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WO2020073583A1 - 滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置及方法 - Google Patents

滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073583A1
WO2020073583A1 PCT/CN2019/075871 CN2019075871W WO2020073583A1 WO 2020073583 A1 WO2020073583 A1 WO 2020073583A1 CN 2019075871 W CN2019075871 W CN 2019075871W WO 2020073583 A1 WO2020073583 A1 WO 2020073583A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pulley
rope
positioning
loading
brake
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/075871
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛强
王重秋
夏士雄
周勇
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中国矿业大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 中国矿业大学 filed Critical 中国矿业大学
Priority to AU2019356608A priority Critical patent/AU2019356608B2/en
Publication of WO2020073583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073583A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/005—Testing of complete machines, e.g. washing-machines or mobile phones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/007—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vertical shaft lifting joint debugging test device and method, in particular to a joint shaft testing device and method suitable for a vertical shaft hoist.
  • the vertical shaft hoist as the main mine hoisting equipment, has the important task of lifting coal gangue, lowering materials, lifting personnel and equipment, and is the connection hub between the underground coal mine and the ground.
  • the joint adjustment test of the hoist refers to the joint installation of the spindle device (including reel, spindle, bearing seat), pad, brake system, etc. after successful installation, to jointly check whether the spindle device and brake system can adapt to normal and extreme working conditions.
  • the vertical shaft hoist is a large-scale basic equipment installed at one time, especially the tower type vertical shaft hoist. Its on-site installation requires a large installation cost. Therefore, the joint debugging test before delivery needs to fully reflect the drive of the mine hoist, Braking performance, to avoid major installation and commissioning costs caused by secondary installation.
  • the joint test of vertical shaft hoist is mainly no-load operation, that is, only the motor is used to drive the main shaft device to run idly, and no load test has been carried out.
  • the braking performance of the brake cannot be accurately evaluated. Due to the diverse geological conditions of the coal mine, different demands are placed on the lifting load and lifting speed. As a result, many types of vertical shaft hoists with different drum diameters, drum wrapping angles, number of wire ropes, and wire rope spacing have been produced, resulting in It is difficult to adopt a unified device for machine performance testing, and constructing evaluation devices for shaft hoists of different specifications will incur significant construction and operating costs and will not meet economic needs. This makes it difficult for enterprises to build corresponding loading and braking detection platforms for various types of shaft hoists before leaving the factory. There is a lack of dedicated joint debugging test equipment, which mainly stays in theoretical calculation and three-dimensional mechanical simulation.
  • the state monitoring method for deep well hoisting equipment disclosed in application number CN201710531454.5 can strip fault signals from mixed monitoring signals based on signal fusion, and the monitoring system is running. status.
  • some researchers built various test benches to test and improve the performance of the system.
  • the ultra-deep mine lifting system test bench disclosed in patent number ZL201410528414.1 uses the horizontal drag of the motor to replace the vertical lifting conditions under the actual working conditions.
  • Nuclear avoid repeated testing investment of large production enterprises, improve the manufacturing quality of small production enterprises, and ensure the safety of the lifting system from the source; second, mainly for the detection of a single type of lifting system, can not effectively adapt to different reel diameters, rolls The hoisting system of the tube wrap angle, the number of steel wire ropes, and the spacing of the steel wire ropes; third, the lack of load testing before installation, the load bearing performance of the main shaft device, the anti-skid performance of the liner, and the braking performance of the brake cannot be accurately evaluated; fourth, Detection of in-service mines cannot effectively use the characteristic parameter changes of the main shaft device under no load and heavy load, which is an important feature for diagnosing abnormal deformation and cracks of the main shaft device, and can not simulate the jam, secondary Loading and other vicious working conditions, and the latter is to judge the main shaft device, friction pad, brake An important reference for whether the system can withstand extreme working conditions.
  • a vertical shaft hoisting joint testing device which can carry out joint testing of the main shaft device, liner and brake system of different types of hoisting systems to simulate normal working conditions such as no load and heavy load, as well as jam , Secondary devices and other extreme working conditions, so as to accurately assess the bearing performance of the main shaft device, the anti-skid performance of the pad, and the brake performance of the brake, are of great significance for ensuring the safety of the shaft.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art, and to provide a device and method for a stepless rope type vertical shaft hoisting joint testing device with a simple structure and both reliability and convenience.
  • the pulley group type vertical shaft hoisting joint testing device of the present invention includes a supporting foundation, a pulley group loading device, a pulley rope and a rope pitch positioning device.
  • the supporting foundation is horizontally and horizontally grooved.
  • the horizontal and vertical steps form a I platform, II platform and III platform according to different heights; on the III platform of the supporting foundation (14) there are two pulley block loading devices symmetrically arranged along the horizontal longitudinal direction; on the I platform of the supporting foundation along the horizontal
  • the horizontal riding span is equipped with the main shaft device of the measured shaft hoist composed of the motor, bearing housing, main shaft, drum, brake disc, friction pad, brake brake support plate and brake brake; the II platform on the support base
  • the guide wheel of the shaft hoist to be tested is installed along the horizontal transverse straddle; one end of the pulley rope is fixed on the pulley rope fixing card of the loading device of the pulley group, and is wound in turn through the movable pulley II, the fixed pulley and the movable pulley I, and finally It is fixed on the pulley rope positioning card of the rope pitch positioning device.
  • the pulley block loading device includes balls, sliding plates, fixed bottom plates, loading cylinder piston rods, loading cylinder sleeves, fixed vertical plates, surrounding angle positioning beams, surrounding angle positioning holes, surrounding angle positioning wheels, positioning wheel bearings
  • the fixed vertical plate is vertically arranged at one end of the fixed base plate, and the upper and lower ends of the fixed vertical plate are provided with loading
  • the cylinder sleeve, the piston rod of the loading cylinder is fixed with a sliding plate, and the bottom of the sliding plate is provided with balls at the bottom in the vertical direction, so that the sliding plate can slide freely in the horizontal and horizontal direction under the push and pull of the loading cylinder;
  • the two sides of the middle of the fixed vertical plate are respectively A wrap angle positioning beam and a fixed pulley beam are provided.
  • the wrap angle positioning beam is provided with a wrap angle positioning hole along a horizontal direction.
  • the wrap angle positioning wheel is disposed on a positioning wheel bearing seat.
  • the positioning wheel bearing seat passes through
  • the positioning wheel bolts are set on the surrounding angle positioning beams through the surrounding angle positioning holes, and the fixed pulley beams are clamped and arranged with fixed pulleys along the horizontal and lateral plates, and the fixed pulley beams are along the water
  • the longitudinal front plate is provided with a pulley rope fixing card, and a movable pulley beam is arranged in the middle of the sliding plate.
  • the movable pulley beam is provided with a movable pulley I and a movable pulley II along a horizontal and lateral side plate; the surrounding angle positioning wheel and fixed pulley ,
  • the movable pulley I, the movable pulley II and the pulley rope fixing cards are arranged in a row along the horizontal longitudinal direction with the same number, the number is equal to the number of pulley ropes, the number of the pulley ropes is more than the number of steel ropes, the surrounding angle positioning wheel,
  • the fixed pulley, the movable pulley I and the movable pulley II are all provided with rope grooves, and the same row of the fixed pulley, the movable pulley II and the movable pulley I form a pulley group.
  • the rope pitch positioning device includes a pulley rope positioning card, a rope pitch positioning plate, a rope pitch positioning hole, a positioning pin, a positioning fixture, a steel wire rope card, and a plurality of balancing cylinders composed of a balancing cylinder sleeve and a balancing cylinder piston rod; the pulley The rope positioning card is fixed on one side of the rope pitch positioning plate, and the pulley rope and the rope pitch positioning plate are connected together by a pulley rope positioning card, and one end of the positioning fixture is fixed to the rope pitch positioning plate through a rope positioning hole through a positioning pin On the other side, the other end of the positioning jig is inherently balanced with a cylinder sleeve.
  • the top of the piston rod of the balance cylinder is provided with a wire rope clamp, and the pressure-bearing chambers of all the balancing cylinders communicate with each other through a pipeline.
  • the rope pitch positioning plate is provided with four rows of pitch positioning holes along four vertical intervals of 200mm, 250mm, 300mm and 350mm, and another set of pitch positioning holes of the same pitch is provided along the horizontal direction for setting Positioning fixture.
