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WO2020043306A1 - Inertie synthétique fournie sur la base d'une machine synchrone - Google Patents

Inertie synthétique fournie sur la base d'une machine synchrone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020043306A1
WO2020043306A1 PCT/EP2018/073469 EP2018073469W WO2020043306A1 WO 2020043306 A1 WO2020043306 A1 WO 2020043306A1 EP 2018073469 W EP2018073469 W EP 2018073469W WO 2020043306 A1 WO2020043306 A1 WO 2020043306A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
energy source
synchronous machine
power grid
grid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/073469
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ritwik MAJUMDER
Nicklas Johansson
Bertil Berggren
Original Assignee
Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Schweiz Ag filed Critical Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority to GB2100987.3A priority Critical patent/GB2590271B/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/073469 priority patent/WO2020043306A1/fr
Publication of WO2020043306A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020043306A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an electrical device configured for providing synthetic inertia to a power grid.
  • ROCOF rate of change of frequency
  • synthetic inertia also called virtual inertia
  • synthetic inertia is used for power injections into the grid made under power electronic control to emulate inertia of a synchronous machine or any rotating machines.
  • BESS battery energy storage system
  • a difference between a true inertia (TI) from a synchronous machine and the synthetic inertia (SI) from a BESS (operating on PLL based current control) is that the machine injects the active power from the kinetic energy based on physics while BESS injects active power based on a control scheme that uses measured frequency in the grid by means of power electronics (typically a converter).
  • power electronics typically a converter
  • the time/phase lags mean that although the power response may be‘useful’ in terms of dealing with frequency nadir, the phase of the response can be quite different to the 90 degree phase advance that TI possesses (DR response to df/dt). If the delays are too long, then the SI will provide no mitigation of the initial ROCOF during an event.
  • the output power modulation provided by the SI can operate in complete anti-phase to the rotor swings of real synchronous power generation module (SPGM) and virtual synchronous machine (VSM), encouraging classical sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) rotor oscillations, and thereby degrading network stability.
  • SPGM real synchronous power generation module
  • VSM virtual synchronous machine
  • PLL Phase-Locked Loop
  • a synchronous condenser can be used to add inertia to a power grid and thus stabilizing the frequency thereof.
  • SC synchronous condenser
  • An SC is a DC-excited synchronous motor, whose shaft spins freely. Its purpose is typically to adjust conditions on the electric power transmission grid and not to convert electric power to mechanical power or vice versa.
  • an energy source e.g. a BESS
  • a BESS is configured for providing synthetic inertia to a power grid based on a measured property of a synchronous machine, e.g. an SC, which is connected to the same grid.
  • the property may e.g. be the rotational speed (e.g. in rounds per minute, rpm) of the rotating mass of the synchronous machine, or some other property from which the rotational speed may be deduced, e.g. the power output of the synchronous machine.
  • the PLL dynamics problem in synthetic inertia emulation may be overcome.
  • an electrical device comprising a synchronous machine having a rotatable mass and configured for being connected to an AC power grid, and an energy source comprising a power electronics interface and configured for providing synthetic inertia to the power grid.
  • the energy source is configured for providing the synthetic inertia based on a measured property of the synchronous machine.
  • a method of stabilizing an AC power grid by providing synthetic inertia to said power grid. The method comprises measuring a property of a synchronous machine connected to the power grid and having a rotating mass with a rotational speed dependent on the frequency of the power grid.
  • the method also comprises, by means of an energy source connected to the power grid via a power electronics interface, providing synthetic inertia to the power grid based on the measured property.
  • a computer program product comprising computer-executable components for causing an electrical device to perform an embodiment of the method of the present disclosure when the computer-executable components are run on processing circuitry comprised in the device.
  • an electrical power system comprising an embodiment of the electrical device of the present disclosure and the AC power grid.
  • the energy source may provide synthetic inertia to counteract a frequency disturbance in the grid without directly measuring the grid frequency, thus allowing a more accurate provision of synthetic inertia.
  • the energy source operating based on the same frequency as the synchronous machine, there is a lower risk of interaction between the synchronous machine and the energy source, thus reducing any circulating current there between.
  • Fig l is a schematic circuit diagram of an electrical power system comprising a synchronous machine and an energy source, both connected in parallel to a power grid, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method of stabilizing an AC power grid by providing synthetic inertia to said power grid, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig 3 is a schematic block diagram of a controller in an electrical device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure l illustrates an embodiment of an electrical power system l comprising an AC grid 3 and an electrical device 2 connected to said grid 3.
  • the electrical device 2 comprises a synchronous machine 4, connected to the grid 3 and having a rotatable mass.
  • the synchronous machine may be of any type, and thus comprising a rotating mass, but it may be preferred in some embodiments of the invention to use a synchronous condenser since its shaft is typically less complex and can thus more easily be used in the device 2.
  • the electrical device also comprises an energy source 5, also connected to the grid 3, in parallel with the synchronous machine 4.
  • the energy source 5 comprises a power electronics interface 7 and is configured for providing synthetic inertia to the power grid 3, typically by controlled injections of active power by means of the power electronics interface 7.
  • the power electronics interface 7 is typically a power converter, e.g. an inverter, with valves comprising semiconductor switches for controlling the output and/or input of the energy source.
  • the energy source 5 may be of any suitable type, e.g. comprising a BESS, flywheel or renewable energy source, e.g. comprising a wind power or solar energy generator, or a combination thereof. In some currently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the energy source 5 comprises a BESS.
