the first plate 33 comprises a handle 40.
- This handle is substantially centered in the longitudinal direction of said return 39.
- the return 39 of the second plate 37 has a notch allowing the handle 40 to be accommodated when the two plates 33, 37 are assembled as in FIG. 11.
- An internal face of the return 39 of the second plate 37 has two handles 41. These handles handles 41 are arranged on either side of the notch making it possible to house the handle 40 of the first plate 33.
- the insulating plug 1 In order to insert the insulating plug 1 into the inter-panel space 2 using the rigid plates 33, 37, the insulating plug 1 is inserted between the two rigid plates 33, 37. More particularly, the large faces 6 of the insulating plug 1 are interposed and compressed between the large faces 38 of the rigid plates 33, 37.
- the returns 39 of the rigid plates are superimposed in the direction of thickness of the vessel wall as illustrated in FIG. 12. This superposition is rendered possible by the housing of the handle 40 in the notch provided for this purpose of the return 39 of the second rigid plate 37.
- the rigid plates 33, 37, between which the insulating plug 1 is kept in its compressed state, can thus be inserted into the inter-panel space 2 with the insulating plug 1.
- the rigid plates can be removed using the handles 40, 41 thus freeing the insulating plug 1 from its compressed state and allowing its expansion to occupy the inter-panel space 2.
- FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the insulating plug 1.
- the elements which are identical or fulfill the same function as those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 bear the same reference.
- This first variant differs from the insulating plug 1 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 in that the central portion 11 of the insulating core 4 comprises two insulating layers superimposed in the direction of the thickness of the insulating plug 1.
- a first insulating layer 34 has a structure similar to the structure of the core described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3, that is to say a structure comprising sections 16 of the central portion 11 of laminated glass wool separated by dividers 17 made of kraft paper. Said sections 16 of laminated glass wool have a direction of lamination of the glass wool parallel to the support surface 30 formed by the insulating panels 3, preferably parallel to the width of the inter-panel space 2, i.e. parallel to the thickness direction 10 of the insulating plug 1.
- a second insulating layer 35 has a single layer of laminated glass wool.
- the direction of lamination of the laminated glass wool forming this second layer 35 is parallel to the support surface 30 formed by the insulating panels 3 and, preferably, parallel to the direction of thickness 10 of the insulating plug 1.
- the first insulating layer 34 and the second insulating layer 35 are separated by a separation layer 36.
- This separation layer 36 is for example made of glass fabric or kraft paper. In order to improve the compressibility of the insulating plug 1 in the direction of its length and its width, this separation layer 36 is preferably shortened in these two dimensions, as partially shown in Figure 14.
- the first insulating layer 34 has a laminated glass wool of greater density than the density of the laminated glass wool of the second insulating layer 35.
- the laminated glass wool of the first insulating layer 34 has a density of 35 to 40 kg / m3 and the laminated glass wool of the second insulating layer 35 has a density of 22 kg / m3.
- FIG. 9 represents a second variant embodiment of the insulating plug 1.
- the elements which are identical or fulfill the same function as those described above with regard to Figures 1 to 3 bear the same reference.
- This second variant differs from the first variant illustrated in Figure 8 in that the casing 5 does not entirely cover the insulating core 4.
- the second insulating layer 35 is not covered at the level of an edge face 9 of the insulating plug 1.
- one of the straight edge casing portions 19 does not. covers only the first insulating layer 34 and has only one return 21, said return 21 being bonded to the flat envelope portion 18 covering the first insulating layer 34.
- An insulating plug 1 according to the variants illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 has a good capacity for compression and expansion thanks to the second insulating layer 35 but retains a rigidity allowing its uniform deformation and limiting convection through the glass wool. laminated thanks to its first insulating layer 34.
- Such an insulating plug 1 can easily be deformed by compression to facilitate its insertion into the inter-panel space 2 while fully filling said inter-panel space 2 when the compression is not more maintained and avoiding convection in the thermally insulating barrier.
- This compression can be done with the use of a suction system such as a vacuum pump 24 in the case of an insulating plug 1 such as according to FIG.