  • the number of the positioning fixtures is four or six, depending on the specifications of the spindle device under test.
  • the testing method using the above-mentioned pulley block type vertical shaft hoisting joint testing device includes the following steps:
  • the surrounding angle positioning holes of the corresponding position fix the positioning wheel bearing seat on the surrounding angle positioning beam through the positioning wheel bolts, and select the number of pulley ropes according to the load test requirements of the tested shaft hoist to determine the surrounding package
  • the number of angle positioning wheels, fixed pulleys, movable pulleys I and movable pulleys II the number of pulley ropes is more than the number of steel ropes, so that under the same load test, the number of pulley ropes, surrounding angle positioning wheels, fixed pulleys, movable pulleys I and movable pulleys are reduced
  • the fixed pulley is clamped and installed horizontally and longitudinally between the two side plates of the fixed pulley beam along the horizontal and horizontal directions
  • the pulley rope fixing card is installed on the front plate of the fixed pulley beam along the horizontal longitudinal direction
  • the movable pulley beam is installed in the middle of the sliding plate ,
  • the movable pulley beam is clampe
  • the brake brake is installed on the brake support plate along the circumference of the brake disc rim to enable it to be clamped during action Brake discs, thereby braking the main shaft device, and installing the guide wheels of the shaft hoist to be tested along the horizontal and horizontal straddle on the supporting foundation II platform;
  • F pulley rope is the tension of the single pulley rope on the side
  • N pulley rope is the number of the pulley rope on the side
  • F steel rope is the tension of the single steel rope on the side
  • N steel rope is the root of the steel rope of the spindle device under test number
  • the piston rod of the loading cylinder on the rising side is pressed back, the piston rod of the loading cylinder on the descending side extends, the pulley ropes on both sides are tensioned, the loading hydraulic cylinder drives the pulley rope movement, and the pulley rope drives the steel rope movement through the rope pitch positioning device.
  • the balance cylinder connected to the pressure chamber makes the tension of multiple steel ropes the same, thereby simulating the load of the steel rope on both sides of the spindle device under test under various working conditions;
  • the testing of the bearing performance of the main shaft device mainly includes crack detection and strength verification. At this time, the brake brake clamps the brake disc and shuts down the motor:
  • the test of the anti-skid performance of the friction pad mainly includes the static friction test and the dynamic friction test:
  • the brake brake clamps the brake disc, shuts down the motor, simulates the tension difference between the two sides of the steel wire rope under extreme conditions such as overload and secondary loading, and adjusts the loading cylinder of the pulley block loading device Hydraulic pressure, start loading hydraulic cylinder, use the hydraulic loading device to load the drum within the range of the wrap angle, use the micro-displacement sensor to detect whether there is relative sliding between the steel wire rope and the friction pad at this time, so as to judge that the friction pad is static Whether it can meet the anti-skid requirements;
  • the brake brake clamps the brake disc, shuts down the motor, simulates the tension difference between the steel wire rope on both sides of the reel under heavy load, adjusts the oil pressure of the loading cylinder of the loading device of the pulley block, and starts loading
  • the hydraulic cylinder uses a hydraulic loading device to load the reel within the envelope angle, start the motor, and open the brake.
  • the motor controls the reel to start with angular acceleration a 1 and angular deceleration a 2 to stop, and uses a micro-displacement sensor to detect At this time, the creep slip between the wire rope and the friction pad is within the allowable range under the corresponding angular acceleration, so as to determine whether the friction pad can meet the anti-skid requirements under dynamic conditions.
  • the testing of the braking performance of the brake mainly includes two aspects of static braking test and dynamic braking test:
  • the brake brake clamps the brake disc, shuts down the motor, simulates the tension difference between the two sides of the steel rope under the extreme working conditions of the drum, adjusts the oil pressure of the loading cylinder of the loading device of the pulley block, and starts Load the hydraulic cylinder, use the hydraulic loading device to load the reel within the envelope angle, detect whether there is relative sliding between the brake and the brake disc at this time, so as to determine whether the brake can effectively brake in the static state Spindle device;
  • the brake brake clamps the brake disc, shuts down the motor, simulates the difference in the tension of the steel rope on both sides of the reel under heavy load, and adjusts the hydraulic pressure of the loading cylinder of the loading device of the pulley block.
  • Start loading hydraulic cylinder use the hydraulic loading device to load the reel within the envelope angle, start the motor, open the brake, the motor controls the reel to start at the angular acceleration a 1 and reach the speed v, turn off the motor, and start the brake Brake, detect whether the brake brake's free travel time and brake deceleration are within the allowable range, so as to determine whether the brake system can effectively brake the spindle device under dynamic conditions.
  • the present invention is applicable to various specifications of vertical shaft hoisting machines.
  • the load on both sides of the drum is simulated based on the principle of pulley group driving wire rope and hydraulic cylinder driving pulley group .
  • the parallel driving method of multiple pulley ropes can significantly reduce the load demand on the pulley rope, and then reduce the diameter of the pulley under the same load test, which significantly improves the economy, practicality and reliability of the test device.
  • the method can reduce the diameter of the single-load cylinder.
  • a balanced cylinder with pressure chambers communicating with each other is used to make the tension of the plurality of steel ropes measured uniform.
  • the opposite two wrap angle positioning wheels can be used for spindles with different drum diameters and wrap angles.
  • the device adopts the rope pitch positioning plate to be suitable for the main shaft device with different number of steel wire ropes and the spacing of the steel wire ropes, so it is suitable for a variety of vertical shaft hoists;
  • the pulley set with hydraulic loading can simulate normal working conditions such as no load, light load, heavy load, etc. It can simulate overload and secondary heavy load and other vicious extreme working conditions, combined with acoustic emission sensor and micro
  • the displacement sensor makes a reliable assessment of the bearing performance of the main shaft device, the anti-skid performance of the friction pad, and the braking performance of the brake.
  • the structure is simple and the versatility is strong.
  • the full-state loading test of the device is of great significance to ensure the safety of the shaft lifting system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a loading device of a pulley block of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the pitch positioning device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the device of the present invention.
  • a pulley block type vertical shaft hoisting joint testing device includes a support foundation 14, a pulley block loading device 1, a pulley rope 2 and a rope pitch positioning device 3, and the support foundation 14 has a groove shape along a horizontal and horizontal direction It is stepped along the horizontal longitudinal direction, forming the I platform, II platform and III platform according to different heights; on the III platform of the support foundation 14 there are two pulley block loading devices 1 arranged symmetrically along the horizontal longitudinal direction; on the I platform of the support foundation 14 A vertical shaft hoist consisting of a motor 7, a bearing housing 9, a main shaft 8, a reel 10, a brake disc 12, a friction pad 11, a brake brake support plate 6, and a brake brake 5 is installed along the horizontal transverse ride The main shaft device; the guide wheel 13 of the shaft hoist to be tested is installed on the II platform supporting the foundation 14 along the horizontal transverse stride; one end of the pulley rope 2 is fixed to the pulley rope fixing card 1-o of the pulley group loading device
  • the loading device 1 of the pulley set includes a ball 1-a, a sliding plate 1-b, a fixed bottom plate 1-c, a loading cylinder piston rod 1-d, a loading cylinder liner 1-e, and a fixed vertical plate 1-f, surrounding angle positioning beam 1-g, surrounding angle positioning hole 1-h, surrounding angle positioning wheel 1-i, positioning wheel bearing housing 1-j, positioning wheel bolt 1-k, moving pulley I1-l , Movable sheave beam 1-m, movable sheave II 1-n, sheave rope fixing card 1-o, fixed sheave beam 1-p and fixed sheave 1-q;
  • the fixed vertical plate 1-f is arranged on the fixed base plate 1- in the vertical direction At one end of c, the upper and lower ends of the fixed vertical plate 1-f are provided with a loading cylinder sleeve 1-e, the loading cylinder piston rod 1-d is fixed with a sliding plate 1-b, the sliding plate 1-b is along the vertical direction The bottom is provided with balls 1-a, so that the sliding plate 1-b can slide
  • the movable sheave beam 1-m is provided with movable sheaves I1-l and movable sheaves II1- clamped along a horizontal lateral plate n; the surrounding angle positioning wheel 1-i, fixed pulley 1-q, movable pulley I1-l, movable pulley II1-n and pulley rope fixing card 1-o are arranged in a row in the same amount in the horizontal longitudinal direction, the number is equal to the pulley
  • the number of ropes 2 is greater than the number of wire ropes 4, and the surrounding angle positioning wheel 1-i, fixed pulley 1-q, movable pulley I1-l and movable pulley II1-n are all provided with ropes
  • the groove, fixed pulley 1-q, movable pulley II1-n and movable pulley I1-l in the same row form a pulley block.
