WO2019198147A1 - チタン合金およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
チタン合金およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019198147A1 WO2019198147A1 PCT/JP2018/015065 JP2018015065W WO2019198147A1 WO 2019198147 A1 WO2019198147 A1 WO 2019198147A1 JP 2018015065 W JP2018015065 W JP 2018015065W WO 2019198147 A1 WO2019198147 A1 WO 2019198147A1
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- titanium alloy
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 38
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 38
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a titanium alloy and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Industrial pure titanium exhibits excellent corrosion resistance even in seawater that is corroded by general-purpose stainless steel such as SUS304. Utilizing this high corrosion resistance, it is used in seawater desalination plants.
- materials for chemical plants may be used in environments that are more corrosive than seawater such as hydrochloric acid. Under such circumstances, industrial pure titanium also corrodes significantly.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an alloy to which a platinum group element such as Pd is added.
- Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 1 disclose alloys in which intermetallic compounds are precipitated in addition to the addition of platinum group elements.
- titanium alloys use rare elements such as Pd, the material cost is improved. Therefore, there is a problem of improving the corrosion resistance of titanium without using an expensive rare element. Accordingly, various proposals have been made regarding titanium alloys that use general-purpose elements without using rare elements.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an invention in which Ti is used to improve the corrosion resistance and strength of Ti.
- the titanium alloy described in Patent Document 3 has a problem in workability because TiC is precipitated, which causes a problem when actually applied to a heat exchanger or a plant member.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a titanium alloy having improved corrosion resistance while maintaining high workability by adding C instead of a rare element.
- a titanium alloy added with 0.10 to 0.30% C is heat-treated at 750 to 820 ° C. and cooled at a rate of 0.001 ° C./sec or more.
- the present inventors have found that the surface texture can be made into an ⁇ single phase, and the corrosion resistance can be improved while maintaining excellent workability.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) By mass%, C: 0.10 to 0.30%, N: 0.001 to 0.03%, S: 0.001 to 0.03%, P: 0.001 to 0.03% , Si: 0.001 to 0.10%, Fe: 0.01 to 0.3%, H: 0.015% or less, O: 0.25% or less, the balance being Ti and inevitable impurities , Titanium alloy whose surface structure is ⁇ single phase.
- a method for producing a titanium alloy comprising subjecting a titanium alloy to a finish heat treatment at 750 to 820 ° C. and cooling at a rate of 0.001 ° C./sec or more.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a titanium alloy having good corrosion resistance while maintaining high workability. Specifically, when a titanium alloy having the composition range of the present invention is produced by the production method of the present invention, the surface structure becomes an ⁇ single phase, and both workability and corrosion resistance are improved.
- the titanium alloy of the present invention has C: 0.10 to 0.30%, N: 0.001 to 0.03%, S: 0.001 to 0.03%, P: 0.001 to 0.03% , Si: 0.001 to 0.10%, Fe: 0.01 to 0.3%, H: 0.015% or less (including 0%), O: 0.25% or less (including 0%)
- the balance is Ti and inevitable impurities. In the following description, all contents indicated by “%” indicate “% by mass”.
- ⁇ C 0.10 to 0.30%> C plays an important role in improving the corrosion resistance in the present invention.
- the corrosion rate decreases and the corrosion resistance improves (FIG. 1).
- the effect of improving corrosion resistance due to the C content is remarkably exhibited when the content is 0.10% or more.
- the effect of improving corrosion resistance by adding C is most remarkable when an ⁇ single-phase structure is formed and C exists as an interstitial solid solution element in the ⁇ phase.
- the addition of a large amount of C is not preferable because it promotes the precipitation of TiC which adversely affects workability. Addition of a large amount of C not only adversely affects the workability but also does not sufficiently exhibit the effect of improving corrosion resistance.
- the C content is 0.10 to 0.30%.
- a more preferable lower limit of the content of solid solution C is 0.12%, and a more preferable upper limit of the content of solid solution C is 0.28%.
- the ⁇ phase in which C dissolves as an interstitial solid solution element is the ⁇ phase of the surface texture described later.
