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WO2020156401A1 - 触控基板、触控驱动方法和电子装置 - Google Patents

触控基板、触控驱动方法和电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020156401A1
WO2020156401A1 PCT/CN2020/073679 CN2020073679W WO2020156401A1 WO 2020156401 A1 WO2020156401 A1 WO 2020156401A1 CN 2020073679 W CN2020073679 W CN 2020073679W WO 2020156401 A1 WO2020156401 A1 WO 2020156401A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating
touch
touch electrode
electrode
floating touch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/073679
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘国冬
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
合肥鑫晟光电科技有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 合肥鑫晟光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US16/968,282 priority Critical patent/US11287924B2/en
Publication of WO2020156401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020156401A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G06F3/04166—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G06F3/04164—Connections between sensors and controllers, e.g. routing lines between electrodes and connection pads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a touch substrate, a touch driving method for the touch substrate, and an electronic device.
  • Floating touch technology is an emerging touch technology. With the floating touch technology, even if the touch object (such as the user's finger) is not touching the touch screen of the electronic device, the touch function can be realized. However, the common floating touch technology does not support multi-touch.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a touch substrate, which includes: a substrate having a floating electrode region, wherein the floating electrode region includes a first floating electrode region and a second floating electrode sequentially arranged along a first direction Region, the floating electrode region further includes a third floating electrode region and a fourth floating electrode region sequentially arranged along a second direction, the second direction intersects the first direction, and the first floating electrode region, The third floating electrode region, the second floating electrode region, and the fourth floating electrode region are sequentially arranged in a clockwise direction; a plurality of floating touch electrodes located in the floating electrode region of the substrate, wherein: The plurality of floating touch electrodes includes a plurality of first touch electrode groups sequentially arranged along the second direction, and each first touch electrode group includes a first floating touch electrode located in the first floating electrode area.
  • Control electrodes and second floating touch electrodes located in the second floating electrode area the plurality of floating touch electrodes further include a plurality of second touch electrode groups arranged in sequence along the first direction, each The second touch electrode group includes a third floating touch electrode located in the third floating electrode area and a fourth floating touch electrode located in the fourth floating electrode area; and multiple floating touch electrodes located on the substrate.
  • the substrate further has a middle region, and the floating electrode region is a frame region located at the periphery of the middle region.
  • the touch substrate further includes: a floating touch control circuit configured to apply a driving signal to the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode included in the same first touch electrode group to A non-zero voltage difference is generated between the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode; in the process of applying the driving signal, the third floating The touch electrodes apply sensing signals, and detect output signals of fourth floating touch electrodes included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups.
  • a floating touch control circuit configured to apply a driving signal to the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode included in the same first touch electrode group to A non-zero voltage difference is generated between the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode; in the process of applying the driving signal, the third floating The touch electrodes apply sensing signals, and detect output signals of fourth floating touch electrodes included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups.
  • At least one of the drive signal and the induction signal is an AC signal.
  • the hovering touch control circuit is configured to: drive the plurality of first touch electrode groups one by one; and/or, one by one, for the third hovering touch electrodes included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups A sensing signal is applied, and output signals of the fourth floating touch electrodes included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups are detected one by one.
  • one of the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode is located between the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode
  • the other includes between two ends arranged in sequence along the second direction.
  • the first floating touch electrode is located between the two ends of the second floating touch electrode that are sequentially arranged along the second direction;
  • the second floating touch electrode is located along the second floating touch electrode included in the first floating touch electrode. The direction is arranged between the two ends.
  • each first floating touch electrode corresponds to one second floating touch electrode
  • each second floating touch electrode corresponds to one first floating touch electrode
  • the orthographic projection of a part of the plurality of signal lines on the substrate overlaps the orthographic projection of a part of the plurality of floating touch electrodes on the substrate.
  • the distance between adjacent first touch electrode groups and the distance between adjacent second touch electrode groups are both greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the distance between the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode included in the same first touch electrode group is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the sizes of the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode are both greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the distance between the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode included in the same first touch electrode group is the same as the distance between the first floating touch electrode and the second floating touch electrode.
  • the ratio between the dimensions of each of the floating touch electrodes is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the ratios are all greater than or equal to 100.
  • the touch substrate further includes a light shielding portion, wherein the plurality of floating touch electrodes and the plurality of signal lines are located in an area where the light shielding portion is projected on the substrate.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes the touch substrate described in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the electronic device further includes a non-floating touch structure, wherein the floating electrode area is located at the periphery of the orthographic projection of the non-floating touch structure on the substrate.
  • the electronic device includes: a non-floating touch device, which includes an array board and the non-floating touch structure, wherein the array board includes a plurality of switches arranged in an array; and a connecting glue located at Between the non-floating touch device and the touch substrate and connecting the non-floating touch device and the touch substrate.
  • the array panel is a display panel.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a touch driving method for the touch substrate of any one of the above embodiments, which includes: aligning the first floating touch electrodes and the second floating touch electrodes included in the same first touch electrode group.
  • the touch electrodes apply driving signals to generate a non-zero voltage difference between the first floating touch electrodes and the second floating touch electrodes; during the process of applying the driving signals, the plurality of second touches
  • the third floating touch electrodes included in the control electrode group apply sensing signals, and the output signals of the fourth floating touch electrodes included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups are detected.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic top view 1 of a touch substrate provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 1B is a second schematic top view of the touch substrate provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 1C is a third schematic top view of a touch substrate provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic top view fourth of a touch substrate provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • 3A is a schematic diagram of an electric field formed when the touch substrate provided by an embodiment of the disclosure is not performing a floating touch operation;
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of an electric field formed when a floating touch operation occurs on the touch substrate provided by an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a touch substrate, a manufacturing method of the touch substrate, a touch driving method for the touch substrate, and an electronic device.
  • a plurality of floating touch electrode rows and a plurality of floating touch electrode columns are provided in the touch substrate.
  • the touch object When the touch object is close to the floating touch electrode (the touch object is suspended above the outermost surface of the touch substrate, that is, the touch object does not touch the outermost surface), the electric field of the floating touch will change and the output signal will change. Therefore, the row coordinates and column coordinates of the touch position can be obtained according to the floating touch electrode row and the floating touch electrode column involved in the changed output signal.
  • each touch position can be detected to realize multi-point hovering touch.
  • glove operation that is, touch operation with gloves
  • automatic Wake-up position tracking (for example, the cursor in the touch area moves with the movement of the touch object), touch buttons, swing gestures, and rotary touch functions, which increase new user experience and open up new ways of human-computer interaction field.
  • a touch substrate 01 which includes a substrate 100 and a plurality of spaced and electrically insulated floating touch electrodes on the substrate 100 (see FIG. 1A to rectangular shaded blocks in FIG. 2), and leads 301 located on the substrate 100 and electrically connected to the floating touch electrodes.
  • each floating touch electrode is electrically connected to one signal line 301 and each signal line 301 is electrically connected to one floating touch electrode.
  • the touch substrate 01 further includes a floating touch control circuit (for example, an integrated circuit) 500, which is electrically connected to the floating touch electrode through the signal line 301 to drive the floating touch electrode to realize the floating touch function.
  • the touch substrate 01 further includes a flexible circuit board, which is located in the flexible circuit board binding area 400 and electrically connects the signal line 301 with the floating touch control circuit 500.
  • the substrate 100 has a floating electrode area, that is, the above-mentioned multiple floating touch electrodes are located in the floating electrode area; the floating electrode area includes first floating electrodes sequentially arranged along a first direction
  • the region and the second floating electrode region also include a third floating electrode region and a fourth floating electrode region sequentially arranged along a second direction, the second direction intersects the first direction (for example, the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction).
  • the first floating electrode region, the third floating electrode region, the second floating electrode region, and the fourth floating electrode region are arranged in a clockwise direction, that is, the third floating electrode region and the fourth floating electrode region are in the first direction. It is located between the first floating electrode area and the second floating electrode area, and the fourth floating electrode area is located between the third floating electrode area and the flexible circuit board binding area 400 in the second direction.
  • the substrate 100 further has a middle area (for example, an area where no floating touch electrodes are provided, and this area is a transparent window area), and the floating electrode area is located at the periphery of the middle area.
  • the frame area in this case, the middle area is located between the first floating electrode area and the second floating electrode area in the first direction, and the middle area is located between the third floating electrode area and the fourth floating electrode area in the second direction Between districts.
  • the middle area of the substrate 100 is a display area for displaying images, and the frame area is a non-display area; or, when the touch substrate 01 is used for a light emitting device Below, the middle area of the substrate 100 is a light-emitting area for light to pass through, and the frame area is a non-light-emitting area; in other embodiments, the touch substrate 01 may also be used in other types of electronic devices.
  • the substrate 100 includes at least four edges, and the first to fourth floating electrode regions are regions close to the edges of the substrate 100 respectively.
  • the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A to 2 are described by taking the planar shape of the substrate 100 as a quadrilateral as an example. In other embodiments, the planar shape of the substrate 100 may also be a circle, an ellipse, other polygons, or other arbitrary shapes.
  • the substrate 100 is a transparent substrate, such as a glass plate, a quartz plate, or a plastic plate.
  • the substrate 100 is a rigid board or a flexible board (correspondingly, the touch substrate 01 is a flexible touch substrate).