  • the rope pitch positioning device 3 includes a pulley rope positioning card 3-a, a rope pitch positioning plate 3-b, a rope pitch positioning hole 3-c, a positioning pin 3-d, and a positioning jig 3-e , A steel rope clamp 3-h and a plurality of balancing cylinders composed of a balancing cylinder sleeve 3-f and a balancing cylinder piston rod 3-g;
  • the pulley rope positioning card 3-a is fixed on one side of the rope pitch positioning plate 3-b
  • the pulley rope 2 is connected to the rope pitch positioning plate 3-b through a pulley rope positioning card 3-a, and one end of the positioning jig 3-e is fixed to the rope through a positioning pin 3-d via a rope pitch positioning hole 3-c
  • the other end of the positioning fixture 3-e is inherently balanced cylinder cylinder sleeve 3-f
  • the top of the balance cylinder piston rod 3-g is provided with a steel rope clamp 3-h, all the balance cylinder
  • the rope pitch positioning plate 3-b is provided with four rows of pitch pitch positioning holes 3-c in the vertical direction of 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, and 350mm, and the same pitch is provided in the horizontal direction
  • Another set of pitch positioning holes 3-c is used to set positioning fixtures 3-e.
  • the number of the positioning fixtures 3-e is four or six, depending on the specifications of the spindle device under test.
  • a pulley block type vertical shaft lifting joint debugging test method as shown in FIG. 5, includes the following steps:
  • the fixed pulley 1-q is clamped and installed between the two horizontal and horizontal plates along the horizontal longitudinal direction, and the fixed rope 1-o and the middle of the sliding plate 1-b are installed on the front plate of the fixed pulley beam 1-p along the horizontal and longitudinal direction
  • Install the movable pulley beam 1-m clamp and install the movable pulley I1-l and the movable pulley II1-n on the horizontal and longitudinal side plates of the movable pulley beam 1-m, and assemble into two pulley group loading devices 1;
  • Two pulley block loading devices 1 are installed symmetrically along the horizontal longitudinal direction on the support foundation 14III platform, and the main shaft device of the shaft hoist to be tested is installed along the horizontal transverse ride on the support foundation 14I platform, and the bearing base 9 rides along the horizontal transverse direction Installed on the support foundation 14I platform, the motor 7, main shaft 8 and reel 10 are coaxially mounted, the brake disc 12 is installed on the outer edge of the reel 10, and the friction pad 11 is pressed against the outer shell of the reel 10 in the circumferential direction.
  • the brake brake support plate 6 is mounted on the support foundation 14I platform along the horizontal and horizontal span and is distributed on both sides of the main shaft device.
  • the brake brake 5 is installed along the circumferential direction of the brake disc 12 rim so that During operation, the brake disc 12 can be clamped so as to brake the main shaft device, and the guide wheel 13 of the shaft hoist to be tested is installed on the supporting foundation 14II platform along the horizontal and transverse stride;
  • the F pulley rope is the tension of the single pulley rope on the side
  • the N pulley rope is the number of the side pulley ropes
  • the F steel rope is the tension of the single steel rope on the side
  • the N steel rope is the root of the steel rope of the spindle device under test
  • (f) When testing the bearing performance of the spindle device, it mainly includes crack detection and strength verification. At this time, the brake 5 clamps the brake disc 12 and shuts down the motor 7: first, when detecting whether the spindle device has In case of cracks, install the acoustic emission sensor in the shell of the reel 10, the supporting ring, the reinforcement ribs, the spokes, and the riveting place of the main shaft 8 and other places where cracks are likely to occur.
