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WO2019237606A1 - 扬声器振膜以及扬声器 - Google Patents

扬声器振膜以及扬声器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019237606A1
WO2019237606A1 PCT/CN2018/110165 CN2018110165W WO2019237606A1 WO 2019237606 A1 WO2019237606 A1 WO 2019237606A1 CN 2018110165 W CN2018110165 W CN 2018110165W WO 2019237606 A1 WO2019237606 A1 WO 2019237606A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
thermoplastic polyester
polyester elastomer
elastomer film
layers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/110165
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王婷
赵国栋
朱杰
李春
刘春发
Original Assignee
歌尔股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 歌尔股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020217000594A priority Critical patent/KR20210018474A/ko
Priority to US17/252,493 priority patent/US11825285B2/en
Priority to EP18922250.8A priority patent/EP3809715A4/en
Priority to JP2020569978A priority patent/JP2021527993A/ja
Publication of WO2019237606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237606A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H04R7/10—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising superposed layers in contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/122—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H04R7/125—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising a plurality of superposed layers in contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
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    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2250/02—2 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B32B2250/244—All polymers belonging to those covered by group B32B27/36
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2274/00—Thermoplastic elastomer material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • H04R2207/021—Diaphragm extensions, not necessarily integrally formed, e.g. skirts, rims, flanges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R2307/025—Diaphragms comprising polymeric materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/18—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones at the periphery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electro-acoustic conversion, and more particularly, to a speaker diaphragm and a speaker.
  • Existing loudspeaker diaphragms mostly adopt a composite structure of a high-modulus plastic film layer (PEEK, PAR, PEI, PI, etc.), a soft thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), and a damping rubber film (acrylic rubber, silicone, etc.).
  • PEEK high-modulus plastic film layer
  • PAR PAR, PEI, PI, etc.
  • TPU soft thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer
  • damping rubber film acrylic rubber, silicone, etc.
  • the diaphragm made of silicone rubber has also been applied in the field of speakers.
  • the modulus or hardness of silicone rubber is relatively low.
  • the thickness of the diaphragm is thicker, on the one hand, the margin of the vibration space becomes smaller, and on the other hand, the quality of the vibration system is heavier, causing Lower sensitivity.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for a speaker diaphragm.
  • a speaker diaphragm includes a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer, wherein the thermoplastic polyester elastomer is a copolymer composed of a polyester hard segment A and a polyether or an aliphatic polyester soft segment B, and the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film
  • the glass transition temperature of the layer is ⁇ 20 ° C
  • the thermoplastic temperature is 50 ° C-200 ° C.
  • the elastic recovery rate of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer after 10% strain is ⁇ 80%.
  • the elongation at break of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is ⁇ 300%.
  • the Young's modulus of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is 1-1000 MPa.
  • thermoplastic polyester elastomer has a loss factor ⁇ 0.015.
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is 5-40 ⁇ m.
  • the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is -90 ° C to 0 ° C.
  • thermoplastic polyester elastomer is a copolymer composed of a polyester hard segment A and a polyether or an aliphatic polyester soft segment B.
  • the mass percentage of the polyester hard segment A is 10-95%.
  • the relative molecular mass of the polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B is 600-6000.
  • the material of the polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B is selected from one or more of aliphatic polyester, polytetrahydrofuran ether, polyphenylene ether, and polyethylene oxide.
  • the polyester The material of the hard segment A is a polymer of a dibasic acid and a diol, wherein the dibasic acid is selected from one or more of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and diphthalic acid.
  • the diol is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, and hexanediol.
  • the polyester hard segment A can be crystallized, and the average degree of polymerization of the polyester hard segment A material is ⁇ 2, and the polyester hard segment A has a melting temperature ⁇ 150 ° C.
  • it includes two skin layers compounded together and at least one intermediate layer located between the two skin layers, at least one of the skin layers is a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer, and at least one intermediate layer is an adhesive layer.
  • the speaker diaphragm has a three-layer structure, including one of the intermediate layers, and two of the surface layers are both thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layers.
  • the speaker diaphragm includes two of the intermediate layers, both of the surface layers are thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layers, and the two of the intermediate layers are adhesive layers of different materials.
  • the speaker diaphragm includes three of the intermediate layers, wherein two of the intermediate layers are adhesive layers, and the other intermediate layer is the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer, and the thermoplastic polymer layer is An ester elastomer film layer is located between the two adhesive layers; or
  • the three said intermediate layers are all adhesive layers.
  • a speaker includes a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system that cooperates with the vibration system.
  • the vibration system includes the above-mentioned speaker diaphragm.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm has a high structural strength, is not easily broken, has good toughness and resilience, and has a good sounding effect.
  • FIG. 1A is a SmartPA (smart PA) test curve of a conventional diaphragm.
  • FIG. 1B is a SmartPA test curve of a speaker diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are cross-sectional views of a speaker diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a test curve of vibration displacement of different parts of a speaker diaphragm at different frequencies according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a test curve of vibration displacement of different parts of a conventional diaphragm at different frequencies.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a speaker diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a stress-strain curve of a speaker diaphragm and a PEEK diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a harmonic distortion test curve of a speaker diaphragm and a conventional diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a test curve (SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies of a speaker diaphragm and a conventional diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer 12: adhesive layer; 12a, another adhesive layer; 13: center portion; 14: FPCB; 16: connection portion; 17: folded ring portion.
  • any specific value should be construed as exemplary only and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
  • a speaker diaphragm is provided.
  • the diaphragm may be a single-layer structure or a composite structure composed of a plurality of film layers.
  • the diaphragm includes a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer.
  • the thermoplastic polyester elastomer is a copolymer composed of a polyester hard segment A and a polyether or an aliphatic polyester soft segment B.
  • the polyester material and the polyether or aliphatic polyester material generate a copolymer through a transesterification reaction under the action of a set catalyst.
  • Copolymer is a kind of polymer prepared by connecting two or more polymer segments with different properties together. Due to the inherent incompatibility between the components of the copolymer, self-assembled into ordered nanostructures on the nanometer scale, and the formed microphase and phase separation show the characteristics of combining the properties of different polymer segments.
  • the raw material of the copolymer used to make the diaphragm is granular, powdery, or the like.
  • the raw materials are heated to form a fluid.
