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WO2020019675A1 - 吸波透波一体化装置及天线罩 - Google Patents

吸波透波一体化装置及天线罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020019675A1
WO2020019675A1 PCT/CN2018/125126 CN2018125126W WO2020019675A1 WO 2020019675 A1 WO2020019675 A1 WO 2020019675A1 CN 2018125126 W CN2018125126 W CN 2018125126W WO 2020019675 A1 WO2020019675 A1 WO 2020019675A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wave
ring
metal
absorbing
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/125126
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘若鹏
赵治亚
陈康强
李肃成
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kuang Chi Cutting Edge Technology Ltd
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Kuang Chi Cutting Edge Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201821205561.5U external-priority patent/CN209071603U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810842877.3A external-priority patent/CN110768009B/zh
Application filed by Kuang Chi Cutting Edge Technology Ltd filed Critical Kuang Chi Cutting Edge Technology Ltd
Priority to JP2021503751A priority Critical patent/JP7089634B2/ja
Priority to EP18927239.6A priority patent/EP3813194B1/en
Publication of WO2020019675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020019675A1/zh
Priority to US17/157,206 priority patent/US11417950B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of communication technology, and more particularly, to an integrated wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting device and a radome.
  • Metal narrow bands are used to make capacitors and inductors on metal strips loaded with lumped resistance, so that this LC circuit can localize energy at a specific frequency. In the LC circuit, the resistance is isolated to achieve the effect of wave transmission.
  • This structure can realize the integration of the absorbing and transmitting functions, but because the size of the capacitor inductor made of metal narrowband is extremely small, it has high requirements for processing. At the same time, the capacitance and inductance will change after the incident angle changes, which will cause the resonance of the loop to change and affect the performance of the absorption and transmission.
  • the present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a kind of solution capable of solving the above problems.
  • the present invention proposes an integrated absorbing and transparent absorbing and transmitting wave in a high-angle L-band and Ku-band high absorption in a wide angle range Structure and a radome including the structure.
  • an integrated wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting device comprising: a wave-transmitting structure including a first substrate and a metal patch unit on an opposite surface of the first substrate; and a wave-absorbing structure Body, which is disposed on the wave-transmitting structure and includes a first wave absorbing unit and a second wave absorbing unit which are perpendicular to each other, and each of the first wave absorbing unit or the second wave absorbing unit includes: a second substrate A plurality of metal sections and a plurality of stop bands are all located on the surface of the second substrate; wherein the plurality of metal sections and the plurality of stop bands are connected as absorption rings in an alternating manner, and The metal patch unit is disposed perpendicular to both the absorption ring of the first absorption unit and the absorption ring of the second absorption unit.
  • the plurality of stop bands include the same first and second stop bands; and the plurality of metal sections include a first metal section and a second metal section, wherein the first metal Section, the first metal section, the first stopband and the second stopband are connected together as an absorption ring, wherein the first stopband is located at a first end of the first metal section And the first end of the second metal section and the second stop band is located between the second end of the first metal section and the second end of the second metal section.
  • the first metal section and the second metal section include a semi-circular ring and parallel metal sections extending at both ends of the semi-circular ring.
  • the metal patch unit includes a metal solid patch or a metal ring patch.
  • a length of a center line of the metal ring patch is an integer multiple of a wavelength corresponding to a resonance frequency of the metal patch unit.
  • the metal ring patch further includes a concentric inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring is located on a first surface of the first substrate, and the outer ring is located on a second surface of the first substrate , Wherein the first surface is opposite to the second surface and the centerline length of the metal ring patch is an average of the length of the inner ring and the length of the outer ring.
  • the wave-transmitting structure further includes: a first dielectric layer on the first surface of the first substrate and covering the inner ring; and a second dielectric layer on the second surface of the first substrate On the surface and covering the outer ring.
  • the inner ring and the outer ring are a square ring, a rectangular ring, a circular ring or a hexagonal ring.
  • the stop band further includes an inductor and / or a capacitor.
  • a radome is provided, and the radome includes the integrated wave absorbing and transmitting device according to any one of the above.
  • the invention uses a cascade of a three-dimensional metamaterial and a simple two-dimensional frequency selective surface, and has a simple structure.
