WO2020153870A1

WO2020153870A1 - Solid fuel boiler

Info

Publication number: WO2020153870A1
Application number: PCT/RU2019/000908
Authority: WO
Inventors: Олег Михайлович ШАРОВ
Original assignee: Олег Михайлович ШАРОВ
Priority date: 2019-01-21
Filing date: 2019-12-06
Publication date: 2020-07-30

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to thermal power engineering and concerns a design for a boiler powered by solid fuel, preferably biofuel in the form of pellets and dry chips, which design can be used in the production of high-power boilers. A solid fuel boiler comprises a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical firebox closed from above, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner which are mounted in the firebox, and vertical fire tubes. Said vertical fire tubes are disposed to one side of the firebox and are arranged linearly in the form of a rectangular grid. The technical result of the utility model is a reduction in the external dimensions and weight of the solid fuel boiler.

Description

SOLID FUEL BOILER

The proposed utility model relates to heat and power engineering and concerns the design of a solid fuel boiler, mainly on biofuel in the form of pellets and dry chips, which can be used in the production of high-power boilers.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result to the proposed utility model is a solid fuel boiler, protected by patent RU 157016 Sh, class. F24H 1/00, publ. 11/20/2015, taken as the closest analogue (prototype).

The prototype boiler contains a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical furnace closed at the top, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner installed in the furnace, vertical smoke tubes radially installed around the furnace at the same distance from the central axis of the boiler, with cleaning brushes - turbulators installed in the tubes. In this boiler scheme, the flame is reversed in the furnace. The flame goes up from the combustion chamber in the center of the firebox, then it is reflected from the top cover of the firebox and goes down along the walls of the firebox. In this case, two tasks are effectively solved: firstly, the hot combustion chamber is separated from the cold walls of the furnace and an adiabatic boiler is obtained, and secondly, the entire surface of the furnace participates in heat exchange. The radial scheme allows minimizing the geometric and weight characteristics of the boiler in comparison with other structures, for example, linear ones. The latter is relevant if it is possible to place the smoke tubes in a circle in one row around the combustion chamber, i.e. for boilers of small and medium power up to 90 kW.

The advantages and general features of the device according to the prototype with the proposed utility model are the presence of a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical firebox closed at the top, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner installed in the firebox, vertically placed smoke tubes, with scrubbing brushes - turbulators installed in them, which allows use a scheme with flame reversal in the boiler furnace, including the separation of the hot walls of the combustion chamber from the cold walls of the furnace and efficient use of the entire heat exchange surface of the furnace.

However, the prototype device is not without its drawbacks. First of all, it is the complexity of scaling. Boiler structure designed and optimized boilers of low and medium power. In the design of a boiler, there is a strict relationship between the volume of the combustion chamber and the area of the fire tubes. This dependence changes little with a change in the boiler power, it is determined by the processes of fuel combustion and heat transfer to the water jacket. On the other hand, all other things being equal, the volume of the combustion chamber is proportional to the square of the radius of the chamber, and the surface of the smoke tubes is proportional to their number. When scaling the boiler, for example, when the boiler power is doubled, the radius of the combustion chamber increases in proportion to the root of two, and the number of pipes doubles. Thus, with an increase in the boiler power around the combustion chamber, it is necessary to place the smoke tubes in two or more rows. In this case, the cross-sectional area of the boiler will not be used rationally. The boiler becomes too large, wide and ergonomically inconvenient for maintenance (human arms are not long enough). The advantage of the radial design disappears at high boiler output.

The task of the proposed utility model is to improve the design of a solid fuel boiler of high power.

The technical result of using the utility model is to reduce the external dimensions of the solid fuel boiler and its weight.

The task is achieved by the fact that in a solid fuel boiler containing a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber closed from above, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner installed in the furnace, vertical smoke tubes, smoke tubes are installed on one side of the furnace and are arranged in a linear order on a rectangular grid; the water jacket is formed by two half-cylinders and two planes.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a solid fuel boiler.

Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of a solid fuel boiler.

Structurally, the solid fuel boiler in FIG. 1 -2 contains:

1 - water jacket;

2 - vertical cylindrical firebox (fire tube);

3 - vertical cylindrical combustion chamber;

4 - burner;

5 - vertical smoke tubes;

6 - cleaning brushes-turbulators.

The water jacket 1 is formed by two half-cylinders - and two planes. The vertical cylindrical firebox 2 is located in the center of one of the half-cylinders of the water jacket 1. The vertical cylindrical firebox 2 is closed at the top.

A vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 3 is installed in a vertical cylindrical firebox 2 on an axis.

A burner 4 is installed in the lower part of the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 2 under the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 3.

Vertical smoke tubes 5 are installed on one side of the furnace 2 and are placed in a linear order along a rectangular grid.

In vertical smoke tubes 5 there are scrubbing brushes-turbulators 6.

The proposed utility model works as follows.

Fuel (pellets) are supplied and burned on the burner 4 in the presence of primary air. In the process of heating the fuel, combustible gases are released from it, which are burned out in the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 3 when secondary air is supplied. In the upper part of the vertical cylindrical firebox 2, the burnt gases unfold (reverse the stroke), go down along the walls of the firebox and enter the vertical smoke tubes 5, where they give off heat to the water jacket 1.

Installation of vertical smoke tubes on one side of the furnace and placing them in a linear order along a rectangular grid provides a reduction in the width of a solid fuel boiler of high power in width, reduces its weight, and also facilitates its maintenance.

At the same time, all the advantages of the scheme with flame reversal in the boiler furnace, including the separation of the hot walls of the combustion chamber from the cold walls of the furnace and the efficient use of the entire heat exchange surface of the furnace, remain.

Claims

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA

1. A solid fuel boiler, containing a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical firebox closed at the top, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber, a burner installed in the firebox, vertical smoke pipes, characterized in that the smoke pipes are installed on one side of the furnace and are arranged in a linear order on a rectangular grid.

2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the water jacket is formed by two half-cylinders and two planes.