  • the plurality of floating touch electrodes on the substrate 100 includes a plurality of first touch electrode groups 310 arranged in a second direction and electrically insulated (8 in FIGS. 1A to 2
  • the first touch electrode group 310 is taken as an example).
  • Each first touch electrode group 310 includes a first floating touch electrode 311 located in the first floating electrode area and a second floating touch electrode located in the second floating electrode area.
  • Electrode 312, and the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the same first touch electrode group 310 are electrically connected to different signal lines 301, so that the same first touch electrode group 310 includes first
  • the floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 are electrically insulated from each other; the plurality of floating touch electrodes located on the substrate 100 further includes the plurality of floating touch electrodes located on the substrate 100, and further including the floating touch electrodes in the first direction.
  • a plurality of second touch electrode groups 320 arranged and electrically insulated (5 second touch electrode groups 320 are taken as an example in FIG. 1A to FIG. 2).
  • the touch electrode groups 310 are electrically insulated.
  • Each second touch electrode group 320 includes a third floating touch electrode 323 located in the third floating electrode area and a fourth floating touch electrode 324 located in the fourth floating electrode area. And the third floating touch electrodes 323 and the fourth floating touch electrodes 324 included in the same second touch electrode group 320 are electrically connected to different signal lines 301, so that the third floating touch electrodes included in the same second touch electrode group 320 are The electrode 323 and the fourth floating touch electrode 324 are electrically insulated from each other.
  • first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the first touch electrode group 310 in FIGS. 1A to 2 are located in the same floating touch electrode row (that is, each floating touch
  • the electrode row includes a first touch electrode group 310) and the third floating touch electrode 323 and the fourth floating touch electrode 324 included in the second touch electrode group 320 are located in the same floating touch electrode column (that is, each floating touch electrode
  • the control electrode array includes a second touch electrode group 320) as an example for description.
  • the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the first touch electrode group 310 are located in the same floating touch electrode column and the second touch electrode group 320 includes The third floating touch electrode 323 and the fourth floating touch electrode 324 are located in the same floating touch electrode row, that is, each floating touch electrode row includes a second touch electrode group 320 and each floating touch electrode column includes one The first touch electrode group 310.
  • each first touch electrode group 310 includes only one first floating touch electrode 311 and one second floating touch electrode 312.
  • each first touch electrode group 310 includes a plurality of first floating touch electrodes 311 and a plurality of second floating touch electrodes 312, and the plurality of first floating touch electrodes The electrodes 311 and the plurality of second floating touch electrodes 312 are sequentially arranged along the first direction.
  • each first touch electrode group 310 includes one first floating touch electrode 311 and one second floating touch electrode 312, the first floating touch The electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 have a larger size in the first direction, which is beneficial to make the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 have a larger area, which is beneficial to enhance Electric field between the first floating electrode region and the second floating electrode region. That is, each first touch electrode group 310 includes only one first floating touch electrode 311 and one second floating touch electrode 312, which is beneficial to enhance the floating touch electric field and is beneficial to the design of a narrow frame.
  • one of the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 is located between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 311.
  • the other one of the two floating touch electrodes 312 includes between two ends arranged sequentially along the second direction. That is, in each first touch electrode group 310 of the plurality of first touch electrode groups 310 included in the touch substrate, the first floating touch electrode 311 is located along the edge of the second floating touch electrode 312. The second direction is arranged between the two ends in sequence.
  • the second floating touch electrode 312 is located along the second floating touch electrode 311 included in the first floating touch electrode 311.
  • the direction is arranged between the two ends.
  • the first floating touch electrode 311 is located along the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the second floating touch electrode 312.
  • the second floating touch electrode 312 is located at the first Between the two ends of the floating touch electrode 311 arranged in order along the second direction. This is beneficial to increase the facing area of the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312, thereby helping to enhance the floating touch electric field.
  • each first touch electrode group 310 the two ends of the first floating touch electrode 311 that are arranged in sequence along the second direction are respectively the same as those of the second floating touch electrode 312.
  • the two ends arranged in the second reverse order are roughly aligned, that is, the first floating touch electrode 311 is located between the two ends of the second floating touch electrode 312 that are arranged in the second direction, and the second floating touch electrode 312 is located between the two ends of the first floating touch electrode 311 that are sequentially arranged along the second direction. That is, the first floating touch electrode 311 does not exceed the second floating touch electrode 312 in the second direction, and the second floating touch electrode 312 does not exceed the first floating touch electrode 311 in the second direction.
  • “approximately aligned” here refers to ignoring the influence of manufacturing process deviations.
  • the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 may be staggered, and one of them may not exceed the other in the second direction.
  • the first floating touch electrode 311N in the Nth (N is greater than or equal to 1) first touch electrode group 310, the first floating touch electrode 311N is located along the second floating touch electrode 312N.
  • the first The two floating touch electrodes 312M are located between the two ends (see A1 and A2 in FIG. 1B) of the first floating touch electrode 311M that are sequentially arranged along the second direction.
  • each first floating touch electrode 311 corresponds to one second floating touch electrode 312, and each second floating touch electrode 312
  • the control electrode 312 corresponds to a first floating touch electrode 311.
  • the one-to-one correspondence between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 is beneficial to ensure the formation of a stable floating touch electric field (quasi-electrostatic field).
  • the remaining signal lines 301 all have a main body portion extending in the second direction, and all the main body portions are It does not overlap with the floating touch electrode (that is, the orthographic projection on the substrate 100 does not overlap).
  • the orthographic projection of a part of the plurality of signal lines 301 on the substrate 100 may overlap with the orthographic projection of a part of the plurality of floating touch electrodes on the substrate 100.
  • a part of the signal line 301 overlaps with the first floating touch electrode 311 electrically connected to it (the black dots in FIG.
  • 1C indicate that the signal line and the first floating touch electrode 311
  • the touch electrode 311 is electrically connected through a via hole penetrating the insulating layer), and also overlaps the rest of the first floating touch electrode 311; in the second floating electrode area, a part of the signal line 301 is electrically connected to the second floating The touch electrodes 312 overlap, and also overlap with the remaining first floating touch electrodes 311.
  • this is beneficial to enhance the floating touch electric field and is beneficial to the narrow frame design.
  • the floating touch electric field is formed between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312, even if the main part of the signal line 301 overlaps the floating touch electrode, it is basically not Will affect the floating touch electric field.
  • the floating touch electrodes on the substrate 100 can be made of metal materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium or zirconium, etc., to reduce the resistance of the floating touch electrodes; or, the floating touch electrodes can be made of metal.
  • Oxides such as indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or indium gallium zinc oxide, etc.
  • graphene, carbon nanotubes, or nano silver wires are made of transparent conductive materials to reduce the visibility of floating touch electrodes.
  • the signal line 301 on the substrate 100 may be made of metal materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, or zirconium, to reduce the resistance of the signal line 301; or, the signal line 301 may be made of metal oxide (for example, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide or indium gallium zinc oxide, etc.), graphene, carbon nanotubes, or nano silver wires are made of transparent conductive materials to reduce the visibility of the signal line 301.
  • metal oxide For example, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide or indium gallium zinc oxide, etc.
  • graphene, carbon nanotubes, or nano silver wires are made of transparent conductive materials to reduce the visibility of the signal line 301.
  • the floating touch electrodes and the signal lines 301 are made of metal materials or both are made of transparent conductive materials
  • the floating touch electrodes and the signal lines 301 are located in the same layer and have the same material. That is, the floating touch electrode and the signal line 301 are formed by patterning the same film, which can simplify the manufacturing process.
  • the floating touch electrode may be made of a transparent conductive material and the signal line 301 may be made of a metal material, which is beneficial to reducing visibility and resistance.
  • the floating touch electrode and the signal line 301 can be made of metal materials or both are made of transparent conductive materials, or the floating touch electrodes can be made of transparent conductive materials.
  • the signal line 301 is made of metal material.
  • the floating touch electrode may be made of a transparent conductive material and the signal line 301 may be made of a metal material.
  • a light shielding part 200 is further provided on the substrate 100, and the floating touch electrode and the signal line 301 are located in the area where the orthographic projection of the light shielding part 200 on the substrate 100 is located.
  • the light shielding part 200 is used to shield the floating touch electrode and the signal line 301 to prevent the user from seeing the floating touch electrode and the signal line 301.
  • the floating touch electrode is made of transparent conductive material, since the floating touch electrode is transparent, even if there is a misalignment between the floating touch electrode and the light shielding part, the floating touch electrode will not Seen by users.
  • the light shielding part 200 is made of a light shielding material such as black ink.
  • the light shielding portion 200 and the floating touch electrode may be located on the same side of the substrate 100, for example, the light shielding portion 200 is located between the substrate 100 and the floating touch electrode; or the light shielding portion 200 and the floating touch electrode are located on the side of the substrate 100.
  • the light shielding part 200 and the signal line 301 may be located on the same side or different sides of the substrate 100. As long as the light shielding part 200 can be used to avoid seeing the floating touch electrodes and signal lines.
  • the floating touch control circuit 500 is configured to apply a driving signal to the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the same first touch electrode group 310, so that the first floating touch electrode A non-zero voltage difference is generated between 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 at any time in the floating touch mode, so as to form a floating touch electric field at any time; in the process of applying a driving signal, a plurality of The third floating touch electrodes 323 included in the two touch electrode groups 320 apply sensing signals and detect output signals of the fourth floating touch electrodes 324 included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups 320.