  • the integrated wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting device according to the embodiment of the present invention can achieve a high transmittance in the L-band and a high absorbance in the Ku-band in a wide angle range.
  • the integrated wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting device can be used as a protective cover for communication antennas, radars, and other devices, and can absorb in a wide frequency range and an angular range on the premise of ensuring normal operation of the antenna, thereby ensuring a good antenna working environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of an absorption ring of a wave absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of an inner ring and an outer ring of a wave-transmitting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 3A and 3B are a front view and a side view of an example of a wave absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of an example of a wave-transmitting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an integrated wave absorbing and transmitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a parallel polarization transmission curve diagram of an integrated absorbing and transmissive device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a parallel polarization reflection curve diagram of an integrated absorbing and transmissive device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a parallel polarization absorption curve diagram of an integrated absorbing and transmissive device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical polarization transmission curve diagram of an integrated absorbing and transmissive device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a vertical polarization reflection curve diagram of an integrated absorbing and transmissive device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a vertical polarization absorption curve diagram of an integrated wave absorbing and transmitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an integrated device for absorbing and transmitting the wave is realized by designing the absorbing structure and the transmitting structure separately and then cascading.
  • the currently adopted method is to superimpose the incident wave with the incident wave after the resonance transmission of the wave-transmitting structure in the absorption band, and set a resistor to absorb the electromagnetic wave at the position where the electric field strength is strong after the superposition. Therefore, the wave-transmitting structure needs to achieve high-transmittance in the low-frequency L-band and high cut-off in the Ku-band.
  • the absorbing structure needs to be provided with a resistor at a position where the electric field strength is strong after the incident wave and reflected wave in the Ku-band are superimposed, and has a high transmitted wave in the L-band.
  • the L band refers to a radio wave band having a frequency of 1-2 GHz
  • the Ku band is a frequency band from 12.75-18.1 GHz.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of an absorption ring of a wave absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of an inner ring and an outer ring of a wave-transmitting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3A and 3B are a front view and a side view of an example of a wave absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of an example of a wave-transmitting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an integrated wave absorbing and transmitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the integrated wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting device will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • an integrated wave absorbing and transmitting device 500 includes a wave transmitting structure 508 including a first substrate and a metal patch unit located on opposite surfaces of the substrate; and a wave absorbing structure 510.
  • a wave transmitting structure 508 including a first substrate and a metal patch unit located on opposite surfaces of the substrate; and a wave absorbing structure 510.
  • each of the first absorbing unit 512 or the second absorbing unit 514 includes: a second substrate; A plurality of metal sections on the surface of the second substrate; and a plurality of stop bands on the surface of the second substrate at positions where the superposition of the reflected wave and the incident wave generated by the incident wave at the transparent structure is enhanced,
  • a plurality of stop bands may be disposed on or near vertical orthogonal lines perpendicular to each other of the first absorbing unit 512 and the second absorbing unit 514, wherein a plurality of metal sections and a plurality of stop bands They are connected as absorbing
  • the wave-transmitting structure has a high transmission rate in the L-band and the wave-absorbing structure has a high absorption rate in the Ku-band. Therefore, the cascaded wave-transmitting structure and the wave-absorbing structure of the wave-absorbing structure
  • the integrated wave device can achieve high transmission in the L-band and high absorption in the Ku-band, thereby improving the working environment of radio equipment.
  • a wave absorbing structure 510 is disposed on the wave permeable structure 508 and includes a first wave absorbing unit 512 and a second wave absorbing unit 514, a first wave absorbing unit 512 and a second wave absorbing body which are perpendicular to each other.
  • the unit 514 is the same wave absorbing unit 300.
  • the wave absorbing unit 300 includes: a second substrate 302; a plurality of metal sections on the surface of the second substrate 302; and a plurality of stop bands on the surface of the second substrate 302.
  • multiple stop bands may be disposed on vertical orthogonal lines or perpendicular orthogonal to the first and second absorbing units 512 and 514.
  • a plurality of metal sections and a plurality of stop bands are connected in an alternating manner (for example, metal section-stop band-metal section-stop band) as an absorption loop 304 as a loop circuit of the absorbing unit 300
  • the metal patch unit is arranged perpendicular to the absorption ring of the first absorption unit and the absorption ring of the second absorption unit.
