WO2019097162A1 - Superalliage a base de nickel, aube monocristalline et turbomachine - Google Patents
Superalliage a base de nickel, aube monocristalline et turbomachine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019097162A1 WO2019097162A1 PCT/FR2018/052839 FR2018052839W WO2019097162A1 WO 2019097162 A1 WO2019097162 A1 WO 2019097162A1 FR 2018052839 W FR2018052839 W FR 2018052839W WO 2019097162 A1 WO2019097162 A1 WO 2019097162A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- superalloy
- hafnium
- rhenium
- chromium
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 208000003351 Melanosis Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 206010014970 Ephelides Diseases 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical group [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000995 CMSX-10 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001011 CMSX-4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001012 TMS-138 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005328 electron beam physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDBRNDSHEYLDJV-FVGYRXGTSA-M naproxen sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C1=C([C@H](C)C([O-])=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CDBRNDSHEYLDJV-FVGYRXGTSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000907 nickel aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002077 partially stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/057—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
- F05D2300/132—Chromium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/17—Alloys
- F05D2300/175—Superalloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/17—Alloys
- F05D2300/177—Ni - Si alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/607—Monocrystallinity
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to nickel-based superalloys for gas turbines, especially for stationary blades, also called distributors or rectifiers, or mobile gas turbine, for example in the field of aeronautics.
- nickel-based superalloys for monocrystalline blades have undergone significant changes in chemical composition, in particular to improve their creep properties at high temperature while maintaining environmental resistance. very aggressive in which these superalloys are used.
- metal coatings adapted to these alloys have been developed to increase their resistance to the aggressive environment in which these alloys are used, including the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance.
- a ceramic coating of low thermal conductivity, fulfilling a thermal barrier function may be added to reduce the temperature at the surface of the metal.
- a complete protection system comprises at least two layers.
- the first layer also called underlayer or bonding layer
- the deposition step is followed by a diffusion step of the underlayer in the superalloy.
- Depositing and broadcasting can also be done in a single step.
- the second layer generally called thermal barrier or "TBC” according to the acronym for "Thermal Barrier Coating” is a ceramic coating comprising for example yttria zirconia, also called “YSZ” according to the acronym English for “Yttria Stabilized Zirconia” or “YPSZ” according to the acronym for "Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia” and having a porous structure.
- TBC thermal barrier
- This layer can be deposited by various processes, such as electron beam evaporation (“EB-PVD” according to the acronym for “Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition”), the thermal projection (“APS”) according to the acronym for “Atmospheric Plasma Spraying” or “SPS” according to the acronym for “Suspension Plasma Spraying”), or any other method for obtaining a porous ceramic coating with low thermal conductivity.
- EB-PVD electron beam evaporation
- APS thermal projection
- SPS Stension Plasma Spraying
- foundry defects are likely to form in the parts, such as blades, during their manufacture by directed solidification. These defects are generally parasitic grains of the "Freckle" type, the presence of which can cause a premature rupture of the part in service. The presence of these defects, related to the chemical composition of the superalloy, generally leads to the rejection of the part, which leads to an increase in the cost of production.
- the present disclosure aims to provide nickel-based superalloy compositions for the manufacture of monocrystalline components, having improved performance in terms of service life and mechanical strength and to reduce the costs of production of the part (reduction of the scrap rate) compared to existing alloys.
- These superalloys have a higher high temperature creep resistance than existing alloys while showing good microstructural stability in the superalloy volume (low sensitivity to PTC formation), good microstructural stability under the coating undercoat.
- the thermal barrier low sensitivity to the formation of ZRS
- good resistance to oxidation and corrosion while avoiding the formation of parasitic grains of the "Freckle" type.
- the present disclosure relates to a nickel-based superalloy comprising, in percentages by weight, 4.0 to 5.5% of rhenium, 1.0 to 3.0 of ruthenium, 2.0 to 14, 0% cobalt, 0.30 to 1.00% molybdenum, 3.0 to 5.0% chromium, 2.5 to 4.0% tungsten, 4.5 to 6.5% aluminum, 0.50 to 1.50% titanium, 8.0 to 9.0% tantalum, 0.15 to 0.30% hafnium, preferably 0.16 to 0.30% hafnium, preferably 0, 17 to 0.30% of hafnium, preferably 0.18 to 0.30% of hafnium, preferably 0.08 to 0.12% of silicon, still more preferably 0.10% of silicon, still more preferably 0.20 to 0.30% hafnium, 0.05 to 0.15% silicon, the balance being nickel and unavoidable impurities.