- N is an essential element effective for improving the strength, but as its content increases, ductility and toughness deteriorate.
- N is an interstitial solid solution element, like C, which plays an important role in improving corrosion resistance in the present invention. Therefore, there is a possibility that the solid solution content of C is lowered due to the increase of the N content. Therefore, the N content is set to 0.001 to 0.03%. A more preferable upper limit of the N content is 0.025%.
- S is an essential element effective for improving the strength, but as its content increases, ductility and toughness deteriorate. Further, S is an interstitial solid solution element as C plays an important role in improving the corrosion resistance in the present invention. Therefore, there is a possibility that the solid solution content of C is lowered due to the increase of the S content. Therefore, the S content is set to 0.001 to 0.03%. A more preferable upper limit of the S content is 0.025%.
- P is an essential element effective for improving the strength, but the ductility and toughness deteriorate as the content increases. Further, P is an interstitial solid solution element like C that plays an important role in improving the corrosion resistance in the present invention. Therefore, there exists a possibility that the solid solution content of C may fall by the increase in P content. Therefore, the P content is 0.001 to 0.03%. A more preferable upper limit of the P content is 0.025%.
- Si 0.001 to 0.10%>
- Si is a relatively inexpensive element and is an effective element for improving heat resistance (oxidation resistance, high temperature strength).
- heat resistance oxidation resistance, high temperature strength
- the Si content is 0.001 to 0.10%.
- a more preferable lower limit of the Si content is 0.003%, and a more preferable upper limit of the Si content is 0.08%.
- Fe is an element effective for improving the strength, but the ductility and toughness deteriorate as the content increases. Moreover, Fe is a strong ⁇ -stabilizing element among the elements contained in the titanium alloy of the present invention, and when added in a large amount, it becomes difficult to obtain an ⁇ single-phase structure described later. Therefore, the Fe content is set to 0.01 to 0.30%. A more preferable lower limit of the Fe content is 0.03%, and a more preferable upper limit of the Fe content is 0.25%.
- H is an element that forms titanium hydride and degrades the ductility and toughness of the material. Therefore, it is better that the content is small, but an increase in H is inevitable in the manufacturing process.
- H is an interstitial solid solution element as well as C which plays an important role in improving the corrosion resistance in the present invention. Therefore, there is a possibility that the solid solution content of C is lowered due to the increase of the H content. Therefore, the H content is limited to 0.015% or less.
- high-purity sponge titanium may be used, but if too much high-purity sponge titanium is used, the cost increases.
- H is an impurity element and may be 0%, but H is preferably 0.001% or more from the viewpoint of cost. A more preferable upper limit of the H content is 0.005%.
- O is an essential element effective for improving the strength, but the ductility and toughness deteriorate as the content increases.
- O is an interstitial solid solution element as C plays an important role in improving the corrosion resistance in the present invention. Therefore, there is a possibility that the solid solution content of C decreases due to an increase in the O content. Therefore, the O content is 0.25% or less.
- high-purity sponge titanium may be used, but if too much high-purity sponge titanium is used, the cost increases.
- O is an impurity element and may be 0%. From the viewpoint of cost, O is preferably 0.01% or more. A more preferable upper limit of the O content is 0.20%.
- ⁇ Surface is ⁇ single phase>
- the surface layer is ⁇ single phase means that the surface layer structure is ⁇ phase and the intensity of the X-ray diffraction peak of TiC is 10% or less compared to the background intensity.
- the surface layer is a range from the surface to a depth of 5 ⁇ m.
- the ⁇ phase does not include the ⁇ ′ phase or the acicular ⁇ phase.
- FIG. 3 shows the state of the surface of the titanium alloy manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- the ⁇ phase is composed of a hexagonal close packed structure, and has a different crystal structure and grain boundary distribution from the ⁇ ′ phase and the acicular ⁇ phase formed by transformation from the ⁇ phase.
- C atoms dissolved in the ⁇ phase are likely to exist as interstitial solid solution elements between Ti atoms, and the corrosion resistance can be improved by acting on the electronic state existing around the Ti nucleus to suppress the anode reaction.