  • the plurality of stop bands include the same first stop band R1 and the second stop band R2; and the plurality of metal sections include a first metal section 116 and a second metal section. 118, wherein the first metal section 116, the first metal section 118, the first stop band R1, and the second stop band R2 are connected as an absorption ring 100, wherein the first stop band R1 is located in the first metal section 116 The first end and the first end of the second metal section 118 (which belong to the same side as the first end of the first metal section) and the second stop band R1 is located between the second end of the first metal section 116 and the first end Between the second ends of the two metal sections 118 (which belong to the same side as the second ends of the first metal sections).
  • the first metal section 116 and the second metal section 118 each include a semi-circular ring and parallel metal sections extending at both ends of the semi-circular ring, wherein the first metal section 116 and the second metal section 118 together form a runway shape of a sports field, that is, the ends of two parallel lines on the same side are connected to a semi-circle.
  • the first metal section 116 includes a semi-circular ring 102 and parallel metal sections 106 and 110 extending at both ends of the semi-circular ring; and the second metal section 118 includes A semi-circular ring 104 and parallel metal sections 108 and 112 extending at both ends of the semi-circular ring.
  • the absorbing ring may also be a polygonal ring such as a square ring, a rectangular ring, a hexagonal ring, etc., and accordingly includes a larger number of metal sections and stop bands, for example, including four metal sections and stop bands. Band or six metal sections and stop bands etc.
  • the stop band includes a resistor, wherein the resistor is used to absorb constructive interference electromagnetic waves generated by superposition of a reflected wave and an incident wave.
  • the resistor is disposed at a symmetrical position in the absorption ring, for example, on parallel opposite sides of a polygon, so that the reflected wave at the symmetrical resistor is compared with the asymmetric resistor. Superimposed with incident waves to generate stronger electromagnetic waves.
  • the absorption ring converts the energy of the absorbed electromagnetic wave into the internal energy of the resistor.
  • the stop band may further include an inductor and a capacitor.
  • the wave-transmitting structure 508 includes a first substrate and a metal patch unit on an opposite surface of the substrate.
  • the metal patch unit includes a metal solid patch or a metal ring patch.
  • the length of the center line of the metal ring patch is an integer multiple of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency of the metal patch unit.
  • the metal ring patch 200 further includes a concentric inner ring 204 and an outer ring 202.
  • the inner ring 204 is located on the first surface of the first substrate.
  • the outer ring 202 is located on the second surface of the first substrate.
  • the wave transmitting portion 508 further includes: a first dielectric layer 504 on the first surface of the first substrate 502 and covering the inner ring 204; and a second dielectric layer 506 on the second surface of the first substrate 502. And cover the outer ring 202.
  • the inner ring 204 and the outer ring 202 are a square ring, a rectangular ring, a circular ring, a hexagonal ring, or other polygonal rings.
  • the inner ring 204 and the outer ring 202 are disposed concentrically, so that interference of electromagnetic waves can be reduced.
  • the hexagonal ring can also make the electromagnetic wave more uniform.
  • the wave-transmitting structure requires the characteristics of high transmission in the L-band and high cut-off in the Ku-band, so it can be considered to use a frequency selective surface (FSS) for implementation.
  • FSS frequency selective surface
  • the length of the centerline of a simple metal ring patch unit that is, the average value of the lengths of its inner and outer rings and the corresponding wavelength of the unit's resonance frequency point is an integer multiple, which can make the corresponding wavelength of its first-order resonance close to the length of the centerline , Can better control the resonance frequency point. Therefore, the technical solution of the present invention uses a metal ring patch unit to realize a wave-transmitting structure.
  • the absorbing structure requires characteristics of low-frequency and high-transmittance, and high absorption in the Ku band.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention adopts a wave absorbing method in which the electromagnetic wave is reflected at the frequency where absorption is required to be absorbed at a frequency point where absorption is required, and a three-dimensional and three-dimensional wave absorbing structure is adopted. Design the resistors at the positions where the incident and reflected electric fields of the two stop bands of the body are superimposed and strengthened.
  • the semi-metallic ring and extended metal structure are used to connect two sets of resistors in the incident direction to form a loop, which converts energy into the internal resistance. It can achieve the purpose of absorption, and can meet the needs of the entire Ku-band absorption.