  • the floating touch control circuit applies a driving signal to the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the same first touch electrode group 310, so that the first floating touch electrode 311 and An electric field 600 is generated between the second floating touch electrodes 312; at the same time, a sensing signal is applied to the third floating touch electrodes 323 included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups, and the detection signals included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups are detected.
  • the output signal of the fourth floating touch electrode 324 As shown in FIG.
  • the driving signal applied to the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 is a constant signal or an AC signal.
  • the use of AC signals can reduce the residual charge on these floating touch electrodes and prevent the floating touch electrodes from heating and burning.
  • the induction signal applied to the third floating touch electrode 323 can also be a constant signal or an AC signal, and the use of the AC signal can reduce the residual charge and prevent the floating touch electrode from heating and burning.
  • an AC signal may be a signal whose magnitude changes with time, or a signal whose magnitude remains constant but its direction changes with time.
  • the preferred AC signal is a signal whose magnitude remains the same but the direction changes with time, which can reduce the requirements for the chip in the floating touch control circuit.
  • the non-zero voltage difference generated between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 is greater than or equal to 10 volts.
  • a strong electric field can be formed between the two, which is beneficial to realize long-distance floating touch.
  • the floating touch control circuit 500 is configured to: drive the plurality of first touch electrode groups 310 one by one; and/or, one by one, apply sensing to the third floating touch electrodes 323 included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups 320
  • the output signals of the fourth floating touch electrodes 324 included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups 320 are detected one by one.
  • the driving signals are applied to the plurality of first touch electrode groups 310 one by one; in the process of applying the driving signals to each first touch electrode group 310, the third hovering touch of the second touch electrode group 320 is one by one.
  • the electrodes 323 apply sensing signals, and detect the output signals of the fourth floating touch electrodes 324 of the second touch electrode group 320 one by one.
  • the first touch electrode groups 310 are driven one by one; in the process of driving each first touch electrode group 310, sensing signals are simultaneously applied to the third floating touch electrodes 323 of the plurality of second touch electrode groups 320, At the same time, the output signals of the fourth floating touch electrodes 324 of the plurality of second touch electrode groups 320 are detected.
  • the first touch electrode groups 310 are driven at the same time; in the process of driving each first touch electrode group 310, the sensing signals are applied to the third floating touch electrodes 323 of the second touch electrode group 320 one by one, and one by one The output signal of the fourth floating touch electrode 324 of the second touch electrode group 320 is detected.
  • the data processing amount of the floating touch control circuit 500 can be reduced, and the interference The floating touch control circuit 500 is required to reduce the cost.
  • the middle region is located between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 in the first direction, and the middle region is located in the third floating touch electrode in the second direction.
  • the control electrode 323 and the fourth floating touch electrode 324 are applied with a driving signal to generate a floating touch electric field, the floating touch electric field is also Covers the middle area, so although no floating touch electrodes are provided in the middle area, the floating touch function can also be realized. Therefore, the floating touch electric field covers the floating electrode area and the middle area.
  • the distance d between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the same first touch electrode group 310 is the same as the first
  • the ratio between the size of each of the one floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the ratio is greater than or equal to 100.
  • the floating touch electric field can be equivalent to a quasi-electrostatic field (that is, the field strength at each position within the range of the floating touch electric field is approximately equal) , Thereby reducing the difficulty of data processing of the floating touch control circuit.
  • the distance d between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the same first touch electrode group 310 is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the size L1 of the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the same first touch electrode group 310 are both greater than or equal to 1 mm; in the second direction, the same The size W1 of the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the first touch electrode group 310 are both greater than or equal to 1 mm, for example, 10 mm-50 mm.
  • the area of the electrode 312 is controlled so as to facilitate the formation of a strong electric field between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312, so as to facilitate long-distance floating touch.
  • the size of the third floating touch electrode 323 and the fourth floating touch electrode 324 included in the second touch electrode group 320 may refer to the first touch electrode group 310.
  • the dimensions W2 of the third floating touch electrodes 323 and the fourth floating touch electrodes 324 included in the same second touch electrode group 310 are both greater than or equal to 1 mm, for example, 10 mm-50 mm;
  • the dimensions L2 of the third floating touch electrode 323 and the fourth floating touch electrode 324 included in the second touch electrode group 320 are both greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the distance S1 between adjacent first touch electrode groups 310 and the distance S2 between adjacent second touch electrode groups 320 are both greater than or equal to 1 mm. In this way, it can avoid that the distance between adjacent touch electrode groups is too close, which reduces the positioning accuracy of the touch position.
  • the area of the finger is usually 5mm*5mm, for example, the distance S1 between adjacent first touch electrode groups 310 and the distance S2 between adjacent second touch electrode groups 320 can be both set to 4. -5mm, for example 5mm.
  • L1 and L2 can be equal or unequal
  • W1 and W2 can be equal or unequal
  • S1 and S2 can be equal or unequal
  • the dimensions L1 and L2 of the floating touch electrodes can be determined according to the width of the light shielding portion.
  • the width of the light-shielding part of mobile phone products is about 5mm, so the dimensions L1 and L2 of the floating touch electrodes are less than 5mm; because the light-shielding part also shields the signal lines, the dimensions L1 and L2 of the floating touch electrodes are about 4mm.
  • the width of the light-shielding part of a notebook product is about 30 mm.
  • the dimensions L1 and L2 of the floating touch electrodes are about 20-24 mm.
  • the width of the light-shielding part of a large-size product (such as 65-inch or 75-inch, etc.) is about 50mm. Since the light-shielding part also blocks the signal line, the dimensions L1 and L2 of the floating touch electrode are about 35mm.
  • the shape of the plurality of floating touch electrodes on the substrate 100 can be any shape such as polygon, circle, ellipse, etc.
  • the touch substrate 01 further includes a protective layer covering the light shielding portion 200, the floating touch electrode and the signal line 301, and the protective layer can protect these structures and prevent them from being scratched.
  • the material of the protective layer may be inorganic materials such as SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiON, or organic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes the touch substrate 01 provided in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the electronic device can be any electronic product or component such as electronic paper, mobile phone, tablet computer, television, monitor, notebook computer, digital photo frame, navigator, etc.
  • the electronic device is a flexible electronic device or an inflexible electronic device.
  • the electronic device further includes a non-floating touch structure 031, and the floating electrode area is located at the periphery of the orthographic projection of the non-floating touch structure 031 on the substrate 100.
  • the non-floating touch structure 031 The orthographic projection of the control structure 031 on the substrate 100 is located in the middle region of the substrate 100.
  • Non-floating touch refers to contact touch, that is, the non-floating touch structure 031 can be used to obtain the touch structure when the touch object contacts the touch substrate of the electronic device; when the touch object does not touch the touch substrate of the electronic device, The non-floating touch structure 031 cannot be used to obtain the touch position.
  • the non-floating touch structure 031 may adopt any type of touch technology such as mutual capacitance touch technology, self-capacitance touch technology, acoustic wave touch technology, light sensing touch technology, or resistive touch technology.
  • the non-floating touch structure 031 and the floating touch electrode are driven by time sharing, that is, the floating touch electrode is not in the working state when the non-floating touch structure 031 is in the working state, and the floating touch electrode is not in the working state when the floating touch electrode is in the working state.
  • the floating touch structure 031 is not in working state.
  • the touch position is determined according to the non-floating touch structure 031; when the touch object is suspended on the touch substrate for a touch operation, the The touch structure 031 cannot obtain the touch position, but the touch position can be obtained according to the output signal of the floating touch electrode.
  • time-sharing driving it is beneficial to reduce signal interference between floating touch and non-floating touch, and improve touch accuracy, especially the accuracy of floating touch.
  • the non-floating touch structure 031 and the floating touch electrode are electrically connected to different touch drive control circuits to reduce signal interference between floating touch and non-floating touch, and improve touch accuracy, especially floating touch Accuracy.
  • the electronic device further includes a non-floating touch device 03.
  • the non-floating touch device 03 includes an array board 032 and a non-floating touch structure 031.
  • the array board 032 includes a plurality of switches arranged in an array. 0321;
  • the electronic device also includes a connecting glue 02, which is located between the non-floating touch device 03 and the touch substrate 01 and connects the non-floating touch device 03 and the touch substrate 01.
  • the non-floating touch structure 031 is located on the side of the connecting glue 02 away from the touch substrate 01, thereby increasing the distance between the non-floating touch structure 031 and the floating touch electrode to reduce the floating touch. Signal interference between control and non-floating touch control, reducing misoperation.
  • the array board 032 is a liquid crystal panel or an OLED panel or other types of panels with an array arrangement structure.
  • the array board 032 is a display panel for realizing a display function, or a light emitting panel for realizing a light emitting function, or a plate-like structure for realizing other purposes.
  • the array board 032 may include a first substrate and a second substrate disposed oppositely, the second substrate is located between the first substrate and the touch substrate; the non-floating touch structure 031 may be located between the first substrate and the second substrate ( That is, using the in-cell mode) or located on the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate (that is, using the On-cell mode), or the non-floating touch structure 031 is integrated with the display driver of the array board 032 (that is, using TDDI ( Touch and Display Driver Integration technology), or the non-floating touch structure 031 is located on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.
  • TDDI Touch and Display Driver Integration technology
  • the connecting glue 02 is an optical glue or other types of glue.