  • the fluid forms a film layer by injection molding, cast molding, and the like.
  • the polyester hard segment A has a high hardness and plays a role of structural support, which makes the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer have sufficient rigidity.
  • Polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B has strong fluidity, provides flexibility for the film layer, makes the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer good resilience, and the thermoplastic temperature of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer Low, for example, it can reach 50 ° C-200 ° C, the forming temperature of the speaker diaphragm is low, and processing is easier.
  • the mass percentage of the material of the polyester hard segment A is 10-95%, that is, the amount of the polyester hard segment A material accounts for the total mass of the reactant.
  • the polyester hard segment A material and the aliphatic polyester soft segment B The percentage of the total mass of the material. This range enables the speaker diaphragm to have both hardness, toughness, and resilience.
  • the mass percentage of the material of the polyester hard segment A is 30-90%. In this range, the thickness of the speaker diaphragm can be made thinner, and the hardness, toughness, and resilience performance are more excellent.
  • the material of the polyester hard segment A is a polymer of a dibasic acid and a diol.
  • a dibasic acid and a diol are polymerized under a set reaction condition to form a polyester hard segment A.
  • the polymer easily reacts with the material of the polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B to form a thermoplastic elastomer polymer.
  • the dibasic acid is selected from one or more of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and diphthalic acid.
  • the above-mentioned diacid reacts with a diol at a high speed and a high conversion rate.
  • the diol is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, and hexanediol.
  • the above-mentioned diol reacts with a dibasic acid with a high speed and a high conversion rate.
  • the types of the dibasic acid and the diol are not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can select according to actual needs.
  • the polyester hard segment A can be crystallized, and the average degree of polymerization of the polyester hard segment A is ⁇ 2. Under this average degree of polymerization, the polyester hard segment A has good crystalline properties, which makes the speaker diaphragm high in rigidity, high in structural strength, and good in durability.
  • the melting temperature of the polyester hard segment A is ⁇ 150 ° C.
  • Melting temperature refers to the temperature at which a material changes from a solid phase to a liquid phase.
  • the melting temperature of the polyester hard segment A determines the melting temperature of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer. The higher the melting temperature, the wider the use temperature range of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer. This melting temperature range makes the application temperature range of the speaker diaphragm wider, and it can work normally in a higher temperature working environment.
  • the material of the polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B is selected from one or more of aliphatic polyester, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetrahydrofuran ether, and polyphenylene ether.
  • the above materials are easily polymerized with the material of the polyester hard segment A, so that processing of the speaker diaphragm becomes easy.
  • the relative molecular mass of the material of the polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B is 600-6000.
  • the diaphragm shows higher brittleness, and the toughness and resilience of the diaphragm are poor;
  • the higher the relative molecular mass of the soft segment B of the polyether or aliphatic polyester the higher the hardness, and its properties are getting closer to the hard segment A of the polyester, which makes the elasticity of the speaker diaphragm worse and the chain elongation The smaller.
  • the relative molecular mass range enables the speaker diaphragm to have both sufficient rigidity and toughness, and high tensile strength and chain elongation.
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is 5-70um.
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is 5-40 ⁇ m. This thickness range makes the speaker diaphragm more sensitive, and similarly drives the power diaphragm with a large amplitude and loudness, and makes the vibration space margin of the vibration system larger.
  • thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer can also provide part of the damping performance. This is because the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is composed of polyester hard segment A and polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B. The molecular segment of polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B can move at room temperature, but In the presence of polyester hard segment A, the molecular chain segment is subject to large frictional damping, and thus exhibits good damping characteristics.
  • the loss factor can characterize the damping of the material.
  • the loss factor of the thermoplastic polyester elastic film layer is greater than or equal to 0.015. This shows that the damping property of the speaker diaphragm is improved, the vibration system has a strong ability to suppress the polarization phenomenon during the vibration process, and the vibration consistency is good.
  • the commonly used engineering plastic film has low damping, its loss factor is generally less than 0.01, and its damping is small.
  • thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer makes the speaker diaphragm have a wider elastic area and has good resilience.
  • the elastic recovery rate of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer after 10% strain is ⁇ 80%. Due to the good resilience of the speaker diaphragm, the speaker has better transient response and lower distortion.
  • the commonly used engineering plastic diaphragm such as PEEK
  • the thermoplastic polyester elastomer has good resilience because it is in a high elastic state at room temperature. The material will not yield significantly when stressed. No yield point or yield point> 10%.
  • Fig. 8 is a stress response curve of a speaker diaphragm and a PEEK diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dotted line is the stress-strain curve of the loudspeaker diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • the solid line is the stress-strain curve of the PEEK diaphragm.
  • the PEEK diaphragm formed a clear yield point, at about 0.4-0.5% strain.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm provided by the present invention has no obvious yield point. Yield strain is> 10%. This shows that the loudspeaker diaphragm provided by the present invention has a wider elastic area and is excellent in resilience performance.
  • thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer makes the speaker diaphragm have good flexibility, for example, the elongation at break ⁇ 300%.
  • the materials of the polyester hard segment A and the polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B have an important influence on the elongation at break, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs. This results in greater vibration displacement and loudness of the loudspeaker diaphragm. And good reliability and durability. The better the flexibility of the material and the larger the elongation at break, the stronger the speaker diaphragm's ability to resist damage.
  • the speaker diaphragm based on the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer has good flexibility and reduces the risk of diaphragm damage.
  • the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer can be adjusted.
  • the mass percentage of polyester hard segment A is 10-95%. This makes the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer ⁇ 20 ° C. The glass transition temperature enables the loudspeaker diaphragm to maintain a high elastic state at normal temperature and has good resilience.
  • the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is -90 ° C to 0 ° C. This makes it possible for the speaker diaphragm to maintain good rubber elasticity at all times when the temperature is lower than 0 ° C, so that the speaker exhibits higher sound quality. At the same time, the risk of damage to the diaphragm of the speaker in a low temperature environment is reduced, and the reliability is higher.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention can meet the needs of the loudspeaker for use in high and low temperature environments. Low temperature performance is more prominent than conventional diaphragms, such as PEEK diaphragms. When used in a low temperature environment, the diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention still has good strength and toughness, and the risk of vibration film breakage in a low temperature environment for a long time is low.