  • the thickness of the metal portion is 20 ⁇ m, and metals such as copper, silver, and gold can be used.
  • the two metal square rings are placed at positions P1 and P2, respectively.
  • the combined structure is shown in Figure 5.
  • the simulation results are shown in Figure 6 to Figure 11.
  • the average value of the statistical simulation results (for example, at 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, and 60 °) is shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the purpose of high transmission in the L-band and high absorption in the Ku-band has been achieved.
  • Figures 6 to 11 show the parallel polarization transmission curve, parallel polarization reflection curve, parallel polarization absorption curve, vertical polarization transmission curve, vertical polarization reflection curve, and vertical polarization absorption, respectively.
  • S21 in the drawing is the transmittance, where "1" in S21 is the entrance port and "2" is the exit port.
  • S11 is the reflectance, where "1" in S11 is the incident port.
  • the L-band (1-2GHz) of the integrated absorbing and transmissive device has a high transmittance and a high cut-off characteristic in the Ku-band (12.75-18.1GHz). For example, it has a significant cutoff at 12.2GHz. Local lowest point.
  • the integrated wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting device has a very small absorption rate in the L-band and a high absorption rate in the Ku-band.
  • the wave reflectance did not change significantly.
  • the invention can be used as a protective cover for communication antennas, radars, and other devices, and can absorb in a wide frequency range and an angular range on the premise of ensuring normal operation of the antenna, thereby ensuring a good antenna working environment.
  • a radome includes the foregoing integrated wave absorbing and transmitting device, that is, the wave absorbing and transmitting integrated device includes a wave transmitting structure including a first substrate and a substrate.
  • the invention uses a cascade of a three-dimensional metamaterial and a simple two-dimensional frequency selective surface, and has a simple structure.
  • the integrated wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting device according to the embodiment of the present invention can realize high-wave transmission in the L-band and high absorption in the Ku-band in a wide angle range.
