WO2019123064A1 - 表示装置、及び電子機器 - Google Patents
表示装置、及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019123064A1 WO2019123064A1 PCT/IB2018/059591 IB2018059591W WO2019123064A1 WO 2019123064 A1 WO2019123064 A1 WO 2019123064A1 IB 2018059591 W IB2018059591 W IB 2018059591W WO 2019123064 A1 WO2019123064 A1 WO 2019123064A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
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- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
- G09G3/3291—Details of drivers for data electrodes in which the data driver supplies a variable data voltage for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3685—Details of drivers for data electrodes
- G09G3/3688—Details of drivers for data electrodes suitable for active matrices only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/36—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory
- G09G5/39—Control of the bit-mapped memory
- G09G5/393—Arrangements for updating the contents of the bit-mapped memory
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2230/00—Details of flat display driving waveforms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
- G09G2310/027—Details of drivers for data electrodes, the drivers handling digital grey scale data, e.g. use of D/A converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0223—Compensation for problems related to R-C delay and attenuation in electrodes of matrix panels, e.g. in gate electrodes or on-substrate video signal electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0271—Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping
- G09G2320/0276—Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping for the purpose of adaptation to the characteristics of a display device, i.e. gamma correction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/131—Interconnections, e.g. wiring lines or terminals
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display device and an electronic device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- the technical field of the invention disclosed in the present specification and the like relates to an object, a method, or a method of manufacturing.
- one aspect of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition (composition of matter). Therefore, the technical field of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification more specifically includes a semiconductor device, a display device, a liquid crystal display device, a light emitting device, a power storage device, an imaging device, a memory device, a processor, an electronic device, A system, a method of driving them, a method of manufacturing them, or a method of inspecting them can be mentioned as an example.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an invention of a source driver IC of a display device having a liquid crystal element using a multi-gradation linear digital-to-analog conversion circuit to display multi-gradation images.
- a switching element included in a pixel circuit included in a display device a technique in which a transistor in which an oxide semiconductor is a semiconductor thin film is applied can be given.
- Oxide semiconductor materials are widely known as semiconductor thin films applicable to transistors, but oxide semiconductors are attracting attention as other materials.
- oxide semiconductor for example, not only single-component metal oxides such as indium oxide and zinc oxide but also multi-component metal oxides are known.
- oxides of multi-element metals in particular, research on In-Ga-Zn oxide (hereinafter also referred to as IGZO) has been actively conducted.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 a c-axis aligned crystalline (CAAC) structure and an nc (nanocrystalline) structure which are neither single crystal nor amorphous are found in an oxide semiconductor (see Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3) ).
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 also disclose a technique for manufacturing a transistor using an oxide semiconductor having a CAAC structure.
- non-patent documents 4 and 5 show that even oxide semiconductors that are less crystalline than the CAAC structure and the nc structure have minute crystals.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an invention in which a transistor including IGZO in an active layer is used for a pixel circuit of a display device.
- the display device As a condition for the display device to display a high-quality image, the display device is required to have, for example, high resolution, multiple gradations, and a wide color gamut.
- a display device including a light emitting element such as an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) element or a liquid crystal element such as a transmissive liquid crystal element or a reflective liquid crystal element
- a source driver circuit is preferable to realize multi-tone images. You need to design.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device capable of generating multi-tone image data. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel display device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel electronic device including the display device.
- the problem of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the problems listed above.
- the issues listed above do not disturb the existence of other issues.
- Still other problems are problems which are not mentioned in this item described in the following description.
- the problems not mentioned in this item can be derived by the person skilled in the art from the description such as the specification or the drawings, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one embodiment of the present invention is to solve at least one of the above-listed problems and the other problems. Note that one embodiment of the present invention does not have to solve all of the above-listed problems and the other problems.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a first circuit, a second circuit, and an image signal line, and the first circuit includes an image data holding portion and a display element, and the second circuit includes The second circuit is electrically connected to the image signal line, the image signal line is electrically connected to the first circuit, and the image data holding unit is electrically connected to the display element.
- the first circuit has a function of holding the first image data in an image data holding unit
- the second circuit has a function of holding correction data in a correction data holding unit, an image signal line and an image And a function of correcting the first image data held in the data holding unit into the second image data according to the correction data
- the display element has a function of displaying an image according to the second image data It is a display device.
- the second circuit includes first to third switches and a first capacitive element, and the first circuit includes a fourth switch;
- the first terminal of the first switch is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor and the image signal line, and the second terminal of the first switch is
- the correction data holding unit is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second switch, the second terminal of the first capacitive element, and the first terminal of the third switch.
- the first terminal of the fourth switch is electrically connected to the image signal line, and the image data holding unit is electrically connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch and the second capacitive element. Display device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is the display according to the above (2), in which at least one of the first to fourth switches is a transistor, and the transistor includes one of a metal oxide or silicon in a channel formation region. It is an apparatus.
- one aspect of the present invention has the first to fourth functions in the above configuration (2) or (3), and the first function turns off the second switch and turns on the third switch.
- the image data holding unit has a function to electrically float, and the third function turns off the first switch and the third switch, turns on the second switch, and holds correction data.
- a display device having a function of changing to a fourth potential according to image data, and a fourth function of turning off the fourth switch and driving a display element in accordance with the fourth potential .
- the second potential is a potential corresponding to the upper bit of the second image data
- the third potential corresponds to the lower bit of the second image data. It is a display device which has a different potential.
- the display element is a liquid crystal element, and the first terminal of the liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the image data holding portion. It is a connected display device.
- the display element is a light emitting element, includes a driver circuit portion, and the driver circuit portion includes a driver transistor.
- the gate of the drive transistor is electrically connected to the image data storage unit, and the first terminal of the drive transistor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second capacitive element and the input terminal of the light emitting element. Display device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the display device having any one of the structures (1) to (7) and a housing.
- a display device capable of generating multi-tone image data can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel display device can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device including the display device can be provided.
- a display device having a source driver circuit with a small circuit area can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a display device having a source driver circuit with low power consumption can be provided.
- the effect of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the effects listed above.
- the above listed effects do not disturb the existence of other effects.
- Still other effects are the effects not mentioned in this item, which will be described in the following description.
- the effects not mentioned in this item can be derived by the person skilled in the art from the description such as the specification or the drawings, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one embodiment of the present invention has at least one of the effects listed above and the other effects. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention may not have the effects listed above in some cases.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a pixel.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a circuit included in a display device.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a display device.
- 5 is a timing chart for explaining an operation example of a display device.
- FIG. 6 is a top view illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a touch panel.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a transistor.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a transistor.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of an electronic device.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of an electronic device.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structural example of DOSRAM.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The circuit diagram which shows the display apparatus handled by an Example.
- FIG. 17 is a view showing fluctuation of potential according to image data by writing potential according to correction data in the display device of FIG. 16;
- the metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad sense. Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductor or simply OS), and the like.
- the metal oxide may be referred to as an oxide semiconductor. That is, in the case where the metal oxide can form a channel formation region of a transistor having at least one of an amplification action, a rectification action, and a switching action, the metal oxide is referred to as a metal oxide semiconductor (metal oxide semiconductor). It can be called OS.
- OS metal oxide semiconductor
- the transistor can be put in another way as a transistor having a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
- metal oxides having nitrogen may also be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
- a metal oxide having nitrogen may be referred to as metal oxynitride.
- Embodiment 1 In this embodiment, a display device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a display device having a display element.
- the display device DD includes a display unit PA, a source driver circuit SD, and a gate driver circuit GD.
- the display unit PA has a plurality of pixels PIX.
- FIG. 1 only one of the plurality of pixels PIX included in the display unit PA is illustrated, and the other pixels PIX are omitted. Further, it is preferable that the plurality of pixels PIX included in the display unit PA be arranged in a matrix.
- the pixel PIX is electrically connected to the source driver circuit SD through the wiring SL functioning as an image signal line.
- the pixel PIX is electrically connected to the gate driver circuit GD through the wiring GL functioning as a selection signal line.
- the display portion PA includes a plurality of pixels PIX, a plurality of pixels PIX electrically connected to the wiring SL may be provided.
- a plurality of pixels PIX may be electrically connected to the wiring GL.
- a plurality of wirings SL and wirings GL may be provided in accordance with the number of pixels PIX included in the display portion PA.
- a plurality of wirings SL or a plurality of wirings GL may be electrically connected to one pixel PIX.
- the pixel PIX can be configured to have one or more sub-pixels.
- the pixel PIX has a configuration having one sub-pixel (any one color such as red (R), green (G), blue (B), white (W), etc.) and three sub-pixels. (Three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), etc.) or a configuration having four sub-pixels (red (R), green (G), blue (B), white (W) Or four colors of red (R), green (G), blue (B), and yellow (Y).
- the color elements applied to the sub-pixels are not limited to the above combinations, and cyan (C) and magenta (M) may be combined as needed.
- the source driver circuit SD has a function of generating image data to be input to the pixel PIX included in the display unit PA, and a function of transmitting the image data to the pixel PIX.
- the source driver circuit SD can have, for example, a shift register SR, a latch circuit LAT, a level shift circuit LVS, a digital-to-analog converter circuit DAC, an amplifier circuit AMP, and a data bus wiring DB.
- the output terminal of shift register SR is electrically connected to the clock input terminal of latch circuit LAT
- the input terminal of latch circuit LAT is electrically connected to data bus wiring DB
- the output terminal of latch circuit LAT is
- the output terminal of the level shift circuit LVS is electrically connected to the input terminal of the digital analog conversion circuit DAC
- the output terminal of the digital analog conversion circuit DAC is electrically connected to the input terminal of the level shift circuit LVS. It is electrically connected to the input terminal, and the output terminal of the amplifier circuit AMP is electrically connected to the display unit PA.
- the latch circuit LAT, the level shift circuit LVS, the digital / analog conversion circuit DAC, and the amplifier circuit AMP, which are illustrated in FIG. 1, are provided for one wiring SL. That is, it is necessary to provide a plurality of latch circuits LAT, level shift circuits LVS, digital-to-analog conversion circuits DAC, and amplifier circuits AMP in accordance with the number of wirings SL.
- the shift register SR may be configured to sequentially transmit pulse signals to each of the clock input terminals of the plurality of latch circuits LAT.
- the data bus wiring DB is a wiring for transmitting a digital signal including image data to be input to the display unit PA.
- the image data has a gradation, and the larger the gradation, the smoother the change in color or brightness can be expressed, and an image close to natural can be displayed on the display unit PA.
- the larger the gradation the larger the data amount of the image data, and it is necessary to use a high-resolution digital-to-analog converter.
- a digital signal including image data is input from the data bus wiring DB to the input terminal of the latch circuit LAT. Then, the latch circuit LAT performs one operation of holding the image data or outputting the held image data from the output terminal according to a signal transmitted from the shift register SR.
- the level shift circuit LVS has a function of converting an input signal into an output signal of a larger amplitude voltage or a smaller amplitude voltage. In FIG. 1, it has a role of converting the amplitude voltage of a digital signal including image data sent from the latch circuit LAT into an amplitude voltage which the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC properly operates.
- the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC has a function of converting a digital signal including input image data into an analog signal, and a function of outputting the analog signal from an output terminal.
- the digital-to-analog converter circuit DAC needs to be a high-resolution digital-to-analog converter circuit.
- the amplifier circuit AMP has a function of amplifying an analog signal input to an input terminal and outputting the amplified signal to an output terminal.
- image data can be stably transmitted to the display unit PA.
- a voltage follower circuit having an operational amplifier or the like can be applied.
- the offset voltage of the differential input circuit be as close to 0 V as possible.
- the source driver circuit SD can convert a digital signal including image data sent from the data bus wiring DB into an analog signal and transmit it to the display unit PA by performing the above-described operation.
- the gate driver circuit GD has a function of selecting a pixel PIX as an input destination of image data among the plurality of pixels PIX included in the display unit PA.
- the gate driver circuit GD transmits a selection signal to a plurality of pixels PIX electrically connected to a certain one of the wirings GL
- the write switching element for image data included in PIX is turned on, and thereafter, the image data may be transmitted from the source driver circuit SD to the plurality of pixels PIX via the wiring SL to write the image data.
- the wiring GL can be paraphrased as a gate line, a selection signal line, and the like
- the wiring SL can be paraphrased as a source line, a data line, an image signal line, and the like.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the structure of the display device DD illustrated in FIG. According to one aspect of the present invention, for example, the components of the display device DD can be changed as appropriate depending on conditions such as design specifications and purposes.
- the resolution of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC may be increased, but in this case, the circuit area of the source driver circuit SD May increase. If the circuit elements such as transistors and capacitors included in the circuit included in the source driver circuit SD are reduced in order to reduce the circuit area of the source driver circuit SD, the effect of parasitic resistance or variations in the structure due to the fabrication of the circuit elements There is a possibility that the electrical characteristics of the circuit element may be impaired due to the influence.
- the display device is configured in view of the above, and the potential of the holding portion of the image data of the pixel PIX is higher in accuracy than the potential that can be output from the digital analog conversion circuit DAC by capacitive coupling. It is configured to be varied to the potential.
- a potential with higher resolution than the digital analog conversion circuit DAC can be applied to the holding portion of the image data of the pixel PIX.
- the circuit area of the source driver circuit SD including the digital analog conversion circuit DAC can be reduced, and the power consumption of the source driver circuit SD can be reduced.
- FIGS. 1-10 Structural examples of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention are illustrated in FIGS.
- the block diagram in FIG. 2A illustrates an example of a display device including a liquid crystal element, and the display device DD1 includes a display portion PA and a circuit provided around the display portion PA.
- the display device DD1 illustrated in FIG. 2A includes the correction data holding unit 104 in addition to the display unit PA, the gate driver circuit GD, and the source driver circuit SD illustrated in FIG. .
- the pixel PIX included in the display unit PA includes an image data holding unit 101 and a display element 103.
- the input terminal of the correction data holding unit 104 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the source driver circuit SD, and the output terminal of the correction data holding unit 104 is electrically connected to the wiring SL.
- the display unit PA shown in FIG. 2A has a plurality of pixels PIX, similarly to the display unit PA shown in FIG. Note that FIG. 2A illustrates only one of the plurality of pixels PIX included in the display unit PA, and the other pixels PIX are omitted.
- the image data holding unit 101 is electrically connected to the display element 103 in the pixel PIX included in the display unit PA.
- the image data holding unit 101 is electrically connected to the wiring SL.
- the image data holding unit 101 has a function of holding image data sent from the source driver circuit SD via the correction data holding unit 104 and the wiring SL.
- the image data holding unit 101 can also have a write switching element, a capacitive element, and the like for holding image data.