  • the Young's modulus of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is 1-1000 MPa. Under other conditions, the Young's modulus is proportional to the speaker's F 0 (resonant frequency).
  • the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer makes the Young's modulus of the speaker lower, thereby obtaining a lower F 0 , thereby improving the low-frequency effect of the speaker.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm has a low Young's modulus and good thermoplasticity. This allows the loudspeaker diaphragm to be made thin, reduces the quality of the loudspeaker diaphragm, improves the margin of the vibration space, improves the sensitivity, and makes the F 0 is lower.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm has a wider elastic area and excellent resilience performance.
  • the Young's modulus of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is 2-700 MPa. In this way, F 0 of the speaker can be further reduced.
  • a person skilled in the art may adjust the types and proportions of the material of the polyester hard segment A and the material of the polyether or aliphatic polyester soft segment B according to the sound requirements of different speaker diaphragms to achieve a suitable Young's modulus.
  • the speaker diaphragm has a composite structure.
  • the composite structure includes two surface layers compounded together and at least one intermediate layer located between the two surface layers. At least one surface layer is a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer, and at least one intermediate layer is an adhesive layer.
  • the adhesive layer provides the required damping and adhesive properties of the speaker diaphragm.
  • the adhesive layer can be directly bonded to the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer to form a composite structure. This makes the fabrication of loudspeaker diaphragms very easy.
  • the loss factor can reflect the magnitude of damping.
  • the loss factor of the adhesive layer is ⁇ 0.1.
  • the adhesive layer can effectively suppress the polarization of the needle-shaped system during vibration, and makes the vibration consistency better, thereby improving the listening effect.
  • the adhesive force between the adhesive layer and the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is greater than 100 g / 25 mm (180 ° peeling).
  • the high adhesive force makes the upper and lower film layers of the adhesive layer have good coordination and consistency during the vibration process, the sound quality is pure, and the speaker diaphragm still maintains the initial state after long-term vibration, and the performance stability is high.
  • the adhesive layer is selected from one or more of an acrylic adhesive, a silicone adhesive, and a polyurethane adhesive.
  • the above-mentioned adhesive has good adhesion and damping performance. Those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer is 1 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the adhesive force of the adhesive layer increases as the thickness of the adhesive layer increases. If the thickness is too small, the adhesive force is insufficient, and the consistency of the movement of the upper and lower surface layers of the adhesive layer cannot be effectively guaranteed during the vibration process. At the same time, the damping effect provided by the adhesive layer also decreases as the thickness decreases.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer is too large, which on the one hand reduces the vibration space margin; on the other hand, the edge of the speaker diaphragm is prone to problems such as glue overflow, which affects the process yield.
  • the adhesive layer in this thickness range can take into account sufficient adhesive force, excellent damping effect, and sufficient vibration space margin for the vibration system. Further preferably, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 2-35 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the speaker diaphragm is 10-100 ⁇ m. This thickness range enables the vibration system to have sufficient vibration space margin, and is conducive to the slimming and miniaturization of the speaker.
  • the speaker diaphragm has a three-layer structure including an intermediate layer.
  • the middle layer is an adhesive layer 12.
  • Both surface layers are a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer 11.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm has strong rigidity and good damping effect.
  • the speaker diaphragm has fewer layers, can be made thinner, and has higher vibration sensitivity.
  • both skin layers are thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layers 11. This makes the hardness, toughness and resilience of the speaker diaphragm better. In addition, since the materials of the two surface layers of the diaphragm are uniform, the durability of the diaphragm is more excellent.
  • the speaker diaphragm includes two intermediate layers. Both surface layers are a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer 11. Among them, the two intermediate layers are adhesive layers 12 and 12a of different materials, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm has strong rigidity and good damping effect.
  • the speaker diaphragm includes three intermediate layers. Both surface layers are a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer 11. As shown in FIG. 4, two intermediate layers are an adhesive layer 12, and the other intermediate layer is a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer 11. The thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer 11 is located between the two adhesive layers 12. The thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layers 11 and the adhesive layers 12 are alternately arranged with each other.
  • the three intermediate layers are all adhesive layers 12.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm has strong rigidity, good damping effect and good resilience.
  • the Young's modulus of the plurality of thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layers may be the same or different. Among them, when the Young's modulus is the same, the vibration consistency of each thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is better. When the Young's modulus is different, you can adjust the difficulty of the upper and lower vibrations of the speaker diaphragm by adjusting the Young's modulus to optimize the vibration balance.
  • the loss factors, thicknesses, etc. of the plurality of thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layers and adhesive layers may be the same or different.
  • Those skilled in the art can adjust the rigidity, damping characteristics, compliance, resilience, etc. of the speaker diaphragm by adjusting the above parameters.
  • the thickness of the two surface layers is the same, which makes the uniformity of the speaker diaphragm good, and it is not easy to curl and wrinkle.
  • the Young's modulus of the speaker diaphragm formed will change accordingly.
  • the Young's modulus of the adhesive layer is small, which reduces the Young's modulus of the speaker diaphragm.
  • the Young's modulus of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer is 1-1000 MPa
  • the Young's modulus of the composite speaker diaphragm is 5-600 MPa.
  • one of the two skin layers is a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer
  • the other is a film layer of other materials, such as a silicone rubber layer, an engineering plastic layer, and the like.
  • Multiple film layers are bonded together by an adhesive layer. In this way, the speaker diaphragm also has good physical and acoustic performance.
  • the speaker diaphragm is a folded ring diaphragm, which includes a folded ring portion 17, a central portion 13 formed by extending the inner edge of the folded ring portion 17 inward, and a
  • the connecting portion 16 is formed by the outer edge extending outward.
  • providing a reinforcing layer in the central portion 13 can increase the structural strength of the speaker diaphragm and reduce the split vibration of the speaker diaphragm.
  • One end of the voice coil is connected to the center portion 13.
  • the connection portion 16 is used for connection with a housing of a speaker.
  • the thickness of the folded-back portion 17 is configured to gradually increase from the apex to a portion closer to the central portion 13 and the connection portion 16.
  • the vertex is the highest point or the lowest point of the cross section of the folded ring portion 17 in the radial direction. In this way, since the thickness near the apex is small, the vibration sensitivity of the speaker diaphragm is higher. Since the thickness of the portion near the central portion 13 and the connection portion 16 is large, the structural strength of the diaphragm can be improved.