  • the integrated wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting device can be used as a protective cover for communication antennas, radars, and other devices, and can absorb in a wide frequency range and an angular range on the premise of ensuring normal operation of the antenna, thereby ensuring a good antenna working environment.

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Abstract

本发明提供了吸波透波一体化装置及天线罩。吸波透波一体化装置，包括：透波结构体，包括第一基板和位于基板的相对表面上的金属贴片单元；吸波结构体，设置在透波结构体上，并包括相互垂直的第一吸波单元和第二吸波单元，第一吸波单元或第二吸波单元均包括：第二基板；多个金属区段和多个阻带，均位于第二基板的表面上；其中，多个金属区段与多个阻带以交替的方式连接为吸收环，并且金属贴片单元设置为与第一吸波单元的吸收环和第二吸波单元的吸收环均垂直。该装置能够达到在宽角域范围内L波段高透波率、Ku波段高吸收率，从而有效地改善了无线电设备的工作环境。

Description

吸波透波一体化装置及天线罩 技术领域
本发明的一般地涉及通信技术领域，更具体地，涉及吸波透波一体化装置及天线罩。
背景技术
随着现代电磁技术的不断发展，电磁频谱的划分越来越细，边界越发的不清晰。与此同时，电磁技术的发展也催生了威胁人类生存的电磁污染。目前保证不同频带之间的电磁兼容和治理电磁污染，吸波是一个重要的手段。但吸波也存在一些问题，吸波结构往往没有透波能力，这可能使得本来应该正常工作的无线电设备的工作受到一定程度的干扰。
目前常见的吸波透波一体化结构有多种形式，在集总电阻加载的金属条带上使用金属窄带制造出电容、电感器件，使得这一LC电路可以在特定频率下将能量局域在LC回路中，从而隔离电阻，达到透波的效果。这种结构可以实现吸波透波功能的一体化，但是由于使用金属窄带制造的电容电感尺寸极小，对于加工有很高要求。同时电容电感在入射角发生变化后会随之变化，这将导致回路谐振发生变化，影响吸波透波的性能。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中所存在的等缺陷，提供了能够解决上述问题的一种本发明提出了一种在宽角域范围内L波段高透波、Ku波段高吸收的吸波透波一体化结构及包括该结构的天线罩。
根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种吸波透波一体化装置，包括：透波结构体，包括第一基板和位于所述第一基板的相对表面上的金属贴片单元；吸波结构体，设置在所述透波结构体上，并包括相互垂直的第一吸波单元和第二吸波单元，所述第一吸波单元或所述第二吸波单元均包括：第二基板；多个金属区 段和多个阻带，均位于所述第二基板的表面上；其中，所述多个金属区段与所述多个阻带以交替的方式连接为吸收环，并且所述金属贴片单元设置为与所述第一吸波单元的吸收环和所述第二吸波单元的吸收环均垂直。
优选地，所述多个阻带包括相同的第一阻带和第二阻带；以及所述多个金属区段包括第一金属区段和第二金属区段，其中，所述第一金属区段、所述第一金属区段、所述第一阻带和所述第二阻带共同连接为吸收环，其中，所述第一阻带位于所述第一金属区段的第一端和所述第二金属区段的第一端之间并且所述第二阻带位于所述第一金属区段的第二端和所述第二金属区段的第二端之间。
优选地，所述第一金属区段和所述第二金属区段包括半圆形环和在所述半圆形环的两端处延长的平行金属区段。
优选地，所述金属贴片单元包括金属实心贴片或金属环贴片。
优选地，所述金属环贴片的中心线长度为与所述金属贴片单元的谐振频率相对应的波长的整数倍。
优选地，所述金属环贴片还包括同心的内环和外环，所述内环位于所述第一基板的第一表面上；所述外环位于所述第一基板的第二表面上，其中，所述第一表面与所述第二表面相对并且所述金属环贴片的中心线长度为所述内环的长度与所述外环的长度的平均值。
优选地，所述透波结构体还包括：第一介质层，位于所述第一基板的第一表面上并且覆盖所述内环；以及第二介质层，位于所述第一基板的第二表面上并且覆盖所述外环。
优选地，所述内环和所述外环为正方形环、长方形环、圆形环或六边形环。
优选地，所述阻带还包括电感器和/或电容器。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种天线罩，所述天线罩包括上述任一项所述的吸波透波一体化装置。