- the display element 103 included in the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 2A has a function of controlling light emitted from the pixel PIX.
- the intensity of the light (which can be rephrased as luminance, height of gradation, etc.) is determined according to the image data stored in the image data storage unit 101.
- a liquid crystal element can be used as the display element 103.
- the liquid crystal element include a transmissive liquid crystal element and a reflective liquid crystal element.
- an electrophoretic element for example, an electrophoretic element, a display element using an electronic powder fluid (registered trademark), a display element of an electrowetting method, and the like can be mentioned. Note that the case of applying a light emitting element such as an inorganic EL element or an organic EL element as the display element 103 will be described later.
- the wiring VA illustrated in FIG. 2A is electrically connected to the pixel PIX.
- the wiring VA can be, for example, a capacitor line for holding image data in the image data holding unit 101, a wiring for applying a potential to one terminal of a liquid crystal element of the display element 103, or the like. Therefore, the wiring VA can be one or more wirings.
- the wiring GL is described as having a function of transmitting a selection signal in advance when writing image data to the pixel PIX.
- the wiring GL and the wiring in FIG. It may have a function of controlling the on state and the off state between the VA and the device. Therefore, the wiring GL can be one or more wirings. Thus, the application of voltage and / or the supply of current from the wiring VA can be temporarily stopped.
- the block diagram in FIG. 2B illustrates an example of a display device including a light-emitting element such as an organic EL element or an inorganic EL element.
- the display device DD2 shown in FIG. 2B has substantially the same configuration as the pixel PIX of the display device DD1, the pixel PIX included in the display unit PA is connected to the drive circuit unit 102. It differs from the display device DD1 in that it has. Therefore, as for the display device DD2, only portions different from the above-described display device DD1 will be described, and description of the same portions as the display device DD1 will be omitted.
- the drive circuit unit 102 is electrically connected to the image data holding unit 101 and the display element 103.
- the drive circuit unit 102 has a function of driving the display element 103 in accordance with the image data held in the image data holding unit 101.
- the driver circuit portion 102 can include a driving transistor which controls the current. Note that the driving transistor has a function of supplying a driving current to the display element 103.
- a light-emitting element can be applied as described above.
- a light emitting element an inorganic EL element, an organic EL element, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- micro LED etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the wiring VA in FIG. 2B is electrically connected to the pixel PIX similarly to the wiring VA illustrated in FIG. 2A.
- the wiring VA here can be a capacitor line for holding image data in the image data holding unit 101, a voltage supply line for driving the drive circuit unit 102, a wiring for supplying current to a light emitting element, or the like. . Therefore, the wiring VA in FIG. 2B can be one or more wirings like the wiring VA illustrated in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a parasitic capacitance and wiring resistance of the wiring SL, a circuit configuration example of the pixel PIX, and a circuit configuration example of the correction data holding unit 104.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the source driver circuit SD in order to show the connection relationship with the correction data holding unit 104.
- the pixel PIX only circuit elements of the switch SWC and the capacitive element Cs are illustrated, and description of the other circuit elements is omitted.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the wiring SL electrically connected to the pixel PIX, the wiring for transmitting the selection signal to the pixel PIX (corresponding to the wiring GL illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2) Wiring, wiring for applying a predetermined potential to a specific node (wiring corresponding to wiring VA shown in FIG. 2), and the like are omitted.
- the wiring SL illustrated in FIG. 3 illustrates the parasitic capacitance of the wiring SL and the wiring resistance.
- the wiring SL includes, for one pixel PIX, a resistance element Rp as a wiring resistance and a capacitive element Cp as a parasitic capacitance.
- the display unit PA illustrated in FIG. 3 includes N pixels PIX (N is an integer of 1 or more) for one column, and the wiring SL includes N resistance elements Rp connected in series. And N capacitive elements Cp connected in parallel. Further, in FIG. 3, it is assumed that one pixel PIX is electrically connected to an electrical connection point between the first terminal of the capacitive element Cp and the first terminal of the resistive element Rp.
- the pixel PIX provided in the i-th row (i is an integer of 1 or more and N or less) is illustrated as a pixel PIX [i]. Further, in the present specification, the description of the address of each of the pixel PIX [1] to the pixel PIX [N] may be omitted unless otherwise specified. Further, in FIG. 3, the pixel PIX [1], the pixel PIX [2], and the pixel PIX [N] are illustrated, and the other pixels PIX are omitted.
- the pixel PIX has a switch SWC and a capacitive element Cs.
- the first terminal of the switch SWC is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitive element Cs, and the second terminal of the switch SWC is electrically connected to the wiring SL.
- the second terminal of the capacitive element Cs is electrically connected to the wiring VC.
- the switching between the on state and the off state of the switch SWC is performed by, for example, a selection signal from the line GL or the like which is sent to the pixel PIX.
- the capacitive element Cs can be, for example, a capacitive element for holding image data, which is included in the image data holding unit 101 described with reference to FIG.
- the wiring VC can be, for example, a wiring for applying an appropriate potential to the second terminal of the capacitive element Cs in order to hold the image data.
- the wiring VP is assumed to be electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitive element Cp functioning as a parasitic capacitance.
- the wiring VP can be, for example, a wiring GL for transmitting a selection signal to the pixel PIX, a wiring VC, or the like.
- the correction data holding unit 104 includes switches SW1 to SW3 and a capacitive element Cd.
- the first terminal of the switch SW1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitive element Cd and the wiring SL, and the second terminal of the switch SW1 is the first terminal of the switch SW2, the source driver circuit SD, Are connected electrically.
- the first terminal of the switch SW3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitive element Cd and the second terminal of the switch SW2, and the second terminal of the switch SW3 is electrically connected to the wiring VG .
- an electrical connection point between the second terminal of the switch SW2, the second terminal of the capacitive element Cd, and the first terminal of the switch SW3 is referred to as a node ND3.
- the correction data holding unit can write the correction data to the second terminal (node ND3) of the capacitive element Cd by turning on the switch SW2.
- the wiring VG is a wiring for resetting the correction data held in the correction data holding unit 104, and can be, for example, a wiring for applying a reference potential.
- a pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 4A1 includes a transistor Tr1, a capacitor C1, and a liquid crystal element LC.
- the wiring DL, the wiring GL, and the wiring VCOM are electrically connected to the pixel PIX.
- the transistor Tr1 functions as a switching element.
- the transistor Tr1 functions as a transistor that electrically connects or disconnects the first terminal of the liquid crystal element LC and the wiring DL. That is, the transistor Tr1 can correspond to the switch SWC included in the pixel PIX of FIG.
- the configuration described in Embodiment 3 can be applied to the transistor Tr1.
- the line DL is a line for transmitting image data to the pixel PIX, and is a line corresponding to the line SL shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the wiring GL is a selection signal line for the pixel PIX, and corresponds to the wiring GL shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the wiring VCOM is a wiring for applying a predetermined potential to the second terminal of the liquid crystal element LC.
- the predetermined potential can be, for example, a reference potential, a low level potential, or a potential lower than them.
- the wiring VCOM can apply a common potential to the second terminals of the liquid crystal elements LC included in each of the plurality of pixels PIX included in the display portion PA.
- the first terminal of the transistor Tr1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitive element C1
- the second terminal of the transistor Tr1 is electrically connected to the wiring DL
- the gate of the transistor Tr1 is electrically connected to the wiring GL It is connected to the.
- an electrical connection point between the first terminal of the transistor Tr1, the first terminal of the capacitor C1, and the first terminal of the liquid crystal element LC is referred to as a node ND1.
- the second terminal of the liquid crystal element LC is electrically connected to the wiring VCOM. Further, the second terminal of the capacitive element C1 is electrically connected to the wiring VCOM.
- the capacitive element C1 has a function of holding a potential difference between the first terminal of the transistor Tr1 and the wiring VCOM.
- the capacitive element C1 can correspond to the capacitive element Cs included in the pixel PIX shown in FIG.
- the wiring VC illustrated in FIG. 3 can correspond to the wiring VCOM in FIG. 4A1. Note that since the capacitive element C1 only has to play a role of holding the potential of the first terminal of the capacitive element C1, the second terminal of the capacitive element C1 is electrically connected to a wiring which applies a constant potential other than the wiring VCOM. It may be done.
- the transistor Tr1 and the capacitive element C1 can correspond to circuit elements included in the image data holding unit 101 of the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 2A.
- the liquid crystal element LC can correspond to the display element 103 of the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG.
- liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal element LC are at a voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal of the liquid crystal element LC by holding a potential corresponding to image data at the node ND1.
- the aligned liquid crystal molecules transmit light from the backlight unit included in the display device or reflect light incident from the outside of the display device by a reflective electrode included in the display device. Light can be emitted according to the image data.
- the transistor Tr1 is preferably an OS transistor.
- the OS transistor is preferably an oxide containing at least one of indium, an element M (the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, or tin), or zinc in a channel formation region.
- the oxide is described in detail in Embodiment 4.
- the transistor Tr1 for example, a transistor having silicon in a channel formation region can be applied (hereinafter, referred to as a Si transistor).
- silicon for example, hydrogenated amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or the like can be used.
- the transistor Tr1 illustrated in FIG. 4A1 may be a transistor including a back gate.
- the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 4A2 has a configuration in which a back gate is provided in the transistor Tr1 included in the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 4A1.
- the gate and the back gate are electrically connected in the transistor Tr1, so that the gate and the back gate are electrically connected can increase the on-state current flowing to the transistor, so that the pixel PIX operates at high speed by adopting the configuration of the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 4A2. can do.
- the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 4A2 is configured to connect the gate and the back gate of the transistor Tr1, the back gate of the transistor Tr1 may be configured to be supplied with a potential by another wiring.
- a pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 4B1 includes transistors Tr2 to Tr4, a capacitor C2, and a light emitting element LD.
- the wiring DL, the wiring GL1, the wiring AL, the wiring VL, and the wiring CAT are electrically connected to the pixel PIX.
- Each of the transistor Tr2 and the transistor Tr4 functions as a switching element. Since the writing of the image data is performed by controlling the transistor Tr2, the transistor Tr2 can correspond to the switch SWC included in the pixel PIX of FIG.
- the transistor Tr3 functions as a drive transistor that controls the current flowing to the light emitting element LD.
- the configurations described in Embodiment 3 can be applied to the transistors Tr2 to Tr4.
- the wiring DL is a wiring for transmitting image data to the pixel PIX, and can correspond to the wiring SL illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the wiring GL1 is a selection signal line for the pixel PIX, and can correspond to the wiring GL illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the wiring VL is a wiring for applying a predetermined potential to a specific node in the pixel PIX.
- the wiring AL is a wiring for supplying a current for causing the light emitting element LD to flow.
- the wiring VL and the wiring AL can correspond to the wiring VA illustrated in FIG.
- the wiring CAT is a wiring for applying a predetermined potential to the output terminal of the light emitting element LD.
- the predetermined potential can be, for example, a reference potential, a low level potential, or a potential lower than them.
- the wire CAT can correspond to the wire VA shown in FIG.
- the wiring CAT preferably functions as a wiring for applying a common potential in the plurality of pixels PIX included in the display unit PA.
- the first terminal of the transistor Tr2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitive element C2 and the gate of the transistor Tr3, and the second terminal of the transistor Tr2 is electrically connected to the wiring DL.
- the gate is electrically connected to the wiring GL1.
- a first terminal of the transistor Tr3 is electrically connected to the wiring AL, and a second terminal of the transistor Tr3 is a second terminal of the capacitive element C2, a first terminal of the transistor Tr4, and an input terminal of the light emitting element LD.
- the second terminal of the transistor Tr4 is electrically connected to the wiring VL, and the gate of the transistor Tr4 is electrically connected to the wiring GL1.
- the output terminal of the light emitting element LD is electrically connected to the wiring CAT.
- an electrical connection point between the first terminal of the transistor Tr2, the first terminal of the capacitive element C2, and the gate of the transistor Tr3 is referred to as a node ND2.
- the capacitive element C2 has a function of holding a potential difference between the second terminal of the transistor Tr3 and the gate. Also, the capacitive element C2 can correspond to the capacitive element Cs included in the pixel PIX shown in FIG.
- the transistor Tr2 and the capacitive element C2 can correspond to circuit elements included in the image data storage unit 101 of the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 2B.
- the transistor Tr3 and the transistor Tr4 can correspond to circuit elements included in the drive circuit portion 102 of the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 2B.
- the light emitting element LD can correspond to the display element 103 of the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 2B.
- the node ND2 holds a potential corresponding to the image data, so that the current corresponding to the gate-source voltage of the transistor Tr3 which is a driving transistor is the source-drain of the transistor Tr3. It flows in between. Since the current flows to the input terminal of the light emitting element LD, the light emitting element LD emits light. Therefore, the pixel PIX can emit light according to the image data.
- At least one of the transistors Tr2 to Tr4 is preferably an OS transistor.
- the OS transistor is preferably an oxide containing at least one of indium, an element M (the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, or tin), or zinc in a channel formation region.
- the oxide is described in detail in Embodiment 4.
- the OS transistor to all of the transistors Tr2 to Tr4, the respective transistors can be formed at the same time, which may shorten the manufacturing process of the display portion PA. That is, since the production time of the display unit PA can be reduced, the number of productions per fixed time can be increased.
- a Si transistor having silicon in a channel formation region can be applied to at least one of the transistors Tr2 to Tr4.
- silicon for example, hydrogenated amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or the like can be used.
- the channel formation regions of the transistors Tr2 to Tr4 are preferably the same material. Further, depending on the situation, the pixel PIX may be configured such that some of the transistors Tr2 to Tr4 are Si transistors and the remaining transistors are OS transistors.
- a switching element may be provided at the input terminal of the light emitting element LD.
- the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 4B is between the light emitting element LD and the electrical connection point between the second terminal of the transistor Tr3, the second terminal of the capacitive element C2, and the first terminal of the transistor Tr4.
- the transistor Tr5 is provided as a switching element. That is, the first terminal of the transistor Tr5 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the transistor Tr3, the second terminal of the capacitive element C2, and the first terminal of the transistor Tr4, and the second terminal of the transistor Tr5 is It is electrically connected to the input terminal of the light emitting element LD.
- the gate of the transistor Tr5 is electrically connected to the wiring GL2 which is one of the selection signal lines.
- the pixel PIX shown in FIG. 4 (B1) in order to stop the light emission of the light emitting element LD, it is not necessary to flow a current to the input terminal of the light emitting element LD, the potential applied to the wiring AL in accordance with the timing You can lower the In this case, a driver circuit for controlling the wiring AL needs to be separately provided, which may increase the cost of manufacturing the display device.