- This superalloy is intended for the manufacture of monocrystalline gas turbine components, such as blades or mobile blades.
- Ni nickel-based superalloy
- This alloy therefore has an improved high temperature creep resistance. This alloy also has improved resistance to corrosion and oxidation.
- These superalloys have a density of less than or equal to 9.00 g / cm 3 (gram per cubic centimeter).
- a nickel-based superalloy monocrystalline part is obtained by a solidification process directed under a thermal gradient in a lost wax foundry.
- the nickel-based monocrystalline superalloy comprises an austenitic matrix of face centered cubic structure, nickel-based solid solution, called gamma phase ("y").
- This matrix contains gamma prime hardening phase precipitates ("G '") of ordered cubic structure Ll 2 of Ni 3 Al type.
- the set (matrix and precipitates) is therefore described as a superalloy g / g '.
- this composition of the nickel-based superalloy allows the implementation of a heat treatment which restores the phase precipitates g 'and the eutectic phases g / g' which are formed during the solidification of the superalloy. It is thus possible to obtain a nickel-based monocrystalline superalloy containing controlled size precipitates, preferably of between 300 and 500 nanometers (nm), and containing a small proportion of eutectic phases g / g '.
- the heat treatment also makes it possible to control the volume fraction of the phase precipitates g 'present in the monocrystalline superalloy based on nickel.
- the volume percentage of the phase precipitates g ' may be greater than or equal to 50%, preferably greater than or equal to 60%, even more preferably equal to 70%.
- the major addition elements are cobalt (Co), chromium
- the minor addition elements are hafnium (Hf) and silicon (Si), for which the maximum mass content is less than 1% by weight.
- unavoidable impurities include sulfur (S), carbon (C), boron (B), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce).
- Unavoidable impurities are those elements that are not intentionally added to the composition and that are provided with other elements.
- tungsten, chromium, cobalt, rhenium, ruthenium or molybdenum mainly serves to strengthen the austenitic matrix g of cubic crystalline structure with centered faces (cfc) by hardening in solid solution.
- Rhenium (Re) slows the diffusion of chemical species within the superalloy and limit the coalescence of phase precipitates g 'during service at high temperature, which causes a reduction in mechanical strength. Rhenium thus makes it possible to improve the creep resistance at high nickel-based superalloy temperature.
- an excessively high concentration of rhenium can precipitate PTC intermetallic phases, for example phase s, phase P or phase m, which have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the superalloy. Too high a concentration of rhenium can also cause the formation of a secondary reaction zone in the superalloy under the underlayer, which has a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the superalloy.
- the addition of ruthenium makes it possible in particular to displace part of the rhenium in the g 'phase and to limit the formation of PTC.
- the simultaneous addition of silicon and hafnium makes it possible to improve the resistance to hot oxidation of nickel-based superalloys by increasing the adhesion of the layer of alumina (Al2O3) that forms on the surface. superalloy at high temperature.
- This alumina layer forms a surface passivation layer of the nickel-based superalloy and a barrier to the diffusion of oxygen from the outside to the inside of the nickel-based superalloy.
- hafnium without also adding silicon or conversely add silicon without also adding hafnium and still improve the resistance to hot oxidation of the superalloy.
- chromium or aluminum makes it possible to improve the resistance to oxidation and corrosion at high temperature of the superalloy.
- chromium is essential for increasing the hot corrosion resistance of nickel-based superalloys.
- an excessively high content of chromium tends to reduce the solvus temperature of the phase y 'of the nickel-based superalloy, that is to say the temperature above which the phase y' is totally dissolved in the matrix y, which is undesirable.
- the concentration of chromium is between 3.0 and 5.0% by weight in order to maintain a high solvus temperature of the phase y 'of the nickel-based superalloy, for example greater than or equal to 1250 ° C., but also to avoid the formation of topologically compact phases in the highly saturated matrix y in alloying elements such as rhenium, molybdenum or tungsten.
- cobalt which is a nickel-like element and which partially replaces nickel, forms a solid solution with the nickel in the y-matrix.
- Cobalt makes it possible to reinforce the matrix y, reduce the sensitivity to PTC precipitation and ZRS formation in the superalloy under the protective coating.
- an excessively high cobalt content tends to reduce the solvate temperature of the g 'phase of the nickel-based superalloy, which is undesirable.
