WO2020078414A1 - 一种双梯形构件、流化装置和硝基化合物的加氢反应方法 - Google Patents
一种双梯形构件、流化装置和硝基化合物的加氢反应方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
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- B01D45/16—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream, the centrifugal forces being generated solely or partly by mechanical means, e.g. fixed swirl vanes
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/34—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with stationary packing material in the fluidised bed, e.g. bricks, wire rings, baffles
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- B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
- C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
- C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/44—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/45—Monoamines
- C07C211/46—Aniline
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00132—Tubes
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00823—Mixing elements
- B01J2208/00831—Stationary elements
- B01J2208/0084—Stationary elements inside the bed, e.g. baffles
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00884—Means for supporting the bed of particles, e.g. grids, bars, perforated plates
Definitions
- Aniline is an important basic organic chemical raw material and fine chemical intermediate. There are more than 300 downstream products produced by aniline, which are widely used in dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, explosives, spices, rubber, synthetic materials and other industries. In recent years, with the rapid rise of the polyurethane industry in China and around the world, aniline, which is one of the irreplaceable basic raw materials of its main raw material MDI (4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate), has achieved extraordinary rapid development .
- MDI 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- the inventors of the present invention found that the prior art fluidized bed reactors for preparing aniline are generally provided with internal members for adjusting the internal gas-solid flow, but due to the low strength of the aniline catalyst, it is very easy to break The diameter will gradually decrease with the running time, and the fine powder is easily bubbled into the dilute phase region, which increases the load of the cyclone separator, which makes the catalyst runaway more serious. The resulting impact is that the reaction cannot be operated for a long period of time. Parking supplements and other issues.
- the inventors of the present invention have also found that because the particle size of the aniline catalyst particles is relatively large, it belongs to Geldart B type particles and is not easy to fluidize.
- the prior art generally adjusts the fluidization quality of the bed in the reactor by adding internal components, but different internal components have different guiding principles and have different effects on the fluidization quality. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- the aniline hydrogenation aniline reaction device according to any one of the foregoing or later aspects, characterized in that the dense channel area is circular, the sparse channel area is circular, and the dense channel area
- the ratio of the diameter to the width of the sparse channel region is between 2 / 1-9 / 1. In a preferred solution, the ratio of the diameter to the width is between 2 / 1-5 / 1.
- a reaction method for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline using the device described in any one of the foregoing or later aspects, including the following steps:
- 21 is a support body in the outer edge area (inclined relative to the horizontal plane)
- 23 is an opening in the outer edge area (inclined relative to the horizontal plane)
- 22 is a support body in the central area (inclined relative to the horizontal plane)
- 24 is an opening in the central area (inclined with respect to the horizontal plane).
- the upper region corresponds to the dilute phase region of the fluidization device
- the lower region corresponds to the dense phase region of the fluidization device
- the middle region corresponds to the fluidization The particle sputtering transition zone of the device.
- the axial height of the porous plate from the upper surface of the gas distributor (unit is m) is 1.05-1.5 times the axial height of the dense phase region (unit is m) Or 1.05-1.2 times.
- the axial direction refers to the direction of the central axis of the fluidization device unless otherwise specified.
- the porous plate has a substantially circular shape, and the diameter of the circular shape is generally 1-10 m, preferably 2-5 m.
- the outer peripheral edge of the porous plate conforms to the shape of the inner wall of the housing in the middle region, and is fixed or connected to the inner wall of the housing. More preferably, the outer peripheral edge of the perforated plate is hermetically coupled with the inner wall of the housing in the middle region.
- the "airtight bonding" means that the entire outer periphery of the porous plate is combined with the corresponding entire inner wall of the housing in the middle region, and there is substantially no pore or joint between the two.
- the gap allows gas (obviously also including solid particles) to pass through the junction.
- the diameter of the porous plate is generally the same as the diameter of the central region, so that basically no solid particles or gases can pass from the outer periphery of the porous plate and the inner wall of the housing of the central region Pass the junction.