  • (g) When testing the anti-skid performance of the friction pad, it mainly includes static friction test and dynamic friction test: first, when the static friction test is performed, the brake 5 clamps the brake disc 12, the motor 7 is turned off, and the simulation volume The tension difference between the two sides of the steel wire rope of the drum 10 under extreme conditions such as overload and secondary loading, adjust the hydraulic pressure of the loading cylinder of the loading device 1 of the pulley set, start the loading hydraulic cylinder, and use the hydraulic loading device 1 to adjust the reel 10 to the angle of the wrap Load inside, use micro-displacement sensor to detect whether there is relative sliding between the wire rope 4 and the friction pad 11 at this time, so as to determine whether the friction pad can meet the anti-skid requirements under static conditions; second, when performing dynamic friction test, brake The brake 5 clamps the brake disc 12, shuts off the motor 7, simulates the tension difference between the steel ropes on both sides of the reel 10 under heavy load conditions, adjusts the oil pressure of the loading cylinder of the pulley block loading device 1, starts the loading hydraulic cylinder
  • (h) When testing the braking performance of the brake, it mainly includes static braking test and dynamic braking test: first, when the static braking test is performed, the brake 5 clamps the brake disc 12, Turn off the motor 7, simulate the tension difference between the two sides of the steel rope of the reel 10 under extreme conditions, adjust the hydraulic pressure of the loading cylinder of the loading device 1 of the pulley set, start the loading hydraulic cylinder, and use the hydraulic loading device 1 to adjust the reel 10 at the wrap angle Load within the range, detect whether there is relative sliding between the brake 5 and the brake disc 12 at this time, so as to determine whether the brake 5 can effectively brake the spindle device under static conditions; second, when performing dynamic braking test At the time, the brake 5 clamps the brake disc 12, shuts off the motor 7, simulates the tension difference between the steel ropes on both sides of the reel 10 under heavy load conditions, adjusts the oil pressure of the loading cylinder of the pulley block loading device 1, and starts loading the hydraulic cylinder , Use the hydraulic loading device 1 to load the reel 10 within the envelope angle

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Abstract

一种滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置，由支撑基础(14)、滑轮组加载装置（1）、滑轮绳（2）和绳距定位装置（3）构成，在支撑基础(14)的Ⅲ平台上沿水平纵向对称布置滑轮组加载装置（1），滑轮绳（2）的一端固定在滑轮组加载装置（1）上，卷绕穿过滑轮组固定到绳距定位装置（3），基于滑轮组驱动钢丝绳（4）、液压缸驱动滑轮组的原理模拟卷筒两侧负载，采用多滑轮绳（2）并联驱动的方式可以显著降低对滑轮绳（2）的负载需求，采用围包角定位轮（1-i）可以适用不同卷筒直径、围包角的主轴装置，采用绳距定位板（3-b）适用不同钢丝绳（4）根数、钢丝绳（4）间距的主轴装置，对主轴装置承载性能、摩擦衬垫（11）防滑性能、制动闸（5）制动性能进行可靠评估，可以对多种规格的立井提升机在现场安装前进行联调测试，对于确保立井提升安全性具有重要意义。

Description

滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种立井提升联调测试装置及方法，尤其中一种适用于立井提升机的联调测试装置及方法。
背景技术
立井提升机作为主要的矿井提升装备，担负着提升煤炭矸石、下放材料、升降人员和设备的重要任务，是煤矿井下与地面的连接枢纽。提升机联调测试是指主轴装置(包括卷筒、主轴、轴承座)、衬垫、制动系统等配套安装成功后，联合检测主轴装置和制动系统能否适应正常和极端工况，是提升机现场安装前的关键步骤。同时，立井提升机作为一次性安装的大型基础设备，特别是井塔式立井提升机，其现场安装需要较大的安装成本，因而出厂前的联调测试需要能够全面反映矿井提升机的驱动、制动性能，避免二次安装带来重大的安装调试成本。
目前，立井提升机的联调测试主要是空载运行，即仅利用电动机驱动主轴装置空转运行，并没有进行加载测试，因而对于立井提升系统中关键的主轴装置承载性能、衬垫防滑性能、制动闸制动性能不能够准确评估。由于煤矿的地质条件多样，对提升载荷、提升速度也产生了不同需求，由此产生了不同卷筒直径、卷筒围包角、钢丝绳根数、钢丝绳间距的多型号立井提升机，导致对提升机性能测试难以采用统一装置，而针对不同规格的立井提升机分别搭建评估装置，将产生重大的建造和运营成本，不满足经济性需求。这导致了企业在出厂前难以对各种型号的立井提升机搭建相应的加载和制动检测平台，缺乏专用的联调测试装置，主要停留在理论计算和三维机械仿真上。
目前，针对矿井提升系统的检测研究，主要集中对现役矿井进行检测，如申请号为CN201710531454.5公开的深井提升装备状态监测方法基于信号融合能够从混合监测信号中剥离出故障信号，监测系统运行状态。同时，部分学者通过搭建各种试验台测试提升系统性能，如专利号为ZL 201410528414.1公开的超深矿井提升系统试验台采用电动机水平拖拽的方式替代实际工况下的垂直提升的工况，模拟多种矿井提升功能；专利号为ZL 201610118998.4公开的超深矿井提升系统多功能模拟试验平台可以模拟实际工况下超深矿井提升装备运动状态，获取故障工况下提升装备主要性能参数；专利号为ZL 201410728399.5公开的千米深井缠绕提升钢丝绳冲击摩擦系统可以模拟不同转速、加速度、冲击速度、接触比压下的钢丝绳冲击摩擦工况。上述研究主要存在以下问题：第一，主要对现役设备进行状态监测，而缺乏对立井提升系统在安装前的性能测试，而后者可以对各厂商生产的不同型号立井提升系统在现场安装前统一校核，避免大型生产企业的重复测试投入，提升小型生产企业的制造质量，从源头上确保提升系统安全；第二，主要针对单一型号的提升系统进行检测，不能够有效适应不同卷筒直径、卷筒围包角、钢丝绳根数、钢丝绳间距的提升系统；第三，在安装前缺乏加载检测，对主轴装置承载性能、衬垫防滑性能、制动闸制动性能不能够准确 评估；第四，对在役矿井进行检测，不能够有效利用主轴装置在无负载和重载下的特征参数变化，而这是诊断主轴装置异常变形、裂纹等缺陷的重要特征，同时也不能模拟卡罐、二次装载等恶性工况，而后者是评判主轴装置、摩擦衬垫、制动系统能否承受极端工况的重要参考。因而，有必要研究一种立井提升联调测试装置，可以对不同型号的提升系统的主轴装置、衬垫和制动系统进行联调测试，模拟空载、重载等正常工况，以及卡罐、二次装置等极端工况，从而准确评估主轴装置承载性能、衬垫防滑性能、制动闸制动性能，对于确保立井提升安全性具有重要意义。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足之处，提供一种结构简单，兼具可靠性和便捷性的无极绳式立井提升联调测试装置及方法。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明的滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置，包括支撑基础、滑轮组加载装置、滑轮绳和绳距定位装置，所述的支撑基础沿水平横向呈凹槽形，沿水平纵向呈台阶状，按不同高度构成Ⅰ平台、Ⅱ平台、Ⅲ平台；在支撑基础(14)的Ⅲ平台上沿水平纵向对称布置有两个滑轮组加载装置；在支撑基础的Ⅰ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装有由电动机、轴承座、主轴、卷筒、制动盘、摩擦衬垫、制动闸支撑板、制动闸构成的被测立井提升机的主轴装置；在支撑基础的Ⅱ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装有被测立井提升机的导向轮；所述滑轮绳的一端固定在滑轮组加载装置的滑轮绳固定卡上，依次卷绕穿过动滑轮Ⅱ、定滑轮和动滑轮Ⅰ，最终固定在绳距定位装置的滑轮绳定位卡上。