  • the optical glue is solid glue or water glue or other types of glue.
  • the connecting glue 02 may adopt a full bonding method or a frame bonding method to connect the non-floating touch device 03 and the touch substrate 01.
  • the substrate 100 of the touch substrate 01 is located on the outermost side of the electronic device (that is, the floating touch electrode is located between the substrate 100 and the array board 032), so that the substrate 100 protects the floating touch electrode; and
  • the touch substrate 01 has a floating touch function, so the utilization rate of the touch substrate 01 is improved.
  • the touch driving method includes: A driving signal is applied to the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 included in the same first touch electrode group 310, so that a gap between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 is generated. Non-zero voltage difference; in the process of applying the driving signal, a sensing signal is applied to the third floating touch electrodes 323 included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups 320, and the second touch electrode group 320 included in the plurality of second touch electrode groups is detected Output signals of four floating touch electrodes 324.
  • the driving signals applied to the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 are AC signals to reduce the residual charge on these floating touch electrodes.
  • the sensing signal applied to the third floating touch electrode 323 may also be an AC signal to reduce residual charge.
  • the non-zero voltage difference generated between the first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 is greater than or equal to 10 volts.
  • a strong electric field can be formed between the two, which is beneficial to realize long-distance floating touch.
  • the output signal of the fourth floating touch electrode 324 (for example, applying a sensing signal to the third floating touch electrode of a certain second touch electrode group and detecting the output of the fourth floating touch electrode of the second touch electrode group Signal; afterwards, apply a sensing signal to the third floating touch electrode of the next second touch electrode group and detect the output signal of the fourth floating touch electrode of the second touch electrode group).
  • the driving signals are applied to the plurality of first touch electrode groups 310 one by one; in the process of applying the driving signals to each first touch electrode group 310, the third hovering touch of the second touch electrode group 320 is one by one.
  • the electrodes 323 apply sensing signals, and detect the output signals of the fourth floating touch electrodes 324 of the second touch electrode group 320 one by one.
  • the first touch electrode groups 310 are driven one by one; in the process of driving each first touch electrode group 310, sensing signals are simultaneously applied to the third floating touch electrodes 323 of the plurality of second touch electrode groups 320, At the same time, the output signals of the fourth floating touch electrodes 324 of the plurality of second touch electrode groups 320 are detected.
  • the first touch electrode groups 310 are driven at the same time; in the process of driving each first touch electrode group 310, the sensing signals are applied to the third floating touch electrodes 323 of the second touch electrode group 320 one by one, and one by one The output signal of the fourth floating touch electrode 324 of the second touch electrode group 320 is detected.
  • the data processing amount of the floating touch control circuit 500 can be reduced, and the interference
  • the floating touch control circuit 500 is required to reduce the cost.
  • a method of simultaneously driving the first touch electrode group 310 and simultaneously applying a sensing signal and simultaneously detecting an output signal may be adopted according to actual needs.
  • the manufacturing method includes forming a plurality of floating touch electrodes on the substrate 100 and Multiple signal lines.
  • the substrate 100 has a floating electrode region, which includes a first floating electrode region and a second floating electrode region that are sequentially arranged along a first direction, and includes a third floating electrode region and a fourth floating electrode region that are sequentially arranged along a second direction , The second direction intersects the first direction, and the first floating electrode region, the third floating electrode region, the second floating electrode region, and the fourth floating electrode region are sequentially arranged in a clockwise direction; a plurality of floating touch electrodes are located on the substrate In the floating electrode area 100, the plurality of floating touch electrodes includes a plurality of first touch electrode groups 310 sequentially arranged along the second direction, and each first touch electrode group 310 includes a first floating electrode group located in the first floating electrode area.
  • the floating touch electrodes further include a plurality of second touch electrode groups 320 arranged in sequence along the first direction, each The second touch electrode group 320 includes a third floating touch electrode 323 located in the third floating electrode area and a fourth floating touch electrode 324 located in the fourth floating electrode area; the same first touch electrode group 310 includes The first floating touch electrode 311 and the second floating touch electrode 312 are electrically connected to different signal lines, and the third floating touch electrode 323 and the fourth floating touch electrode 324 included in the same second touch electrode group 320 are electrically connected Different signal lines.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the manufacturing sequence of the floating touch electrodes and signal lines.
  • the signal line is made after the floating touch electrode is made, or the floating touch electrode is made after the signal line is made, or the floating touch electrode and the signal line are made in the same patterning process.