- the fluidization device further includes a double trapezoidal member provided in the lower region to adjust the fluidization state in the lower region and improve the fluidization quality.
- the double trapezoidal member includes an upper baffle, a lower baffle, and a connector that relatively fixes the upper baffle and the lower baffle.
- the central axis of the upper baffle is coaxial with the central axis of the lower baffle.
- the angle ( ⁇ ) between the two sides of the upper baffle ranges from 0 to 120 ° (preferably 0 to 60 °), and the two of the lower baffle
- the angle ( ⁇ ) of each side ranges from 0 to 120 ° (preferably from 45 to 90 °).
- the two sides of the upper baffle form a closed or unclosed curved surface around their central axis
- the two sides of the lower baffle form a closure around their central axis Or unclosed surfaces.
- the two sides of the upper baffle extend along its length to form two sides, and the two sides of the lower baffle extend along their length to form Two sides.
- the “length direction” refers to the direction perpendicular to the trapezoidal plane (also perpendicular to the central axis) unless otherwise specified.
- the two sides of the upper baffle extend along its length to form two sides
- the two sides of the lower baffle extend along their length to form Two sides
- the catalyst used is a metal-supported catalyst, with copper as the main active component, the carrier is silica, the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m, and the particle content below 80 ⁇ m is 5%;
- the reaction conditions are: fluidized bed reactor
- the apparent gas velocity inside is 0.3 m / s, the molar ratio of hydrogen to nitrobenzene is 10, the average reaction temperature in the dense phase zone is controlled at 260 ° C, and the reaction pressure in the dense phase zone is 0.1 MPa.
- the unit consumption of the catalyst is 0.1 kg / t aniline, and the content of nitrobenzene in the crude aniline at the outlet of the fluidized bed is 4.8 mg / kg.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- the catalyst used is a metal-supported catalyst, with copper as the main active component, the carrier is silica, the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m, and the particle content below 80 ⁇ m is 5%;
- the reaction conditions are: fluidized bed reactor
- the apparent gas velocity inside is 0.3 m / s, the molar ratio of hydrogen to nitrobenzene is 10, the average reaction temperature in the dense phase zone is controlled at 260 ° C, and the reaction pressure in the dense phase zone is 0.1 MPa.
- the unit consumption of the catalyst is 0.06kg / t aniline, and the content of nitrobenzene in the crude aniline at the outlet of the fluidized bed is 4.8mg / kg.
- Table 2 The results are shown in Table 2.
- a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline As shown in Figure 1, a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
- a porous plate as shown in FIG. 3 is provided in the sputtering transition zone of the reactor.
- the porous plate includes a central area in an intermediate area and an outer edge area provided on the outer periphery and surrounding the central area.
- the ratio of the size of the opening in the outer edge area to the area of the opening in the central area is 1/10.
- the porosity of the outer edge area is 18%.
- the equivalent diameter of the opening in the outer edge area is 0.005.
- the ratio of the radius of the porous plate to the central area is 2/1.
- the number of porous plates is one, and the axial height of the porous plate from the bottom gas distributor is 1.05 times the axial height of the dense phase zone.
- a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline As shown in Fig. 4, a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
- a porous plate as shown in FIG. 3 is provided in the sputtering transition zone of the reactor.
- the porous plate includes a central area in an intermediate area and an outer edge area provided on the outer periphery and surrounding the central area.
- the ratio of the size of the opening in the outer edge area to the area of the opening in the central area is 1/10.
- the equivalent diameter of the opening in the outer edge area is 0.005.
- the ratio of the radius of the porous plate to the central area is 2/1.
- the number of porous plates is one, and the axial height of the porous plate from the bottom gas distributor is 1.05 times the axial height of the dense phase zone.