所述的滑轮组加载装置包括滚珠、滑动板、固定底板、加载缸活塞杆、加载缸缸套、固定立板、围包角定位梁、围包角定位孔、围包角定位轮、定位轮轴承座、定位轮螺栓、动滑轮Ⅰ、动滑轮梁、动滑轮Ⅱ、滑轮绳固定卡、定滑轮梁和定滑轮；所述固定立板沿垂直方向设置在固定底板的一端，固定立板的上下两端设置有加载缸缸套，加载缸活塞杆固定有滑动板，所述滑动板沿垂直方向的底部设有滚珠，使滑动板能够在加载缸的推拉下沿水平横向自由滑动；固定立板的中部两侧分别设置有围包角定位梁和定滑轮梁，所述围包角定位梁沿水平横向设置有围包角定位孔，所述围包角定位轮设置在定位轮轴承座上，所述定位轮轴承座通过定位轮螺栓经围包角定位孔设置在围包角定位梁上，所述定滑轮梁沿水平横向的两侧板夹持设置有定滑轮，定滑轮梁沿水平纵向的前板设置有滑轮绳固定卡，滑动板的中部设置有动滑轮梁，所述动滑轮梁沿水平横向的侧板夹持设置有动滑轮Ⅰ和动滑轮Ⅱ；所述围包角定位轮、定滑轮、动滑轮Ⅰ、动滑轮Ⅱ和滑轮绳固定卡沿水平纵向以相同数量成排设置，数量等同于滑轮绳的根数，所述滑轮绳的根数多于钢丝绳的根数，围包角定位轮、定滑轮、动滑轮Ⅰ和动滑轮Ⅱ均设有绳槽，同排的定滑轮、动滑轮Ⅱ和动滑轮Ⅰ构成滑轮组。
所述的绳距定位装置包括滑轮绳定位卡、绳距定位板、绳距定位孔、定位销、定位夹具、钢丝绳卡和由平衡缸套和平衡缸活塞杆构成多个平衡缸；所述滑轮绳定位卡固定在绳距定位板的一侧，通过滑轮绳定位卡将滑轮绳与绳距定位板连接在一起，所述定位夹具的一端通过 定位销经绳距定位孔固定在绳距定位板的另一侧，定位夹具的另一端固有平衡缸缸套，所述平衡缸活塞杆顶端设置有钢丝绳卡，所有平衡缸的承压腔通过管路相互连通。
所述的绳距定位板沿竖直方向分200mm、250mm、300mm、350mm四种间距设置有四列绳距定位孔，并沿水平方向设置同样间距的另一组绳距定位孔，用于设置定位夹具。
所述的定位夹具的数量为四个或六个，取决于被测主轴装置的规格。
使用上述的滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置的测试方法，包括如下步骤：
(a)将固定立板沿垂直方向安装在固定底板的一端，加载缸缸套安装在固定立板的上下两端，将滚珠安装在滑动板沿垂直方向的底部，滑动板安装在加载缸活塞杆上，此时多加载缸共同推拉滑动板，使其能够沿水平横向自由滑动，将围包角定位梁和定滑轮梁安装在固定立板的中部，围包角定位轮安装在定位轮轴承座上，依据被测主轴装置的卷筒直径D、围包角α和卷筒轴心与导向轮轴心的垂直距离H，得出两液压加载装置之间的距离：
Figure PCTCN2019075871-appb-000001
据此选择相应位置的围包角定位孔，通过定位轮螺栓将定位轮轴承座固定在围包角定位梁上，依据被测立井提升机的负载测试要求，选择滑轮绳的数量，确定围包角定位轮、定滑轮、动滑轮Ⅰ和动滑轮Ⅱ的数量，滑轮绳的根数多于钢丝绳的根数，使同等负载测试下降低对滑轮绳、围包角定位轮、定滑轮、动滑轮Ⅰ和动滑轮Ⅱ的直径要求，在定滑轮梁沿水平横向的两侧板之间沿水平纵向夹持安装定滑轮，在定滑轮梁沿水平纵向的前板安装滑轮绳固定卡，滑动板的中部安装动滑轮梁，在动滑轮梁沿水平纵向的侧板夹持安装动滑轮Ⅰ和动滑轮Ⅱ，组装成两个滑轮组加载装置；
(b)将滑轮绳定位卡安装在绳距定位板一侧，依据被测主轴装置的钢丝绳根数和间距，通过定位销将与钢丝绳根数相同数量的定位夹具的一端经绳距定位孔固定在绳距定位板另一侧，定位夹具另一端固定平衡缸的平衡缸缸套，平衡缸活塞杆顶端安装钢丝绳卡，通过管路将所有平衡缸的承压腔连通，组装成两个绳距定位装置；
(c)在支撑基础的Ⅲ平台上沿水平纵向对称安装两个滑轮组加载装置，在支撑基础的Ⅰ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装被测立井提升机的主轴装置，轴承座沿水平横向骑跨安装在支撑基础的Ⅰ平台上，主轴装置的电动机、主轴、卷筒同轴安装，制动盘安装在卷筒外缘，将摩擦衬垫沿周向压在卷筒外壳上，制动闸支撑板沿水平横向骑跨安装在支撑基础的Ⅰ平台上且分布在主轴装置两侧，在制动闸支撑板上沿制动盘轮缘周向安装制动闸，使其在动作时能够夹持制动盘，从而制动主轴装置，在支撑基础的Ⅱ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装被测立井提升机的导向轮；
(d)将钢丝绳分别搭接到导向轮和摩擦衬垫的绳槽内，钢丝绳的两端头分别连接到两个绳距定位装置的钢丝绳卡上，将滑轮绳的一端安装在滑轮组加载装置的滑轮绳固定卡上，然后依次卷绕穿过动滑轮Ⅱ、定滑轮和动滑轮Ⅰ的绳槽，最终安装在滑轮绳定位卡上；
(e)调整加载缸油压，启动两侧的滑轮组加载装置，控制加载缸活塞杆加载压力，两滑轮组加载装置互为上升侧和下降侧负载，一侧滑轮组加载装置加载液压缸的总推力：
Figure PCTCN2019075871-appb-000002
式中：F 滑轮绳为该侧单根滑轮绳的张力，N 滑轮绳为该侧滑轮绳的根数，F 钢丝绳为该侧的单根钢丝绳的张力，N 钢丝绳为被测主轴装置钢丝绳的根数；
此时上升侧的加载缸活塞杆被压回，下降侧的加载缸活塞杆伸出，两侧的滑轮绳张紧，加载液压缸带动滑轮绳动作，滑轮绳通过绳距定位装置带动钢丝绳动作，承压腔连通的平衡缸使多根钢丝绳的张力相同，从而模拟被测主轴装置在多种工况下两侧钢丝绳负载；
(f)分别进行主轴装置承载性能的测试、摩擦衬垫防滑性能的测试、制动闸制动性能的测试，完成被测立井提升机的联调测试，从而对主轴装置承载性能、摩擦衬垫防滑性能、制动闸制动性能进行可靠的评估。
所述进行主轴装置承载性能的测试，主要包括裂纹检测和强度校核两方面，此时制动闸夹紧制动盘、关停电动机：
第一，当检测主轴装置是否有裂纹时，将声发射传感器安装在卷筒的筒壳、支环、加强筋、辐板以及主轴的铆接处等易于产生裂纹的位置，模拟主轴装置在空载和重载下卷筒的受力状态，调整滑轮组加载装置的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置对卷筒在围包角范围内进行加载，对比分析加载前后检测点的弹性应力波是否剧变，判断主轴装置相应位置是否存在裂纹；
第二，当检测主轴装置强度是否满足要求时，将声发射传感器安装在卷筒的筒壳、辐板以及主轴两端等易于产生弹性变形的位置，模拟主轴装置在卡罐、二次装载等极端工况下卷筒的受力状态，调整滑轮组加载装置的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置对卷筒在围包角范围内进行加载，对比分析加载前后检测点的弹性应力波变化是否超出允许阈值，判断主轴装置相应位置弹性变形是否超标，从而判断主轴装置的强度是否合格。
所述进行摩擦衬垫防滑性能的测试，主要包括静摩擦测试和动摩擦测试两方面：
第一，当进行静摩擦测试时，制动闸夹紧制动盘，关停电动机，模拟卷筒在超载、二次装载等极端工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置对卷筒在围包角范围内进行加载，利用微位移传感器检测此时钢丝绳与摩擦衬垫之间是否发生相对滑动，从而判断摩擦衬垫在静态下能否满足防滑要求；
第二，当进行动摩擦测试时，制动闸夹紧制动盘，关停电动机，模拟卷筒在重载工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置对卷筒在围包角范围内进行加载，启动电动机，打开制动闸，电动机控制卷筒以角加速度a 1启动和角减速度a 2停止，利用微位移传感器检测此时钢丝绳与摩擦衬垫之间的蠕动滑移 量在相应角加速度下是否在允许范围内，从而判断摩擦衬垫在动态下能否满足防滑要求。
所述进行制动闸制动性能的测试，主要包括静态制动测试和动态制动测试两方面：
第一，当进行静态制动测试时，制动闸夹紧制动盘，关停电动机，模拟卷筒在极端工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置对卷筒在围包角范围内进行加载，检测此时制动闸与制动盘之间是否发生相对滑动，从而判断制动闸在静态下能否有效制动主轴装置；
第二，当进行动态制动测试时，制动闸夹紧制动盘，关停电动机，模拟卷筒在重载工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置对卷筒在围包角范围内进行加载，启动电动机，打开制动闸，电动机控制卷筒以角加速度a 1启动并达到速度v，关闭电动机，启动制动闸，检测此时制动闸的空行程时间、制动减速度能否在允许范围内，从而判断制动系统在动态下能否有效制动主轴装置。