  • the manufacturing method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure may further include manufacturing a light shielding portion (see 200 in FIG. 2).
  • a light shielding portion see 200 in FIG. 2.
  • the floating touch electrodes and signal lines can be made after the light shielding portion is made, so that the light shielding portion can be shielded Floating touch electrodes and signal lines.
  • the manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following steps.
  • Step S1 forming a light shielding portion 200 on the substrate 100.
  • Step S2 forming a plurality of signal lines 301 in the area where the light shielding portion 200 of the substrate 100 is located.
  • signal lines located in the flexible circuit board bonding area 400 are also formed.
  • Step S3 forming a plurality of floating touch electrodes in the region where the light shielding portion 200 of the substrate 100 is located, so as to obtain the plurality of first touch electrode groups 310 and the plurality of second touch electrode groups 320.
  • the floating touch electrodes are electrically connected to the pins of the flexible circuit board (FPC) binding area 400 through the signal line 301; then, the flexible circuit board is bound to the flexible circuit board binding area 400 through the FOG (FPC on Glass) process At this point, a peripheral floating touch control circuit (for example, IC) 500 is connected through a flexible circuit board.
  • FPC flexible circuit board
  • Step S4 forming a protective layer covering the light shielding portion 200, the floating touch electrode and the signal line 301 on the substrate.
  • the protective layer can protect the surrounding BM, ITO and metal wires from scratches.
  • the material of the protective layer may be inorganic materials such as SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiON, or organic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the light shielding portion 200, the signal line 301, and the floating touch electrode can be fabricated by a printing process (such as a screen printing process) or a yellow light process.
  • the yellowing process involves exposing and developing the photosensitive material (also known as photoresist) coated on the surface of the substrate, and then using the remaining part of the photosensitive material as a mask to etch the bottom layer, and then strip the photosensitive material The reserved part of the process to obtain the required graphics.
  • steps S1 to S4 can be adjusted according to the actual manufactured product.
  • steps S2 and S3 are produced by, for example, the same patterning process.
  • the touch substrate and the manufacturing method thereof, the touch driving method, and the arrangement of the same component in the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can refer to each other (that is, the arrangement of the same component can be the same).

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Abstract

一种触控基板、触控驱动方法和电子装置，通过设置沿第一方向依次排列的第一悬浮电极区和第二悬浮电极区以及沿第二方向依次排列的第三悬浮电极区和第四悬浮电极区，并且通过设置沿第二方向依次排列的多个第一触控电极组(310)和沿第一方向依次排列的多个第二触控电极组(320)，使每个第一触控电极组(310)包括位于第一悬浮电极区中的第一悬浮触控电极(311)和位于第二悬浮电极区中的第二悬浮触控电极(312)，每个第二触控电极组(320)包括位于第三悬浮电极区中的第三悬浮触控电极(323)和位于第四悬浮电极区中的第四悬浮触控电极(324)，这样能够实现多点悬浮触控。

Description

触控基板、触控驱动方法和电子装置
对相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2019年01月30日递交的中国专利申请第201910093888.0号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本公开实施例涉及一种触控基板、用于该触控基板的触控驱动方法和电子装置。
背景技术
随着科技的快速发展，各种触控技术越来越广泛地被应用于电子装置中。
悬浮触控(floating touch)技术是一种新兴的触控技术。采用悬浮触控技术，即使触摸物(例如用户的手指)未接触电子装置的触控屏，也能够实现触控功能。然而，常见的悬浮触控技术不支持多点触控。
发明内容
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种触控基板，其包括：衬底，其具有悬浮电极区，其中，所述悬浮电极区包括沿第一方向依次排列的第一悬浮电极区和第二悬浮电极区，所述悬浮电极区还包括沿第二方向依次排列的第三悬浮电极区和第四悬浮电极区，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交，并且所述第一悬浮电极区、所述第三悬浮电极区、所述第二悬浮电极区和所述第四悬浮电极区沿顺时针方向依次排列；位于所述衬底的悬浮电极区中的多个悬浮触控电极，其中，所述多个悬浮触控电极包括沿所述第二方向依次排列的多个第一触控电极组，每个第一触控电极组包括位于所述第一悬浮电极区中的第一悬浮触控电极和位于所述第二悬浮电极区中的第二悬浮触控电极，所述多个悬浮触控电极还包括沿所述第一方向依次排列的多个第二触控电极组，每个第二触控电极组包括位于所述第三悬浮电极区中的第三悬浮触控电极和位 于所述第四悬浮电极区中的第四悬浮触控电极；以及位于所述衬底上的多个信号线，其中，同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极电连接不同的信号线，并且同一第二触控电极组包括的第三悬浮触控电极和第四悬浮触控电极电连接不同的信号线。
例如，所述衬底还具有中部区，所述悬浮电极区为位于所述中部区周边的边框区。
例如，所述的触控基板还包括：悬浮触控控制电路，其被配置为：对同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极施加驱动信号，以使所述第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极之间产生非零电压差；在施加所述驱动信号的过程中，对所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第三悬浮触控电极施加感应信号，并且检测所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第四悬浮触控电极的输出信号。
例如，所述驱动信号和所述感应信号中的至少一个为交流信号。
例如，所述悬浮触控控制电路被配置为：逐个驱动所述多个第一触控电极组；和/或，逐个对所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第三悬浮触控电极施加感应信号，并且逐个检测所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第四悬浮触控电极的输出信号。
例如，在同一第一触控电极组中，所述第一悬浮触控电极和所述第二悬浮触控电极中的一个位于所述第一悬浮触控电极和所述第二悬浮触控电极中的另一个包括的沿所述第二方向依次排列的两端之间。
例如，在第N个第一触控电极组中，所述第一悬浮触控电极位于所述第二悬浮触控电极包括的沿所述第二方向依次排列的两端之间；在与所述第N个第一触控电极组相邻的第N+1个第一触控电极组中，所述第二悬浮触控电极位于所述第一悬浮触控电极包括的沿所述第二方向依次排列的两端之间。
例如，对于所述多个第一触控电极组来说，每个第一悬浮触控电极对应一个第二悬浮触控电极，并且每个第二悬浮触控电极对应一个第一悬浮触控电极。
例如，所述多个信号线中的一部分在所述衬底上的正投影与所述多个悬浮触控电极中的一部分在所述衬底上的正投影交叠。
例如，相邻的第一触控电极组之间的距离和相邻的第二触控电极组之间 的距离都大于或等于1毫米。
例如，在所述第一方向上，同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极之间的距离大于或等于1毫米。
例如，在所述第一方向和所述第二方向上，第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极的尺寸都大于或等于1毫米。
例如，在所述第一方向上，同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极之间的距离与所述第一悬浮触控电极和所述第二悬浮触控电极中的每个的尺寸之间的比例均大于或等于1。
例如，所述比例均大于或等于100。
例如，所述的触控基板还包括：遮光部，其中，所述多个悬浮触控电极和所述多个信号线位于所述遮光部在所述衬底上的正投影所在区域内。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种电子装置，其包括以上任一项实施例所述的触控基板。
例如，所述的电子装置还包括：非悬浮触控结构，其中，所述悬浮电极区位于所述非悬浮触控结构在所述衬底上的正投影的周边。
例如，所述的电子装置包括：非悬浮触控装置，其包括阵列板和所述非悬浮触控结构，其中，所述阵列板包括呈阵列排布的多个开关；以及连接胶，其位于所述非悬浮触控装置和所述触控基板之间并且将所述非悬浮触控装置和所述触控基板连接起来。
例如，所述阵列板为显示面板。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种用于以上任一项实施例所述触控基板的触控驱动方法，包括：对同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极施加驱动信号，以使所述第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极之间产生非零电压差；在施加所述驱动信号的过程中，对所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第三悬浮触控电极施加感应信号，并且检测所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第四悬浮触控电极的输出信号。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例， 而非对本公开的限制。
图1A为本公开实施例提供的触控基板的俯视示意图一；
图1B为本公开实施例提供的触控基板的俯视示意图二；
图1C为本公开实施例提供的触控基板的俯视示意图三；
图2为本公开实施例提供的触控基板的俯视示意图四；
图3A为本公开实施例提供的触控基板未进行悬浮触控操作时形成的电场示意图；