- the supply of the current to the light emitting element LD may be stopped by applying a low level potential to the wiring GL2 to turn off the transistor Tr5.
- the transistor Tr5 is the above-described OS transistor, light emission of the light-emitting element LD due to the off current can be prevented.
- the transistor Tr5 can correspond to a circuit element included in the drive circuit portion 102 of the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 2B.
- the correction data holding unit 104 shown in FIG. 5A has a circuit configuration example in which the transistors SWT1 to SWT3 are applied as the switches SW1 to SW3 of the correction data holding unit 104 shown in FIG.
- the display unit PA and the source driver circuit SD are illustrated in order to show the connection relationship with the correction data holding unit 104.
- the first terminal of the transistor SWT1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitive element Cd and the wiring SL (wiring DL), and the second terminal of the transistor SWT1 is the first terminal of the transistor SWT2, a source driver
- the gate of the transistor SWT1 is electrically connected to the circuit SD1 and the gate of the transistor SWT1 is electrically connected to the wiring CRL1.
- the gate of the transistor SWT2 is electrically connected to the wiring CRL2.
- the first terminal of the transistor SWT3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitive element Cd and the second terminal of the transistor SWT2, and the second terminal of the transistor SWT3 is electrically connected to the wiring VG.
- the gate of SWT3 is electrically connected to the wiring CRL1.
- the electrical connection point between the second terminal of the transistor SWT2, the second terminal of the capacitive element Cd, and the first terminal of the transistor SWT3 is a node ND3.
- the wirings CRL1 and CRL2 are wirings for switching on / off of the transistors SWT1 to SWT3.
- the transistors SWT1 and SWT3 are turned on by applying a high level potential or a low level potential to the wiring CRL1.
- the off state can be switched simultaneously. It is not necessary to switch on and off of the transistor SWT1 and the transistor SWT3 simultaneously, and switching of the on and off states of the transistor SWT1 and the transistor SWT3 may be performed independently.
- the correction data holding unit 104 may be configured such that the respective gates of the transistor SWT1 and the transistor SWT3 are electrically connected to different wirings.
- An OS transistor is preferably used as at least one of the transistors SWT1 to SWT3. Since the OS transistor has a very low off current, for example, by applying the OS transistor as the transistor SWT2 and / or the transistor SWT3, destruction of data held in the node ND3 due to the off current You can prevent. In addition, when all the transistors SWT1 to SWT3 are OS transistors, the respective transistors can be formed at the same time, which may shorten the manufacturing process of the display portion PA.
- At least one of the transistors SWT1 to SWT3 illustrated in FIG. 5A may be a transistor including a back gate.
- all of the transistors SWT1 to SWT3 have a back gate, and the gate and the back gate of each of the transistors are electrically connected.
- the transistor in which the gate and the back gate are electrically connected can increase the on-state current flowing to the transistor, so that the pixel PIX operates at high speed by adopting the configuration of the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 5B. can do.
- the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 5B has a configuration in which the gate and the back gate are connected to each of the transistors SWT1 to SWT3; however, another wiring is used to apply a potential to the back gate of each transistor It may be
- a Si transistor may be applied to at least one of the transistors SWT1 to SWT3. Further, among the transistors SWT1 to SWT3, a part of the transistors may be a Si transistor, and the remaining transistors may be OS transistors.
- FIG. 5A and 5B show an example of a circuit configuration in which the transistors SWT1 to SWT3 are applied as the switches SW1 to SW3 of the correction data holding unit 104 shown in FIG. 3, respectively.
- the switches SW1 to SW3 of the data holding unit 104 may be switches constituted by CMOS (Complementary MOS) circuits, for example, analog switches.
- CMOS Complementary MOS
- the channel formation regions of the transistors SWT1 to SWT3 and the transistors included in the pixel PIX are preferably formed of the same material.
- correction data holding unit 104 and source driver circuit SD are formed on the same semiconductor substrate. It is preferable to form.
- the source driver circuit SD is formed on the semiconductor substrate, and the source driver circuit SD is formed. It is preferable to have a stacked structure in which the correction data holding unit 104 is formed on the upper side.
- the transistors SWT1 to SWT3 of the correction data holding unit 104 can be configured as OS transistors, and the source driver circuit SD can be configured using Si transistors.
- correction data holding unit 104 and the source driver circuit SD may be configured such that the substrate on which the correction data holding unit 104 is formed is mounted on the semiconductor substrate on which the source driver circuit SD is formed. Further, the correction data holding unit 104 may be included in the source driver circuit SD.
- a substrate on which the pixel PIX, the correction data holding unit 104, the source driver circuit SD and the like are formed for example, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a stabilized zirconia substrate (eg yttria stabilized zirconia substrate), a resin substrate And insulator substrates.
- the compound semiconductor substrate which consists of semiconductor substrates, such as silicon and germanium, or silicon carbide, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, an indium phosphide, zinc oxide, and gallium oxide, is mentioned, for example.
- the substrate for example, an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate in which an insulating region is included in a semiconductor substrate can be given.
- SOI Silicon On Insulator
- conductor substrates such as a graphite board
- the display device handled in this operation example is a display device DD3 shown in FIG.
- the display device DD3 uses the pixel PIX as the pixel PIX shown in FIG. 4A, the wiring SL as the wiring SL shown in FIG. 3, and the correction data holding unit 104 as the correction data shown in FIG.
- the configuration is the holding unit 104.
- the resistor element Rp indicating the wiring resistance of the wiring SL illustrated in FIG. 3 is omitted. Further, in the source driver circuit SD shown in FIG. 6, only the amplifier circuit AMP is illustrated, and circuits and elements electrically connected to the input terminal of the amplifier circuit are omitted.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing an operation example of the display device DD3.
- the timing chart shown in FIG. 7 shows the output voltages of the wiring GL, the wiring VCOM, the wiring CRL1, the wiring CRL2, the wiring VG, the wiring DL, and the amplifier circuit (at AMP_out in FIG. 7) at time T1 to time T6 and their neighboring times. Changes in the potentials of the node ND1 and the node ND3. Note that high described in FIG. 7 indicates a high level potential, and low indicates a low level potential. Further, V GND described in FIG. 7 indicates a reference potential.
- V GND is always applied to the wiring VCOM and the wiring VG at time T1 to time T6 and in the vicinity thereof.
- the transistor Tr1 and the transistors SWT1 to SWT3 include the case where they finally operate in the linear region in the ON state unless otherwise specified. That is, it is assumed that the gate voltage, the source voltage, and the drain voltage of the transistor Tr1 and the transistors SWT1 to SWT3 are appropriately biased to voltages in the range of operating in the linear region.
- the transistor Tr2 and the transistor Tr4 are operated in a linear region, and the transistor Tr3 is operated in a saturation region. preferable.
- a low level potential is applied to the wiring GL.
- the potential of the wiring GL is a low level potential
- a low level potential is applied to the gate of the transistor Tr1, so that the transistor Tr1 is turned off. That is, the wiring DL and the node ND1 are in a non-conductive state.
- a low level potential is applied to the wiring CRL1.
- a low level potential is applied to the gate of each of the transistor SWT1 and the transistor SWT3, so that each of the transistor SWT1 and the transistor SWT3 is turned off. That is, the source driver circuit SD and the display portion PA do not conduct, and the node ND3 and the wiring VG do not conduct.
- liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal element LC are aligned in accordance with the potential difference.
- the aligned liquid crystal molecules transmit light from the backlight unit included in the display device DD1, and the light is thus emitted from the pixel PIX. Since the intensity of the light is determined by the voltage applied between the first terminal (node ND1) and the second terminal of the liquid crystal element LC, that is, the potential of the node ND1, gray scale display is performed by adjusting the potential. be able to. Note that before time T1 in the timing chart shown in FIG.
- V Ini1 a potential difference between the first terminal (node ND1) and the second terminal of the liquid crystal element LC occurs to such an extent that light is not emitted from the pixel PIX.
- V INI1 the potential of the node ND1 is described as V Ini1 .
- V INI1 is, V GND, or a potential lower than V GND.
- V Ini1 will be described as a potential which is larger than V GND and at which light is not emitted from the pixel PIX.
- the potential of the wiring CRL2 changes from the high level potential to the low level potential.
- the potential of the wiring CRL2 is a high level potential
- a high level potential is applied to the gate of the transistor SWT2, and thus the transistor SWT2 is turned on. That is, the source driver circuit SD and the node ND3 are in a conductive state.
- the potential output from the output terminal of the amplifier circuit AMP of the source driver circuit SD is applied to the node ND3.
- the transistor SWT2 is turned off; thus, the source driver circuit SD and the node ND3 are turned off.
- V INI2 is V GND, or a potential lower than V GND, but this operation example, V INI2 is greater potential than V GND.
- the wiring DL is at an appropriate potential. Note that in FIG. 7, the potential of the wiring DL is illustrated as a potential higher than V GND .
- a high level potential is applied to the wiring CRL1. Therefore, a high level potential is applied to the gate of each of the transistor SWT1 and the transistor SWT3 from time T1 to time T2, so that the transistor SWT1 and the transistor SWT3 are turned on. A conduction state is established between node ND3 and wiring VG.
- V data1 is output as an analog signal from the output terminal of the amplifier circuit at time T1.
- V data1 is a potential that can be output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC included in the source driver circuit SD.
- the transistor SWT1 since the transistor SWT1 is in the on state, the potential of the wiring DL is V data1 . Further, since the transistor Tr1 is in the ON state, the potential of the node ND1 of the pixel PIX also becomes V data1 .
- the transistor SWT3 since the transistor SWT3 is in the on state, the potential of the node ND3 is V GND . Further, since the transistor SWT2 is in the OFF state, the potential V data1 output from the output terminal of the amplifier circuit AMP is not applied to the node ND3.
- the voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal of the capacitive element Cd is V data1 .
- the wiring DL and the source driver circuit SD are turned off. Therefore, the wiring DL and the node ND1 are in an electrically floating state. Further, when the transistor SWT3 is turned off, the node ND3 and the wiring VG are also brought out of conduction, so the node ND3 is also brought into an electrically floating state.
- V data2 is output as an analog signal from the output terminal of the amplifier circuit AMP.
- V data2 is a potential that can be output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC included in the source driver circuit SD.
- the transistor SWT2 since the transistor SWT2 is in the on state, the potential V data2 output from the output terminal of the amplifier circuit AMP is applied to the node ND3. Further, since the transistor SWT3 is in the off state, no current flows from the source driver circuit SD to the wiring VG, and the potential of the node ND3 is increased from V GND to V data2 .
- V ND1 V ND1
- the parasitic capacitance generated between the first terminal and the second terminal of the liquid crystal element LC is neglected in the formulas (E1) and (E2).
- the first terminal of liquid crystal element LC and the first terminal of capacitive element C1 are electrically connected to each other, and the second terminal of liquid crystal element LC and the second terminal of capacitive element C1 are electrically connected to wiring VCOM. Because they are connected, they can be regarded as electrically connected in parallel. Therefore, formula (E1), the value C B of the capacitance of the formula (E2) can be handled as a value in consideration of the parasitic capacitance of the liquid crystal element.
- the source driver circuit SD and the node ND3 become nonconductive. Further, since the transistor SWT3 is in the off state, the node ND3 is in the electrically floating state. Therefore, the potential of the node ND3 is held by the capacitive element Cd.
- V AN is output as an analog signal from the output terminal of the amplifier circuit AMP. Similar to V data1 and V data2 , V AN is a potential that can be output by the digital-to-analog converter circuit DAC included in the source driver circuit SD.
- the luminance of the light emitted from the pixel PIX is determined by the voltage applied between the first terminal and the second terminal of the liquid crystal element LC.
- the potential of resolution higher than that of the digital analog conversion circuit DAC It can be applied to the image data storage unit (node ND1) of the pixel PIX.
- V data1 written to the wiring DL and the node ND1 takes values from “000000” to “111111” in binary notation.
- the voltage value of “111111” is 6.3 V
- possible voltage values of V data1 that can be output by the digital-analog conversion circuit DAC are in the range of 0 V to 6.3 V in 0.1 V steps.
- V data1 in the range of 0 V to 6.3 V can be written to the wiring DL and the node ND1 from time T1 to time T2.
- a potential (image data) with higher resolution than the 6-bit digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC can be written to the pixel PIX.
- V data1 provided by the 6-bit digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC corresponds to the upper 6 bits of the image data
- ⁇ V applied to node ND1 by capacitive coupling by capacitive element Cd of correction data holding unit 104 g corresponds to the lower 6 bits of the image data. That is, by using the display device DD1 to the display device DD3 according to one embodiment of the present invention, the lower 6 bits of image data can be interpolated to the upper 6 bits of image data supplied by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC. Image data equivalent to 12 bits can be displayed on PA.
- a potential higher than V GND is applied as correction data to the node ND3 of the correction data holding unit 104 between time T3 and time T4, but correction data is applied more than V GND.
- a low potential may be applied. That is, ⁇ V g provided to the node ND1 by capacitive coupling by the capacitive element Cd of the correction data holding unit 104 may be set to a negative potential.
- the structure of the display device according to one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the structures illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 6.
- the components of the display device can be changed as appropriate depending on, for example, conditions such as design specifications and purposes.
- the pixel PIX illustrated in FIG. 4 (B1) (B2) has a configuration in which the transistors Tr2 to Tr4 are provided with the back gate. (Not shown).
- an operation method of a display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above operation example or specific example.
- the order of applying potentials to elements, circuits, wirings, and the like, and the value of the potentials can be changed as appropriate.
- the operation method of the display device may be changed according to the structure.
- Second Embodiment a structural example of a display device using a liquid crystal element is described.
- the description of the operation and function of applying the image data of lower bits to the image data output from the source driver circuit SD described in the first embodiment will be omitted.
- the display device illustrated in FIG. 8A includes a first substrate 4001 and a second substrate 4006.
- a sealant 4005 is provided to surround the display portion 215 provided over the first substrate 4001, and the display portion 215 is sealed with the sealant 4005 and the second substrate 4006.
- the display unit 215 is provided with a pixel array having the pixel PIX described in Embodiment 1.
- the scan line driver circuit 221a, the signal line driver circuit 231a, the signal line driver circuit 232a, and the common line driver circuit 241a each include a plurality of integrated circuits 4042 provided over a printed substrate 4041.
- the integrated circuit 4042 is formed of a single crystal semiconductor or a polycrystalline semiconductor.
- the signal line driver circuit 231a and the signal line driver circuit 232a have the function of the source driver circuit SD described in the first embodiment.