有益效果：由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明适用多种规格的立井提升机，针对立井提升缺乏联调测试装置的迫切需求，基于滑轮组驱动钢丝绳、液压缸驱动滑轮组的原理模拟卷筒两侧负载，采用多滑轮绳并联驱动的方式可以显著降低对滑轮绳的负载需求，进而在同等负载测试下减小滑轮直径，显著提高测试装置的经济性、实用性和可靠性，采用多液压缸推拉的方式可以减小单加载缸缸径，采用承压腔相互导通的平衡缸使被测的多根钢丝绳张力一致，采用相对的两围包角定位轮可以适用不同卷筒直径、围包角的主轴装置，采用绳距定位板适用不同钢丝绳根数、钢丝绳间距的主轴装置，从而适用多种规格的立井提升机；滑轮组配合液压加载既可以模拟空载、轻载、重载等正常工况，又可以模拟超载、二次重载等恶性极端工况，结合声发射传感器和微位移传感器对主轴装置承载性能、摩擦衬垫防滑性能、制动闸制动性能进行可靠的评估，结构简单，通用性强，可以对不同型号立井提升机在现场安装前进行联调测试，对主轴装置进行全状态加载测试，对于确保立井提升系统安全性具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明的装置结构示意图；
图2是本发明的滑轮组加载装置结构示意图；
图3是本发明的绳距定位装置结构示意图；
图4是本发明的钢丝绳绳距定位原理示意图；
图5是本发明装置的原理示意图。
图中：1—滑轮组加载装置，1-a—滚珠，1-b—滑动板，1-c—固定底板，1-d—加载缸活塞杆，1-e—加载缸缸套，1-f—固定立板，1-g—围包角定位梁，1-h—围包角定位孔，1-i—围包角定位轮，1-j—定位轮轴承座，1-k—定位轮螺栓，1-l—动滑轮Ⅰ，1-m—动滑轮梁，1-n—动滑轮Ⅱ，1-o—滑轮绳固定卡，1-p—定滑轮梁，1-q—定滑轮，2—滑轮绳，3—绳距定位装置，3-a—滑轮绳定位卡，3-b—绳距定位板，3-c—绳距定位孔，3-d—定位销，3-e—定位夹 具，3-f—平衡缸缸套，3-g—平衡缸活塞杆，3-h—钢丝绳卡，4—钢丝绳，5—制动闸，6—制动闸支撑板，7—电动机，8—主轴，9—轴承座，10—卷筒，11—摩擦衬垫，12—制动盘，13—导向轮，14—支撑基础。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述：
如图1所示，一种滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置，包括支撑基础14、滑轮组加载装置1、滑轮绳2和绳距定位装置3，所述的支撑基础14沿水平横向呈凹槽形，沿水平纵向呈台阶状，按不同高度构成Ⅰ平台、Ⅱ平台、Ⅲ平台；在支撑基础14的Ⅲ平台上沿水平纵向对称布置有两个滑轮组加载装置1；在支撑基础14的Ⅰ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装有由电动机7、轴承座9、主轴8、卷筒10、制动盘12、摩擦衬垫11、制动闸支撑板6、制动闸5构成的被测立井提升机的主轴装置；在支撑基础14的Ⅱ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装有被测立井提升机的导向轮13；所述滑轮绳2的一端固定在滑轮组加载装置1的滑轮绳固定卡1-o上，依次卷绕穿过动滑轮Ⅱ1-n、定滑轮1-q和动滑轮Ⅰ1-l，最终固定在绳距定位装置3的滑轮绳定位卡3-a上。
如图2所示，所述的滑轮组加载装置1包括滚珠1-a、滑动板1-b、固定底板1-c、加载缸活塞杆1-d、加载缸缸套1-e、固定立板1-f、围包角定位梁1-g、围包角定位孔1-h、围包角定位轮1-i、定位轮轴承座1-j、定位轮螺栓1-k、动滑轮Ⅰ1-l、动滑轮梁1-m、动滑轮Ⅱ1-n、滑轮绳固定卡1-o、定滑轮梁1-p和定滑轮1-q；所述固定立板1-f沿垂直方向设置在固定底板1-c的一端，固定立板1-f的上下两端设置有加载缸缸套1-e，加载缸活塞杆1-d固定有滑动板1-b，所述滑动板1-b沿垂直方向的底部设有滚珠1-a，使滑动板1-b能够在加载缸的推拉下沿水平横向自由滑动；固定立板1-f的中部两侧分别设置有围包角定位梁1-g和定滑轮梁1-p，所述围包角定位梁1-g沿水平横向设置有围包角定位孔1-h，所述围包角定位轮1-i设置在定位轮轴承座1-j上，所述定位轮轴承座1-j通过定位轮螺栓1-k经围包角定位孔1-h设置在围包角定位梁1-g上，所述定滑轮梁1-p沿水平横向的两侧板夹持设置有定滑轮1-q，定滑轮梁1-p沿水平纵向的前板设置有滑轮绳固定卡1-o，滑动板1-b的中部设置有动滑轮梁1-m，所述动滑轮梁1-m沿水平横向的侧板夹持设置有动滑轮Ⅰ1-l和动滑轮Ⅱ1-n；所述围包角定位轮1-i、定滑轮1-q、动滑轮Ⅰ1-l、动滑轮Ⅱ1-n和滑轮绳固定卡1-o沿水平纵向以相同数量成排设置，数量等同于滑轮绳2的根数，所述滑轮绳2的根数多于钢丝绳4的根数，围包角定位轮1-i、定滑轮1-q、动滑轮Ⅰ1-l和动滑轮Ⅱ1-n均设有绳槽，同排的定滑轮1-q、动滑轮Ⅱ1-n和动滑轮Ⅰ1-l构成滑轮组。
如图3所示，所述的绳距定位装置3包括滑轮绳定位卡3-a、绳距定位板3-b、绳距定位孔3-c、定位销3-d、定位夹具3-e、钢丝绳卡3-h和由平衡缸套3-f和平衡缸活塞杆3-g构成多个平衡缸；所述滑轮绳定位卡3-a固定在绳距定位板3-b的一侧，通过滑轮绳定位卡3-a将滑轮绳2与绳距定位板3-b连接在一起，所述定位夹具3-e的一端通过定位销3-d经绳距定位 孔3-c固定在绳距定位板3-b的另一侧，定位夹具3-e的另一端固有平衡缸缸套3-f，所述平衡缸活塞杆3-g顶端设置有钢丝绳卡3-h，所有平衡缸的承压腔通过管路相互连通。
如图4所示，所述的绳距定位板3-b沿竖直方向分200mm、250mm、300mm、350mm四种间距设置有四列绳距定位孔3-c，并沿水平方向设置同样间距的另一组绳距定位孔3-c，用于设置定位夹具3-e。所述的定位夹具3-e的数量为四个或六个，取决于被测主轴装置的规格。
一种滑轮组式立井提升联调测试方法，如图5所示，包括如下步骤：
(a)将固定立板1-f沿垂直方向安装在固定底板1-c的一端，加载缸缸套1-e安装在固定立板1-f的上下两端，将滚珠1-a安装在滑动板1-b沿垂直方向的底部，滑动板1-b安装在加载缸活塞杆1-d上，此时多加载缸共同推拉滑动板1-b，使其能够沿水平横向自由滑动，将围包角定位梁1-g和定滑轮梁1-p安装在固定立板1-f的中部，围包角定位轮1-i安装在定位轮轴承座1-j上，依据被测主轴装置的卷筒直径D、围包角α和卷筒轴心与导向轮轴心的垂直距离H，得出两液压加载装置2之间的距离
Figure PCTCN2019075871-appb-000003
，据此选择相应位置的围包角定位孔1-h，通过定位轮螺栓1-k将定位轮轴承座1-j固定在围包角定位梁1-g上，依据被测立井提升机的负载测试要求，选择合适数量的滑轮绳2，确定围包角定位轮1-i、定滑轮1-q、动滑轮Ⅰ1-l和动滑轮Ⅱ1-n的数量，滑轮绳2的根数多于钢丝绳4的根数，使同等负载测试下降低对滑轮绳2、围包角定位轮1-i、定滑轮1-q、动滑轮Ⅰ1-l和动滑轮Ⅱ1-n的直径要求，在定滑轮梁1-p沿水平横向的两侧板之间沿水平纵向夹持安装定滑轮1-q，在定滑轮梁1-p沿水平纵向的前板安装滑轮绳固定卡1-o，滑动板1-b的中部安装动滑轮梁1-m，在动滑轮梁1-m沿水平纵向的侧板夹持安装动滑轮Ⅰ1-l和动滑轮Ⅱ1-n，组装成两个滑轮组加载装置1；
(b)将滑轮绳定位卡3-a安装在绳距定位板3-b一侧，依据被测主轴装置的钢丝绳根数和间距，通过定位销3-d将与钢丝绳根数相同数量的定位夹具3-e的一端经绳距定位孔3-c固定在绳距定位板3-b另一侧，定位夹具3-e另一端固定有平衡缸缸套3-f，平衡缸活塞杆3-g顶端安装钢丝绳卡3-h，通过管路将平衡缸的承压腔连通，组装成两个绳距定位装置3；
(c)在支撑基础14Ⅲ平台上沿水平纵向对称安装两个滑轮组加载装置1，在支撑基础14Ⅰ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装被测立井提升机的主轴装置，轴承座9沿水平横向骑跨安装在支撑基础14Ⅰ平台上，电动机7、主轴8、卷筒10同轴安装，制动盘12安装在卷筒10外缘，将摩擦衬垫11沿周向压在卷筒10外壳上，制动闸支撑板6沿水平横向骑跨安装在支撑基础14Ⅰ平台上且分布在主轴装置两侧，在制动闸支撑板6上沿制动盘12轮缘周向安装制动闸5，使其在动作时能够夹持制动盘12，从而制动主轴装置，在支撑基础14Ⅱ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装有被测立井提升机的导向轮13；
(d)将钢丝绳4分别搭接到导向轮13和摩擦衬垫11的绳槽内，钢丝绳4的两端头分别 连接到两个绳距定位装置3的钢丝绳卡3-h上，滑轮绳2的一端安装在滑轮组加载装置1的滑轮绳固定卡1-o上，然后依次卷绕穿过动滑轮Ⅱ1-n、定滑轮1-q和动滑轮Ⅰ1-l的绳槽，最终安装在滑轮绳定位卡3-a上；
(e)调整加载缸油压，启动两侧的滑轮组加载装置1，控制加载缸活塞杆1-d加载压力，两滑轮组加载装置1互为上升侧和下降侧负载，一侧滑轮组加载装置1加载液压缸的总推力
Figure PCTCN2019075871-appb-000004
，其中，F 滑轮绳为该侧单根滑轮绳的张力，N 滑轮绳为该侧滑轮绳的根数，F 钢丝绳为该侧的单根钢丝绳的张力，N 钢丝绳为被测主轴装置钢丝绳的根数，此时上升侧的加载缸活塞杆1-d被压回，下降侧的加载缸活塞杆1-d伸出，两侧的滑轮绳2张紧，加载液压缸带动滑轮绳2动作，滑轮绳2通过绳距定位装置3带动钢丝绳4动作，承压腔连通的平衡缸使多根钢丝绳4的张力相同，从而模拟被测主轴装置在多种工况下两侧钢丝绳4负载；