  • the energy source 5 is configured for providing the synthetic inertia based on a measured property 6 of the synchronous machine 4, as schematically illustrated by the dotted arrow in figure 1.
  • the property 6 is dependent on the frequency of the grid 3, since the machine 4 is a synchronous machine and connected to said grid.
  • the property 6 may e.g. be or include the rotational speed of the rotating mass of the machine 4, or be a property from which said rotational speed may be derived or which is otherwise dependent on said rotational speed, e.g. the power output of the machine.
  • the energy source 5 may provide synthetic inertia to counteract a frequency disturbance in the grid 3 without directly measuring the grid frequency, thus avoiding the unpredictable PLL dynamics (changes with the grid inertia) in frequency measurement and so allowing a smoother frequency control.
  • the energy source 5 operating based on the same frequency as the synchronous machine 4, there is a lower risk of interaction between the synchronous machine and the energy source, thus reducing any circulating current there between.
  • the synchronous machine 4 and the energy source 5 act as a hybrid device where the emulation of synthetic inertia from the energy source is based on the property of the machine. This may require an additional sensor to measure e.g. the machine speed. Also, the impact of PLL frequency measurement error may be removed from the control of the energy source the hybrid device may be regarded as boosting the inertia of the synchronous machine 4 by means of the energy source 5. Synthetic Inertia from the Energy Source
  • the mechanical power can at the first instant be considered constant.
  • the power imbalance is thus only in electrical power, which can be written
  • the gain of the power controller for emulating synthetic inertia may be related as
  • the synthetic inertia from the energy source e.g. a BESS
  • the synthetic inertia from the energy source is not limited to the physical design as for the synchronous machine. Instead, a limitation may come from the current limit. Within the current limit, just changing the controller gain would result in different synthetic inertia.
  • the synthetic inertia implementation may be done with frequency control and power control loops. It is noted that to check the inertial response of the energy source, the other control loops may be deactivated, with only the inertial response control path activated.
  • the machine 4 speed is used for the inertial control loop in the energy source 5.
  • the actual implementation of the power reference generation may be done in various ways e.g. with or without dead band, with or without low pass filter etc.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating embodiments of the method of the present disclosure.
  • the method is for stabilizing an AC power grid 3 by providing synthetic inertia to said power grid.
  • the method comprises measuring Ml a property 6 of a synchronous machine 4 connected to the power grid 3 and having a rotating mass with a rotational speed dependent on the frequency of the power grid.
  • synthetic inertia is provided M2 to the power grid based on the measured Mi property.
  • any measured Ml property 6 from any type of rotating machine, synchronous machine, 4 may be used for providing M2 the synthetic inertia.
  • the synthetic inertia is provided by means of the power electronics interface 7 based on a signal from another power electronics interface (e.g. power converter) who’s operation is in its turn based on the measured Ml property.
  • another power electronics interface e.g. power converter
  • the electrical device 2 comprises at least one further synchronous machine, in addition to the synchronous machine 4 discussed herein.
  • the energy source 5 may then be configured for providing the synthetic inertia based on the measured property 6 alternately from either of the synchronous machine 4 and the at least one further synchronous machine, or from both of said machines.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a controller 30 in an embodiment of the electrical device 2 discussed herein.
  • the controller 30 comprises processing circuitry 31 e.g. a central processing unit (CPU).
  • the processing circuitry 31 may comprise one or a plurality of processing units in the form of microprocessor(s). However, other suitable devices with computing capabilities could be comprised in the processing circuitry 31, e.g. an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or a complex programmable logic device (CPLD).
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • CPLD complex programmable logic device
  • the processing circuitry 31 is configured to run one or several computer program(s) or software (SW) 33 stored in a data storage 32 of one or several storage unit(s) e.g. a memory.
  • the storage unit is regarded as a computer readable means as discussed herein and may e.g. be in the form of a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash memory or other solid state memory, or a hard disk, or in the processing circuitry itself (as e.g. in case of an FPGA), or be a combination thereof.
  • the processing circuitry 31 may also be configured to store data in the storage 32, as needed.
  • Embodiments of the method of the present invention may be performed by the controller 30 of the device 2 comprised in the system 1, which controller 30 comprises processing circuitry 31 associated with data storage 32.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may be conveniently implemented using one or more conventional general purpose or specialized digital computer, computing device, machine, or microprocessor, including one or more processors 31, memory and/or other computer readable storage media 32 programmed according to the teachings of the present disclosure.
  • the present invention includes a computer program product 32 which is a non-transitory storage medium or computer readable medium (media) having instructions 33 stored thereon/in, in the form of computer-executable components or software (SW), which can be used to program a computer to perform any of the methods/processes of the present invention.
  • the storage medium can include, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical discs, DVD, CD-ROMs, microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, DRAMs, VRAMs, flash memory devices, magnetic or optical cards,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif électrique 2 comprenant une machine synchrone 4 possédant une masse tournante et configurée pour être connectée à un réseau électrique à CA 3, et une source d'énergie 5 comprenant une interface d'électronique de puissance 7 et configurée pour fournir une inertie synthétique au réseau électrique. La source d'énergie est configurée pour fournir l'inertie synthétique sur la base d'une propriété mesurée 6 de la machine synchrone.
PCT/EP2018/073469 2018-08-31 2018-08-31 Inertie synthétique fournie sur la base d'une machine synchrone WO2020043306A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2100987.3A GB2590271B (en) 2018-08-31 2018-08-31 Synthetic inertia provided based on synchronous machine
PCT/EP2018/073469 WO2020043306A1 (fr) 2018-08-31 2018-08-31 Inertie synthétique fournie sur la base d'une machine synchrone