- the addition of ruthenium makes it possible to reinforce the matrix g and to reduce the sensitivity of the superalloy to the formation of PTC.
- the addition of ruthenium makes it possible in particular to displace part of the rhenium in the g 'phase and to limit the formation of PTC.
- the addition of ruthenium may also have a beneficial effect on the adhesion of the ceramic coating.
- refractory elements such as molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium or tantalum slows down the mechanisms controlling the creep of superalloys based on nickel and which depend on the diffusion of the chemical elements in the superalloy. .
- a very low sulfur content in a nickel-based superalloy makes it possible to increase the resistance to oxidation and hot corrosion as well as the resistance to flaking of the thermal barrier.
- a low sulfur content less than 2 ppm by weight (parts per million by weight), or ideally less than 0.5 ppm by weight, makes it possible to optimize these properties.
- Such a sulfur content by mass can be obtained by preparing a low-sulfur master batch or by a desulfurization process carried out after the casting. In particular, it is possible to maintain a low sulfur content by adapting the process for producing the superalloy.
- the superalloy may comprise, in percentages by mass, 4.5 to 5.5% of rhenium, 1.0 to 3.0 of ruthenium, 3.0 to 5.0% of cobalt, 0.30 to 0, 80% molybdenum, 3.0 to 4.5% chromium, 2.5 to 4.0% tungsten, 4.5 to 6.5% aluminum, 0.50 to 1.50% titanium, 8.0 to 9.0% of tantalum, 0.15 to 0.30% of hafnium, preferably 0.17 to 0.30% of hafnium, still more preferably 0.20 to 0.30% of hafnium, 0.05 to 0.15% silicon, the balance being nickel and inevitable impurities.
- the superalloy may comprise, in mass percentages, 4.0 to 5.5% of rhenium, 1.0 to 3.0 of ruthenium, 3.0 to 13.0% of cobalt, 0.40 to 1, 00% molybdenum, 3.0 to 4.5% chromium, 2.5 to 4.0% tungsten, 4.5 to 6.5% aluminum, 0.50 to 1.50% titanium, 8.0 to 9.0% of tantalum, 0.15 to 0.30% of hafnium, preferably 0.17 to 0.30% of hafnium, still more preferably 0.20 to 0.30% of hafnium, 0.05 to 0.15% silicon, the balance being nickel and inevitable impurities.
- the superalloy may comprise, in mass percentages, 4.0 to 5.0% of rhenium, 1.0 to 3.0 of ruthenium, 11.0 to 13.0% of cobalt, 0.40 to 1, 00% molybdenum, 3.0 to 4.5% chromium, 2.5 to 4.0% tungsten, 4.5 to 6.5% aluminum, 0.50 to 1.50% titanium, 8.0 to 9.0% of tantalum, 0.15 to 0.30% of hafnium, preferably 0.17 to 0.30% of hafnium, still more preferably 0.20 to 0.30% of hafnium, 0.05 to 0.15% silicon, the balance being nickel and inevitable impurities.
- the superalloy may comprise, in mass percentages, 5.0% rhenium, 2.0 ruthenium, 4.0% cobalt, 0.50% molybdenum, 4.0% chromium, 3.0% of tungsten, 5.4% aluminum, 1.00% titanium, 8.5% tantalum, 0.25% hafnium, 0.10% silicon, the balance being nickel and inevitable impurities .
- the superalloy may comprise, in mass percentages, 5.0% rhenium, 2.0 ruthenium, 4.0% cobalt, 0.50% molybdenum, 4.0% chromium, 3.5% of tungsten, 5.4% aluminum, 0.90% titanium, 8.5% tantalum, 0.25% hafnium, 0.10% silicon, the balance being nickel and inevitable impurities .
- the superalloy may comprise, in mass percentages, 4.4% rhenium, 2.0 ruthenium, 4.0% cobalt, 0.70% molybdenum, 4.0% chromium, 3.0% of tungsten, 5.4% aluminum, 1.00% titanium, 8.5% tantalum, 0.25% hafnium, 0.10% silicon, the balance being nickel and inevitable impurities .
- the superalloy may comprise, in mass percentages, 4.4% of rhenium, 2.0 of ruthenium, 12.0% of cobalt, 0.70% of molybdenum, 4.0% chromium, 3.0% tungsten, 5.4% aluminum, 1.00% titanium, 8.5% tantalum, 0.25% hafnium, 0.10% silicon, the remainder being nickel and inevitable impurities.