(f)对主轴装置承载性能进行测试时，主要包括裂纹检测和强度校核两方面，此时制动闸5夹紧制动盘12、关停电动机7：第一，当检测主轴装置是否有裂纹时，将声发射传感器安装在卷筒10的筒壳、支环、加强筋、辐板以及主轴8的铆接处等易于产生裂纹的位置，模拟主轴装置在空载和重载下卷筒10的受力状态，调整滑轮组加载装置1的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置1对卷筒10在围包角范围内进行加载，对比分析加载前后检测点的弹性应力波是否剧变，判断主轴装置相应位置是否存在裂纹；第二，当检测主轴装置强度是否满足要求时，将声发射传感器安装在卷筒10的筒壳、辐板以及主轴8两端等易于产生弹性变形的位置，模拟主轴装置在卡罐、二次装载等极端工况下卷筒10的受力状态，调整滑轮组加载装置1的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置1对卷筒10在围包角范围内进行加载，对比分析加载前后检测点的弹性应力波变化是否超出允许阈值，判断主轴装置相应位置弹性变形是否超标，从而判断主轴装置的强度是否合格；
(g)对摩擦衬垫防滑性能进行测试时，主要包括静摩擦测试和动摩擦测试两方面：第一，当进行静摩擦测试时，制动闸5夹紧制动盘12，关停电动机7，模拟卷筒10在超载、二次装载等极端工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置1的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置1对卷筒10在围包角范围内进行加载，利用微位移传感器检测此时钢丝绳4与摩擦衬垫11之间是否发生相对滑动，从而判断摩擦衬垫在静态下能否满足防滑要求；第二，当进行动摩擦测试时，制动闸5夹紧制动盘12，关停电动机7，模拟卷筒10在重载工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置1的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置1对卷筒10在围包角范围内进行加载，启动电动机7，打开制动闸5，电动机7控制卷筒10以角加速度a 1启动和角减速度a 2停止，利用微位移传感器检测此时钢丝绳4与摩擦衬垫11之间的蠕动滑移量在相应角加速度下是否在允许范围内，从而判断摩擦衬垫11在 动态下能否满足防滑要求；
(h)对制动闸制动性能进行测试时，主要包括静态制动测试和动态制动测试两方面：第一，当进行静态制动测试时，制动闸5夹紧制动盘12，关停电动机7，模拟卷筒10在极端工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置1的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置1对卷筒10在围包角范围内进行加载，检测此时制动闸5与制动盘12之间是否发生相对滑动，从而判断制动闸5在静态下能否有效制动主轴装置；第二，当进行动态制动测试时，制动闸5夹紧制动盘12，关停电动机7，模拟卷筒10在重载工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置1的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置1对卷筒10在围包角范围内进行加载，，启动电动机7，打开制动闸6，电动机7控制卷筒10以角加速度a 1启动并达到速度v，关闭电动机7，启动制动闸6，检测此时制动闸的空行程时间、制动减速度能否在允许范围内，从而判断制动系统在动态下能否有效制动主轴装置；
(i)最终完成被测立井提升机的联调测试，对主轴装置承载性能、摩擦衬垫防滑性能、制动闸制动性能进行可靠的评估。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置，其特征在于：它包括支撑基础(14)、滑轮组加载装置(1)、滑轮绳(2)和绳距定位装置(3)，所述的支撑基础(14)沿水平横向呈凹槽形，沿水平纵向呈台阶状，按不同高度构成Ⅰ平台、Ⅱ平台、Ⅲ平台；在支撑基础(14)的Ⅲ平台上沿水平纵向对称布置有两个滑轮组加载装置(1)；在支撑基础(14)的Ⅰ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装有由电动机(7)、轴承座(9)、主轴(8)、卷筒(10)、制动盘(12)、摩擦衬垫(11)、制动闸支撑板(6)、制动闸(5)构成的被测立井提升机的主轴装置；在支撑基础(14)的Ⅱ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装有被测立井提升机的导向轮(13)；所述滑轮绳(2)的一端固定在滑轮组加载装置(1)的滑轮绳固定卡(1-o)上，依次卷绕穿过动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)、定滑轮(1-q)和动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)，最终固定在绳距定位装置(3)的滑轮绳定位卡(3-a)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置，其特征在于：所述的滑轮组加载装置(1)包括滚珠(1-a)、滑动板(1-b)、固定底板(1-c)、加载缸活塞杆(1-d)、加载缸缸套(1-e)、固定立板(1-f)、围包角定位梁(1-g)、围包角定位孔(1-h)、围包角定位轮(1-i)、定位轮轴承座(1-j)、定位轮螺栓(1-k)、动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)、动滑轮梁(1-m)、动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)、滑轮绳固定卡(1-o)、定滑轮梁(1-p)和定滑轮(1-q)；所述固定立板(1-f)沿垂直方向设置在固定底板(1-c)的一端，固定立板(1-f)的上下两端设置有加载缸缸套(1-e)，加载缸活塞杆(1-d)固定有滑动板(1-b)，所述滑动板(1-b)沿垂直方向的底部设有滚珠(1-a)，使滑动板(1-b)能够在加载缸的推拉下沿水平横向自由滑动；固定立板(1-f)的中部两侧分别设置有围包角定位梁(1-g)和定滑轮梁(1-p)，所述围包角定位梁(1-g)沿水平横向设置有围包角定位孔(1-h)，所述围包角定位轮(1-i)设置在定位轮轴承座(1-j)上，所述定位轮轴承座(1-j)通过定位轮螺栓(1-k)经围包角定位孔(1-h)设置在围包角定位梁(1-g)上，所述定滑轮梁(1-p)沿水平横向的两侧板夹持设置有定滑轮(1-q)，定滑轮梁(1-p)沿水平纵向的前板设置有滑轮绳固定卡(1-o)，滑动板(1-b)的中部设置有动滑轮梁(1-m)，所述动滑轮梁(1-m)沿水平横向的侧板夹持设置有动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)和动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)；所述围包角定位轮(1-i)、定滑轮(1-q)、动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)、动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)和滑轮绳固定卡(1-o)沿水平纵向以相同数量成排设置，数量等同于滑轮绳(2)的根数，所述滑轮绳(2)的根数多于钢丝绳(4)的根数，围包角定位轮(1-i)、定滑轮(1-q)、动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)和动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)均设有绳槽，同排的定滑轮(1-q)、动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)和动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)构成滑轮组。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置，其特征在于：所述的绳距定位装置(3)包括滑轮绳定位卡(3-a)、绳距定位板(3-b)、绳距定位孔(3-c)、定位销(3-d)、定位夹具(3-e)、钢丝绳卡(3-h)和由平衡缸套(3-f)和平衡缸活塞杆(3-g)构成多个平衡缸；所述滑轮绳定位卡(3-a)固定在绳距定位板(3-b)的一侧，通过滑轮绳定位卡(3-a)将滑轮绳(2)与绳距定位板(3-b)连接在一起，所述定位夹具(3-e)的一端通过定位销(3-d)经绳距定位孔(3-c)固定在绳距定位板(3-b)的另一侧，定位夹具(3-e)的另一端固有平衡缸缸套(3-f)，所述平衡缸活塞杆(3-g)顶端设置有钢丝绳卡(3-h)，所有平 衡缸的承压腔通过管路相互连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置，其特征在于：所述的绳距定位板(3-b)沿竖直方向分200mm、250mm、300mm、350mm四种间距设置有四列绳距定位孔(3-c)，并沿水平方向设置同样间距的另一组绳距定位孔(3-c)，用于设置定位夹具(3-e)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置，其特征在于：所述的定位夹具(3-e)的数量为四个或六个，取决于被测主轴装置的规格。