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2018/073469 WO2020043306A1 (fr) 2018-08-31 2018-08-31 Inertie synthétique fournie sur la base d'une machine synchrone

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WO2020043306A1 true WO2020043306A1 (fr) 2020-03-05

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11456645B2 (en) 2020-12-10 2022-09-27 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. System and method for operating an asynchronous inverter-based resource as a virtual synchronous machine with storage
CN115549169A (zh) * 2022-09-28 2022-12-30 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 一种异步互联的柔性直流虚拟惯量控制方法、装置及系统
FR3129541A1 (fr) 2021-11-24 2023-05-26 Albioma Dispositif de fourniture d’électricité du type à dispositif d’électronique de puissance adapté à contribuer à l’inertie d’un système électrique
US11671039B2 (en) 2020-12-10 2023-06-06 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. System and method for operating an asynchronous inverter-based resource as a virtual synchronous machine to provide grid-forming control thereof
FR3137805A1 (fr) 2022-07-11 2024-01-12 Albioma Dispositif de fourniture d’électricité adapté à maintenir l’inertie d’un système électrique
US12081162B2 (en) 2022-08-25 2024-09-03 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. System and method for operating a renewable energy source in grid-forming mode (GFM) as a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) with damper winding emulation

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US20110285130A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2011-11-24 Jan Thisted Power System Frequency Inertia for Wind Turbines
WO2018072843A1 (fr) * 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 Abb Schweiz Ag Procédé de fourniture d'un support d'alimentation à un réseau électrique maillé

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US20110285130A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2011-11-24 Jan Thisted Power System Frequency Inertia for Wind Turbines
WO2018072843A1 (fr) * 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 Abb Schweiz Ag Procédé de fourniture d'un support d'alimentation à un réseau électrique maillé

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11456645B2 (en) 2020-12-10 2022-09-27 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. System and method for operating an asynchronous inverter-based resource as a virtual synchronous machine with storage
US11671039B2 (en) 2020-12-10 2023-06-06 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. System and method for operating an asynchronous inverter-based resource as a virtual synchronous machine to provide grid-forming control thereof
FR3129541A1 (fr) 2021-11-24 2023-05-26 Albioma Dispositif de fourniture d’électricité du type à dispositif d’électronique de puissance adapté à contribuer à l’inertie d’un système électrique
FR3137805A1 (fr) 2022-07-11 2024-01-12 Albioma Dispositif de fourniture d’électricité adapté à maintenir l’inertie d’un système électrique
US12081162B2 (en) 2022-08-25 2024-09-03 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. System and method for operating a renewable energy source in grid-forming mode (GFM) as a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) with damper winding emulation
CN115549169A (zh) * 2022-09-28 2022-12-30 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 一种异步互联的柔性直流虚拟惯量控制方法、装置及系统
CN115549169B (zh) * 2022-09-28 2024-05-24 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 一种异步互联的柔性直流虚拟惯量控制方法、装置及系统

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Publication number Publication date
GB2590271B (en) 2022-07-20
GB202100987D0 (en) 2021-03-10
GB2590271A (en) 2021-06-23

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