- the scanning line drive circuit 221 a has the function of the gate driver circuit GD described in Embodiment 1.
- the common line drive circuit 241 a has a function of supplying a prescribed potential to the wiring VCOM described in Embodiment 1.
- the integrated circuit 4042 included in the scan line driver circuit 221 a and the common line driver circuit 241 a has a function of supplying a selection signal to the display portion 215.
- the integrated circuit 4042 included in the signal line driver circuit 231 a and the signal line driver circuit 232 a has a function of supplying an image signal to the display portion 215.
- the integrated circuit 4042 is mounted in a region different from a region surrounded by the sealant 4005 on the first substrate 4001.
- connection method of the integrated circuit 4042 is not particularly limited, and wire bonding, COG (chip on glass), TCP (tape carrier package), COF (chip on film), or the like may be used. it can.
- FIG. 8B shows an example in which the integrated circuit 4042 included in the signal line driver circuit 231a and the signal line driver circuit 232a is mounted by a COG method.
- part or the whole of the driver circuit can be integrally formed over the same substrate 4001 as the display portion 215, whereby a system on panel can be formed.
- FIG. 8B illustrates an example in which the scan line driver circuit 221 a and the common line driver circuit 241 a are formed over the same substrate as the display portion 215.
- a sealant 4005 is provided so as to surround the display portion 215 provided over the first substrate 4001, the scan line driver circuit 221a, and the common line driver circuit 241a.
- a second substrate 4006 is provided over the display portion 215, the scan line driver circuit 221a, and the common line driver circuit 241a.
- FIG. 8B illustrates an example in which the signal line driver circuit 231 a and the signal line driver circuit 232 a are separately formed and mounted on the first substrate 4001, the present invention is not limited to this structure.
- the scan line driver circuit may be separately formed and mounted, or part of the signal line driver circuit or part of the scan line driver circuit may be separately formed and mounted.
- the display device may include a panel in which the display element is sealed and a module in which an IC or the like including a controller is mounted on the panel.
- the display portion and the scan line driver circuit provided over the first substrate each include a plurality of transistors.
- An OS transistor or a Si transistor can be applied as the transistor.
- the structures of the transistors included in the peripheral drive circuit and the transistors included in the pixel circuit of the display portion may be the same or different.
- the transistors included in the peripheral drive circuit may all have the same structure, or two or more types of structures may be used in combination.
- the transistors included in the pixel circuit may all have the same structure, or two or more types of structures may be used in combination.
- an input device 4200 (not shown, and the input device 4200 will be described later) can be provided over the second substrate 4006.
- the structure in which the input device 4200 is provided in the display device illustrated in FIG. 8 can function as a touch panel.
- the sensing element also referred to as a sensor element included in the touch panel of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited.
- Various sensors capable of detecting the proximity or contact of a detection object such as a finger or a stylus can be applied as the detection element.
- various systems such as an electrostatic capacity system, a resistance film system, a surface acoustic wave system, an infrared system, an optical system, a pressure-sensitive system, can be used, for example.
- a touch panel having a capacitive sensing element is described as an example.
- a capacitance method there are a surface type capacitance method, a projection type capacitance method, and the like. Further, as a projected capacitive system, there are a self-capacitance system, a mutual capacitance system, and the like. The mutual capacitance method is preferable because simultaneous multipoint detection becomes possible.
- the touch panel according to one embodiment of the present invention has a structure in which a display device and a detection element which are separately manufactured are attached to each other, a structure in which a substrate supporting the display element and / or an opposite substrate are provided with electrodes forming the detection element Various configurations can be applied.
- FIG. 9A is a perspective view of the touch panel 4210.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic perspective view of the input device 4200. Note that only representative components are shown for the sake of clarity.
- the touch panel 4210 has a structure in which a display device and a detection element which are separately manufactured are attached to each other.
- the touch panel 4210 includes an input device 4200 and a display device, and these are provided in an overlapping manner.
- the input device 4200 includes a substrate 4263, an electrode 4227, an electrode 4228, a plurality of wirings 4237, a plurality of wirings 4238, and a plurality of wirings 4239.
- the electrode 4227 can be electrically connected to the wiring 4237 or the wiring 4239.
- the electrode 4228 can be electrically connected to the wiring 4239.
- the FPC 4272 b is electrically connected to each of the plurality of wirings 4237 and the plurality of wirings 4238.
- the FPC 4272 b can be provided with an IC 4273 b.
- a touch sensor may be provided between the first substrate 4001 and the second substrate 4006 of the display device.
- a touch sensor is provided between the first substrate 4001 and the second substrate 4006, an optical touch sensor using a photoelectric conversion element may be used in addition to a capacitive touch sensor.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion indicated by a chain line N1-N2 in FIG. 8B.
- the display device illustrated in FIG. 10 includes an electrode 4015, and the electrode 4015 is electrically connected to a terminal of the FPC 4018 through an anisotropic conductive layer 4019.
- the electrode 4015 is electrically connected to the wiring 4014 in an opening formed in the insulating layer 4112, the insulating layer 4111, and the insulating layer 4110.
- the electrode 4015 is formed of the same conductive layer as the first electrode layer 4030, and the wiring 4014 is formed of the same conductive layer as the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor 4010 and the transistor 4011.
- the display portion 215 and the scan line driver circuit 221a provided over the first substrate 4001 have a plurality of transistors, and in FIG. 10, the transistor 4010 included in the display portion 215 and the scan line driver circuit 221a.
- the transistor 4011 included in FIG. Note that although bottom-gate transistors are illustrated as the transistors 4010 and 4011 in FIG. 10, top-gate transistors may be used. In addition, the transistor 4011 may be included in the gate driver circuit GD described in Embodiment 1.
- the insulating layer 4112 is provided over the transistor 4010 and the transistor 4011.
- the transistor 4010 and the transistor 4011 are provided over the insulating layer 4102.
- the transistor 4010 and the transistor 4011 each include an electrode 4017 formed over the insulating layer 4111.
- the electrode 4017 can function as a back gate electrode.
- the display device illustrated in FIG. 10 includes a capacitor 4020.
- the capacitor 4020 includes an electrode 4021 formed in the same step as the gate electrode of the transistor 4010, and an electrode formed in the same step as the source electrode and the drain electrode.
- the respective electrodes overlap with each other through the insulating layer 4103.
- the capacitive element 4020 can be, for example, the capacitive element C1 of the pixel PIX described in Embodiment 1.
- the capacitance of a capacitor provided in a pixel portion of a display device is set so as to be able to hold charge during a predetermined period, in consideration of leakage current or the like of a transistor provided in the pixel portion.
- the capacitance of the capacitor may be set in consideration of the off current of the transistor and the like.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a liquid crystal display device using a transmissive liquid crystal element as a display element.
- a liquid crystal element 4013 which is a display element includes a first electrode layer 4030, a second electrode layer 4031, and a liquid crystal layer 4008.
- an insulating layer 4032 and an insulating layer 4033 which function as alignment films are provided so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer 4008.
- the second electrode layer 4031 is provided on the second substrate 4006 side, and the first electrode layer 4030 and the second electrode layer 4031 overlap with each other through the liquid crystal layer 4008.
- the transistor 4010 provided in the display portion 215 is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 4013. That is, the transistor 4010 can be, for example, the transistor Tr1 described in Embodiment 1, and the liquid crystal element 4013 can be, for example, a liquid crystal element LC of the pixel PIX described in Embodiment 1.
- a conductive material which transmits visible light is preferably used.
- a material including one or more selected from indium (In), zinc (Zn), and tin (Sn) can be used.
- indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide, indium oxide including tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide including tungsten oxide, indium oxide including titanium oxide, titanium oxide Indium tin oxide, indium tin oxide containing silicon oxide (ITSO), zinc oxide, zinc oxide containing gallium, and the like can be given.
- a film containing graphene can be used. The film containing graphene can be formed, for example, by reducing a film containing graphene oxide formed over the film.
- the liquid crystal element 4013 can be, for example, a liquid crystal element to which a Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode is applied.
- liquid crystal materials include positive liquid crystal materials having positive dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ) and negative liquid crystal materials having negative dielectric anisotropy. Both materials can be applied to the liquid crystal element 4013 described in this embodiment, and an optimal liquid crystal material can be used in accordance with the mode and design to be applied.
- the display device described in this embodiment it is preferable to use a negative liquid crystal material.
- the influence of the flexoelectric effect derived from the polarization of liquid crystal molecules can be suppressed, and there is almost no difference in transmittance due to the polarity. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the flicker from being viewed by the user of the display device.
- the flexoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which polarization occurs due to orientation distortion mainly due to molecular shape.
- a negative liquid crystal material is less likely to cause orientation distortion of spreading deformation or bending deformation.
- liquid crystal element 4013 an element to which the FFS mode is applied is used as the liquid crystal element 4013 here, a liquid crystal element to which various modes are applied can be used without limitation thereto.
- VA Vertical Alignment
- TN Transmission Nematic
- IPS In-Plane-Switching
- ASM Analy Symmetrically Aligned Micro-cell
- OCB Optically Compensated Birefringence
- FLC Fluoroelectric Liquid Crystal
- Liquid crystal elements to which AFLC (Anti Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) mode, VA-IPS mode, guest host mode, etc. are applied can be used. .
- a normally black liquid crystal display device such as a transmissive liquid crystal display device adopting a vertical alignment (VA) mode may be applied to the display device described in this embodiment.
- VA vertical alignment
- an MVA (Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, a PVA (Pattered Vertical Alignment) mode, an ASV (Advanced Super View) mode, or the like can be used as the vertical alignment mode.
- a liquid crystal element is an element that controls transmission or non-transmission of light by an optical modulation action of liquid crystal.
- the optical modulation action of the liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field (including a horizontal electric field, a vertical electric field or an oblique electric field) applied to the liquid crystal.
- an electric field including a horizontal electric field, a vertical electric field or an oblique electric field
- liquid crystals used for liquid crystal elements thermotropic liquid crystals, low molecular weight liquid crystals, polymer liquid crystals, polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC), ferroelectric liquid crystals, antiferroelectric liquid crystals, etc. can be used. .
- These liquid crystal materials exhibit a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase, etc. depending on conditions.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a display device including a vertical electric field liquid crystal element
- a display device including a horizontal electric field liquid crystal element can be applied to one embodiment of the present invention.
- liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase which does not use an alignment film may be used.
- the blue phase is one of the liquid crystal phases, and is a phase which appears immediately before the cholesteric liquid phase is changed to the isotropic phase when the temperature of the cholesteric liquid crystal is raised. Since the blue phase appears only in a narrow temperature range, a liquid crystal composition in which 5% by weight or more of a chiral agent is mixed is used for the liquid crystal layer 4008 in order to improve the temperature range.
- a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and exhibits optical isotropy.
- a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent does not require alignment treatment and has a small viewing angle dependency.
- rubbing processing is also unnecessary, so electrostatic breakdown caused by rubbing processing can be prevented, and defects or breakage of the liquid crystal display device in the manufacturing process can be reduced. .
- the spacer 4035 is a columnar spacer obtained by selectively etching the insulating layer, and is provided to control a distance (cell gap) between the first electrode layer 4030 and the second electrode layer 4031. .
- a spherical spacer may be used.
- an optical member such as a black matrix (light shielding layer), a colored layer (color filter), a polarizing member, a retardation member, and an antireflective member may be provided as appropriate.
- an optical member such as a black matrix (light shielding layer), a colored layer (color filter), a polarizing member, a retardation member, and an antireflective member
- circular polarization by a polarization substrate and a retardation substrate may be used.
- a backlight unit, a side light unit, or the like may be used as a light source.
- the surface of the second substrate 4006 opposite to the surface on which the colored layer 4131 and the light shielding layer 4132 are provided
- the back surface of the first substrate 4001 insulating layer 41012.
- a polarization substrate may be provided on the opposite side of the surface provided with the backlight unit, and a backlight unit may be provided on the back surface side of the first substrate 4001 via the polarization substrate (not shown).
- a light shielding layer 4132, a coloring layer 4131, and an insulating layer 4133 are provided between the second substrate 4006 and the second electrode layer 4031.
- Examples of the material that can be used as the light shielding layer 4132 include carbon black, titanium black, metals, metal oxides, and composite oxides containing a solid solution of a plurality of metal oxides.
- the light shielding layer may be a film containing a resin material or a thin film of an inorganic material such as metal.
- a stacked film of films containing a material of the colored layer 4131 can be used.
- a stacked structure of a film containing a material used for the colored layer 4131 which transmits light of a certain color and a film containing a material used for the colored layer 4131 which transmits light of another color can be used. It is preferable to use a common material for the colored layer 4131 and the light shielding layer 4132 because the apparatus can be shared and the process can be simplified.
- a material which can be used for the coloring layer 4131 a metal material, a resin material, a resin material containing a pigment or a dye, and the like can be given.
- the formation method of the light shielding layer and the colored layer may be performed in the same manner as the formation method of each layer described above. For example, it may be performed by an inkjet method.
- the insulating layer 4133 is preferably an overcoat having a planarization function.
- a flat insulating film can be formed over the surface on which the colored layer 4131 and the light shielding layer 4132 having different thicknesses are formed.
- the second electrode layer 4031 can be formed flat; thus, variation in thickness of the liquid crystal layer 4008 can be reduced.
- An acrylic resin etc. are mentioned as such an insulating layer 4133.
- the display device illustrated in FIG. 10 includes the insulating layer 4111 and the insulating layer 4102.
- As the insulating layer 4111 and the insulating layer 4102 an insulating layer which hardly transmits an impurity element is used. By sandwiching the transistor between the insulating layer 4111 and the insulating layer 4102, entry of impurities into the semiconductor layer from the outside can be prevented.
- a circuit structure, a circuit element, or the like may be changed as appropriate depending on the situation.
- a protective circuit for protecting the driver circuit is preferably provided.
- the protection circuit is preferably configured using a non-linear element.
- the semiconductor device or the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured using various types of transistors such as a bottom-gate transistor and a top-gate transistor. Therefore, according to the existing manufacturing line, the material of the semiconductor layer to be used and the transistor structure can be easily replaced.
- FIG. 11A1 is a cross-sectional view of a channel protective transistor 810 which is a kind of bottom gate transistor.
- the transistor 810 is formed over a substrate 771.
- the transistor 810 includes an electrode 746 over the substrate 771 with the insulating layer 772 interposed therebetween.
- the semiconductor layer 742 is provided over the electrode 746 with the insulating layer 726 interposed therebetween.
- the electrode 746 can function as a gate electrode.
- the insulating layer 726 functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the insulating layer 741 is provided over the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 742.