  6. 一种使用权利要求1、2或3所述的滑轮组式立井提升联调测试装置的测试方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    (a)将固定立板(1-f)沿垂直方向安装在固定底板(1-c)的一端，加载缸缸套(1-e)安装在固定立板(1-f)的上下两端，将滚珠(1-a)安装在滑动板(1-b)沿垂直方向的底部，滑动板(1-b)安装在加载缸活塞杆(1-d)上，此时多加载缸共同推拉滑动板(1-b)，使其能够沿水平横向自由滑动，将围包角定位梁(1-g)和定滑轮梁(1-p)安装在固定立板(1-f)的中部，围包角定位轮(1-i)安装在定位轮轴承座(1-j)上，依据被测主轴装置的卷筒直径D、围包角α和卷筒轴心与导向轮轴心的垂直距离H，得出两液压加载装置(2)之间的距离：
    Figure PCTCN2019075871-appb-100001
    据此选择相应位置的围包角定位孔(1-h)，通过定位轮螺栓(1-k)将定位轮轴承座(1-j)固定在围包角定位梁(1-g)上，依据被测立井提升机的负载测试要求，选择滑轮绳(2)的数量，确定围包角定位轮(1-i)、定滑轮(1-q)、动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)和动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)的数量，滑轮绳(2)的根数多于钢丝绳(4)的根数，使同等负载测试下降低对滑轮绳(2)、围包角定位轮(1-i)、定滑轮(1-q)、动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)和动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)的直径要求，在定滑轮梁(1-p)沿水平横向的两侧板之间沿水平纵向夹持安装定滑轮(1-q)，在定滑轮梁(1-p)沿水平纵向的前板安装滑轮绳固定卡(1-o)，滑动板(1-b)的中部安装动滑轮梁(1-m)，在动滑轮梁(1-m)沿水平纵向的侧板夹持安装动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)和动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)，组装成两个滑轮组加载装置(1)；
    (b)将滑轮绳定位卡(3-a)安装在绳距定位板(3-b)一侧，依据被测主轴装置的钢丝绳根数和间距，通过定位销(3-d)将与钢丝绳根数相同数量的定位夹具(3-e)的一端经绳距定位孔(3-c)固定在绳距定位板(3-b)另一侧，定位夹具(3-e)另一端固定平衡缸的平衡缸缸套(3-f)，平衡缸活塞杆(3-g)顶端安装钢丝绳卡(3-h)，通过管路将所有平衡缸的承压腔连通，组装成两个绳距定位装置(3)；
    (c)在支撑基础(14)的Ⅲ平台上沿水平纵向对称安装两个滑轮组加载装置(1)，在支撑基础(14)的Ⅰ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装被测立井提升机的主轴装置，轴承座(9)沿水 平横向骑跨安装在支撑基础(14)的Ⅰ平台上，主轴装置的电动机(7)、主轴(8)、卷筒(10)同轴安装，制动盘(12)安装在卷筒(10)外缘，将摩擦衬垫(11)沿周向压在卷筒(10)外壳上，制动闸支撑板(6)沿水平横向骑跨安装在支撑基础(14)的Ⅰ平台上且分布在主轴装置两侧，在制动闸支撑板(6)上沿制动盘(12)轮缘周向安装制动闸(5)，使其在动作时能够夹持制动盘(12)，从而制动主轴装置，在支撑基础(14)的Ⅱ平台上沿水平横向骑跨安装被测立井提升机的导向轮(13)；
    (d)将钢丝绳(4)分别搭接到导向轮(13)和摩擦衬垫(11)的绳槽内，钢丝绳(4)的两端头分别连接到两个绳距定位装置(3)的钢丝绳卡(3-h)上，将滑轮绳(2)的一端安装在滑轮组加载装置(1)的滑轮绳固定卡(1-o)上，然后依次卷绕穿过动滑轮Ⅱ(1-n)、定滑轮(1-q)和动滑轮Ⅰ(1-l)的绳槽，最终安装在滑轮绳定位卡(3-a)上；
    (e)调整加载缸油压，启动两侧的滑轮组加载装置(1)，控制加载缸活塞杆(1-d)加载压力，两滑轮组加载装置(1)互为上升侧和下降侧负载，一侧滑轮组加载装置(1)加载液压缸的总推力：
    Figure PCTCN2019075871-appb-100002
    式中：F 滑轮绳为该侧单根滑轮绳的张力，N 滑轮绳为该侧滑轮绳的根数，F 钢丝绳为该侧的单根钢丝绳的张力，N 钢丝绳为被测主轴装置钢丝绳的根数；
    此时上升侧的加载缸活塞杆(1-d)被压回，下降侧的加载缸活塞杆(1-d)伸出，两侧的滑轮绳(2)张紧，加载液压缸带动滑轮绳(2)动作，滑轮绳(2)通过绳距定位装置(3)带动钢丝绳(4)动作，承压腔连通的平衡缸使多根钢丝绳(4)的张力相同，从而模拟被测主轴装置在多种工况下两侧钢丝绳(4)负载；
    (f)分别进行主轴装置承载性能的测试、摩擦衬垫防滑性能的测试、制动闸制动性能的测试，完成被测立井提升机的联调测试，从而对主轴装置承载性能、摩擦衬垫防滑性能、制动闸制动性能进行可靠的评估。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的测试方法，其特征在于：所述进行主轴装置承载性能的测试，主要包括裂纹检测和强度校核两方面，此时制动闸(5)夹紧制动盘(12)、关停电动机(7)：
    第一，当检测主轴装置是否有裂纹时，将声发射传感器安装在卷筒(10)的筒壳、支环、加强筋、辐板以及主轴(8)的铆接处等易于产生裂纹的位置，模拟主轴装置在空载和重载下卷筒(10)的受力状态，调整滑轮组加载装置(1)的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置(1)对卷筒(10)在围包角范围内进行加载，对比分析加载前后检测点的弹性应力波是否剧变，判断主轴装置相应位置是否存在裂纹；
    第二，当检测主轴装置强度是否满足要求时，将声发射传感器安装在卷筒(10)的筒壳、辐板以及主轴(8)两端等易于产生弹性变形的位置，模拟主轴装置在卡罐、二次装载等极端 工况下卷筒(10)的受力状态，调整滑轮组加载装置(1)的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置(1)对卷筒(10)在围包角范围内进行加载，对比分析加载前后检测点的弹性应力波变化是否超出允许阈值，判断主轴装置相应位置弹性变形是否超标，从而判断主轴装置的强度是否合格。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的测试方法，其特征在于：所述进行摩擦衬垫防滑性能的测试，主要包括静摩擦测试和动摩擦测试两方面：
    第一，当进行静摩擦测试时，制动闸(5)夹紧制动盘(12)，关停电动机(7)，模拟卷筒(10)在超载、二次装载等极端工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置(1)的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置(1)对卷筒(10)在围包角范围内进行加载，利用微位移传感器检测此时钢丝绳(4)与摩擦衬垫(11)之间是否发生相对滑动，从而判断摩擦衬垫在静态下能否满足防滑要求；
    第二，当进行动摩擦测试时，制动闸(5)夹紧制动盘(12)，关停电动机(7)，模拟卷筒(10)在重载工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置(1)的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置(1)对卷筒(10)在围包角范围内进行加载，启动电动机(7)，打开制动闸(5)，电动机(7)控制卷筒(10)以角加速度a 1启动和角减速度a 2停止，利用微位移传感器检测此时钢丝绳(4)与摩擦衬垫(11)之间的蠕动滑移量在相应角加速度下是否在允许范围内，从而判断摩擦衬垫(11)在动态下能否满足防滑要求。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的测试方法，其特征在于：所述进行制动闸制动性能的测试，主要包括静态制动测试和动态制动测试两方面：
    第一，当进行静态制动测试时，制动闸(5)夹紧制动盘(12)，关停电动机(7)，模拟卷筒(10)在极端工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置(1)的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置(1)对卷筒(10)在围包角范围内进行加载，检测此时制动闸(5)与制动盘(12)之间是否发生相对滑动，从而判断制动闸(5)在静态下能否有效制动主轴装置；
    第二，当进行动态制动测试时，制动闸(5)夹紧制动盘(12)，关停电动机(7)，模拟卷筒(10)在重载工况下的两侧钢丝绳张力差，调整滑轮组加载装置(1)的加载缸油压，启动加载液压缸，利用液压加载装置(1)对卷筒(10)在围包角范围内进行加载，启动电动机(7)，打开制动闸(6)，电动机(7)控制卷筒(10)以角加速度a 1启动并达到速度v，关闭电动机(7)，启动制动闸(6)，检测此时制动闸的空行程时间、制动减速度能否在允许范围内，从而判断制动系统在动态下能否有效制动主轴装置。
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