本发明使用了三维超材料和简单的二维频率选择表面的级联，结构简单。根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置能够实现在宽角域范围内L波段高透波率、Ku波段高吸收率。该吸波透波一体化装置可用作通信天线、雷达等器件的保护罩，可以在保证天线正常工作的前提下宽频宽角域的吸收，从而达到保证良好的天线工作环境。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本发明的实施例的吸波结构体的吸收环的一个实例的结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明的实施例的透波结构体的内环和外环的一个实例的结构示意图；
图3A和图3B是根据本发明的实施例的吸波结构体的一个实例的正视图及侧视图；
图4是根据本发明的实施例的透波结构体的一个实例的侧视图；
图5是根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置的立体图；
图6是根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置的平行极化透射曲线图；
图7是根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置的平行极化反射曲线图；
图8是根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置的平行极化吸收曲线图；
图9是根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置的垂直极化透射曲线图；
图10是根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置的垂直极化反射曲线图；以及
图11是根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置的垂直极化吸收曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描 述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明通过分别设计吸波结构体和透波结构体，然后级联的方式实现吸波透波一体化装置。目前采用的方法是在吸波频带内让入射波在透波结构体产生谐振反射后与入射波叠加，并在叠加后电场场强较强的位置设置电阻吸收电磁波。因此，透波结构体需要实现在低频L波段有高透波而在Ku波段有高截止特性。而吸波结构体需要在Ku波段入射波与反射波叠加后电场场强较强的部位设置电阻而在L波段有高的透波。其中，L波段是指频率在1-2GHz的无线电波波段，并且Ku波段为从12.75-18.1GHz的频段。
图1是根据本发明的实施例的吸波结构体的吸收环的一个实例的结构示意图。图2是根据本发明的实施例的透波结构体的内环和外环的一个实例的结构示意图。图3A和图3B是根据本发明的实施例的吸波结构体的一个实例的正视图及侧视图。图4是根据本发明的实施例的透波结构体的一个实例的侧视图。图5是根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置的立体图。下文中，将参照图1-图5对吸波透波一体化装置进行详细。
参照图5，根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置500，包括：透波结构体508，包括第一基板和位于基板的相对表面上的金属贴片单元；吸波结构体510，设置在透波结构体508之上，并包括相互垂直的第一吸波单元512和第二吸波单元514，第一吸波单元512或第二吸波单元514均包括：第二基板；多个金属区段，位于第二基板的表面上；以及多个阻带，在第二基板的表面上位于入射波在透波结构体处产生的反射波与入射波的叠加增强的位置处，具体地，多个阻带可以设置在第一吸波单元512和第二吸波单元514相互垂直的垂直正交线上或者垂直正交线附近，其中，多个金属区段与多个阻带以交替的方式连接为吸收环，并且金属贴片单元设置为与第一吸波单元的吸收环和第二吸波单元的吸收环均垂直，具体地，交替方式为金属区段-阻带-金属区段-阻带。
根据本发明的实施例，透波结构体在L波段具有高透波率并且吸波结 构体在Ku波段具有高吸收率，因此，级联的透波结构体和吸波结构体的吸波透波一体化装置能够实现L波段有高透波并且Ku波段高吸收，从而改善可以有效地改善无线电设备的工作环境。
下文中，参照附图1、3和5，对吸波结构体进行详细描述。
参照图5，吸波结构体510，设置在透波结构体508之上，并包括相互垂直的第一吸波单元512和第二吸波单元514，第一吸波单元512和第二吸波单元514为相同的吸波单元300。该吸波单元300包括：第二基板302；多个金属区段，位于第二基板302的表面上；以及多个阻带，在第二基板302的表面上位于入射波在透波结构体502处产生的反射波与入射波的叠加增强的位置处，具体的，多个阻带可以设置在第一吸波单元512和第二吸波单元514相互垂直的垂直正交线上或者垂直正交线附近，其中，多个金属区段与多个阻带以交替的方式(例如，金属区段-阻带-金属区段-阻带)连接为吸收环304作为该吸波单元300的环形回路，并且金属贴片单元设置为与第一吸波单元的吸收环和第二吸波单元的吸收环均垂直。在一个实施例中，参照图1和3，多个阻带包括相同的第一阻带R1和第二阻带R2；以及多个金属区段包括第一金属区段116和第二金属区段118，其中，第一金属区段116、第一金属区段118、第一阻带R1和第二阻带R2连接为吸收环100，其中，第一阻带R1位于第一金属区段116的第一端和第二金属区段118的第一端(与第一金属区段的第一端属于同一侧)之间并且第二阻带R1位于第一金属区段116的第二端和第二金属区段118的第二端(与第一金属区段的第二端属于同一侧)之间。