  • the reinforcing layer is FPCB 14.
  • the FPCB 14 is embedded in the center portion 13.
  • the FPCB 14 includes a conductive metal layer and an insulating layer covering the upper and lower sides of the conductive metal layer.
  • the conductive metal layer makes the FPCB 14 have higher strength, and the insulating layer makes the FPCB 14 have stronger toughness.
  • FPCB14 can effectively reduce the split vibration of the speaker diaphragm.
  • the outgoing end and the incoming end of the voice coil are connected to the FPCB 14 and are electrically connected to an external circuit through the FPCB 14. This makes the electrical connection of the voice coil easier and more reliable.
  • FIG. 1A is a SmartPA (smart PA) test curve of a conventional diaphragm.
  • FIG. 1B is a SmartPA test curve of a speaker diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the abscissa is the test time (s), and the ordinate is the displacement (mm).
  • the structure of the conventional diaphragm is the same as the structure of the diaphragm in the embodiment of the present invention, and the material is different from that of the diaphragm in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the conventional diaphragm and the diaphragm in the embodiment of the present invention both have a three-layer structure.
  • the conventional diaphragm includes two PEEK surface layers and an adhesive layer located between the two surface layers.
  • the diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention also has a three-layer structure, and includes two thermoplastic polyester elastomer surface layers and an adhesive layer located between the two surface layers.
  • the thickness of the corresponding adhesive layers of the two diaphragms is the same, and the structures are the same.
  • the conventional diaphragm structure and the diaphragm structure of the present invention for comparison in the following embodiments both adopt the same structure as this embodiment, and will not be described again.
  • the diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention is more likely to undergo elastic deformation, thereby achieving the desired displacement. It can be seen from the SmartPA test curves of the two types of diaphragms that when the same music is played, the diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention has a larger displacement during the vibration process, so that the loudness obtained is greater.
  • FIG. 5 is a test curve of vibration displacement of different parts of a speaker diaphragm at different frequencies according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a test curve of vibration displacement of different parts of a conventional diaphragm at different frequencies.
  • the diaphragm is a rectangular folded ring diaphragm.
  • the abscissa is the frequency (Hz), and the ordinate is the loudness displacement (mm). Take the test at the edge position and the center position of the diaphragm.
  • FIG. 9 is a total harmonic distortion test curve of a speaker diaphragm and a conventional diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the diaphragm is a folded ring diaphragm.
  • the abscissa is frequency (Hz) and the ordinate is total harmonic distortion THD (%).
  • the dotted line is the total harmonic distortion test curve of the speaker diaphragm provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solid line is the total harmonic distortion test curve of the conventional PEEK diaphragm.
  • the speaker diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention has a lower THD (total harmonic distortion) than a PEEK diaphragm, and has no spikes or the like. This shows that the speaker diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention has better anti-polarization capability and better sound quality.
  • FIG. 10 is a test curve (SPL curve) of loudness at different frequencies of a speaker diaphragm and a conventional diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the diaphragm is a folded ring diaphragm.
  • the abscissa is frequency (Hz) and the ordinate is loudness.
  • the dashed line is a test curve of the speaker diaphragm provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solid line is the test curve of the conventional PEEK diaphragm.
  • the SPL curve shows that the intermediate frequency performance of the two speaker diaphragms is similar.
  • the F 0 of the loudspeaker using the diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention is 815 Hz
  • the F 0 of the loudspeaker using the PEEK diaphragm is 860 Hz
  • d in FIG. 10 shows that the low-frequency sensitivity of the speaker diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention is higher than that of the PEEK diaphragm. That is, the speaker using the speaker diaphragm of the embodiment of the present invention has higher loudness and comfort.
  • a speaker includes a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system that cooperates with the vibration system.
  • the vibration system includes a speaker diaphragm provided by the present invention.
  • the diaphragm is a folded ring diaphragm or a flat diaphragm.
  • the speaker has the characteristics of good sound effect and good durability.
  • F 0 of the speaker is proportional to the Young's modulus and thickness, may be implemented in 0 F changes by changing the thickness and Young's modulus of the speaker diaphragm, the specific adjustment works as follows:
  • Mms is the equivalent vibration mass of the speaker
  • Cms is the equivalent compliance of the speaker
  • Cms1 is the elastic wave compliance
  • Cms2 is the diaphragm compliance
  • the equivalent compliance of the speaker is the diaphragm compliance:
  • W is the total width of the folded ring portion of the diaphragm
  • t is the thickness of the diaphragm
  • dvc is the outer diameter of the diaphragm voice coil fit
  • E is the Young's modulus of the diaphragm material
  • u is the Poisson ratio of the diaphragm material .
  • the speaker's F 0 is proportional to the modulus and thickness.
  • the diaphragm should have sufficient rigidity and damping.
  • Those skilled in the art can adjust the size of F 0 by adjusting the Young's modulus and thickness of the speaker diaphragm.
  • the Young's modulus is 5-600 MPa.
  • the thickness of the speaker diaphragm is 10-100 ⁇ m. This allows the speaker to achieve 150-1500Hz 0 F's.
  • the speaker has excellent low-frequency performance.
  • the amplitude of the loudspeaker diaphragm is 0.25mm-1.0mm.
  • the "amplitude" described in this embodiment refers to the maximum value of the unidirectional deviation of the diaphragm from the equilibrium position.
  • the speaker diaphragm containing the thermoplastic polyester elastomer film layer still has a good listening effect in this vibration range.
  • the amplitude of engineering plastic film, such as PEEK film usually cannot reach the above range, and even if it can reach the above range, it can not achieve a good listening effect.
  • the amplitude of the speaker diaphragm is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm. This range enables the vibration system to achieve a better listening effect and has sufficient vibration space margin.