- the superalloy may comprise, in mass percentages, 5.0% rhenium, 2.0 ruthenium, 4.0% cobalt, 0.50% molybdenum, 3.5% chromium, 3.5% of tungsten, 5.4% aluminum, 0.90% titanium, 8.5% tantalum, 0.25% hafnium, 0.10% silicon, the balance being nickel and inevitable impurities .
- the superalloy may comprise, in mass percentages, 4.4% rhenium, 2.0 ruthenium, 12.0% cobalt, 0.70% molybdenum, 3.5% chromium, 3.5% of tungsten, 5.4% aluminum, 0.90% titanium, 8.5% tantalum, 0.25% hafnium, 0.10% silicon, the balance being nickel and inevitable impurities .
- the present disclosure also relates to a monocrystalline blade for a turbomachine comprising a superalloy as defined above.
- This blade thus has an improved high temperature creep resistance.
- the blade may comprise a protective coating comprising a metal underlayer deposited on the superalloy and a ceramic thermal barrier deposited on the metal underlayer.
- the composition of the nickel-based superalloy Thanks to the composition of the nickel-based superalloy, the formation of a secondary reaction zone in the superalloy resulting from inter-diffusion phenomena between the superalloy and the underlayer is avoided, or limited.
- the metal underlayer may be a MCrAlY type alloy or a nickel aluminide type alloy.
- the ceramic thermal barrier may be a yttria-based zirconia material or any other ceramic coating (based on zirconia) with a low thermal conductivity.
- the blade may have a structure oriented in a crystallographic direction ⁇ 001>. This orientation generally gives the optimum mechanical properties at dawn.
- the present disclosure also relates to a turbomachine comprising a blade as defined above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a turbomachine
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the parameter NFP (No-Freckles Parameter) for various superalloys
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the volume fraction of phase g 'at different temperatures and for different superalloys.
- the nickel-based superalloys are intended for the manufacture of monocrystalline blades by a method of solidification directed in a thermal gradient.
- the use of a monocrystalline seed or a grain selector at the beginning of solidification makes it possible to obtain this monocrystalline structure.
- the structure is oriented for example in a ⁇ 001> crystallographic direction which is the orientation which generally gives the optimum mechanical properties to the superalloys.
- the monocrystalline superalloys based on crude nickel solidification have a dendritic structure and consist of precipitates g 'Nl 3 (AI, Ti, Ta) dispersed in a matrix g of face-centered cubic structure, solid solution based on nickel. These phase precipitates g 'are heterogeneously distributed in the volume of the single crystal because of chemical segregations resulting from the solidification process.
- the eutectic phases g / g ' are formed to the detriment of precipitated ends (size less than one micrometer) hardening phase g'.
- These g 'phase precipitates are the main source of hardening nickel-based superalloys.
- the presence of eutectic g / g 'residual phases does not optimize the hot creep resistance of the nickel-based superalloy.
- the solid nickel-based superalloys of solidification are therefore heat-treated to obtain the desired distribution of the different phases.
- the first heat treatment is a homogenization treatment of the microstructure which aims to dissolve the phase precipitates g 'and to eliminate the eutectic phases g / g' or to significantly reduce their volume fraction. This treatment is carried out at a temperature higher than the solvus temperature of the phase g 'and lower than the starting melting temperature of the superalloy (T SO iidus) ⁇ A quenching is then performed at the end of this first heat treatment to obtain a fine and homogeneous dispersion of the precipitates g '. Heat treatment of income is then carried out in two stages, at temperatures below the solvus temperature of the phase g '. In a first step, to enlarge the precipitates g 'and obtain the desired size, then in a second step, to increase the volume fraction of this phase to about 70% at room temperature.
- FIG. 1 represents, in section along a vertical plane passing through its main axis A, a turbofan engine 10.
- the turbofan engine 10 comprises, from upstream to downstream according to the flow of air flow, a blower 12, a low-pressure compressor 14, a high-pressure compressor 16, a combustion chamber 18, a high-pressure turbine 20, and a low-pressure turbine 22.
- the high pressure turbine 20 comprises a plurality of blades 20A rotating with the rotor and 20B rectifiers (fixed vanes) mounted on the stator.
- the stator of the turbine 20 comprises a plurality of stator rings 24 arranged vis-à-vis the blades 20A of the turbine 20.
