WO2019147213A1

WO2019147213A1 - Turbine installation

Info

Publication number: WO2019147213A1
Application number: PCT/UA2018/000120
Authority: WO
Inventors: Андрей Павлович ЛИТВИНЕНКО
Original assignee: Андрей Павлович ЛИТВИНЕНКО
Priority date: 2018-01-24
Filing date: 2018-11-02
Publication date: 2019-08-01

Abstract

A turbine installation consists of a turbine (1) linked via a working shaft (9) to an electric generator (8), and a system for actuating the turbine (1). The system for actuating the turbine comprises a fuel-detonation mechanism (2) connected to a system (3) for actuating the detonation mechanism, and a hermetically sealed housing (4) which is in the form of a closed system of pipes and is filled with a working medium (5). The fuel-detonation mechanism (2) is installed at least at the beginning of one working area (6) of the housing (4), while the turbine (1), linked to the corresponding electric generator (8), is installed at the end of the working area. During operation of the turbine installation, the explosive energy actuates the working medium (5), which in turn performs the mechanical work.

Description

Description of the invention

Turbine installation

The invention relates to the energy industry, and more specifically, to turbine installations that convert the kinetic energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy, and can be used as part of power plants, combined heat and power plants, standby power storage facilities, sensitive facilities, portable power plants for private use, etc.

Known gas turbine installation (for example, the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention N ° 2531110, publ. 10/20/2014), which contains a compressor designed to receive and compress the working medium, the combustion chamber, the turbine. The combustion chamber is made with the possibility of receiving compressed working medium from the compressor and with the possibility of burning a mixture of compressed working medium and fuel to form exhaust gas.

The disadvantages of installations of this type include:

.- high manufacturing cost associated with the need to use expensive materials, special technologies and equipment;

- high costs of transportation and installation;

- high costs of building auxiliary infrastructure (for example, the costs of building gas pipelines, industrial premises)

- a significant decrease in efficiency when the unit is operating at incomplete power;

- low efficiency due to the consumption of large amounts of fuel: the greater the volume of fuel, the greater the cost of transporting energy.

The closest to the proposed solution is the turbine installation

(RF patent for the invention N ° 2305789, publ. September 10, 2007), which consists of a turbine connected through a working shaft with an electric generator, and a system for driving a turbine. In this case, the turbine is installed at the outlet of the installation, and the turbine driving system includes a low-pressure compressor at the inlet, an intermediate case between the compressors with a flow distributor, and channels for external and internal circuits. The internal circuit contains a high pressure compressor with a mixer at the outlet. The input channel of the external circuit is connected to the output of the low-pressure compressor, and the output is connected to the outside of the mixer. As the working fluid is used gas or gas mixture. The disadvantages of installations of this type include:

- low efficiency due to the consumption of large amounts of fuel;

- non-portability of the installation;

- increase in the cost of electricity generation due to this method in 5 due to the reduction of mineral reserves, which are a resource for energy and the rising cost of energy.

The proposed solution is based on the task of creating a highly economical mobile turbine installation, expanding the operational capabilities of the installation, and reducing the operation of the installation from external 10 energy sources by creating design possibilities for using the energy of the explosion of the fuel substance.

The task is solved by the fact that in the turbine installation consisting of a turbine connected via a working shaft with an electric generator and a turbine driving system, according to the proposed solution, the driving system of the turbine 15 contains a fuel detonation mechanism connected to the mechanism driving system detonation, and a sealed enclosure, made in the form of a closed system of pipes filled with working fluid, in at least one - - - working area of the enclosure at the beginning of the area a detonation mechanism is installed fuel, and at the end of the region installed turbine connected. with the corresponding 20 electric generator.

In this case, the turbine in the working area can be removed from the detonation mechanism of the fuel by at least 0.5 meters.

At the beginning of each working area of the pressurized enclosure, a tubular guide casing of the fuel detonation mechanism is installed, the end 25 of the guide casing directed toward the turbine, made open, the opposite end of the guide casing is closed, and the detonation mechanism consists of a fuel injector, air injector and ignition element located inside the guide housing from the side of its closed end.

30 In this case, the detonation mechanism actuation system is made in the form of a fuel supply system to the fuel injection unit, an air supply system to the air injection unit, an ignition element ignition system, and an electronic control unit for the operation of these systems.

As the working fluid can be used gas or gas mixture, or 35 liquid, or steam. Explosives can be used as fuel.

As a fuel, substances that form explosive mixtures can be used.