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Abstract

一种扬声器振膜以及扬声器。该扬声器振膜包括热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层（11），其中，热塑性聚酯弹性体为聚酯硬段A与聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B组成的共聚物，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层（11）的玻璃化转变温度≤20℃，热可塑性温度为50℃-200℃。该热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的采用，使得扬声器振膜具有良好的柔韧性，并且可靠性高、耐用性好，提升了扬声器的抗破坏能力。

Description

扬声器振膜以及扬声器 技术领域
本发明涉及电声转换技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种扬声器振膜以及扬声器。
背景技术
现有扬声器振膜多采用高模量的塑料膜层(PEEK、PAR、PEI、PI等)、柔软的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)以及阻尼胶膜(丙烯酸胶、硅胶等)复合的结构。但是，上述振膜的综合性能较差，容易造成听音不良。
随着高功率化、防水以及高音质要求的提高，硅橡胶材质的振膜在扬声器领域也得到了应用。然而，硅橡胶的模量或硬度相对较低，在满足相同F 0要求的前提下，振膜厚度较厚，一方面振动空间的余量变小，另一方面振动系统的质量较重，造成灵敏度较低。
因此，需要提供一种新的技术方案，以解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种扬声器振膜的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一个方面，提供了一种扬声器振膜。该扬声器振膜包括热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层,其中，热塑性聚酯弹性体为聚酯硬段A与聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B组成的共聚物，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的玻璃化转变温度≤20℃，热可塑性温度为50℃-200℃。
可选地，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％。
可选地，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的断裂伸长率≥300％。
可选地，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的杨氏模量为1-1000MPa。
可选地，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体损耗因子≥0.015。
可选地，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的厚度为5-40μm。
可选地，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的玻璃化转变温度为-90℃-0℃。
可选地，热塑性聚酯弹性体为由聚酯硬段A与聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B组成的共聚物，所述聚酯硬段A的质量百分数为10-95％，所述聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的相对分子质量为600-6000。
可选地，所述聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的材料选自脂肪族聚酯、聚四氢呋喃醚、聚苯醚和聚环氧乙烷中的一种或多种，所述聚酯硬段A的材料为二元酸与二元醇的聚合物，其中，二元酸选自对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸和联苯二甲酸中的一种或多种，二元醇选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇中的一种或多种。
可选地，所述聚酯硬段A能够结晶，并且所述聚酯硬段A材料的平均聚合度≥2，所述聚酯硬段A熔融温度≥150℃。
可选地，包括复合在一起的两个表层和位于两个表层之间的至少一个中间层，至少一个所述表层为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层，至少一个中间层为胶黏剂层。
可选地，所述扬声器振膜呈三层结构，包括一个所述中间层，两个所述表层均为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层。
可选地，所述扬声器振膜包括两个所述中间层，两个所述表层均为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层，两个所述中间层为不同材料的胶黏剂层。
可选地，所述扬声器振膜包括三个所述中间层，其中，两个所述中间层为胶黏剂层，另外一个中间层为所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层位于两个所述胶黏剂层之间；或者
三个所述中间层均为胶黏剂层。
根据本发明的第二个方面，提供了一种扬声器。该扬声器包括振动系统和与所述振动系统相互配合的磁路系统，所述振动系统包括上述的扬声器振膜。
根据本发明公开的一个实施例，该扬声器振膜的结构强度高，不易破损，并且韧性回弹性能良好，发声效果良好。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1A是常规振膜的SmartPA(智能功放)测试曲线。
图1B是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜的SmartPA测试曲线。
图2-4是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜的剖视图。
图5是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。
图6是常规振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。
图7是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜的剖视图。
图8是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与PEEK振膜的应力应变曲线。
图9是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与常规振膜的谐波失真测试曲线。
图10是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与常规振膜的不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)。
附图标记说明：
11：热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层；12：胶黏剂层；12a,另一个胶黏剂层；13：中心部；14：FPCB；16：连接部；17：折环部。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种扬声器振膜。该振膜可以是单层结构或者是由多个膜层的复合而成的复合结构。
该振膜包括热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层。热塑性聚酯弹性体为由聚酯硬段A与聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B组成的共聚物。
具体地，聚酯材料与聚醚或者脂肪族聚酯材料在设定的催化剂作用下，通过酯交换反应生成共聚物。共聚物是将两种或两种以上性质不同的聚合物链段连在一起，制备而成的一种聚合物。由于共聚物的各组分间固有的不相容性，在纳米尺度上自组装成有序纳米结构，形成的微相相分离，表现出兼具不同聚合物链段的性能的特性。
例如，用于制作振膜的共聚物原料为颗粒状，粉状等。在制作振膜的时候，原料经加热形成流体。流体通过注塑成型、流延成型等方式形成膜层。