- the angle ⁇ between the two sides of the upper baffle of the double trapezoidal member is 0 °, and the angle ⁇ between the two sides of the lower baffle is 90 °. Openings and / or slits on both sides of the upper baffle of the double trapezoidal member, and the ratio of the total area of the openings and / or slits to the area of the side is 20%; the lower stop of the double trapezoidal member There are holes and / or slits on both sides of the board, and the ratio of the total area of the holes and / or slits to the area of the sides is 8%. There are four double trapezoidal members in the dense phase area of the fluidized bed reactor, which are divided into two layers.
- the catalyst used is a metal-supported catalyst, with copper as the main active component, the carrier is silica, the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m, and the particle content below 80 ⁇ m is 5%; the reaction conditions are: fluidized bed reactor The apparent gas velocity inside is 0.3 m / s, the molar ratio of hydrogen to nitrobenzene is 10, the average reaction temperature in the dense phase zone is controlled at 260 ° C, and the reaction pressure in the dense phase zone is 0.1 MPa.
- a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline As shown in Fig. 4, a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
- a porous plate as shown in FIG. 3 is provided in the sputtering transition zone of the reactor.
- the porous plate includes a central area in an intermediate area and an outer edge area provided on the outer periphery and surrounding the central area.
- the ratio of the size of the opening in the outer edge area to the area of the opening in the central area is 1/10.
- the equivalent diameter of the opening in the outer edge area is 0.005.
- the ratio of the radius of the porous plate to the central area is 2/1.
- the number of porous plates is one, and the axial height of the porous plate from the bottom gas distributor is 1.05 times the axial height of the dense phase zone.
- the catalyst used is a metal-supported catalyst, with copper as the main active component, the carrier is silica, the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m, and the particle content below 80 ⁇ m is 5%; the reaction conditions are: fluidized bed reactor The apparent gas velocity inside is 0.3 m / s, the molar ratio of hydrogen to nitrobenzene is 10, the average reaction temperature in the dense phase zone is controlled at 260 ° C, and the reaction pressure in the dense phase zone is 0.1 MPa.
- a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline As shown in Fig. 4, a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
- a porous plate as shown in FIG. 3 is provided in the sputtering transition zone of the reactor.
- the porous plate includes a central area in an intermediate area and an outer edge area provided on the outer periphery and surrounding the central area.
- the ratio of the size of the opening in the outer edge area to the area of the opening in the central area is 1/10.
- the equivalent diameter of the opening in the outer edge area is 0.005.
- the ratio of the radius of the porous plate to the central area is 2/1.
- the number of porous plates is one, and the axial height of the porous plate from the bottom gas distributor is 1.05 times the axial height of the dense phase zone.
- the catalyst used is a metal-supported catalyst, with copper as the main active component, the carrier is silica, the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m, and the particle content below 80 ⁇ m is 5%; the reaction conditions are: fluidized bed reactor The apparent gas velocity inside is 0.3 m / s, the molar ratio of hydrogen to nitrobenzene is 10, the average reaction temperature in the dense phase zone is controlled at 260 ° C, and the reaction pressure in the dense phase zone is 0.1 MPa.
- the angle ⁇ between the two sides of the upper baffle of the double trapezoidal member is 60 °, and the angle ⁇ between the two sides of the lower baffle is 90 °. Openings and / or slits on both sides of the upper baffle of the double trapezoidal member, and the ratio of the total area of the openings and / or slits to the area of the side is 10%; the lower stop of the double trapezoidal member There are holes and / or slits on both sides of the board, and the ratio of the total area of the holes and / or slits to the area of the sides is 8%. There are four double trapezoidal members in the dense phase area of the fluidized bed reactor, which are divided into two layers.
- the two double trapezoidal members of each layer are parallel to each other and spaced apart by 100 mm in the horizontal direction.
- the double trapezoidal members are staggered and evenly distributed in the reactor, and are located in different horizontal planes between any two of the double trapezoidal members adjacent in the vertical direction
- the angle in the longitudinal direction is 90 °
- the vertical distance between the adjacent double trapezoidal members in the vertical direction is 150 mm.
- the standard deviation of the dense phase zone in the fluidized bed is 980 Pa, and the expansion coefficient is 1.35. The results are shown in Table 5.