- an electrode 744 a and an electrode 744 b are provided over the insulating layer 726 in contact with part of the semiconductor layer 742.
- the electrode 744a can function as one of a source electrode and a drain electrode.
- the electrode 744 b can function as the other of the source electrode and the drain electrode.
- a portion of the electrode 744 a and a portion of the electrode 744 b are formed over the insulating layer 741.
- the insulating layer 741 can function as a channel protective layer. By providing the insulating layer 741 over the channel formation region, exposure of the semiconductor layer 742 which is generated at the time of formation of the electrodes 744a and 744b can be prevented. Thus, the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 742 can be prevented from being etched when the electrode 744a and the electrode 744b are formed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a transistor with favorable electrical characteristics can be realized.
- the transistor 810 includes the insulating layer 728 over the electrode 744a, the electrode 744b, and the insulating layer 741, and the insulating layer 729 over the insulating layer 728.
- an oxide semiconductor for the semiconductor layer 742 a material capable of generating oxygen vacancy by removing oxygen from part of the semiconductor layer 742 in at least a portion of the electrode 744 a and the electrode 744 b in contact with the semiconductor layer 742 is used.
- the region of the semiconductor layer 742 in which oxygen vacancies occur has an increased carrier concentration, and the region becomes n-type to become an n-type region (n + region). Thus, the region can function as a source region or a drain region.
- tungsten, titanium, or the like can be given as an example of a material that can deprive the semiconductor layer 742 of oxygen and cause oxygen vacancies.
- the contact resistance between the electrode 744 a and the electrode 744 b and the semiconductor layer 742 can be reduced. Accordingly, electrical characteristics of the transistor such as field effect mobility and threshold voltage can be improved.
- a layer functioning as an n-type semiconductor or a p-type semiconductor is preferably provided between the semiconductor layer 742 and the electrode 744 a and between the semiconductor layer 742 and the electrode 744 b.
- a layer functioning as an n-type semiconductor or a p-type semiconductor can function as a source region or a drain region of a transistor.
- the insulating layer 729 is preferably formed using a material having a function of preventing or reducing diffusion of impurities into the transistor from the outside. Note that the insulating layer 729 can be omitted as needed.
- a transistor 811 illustrated in FIG. 11A2 is different from the transistor 810 in that an electrode 723 which can function as a back gate electrode is provided over the insulating layer 729.
- the electrode 723 can be formed by the same material and method as the electrode 746.
- the back gate electrode is formed of a conductive layer, and the gate electrode and the back gate electrode are disposed so as to sandwich the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer.
- the back gate electrode can function similarly to the gate electrode.
- the potential of the back gate electrode may be the same as that of the gate electrode, or may be the ground potential (GND potential) or any potential.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor can be changed by changing the potential of the back gate electrode independently without interlocking with the gate electrode.
- the electrode 746 and the electrode 723 can both function as a gate electrode.
- the insulating layer 726, the insulating layer 728, and the insulating layer 729 can each function as a gate insulating layer.
- the electrode 723 may be provided between the insulating layer 728 and the insulating layer 729.
- the other is referred to as a “back gate electrode”.
- the electrode 746 when the electrode 723 is referred to as a “gate electrode”, the electrode 746 is referred to as a “back gate electrode”.
- the transistor 811 can be considered as a kind of top gate transistor.
- one of the electrode 746 and the electrode 723 may be referred to as “first gate electrode”, and the other may be referred to as “second gate electrode”.
- the region in which the carriers flow in the semiconductor layer 742 becomes larger in the film thickness direction.
- the amount of carrier movement increases.
- the on current of the transistor 811 is increased, and the field effect mobility is increased.
- the transistor 811 is a transistor having a large on current with respect to the occupied area. That is, the area occupied by the transistor 811 can be reduced with respect to the on current required. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the area occupied by the transistor can be reduced. Thus, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device with a high degree of integration can be realized.
- the gate electrode and the back gate electrode are formed of a conductive layer, a function to prevent an electric field generated outside the transistor from acting on the semiconductor layer in which a channel formation region is formed (in particular, electric field shielding function against static electricity) Have. Note that the electric field shielding function can be enhanced by forming the back gate electrode larger than the semiconductor layer and covering the semiconductor layer with the back gate electrode.
- the back gate electrode is formed using a light-shielding conductive film
- light can be prevented from entering the semiconductor layer from the back gate electrode side. Accordingly, light deterioration of the semiconductor layer can be prevented, and deterioration of the electrical characteristics such as shift of the threshold voltage of the transistor can be prevented.
- a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- a highly reliable semiconductor device can be realized.
- FIG. 11B1 is a cross-sectional view of a channel protective transistor 820 which is one of bottom-gate transistors.
- the transistor 820 has substantially the same structure as the transistor 810, but differs from the transistor 810 in that the insulating layer 741 covers the end of the semiconductor layer 742.
- the semiconductor layer 742 and the electrode 744 a are electrically connected to each other in an opening formed by selectively removing part of the insulating layer 741 overlapping with the semiconductor layer 742.
- the semiconductor layer 742 and the electrode 744 b are electrically connected to each other in another opening which is formed by selectively removing part of the insulating layer 741 overlapping with the semiconductor layer 742.
- the region of the insulating layer 741 overlapping with the channel formation region can function as a channel protective layer.
- a transistor 821 illustrated in FIG. 11B2 is different from the transistor 820 in that an electrode 723 which can function as a back gate electrode is provided over the insulating layer 729.
- the insulating layer 741 can prevent the semiconductor layer 742 from being exposed when the electrodes 744a and 744b are formed. Thus, thinning of the semiconductor layer 742 can be prevented at the time of formation of the electrodes 744a and 744b.
- the distance between the electrode 744a and the electrode 746 and the distance between the electrode 744b and the electrode 746 are longer than those in the transistors 810 and 811.
- parasitic capacitance generated between the electrode 744a and the electrode 746 can be reduced.
- parasitic capacitance generated between the electrode 744 b and the electrode 746 can be reduced.
- a transistor with favorable electrical characteristics can be realized.
- a transistor 825 illustrated in FIG. 11C1 is a channel etching transistor which is one of bottom-gate transistors.
- the transistor 825 forms the electrode 744a and the electrode 744b without using the insulating layer 741. Therefore, part of the semiconductor layer 742 exposed when forming the electrode 744a and the electrode 744b may be etched. On the other hand, since the insulating layer 741 is not provided, productivity of the transistor can be improved.
- a transistor 826 illustrated in FIG. 11C2 is different from the transistor 825 in that the electrode 723 which can function as a back gate electrode is provided over the insulating layer 729.
- the transistor 842 illustrated in FIG. 12A1 is one of top-gate transistors.
- the transistor 842 is different from the transistors 810, 811, 820, 821, 825, and 826 in that the electrode 744a and the electrode 744b are formed after the insulating layer 729 is formed.
- the electrode 744a and the electrode 744b are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 742 in an opening formed in the insulating layer 728 and the insulating layer 729.
- a portion of the insulating layer 726 which does not overlap with the electrode 746 is removed, and the impurity 755 is introduced into the semiconductor layer 742 using the electrode 746 and the remaining insulating layer 726 as a mask, whereby self-alignment in the semiconductor layer 742 ( Impurity regions can be formed in a self alignment manner.
- the transistor 842 has a region where the insulating layer 726 extends beyond the end of the electrode 746.
- the impurity concentration of the region into which the impurity 755 is introduced through the insulating layer 726 of the semiconductor layer 742 is smaller than that of the region into which the impurity 755 is introduced without interposing the insulating layer 726.
- a lightly doped drain (LDD) region is formed in a region which does not overlap with the electrode 746.
- the transistor 843 illustrated in FIG. 12A2 is different from the transistor 842 in that the electrode 723 is provided.
- the transistor 843 has an electrode 723 formed over the substrate 771.
- the electrode 723 has a region overlapping with the semiconductor layer 742 with the insulating layer 772 interposed therebetween.
- the electrode 723 can function as a back gate electrode.
- the transistor 844 illustrated in FIG. 12B1 and the transistor 845 illustrated in FIG. 12B2 all the insulating layer 726 in a region which does not overlap with the electrode 746 may be removed.
- the insulating layer 726 may be left.
- the transistors 842 to 847 can also form impurity regions in the semiconductor layer 742 in a self-aligned manner by introducing the impurity 755 into the semiconductor layer 742 using the electrode 746 as a mask after forming the electrode 746. .
- a transistor with favorable electrical characteristics can be realized.
- a semiconductor device with a high degree of integration can be realized.
- CAC-OS Cloud-Aligned Composite Oxide Semiconductor
- CAAC-OS c-axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor
- the CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in part of the material and an insulating function in part of the material, and functions as a semiconductor throughout the material.
- the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers
- the insulating function is electrons serving as carriers. Is a function that does not A function of switching (function of turning on / off) can be imparted to the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide by causing the conductive function and the insulating function to be complementary to each other.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive region and an insulating region.
- the conductive region has the above-mentioned conductive function
- the insulating region has the above-mentioned insulating function.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material.
- the conductive region may be observed as connected in a cloud shape with a blurred periphery.
- the conductive region and the insulating region are each dispersed in the material with a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 0.5 nm or more and 3 nm or less There is.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of a component having a wide gap resulting from the insulating region and a component having a narrow gap resulting from the conductive region.
- the carrier when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap.
- the component having the narrow gap acts complementarily to the component having the wide gap, and the carrier also flows to the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the above-described CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel formation region of a transistor, high current driving force, that is, high on current, and high field effect mobility can be obtained in the on state of the transistor.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be called a matrix composite (matrix composite) or a metal matrix composite (metal matrix composite).
- Oxide semiconductors can be divided into single crystal oxide semiconductors and other non-single crystal oxide semiconductors.
- the non-single crystal oxide semiconductor for example, CAAC-OS, polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, nc-OS (nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor), pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like OS: a-like OS: a-like OS), and There are amorphous oxide semiconductors and the like.
- the CAAC-OS has c-axis orientation, and a plurality of nanocrystals are connected in the a-b plane direction to form a strained crystal structure.
- distortion refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between the region in which the lattice arrangement is aligned and the region in which another lattice arrangement is aligned in the region where the plurality of nanocrystals are connected.
- the nanocrystals are based on hexagons, but may not be regular hexagons and may be non-hexagonal. Moreover, distortion may have a lattice arrangement such as pentagon and heptagon.
- a clear crystal grain boundary also referred to as a grain boundary
- the formation of crystal grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the a-b plane direction, or that the bonding distance between atoms is changed due to metal element substitution. It is thought that it is for.
- a CAAC-OS is a layered crystal in which a layer containing indium and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as In layer) and a layer containing element M, zinc and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as (M, Zn) layer) are stacked. It tends to have a structure (also referred to as a layered structure).
- In layer a layer containing indium and oxygen
- M, Zn zinc and oxygen
- indium and the element M can be substituted with each other, and when the element M in the (M, Zn) layer is replaced with indium, it can also be expressed as a (In, M, Zn) layer.
- indium in the In layer is substituted with the element M, it can also be represented as an (In, M) layer.
- the CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity.
- CAAC-OS can not confirm clear crystal grain boundaries, so that it can be said that the decrease in electron mobility due to crystal grain boundaries does not easily occur.
- the crystallinity of the oxide semiconductor may be lowered due to the mixing of impurities, generation of defects, or the like, so that the CAAC-OS can also be said to be an oxide semiconductor with few impurities or defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, the oxide semiconductor having a CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, an oxide semiconductor having a CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- the CAAC-OS is stable also to a high temperature (so-called thermal budget) in the manufacturing process. Therefore, when CAAC-OS is used for the OS transistor, the degree of freedom of the manufacturing process can be expanded.
- the nc-OS has periodicity in atomic arrangement in a minute region (eg, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm).
- nc-OS has no regularity in crystal orientation among different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation can be seen in the entire film. Therefore, the nc-OS may not be distinguished from the a-like OS or the amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on the analysis method.
- the a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the a-like OS has a wrinkle or low density region. That is, a-like OS has lower crystallinity than nc-OS and CAAC-OS.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures, and each has different characteristics.
- the oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention may have two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS.
- an oxide semiconductor with low carrier density is preferably used for the transistor.
- the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be reduced to reduce the density of defect states.
- the low impurity concentration and the low density of defect level states are referred to as high purity intrinsic or substantially high purity intrinsic.
- the oxide semiconductor has a carrier density of less than 8 ⁇ 10 11 / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 11 / cm 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 / cm 3 , and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 / cm 3. It should be cm 3 or more.
- the density of trap states may also be low.
- the charge trapped in the trap level of the oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear, and may behave like fixed charge. Therefore, in the transistor having a channel formation region in an oxide semiconductor with high trap state density, electrical characteristics may be unstable.
- the impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon and the like.
- the concentration of silicon or carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon or carbon in the vicinity of the interface with the oxide semiconductor are 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the oxide semiconductor contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal
- a defect state may be formed and a carrier may be generated. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor which contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is likely to be normally on. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor.
- the concentration of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in an oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 in SIMS. atoms / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, still more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- hydrogen contained in the oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to be water, which may form an oxygen vacancy.
- oxygen vacancies When hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancies, electrons which are carriers may be generated.
- a part of hydrogen may be bonded to oxygen which is bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron which is a carrier.
- a transistor including an oxide semiconductor which contains hydrogen is likely to be normally on.
- hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm. It is less than 3 and more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 .
- FIG. 13A illustrates a laptop personal computer which is a type of information terminal device, which includes a housing 5401, a display portion 5402, a keyboard 5403, a pointing device 5404, and the like.
- FIG. 13B illustrates a smart watch which is a type of wearable terminal, which includes a housing 5901, a display portion 5902, operation buttons 5903, an operator 5904, a band 5905, and the like.
- a display device to which a function as a position input device is added may be used as the display portion 5902.
- the function as a position input device can be added by providing a touch panel on the display device.
- the function as a position input device can be added by providing a photoelectric conversion element also called a photosensor in a pixel portion of a display device.
- the operation button 5903 can be provided with a power switch for activating a smart watch, a button for operating an application of the smart watch, a volume adjustment button, or a switch for lighting or extinguishing the display portion 5902.
- the number of operation buttons 5903 is two, but the number of operation buttons included in the smart watch is not limited to this.
- the operator 5904 functions as a crown that adjusts the time of the smart watch.
- the operation element 5904 may be used as an input interface for operating an application of the smart watch.
- the smart watch illustrated in FIG. 13B includes the operators 5904. However, without limitation thereto, the smart watch illustrated in FIG. 13B may not include the operators 5904.
- the semiconductor device or the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a video camera.