- the technique described above for making a sealed and thermally insulating tank can be used in different types of tanks, for example to constitute the secondary insulating barrier and / or the primary insulating barrier of an LNG tank in an onshore installation or in a floating structure such as an LNG carrier or other.
- a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
- the wall of the vessel 71 comprises a primary waterproof barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary waterproof barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the vessel. primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double shell 72.
- loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
- FIG. 10 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
- the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm. mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74.
- the mobile arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
- the mobile swivel arm 74 adapts to all sizes of LNG carriers .
- a connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77.
- the latter comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75.
- the underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201980100701.3A CN114502871B (zh) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | 用于对具有面板间绝缘插入件的密封且热绝缘的罐的壁进行制造的方法 |
EP19778568.6A EP4010622A1 (fr) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi de cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bouchons isolants inter-panneaux |
JP2022507781A JP7329132B2 (ja) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | パネル間断熱インサートを備えた密閉断熱タンクの壁を製造するための方法 |
KR1020227007118A KR102707769B1 (ko) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | 패널간 단열하는 인서트들을 가진 밀봉되고 열적으로 단열하는 탱크의 벽을 제조하는 방법 |
PCT/FR2019/000130 WO2021028624A1 (fr) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi de cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bouchons isolants inter-panneaux |
US17/634,077 US12152733B2 (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Method for manufacturing a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank having inter-panel insulating inserts |
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PCT/FR2019/000130 WO2021028624A1 (fr) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi de cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bouchons isolants inter-panneaux |
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EP (1) | EP4010622A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP7329132B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR102707769B1 (fr) |
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Cited By (4)
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WO2023198637A1 (fr) | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
WO2023198766A1 (fr) | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
FR3141983A1 (fr) | 2022-11-15 | 2024-05-17 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
FR3142529A1 (fr) | 2022-11-29 | 2024-05-31 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d’un gaz liquéfié |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2021028624A1 (fr) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-02-18 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi de cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bouchons isolants inter-panneaux |
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FR2599468A1 (fr) | 1986-06-03 | 1987-12-04 | Technigaz | Structure de paroi thermiquement isolante de reservoir etanche |
JPH04194498A (ja) | 1990-11-28 | 1992-07-14 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | すきま充填用膨張性防熱材及びその取付方法 |
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- 2019-08-09 WO PCT/FR2019/000130 patent/WO2021028624A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2019-08-09 CN CN201980100701.3A patent/CN114502871B/zh active Active
- 2019-08-09 JP JP2022507781A patent/JP7329132B2/ja active Active
- 2019-08-09 EP EP19778568.6A patent/EP4010622A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-08-09 KR KR1020227007118A patent/KR102707769B1/ko active Active
- 2019-08-09 US US17/634,077 patent/US12152733B2/en active Active
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FR2599468A1 (fr) | 1986-06-03 | 1987-12-04 | Technigaz | Structure de paroi thermiquement isolante de reservoir etanche |
JPH04194498A (ja) | 1990-11-28 | 1992-07-14 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | すきま充填用膨張性防熱材及びその取付方法 |
FR2691520A1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1993-11-26 | Technigaz Ste Nle | Structure préfabriquée de formation de parois étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour enceinte de confinement d'un fluide à très basse température. |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2023198637A1 (fr) | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
WO2023198766A1 (fr) | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
FR3134571A1 (fr) | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-20 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
FR3134570A1 (fr) | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-20 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
FR3141983A1 (fr) | 2022-11-15 | 2024-05-17 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
WO2024104916A1 (fr) | 2022-11-15 | 2024-05-23 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
FR3142529A1 (fr) | 2022-11-29 | 2024-05-31 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d’un gaz liquéfié |
WO2024115505A1 (fr) | 2022-11-29 | 2024-06-06 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d'un gaz liquéfié |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN114502871A (zh) | 2022-05-13 |
JP2022546221A (ja) | 2022-11-04 |
US20220349524A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
KR20220045967A (ko) | 2022-04-13 |
JP7329132B2 (ja) | 2023-08-17 |
KR102707769B1 (ko) | 2024-09-20 |
CN114502871B (zh) | 2024-01-05 |
US12152733B2 (en) | 2024-11-26 |
EP4010622A1 (fr) | 2022-06-15 |
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