其中，聚酯硬段A具有较高的硬度，起到结构支撑的作用，这使得热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层具有足够的刚度。聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B具有较强的流动性，为膜层提供顺性，使得热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的回弹性能良好，并且热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的热可塑性温度低，例如能达到50℃-200℃，扬声器振膜的成型温度低，加工制作更容易。
聚酯硬段A的质量分数越高，则形成的扬声器振膜的硬度越高，但扬声器振膜的脆性增加，容易破损；聚酯硬段A的质量分数越低，则聚酯硬段A无法形成结晶，造成热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层质地软，硬度低，扬声器振膜的韧性和回弹性变差。
在一个例子中，聚酯硬段A的材料的质量百分数为10-95％，即，聚酯硬段A材料的用量占反应物总质量聚酯硬段A材料和脂肪族聚酯软段B材 料总质量的百分数。该范围使得扬声器振膜能够兼具硬度、韧性以及回弹性能。
优选地，聚酯硬段A的材料的质量百分数为30-90％，该范围内扬声器振膜的厚度能够做的更薄，硬度、韧性、回弹性能更加优良。
可选地，聚酯硬段A的材料为二元酸与二元醇的聚合物。二元酸与二元醇在设定反应条件下发生聚合反应形成聚酯硬段A。该聚合物容易与聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的材料发生反应，从而形成热塑性弹性体聚合物。
例如,二元酸选自对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸和联苯二甲酸中的一种或多种。上述二元酸与二元醇反应的速度快，转化率高。
例如，二元醇选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇中的一种或多种。上述二元醇与二元酸反应的速度快，转化率高。
当然，二元酸、二元醇的种类不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。
在该例子中，聚酯硬段A能够结晶，并且聚酯硬段A的平均聚合度≥2。该平均聚合度下，聚酯硬段A具有良好的结晶性能，使得扬声器振膜的刚度高，结构强度高，耐用性良好。
在一个例子中，聚酯硬段A熔融温度≥150℃。熔融温度是指材料由固相转变为液相的温度。聚酯硬段A的熔融温度对热塑性聚酯弹性体的熔融温度起决定作用。该熔融温度越高则热塑性聚酯弹性体的使用温度范围更宽。该熔融温度范围使得扬声器振膜的应用温度范围更宽，在较高温度的工作环境下能够正常工作。
可选地，聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的材料选自脂肪族聚酯、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷，聚四氢呋喃醚、聚苯醚中的一种或多种。这使得热塑性聚酯弹性体具有优良的流动性，使扬声器振膜的顺性良好，柔韧性良好。
此外，上述材料容易与聚酯硬段A的材料聚合，从而使得扬声器振膜的加工变得容易。
可选地，聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的材料的相对分子质量为600-6000。聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的相对分子质量越低，则表明其被聚酯硬段A分散的越严重，振膜表现出了较高的脆性，振膜的韧性和回弹性 差；聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的相对分子质量越高，则硬度越高，其性质越来越接近于聚酯硬段A，这使得扬声器振膜的弹性变差，断链伸长率越小。该相对分子质量范围使得扬声器振膜兼具足够的刚度以及韧性，并且拉伸强度以及断链伸长率较高。
在一个例子中，热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的厚度为5-70um。热塑性聚酯弹性体的厚度越小，则扬声器振膜的刚度不足，在振动过程中容易发生偏振；反之，厚度太大则形成的振动系统的振动空间余量变小，同时振动系统的质量增加，形成的振动系统的灵敏度变差。该厚度范围使得扬声器振膜兼具较高的刚度以及灵敏度，并且使振动系统的振动空间余量变大。
进一步地，热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的厚度为5-40μm。该厚度范围使得扬声器振膜的灵敏度更高，同样地驱动功率振膜的振幅大，响度大，并且使振动系统的振动空间余量更大。
热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层在扬声器振膜中除提供刚度外，还可以提供一部分阻尼性能。这是由于热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层由聚酯硬段A和聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B组成，在室温下聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的分子链段可以运动，但聚酯硬段A的存在分子链段运动受到的摩擦阻尼大，从而表现出良好的阻尼特性。
损耗因子能够表征材料的阻尼性大小，热塑性聚酯弹性膜层的损耗因子≥0.015。这表明扬声器振膜的阻尼性提高，振动系统在振动过程中可抑制偏振现象的能力强，振动一致性良好。而常用的工程塑料膜层的阻尼低，其损耗因子一般小于0.01，阻尼性较小。
相对于工程塑料，热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层使得扬声器振膜具有较宽的弹性区域，并且具有良好的回弹性。在一个例子中，热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％。由于扬声器振膜的回弹性良好，故使得扬声器具有较好的瞬态响应和较低的失真。
常用的工程塑料振膜，例如PEEK等的屈服点在5％左右，而热塑性聚酯弹性体由于室温下即处于高弹态，故具有良好的回弹性，受力时材料不会发生明显屈服，无屈服点或屈服点＞10％。
图8是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与PEEK振膜的应力应 变曲线。
其中，虚线为本发明实施例提供的扬声器振膜的应力应变曲线；实线为PEEK振膜的应力应变曲线。
由图8可以看出，在相同的应力下，本发明实施例提供的扬声器振膜的应变明显大于PEEK振膜。这表明，本发明实施例提供的扬声器振膜的杨氏模量明显小于PEEK振膜。
此外，PEEK振膜形成了明显的屈服点，约在应变0.4-0.5％。而本发明提供的扬声器振膜没有出现明显的屈服点。屈服发生的应变＞10％。这表明，本发明提供的扬声器振膜具有更宽的弹性区域，并且回弹性能优良。
热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层使得扬声器振膜具有良好的柔韧性，例如，断裂伸长率≥300％。聚酯硬段A和聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的材料对断裂伸长率有重要影响,本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。这使得扬声器振膜的振动位移更大，响度更大。并且可靠性、耐用性良好。材料的柔韧性越好，断裂伸长率越大，则扬声器振膜抵抗破坏的能力越强。扬声器振膜处于大振幅状态振动时，材料产生了较大的应变，长时间振动时会出现膜折、膜裂或破膜的风险。以热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层为基材的扬声器振膜，具有良好的柔韧性，降低了振膜破坏的风险。
通过调整聚酯硬段A和聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B材料的比例可以调节热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的玻璃化转变温度。例如，聚酯硬段A的质量百分数为10-95％。这使得热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的玻璃化转变温度≤20℃。该玻璃化转变温度使得该扬声器振膜在常温下能够保持高弹态，回弹性良好。