图3B为本公开实施例提供的触控基板在发生悬浮触控操作时形成的电场示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的电子装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
本公开实施例提供一种触控基板、该触控基板的制作方法、用于该触控基板的触控驱动方法和电子装置。在本公开实施例中，触控基板中设置有多个悬浮触控电极行和多个悬浮触控电极列。在对同一悬浮触控电极行包括的多个悬浮触控电极施加驱动信号以产生悬浮触控电场的过程中，对该多个悬 浮触控电极列施加感应信号，并且检测该多个悬浮触控电极列的输出信号；或者，对同一悬浮触控电极列包括的多个悬浮触控电极施加驱动信号以产生悬浮触控电场的过程中，对该多个悬浮触控电极行施加感应信号，并且检测该多个悬浮触控电极行的输出信号。由于触摸物接近悬浮触控电极时(此时触摸物悬置于触控基板的最外侧表面上方，即触摸物未接触该最外侧表面)会导致悬浮触控电场发生变化从而使输出信号发生变化，因此，根据发生变化的输出信号涉及的悬浮触控电极行和悬浮触控电极列可以分别得出触控位置的行坐标和列坐标。在采用多个触摸物进行悬浮触控操作的情况下，可以检测出每个触控位置，从而实现多点悬浮触控，例如，可实现手套操作(即戴着手套实现触控操作)、自动唤醒、位置追踪(例如触控区中的光标随着触摸物的移动而移动)、触控按键、摆动手势和旋转触控等悬浮触控功能，增加用户新型体验，开拓人机交互方式新的领域。
如图1A至图2所示，本公开至少一个实施例提供一种触控基板01，其包括衬底100、位于衬底100上的间隔开且电绝缘的多个悬浮触控电极(参见图1A至图2中的矩形阴影块)、以及位于衬底100上且与悬浮触控电极分别电连接的引线301。例如，每个悬浮触控电极电连接一个信号线301并且每个信号线301电连接一个悬浮触控电极。例如，触控基板01还包括悬浮触控控制电路(例如集成电路)500，其通过信号线301与悬浮触控电极电连接，以驱动悬浮触控电极实现悬浮触控功能。例如，触控基板01还包括柔性电路板，其位于柔性电路板绑定区400中并且将信号线301与悬浮触控控制电路500电连接。
如图1A至图2所示，衬底100具有悬浮电极区，也就是说，上述多个悬浮触控电极位于该悬浮电极区中；悬浮电极区包括沿第一方向依次排列的第一悬浮电极区和第二悬浮电极区并且包括沿第二方向依次排列的第三悬浮电极区和第四悬浮电极区，第二方向与第一方向相交(例如，第二方向大致垂直于第一方向)。第一悬浮电极区、第三悬浮电极区、第二悬浮电极区和第四悬浮电极区沿顺时针方向依次排列，也就是说，第三悬浮电极区和第四悬浮电极区在第一方向上位于第一悬浮电极区和第二悬浮电极区之间，并且第四悬浮电极区在第二方向上位于第三悬浮电极区与柔性电路板绑定区400之间。
例如，如图1A至图2所示，衬底100还具有中部区(其例如为未设置悬浮触控电极的区域，该区域例如为透明的窗口区)，悬浮电极区为位于中部区周边的边框区，在这种情况下，中部区在第一方向上位于第一悬浮电极区和第二悬浮电极区之间，并且中部区在第二方向上位于第三悬浮电极区和第四悬浮电极区之间。通过将衬底100边缘附近的边框区设置为悬浮电极区，可以提高衬底100的空间利用率。
例如，在触控基板01用于显示装置的情况下，衬底100的中部区为用于显示画面的显示区，边框区为非显示区；或者，在触控基板01用于发光装置的情况下，衬底100的中部区为用于光线通过的发光区，边框区为非发光区；在其它实施例中，触控基板01也可以用于其它类型的电子装置中。
例如，衬底100包括至少四个边缘，第一悬浮电极区至第四悬浮电极区为分别靠近衬底100的边缘的区域。图1A至图2所示实施例以衬底100的平面形状为四边形为例进行说明。在其它实施例中，衬底100的平面形状也可以为圆形、椭圆形、其它多边形或者其它任意形状。
例如，衬底100为透明基板，例如玻璃板、石英板或塑料板。例如，衬底100为硬质板或者柔性板(相应地，触控基板01为柔性触控基板)。
如图1A至图2所示，位于衬底100上的多个悬浮触控电极包括沿第二方向依次排列且电绝缘的多个第一触控电极组310(图1A至图2以8个第一触控电极组310为例)，每个第一触控电极组310包括位于第一悬浮电极区中的第一悬浮触控电极311和位于第二悬浮电极区中的第二悬浮触控电极312，并且同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312电连接不同的信号线301，从而同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312彼此电绝缘；位于衬底100上的多个悬浮触控电极还包括位于衬底100上的多个悬浮触控电极还包括沿第一方向依次排列且电绝缘的多个第二触控电极组320(图1A至图2以5个第二触控电极组320为例)，该多个第二触控电极组320与上述多个第一触控电极组310电绝缘，每个第二触控电极组320包括位于第三悬浮电极区中的第三悬浮触控电极323和位于第四悬浮电极区中的第四悬浮触控电极324，并且同一第二触控电极组320包括的第三悬浮触控电极323和第四悬浮触控电极324电连接不同的信号线301，从而同一第二触控电极组320包括 的第三悬浮触控电极323和第四悬浮触控电极324彼此电绝缘。
需要说明的是，图1A至图2中以第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312位于同一悬浮触控电极行(即每个悬浮触控电极行包括一个第一触控电极组310)并且第二触控电极组320包括的第三悬浮触控电极323和第四悬浮触控电极324位于同一悬浮触控电极列(即每个悬浮触控电极列包括一个第二触控电极组320)为例进行说明。在其它实施例中，也可以是第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312位于同一悬浮触控电极列并且第二触控电极组320包括的第三悬浮触控电极323和第四悬浮触控电极324位于同一悬浮触控电极行，即每个悬浮触控电极行包括一个第二触控电极组320并且每个悬浮触控电极列包括一个第一触控电极组310。
另外，如图1A至图2所示，每个第一触控电极组310都只包括一个第一悬浮触控电极311和一个第二悬浮触控电极312。在其它实施例中，也可以是，每个第一触控电极组310都包括多个第一悬浮触控电极311和多个第二悬浮触控电极312，并且该多个第一悬浮触控电极311和该多个第二悬浮触控电极312沿第一方向依次排列。在不增大边框区宽度的前提下，通过使每个第一触控电极组310都只包括一个第一悬浮触控电极311和一个第二悬浮触控电极312，可以使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312在第一方向上具有较大的尺寸，从而有利于使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312具有较大的面积，进而有利于增强第一悬浮电极区和第二悬浮电极区之间的电场。也就是说，每个第一触控电极组310都只包括一个第一悬浮触控电极311和一个第二悬浮触控电极312的方式有利于增强悬浮触控电场并且有利于窄边框设计。
例如，如图1A至图2所示，在同一第一触控电极组310中，第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312中的一个位于第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312中的另一个包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端之间。也就是说，在触控基板包括的多个第一触控电极组310中的每个第一触控电极组310中，第一悬浮触控电极311位于第二悬浮触控电极312包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端之间。或者，在触控基板包括的多个第一触控电极组310中的每个第一触控电极组310中，第二悬浮触控电极312位于第一 悬浮触控电极311包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端之间。或者，在触控基板包括的多个第一触控电极组310中的至少一个第一触控电极组310中，第一悬浮触控电极311位于第二悬浮触控电极312包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端之间；并且，在触控基板包括的多个第一触控电极组310中的至少另一个第一触控电极组310中，第二悬浮触控电极312位于第一悬浮触控电极311包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端之间。这样有利于增大第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312的正对面积，从而有利于增强悬浮触控电场。
例如，如图1A所示，在每个第一触控电极组310中，第一悬浮触控电极311包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端分别与第二悬浮触控电极312包括的沿第二反向依次排列的两端大致对齐，即：第一悬浮触控电极311位于第二悬浮触控电极312包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端之间，并且第二悬浮触控电极312位于第一悬浮触控电极311包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端之间。也就是说，第一悬浮触控电极311在第二方向上未超出第二悬浮触控电极312，并且第二悬浮触控电极312在第二方向上未超出第一悬浮触控电极311。需要说明的是，这里的“大致对齐”指的是忽略制作工艺偏差的影响。
例如，为了避免制作工艺偏差以进一步增强悬浮触控电场，可以使第一悬浮触控电极311与第二悬浮触控电极312错开，并且使其中一个在第二方向上不超过其中另一个。例如，如图1B和图1C所示，在第N(N大于或等于1)个第一触控电极组310中，第一悬浮触控电极311N位于第二悬浮触控电极312N包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端(参见图1B中的B1和B2)之间；在与第N个第一触控电极组310相邻的第N+1个第一触控电极组310中，第二悬浮触控电极312M位于第一悬浮触控电极311M包括的沿第二方向依次排列的两端(参见图1B中的A1和A2)之间。
例如，如图1A至图2所示，对于多个第一触控电极组310来说，每个第一悬浮触控电极311对应一个第二悬浮触控电极312，并且每个第二悬浮触控电极312对应一个第一悬浮触控电极311。通过使第一悬浮触控电极311与第二悬浮触控电极312一一对应，有利于确保形成稳定的悬浮触控电场(准静电场)。
例如，如图1A、图1B和图2所示，除与第四悬浮触控电极324电连接 的信号线301外，其余信号线301都具有沿第二方向延伸的主体部分，且主体部分都与悬浮触控电极不交叠(即在衬底100上的正投影不交叠)。
在一些实施例中，上述多个信号线301中的一部分在衬底100上的正投影可以与上述多个悬浮触控电极中的一部分在衬底100上的正投影交叠。例如，如图1C所示，在第一悬浮电极区中，一部分信号线301与和其电连接的第一悬浮触控电极311交叠(图1C中的黑色圆点表示信号线与第一悬浮触控电极311通过贯穿绝缘层的过孔电连接)，并且还与其余第一悬浮触控电极311交叠；在第二悬浮电极区中，一部分信号线301与和其电连接的第二悬浮触控电极312交叠，并且还与其余第一悬浮触控电极311交叠。通过使一部分信号线的主体部分(即信号线的沿第二方向延伸的部分)与一部分悬浮触控电极电连接，有利于减少信号线占用的空间、增大悬浮触控电极的面积，从而有利于增大准静电场。也就是说，这样有利于增强悬浮触控电场并且有利于窄边框设计。另一方面，由于悬浮触控电场形成于第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间，因此即使将信号线301的主体部分与悬浮触控电极交叠，也基本上不会影响悬浮触控电场。
例如，衬底100上的悬浮触控电极可以采用铝、铝合金、铜、铜合金、钛或锆等金属材料制作，以减小悬浮触控电极的电阻；或者，悬浮触控电极可以采用金属氧化物(例如氧化铟锡、氧化铟锌或氧化铟镓锌等)、石墨烯、碳纳米管或纳米银线等透明导电材料制作，以降低悬浮触控电极的可视性。
例如，衬底100上的信号线301可以采用铝、铝合金、铜、铜合金、钛或锆等金属材料制作，以减小信号线301的电阻；或者，信号线301可以采用金属氧化物(例如氧化铟锡、氧化铟锌或氧化铟镓锌等)、石墨烯、碳纳米管或纳米银线等透明导电材料制作，以降低信号线301的可视性。
例如，在悬浮触控电极和信号线301都采用金属材料制作或者都采用透明导电材料制作的情况下，悬浮触控电极和信号线301位于同一层中且材料相同。即，悬浮触控电极和信号线301通过对同一薄膜进行图案化处理形成，这样可以简化制作工艺。在其它实施例中，也可以是悬浮触控电极采用透明导电材料制作并且信号线301采用金属材料，这样既有利于降低可视性又有利于降低电阻。
例如，在图1A、图1B和图2所示实施例中，悬浮触控电极和信号线301 可以都采用金属材料制作或者都采用透明导电材料制作，或者可以是悬浮触控电极采用透明导电材料制作且信号线301采用金属材料制作。例如，在图1C所示实施例中，可以是悬浮触控电极采用透明导电材料制作且信号线301采用金属材料制作。
例如，如图2所示，衬底100上还设置有遮光部200，悬浮触控电极和信号线301都位于遮光部200在衬底100上的正投影所在区域内。遮光部200用于遮挡悬浮触控电极和信号线301，以避免用户看到悬浮触控电极和信号线301。另外，在悬浮触控电极采用透明导电材料制作的情况下，由于悬浮触控电极是透明的，因此即使出现悬浮触控电极与遮光部之间的对位偏差时，悬浮触控电极也不会被使用者看到。
例如，遮光部200采用黑色油墨等遮光材料制作。
例如，遮光部200与悬浮触控电极可以位于衬底100的同一侧，例如遮光部200位于衬底100与悬浮触控电极之间；或者，遮光部200与悬浮触控电极位于衬底100的不同侧，即衬底100位于遮光部200与悬浮触控电极之间。类似地，遮光部200与信号线301可以位于衬底100的同一侧或者不同侧。只要能够实现遮光部200避免用于看到悬浮触控电极和信号线即可。