第一金属区段116和第二金属区段118均包括半圆形环和在半圆形环的两端处延长的平行金属区段，其中，第一金属区段116和第二金属区段118合在一起共同形成一个运动场的跑道形状，即两条平行线的同一侧的末端各自连接一个半圆形。在图1所示的实施例中，第一金属区段116包括半圆形环102和在半圆形环的两端处延长的平行金属区段106和110；以及第二金属区段118包括半圆形环104和在半圆形环的两端处延长的平行金属区段108和112。在其他实施例中，吸收环还可以为正方形环、矩形环、六边形环等多边形环，相应地，包括更大数量的金属区段和阻带，例如，包括四个金属区段和阻带或者六个金属区段和阻带等。阻带包括电阻器，其中，电阻器用于吸收反射波与入射波的叠加而生成的相长干涉的电磁波。在该实施例中，参照图1，电 阻器设置为位于吸收环中的对称位置处，例如，多边形的平行的相对边上，使得与非对称电阻器相比较，该对称电阻器处的反射波与入射波的叠加而生成更强的电磁波。吸收环将吸收的电磁波的能量转换为电阻器的内能。在可选实施例中，阻带还可以包括电感器和电容器。
下文中，参照附图2、图4和图5对透波结构体进行详细描述。透波结构体508，包括第一基板和位于基板的相对表面上的金属贴片单元。其中，金属贴片单元包括金属实心贴片或金属环贴片。金属环贴片的中心线长度为与金属贴片单元的谐振频率相对应的波长的整数倍。具体地，参照图2，金属环贴片200还包括同心的内环204和外环202，内环204位于第一基板的第一表面上；外环202位于第一基板的第二表面上，其中，第一表面与第二表面相对并且金属环贴片200的中心线长度为内环204的长度与外环202的长度的平均值。参照图5，透波部508还包括：第一介质层504，位于第一基板502的第一表面上并且覆盖内环204；以及第二介质层506，位于第一基板502的第二表面上并且覆盖外环202。在实施例中，内环204和外环202为正方形环、长方形环、圆形环或六边形环或其它多边形环等。在该实施例中，将内环204和外环202设置为同心，从而能够减少电磁波的干涉。在另一实施例中，六边形环还可以使得电磁波更加均匀。
在本发明的具体实例中，透波结构体需求L波段高透波而Ku波段高截止的特性，因此可以考虑使用频率选择表面(FSS)来实现。但单一的金属贴片或金属环结构难以实现整个Ku波段这么宽频带的截止，因此考虑采用多层谐振频点不同的带阻微结构叠加实现。同时，简单金属环贴片单元的中心线长度即其内环与外环长度的平均值与单元的谐振频点对应波长是整数倍的关系，可以使其一阶谐振对应波长与中心线长度接近，可以较好地控制谐振频点。因此，本发明的技术方案采用金属环贴片单元实现透波结构体。
在吸波结构体的具体实例中，吸波结构体需求低频高透波而Ku波段高吸收的特性。本发明的技术方案采用的吸波方式是在需吸收的频点通过将电磁波反射后在入射波与反射波叠加增强的位置吸收，而且还采用一种立体三维的吸波结构，在透波结构体两个阻带对应的入射波与反射波电场叠加增强的位置设计电阻，采用半金属圆环并延长金属结构的方式在入射方 向上将两组电阻连通形成回路，将能量转化为电阻的内能从而达到吸收的目的，并能满足整个Ku波段吸波的需求。
下面将使用一个例子作为说明，如图1至图4所示，其中半金属圆环内直径Φ1为2mm至4mm，例如，Φ1＝2.6mm，金属圆环宽度D1为0.1mm至1mm，例如，D1＝0.6mm。同一平面内的两金属半圆环距离L1为1mm至4mm，例如，L1＝2mm。金属环断口延长L2为0.1mm至1.5mm，例如，L2＝0.9mm。电阻R1为50Ω至1000Ω，例如，R1＝500Ω。电阻R2为50Ω至1000Ω，例如，R2＝150Ω。小金属方环(即，内环)边长L3为3mm至5mm，例如，L3＝4.1mm，大金属方环(即，外环)边长L4为5mm至8mm，例如，L4＝5.66mm，金属宽度D2为0.1mm至1mm，例如，D2＝0.2mm。金属部分厚度20μm，可以使用铜、银、金等金属。吸收部分介质背板长L5为8mm至10mm，例如，L5＝8mm，宽D3为3mm至8mm，例如，D3＝4mm，厚度H1为0.5mm至2mm，例如，H1＝0.8mm，反射部分叠层结构中两侧的高介电蒙皮材料厚度H2均为0.2mm至1mm，例如，H2＝0.5mm，低介电夹芯材料厚度H3为1mm至8mm，例如，H3＝6mm，其中透射部分的两个金属方环分别置于P1、P2位置上，透波结构体的蒙皮和吸波结构体的基板均采用介电常数ε＝3.1，损耗角正切为0.6％。组合后结构如图5所示。仿真结果如图6至图11所示，统计仿真结果平均值(例如，在0°、10°、20°、30°、40°、50°和60°)如表一所示，由仿真结果可见已经达到了L波段高透波，Ku波段高吸收的目的。
表一
  TE透波(L) TM透波(L) TE吸收(Ku) TM吸收(Ku)
0° 0.8930 0.8936 0.9263 0.9265
10° 0.8915 0.8969 0.9236 0.9252
20° 0.8844 0.9041 0.9186 0.9256
30° 0.8728 0.9161 0.9095 0.9278
40° 0.8514 0.9322 0.8913 0.9132
50° 0.8134 0.9510 0.8533 0.8682
60° 0.7394 0.9673 0.7689 0.7738