优选地，热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的玻璃化转变温度为-90℃-0℃。该这使得在低于0℃时，扬声器振膜工作时可以一直保持较好的橡胶弹性，从而扬声器表现出较高的音质。同时，降低了在低温环境中扬声器振膜破坏的风险，可靠性更高。
本发明实施例的扬声器振膜能够满足扬声器对高、低温环境使用的需求。低温性能较常规的振膜，例如PEEK振膜突出。在低温环境下使用，本发明实施例的振膜仍具有良好的强度和韧性，长时间低温环境振动破膜风险低。
在一个例子中，热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的杨氏模量为1-1000MPa。在其他条件一定的情况下，杨氏模量与扬声器的F 0(谐振频率)成正比。热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层使得扬声器的杨氏模量较低，从而获得更低的F 0，从而提高了扬声器的低频效果。
该扬声器振膜的杨氏模量低，热可塑性良好这使得扬声器振膜能够做的很薄，降低了扬声器振膜的质量，提高了振动空间的余量，提升了灵敏度，并使得扬声器的F 0更低。
该扬声器振膜的弹性区域更宽，回弹性能优良。
进一步地，热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的杨氏模量为2-700MPa。这样，能进一步降低扬声器的F 0。本领域技术人员可以根据不同扬声器振膜的发声要求，调整聚酯硬段A材料和聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B材料的种类、比例等，以达到合适的杨氏模量。
在一个例子中，扬声器振膜为复合结构。复合结构包括复合在一起的两个表层和位于两个表层之间的至少一个中间层。至少一个表层为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层，至少一个中间层为胶黏剂层。
胶黏剂层提供扬声器振膜所需的阻尼性以及粘结性。胶黏剂层可以直接与热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层粘结在一起，从而形成复合结构。这使得扬声器振膜的制作十分容易。
损耗因子能够体现阻尼性的大小。在一个例子中,胶黏剂层的损耗因子≥0.1。该胶黏剂层能够有效抑制针形系统在振动时的偏振，使得振动一致性变优，从而提高了听音效果。
在一个例子中，胶黏剂层与热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的粘着力大于100g/25mm(180°剥离)。粘结力高使得胶黏剂层的上、下膜层在振动过程中的协调一致性良好，音质纯正，且在长时间振动后扬声器振膜仍然保持初始状态，性能稳定性高。
可选地，胶黏剂层选自丙烯酸脂类胶黏剂、有机硅胶黏剂和聚氨酯胶黏剂中的一种或多种。上述胶黏剂的粘结力和阻尼性能良好。本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。
在该例子中，胶黏剂层的厚度为1-40μm。胶黏剂层的粘结力随着胶 层厚度的增加而增大。厚度太小，则粘结力不足，在振动过程中无法有效的保证胶黏剂层上、下的表层的运动的一致性。同时，胶黏剂层提供的阻尼效果也会随着厚度的降低而减小。胶黏剂层的厚度太大，一方面降低了振动空间余量；另一方面扬声器振膜的边缘易出现溢胶等问题，影响制程良率。该厚度范围的胶黏剂层能够兼顾足够的粘结力、优良的阻尼效果以及使振动系统具有充足的振动空间余量。进一步优选地，胶黏剂层的厚度为2-35μm。
优选地，扬声器振膜的厚度为10-100μm。该厚度范围使振动系统具有充足的振动空间余量，并且有利于扬声器的轻薄化、小型化设计。
在一个例子中，如图2所示，扬声器振膜呈三层结构，其包括一个中间层。中间层为胶黏剂层12。两个表层均为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层11。该扬声器振膜的刚度强，阻尼效果良好。
此外，该扬声器振膜的层数少，可以做得更薄，振动灵敏度更高。
在一个例子中，两个表层均为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层11。这使得扬声器振膜的硬度、韧性、回弹性更好。并且由于振膜的两个表层的材质均一，故使得振膜的耐用性更加优良。
在一个例子中，扬声器振膜包括两个中间层。两个表层均为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层11。其中，两个中间层为不同材料的胶黏剂层12，12a，如图3所示。
该扬声器振膜的刚度强，阻尼效果良好。
在一个例子中，扬声器振膜包括三个中间层。两个表层均为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层11。如图4所示，两个中间层为胶黏剂层12，另外一个中间层为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层11，热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层11位于两个胶黏剂层12之间。热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层11和胶黏剂层12相互交替排列。
三个中间层均为胶黏剂层12。
该扬声器振膜的刚度强，阻尼效果良好，回弹性良好。
可选地，多个热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的杨氏模量可以相同或者不同。其中，杨氏模量相同时，各个热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的振动一致性更好。杨氏模量不同时，可以通过调节杨氏模量来调配扬声器振膜上、下振动的 难易程度，使振动平衡性得到优化。
另外，多个热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层、胶黏剂层的损耗因子、厚度等可以相同或者不同。本领域技术人员通过调节上述参数来调节扬声器振膜的刚性、阻尼特性、顺性、回弹性等。
优选地，两个表层的厚度相同，这使得扬声器振膜的均一性良好，并且不容易卷曲、褶皱。
热塑性聚酯弹性体模层与胶黏剂层复合时，形成的扬声器振膜的杨氏模量会发生相应地变化。胶黏剂层的杨氏模量较小，会降低扬声器振膜的杨氏模量。例如，热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的杨氏模量为1-1000MPa，复合而成的扬声器振膜的杨氏模量为5-600MPa。
在其他示例中，两个表层中的一个为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层，另一个为其他材料膜层，例如硅橡胶层、工程塑料层等。通过胶黏剂层将多个膜层粘结在一起。这种方式，扬声器振膜同样具备良好的物理和声学性能。
在一个例子中，如图7所示，扬声器振膜为折环振膜，其包括折环部17、由折环部17的内边向内延伸形成的中心部13和由折环部17的外边向外延伸形成的连接部16。例如，在中心部13设置补强层，能够提高扬声器振膜的结构强度，降低扬声器振膜的分割振动。音圈的一端与中心部13连接。连接部16用于与扬声器的外壳连接。折环部17的厚度被配置为由顶点处向靠近中心部13和连接部16的部位逐渐增加。
顶点即折环部17沿径向的剖面的最高点或最低点。通过这种方式，由于顶点附近的厚度较小，故扬声器振膜的振动灵敏度更高。由于靠近中心部13和连接部16的部位的厚度较大，故能够提高振膜的结构强度。
在一个例子中，如图7所示，补强层为FPCB14。FPCB14嵌设在中心部13。FPCB14包括导电金属层以及覆盖在导电金属层上、下两侧的绝缘层。导电金属层使得FPCB14具有较高的强度，绝缘层使得FPCB14具有较强的韧性。FPCB14能够有效地降低扬声器振膜的分割振动。
此外，音圈的出线端和入线端与FPCB14连接，通过FPCB14与外部电路导通。这种方式使得音圈的电连接更容易，可靠性高。
图1A是常规振膜的SmartPA(智能功放)测试曲线。图1B是根据本 发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜的SmartPA测试曲线。
其中，横坐标为测试时间(s),纵坐标为位移(mm)。
需要说明的是,在本发明实施例中,常规振膜的结构与本发明实施例中振膜的结构相同,其材质与本发明实施例中振膜的材质不同。例如,常规振膜与本发明实施例中的振膜均为三层结构，常规振膜包括两个PEEK表层和位于两个表层之间的胶黏剂层。本发明实施例的振膜也为三层结构，包括两个热塑性聚酯弹性体表层和位于两个表层之间的胶黏剂层。两种振膜对应胶黏剂层的厚度相同，结构相同。与两种振膜连接的音圈和磁路系统相同。下面实施例中进行对比的常规振膜结构和本发明振膜结构均采用与本实施例相同结构，不再累述。