例如，悬浮触控控制电路500被配置为：对同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312施加驱动信号，以使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间在悬浮触控模式中的任意时刻都产生非零电压差，以在该任意时刻形成悬浮触控电场；在施加驱动信号的过程中，对多个第二触控电极组320包括的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且检测多个第二触控电极组320包括的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。
本公开实施例提供的触控基板01的工作原理如下。如图3A所示，悬浮触控控制电路对同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312施加驱动信号，使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间产生电场600；同时，对多个第二触控电极组包括的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且检测该多个第二触控电极组包括的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。如图3B所示，在触摸物700(例如用户的手指或其它导体)悬于第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312上方进 行悬浮触控操作时，第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间的电场发生改变(参见改变后的电场600’)，这导致第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号发生改变，从而根据该发生改变的输出信号可以得到触控位置。
例如，对第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312施加的驱动信号为恒定信号或者交流信号。采用交流信号可以减少这些悬浮触控电极上的电荷残留，避免悬浮触控电极发热烧毁。类似地，对第三悬浮触控电极323施加的感应信号也可以为恒定信号或者交流信号，并且采用交流信号可以减少电荷残留，避免悬浮触控电极发热烧毁。
例如，交流信号可以是大小随着时间变化的信号，或者是大小保持不变但方向随时间变化的信号。优选的交流信号是大小保持不变但方向随时间变化的信号，这样可以降低对悬浮触控控制电路中的芯片的要求。
例如，第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间产生的非零电压差大于或等于10伏。通过使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间产生较大的电压差，可以在二者之间形成较强的电场，这样有利于实现远距离悬浮触控。
例如，悬浮触控控制电路500被配置为：逐个驱动多个第一触控电极组310；和/或，逐个对多个第二触控电极组320包括的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且逐个检测多个第二触控电极组320包括的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。例如，逐个对多个第一触控电极组310施加驱动信号；在对每个第一触控电极组310施加驱动信号的过程中，逐个对第二触控电极组320的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且逐个检测第二触控电极组320的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。或者，逐个驱动第一触控电极组310；在驱动每个第一触控电极组310的过程中，同时对多个第二触控电极组320的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且同时检测该多个第二触控电极组320的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。或者，同时驱动第一触控电极组310；在驱动每个第一触控电极组310的过程中，逐个对第二触控电极组320的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且逐个检测第二触控电极组320的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。
在本公开的这些实施例中，通过逐个驱动第一触控电极组310和/或逐个检测第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号，可以减少悬浮触控控制电路500的 数据处理量，降低对悬浮触控控制电路500的要求，从而降低成本。
在衬底100包括中部区的情况下，中部区在第一方向上位于第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间，并且中部区在第二方向上位于第三悬浮触控电极323和第四悬浮触控电极324之间。在这种情况下，在同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312被施加驱动信号以产生悬浮触控电场时，该悬浮触控电场也覆盖中部区，因此中部区中虽然未设置悬浮触控电极但也能实现悬浮触控功能。因此，悬浮触控电场的覆盖悬浮电极区和中部区。
例如，在第一方向上，同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间的距离d(如图1A至图2所示)与第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312中的每个的尺寸(参见图1A至图2中的L1)之间的比例均大于或等于1。例如，该比例大于或等于100。在本公开实施例中，通过使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间的距离d远大于第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312的尺寸L1，也就是通过使悬浮触控电场的波长远大于悬浮触控电极的尺寸，可以使该悬浮触控电场等效为准静电场(即该悬浮触控电场范围内各位置处的场强近似相等)，从而降低悬浮触控控制电路的数据处理难度。
例如，在第一方向上，同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间的距离d大于或等于1毫米。
例如，在第一方向上，同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312的尺寸L1都大于或等于1毫米；在第二方向上，同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312的尺寸W1都大于或等于1毫米，例如为10mm-50mm。通过使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312在第一方向和第二方向上都具有较大的尺寸，有利于与增大第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312的面积，从而有利于使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间形成较强的电场，以有利于实现远距离悬浮触控。
例如，第二触控电极组320包括的第三悬浮触控电极323和第四悬浮触控电极324的尺寸可参考第一触控电极组310。例如，在第一方向上，同一第二触控电极组310包括的第三悬浮触控电极323和第四悬浮触控电极324 的尺寸W2都大于或等于1毫米，例如为10mm-50mm；在第二方向上，第二触控电极组320包括的第三悬浮触控电极323和第四悬浮触控电极324的尺寸L2都大于或等于1毫米。
例如，如图1A至图2所示，相邻的第一触控电极组310之间的距离S1和相邻的第二触控电极组320之间的距离S2都大于或等于1毫米。这样可以避免相邻的触控电极组之间距离太近而降低触控位置的定位准确度。考虑到手指的面积通常为5mm*5mm，例如，可以将相邻的第一触控电极组310之间的距离S1和相邻的第二触控电极组320之间的距离S2都设置为4-5mm，例如5mm。
需要说明的是，L1与L2可以相等或者不相等，W1与W2可以相等或者不相等，S1与S2可以相等或者不相等。另外，悬浮触控电极的尺寸L1和L2可根据遮光部的宽度来确定。例如，手机类产品的遮光部的宽度约为5mm，因此悬浮触控电极的尺寸L1、L2小于5mm；由于遮光部还遮挡信号线，因此悬浮触控电极的尺寸L1、L2约为4mm。例如，笔记本类产品的遮光部的宽度约为30mm，由于遮光部还遮挡信号线，因此悬浮触控电极的尺寸L1、L2约为20-24mm。例如，大尺寸(例如65寸或75寸等)类产品的遮光部的宽度约为50mm，由于遮光部还遮挡信号线，因此悬浮触控电极的尺寸L1、L2约为35mm。
另外，衬底100上的多个悬浮触控电极的形状可以为多边形、圆形、椭圆形等任意形状。
在一些实施例中，触控基板01还包括覆盖遮光部200、悬浮触控电极和信号线301的保护层，保护层可对这些结构进行保护、防止其被划伤。例如，保护层的材料可以为如SiO 2、Si 3N 4、SiON等无机物或者如聚四氟乙烯等有机物。
本公开的至少一个实施例提供一种电子装置，其包括以上任一项实施例提供的触控基板01。
例如，该电子装置可以为电子纸、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何电子产品或部件。例如，该电子装置为柔性电子装置或者非柔性电子装置。
例如，如图4所示，该电子装置还包括非悬浮触控结构031，悬浮电极 区位于非悬浮触控结构031在衬底100上的正投影的周边，在这种情况下，非悬浮触控结构031在衬底100上的正投影位于衬底100的中部区。通过使悬浮触控电极位于非悬浮触控结构的正投影所在区域之外，有利于减小悬浮触控与非悬浮触控之间的信号干扰，提高触控准确性尤其是悬浮触控的准确性。
非悬浮触控是指接触式触控，即，触摸物接触电子装置的触控基板时，才能利用非悬浮触控结构031得到触控结构；当触摸物未接触电子装置的触控基板时，无法利用非悬浮触控结构031得到触控位置。
例如，非悬浮触控结构031可以采用互电容触控技术、自电容触控技术、声波触控技术、光感触控技术或者电阻式触控技术等任意类型的触控技术。
例如，非悬浮触控结构031与悬浮触控电极采用分时驱动，即在非悬浮触控结构031处于工作状态时悬浮触控电极未处于工作状态，并且在悬浮触控电极处于工作状态时非悬浮触控结构031未处于工作状态。在这种情况下，当触摸物接触触控基板以进行触控操作时，根据非悬浮触控结构031确定触控位置；当触摸物悬浮于触控基板上进行触控操作时，根据非悬浮触控结构031无法得到触控位置，但根据悬浮触控电极的输出信号可以得出触控位置。通过采用分时驱动，有利于减小悬浮触控与非悬浮触控之间的信号干扰，提高触控准确性尤其是悬浮触控的准确性。
例如，非悬浮触控结构031与悬浮触控电极电连接不同的触控驱动控制电路，以减小悬浮触控与非悬浮触控之间的信号干扰，提高触控准确性尤其是悬浮触控的准确性。
例如，如图4所示，该电子装置还包括非悬浮触控装置03，非悬浮触控装置03包括阵列板032和非悬浮触控结构031，阵列板032包括呈阵列排布的多个开关0321；该电子装置还包括连接胶02，连接胶02位于非悬浮触控装置03和触控基板01之间并且将非悬浮触控装置03和触控基板01连接起来。在这种情况下，非悬浮触控结构031位于连接胶02的远离触控基板01的一侧，从而增大非悬浮触控结构031与悬浮触控电极之间的距离，以减小悬浮触控与非悬浮触控之间的信号干扰，减少误操作。
例如，阵列板032为液晶面板或者为OLED面板或者其它类型的具有阵列排布的结构的面板。例如，阵列板032为用于实现显示功能的显示面板， 或者为用于实现发光功能的发光面板，或者为用于实现其它用途的板状结构。
例如，阵列板032可以包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板，第二基板位于第一基板和触控基板之间；非悬浮触控结构031可以位于第一基板和第二基板之间(即采用内嵌式模式)或者位于第一基板远离第二基板的一侧(即采用On-cell模式)，或者非悬浮触控结构031与阵列板032的显示驱动器集成在一起(即采用TDDI(Touch and Display Driver Integration)技术)，或者非悬浮触控结构031位于第二基板的远离第一基板的一侧。
例如，连接胶02为光学胶或者其它类型的胶。例如，该光学胶为固体胶或者水胶或者其它类型的胶。
例如，连接胶02可以采用全贴合方式或者采用框贴方式将非悬浮触控装置03与触控基板01连接。
例如，触控基板01的衬底100位于电子装置的最外侧(即悬浮触控电极位于衬底100和阵列板032之间)，从而衬底100对悬浮触控电极起到保护作用；并且由于触控基板01具有悬浮触控功能，因此提高了触控基板01的利用率。
本公开至少一个实施例还提供一种以上任一项实施例所述触控基板的触控驱动方法，以图1A至图2所示的触控基板01为例，该触控驱动方法包括：对同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312施加驱动信号，以使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间产生非零电压差；在施加驱动信号的过程中，对多个第二触控电极组320包括的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且检测多个第二触控电极组320包括的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。
例如，对第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312施加的驱动信号为交流信号，以减少这些悬浮触控电极上的电荷残留。类似地，对第三悬浮触控电极323施加的感应信号也可以为交流信号，以减少电荷残留。