- An anode reaction refers to a reaction in which a metal corrodes and becomes ionized. When the metal is ionized, it is necessary to dissociate the electrons from the Ti nucleus, and by dissolving C in the ⁇ phase, it is difficult for the electrons to dissociate and the corrosion resistance is improved.
- the ⁇ ′ phase is not a close-packed structure, and the acicular ⁇ phase is largely affected by segregation at the grain boundaries, so that a sufficient corrosion resistance improvement effect cannot be obtained compared to the ⁇ phase.
- TiC is a hard compound and significantly deteriorates the workability of the material.
- the carbon of the titanium alloy of the present invention is almost solid-solved and TiC hardly precipitates, the workability is not deteriorated.
- the heat treatment temperature is 750 to 820 ° C.
- the holding time is no particular limitation on the holding time in this temperature range, and holding for 1 sec or longer, preferably 30 sec or longer is sufficient.
- FIG. 4 shows a surface layer of a titanium alloy manufactured by a conventional method in which heat treatment is performed outside this temperature range. In the surface layer, island-like TiC precipitates are generated (FIG. 4). TiC is a hard compound and significantly deteriorates the workability of the material. Therefore, the workability of the titanium alloy manufactured by the conventional method is deteriorated.
- the cooling rate of the present invention is 0.001 ° C./sec or more, preferably 1 ° C./sec or more. A higher cooling rate can suppress the precipitation of TiC. However, an excessively high cooling rate adversely affects the shape maintenance of the titanium plate, so the upper limit is set to 2000 ° C./sec.
- the manufacturing method of the titanium alloy of this invention is demonstrated.
- the titanium alloy of the present invention as with normal industrial pure titanium, may be used at any time between each process such as casting ⁇ bullet rolling (or hot forging) ⁇ hot rolling ⁇ annealing ( ⁇ cold rolling ⁇ final annealing). By using blasting, pickling treatment, etc., it can be produced without using any special method.
- the step of parentheses ⁇ cold rolling ⁇ final annealing
- Titanium ingots having respective component compositions shown in Table 1 were cast in a vacuum arc melting furnace using a melting raw material containing sponge titanium and a predetermined additive element.
- the additive elements Fe was added with electrolytic iron, and C was added with TiC powder.
- Al, V, Cr, Ru, Pd, Ni, and Co are not intentionally added elements, and the values in the table indicate that the content of each of the above elements is at an impurity level. Is.
- test piece for corrosion resistance evaluation is produced by pickling and machining. did. Then, vacuum annealing was implemented at each temperature shown in Table 2, and corrosion resistance was evaluated.
- the surface texture was identified by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and microstructure observation.
- the X-ray diffraction conditions were CoK ⁇ rays as characteristic X-rays, a voltage of 30 kV, and a current of 100 mA.
- the range of X-ray diffraction was 10 ° ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 110 °, the step was 0.04 °, the integration time was 2 s, and the X-ray incident angle was 0.3 °.
- the corrosion resistance was evaluated based on the calculated corrosion rate by immersing the test piece at 90 ° C. in a 3 mass% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution for 168 hours and comparing the weight before and after the immersion. The case where the corrosion rate was 2 mm / year or less was regarded as acceptable. Table 2 shows the results of the corrosion resistance evaluation test.
- the workability was evaluated by the tensile test by the method described in JIS Z 2241 and the elongation. The measurement of elongation was performed by an extensometer, and the case where the total elongation was 40% or more was regarded as acceptable.
- No. 10 to 16 are material components such as carbon within the scope of the present invention, but the heat treatment temperature or cooling rate is outside the scope of the present invention, so the surface texture does not become ⁇ single phase and the corrosion rate is greatly satisfied.
- No elongation was shown. No. Since 14, 16, 18, and 20 had a slow cooling rate, TiC precipitated during the cooling process. No. In elements 17 to 24, elements such as S, P, Si and the like that lower the solid solubility limit of C are added beyond the range of the present invention. Further, the corrosion resistance was not improved, and TiC was precipitated, so that the elongation was low. Nos. 1 and 5 showed almost no discoloration or the like in the outdoor environment, whereas Nos. 23 and 24 had a brown surface in the outdoor environment.