In the proposed turbine installation, the energy of the explosion of the fuel substance drives the working fluid in front of the turbine; the working fluid, bounded by a hermetic housing, performs mechanical work with the rotation of the turbine blades and, through the working shaft, drives an electric generator. Through the use of the proposed design can achieve such advantages:

- improving environmental performance due to the fact that the proposed design can work as a closed-type system, in which much less oxygen is burned than when burning gas, coal, fuel oil, gasoline, and the like;

- mobility and independence from the constant supply of large volumes of fuel makes it possible to place such installations close to electricity consumers, avoids losses associated with the transportation of electricity, the costs associated with the construction and maintenance of power lines;

- mobility of electricity generation during the day (meeting the peak demand for electricity, reducing power at night), thanks to the ability to quickly increase or decrease the capacity of power plants by connecting or disconnecting additional turbine plants operating from detonation of explosives.

The proposed solution is explained by the drawings.

Figure 1 shows the structure of the working area of the turbine installation. A turbine unit may have one, two or more workspaces.

Figure 2 presents the proposed turbine with a housing that contains one workspace.

FIG. 3 shows the proposed turbine installation with a housing that contains two working areas.

FIG. 4 shows the detonation mechanism actuation system, as well as its connection with the fuel detonation mechanism.

The proposed turbine installation consists of a turbine 1 and a system for driving a turbine. The drive system of the turbine 1 contains a detonation fuel mechanism 2 connected to the drive system 3 of the detonation mechanism 2, and a hermetic case 4. A hermetic case 4 made in the form of a closed system of pipes filled with working fluid 5. Depending on objectives and specific design solutions sealed housing 4 may contain one or more working areas 6 (see Fig. 2). As an example, in FIG. 3 shows the proposed turbine installation, in which two working areas 6 are placed in the hermetic case 4.

The housing 4 is equipped with a valve 7 for inlet and outlet of the working fluid 5. As the working fluid can be used gas, or gas mixture, or liquid, or steam. At the beginning of the working area 6, a fuel detonation mechanism 2 is installed, and at the end of the working area 6 a turbine 1 is installed, connected to the corresponding electric generator 8 via the working shaft 9. At the same time, the turbine 1 in each working area 6 is at least 0 from the detonation mechanism 2 5 meters. It was established experimentally that the best conditions for the operation of the proposed design are established if the minimum distance between the detonation mechanism and the turbine is 0.5 meters. Removal of the turbine from the detonation mechanism of the fuel leads to an increase in the volume of the working fluid in front of the turbine. The greater the volume of the working fluid in front of the turbine, the greater the kinetic energy generated by the explosion of the fuel substance, is sent to the turbine blades, and the greater the work done by the working fluid. At the beginning of each working area 6 is installed a tubular guide casing 10 of the fuel knock mechanism 2, with the end 11 of the guide casing 10 directed toward the turbine, made open, and the other end 12 of the guide casing. 10 is closed (see FIG. 4). The detonation mechanism 2 consists of a fuel injector 13, an air injector 14 and an ignition element 15, which are located inside the guide housing 10 with. side of its closed end 12. The actuation system 3 of the detonation mechanism 2 is made in the form of a fuel supply system 16 to the fuel injection unit 13, an air supply system 17 to the air injection component 14, an ignition system 18 of the ignition element 15 and an electronic control unit 19 for the operation of the systems.

The ignition system 18 is represented by an electronic (microprocessor) ignition system. In a specific embodiment, the fuel injector 13 and the air injector 14 can be made in the form of electric nozzles, and the ignition element 15 - in the form of a spark plug.

The fuel supply system 16 can be made in the form of a fuel tank 20 with a high-pressure fuel pump 21 connected via fuel lines 22 to a fuel injector 13. The air supply system 17 is made in the form of a compressor, which is connected via air ducts 23 to an air injector 14. The ignition system 18 can be made in the form of a battery 24 and the ignition coil 25, which are interconnected and connected to the ignition element 15 by means of electrical wires 26.

The fuel supply system can also be made in the form of an aerosol generator (with a fuel tank), which is connected through fuel lines to a fuel injector. An aerosol generator is designed to turn explosives, or substances that form explosive mixtures from a solid and liquid state into a gaseous state, and deliver the aerosol / sol under pressure through fuel lines to a fuel injector. If an aerosol generator is used, the air supply systems and the air injector may be missing. When using gaseous fuel, instead of the fuel tank, the installation will have gas cylinders, and instead of an aerosol generator - a gas mixture mixer.