- a blade 20A or a rectifier 20B for a turbomachine comprising a superalloy as defined previously coated with a protective coating comprising a metal underlayer
- a turbomachine may in particular be a turbojet engine such as a turbojet engine 10.
- the turbomachine may also be a single-turbojet, a turboprop or a turbine engine.
- Example 6 Six nickel-based monocrystalline superalloys of the present disclosure (Ex 1 to Ex 6) were studied and compared to six commercial monocrystalline superalloys CMSX-4 (Ex 7), CMSX-4PlusC (Ex 8), René N6 (Ex 9), CMSX-10 (Ex 10), MC-NG (Ex il) and TMS-138 (Ex 12).
- the chemical composition of each of the monocrystalline superalloys is given in Table 1, composition Ex 9 further comprising 0.05% by weight of carbon (C) and 0.004% by weight of boron (B), the composition Ex 10 comprising in part in addition to 0.10% by weight of niobium (Nb). All these superalloys are nickel-based superalloys, that is to say that the complement to 100% of the compositions presented consists of nickel and unavoidable impurities.
- the density at room temperature of each superalloy was estimated using a modified version of the Hull formula (F.C. Hull, Metal Progress, November 1969, ppl39-140).
- This empirical equation has been proposed by Hull.
- the empirical equation is based on the law of mixtures and includes corrective terms deduced from a linear regression analysis of experimental data (chemical compositions and measured densities) concerning 235 superalloys and stainless steels.
- This Hull formula has been modified to take into account elements such as rhenium and ruthenium.
- the modified Hull formula is:
- D NI, ..., X D are the densities of the elements Cr, Ni, ..., X expressed in lb / in 3 (pounds per cubic inch) and D is the density of the superalloy expressed in g / cm 3 .
- % Cr,% Ni, ...% X are the contents, expressed in percentages by weight, of the elements of the superalloy Cr, Ni, ..., X.
- the densities calculated for the alloys of the presentation and for the reference alloys are less than 9.00 g / cm 3 (see Table 2).
- the comparison between the estimated and measured densities (see Table 2) makes it possible to validate the modified Hull model (equation (1)).
- the densities estimated and measured are consistent.
- Table 2 shows various parameters for superalloys Ex 1 to Ex 12.
- NFP [% Ta + 1.5% Hf + 0.5% Mo - 0.5%% Ti)] / [% W + 1,2
- % Cr,% Ni, ...% X are the contents, expressed in percentages by weight, of the elements of the superalloy Cr, Ni, ..., X.
- the parameter NFP makes it possible to quantify the sensitivity to the formation of "Freckles" -specific grains during the directional solidification of the part (US Pat. No. 5,888,451). To avoid the formation of "Freckles" type defects, the NFP parameter must be greater than or equal to 0.7.
- the superalloys Ex 1 to Ex 6 all have a higher NFP parameter or equal to 0.7 whereas the commercial superalloys Ex 7 to Ex 12 have an NFP parameter of less than 0.7.
- the RGP parameter makes it possible to estimate the degree of hardening of the phase g ':
- C Ti , C Ta , C w and C Ai are the respective atomic percentage concentrations of the elements Ti, Ta, W and Al in the superalloy.
- the parameter Md is defined as s it:
- Xj is the fraction of the element i in the superalloy expressed as an atomic percentage, (Md), is the value of the parameter Md for the element i.
- Table 3 shows the values of Md for the different elements of the superalloys.
- the sensitivity to the formation of PTC is determined by the Md parameter, according to the New PHACOMP method which has been developed by Morinaga et al. (Morinaga et al., New PHACOMP and its application to alloy design, Superalloys 1984, edited by M Gell et al., The Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, PA, USA (1984) pp. 523-532). According to this model, the sensitivity of the superalloys to the formation of PTC increases with the value of the parameter Md.
- the superalloys Ex 1 to Ex 12 have values of the parameter Md substantially equal. These superalloys thus have sensitivities similar to the formation of PTC, sensitivities that are relatively low.
- ThermoCalc software (Ni25 database) based on the CALPHAD method was used to calculate the solvus temperature of the equilibrium phase y '.
- the superalloys Ex 1 to Ex 6 have a high solvus temperature y 'comparable to the solvus temperature y' commercial superalloys Ex 7 to Ex 12.
- ThermoCalc software (database NI25) based on the CALPHAD method was used to calculate the volume fraction (in percentage by volume) of phase y 'at equilibrium in the superalloys Ex 1 to Ex 12 at 950 ° C. , 1050 ° C and 1200 ° C.