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Abstract
Description
(1)質量%で、C :0.10~0.30%、N :0.001~0.03%、S :0.001~0.03%、P :0.001~0.03%、Si:0.001~0.10%、Fe:0.01~0.3%、H :0.015%以下、O :0.25%以下であり、残部がTi及び不可避的不純物であり、表面組織がα単相であるチタン合金。
本発明のチタン合金は、C:0.10~0.30%、N:0.001~0.03%、S:0.001~0.03%、P:0.001~0.03%、Si:0.001~0.10%、Fe:0.01~0.3%、H:0.015%以下(0%を含む)、O:0.25%以下(0%を含む)であり、残部がTi及び不可避的不純物である。なお、以下の説明において「%」で示す含有量は、全て「質量%」を示す。
Cは、本発明において耐食性向上に重要な役割を果たす。Cの含有量増大に伴い腐食速度は低下し、耐食性が向上する(図1)。C含有による耐食性向上効果は0.10%以上の場合に顕著に発現する。一方、後述するように、C添加による耐食性向上効果はα単相組織を形成し、Cがα相に侵入型固溶元素として存在する場合に最も顕著になる。さらに、多量のC添加は加工性に悪影響を及ぼすTiCの析出を促進するため好ましくない。多量のC添加は、加工性に悪影響を及ぼすことに加え、耐食性向上効果を充分には発現しない。よって、Cの含有量は0.10~0.30%とする。なお、より好ましい固溶Cの含有量の下限は0.12%、より好ましい固溶Cの含有量の上限は0.28%である。Cが侵入型固溶元素として固溶するα相は、後述する表面組織のα相である。
Nは強度向上に有効な必須元素であるが、その含有量の増大にしたがい延性及び靭性が劣化する。また、Nは、本発明において耐食性向上に重要な役割を果たすCと同じく、侵入型固溶元素である。そのため、N含有量の増加によりCの固溶含有量が低下するおそれがある。したがって、Nの含有量は0.001~0.03%とする。より好ましいNの含有量の上限は0.025%である。
Sは強度向上に有効な必須元素であるが、その含有量の増大にしたがい延性及び靭性が劣化する。また、Sは、本発明において耐食性向上に重要な役割を果たすCと同じく、侵入型固溶元素である。そのため、S含有量の増加によりCの固溶含有量が低下するおそれがある。したがって、Sの含有量は0.001~0.03%とする。より好ましいSの含有量の上限は0.025%である。
Pは強度向上に有効な必須元素であるが、その含有量の増大にしたがい延性及び靭性が劣化する。また、Pは、本発明において耐食性向上に重要な役割を果たすCと同じく、侵入型固溶元素である。そのため、P含有量の増加によりCの固溶含有量が低下するおそれがある。したがって、Pの含有量は0.001~0.03%とする。より好ましいPの含有量の上限は0.025%である。
Siは比較的安価な元素であり、耐熱性(耐酸化性、高温強度)向上に有効な元素であるが、多量の添加は化合物析出を促し、延性及び靭性を劣化させる。したがって、Siの含有量は0.001~0.10%とする。より好ましいSiの含有量の下限は0.003%、より好ましいSiの含有量の上限は0.08%である。
Feは強度向上に有効な元素であるが、その含有量の増大にしたがい延性及び靭性が劣化する。また、Feは、本発明のチタン合金に含有される元素の中では強力なβ安定化元素であり、多量に添加されると、後述するα単相組織を得にくくなる。したがって、Feの含有量は0.01~0.30%とする。より好ましいFeの含有量の下限は0.03%、より好ましいFeの含有量の上限は0.25%である。
Hは、チタン水素化物を形成し素材の延性及び靭性を劣化させる元素である。そのため含有量は少ない方がよいが、製造工程でHの増加は不可避である。また、Hは本発明において耐食性向上に重要な役割を果たすCと同じく、侵入型固溶元素である。そのため、H含有量の増加によりCの固溶含有量が低下するおそれがある。したがって、Hの含有量は0.015%以下に制限する。また、このような低Hのチタン合金を得る場合は高純度スポンジチタンを用いればよいが、高純度のスポンジチタンを使用しすぎるとコスト増となる。本発明において、Hは不純物元素であり、0%でも良いが、コスト面からHは0.001%以上が好ましい。より好ましいHの含有量の上限は0.005%である。