The electronic control unit 19 is connected by a pair of electric wires 26 to the fuel pump 21, the fuel injector 13, the air injector 14, the ignition coil 25. 27 is the fuel detonation zone, which is located inside the detonation mechanism. The electronic control unit 19, the fuel pump 21 is powered by the battery 24, and the compressor, the battery is powered by the electrical network. The compressor is connected to the mains using a pressure switch for the compressor, the battery is using a battery charging relay.

The principle of the proposed turbine installation is as follows. Through the valve 7, the hermetic body 4 is filled with the working fluid 5: air, or another gas or gas mixture, or liquid is supplied. Fuel tank 20 stores fuel. As a fuel. Explosives (for example, ammonium nitrate-based explosives: ammonites, ammonones, aquanites, aquanols, and nitroglycerin) or explosive mixtures (for example naphthalene, sulfur, ebonite, anthracite, rosin with air; nitrate mixtures (mainly potassium), sulfur and carbon; mixtures of liquid oxygen with combustible substances; mixtures of concentrated nitric acid, nitrogen nitrate oxides or other liquid oxidizers with combustible substances). Explosive mixtures with non-explosive substances can be used, which mainly include combustible substances (fine particles (dust) of coal, flour, wood, etc.) and compounds containing significant amounts of oxygen (oxidizers). Due to the fact that explosives or explosive mixtures are used for the needs of power plants, smaller amounts of fuel are needed, which can be supplied by rail and / or by road. Since any explosive substances and explosive mixtures can be used for the operation of the proposed turbine plant, the possibilities and alternatives are being increased regarding sources of fuel attraction to the energy system of a country or region.

Using the electronic unit 19 provides a controlled supply of fuel through the fuel supply system 16, the air supply through the air supply system 17, as well as the accumulation and distribution of electricity through the ignition system 18. Fuel is supplied from the fuel tank 20 through the fuel pump 21 fuel lines 22 to the fuel injector 13 through which fuel is injected into the detonation zone 27, which is placed in the guide housing 10. At the same time, air is supplied from the air supply system 17 through the air ducts 23, pryskivatel air 14 into the detonation zone 27. Simultaneously, the battery 24 with electric wires 26, an electric current is supplied to the ignition coil 25, and then supplied to the electric discharge at the ignition element 15.. Thus, all the prerequisites are created for the implementation of regular, periodically repeated explosions by means of the detonation mechanism 2. The periodic operation of the incendiary element ensures - controlled ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the detonation zone 27.

An explosion occurs, the explosive force of which due to the guide housing 10 is directed towards the turbine 1. Working body 5 (for example, the volume of air that fills the space in working area 6 between the turbine 1 and the detonation mechanism 2) acquires kinetic energy and drives the blades of the turbine 1 that through the working shaft 9 drives the generator 8. The working body 5, passed through the turbine 1, moves further in the hermetic case 4 in a closed cycle, after which the process of detonation, movement of the working fluid and performing p bots with rotation of the turbine blades take place in the next working area with a certain time interval (see. FIG. 3). Detonation processes occur alternately in the work areas. After the detonation process is carried out alternately within all working areas of the turbine installation, the duty cycle repeats. Sequence list.

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Claims

Claim

1. A turbine plant consisting of a turbine connected via a working shaft to an electric generator and a turbine drive system, which is characterized in that the turbine drive system contains a fuel detonation mechanism connected to the detonation mechanism actuation system and a sealed case , made in the form of a closed system of pipes filled with the working fluid, in at least one working area of the body, a mechanism for detonation of the fuel is installed at the beginning of the area, and a turbine is installed at the end of the area connected to the corresponding generator.

2. Turbine installation under item 1, characterized in that the turbine in the working area is remote from the mechanism of detonation of the fuel at least 0.5 meters.

3. Turbine installation under item 1, characterized in that at the beginning of each working area of the hermetic casing of the installation a tubular guide casing of the fuel detonation mechanism is installed, the end of the guide casing directed toward the turbine is open, the opposite end of the casing is closed, and the mechanism The knock consists of a fuel injector, an air injector and an ignition element located inside the guide housing from the side of its closed end.

4. Turbine installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the system for activating the mechanism of detonation is made in the form of a fuel supply system to the fuel injector, an air supply system to the air injector, an ignition element ignition system and an electronic control unit for the operation of these systems.

5. Turbine installation according to and. 1, characterized in that as the working fluid is used gas or gas mixture, or liquid, or steam.

6. Turbine installation according to claim 1, characterized in that explosives are used as fuel.

7. Turbine plant according to claim 1, characterized in that substances forming explosive mixtures are used as fuel.