- the video camera illustrated in FIG. 13C includes a first housing 5801, a second housing 5802, a display portion 5803, operation keys 5804, a lens 5805, a connection portion 5806, and the like.
- the operation key 5804 and the lens 5805 are provided in the first housing 5801
- the display portion 5803 is provided in the second housing 5802.
- the first housing 5801 and the second housing 5802 are connected by the connection portion 5806, and the angle between the first housing 5801 and the second housing 5802 can be changed by the connection portion 5806. is there.
- the video in the display portion 5803 may be switched in accordance with the angle between the first housing 5801 and the second housing 5802 in the connection portion 5806.
- FIG. 13D illustrates a mobile phone having a function of an information terminal, which includes a housing 5501, a display portion 5502, a microphone 5503, a speaker 5504, and an operation button 5505.
- a display device to which a function as a position input device is added may be used for the display portion 5502.
- the function as a position input device can be added by providing a touch panel on the display device.
- the function as a position input device can be added by providing a photoelectric conversion element also called a photosensor in a pixel portion of a display device.
- the operation button 5505 can be provided with any of a power switch for activating a mobile phone, a button for operating an application of the mobile phone, a volume adjustment button, and a switch for lighting or extinguishing the display portion 5502.
- the number of the operation buttons 5505 is two, the number of operation buttons included in the mobile phone is not limited thereto.
- the mobile phone illustrated in FIG. 13D may have a light-emitting device as a flash light or a lighting application.
- the semiconductor device or the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a television set.
- the television set illustrated in FIG. 13E includes a housing 9000, a display portion 9001, a speaker 9003, an operation key 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal 9006, and the like.
- the television set can incorporate a large screen, eg, a display 9001 of 50 inches or more, or 100 inches or more.
- the semiconductor device or the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied around the driver's seat of a mobile vehicle.
- FIG. 13F is a diagram showing the area around the windshield in the interior of a car.
- FIG. 13F illustrates a display panel 5704 attached to a pillar, in addition to the display panel 5701 attached to a dashboard, the display panel 5702, and the display panel 5703.
- the display panel 5701 to the display panel 5703 can provide various information by displaying navigation information, a speedometer or tachometer, a travel distance, a fuel gauge, a gear state, settings of an air conditioner, and the like.
- display items, layouts, and the like displayed on the display panel can be appropriately changed in accordance with the user's preference, and design can be enhanced.
- the display panels 5701 to 5703 can also be used as lighting devices.
- the display panel 5704 By projecting an image from an imaging unit provided on the vehicle body on the display panel 5704, it is possible to complement the view (dead angle) blocked by the pillar. That is, by displaying the image from the imaging means provided on the outside of the automobile, the blind spot can be compensated and the safety can be enhanced. In addition, by displaying an image that complements the invisible part, it is possible to check the safety more naturally and without discomfort.
- the display panel 5704 can also be used as a lighting device.
- FIG. 14A shows an example of a digital signage that can be attached to a wall.
- FIG. 14A shows the electronic signboard 6200 attached to the wall 6201.
- FIG. 14B shows a tablet-type information terminal having a foldable structure.
- the information terminal illustrated in FIG. 14B includes a housing 5321 a, a housing 5321 b, a display portion 5322, and an operation button 5323.
- the display portion 5322 has a flexible base material, and the base material can realize a foldable structure.
- the housing 5321a and the housing 5321b are connected by a hinge portion 5321c, and can be folded in two by the hinge portion 5321c.
- the display portion 5322 is provided in the housing 5321a, the housing 5321b, and the hinge portion 5321c.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 13A to 13C and 14E and FIGS. 14A and 14B may have a microphone and a speaker.
- the above-described electronic device can have a voice input function.
- the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13D, 14A, and 14B may have a camera.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 13A to 13F, 14A, and 14B have sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration) inside the housing. , Angular velocity, number of rotations, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemicals, voice, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, electric power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, inclination, vibration, odor or infrared light etc. It may be a configuration having a function). In particular, by providing the mobile phone shown in FIG.
- a detection device having a sensor such as a gyro, an acceleration sensor, or the like for detecting an inclination, the direction of the mobile phone (the To automatically switch the screen display of the display unit 5502 in accordance with the orientation of the mobile phone.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 13A to 13F, 14A, and 14B are devices that acquire biological information such as fingerprints, veins, irises, or voiceprints. It may have a configuration. By applying this configuration, an electronic device having a biometric authentication function can be realized.
- a flexible base material may be used as the display portion of the electronic device illustrated in FIGS. 13A to 13F and FIG. 14A.
- the display portion may have a structure in which a transistor, a capacitor, a display element, and the like are provided over a flexible substrate.
- a material having a light transmitting property to visible light is exemplified.
- PET Polyethylene terephthalate resin
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate resin
- PES polyether sulfone resin
- acrylic resin polyimide resin
- polymethyl methacrylate resin polycarbonate resin
- polyamide resin polycycloolefin resin
- Polystyrene resin polyamide imide resin
- polypropylene resin polyester resin
- polyhalogenated vinyl resin aramid resin
- epoxy resin etc.
- these materials may be used by mixing or laminating.
- DOSRAM registered trademark
- the name "DOSRAM” is derived from Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory.
- a DOSRAM is a memory device in which a memory cell is a 1T1C (one transistor / one capacitor) type cell and a write transistor is a transistor to which an oxide semiconductor is applied.
- a sense amplifier unit 1002 for reading data and a cell array unit 1003 for storing data are stacked.
- the sense amplifier unit 1002 is provided with a bit line BL and Si transistors Ta10 and Ta11.
- the Si transistors Ta10 and Ta11 have a semiconductor layer on a single crystal silicon wafer.
- the Si transistors Ta10 and Ta11 form a sense amplifier and are electrically connected to the bit line BL.
- the cell array unit 1003 has a plurality of memory cells 1001.
- the memory cell 1001 includes a transistor Tw1 and a capacitive element C10.
- two transistors Tw1 share a semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor layer and the bit line BL are electrically connected by a conductor (not shown).
- the stacked structure as shown in FIG. 15 can be applied to various semiconductor devices configured by stacking a plurality of circuits each including a transistor group.
- the metal oxide, the insulator, the conductor, and the like in FIG. 15 may be a single layer or a stack.
- Various film forming methods such as sputtering method, molecular beam epitaxy method (MBE method), pulse laser ablation method (PLA method), CVD method, atomic layer deposition method (ALD method), etc. can be used for these fabrications.
- the CVD method includes a plasma CVD method, a thermal CVD method, an organic metal CVD method and the like.
- the semiconductor layer of the transistor Tw1 is formed of a metal oxide (oxide semiconductor).
- a metal oxide oxide semiconductor
- the semiconductor layer is preferably composed of a metal oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn.
- the carrier density may be increased to reduce resistance.
- a source region or a drain region can be provided in the semiconductor layer.
- boron or phosphorus is typically mentioned.
- hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, sulfur, chlorine, titanium, a rare gas element, or the like may be used.
- the rare gas element include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and the like.
- the concentration of the element can be measured using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or the like.
- boron and phosphorus are preferable because they can use equipment of an amorphous silicon or low-temperature polysilicon production line. By diverting the apparatus of the manufacturing line, equipment investment can be suppressed.
- the transistor including the semiconductor layer whose resistance is selectively reduced can be formed, for example, by using a dummy gate.
- a dummy gate may be provided over the semiconductor layer, and the element that reduces the resistance of the semiconductor layer may be added using the dummy gate as a mask. That is, in the region where the semiconductor layer does not overlap with the dummy gate, the element is added to form a low-resistance region.
- an ion injection method in which an ionized source gas is separated by mass separation an ion doping method in which an ionized source gas is added without mass separation, a plasma immersion ion implantation method, etc. Can be used.
- the conductive material used for the conductor includes a semiconductor typified by polycrystalline silicon doped with an impurity element such as phosphorus, silicide such as nickel silicide, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, aluminum, copper, chromium, neodymium, There is a metal such as scandium or a metal nitride (tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, molybdenum nitride, tungsten nitride) or the like containing the above-described metal as a component.
- an impurity element such as phosphorus
- silicide such as nickel silicide, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, aluminum, copper, chromium, neodymium
- a metal such as scandium or a metal nitride (tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, molybdenum nitride, tungsten nit
- indium tin oxide indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium zinc oxide, silicon oxide are added.
- Conductive materials such as indium tin oxide can be used.
- the insulating materials used for the insulator include aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride oxide, aluminum oxynitride, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride oxide, silicon oxynitride, gallium oxide, germanium oxide, yttrium oxide, There are zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum silicate and the like.
- oxynitride refers to a compound in which the content of oxygen is higher than nitrogen
- nitrided oxide refers to a compound in which the content of nitrogen is higher than oxygen.
- the software used in the calculation is a circuit simulator called SmartSpice (version 4.26.7. R) manufactured by SILVACO. Using the circuit simulator, calculation was performed using the image data and the correction data as input data and using the corrected image data as output data.
- FIG. 16 shows the source driver circuit SD, the correction data holding unit 104, and the display unit PA.
- the operational amplifier OPA corresponds to the amplifier circuit AMP in FIG. 1, and is a CMOS circuit configured of Si transistors.
- the output terminal of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OPA.
- the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OPA is electrically connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier OPA, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier OPA is the second terminal of the switch SW1 of the correction data holding unit 104 and the first terminal of the switch SW2. , Are electrically connected to each.
- the operational amplifier OPA functions as a voltage follower circuit by the above-described connection configuration.
- the high power supply input terminal of the operational amplifier OPA is electrically connected to the wiring VDL, and the low power supply input terminal of the operational amplifier OPA is electrically connected to the wiring VGL.
- correction data holding unit 104 For the correction data holding unit 104, the description of the correction data holding unit 104 in FIG. 3 of the first embodiment can be referred to.
- the second terminal of the switch SW3 is electrically connected to the wiring VG, but in the correction data holding unit 104 of FIG. 16, the second terminal of the switch SW3 is It is electrically connected to the wiring VGL via the DC power supply VD.
- the switches SW1 to SW3 each apply an analog switch (a switch having a CMOS circuit configuration) as a switching element.
- a resistive element Rpa indicating a resistance of the wiring SL (wiring DL)
- a capacitive element Cc as a capacitance obtained by combining the parasitic capacitance of the wiring SL (wiring DL) and the capacitive element C1 of the pixel PIX.
- an electrical connection point between the resistive element Rpa and the capacitive element Cc is a node ND.
- the capacitance of the capacitive element Cd of the correction data holding unit 104 is 1 pF, and the capacitance of the capacitive element Cc is 31 pF. This corresponds to interpolation of lower five bits of the voltage output from the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC from the specific example of the first embodiment.
- the voltage of the DC power supply VD is 0.5V.
- the value of the resistance element Rpa is 10 k ⁇ .
- the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC outputs potentials ranging from 0.5 V to 8.5 V in 0.25 V steps.
- the operational amplifier OPA since the operational amplifier OPA is configured as a voltage follower circuit, the operational amplifier OPA must be a circuit that can handle the range of potentials that can be output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC. Therefore, the potential given by the wiring VDL electrically connected to the high power supply input terminal of the operational amplifier OPA is 9 V, and the potential provided by the wiring VGL electrically connected to the low power supply input terminal of the operational amplifier OPA is a reference potential There is.
- the graph shown in FIG. 17 shows the correction data output from the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC and changes in the potential of the node ND in the first period and the second period.
- the vertical axis represents the potential V ND of the node ND
- the horizontal axis represents time.
- each of the first period and the second period is from time T1 to time T2 and from time T2 to time T4.
- time T1 is set to 0 seconds (calculation start time) in FIG. 17 and time T2 is set to 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 seconds (image data write completion time).
- the switch SW1 and the switch SW3 are turned on by the signal F1
- the switch SW2 is turned off by the signal F2
- 4.0 V is output as a potential corresponding to the image data from the digital analog conversion circuit DAC.
- An operation of writing the potential to the node ND is performed.
- the switch SW1 and the switch SW3 are turned off by the signal F1 and the switch SW2 is turned on by the signal F2, and 0.5 V to 8.5 V in 0.25 V steps as correction data from the digital to analog conversion circuit DAC.
- An operation of writing one of the potentials up to the potential and writing the output potential to the node ND3 is performed.
- a potential according to the correction data is written to the node ND3, whereby the potential V ND fluctuates.
- potentials from 0.5 V to 8.5 V are described as V 0 to V 32 in 0.25 V steps as potentials according to correction data, and in FIG. 17, V 0 , V 10 ,. Only the symbols V 20 , V 30 and V 32 are illustrated.
- V 0 (0.5 V) is written to the node ND3 as correction data in the second period. Since the potential of the node ND3 is 0.5 V in the first period, the potential of the node ND3 remains unchanged at 0.5 V even after transition from the first period to the second period. Therefore, the potential V ND remains unchanged at 4.0 V due to capacitive coupling by the capacitive element Cd.
- V 10 (3.0 V) is written to the node ND3 as correction data in the second period. Since the potential of the node ND3 is 0.5 V in the first period, transition to the second period causes the potential of the node ND3 to increase 2.5 V.
- V 20 as correction data (5.5V), V 30 (8.0V )
- V 30 8.0V
- transition to the second period causes the potential of the node ND3 to rise by 5.0 V, 7.5 V, and 8.0 V in each case.
- the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC outputs a potential in 0.25V steps, but the correction data holding unit 104 can generate a potential with a step width smaller than 0.25V.
- image data with higher resolution than the digital-to-analog conversion circuit DAC included in the source driver circuit SD can be generated by the correction data holding unit.
- the display portion of the display device can display a multi-tone image.
- contents described in one certain embodiment or example may be other contents (or part of the contents) described in the embodiment or example; Application, combination, replacement, or the like can be performed on at least one of the contents described in one or more other embodiments (or some of the contents).
- a figure (may be a part) described in one embodiment or an example is another figure (may be a part) described in another part of the figure, the embodiment, or the example. More figures can be configured by combining with at least one figure with one or more other embodiments or the figures (may be part of the figures) described in the examples.
- the terms indicating the arrangement such as “above” and “below” are used for the sake of convenience to explain the positional relationship between the configurations with reference to the drawings.
- the positional relationship between the components changes appropriately in accordance with the direction in which each component is depicted. Therefore, the words and phrases indicating the arrangement are not limited to the description described in the specification and the like, and can be appropriately paraphrased depending on the situation. For example, in the expression "insulator located on the upper surface of the conductor”, it can be rephrased as "insulator located on the lower surface of the conductor” by rotating the direction of the drawing shown by 180 degrees.