Oは、強度向上に有効な必須元素であるが、その含有量の増大にしたがい延性及び靭性が劣化する。また、Oは本発明において耐食性向上に重要な役割を果たすCと同じく、侵入型固溶元素である。そのため、O含有量の増加によりCの固溶含有量が低下するおそれがある。したがって、Oの含有量は0.25%以下とする。また、このような低Oのチタン合金を得る場合は高純度スポンジチタンを用いればよいが、高純度のスポンジチタンを使用しすぎるとコスト増となる。本発明において、Oは不純物元素であり、0%でも良い、コスト面からはOは0.01%以上が好ましい。より好ましいOの含有量の上限は0.20%である。
表層がα単相とは、表層の組織がα相であり、TiCのX線回析ピークの強度がバックグラウンドの強度に比較して10%以下であることを意味する。ここで、表層とは、表面から深さ5μmまでの範囲である。α相には、α’相や針状α相は含まれない。図3は、本願発明の製造方法で製造したチタン合金の表面の様子である。
上述した成分組成を満足する素材であっても、熱処理温度によって表層の組織が変化する。そのため発揮される性能も変わってくる。図2に示されるように、800℃付近の熱処理で製造したチタン合金の腐食速度が最も抑制される。したがって、本発明においては、熱処理温度を750~820℃である。この温度域での保持時間については特別な限定はなく、1sec以上、望ましくは30sec以上の時間保持すれば充分である。
熱処理温度が上記の範囲であっても、冷却速度が遅い場合は、冷却過程でTiCが析出するため、表層がαにならない。本発明の冷却速度は、0.001℃/sec以上、好ましくは1℃/sec以上がよい。また、冷却速度は速い方がTiCの析出を抑制できるが、速すぎる冷却速度はチタン板の形状維持に悪影響をもたらすため、上限を2000℃/secとする。
次に、本発明のチタン合金の製造方法について説明する。本発明のチタン合金は、通常の工業用純チタンと同様に、鋳造→分塊圧延(又は熱間鍛造)→熱間圧延→焼鈍(→冷間圧延→最終焼鈍)といった各工程間に、随時ブラスト、酸洗処理を入れること等によって、特に特殊な方法を用いることなく製造することができる。なお、上記工程の説明で、括弧書きの(→冷間圧延→最終焼鈍)という工程は必ずしも必要ではないが、製造するチタンの板厚、形状、大きさなどによって適宜実施する。
No.17~24は、S、P、SiなどCの固溶限を低下させる元素が、本発明の範囲以上に添加されており、本発明の温度や冷却速度を満足してもα単相にならず、耐食性も向上せず、TiCも析出しているために伸びが低かった。
No.1、5は、屋外の環境では変色等がほとんど見られなかったのに対して、No.23、24は、屋外の環境では表面が褐色となった。
Claims (2)
- 質量%で、
C :0.10~0.30%、
N :0.001~0.03%、
S :0.001~0.03%、
P :0.001~0.03%、
Si:0.001~0.10%、
Fe:0.01~0.3%、
H :0.015%以下、
O :0.25%以下
であり、残部がTi及び不可避的不純物であり、表層がα単相であることを特徴とするチタン合金。 - 質量%で、
C :0.10~0.30%、
N :0.001~0.03%、
S :0.001~0.03%、
P :0.001~0.03%、
Si:0.001~0.10%、
Fe:0.01~0.3%、
H :0.015%以下、
O :0.25%以下
であり、残部がTi及び不可避的不純物であるチタン合金に750~820℃で仕上熱処理を施し、0.001℃/sec以上の速度で冷却することを特徴とするチタン合金の製造方法。
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