- a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline As shown in Fig. 4, a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
- a porous plate as shown in FIG. 3 is provided in the sputtering transition zone of the reactor.
- the porous plate includes a central area in an intermediate area and an outer edge area provided on the outer periphery and surrounding the central area.
- the ratio of the size of the opening in the outer edge area to the area of the opening in the central area is 1/10.
- the equivalent diameter of the opening in the outer edge area is 0.005.
- the ratio of the radius of the porous plate to the central area is 2/1.
- the number of porous plates is one, and the axial height of the porous plate from the bottom gas distributor is 1.05 times the axial height of the dense phase zone.
- a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline As shown in Fig. 4, a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
- a porous plate as shown in FIG. 3 is provided in the sputtering transition zone of the reactor.
- the porous plate includes a central area in an intermediate area and an outer edge area provided on the outer periphery and surrounding the central area.
- the ratio of the size of the opening in the outer edge area to the area of the opening in the central area is 1/10.
- the equivalent diameter of the opening in the outer edge area is 0.005.
- the ratio of the radius of the porous plate to the central area is 2/1.
- the number of porous plates is one, and the axial height of the porous plate from the bottom gas distributor is 1.05 times the axial height of the dense phase zone.
- the catalyst used is a metal-supported catalyst, with copper as the main active component, the carrier is silica, the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m, and the particle content below 80 ⁇ m is 5%; the reaction conditions are: fluidized bed reactor The apparent gas velocity inside is 0.3 m / s, the molar ratio of hydrogen to nitrobenzene is 10, the average reaction temperature in the dense phase zone is controlled at 260 ° C, and the reaction pressure in the dense phase zone is 0.1 MPa.
- a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline As shown in Fig. 4, a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
- a porous plate as shown in FIG. 3 is provided in the sputtering transition zone of the reactor.
- the porous plate includes a central area in an intermediate area and an outer edge area provided on the outer periphery and surrounding the central area.
- the ratio of the size of the opening in the outer edge area to the area of the opening in the central area is 1/10.
- the equivalent diameter of the opening in the outer edge area is 0.005.
- the ratio of the radius of the porous plate to the central area is 2/1.
- the number of porous plates is one, and the axial height of the porous plate from the bottom gas distributor is 1.05 times the axial height of the dense phase zone.
- a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline As shown in Fig. 4, a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
- a porous plate as shown in FIG. 3 is provided in the sputtering transition zone of the reactor.
- the porous plate includes a central area in an intermediate area and an outer edge area provided on the outer periphery and surrounding the central area.
- the ratio of the size of the opening in the outer edge area to the area of the opening in the central area is 1/10.
- the equivalent diameter of the opening in the outer edge area is 0.005.
- the ratio of the radius of the porous plate to the central area is 2/1.
- the number of porous plates is one, and the axial height of the porous plate from the bottom gas distributor is 1.05 times the axial height of the dense phase zone.
- the catalyst used is a metal-supported catalyst, with copper as the main active component, the carrier is silica, the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m, and the particle content below 80 ⁇ m is 5%; the reaction conditions are: fluidized bed reactor The apparent gas velocity inside is 0.3 m / s, the molar ratio of hydrogen to nitrobenzene is 10, the average reaction temperature in the dense phase zone is controlled at 260 ° C, and the reaction pressure in the dense phase zone is 0.1 MPa.
- the angle ⁇ between the two sides of the upper baffle of the double trapezoidal member is 60 °, and the angle ⁇ between the two sides of the lower baffle is 90 °. Openings and / or slits on both sides of the upper baffle of the double trapezoidal member, and the ratio of the total area of the openings and / or slits to the area of the side is 20%; the lower stop of the double trapezoidal member There are holes and / or slits on both sides of the board, and the ratio of the total area of the holes and / or slits to the area of the sides is 8%. There are four double trapezoidal members in the dense phase area of the fluidized bed reactor, which are divided into two layers.