为了清楚的目的，图6至11示出了分别示出了平行极化透射曲线、平行极化反射曲线、平行极化吸收曲线、垂直极化透射曲线、垂直极化反射曲线和垂直极化吸收曲线。附图中的S21为透射率，其中，S21中的“1” 为入射端口，而“2”为出射端口。S11为反射率，其中，S11中的“1”为入射端口。
从图6和图9中可知，该吸波透波一体化装置L波段(1-2GHz)具有高透射率而在Ku波段(12.75-18.1GHz)具有高截止特征，例如，在12.2GHz具有明显地局部最低点。在图8和图11中，该吸波透波一体化装置在L波段具有非常小的吸收率，而在Ku波段具有高吸收率。在图7和10中，波反射率没有显著变化。
本发明可用作通信天线、雷达等器件的保护罩可以在保证天线正常工作的前提下宽频宽角域的吸收，从而达到保证良好的天线工作环境。
根据本发明的实施例，还提供了一种天线罩，天线罩包括前述的吸波透波一体化装置，即吸波透波一体化装置包括：透波结构体，包括第一基板和位于基板的相对表面上的金属贴片单元；吸波结构体，包括相互垂直的第一吸波单元和第二吸波单元，位于透波结构体上方，第一吸波单元和第二吸波单元包括：第二基板；多个金属区段，位于第二基板的表面上；以及多个阻带，在第二基板的表面上位于入射波在透波结构体处产生的反射波与入射波的叠加增强的位置处，其中，多个金属区段与多个阻带以交替的方式连接为吸收环并且金属贴片单元设置为与第一吸波单元的吸收环和第二吸波单元的吸收环垂直。
本发明使用了三维超材料和简单的二维频率选择表面的级联，结构简单。根据本发明的实施例的吸波透波一体化装置能够实现在宽角域范围内L波段高透波同时Ku波段高吸收。该吸波透波一体化装置可用作通信天线、雷达等器件的保护罩，可以在保证天线正常工作的前提下宽频宽角域的吸收，从而达到保证良好的天线工作环境。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种吸波透波一体化装置，其特征在于，包括：
    透波结构体，包括第一基板和位于所述第一基板的相对表面上的金属贴片单元；
    吸波结构体，设置在所述透波结构体上，并包括相互垂直的第一吸波单元和第二吸波单元，所述第一吸波单元或所述第二吸波单元均包括：
    第二基板；
    多个金属区段和多个阻带，均位于所述第二基板的表面上；
    其中，所述多个金属区段与所述多个阻带以交替的方式连接为吸收环，并且所述金属贴片单元设置为与所述第一吸波单元的吸收环和所述第二吸波单元的吸收环均垂直。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的吸波透波一体化装置，其特征在于，
    所述多个阻带包括相同的第一阻带和第二阻带；以及
    所述多个金属区段包括第一金属区段和第二金属区段，其中，所述第一金属区段、所述第一金属区段、所述第一阻带和所述第二阻带共同连接为吸收环，其中，所述第一阻带位于所述第一金属区段的第一端和所述第二金属区段的第一端之间，并且所述第二阻带位于所述第一金属区段的第二端和所述第二金属区段的第二端之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的吸波透波一体化装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一金属区段和所述第二金属区段包括半圆形环和在所述半圆形环的两端处延长的平行金属区段。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的吸波透波一体化装置，其特征在于，所述金属贴片单元包括金属实心贴片或金属环贴片。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的吸波透波一体化装置，其特征在于，所述金属环贴片的中心线长度为与所述金属贴片单元的谐振频率相对应的波长的整数倍。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的吸波透波一体化装置，其特征在于，所述金属环贴片还包括同心的内环和外环，
    所述内环位于所述第一基板的第一表面上；
    所述外环位于所述第一基板的第二表面上，其中，所述第一表面与所述第二表面相对并且所述金属环贴片的中心线长度为所述内环的长度与所述外环的长度的平均值。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的吸波透波一体化装置，其特征在于，所述透波结构体还包括：
    第一介质层，位于所述第一基板的第一表面上并且覆盖所述内环；以及
    第二介质层，位于所述第一基板的第二表面上并且覆盖所述外环。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的吸波透波一体化装置，其特征在于，所述内环和所述外环为正方形环、长方形环、圆形环或六边形环。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的吸波透波一体化装置，其特征在于，所述阻带包括电感器和/或电容器。
  10. 一种天线罩，其特征在于，所述天线罩包括权利要求1-9任一项所述的吸波透波一体化装置。
PCT/CN2018/125126 2018-07-27 2018-12-29 吸波透波一体化装置及天线罩 Ceased WO2020019675A1 (zh)

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