当音频电信号输入扬声器时，根据F＝BIL可知，音圈和磁路系统的设计固定时(BL值固定)，音圈受到电磁场的作用力相同，故振膜所受的来自音圈的驱动力相同。
但由于PEEK的杨氏模量远大于本发明实施例的振膜的杨氏模量，故相同受力时，本发明实施例的振膜更易发生弹性变形，从而达到期望的位移。由两种振膜的SmartPA测试曲线可以看出，在播放相同音乐时，本发明实施例的振膜在振动过程中具有更大的位移，从而获得的响度也越大。
图5是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。图6是常规振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。
其中，振膜为矩形折环振膜。横坐标为频率(Hz),纵坐标为响度位移量(mm)。在振膜的中心部的边缘位置以及中心位置取点进行测试。
可以看出，图5中的各个曲线更集中，而图6中的各个曲线较为分散。这表明，本发明实施例的扬声器振膜的各个部分的振动一致性更好，在振动过程中，振膜的摇摆真的少，音质和听音稳定性更加优良。
图9是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与常规振膜的总谐波失真测试曲线。振膜为折环振膜。横坐标为频率(Hz),纵坐标为总谐波失真THD(％)。
其中，虚线为本发明实施例提供的扬声器振膜的总谐波失真测试曲 线。实线为常规的PEEK振膜的总谐波失真测试曲线。
由图9可以看出，本发明实施例的扬声器振膜相对于PEEK振膜具有更低的THD(总谐波失真)，并且无尖峰等。这表明，本发明实施例的扬声器振膜具有更优的抗偏振能力，并且音质更佳。
图10是根据本发明的一个实施例的扬声器振膜与常规振膜的不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)。振膜为折环振膜。横坐标为频率(Hz),纵坐标为响度。
其中，虚线为本发明实施例提供的扬声器振膜的测试曲线。实线为常规的PEEK振膜的测试曲线。
由图10可以看出，由SPL曲线可以看出，两个扬声器振膜中频性能相近。而采用本发明实施例的振膜的扬声器的F 0为815Hz，图10中c处，采用PEEK振膜的扬声器的F 0为860Hz，图10中d处。这表明，本发明实施例的扬声器振膜的低频灵敏度高于PEEK振膜。也就是说，采用本发明实施例的扬声器振膜的扬声器具有更高的响度和舒适度。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，提供了一种扬声器。该扬声器包括振动系统和与振动系统相互配合的磁路系统。振动系统包括本发明提供的扬声器振膜。例如，振膜为折环振膜或者平板振膜。该扬声器具有发声效果好，耐用性良好的特点。
该扬声器的F 0正比于杨氏模量和厚度，可以通过改变扬声器振膜的厚度以及杨氏模量来实现F 0的变化，具体调节原理如下：
Figure PCTCN2018110165-appb-000001
其中Mms为扬声器的等效振动质量，Cms为扬声器的等效顺性：
Figure PCTCN2018110165-appb-000002
其中，Cms1为弹波顺性,Cms2为振膜顺性。无弹波设计时，扬声器的等效顺性即为振膜顺性：
Figure PCTCN2018110165-appb-000003
其中W为振膜的折环部的总宽度，t为膜片厚度；dvc为振膜音圈贴合外径；E为振膜材质的杨氏模量；u为振膜材质的泊松比。
可见，扬声器的F 0正比于模量和厚度。为得到饱满的低音和舒适的听感，在扬声器具有较低的F 0的同时，应使振膜具有足够的刚度和阻尼。本领域技术人员可以通过调节扬声器振膜的杨氏模量以及厚度来调节F 0的大小。优选地，杨氏模量为5-600MPa。扬声器振膜的厚度为10-100μm。这使得扬声器的F 0的能够达到150-1500Hz。扬声器的低频性能优良。
优选地，扬声器振膜的振幅为0.25mm-1.0mm，本实施例中描述的“振幅”是指振膜偏离平衡位置单向的最大值。含有热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的扬声器振膜在该振动范围内的听音效果依然良好。而工程塑料膜，例如PEEK膜的振幅通常无法达到上述范围，即使能够达到上述范围也无法达到良好的听音效果。
进一步地，扬声器振膜的振幅为0.4mm-0.6mm。该范围使得振动系统能够实现更加良好的听音效果，并且具有足够的振动空间余量。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种扬声器振膜，其特征在于，包括热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层,其中，热塑性聚酯弹性体为聚酯硬段A与聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B组成的共聚物，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的玻璃化转变温度≤20℃，热可塑性温度为50℃-200℃。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的断裂伸长率≥300％。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的杨氏模量为1-1000MPa。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体损耗因子≥0.015。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的厚度为5-40μm。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层的玻璃化转变温度为-90℃-0℃。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，热塑性聚酯弹性体为由聚酯硬段A与聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B组成的共聚物，所述聚酯硬段A的质量百分数为10-95％，所述聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的相对分子质量为600-6000。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述聚醚或脂肪族聚酯软段B的材料选自脂肪族聚酯、聚四氢呋喃醚、聚苯醚和聚环氧乙烷中的一种或多种，所述聚酯硬段A的材料为二元酸与二元醇的聚合物，其中，二元酸选自对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸和联苯二甲酸中的一种或多种，二元醇选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的扬声器振膜，其特征在于，所述聚酯硬段A能够结晶，并且所述聚酯硬段A材料的平均聚合度≥2，所述聚酯硬段A熔融温度≥150℃。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的扬声器振膜,其特征在于,包括复合在一起的两个表层和位于两个表层之间的至少一个中间层，至少一个所述表层为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层，至少一个中间层为胶黏剂层。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的扬声器振膜,其特征在于,所述扬声器振膜呈三层结构，包括一个所述中间层，两个所述表层均为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的扬声器振膜,其特征在于,所述扬声器振膜包括两个所述中间层，两个所述表层均为热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层，两个所述中间层为不同材料的胶黏剂层。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的扬声器振膜,其特征在于,所述扬声器振膜包括三个所述中间层，其中，两个所述中间层为胶黏剂层，另外一个中间层为所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层，所述热塑性聚酯弹性体膜层位于两个所述胶黏剂层之间；或者
    三个所述中间层均为胶黏剂层。
  15. 一种扬声器，其特征在于,包括振动系统和与所述振动系统相互配合的磁路系统，所述振动系统包括如权利要求1-14中的任意一项所述的扬声器振膜。
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