- a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline As shown in Fig. 4, a fluidized bed reactor for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
- a porous plate as shown in FIG. 3 is provided in the sputtering transition zone of the reactor.
- the porous plate includes a central area in an intermediate area and an outer edge area provided on the outer periphery and surrounding the central area.
- the ratio of the size of the opening in the outer edge area to the area of the opening in the central area is 1/10.
- the equivalent diameter of the opening in the outer edge area is 0.005.
- the ratio of the radius of the porous plate to the central area is 2/1.
- the number of porous plates is one, and the axial height of the porous plate from the bottom gas distributor is 1.05 times the axial height of the dense phase zone.
- the catalyst used is a metal-supported catalyst, with copper as the main active component, the carrier is silica, the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m, and the particle content below 80 ⁇ m is 5%; the reaction conditions are: fluidized bed reactor The apparent gas velocity inside is 0.3 m / s, the molar ratio of hydrogen to nitrobenzene is 10, the average reaction temperature in the dense phase zone is controlled at 260 ° C, and the reaction pressure in the dense phase zone is 0.1 MPa.
- the catalyst used is a metal-supported catalyst, with copper as the main active component, the carrier is silica, the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m, and the particle content below 80 ⁇ m is 5%; the reaction conditions are: fluidized bed reactor The apparent gas velocity inside is 0.3 m / s, the molar ratio of hydrogen to nitrobenzene is 10, the average reaction temperature in the dense phase zone is controlled at 260 ° C, and the reaction pressure in the dense phase zone is 0.1 MPa.
- the two double trapezoidal members of each layer are parallel to each other and spaced apart by 100 mm in the horizontal direction.
- the double trapezoidal members are staggered and evenly distributed in the reactor, and are located in different horizontal planes between any two of the double trapezoidal members adjacent in the vertical direction