- electrode B does not have to be formed in direct contact with insulating layer A, and another configuration may be provided between insulating layer A and electrode B. Do not exclude those that contain elements.
- the sizes, the thicknesses of layers, or the regions are shown in arbitrary sizes for the convenience of description. Therefore, it is not necessarily limited to the scale.
- the drawings are schematically shown for the sake of clarity, and are not limited to the shapes or values shown in the drawings. For example, variations in signal, voltage or current due to noise, or variations in signal, voltage or current due to timing deviation can be included.
- a channel formation region refers to a region in which a channel is formed, and this region is formed by applying a potential to a gate, so that current can flow between the source and the drain.
- the functions of the source and the drain may be switched when adopting transistors of different polarities or when the direction of current changes in circuit operation. Therefore, in this specification and the like, the terms “source” and “drain” can be used interchangeably.
- electrode and “wiring” do not functionally limit these components.
- electrodes may be used as part of “wirings” and vice versa.
- the terms “electrode” and “wiring” include the case where a plurality of “electrodes” and “wirings” are integrally formed.
- the voltage and the potential can be appropriately rephrased.
- the voltage is a potential difference from a reference potential.
- the reference potential is a ground potential (ground potential)
- the voltage can be rephrased as a potential.
- the ground potential does not necessarily mean 0 V. Note that the potential is relative, and the potential given to the wiring or the like may be changed depending on the reference potential.
- membrane and layer can be replaced with each other depending on the situation or depending on the situation.
- the terms “insulating layer” and “insulating film” may be able to be changed to the term "insulator”.
- terms such as “wiring”, “signal line”, and “power supply line” can be replaced with each other depending on the case or depending on the situation. For example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to the term “signal line”. Also, for example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to a term such as "power supply line”. Also, the reverse is also true, and it may be possible to change the terms such as “signal line” and “power supply line” to the term “wiring”. Terms such as “power supply line” may be able to be changed to terms such as “signal line”. Also, the reverse is also true, and terms such as “signal line” may be able to be changed to terms such as "power supply line”.
- the term “potential” applied to the wiring may be changed to the term “signal” or the like. Also, the reverse is also true, and a term such as “signal” may be able to be changed to the term “potential”.
- the impurity of the semiconductor means, for example, elements other than the main components of the semiconductor layer.
- an element having a concentration of less than 0.1 atomic% is an impurity.
- the inclusion of impurities may cause, for example, formation of DOS (Density of States) in a semiconductor, reduction in carrier mobility, or reduction in crystallinity.
- examples of the impurity that changes the characteristics of the semiconductor include elements other than the group 1 element, the group 2 element, the group 13 element, the group 14 element, the group 15 element, and the main component.
- transition metals and the like there are transition metals and the like, and in particular, for example, hydrogen (also included in water), lithium, sodium, silicon, boron, phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen and the like.
- oxygen vacancies may be formed by mixing of impurities such as hydrogen.
- the semiconductor is a silicon layer
- examples of the impurity that changes the characteristics of the semiconductor include oxygen, a group 1 element excluding hydrogen, a group 2 element, a group 13 element, and a group 15 element.
- a switch is a switch which is turned on (on) or turned off (off) and has a function of controlling whether current flows or not.
- a switch refers to one having a function of selecting and switching a path through which current flows.
- an electrical switch or a mechanical switch can be used. That is, the switch may be any switch that can control the current, and is not limited to a specific switch.
- Examples of electrical switches include transistors (eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.), diodes (eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes. , A diode-connected transistor, or a logic circuit combining these.
- transistors eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.
- diodes eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes.
- MIM Metal Insulator Metal
- MIS Metal Insulator Semiconductor
- the “conductive state” of the transistor refers to a state in which the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor can be considered to be electrically shorted.
- the “non-conductive state” of a transistor refers to a state in which the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor can be regarded as being electrically disconnected.
- the polarity (conductivity type) of the transistor is not particularly limited.
- a mechanical switch is a switch using MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) technology, such as a digital micro mirror device (DMD).
- MEMS micro-electro-mechanical system
- DMD digital micro mirror device
- the switch has a mechanically movable electrode, and the movement of the electrode operates to control conduction and non-conduction.
- connection relation for example, the connection relation shown in the figure or the sentence, and includes other than the connection relation shown in the figure or the sentence.
- X, Y, and the like used here are objects (eg, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, and the like).
- an element for example, a switch, a transistor, a capacitor, an inductor, a resistor, a diode, a display, or the like
- the switch has a function of controlling on and off. That is, the switch has a function of turning on (on) or non-conducting (off) and controlling whether current flows or not.
- a circuit for example, a logic circuit (for example, an inverter, a NAND circuit, a NOR circuit, etc.) that enables functional connection of X and Y, signal conversion Circuits (DA converter circuit, AD converter circuit, gamma correction circuit, etc.), potential level converter circuits (power supply circuits (boost circuit, step-down circuit etc.), level shifter circuits for changing the potential level of signals, etc.) voltage source, current source, switching A circuit, an amplifier circuit (a circuit capable of increasing the signal amplitude or current amount, etc., an operational amplifier, a differential amplifier circuit, a source follower circuit, a buffer circuit, etc.), a signal generation circuit, a memory circuit, a control circuit, etc. It is possible to connect one or more in between. As an example, even if another circuit is interposed between X and Y, X and Y are functionally connected if the signal output from X is transmitted to Y. Do.
- the source (or the first terminal or the like) of the transistor is electrically connected to X via (or not via) Z1 and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor is or the transistor Z2
- the source of the transistor (or the first terminal or the like) is directly connected to a part of Z1
- another part of Z1 Is directly connected to X
- the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is directly connected to a part of Z2
- another part of Z2 is directly connected to Y
- X and Y, the source (or the first terminal or the like) of the transistor and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) are electrically connected to each other, and X, the source of the transistor (or the first And the like), the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor, and Y are electrically connected in this order.
- the source of the transistor (or the first terminal, etc.) is electrically connected to X, the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc. is electrically connected to Y, X, the source of the transistor ( Alternatively, it can be expressed that “the drain (or the second terminal) of the transistor (such as the second terminal) and Y are electrically connected in this order”.
- X is electrically connected to Y through the source (or the first terminal or the like) and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor
- X, the source of the transistor (or the first A terminal or the like), a drain (or a second terminal or the like) of the transistor, and Y can be expressed as “provided in this order of connection”.
- the source (or the first terminal or the like) and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor can be defined.
- these expression methods are an example and are not limited to these expression methods.
- X, Y, Z1, and Z2 each denote an object (eg, a device, an element, a circuit, a wiring, an electrode, a terminal, a conductive film, a layer, or the like).
- DD display device
- DD1 display device
- DD2 display device
- DD3 display device
- PA display unit
- GD gate driver circuit
- SD source driver circuit
- PIX pixel
- SR shift register
- LAT latch circuit
- LVS level shift circuit
- DAC digital analog conversion circuit
- AMP amplifier circuit
- SL wiring
- VA wiring
- VC wiring
- VP wiring
- VG wiring
- DL wiring
- AL wiring
- VL wiring
- VCOM wiring
- CAT wiring
- CRL1 wiring
- CRL2 wiring
- DB data bus wiring
- Rp resistive element
- Cs capacitive element
- Cp capacitive element
- Cpa capacitive element
- Cd capacitive element
- C2 capacitive element
- Tr3 transistor Ta
- Tr4 transistor
- Tr5 transistor
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様は、第1回路と、第2回路と、画像信号線と、を有し、第1回路は、画像データ保持部と、表示素子と、を有し、第2回路は、補正データ保持部を有し、第2回路は、画像信号線に電気的に接続され、画像信号線は、第1回路に電気的に接続され、画像データ保持部は、表示素子に電気的に接続され、第1回路は、画像データ保持部に、第1画像データを保持する機能を有し、第2回路は、補正データ保持部に、補正データを保持する機能と、画像信号線と画像データ保持部に保持されている第1画像データを補正データに応じて第2画像データに補正する機能と、を有し、表示素子は、第2画像データに応じた画像を表示する機能を有する表示装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)の構成において、第2回路は、第1乃至第3スイッチと、第1容量素子と、を有し、第1回路は、第4スイッチと、第2容量素子と、を有し、第1スイッチの第1端子は、第1容量素子の第1端子と、画像信号線と、に電気的に接続され、第1スイッチの第2端子は、第2スイッチの第1端子に電気的に接続され、補正データ保持部は、第2スイッチの第2端子と、第1容量素子の第2端子と、第3スイッチの第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、第4スイッチの第1端子は、画像信号線と電気的に接続され、画像データ保持部は、第4スイッチの第2端子と、第2容量素子と、電気的に接続される表示装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(2)の構成において、第1乃至第4スイッチの少なくとも一は、トランジスタであり、トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に、金属酸化物又はシリコンの一方を有する表示装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(2)、又は(3)の構成において、第1乃至第4機能を有し、第1機能は、第2スイッチをオフ状態にし、第3スイッチをオン状態にして、補正データ保持部にに第1電位を書き込む機能と、第2スイッチをオフ状態にし、第1スイッチ及び第4スイッチのそれぞれをオン状態にして、画像信号線と、前記画像データ保持部と、に第1画像データに応じた第2電位を書き込む機能と、を有し、第2機能は、第1スイッチをオフ状態にし、第4スイッチをオン状態にして、画像信号線と、画像データ保持部と、を電気的に浮遊状態にする機能を有し、第3機能は、第1スイッチ及び第3スイッチのそれぞれをオフ状態にし、第2スイッチをオン状態にして、補正データ保持部に補正データに応じた第3電位を書き込む機能と、第1容量素子の第2端子の電位が、第1電位から第3電位に変動したことによって、画像信号線と画像データ保持部とによって保持されている第2電位が、第2画像データに応じた第4電位に変動する機能と、を有し、第4機能は、第4スイッチをオフ状態にして、第4電位に応じて表示素子を駆動する機能を有する表示装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(4)の構成において、第2電位は、第2画像データの上位ビットに応じた電位であり、第3電位は、第2画像データの下位ビットに応じた電位である表示装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(2)乃至(5)のいずれか一の構成において、表示素子は、液晶素子であり、液晶素子の第1端子は、画像データ保持部に電気的に接続されている表示装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(2)乃至(5)のいずれか一の構成において、表示素子は、発光素子であり、駆動回路部を有し、駆動回路部は駆動トランジスタを有し、駆動トランジスタのゲートは、画像データ保持部に電気的に接続され、駆動トランジスタの第1端子は、第2容量素子の第2端子と、発光素子の入力端子と、に電気的に接続されている表示装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)乃至(7)のいずれか一の構成の表示装置と、筐体と、を有する電子機器である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について説明する。