例如，第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间产生的非零电压差大于或等于10伏。通过使第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312之间产生较大的电压差，可以在二者之间形成较强的电场，这样有利于实现远距离悬浮触控。
例如，逐个驱动多个第一触控电极组310；和/或，逐个对第二触控电极 组320的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且逐个检测第二触控电极组320的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号(例如，对某个第二触控电极组的第三悬浮触控电极施加感应信号并且检测该第二触控电极组的第四悬浮触控电极的输出信号；之后，对下一个第二触控电极组的第三悬浮触控电极施加感应信号并且检测该第二触控电极组的第四悬浮触控电极的输出信号)。例如，逐个对多个第一触控电极组310施加驱动信号；在对每个第一触控电极组310施加驱动信号的过程中，逐个对第二触控电极组320的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且逐个检测第二触控电极组320的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。或者，逐个驱动第一触控电极组310；在驱动每个第一触控电极组310的过程中，同时对多个第二触控电极组320的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且同时检测该多个第二触控电极组320的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。或者，同时驱动第一触控电极组310；在驱动每个第一触控电极组310的过程中，逐个对第二触控电极组320的第三悬浮触控电极323施加感应信号，并且逐个检测第二触控电极组320的第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号。
在本公开的这些实施例中，通过逐个驱动第一触控电极组310和/或逐个检测第四悬浮触控电极324的输出信号，可以减少悬浮触控控制电路500的数据处理量，降低对悬浮触控控制电路500的要求，从而降低成本。虽然如此，在其它实施例中，也可以根据实际需要采用同时驱动第一触控电极组310，同时施加感应信号并且同时检测输出信号的方式。
本公开的至少一个实施例提供一种触控基板的制作方法，以图1A至图2所示的触控基板01为例，该制作方法包括在衬底100上形成多个悬浮触控电极和多个信号线。衬底100具有悬浮电极区，悬浮电极区包括沿第一方向依次排列的第一悬浮电极区和第二悬浮电极区并且包括沿第二方向依次排列的第三悬浮电极区和第四悬浮电极区，第二方向与第一方向相交，并且第一悬浮电极区、第三悬浮电极区、第二悬浮电极区和第四悬浮电极区沿顺时针方向依次排列；多个悬浮触控电极位于衬底100的悬浮电极区中，多个悬浮触控电极包括沿第二方向依次排列的多个第一触控电极组310，每个第一触控电极组310包括位于第一悬浮电极区中的第一悬浮触控电极311和位于第二悬浮电极区中的第二悬浮触控电极312，多个悬浮触控电极还包括沿第一方 向依次排列的多个第二触控电极组320，每个第二触控电极组320包括位于第三悬浮电极区中的第三悬浮触控电极323和位于第四悬浮电极区中的第四悬浮触控电极324；同一第一触控电极组310包括的第一悬浮触控电极311和第二悬浮触控电极312电连接不同的信号线，并且同一第二触控电极组320包括的第三悬浮触控电极323和第四悬浮触控电极324电连接不同的信号线。
本公开实施例不限定悬浮触控电极和信号线的制作顺序。例如，在制作完悬浮触控电极后制作信号线，或者制作完信号线后制作悬浮触控电极，或者在同一图案化工艺中同时制作悬浮触控电极和信号线。
本公开的一些实施例提供的制作方法还可以包括制作遮光部(参见图2中的200)。例如，在衬底100的未设置悬浮触控电极和信号线的表面面向触摸物(例如用户的手指)时，可以在制作完遮光部后制作悬浮触控电极和信号线，以使遮光部遮挡悬浮触控电极和信号线。
以图2和图3A所示的触控基板为例，本公开实施例提供的制作方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S1：在衬底100上形成遮光部200。
步骤S2：在衬底100的遮光部200所在区域形成多个信号线301。
例如，在该步骤中还形成位于柔性电路板绑定区400中的信号线。
步骤S3：在衬底100的遮光部200所在区域形成多个悬浮触控电极，从而得到上述多个第一触控电极组310和多个第二触控电极组320。
例如，悬浮触控电极通过信号线301电连接柔性电路板(FPC)绑定区400的引脚；然后，通过FOG(FPC on Glass)工艺将柔性电路板绑定在柔性电路板绑定区400处，以通过柔性电路板连接外围的悬浮触控控制电路(例如IC)500。
步骤S4：在衬底上形成覆盖遮光部200、悬浮触控电极和信号线301的保护层。
例如，保护层可对周围的BM、ITO及金属线进行保护，防止其被划伤。例如，保护层的材料可以为如SiO 2、Si 3N 4、SiON等无机物或者如聚四氟乙烯等有机物。
例如，可以通过印刷工艺(例如丝网印刷工艺)或黄光制程制作遮光部200、信号线301和悬浮触控电极。黄光制程是通过对涂覆在基板表面的光敏 性物质(又称为光刻胶)进行曝光、显影，之后利用光敏性物质的保留部分为掩膜对底层进行刻蚀，然后剥离光敏性物质的保留部分以获得需要的图形的过程。
上述步骤S1至步骤S4的顺序可根据实际制造的产品进行调整。例如，对于用于手机类这种小尺寸电子设备的触控基板，步骤S2和S3例如通过同一图案化工艺制作。
本公开实施例提供的触控基板及其制作方法、触控驱动方法和电子装置中同一部件的设置方式可以相互参照(即同一部件的设置方式可以相同)。
有以下几点需要说明：(1)本公开实施例附图中，只涉及到与本公开实施例涉及到的结构，其他结构可参考通常设计；(2)在不冲突的情况下，本公开的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上所述仅是本公开的示范性实施方式，而非用于限制本公开的保护范围，本公开的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种触控基板，包括：
    衬底，其具有悬浮电极区，其中，所述悬浮电极区包括沿第一方向依次排列的第一悬浮电极区和第二悬浮电极区，所述悬浮电极区还包括沿第二方向依次排列的第三悬浮电极区和第四悬浮电极区，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交，并且所述第一悬浮电极区、所述第三悬浮电极区、所述第二悬浮电极区和所述第四悬浮电极区沿顺时针方向依次排列；
    位于所述衬底的悬浮电极区中的多个悬浮触控电极，其中，所述多个悬浮触控电极包括沿所述第二方向依次排列的多个第一触控电极组，每个第一触控电极组包括位于所述第一悬浮电极区中的第一悬浮触控电极和位于所述第二悬浮电极区中的第二悬浮触控电极，所述多个悬浮触控电极还包括沿所述第一方向依次排列的多个第二触控电极组，每个第二触控电极组包括位于所述第三悬浮电极区中的第三悬浮触控电极和位于所述第四悬浮电极区中的第四悬浮触控电极；以及
    位于所述衬底上的多个信号线，其中，同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极电连接不同的信号线，并且同一第二触控电极组包括的第三悬浮触控电极和第四悬浮触控电极电连接不同的信号线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的触控基板，其中，所述衬底还具有中部区，所述悬浮电极区为位于所述中部区周边的边框区。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的触控基板，还包括：
    悬浮触控控制电路，其被配置为：对同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极施加驱动信号，以使所述第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极之间产生非零电压差；在施加所述驱动信号的过程中，对所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第三悬浮触控电极施加感应信号，并且检测所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第四悬浮触控电极的输出信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的触控基板，其中，所述驱动信号和所述感应信号中的至少一个为交流信号。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的触控基板，其中，所述悬浮触控控制电路被配置为：逐个驱动所述多个第一触控电极组；和/或，逐个对所述多个第二 触控电极组包括的第三悬浮触控电极施加感应信号，并且逐个检测所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第四悬浮触控电极的输出信号。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的触控基板，其中，在同一第一触控电极组中，所述第一悬浮触控电极和所述第二悬浮触控电极中的一个位于所述第一悬浮触控电极和所述第二悬浮触控电极中的另一个包括的沿所述第二方向依次排列的两端之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的触控基板，其中，
    在第N个第一触控电极组中，所述第一悬浮触控电极位于所述第二悬浮触控电极包括的沿所述第二方向依次排列的两端之间；
    在与所述第N个第一触控电极组相邻的第N+1个第一触控电极组中，所述第二悬浮触控电极位于所述第一悬浮触控电极包括的沿所述第二方向依次排列的两端之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的触控基板，其中，对于所述多个第一触控电极组来说，每个第一悬浮触控电极对应一个第二悬浮触控电极，并且每个第二悬浮触控电极对应一个第一悬浮触控电极。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的触控基板，其中，所述多个信号线中的一部分在所述衬底上的正投影与所述多个悬浮触控电极中的一部分在所述衬底上的正投影交叠。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的触控基板，其中，相邻的第一触控电极组之间的距离和相邻的第二触控电极组之间的距离都大于或等于1毫米。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的触控基板，其中，在所述第一方向上，同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极之间的距离大于或等于1毫米。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的触控基板，其中，在所述第一方向和所述第二方向上，第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极的尺寸都大于或等于1毫米。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的触控基板，其中，在所述第一方向上，同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极之间的距离与所述第一悬浮触控电极和所述第二悬浮触控电极中的每个的尺寸 之间的比例均大于或等于1。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的触控基板，其中，所述比例大于或等于100。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的触控基板，还包括：
    遮光部，其中，所述多个悬浮触控电极和所述多个信号线位于所述遮光部在所述衬底上的正投影所在区域内。
  16. 一种电子装置，包括根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的触控基板。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电子装置，还包括：
    非悬浮触控结构，其中，所述悬浮电极区位于所述非悬浮触控结构在所述衬底上的正投影的周边。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电子装置，其中，所述电子装置包括：
    非悬浮触控装置，其包括阵列板和所述非悬浮触控结构，其中，所述阵列板包括呈阵列排布的多个开关；以及
    连接胶，其位于所述非悬浮触控装置和所述触控基板之间并且将所述非悬浮触控装置和所述触控基板连接起来。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电子装置，其中，所述阵列板为显示面板。
  20. 一种用于权利要求1或2所述触控基板的触控驱动方法，包括：
    对同一第一触控电极组包括的第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极施加驱动信号，以使所述第一悬浮触控电极和第二悬浮触控电极之间产生非零电压差；
    在施加所述驱动信号的过程中，对所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第三悬浮触控电极施加感应信号，并且检测所述多个第二触控电极组包括的第四悬浮触控电极的输出信号。
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US11287924B2 (en) 2022-03-29
CN109814758A (zh) 2019-05-28
US20210034217A1 (en) 2021-02-04

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