- the included angle in the longitudinal direction is 90 °
- the vertical distance between adjacent double trapezoidal members in the vertical direction is 300 mm.
- the standard deviation of the dense phase zone in the fluidized bed is 1220 Pa, and the expansion coefficient is 1.20. The results are shown in Table 7.
- the two double trapezoidal members of each layer are parallel to each other and spaced apart by 100 mm in the horizontal direction.
- the double trapezoidal members are staggered and evenly distributed in the reactor, and are located in different horizontal planes between any two of the double trapezoidal members adjacent in the vertical direction
- the angle in the longitudinal direction is 90 °, and the vertical distance between the adjacent double trapezoidal members in the vertical direction is 150 mm.
- the grid-type rectifier used in the prior art is installed in the fluidized bed reactor device.
- the average particle size of the catalyst is 400 ⁇ m.
- Other process conditions are the same.
- the standard deviation of the dense phase zone in the fluidized bed is 1680 Pa, and the expansion coefficient is 1.17. The results are shown in Table 7.
- no rectifying fluid is set, that is, a free fluidized bed
- the average particle size of the catalyst is 300 ⁇ m
- the other process conditions are the same
- the standard deviation of the dense phase zone in the fluidized bed is 1810 Pa
- the expansion coefficient is 1.05. See Table 7 for details.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 一种流化装置(特别是流化床反应器),包括壳体、气体分布器、以及由所述壳体的内壁与所述气体分布器的上表面限定的内腔,所述内腔具有底部(相应于所述气体分布器的上表面)和顶部,其中沿着所述流化装置的中心轴线方向,设所述底部与所述顶部之间的垂直距离为H(单位是m),从所述底部向上至0.1H、0.2H、0.3H、0.4H、0.5H、0.6H、0.7H或0.8H的内腔区域为下部区域,从所述顶部向下至0.1H、0.2H、0.3H、0.4H、0.5H、0.6H、0.7H或0.8H的内腔区域为上部区域,并且所述下部区域与所述上部区域之间的内腔区域为中部区域,所述中部区域沿着所述流化装置的中心轴线方向的高度为0.005H-0.2H、0.005H-0.05H或者0.005H-0.02H,在所述中部区域设置有多孔板(比如选自冲孔板、筛网和格栅中的至少一种,特别是格栅),所述多孔板包括外缘区域和中央区域,(1)设所述外缘区域的开孔率为A1(单位是%),设所述中央区域的开孔率为A2(单位是%),则A1/A2=0-0.95(优选0.1-0.5),或者所述外缘区域的开孔总面积(单位是m 2)与所述中央区域的开孔总面积(单位是m 2)的比值为1/10-1/2或1/5-1/2。
- 权利要求1所述的流化装置,其中所述上部区域相应于稀相区,所述下部区域相应于密相区,所述中部区域相应于颗粒溅射过渡区,和/或,所述多孔板距离所述气体分布器的上表面的轴向高度(单位是m)为所述密相区的轴向高度(单位是m)的1.05-1.5倍或1.05-1.2倍。