初めに、表示装置の構成例について説明する。図1は、表示素子を有する表示装置の一例を示したブロック図である。表示装置DDは、表示部PAと、ソースドライバ回路SDと、ゲートドライバ回路GDと、を有する。
本発明の一態様の表示装置は、上記を鑑み構成されたもので、画素PIXの画像データの保持部の電位を、容量結合によって、デジタルアナログ変換回路DACの出力可能な電位よりも精度の大きい電位に変動させる構成となっている。換言すれば、本発明の一態様の表示装置によって、デジタルアナログ変換回路DACよりも高い分解能の電位を、画素PIXの画像データの保持部に与えることができる。これにより、デジタルアナログ変換回路の分解能を高くする必要がなくなるため、分解能の低いデジタルアナログ変換回路を用いることができる。そのため、デジタルアナログ変換回路DACを含むソースドライバ回路SDの回路面積を低くすることができ、またソースドライバ回路SDの消費電力を低減することができる。
次に、図1乃至図3に示す画素PIXに適用できる、回路構成例について説明する。
次に、図1乃至図3に示す補正データ保持部104に適用できる、回路構成例について説明する。
次に、本発明の一態様の表示装置の動作例について説明する。なお、本動作例で扱う表示装置としては、図6に示す表示装置DD3とする。表示装置DD3は、表示装置DD1において、画素PIXを図4(A1)に示す画素PIXとし、配線SLを図3に示す配線SLとし、補正データ保持部104を図5(A)に示す補正データ保持部104とした構成となっている。なお、図6において、容量素子Cpaは、図3に図示した配線SLの寄生容量とした容量素子Cpの総和であり、配線SLに電気的に接続されている画素PIXがN個であるとき、Cpa=N×Cpとなる。また、図6では、図3に図示した配線SLの配線抵抗を示す抵抗素子Rpを省略している。また、図6に示すソースドライバ回路SDでは、アンプ回路AMPのみ図示しており、アンプ回路の入力端子に電気的に接続されている回路、及び素子は、省略している。
時刻T1より前において、配線GLには低レベル電位が印加されている。配線GLの電位が低レベル電位であるとき、トランジスタTr1のゲートに、低レベル電位が印加されるため、トランジスタTr1がオフ状態となる。つまり、配線DLと、ノードND1と、の間は、非導通状態となる。
時刻T1において、配線GLには高レベル電位が印加される。そのため、時刻T1から時刻T2までの間において、トランジスタTr1のゲートに、高レベル電位が印加されるため、トランジスタTr1がオン状態となる。これにより、配線DLと、ソースドライバ回路SDと、の間が導通状態となる。
時刻T2において、配線CRL1には低レベル電位が印加される。そのため、時刻T2から時刻T3までの間において、トランジスタSWT1及びトランジスタSWT3のそれぞれのゲートに、低レベル電位が印加されるため、トランジスタSWT1及びトランジスタSWT3のそれぞれがオフ状態となる。
時刻T3において、配線CRL2には高レベル電位が印加される。そのため、時刻T3から時刻T4までの間において、トランジスタSWT2のゲートに、高レベル電位が印加されるため、トランジスタSWT2がオン状態となる。
時刻T4において、配線GLには低レベル電位が印加される。そのため、時刻T4から時刻T5までの間において、トランジスタTr1のゲートに、低レベル電位が印加されるため、トランジスタTr1がオフ状態となる。
時刻T5において、配線CRL2には低レベル電位が印加される。そのため、時刻T5から時刻T6までの間において、トランジスタSWT2のゲートに低レベル電位が印加されるため、トランジスタSWT2がオフ状態となる。
時刻T6において、配線CRL1には高レベル電位が印加される。そのため、時刻T6以降において、トランジスタSWT1及びトランジスタSWT3のそれぞれのゲートに、高レベル電位が印加されるため、トランジスタSWT1及びトランジスタSWT3のそれぞれがオン状態となる。
ここでは、上述の動作例によって、デジタルアナログ変換回路DACから出力される画像データよりも多階調の画像データを、表示装置DD3の表示部PAに表示する一例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、液晶素子を用いた表示装置の構成例について説明する。なお、本実施の形態においては、実施の形態1で説明した、ソースドライバ回路SDから出力された画像データに、下位ビットの画像データを付与する動作および機能の説明は省略する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の半導体装置、又は表示装置に用いることができるトランジスタの構成について説明する。
図11(A1)は、ボトムゲート型のトランジスタの一種であるチャネル保護型のトランジスタ810の断面図である。図11(A1)において、トランジスタ810は基板771上に形成されている。また、トランジスタ810は、基板771上に絶縁層772を介して電極746を有する。また、電極746上に絶縁層726を介して半導体層742を有する。電極746はゲート電極として機能できる。絶縁層726はゲート絶縁層として機能する。
図12(A1)に例示するトランジスタ842は、トップゲート型のトランジスタの1つである。トランジスタ842は、絶縁層729を形成した後に電極744aおよび電極744bを形成する点がトランジスタ810、811、820、821、825、826と異なる。電極744aおよび電極744bは、絶縁層728および絶縁層729に形成した開口部において半導体層742と電気的に接続する。
本実施の形態では、上記の実施の形態で説明したOSトランジスタに用いることができる金属酸化物であるCAC‐OS(Cloud−Aligned Composite Oxide Semiconductor)、及びCAAC‐OS(c−axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor)の構成について説明する。なお、本明細書等において、CACは機能、または材料の構成の一例を表し、CAACは結晶構造の一例を表す。
CAC−OSまたはCAC−metal oxideとは、材料の一部では導電性の機能と、材料の一部では絶縁性の機能とを有し、材料の全体では半導体としての機能を有する。なお、CAC−OSまたはCAC−metal oxideを、トランジスタの活性層に用いる場合、導電性の機能は、キャリアとなる電子(またはホール)を流す機能であり、絶縁性の機能は、キャリアとなる電子を流さない機能である。導電性の機能と、絶縁性の機能とを、それぞれ相補的に作用させることで、スイッチングさせる機能(On/Offさせる機能)をCAC−OSまたはCAC−metal oxideに付与することができる。CAC−OSまたはCAC−metal oxideにおいて、それぞれの機能を分離させることで、双方の機能を最大限に高めることができる。
酸化物半導体は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、CAAC−OS、多結晶酸化物半導体、nc−OS(nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor)、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)および非晶質酸化物半導体などがある。
続いて、上記酸化物半導体をトランジスタに用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、酸化物半導体中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
本実施の形態では、上述の実施の形態で説明した半導体装置、又は表示装置を電子機器に適用した製品例について説明する。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置、又は表示装置は、情報端末装置に備えられるディスプレイに適用することができる。図13(A)は、情報端末装置の一種であるノート型パーソナルコンピュータであり、筐体5401、表示部5402、キーボード5403、ポインティングデバイス5404等を有する。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置、又は表示装置は、ウェアラブル端末に適用することができる。図13(B)はウェアラブル端末の一種であるスマートウォッチであり、筐体5901、表示部5902、操作ボタン5903、操作子5904、バンド5905などを有する。また、表示部5902に、位置入力装置としての機能が付加された表示装置を用いるようにしてもよい。また、位置入力装置としての機能は、表示装置にタッチパネルを設けることで付加することができる。あるいは、位置入力装置としての機能は、フォトセンサとも呼ばれる光電変換素子を表示装置の画素部に設けることでも、付加することができる。また、操作ボタン5903にスマートウォッチを起動する電源スイッチ、スマートウォッチのアプリケーションを操作するボタン、音量調整ボタン、または表示部5902を点灯、あるいは消灯するスイッチなどのいずれかを備えることができる。また、図13(B)に示したスマートウォッチでは、操作ボタン5903の数を2個示しているが、スマートウォッチの有する操作ボタンの数は、これに限定されない。また、操作子5904は、スマートウォッチの時刻合わせを行うリューズとして機能する。また、操作子5904は、時刻合わせ以外に、スマートウォッチのアプリケーションを操作する入力インターフェースとして、用いるようにしてもよい。なお、図13(B)に示したスマートウォッチでは、操作子5904を有する構成となっているが、これに限定せず、操作子5904を有さない構成であってもよい。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置、又は表示装置は、ビデオカメラに適用することができる。図13(C)に示すビデオカメラは、第1筐体5801、第2筐体5802、表示部5803、操作キー5804、レンズ5805、接続部5806等を有する。操作キー5804及びレンズ5805は第1筐体5801に設けられており、表示部5803は第2筐体5802に設けられている。そして、第1筐体5801と第2筐体5802とは、接続部5806により接続されており、第1筐体5801と第2筐体5802の間の角度は、接続部5806により変更が可能である。表示部5803における映像を、接続部5806における第1筐体5801と第2筐体5802との間の角度に従って切り替える構成としてもよい。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置、又は表示装置は、携帯電話に適用することができる。図13(D)は、情報端末の機能を有する携帯電話であり、筐体5501、表示部5502、マイク5503、スピーカ5504、操作ボタン5505を有する。また、表示部5502に、位置入力装置としての機能が付加された表示装置を用いるようにしてもよい。また、位置入力装置としての機能は、表示装置にタッチパネルを設けることで付加することができる。あるいは、位置入力装置としての機能は、フォトセンサとも呼ばれる光電変換素子を表示装置の画素部に設けることでも、付加することができる。また、操作ボタン5505に携帯電話を起動する電源スイッチ、携帯電話のアプリケーションを操作するボタン、音量調整ボタン、または表示部5502を点灯、あるいは消灯するスイッチなどのいずれかを備えることができる。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置、又は表示装置は、テレビジョン装置に適用することができる。図13(E)に示すテレビジョン装置は、筐体9000、表示部9001、スピーカ9003、操作キー9005(電源スイッチ、または操作スイッチを含む)、接続端子9006などを有する。テレビジョン装置は、大画面、例えば、50インチ以上、または100インチ以上の表示部9001を組み込むことが可能である。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置、又は表示装置は、移動体である自動車の運転席周辺に適用することができる。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置、又は表示装置は、電子広告を用途とするディスプレイに適用することができる。図14(A)は、壁に取り付けが可能な電子看板(デジタルサイネージ)の例を示している。図14(A)は、電子看板6200が壁6201に取り付けられている様子を示している。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置、又は表示装置は、タブレット型の情報端末に適用することができる。図14(B)には、折り畳むことができる構造を有するタブレット型の情報端末を示している。図14(B)に示す情報端末は、筐体5321aと、筐体5321bと、表示部5322と、操作ボタン5323と、を有している。特に、表示部5322は可撓性を有する基材を有しており、当該基材によって折り畳むことができる構造を実現できる。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で例示した電子機器に適用可能な半導体装置について説明する。以下で例示する半導体装置は、記憶装置として機能することができる。
本明細書に記載の実施の形態、及び実施例における各構成の説明について、以下に付記する。
各実施の形態、及び実施例に示す構成は、他の実施の形態に示す構成と適宜組み合わせて、本発明の一態様とすることができる。また、1つの実施の形態の中に、複数の構成例が示される場合は、互いに構成例を適宜組み合わせることが可能である。
本明細書等において、「第1」、「第2」、「第3」という序数詞は、構成要素の混同を避けるために付したものである。従って、構成要素の数を限定するものではない。また、構成要素の順序を限定するものではない。また例えば、本明細書等の実施の形態(又は実施例)の一において「第1」に言及された構成要素が、他の実施の形態(又は実施例)、あるいは特許請求の範囲において「第2」に言及された構成要素とすることもありうる。また例えば、本明細書等の実施の形態(又は実施例)の一において「第1」に言及された構成要素を、他の実施の形態、あるいは特許請求の範囲において省略することもありうる。
実施の形態(又は実施例)について図面を参照しながら説明している。但し、実施の形態(又は実施例)は多くの異なる態様で実施することが可能であり、趣旨及びその範囲から逸脱することなく、その形態及び詳細を様々に変更し得ることは当業者であれば容易に理解される。従って、本発明は、実施の形態(又は実施例)の記載内容に限定して解釈されるものではない。なお、実施の形態の発明の構成(又は実施例の構成)において、同一部分又は同様な機能を有する部分には同一の符号を異なる図面間で共通して用い、その繰り返しの説明は省略する。
本明細書等において、トランジスタの接続関係を説明する際、「ソース又はドレインの一方」(又は第1電極、又は第1端子)、「ソース又はドレインの他方」(又は第2電極、又は第2端子)という表記を用いる。これは、トランジスタのソースとドレインは、トランジスタの構造又は動作条件等によって変わるためである。なおトランジスタのソースとドレインの呼称については、ソース(ドレイン)端子や、ソース(ドレイン)電極等、状況に応じて適切に言い換えることができる。また、本明細書等では、ゲート以外の2つの端子を第1端子、第2端子と呼ぶ場合や、第3端子、第4端子と呼ぶ場合がある。なお、本明細書等において、チャネル形成領域はチャネルが形成される領域を指し、ゲートに電位を印加することでこの領域が形成されて、ソース‐ドレイン間に電流を流すことができる。
以下では、上記実施の形態、及び実施例で言及した語句の定義について説明する。
半導体の不純物とは、例えば、半導体層を構成する主成分以外をいう。例えば、濃度が0.1原子%未満の元素は不純物である。不純物が含まれることにより、例えば、半導体にDOS(Density of States)が形成されることや、キャリア移動度が低下することや、結晶性が低下することなどが起こる場合がある。半導体が酸化物半導体である場合、半導体の特性を変化させる不純物としては、例えば、第1族元素、第2族元素、第13族元素、第14族元素、第15族元素、主成分以外の遷移金属などがあり、特に、例えば、水素(水にも含まれる)、リチウム、ナトリウム、シリコン、ホウ素、リン、炭素、窒素などがある。酸化物半導体の場合、例えば水素などの不純物の混入によって酸素欠損を形成する場合がある。また、半導体がシリコン層である場合、半導体の特性を変化させる不純物としては、例えば、酸素、水素を除く第1族元素、第2族元素、第13族元素、第15族元素などがある。
本明細書等において、スイッチとは、導通状態(オン状態)、又は、非導通状態(オフ状態)になり、電流を流すか流さないかを制御する機能を有するものをいう。又は、スイッチとは、電流を流す経路を選択して切り替える機能を有するものをいう。
本明細書等において、XとYとが接続されている、と記載する場合は、XとYとが電気的に接続されている場合と、XとYとが機能的に接続されている場合と、XとYとが直接接続されている場合とを含むものとする。したがって、所定の接続関係、例えば、図又は文章に示された接続関係に限定されず、図又は文章に示された接続関係以外のものも含むものとする。
Claims (8)
- 第1回路と、第2回路と、画像信号線と、を有し、
前記第1回路は、画像データ保持部と、表示素子と、を有し、
前記第2回路は、補正データ保持部を有し、
前記第2回路は、前記画像信号線に電気的に接続され、
前記画像信号線は、前記第1回路に電気的に接続され、
前記画像データ保持部は、前記表示素子に電気的に接続され、
前記第1回路は、前記画像データ保持部に、前記第1画像データを保持する機能を有し、
前記第2回路は、
前記補正データ保持部に、補正データを保持する機能と、
前記画像信号線と前記画像データ保持部に保持されている前記第1画像データを、前記補正データに応じて第2画像データに補正する機能と、を有し、
前記表示素子は、前記第2画像データに応じた画像を表示する機能を有する表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第2回路は、第1乃至第3スイッチと、第1容量素子と、を有し、
前記第1回路は、第4スイッチと、第2容量素子と、を有し、
前記第1スイッチの第1端子は、前記第1容量素子の第1端子と、前記画像信号線と、に電気的に接続され、
前記第1スイッチの第2端子は、前記第2スイッチの第1端子に電気的に接続され、
前記補正データ保持部は、前記第2スイッチの第2端子と、前記第1容量素子の第2端子と、前記第3スイッチの第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、
前記第4スイッチの第1端子は、前記画像信号線と電気的に接続され、
前記画像データ保持部は、前記第4スイッチの第2端子と、前記第2容量素子と、に電気的に接続される表示装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記第1乃至第4スイッチの少なくとも一は、トランジスタであり、
前記トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に、金属酸化物又はシリコンの一方を有する表示装置。 - 請求項2、又は請求項3において、
第1乃至第4機能を有し、
前記第1機能は、
前記第2スイッチをオフ状態にし、前記第3スイッチをオン状態にして、前記補正データ保持部に第1電位を書き込む機能と、
前記第2スイッチをオフ状態にし、前記第1スイッチ及び前記第4スイッチのそれぞれをオン状態にして、前記画像信号線と、前記画像データ保持部と、に前記第1画像データに応じた第2電位を書き込む機能と、を有し、
前記第2機能は、
前記第1スイッチをオフ状態にし、前記第4スイッチをオン状態にして、前記画像信号線と、前記画像データ保持部と、を電気的に浮遊状態にする機能を有し、
前記第3機能は、
前記第1スイッチ及び前記第3スイッチのそれぞれをオフ状態にし、前記第2スイッチをオン状態にして、前記補正データ保持部に前記補正データに応じた第3電位を書き込む機能と、
前記第1容量素子の第2端子の電位が、前記第1電位から前記第3電位に変動したことによって、前記画像信号線と前記画像データ保持部とによって保持されている第2電位が、前記第2画像データに応じた第4電位に変動する機能と、を有し、
前記第4機能は、
前記第4スイッチをオフ状態にして、前記第4電位に応じて前記表示素子を駆動する機能を有する表示装置。 - 請求項4において、
前記第2電位は、前記第2画像データの上位ビットに応じた電位であり、
前記第3電位は、前記第2画像データの下位ビットに応じた電位である表示装置。 - 請求項2乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
前記表示素子は、液晶素子であり、
前記液晶素子の第1端子は、前記画像データ保持部に電気的に接続されている表示装置。 - 請求項2乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
前記表示素子は、発光素子であり、
駆動回路部を有し、
前記駆動回路部は駆動トランジスタを有し、
前記駆動トランジスタのゲートは、前記画像データ保持部に電気的に接続され、
前記駆動トランジスタの第1端子は、前記第2容量素子の第2端子と、前記発光素子の入力端子と、に電気的に接続されている表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一に記載の表示装置と、筐体と、を有する電子機器。
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JPWO2019123064A1 (ja) | 2021-01-21 |
JP2024156801A (ja) | 2024-11-06 |
JP2023165703A (ja) | 2023-11-17 |
TWI825051B (zh) | 2023-12-11 |
CN111433838B (zh) | 2025-03-04 |
TW201933313A (zh) | 2019-08-16 |
US11120764B2 (en) | 2021-09-14 |
CN111433838A (zh) | 2020-07-17 |
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