- 权利要求1所述的流化装置,其中所述多孔板的数量为1个或多个(比如1-5个,特别是1-3个或1个),并且在存在多个时,任意相邻两个所述多孔板沿着所述流化装置的中心轴线方向的垂直距离(单位是m)为0.001H-0.05H。
- 权利要求1所述的流化装置,其中所述多孔板的外周缘上任意一点与所述多孔板的中心点之间的直线距离为R(特别是半 径),将所述多孔板上与所述中心点直线距离为r的所有点围绕而成的区域称为中央区域,将所述中央区域与所述外周缘之间的区域称为外缘区域,则r/R=0.2-0.99(优选0.5-0.9,更优选0.7-0.85)或者R/r=2/1至9/1,优选2/1至5/1。
- 权利要求1所述的流化装置,其中所述中央区域的开孔(称为中央开孔)的数量为1-650(优选5-150,更优选15-150)个/平方米所述中央区域,和/或,所述外缘区域的开孔(称为外缘开孔)的数量为0-4000(优选100-600,更优选200-500)个/平方米所述外缘区域,和/或,在存在多个时,多个所述中央开孔的当量直径彼此相同或不同,各自独立地为0.04-1m、0.04-0.5m、或者0.04-0.1m,和/或,在存在多个时,多个所述外缘开孔的当量直径彼此相同或不同,各自独立地为0.005-0.2m、0.005-0.08m、或者0.005-0.03m,和/或,所述外缘区域的开孔率为2-40%(优选8-20%),所述中央区域的开孔率为30-100%(优选40-80%),和/或,所述多孔板具有基本上圆形形状,所述圆形的直径为1-10m,优选2-5m,和/或,所述多孔板的厚度为5-40mm,优选10-35mm。
- 权利要求1所述的流化装置,其中在将所述多孔板水平放置时,分隔任意相邻两个所述开孔的支撑体沿垂直方向切割而形成的截面形状选自正方形、三角形、菱形、长方形、圆形、椭圆形、环形以及这些形状的任意组合,或者分隔任意相邻两个所述开孔的支撑体沿垂直方向切割而形成的截面形状使得基本上没有固体颗粒累积在所述支撑体朝向所述上部区域的表面上和/或使得与所述支撑体朝向所述下部区域的表面接触的固体颗粒基本上被拦截,或者所述支撑体是弯曲板状或者平板状(优选垂直设置或者从垂直方向朝向所述下部区域倾斜(特别是倾斜0.1-60°、5-30°或10-20°)设置。
- 权利要求1所述的流化装置,其中所述外缘区域和所述中央区域与所述流化装置的中心轴线同轴,和/或,所述多孔板的外周缘顺应所述中部区域的壳体内壁的形状,并固定或者连接于所述 壳体内壁,和/或,所述多孔板的外周缘与所述中部区域的壳体内壁气密性结合。
- 权利要求1所述的流化装置,其中所述H是5-60m(优选10-30m),和/或,所述下部区域的直径为0.5-12m(优选1-8m),和/或,所述中部区域的直径为0.5-16m(优选1-10m)。
- 权利要求1所述的流化装置,还包括设置于所述上部区域中的气固分离装置(比如旋风分离器)和设置于所述下部区域中的换热装置(比如换热管件),并任选包括设置于所述下部区域中的双梯形构件。
- 权利要求9所述的流化装置,其中所述双梯形构件包括上挡板、下挡板和使所述上挡板与所述下挡板相对固定的连接件,所述上挡板沿其中心轴线的纵剖面为梯形(称为第一梯形),所述第一梯形的上底边(较长底边)和下底边(较短底边)开口,两个侧边(腰)彼此互成夹角,所述下挡板沿其中心轴线的纵剖面为梯形(称为第二梯形),所述第二梯形的上底边(较短底边)和下底边(较长底边)开口,两个侧边(腰)彼此互成夹角,所述第一梯形的所述下底边开口与所述第二梯形的所述上底边开口彼此嵌套设置(优选所述第二梯形的所述上底边开口嵌套在所述第一梯形的所述下底边开口内)。
- 权利要求10所述的流化装置,其中所述上挡板的所述中心轴线与所述下挡板的所述中心轴线同轴,和/或,所述上挡板的所述两个侧边的夹角(α)的范围为0-120°(优选0-60°),所述下挡板的所述两个侧边的夹角(β)的范围为0-120°(优选45-90°),和/或,所述上挡板的所述较短底边的长度与所述下挡板的所述较短底边的长度之比大于1(优选1.1-3),和/或,所述下挡板的所述较短底边与所述上挡板的所述较短底边的垂直距离(单位是mm)为0至小于H 1(优选0.01H1至0.5H1),其中H1是所述第一梯形的高度(单位是mm),和/或,所述第一梯形的高度H1是20-150mm,所述第二梯形的高度H2是20-150mm。
- 权利要求10所述的流化装置,其中所述上挡板的所述两个侧边围绕其中心轴线形成封闭或不封闭的曲面,所述下挡板的所述两个侧边围绕其中心轴线形成封闭或不封闭的曲面,和/或,所述上挡板的所述曲面的开孔率为10-50%,所述下挡板的所述曲面的开孔率为3-30%,或者,所述上挡板的所述两个侧边沿着其长度方向延伸而形成两个侧面,所述下挡板的所述两个侧边沿着其长度方向延伸而形成两个侧面,和/或,所述上挡板的所述两个侧面中至少一个(优选两个)的开孔率为10-50%,所述下挡板的所述两个侧面中至少一个(优选两个)的开孔率为3-30%,和/或,所述上挡板沿着其长度方向的尺寸是30-250mm,所述下挡板沿着其长度方向的尺寸是30-250mm。
- 权利要求9所述的流化装置,其中当所述双梯形构件的数量是多个(比如4-240个,优选10-120个)时,所述多个双梯形构件可以全部位于同一水平面内、分别位于不同水平面内或者其任意的组合,和/或,位于不同水平面内且在垂直方向上相邻的任意两个所述双梯形构件之间长度方向的夹角(γ)为30-90°,和/或,位于不同水平面内且在垂直方向上相邻的任意两个所述双梯形构件之间的垂直距离H3不小于100mm,和/或,位于同一水平面内的任意相邻两个所述双梯形构件之间的水平距离H4不小于80mm。
- 一种双梯形构件,包括上挡板、下挡板和使所述上挡板与所述下挡板相对固定的连接件,所述上挡板沿其中心轴线的纵剖面为梯形(称为第一梯形),所述第一梯形的上底边(较长底边)和下底边(较短底边)开口,两个侧边(腰)彼此互成夹角,所述下挡板沿其中心轴线的纵剖面为梯形(称为第二梯形),所述第二梯形的上底边(较短底边)和下底边(较长底边)开口,两个侧边(腰)彼此互成夹角,所述第一梯形的所述下底边开口与所述第二梯形的所述上底边开口彼此嵌套设置(优选所述第二梯形的所述上底边开 口嵌套在所述第一梯形的所述下底边开口内)。
- 权利要求14所述的双梯形构件,其中所述上挡板的所述中心轴线与所述下挡板的所述中心轴线同轴,和/或,所述上挡板的所述两个侧边的夹角(α)的范围为0-120°(优选0-60°),所述下挡板的所述两个侧边的夹角(β)的范围为0-120°(优选45-90°),和/或,所述上挡板的所述较短底边的长度与所述下挡板的所述较短底边的长度之比大于1(优选1.1-3),和/或,所述下挡板的所述较短底边与所述上挡板的所述较短底边的垂直距离(单位是mm)为0至小于H1(优选0.01H1至0.5H1),其中H1是所述第一梯形的高度(单位是mm),和/或,所述第一梯形的高度H1是20-150mm,所述第二梯形的高度H2是20-150mm。
- 权利要求14所述的双梯形构件,其中所述上挡板的所述两个侧边围绕其中心轴线形成封闭或不封闭的曲面,所述下挡板的所述两个侧边围绕其中心轴线形成封闭或不封闭的曲面,和/或,所述上挡板的所述曲面的开孔率为10-50%,所述下挡板的所述曲面的开孔率为3-30%,或者,所述上挡板的所述两个侧边沿着其长度方向延伸而形成两个侧面,所述下挡板的所述两个侧边沿着其长度方向延伸而形成两个侧面,和/或,所述上挡板的所述两个侧面中至少一个(优选两个)的开孔率为10-50%,所述下挡板的所述两个侧面中至少一个(优选两个)的开孔率为3-30%,和/或,所述上挡板沿着其长度方向的尺寸是30-250mm,所述下挡板沿着其长度方向的尺寸是30-250mm。
- 一种流化装置(特别是流化床反应器),包括壳体、气体分布器、以及由所述壳体的内壁与所述气体分布器的上表面限定的内腔,其中在所述内腔中设置有权利要求14所述的双梯形构件。
- 一种硝基化合物的加氢反应方法,包括使作为反应原料的硝基化合物(特别是硝基苯)与氢气和加氢催化剂接触而获得反应 产物(比如氨基化合物,特别是苯胺)的步骤(称为加氢反应步骤),其中所述加氢反应步骤在权利要求1或17所述的流化床反应器中进行。
- 权利要求18所述的加氢反应方法,其中所述加氢反应步骤的反应条件包括:表观气速为0.2-0.8m/s,氢气与所述反应原料(比如硝基苯)的摩尔比为6-21,反应温度为220-280℃,反应压力为0.05-1MPa(表压),所述加氢催化剂为选自铜系负载型催化剂、镍系负载型催化剂和贵金属系负载型催化剂中的至少一种,和/或,所述加氢催化剂的堆密度为300-1200kg/m 3,和/或,所述加氢催化剂的平均粒径为30-800μm(优选40-500μm或50-600μm),且粒径小于80μm的催化剂颗粒占全部催化剂颗粒的质量百分比不小于2wt%(优选5-15wt%),和/或,所述硝基化合物是选自用以下结构式(1)表示的化合物中的至少一种,R-NO 2 (1)在结构式(1)中,R是任选取代的C2-20直链、支链或环状烃基(优选任选取代的C4-20环状烃基,特别是任选取代的C6-20芳基,更特别是任选取代的苯基)。
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BR112021007325A2 (pt) | 2021-07-20 |
TWI835891B (zh) | 2024-03-21 |
SG11202103956YA (en) | 2021-05-28 |
KR102815564B1 (ko) | 2025-05-29 |
JP2022512755A (ja) | 2022-02-07 |
EP3868465A4 (en) | 2022-06-15 |
CN111054271A (zh) | 2020-04-24 |
TW202031350A (zh) | 2020-09-01 |
US12098114B2 (en) | 2024-09-24 |
KR20210074363A (ko) | 2021-06-21 |
CN111054271B (zh) | 2021-03-26 |
EP3868465A1 (en) | 2021-08-25 |
US20210371371A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
JP7330269B2 (ja) | 2023-08-21 |
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