- the superalloys Ex 1 to Ex 6 contain volumic fractions of phase y 'greater than or comparable to the volume fractions of phase y' commercial superalloys Ex 7 to Ex 12.
- the combination of a high solvus temperature y and high volume fractions of phase y 'for superalloys Ex 1 to Ex 6 is favorable to good creep resistance at high temperature and very high temperature, by example at 1200 ° C. This resistance must thus be greater than the creep resistance of the commercial superalloys Ex 7 to Ex 12.
- ThermoCalc software (Ni25 database) based on the CALPHAD method was used to calculate the volume fraction (as a percentage by volume) of equilibrium phase s in the superalloys Ex 1 to Ex 12 at 950 ° C. and 1050 ° C (see Table 5).
- ThermoCalc software (Ni25 database) based on the CALPHAD method was used to calculate the chromium content (in weight percent) in equilibrium phase y in the Ex 1 to Ex 12 superalloys at 950 ° C. , 1050 ° C and 1200 ° C.
- the chromium concentrations in the y phase for the superalloys Ex 1 to Ex 6 are comparable to the chromium concentrations in the y phase for the commercial superalloys Ex 7 to Ex 12, which which is favorable to good resistance to corrosion and hot oxidation.
- Creep tests were carried out on Ex 2, Ex 7, Ex 9 and Ex 10 superalloys. The creep tests are carried out at 1200 ° C. and 80 MPa according to the NF EN ISO 204 standard of August 2009 (cf. Guide U125_J).
- the superalloy Ex 2 has a better creep behavior than the superalloys Ex 7 and Ex 9.
- the superalloy Ex 10 also has good creep properties.
- a specimen of the tested superalloy (peg having a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 1 mm) is subjected to thermal cycling, each cycle comprises a rise at 1150 ° C. in less than 15 min (minutes), a bearing at 1150 ° C for 60 min and a turbined cooling of the test piece for 15 min.
- the thermal cycle is repeated until observation of a mass loss of the test piece equal to 20 mg / cm 2 (milligrams per square centimeter).
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RU2020119485A RU2774764C2 (ru) | 2017-11-14 | 2018-11-14 | Суперсплав на никелевой основе, монокристаллическая лопатка и турбомашина |
US16/763,816 US11396685B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2018-11-14 | Nickel-based superalloy, single-crystal blade and turbomachine |
CA3081896A CA3081896A1 (fr) | 2017-11-14 | 2018-11-14 | Superalliage a base de nickel, aube monocristalline et turbomachine |
BR112020009498-6A BR112020009498B1 (pt) | 2017-11-14 | 2018-11-14 | Superliga à base de níquel, pá monocristalina para uma turbomáquina, e, turbomáquina |
EP18821710.3A EP3710610B1 (fr) | 2017-11-14 | 2018-11-14 | Superalliage a base de nickel, aube monocristalline et turbomachine |
JP2020544167A JP7305660B2 (ja) | 2017-11-14 | 2018-11-14 | ニッケル基超合金、単結晶ブレード及びターボ機械 |
CN201880073630.8A CN111630195A (zh) | 2017-11-14 | 2018-11-14 | 镍基超级合金、单晶体叶片和涡轮机 |
US17/658,207 US11725261B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2022-04-06 | Nickel-based superalloy, single-crystal blade and turbomachine |
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US17/658,207 Continuation US11725261B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2022-04-06 | Nickel-based superalloy, single-crystal blade and turbomachine |
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WO2020260645A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-30 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en superalliage monocristallin |
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FR3073527B1 (fr) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-11-29 | Safran | Superalliage a base de nickel, aube monocristalline et turbomachine |
FR3101643B1 (fr) * | 2019-10-08 | 2022-05-06 | Safran | Piece d'aeronef en superalliage comprenant du rhenium et/ou du ruthenium et procede de fabrication associe |
FR3108365B1 (fr) | 2020-03-18 | 2022-09-09 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Aube pour turbomachine comprenant un revetement anticorrosion, turbomachine comprenant l’aube et procede de depot du revetement sur l’aube |
FR3125067B1 (fr) * | 2021-07-07 | 2024-01-19 | Safran | Superalliage a base de nickel, aube monocristalline et turbomachine |
FR3138451A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-28 | 2024-02-02 | Safran | Procédé d’application de revêtement et aube de turbine avec revêtement appliqué suivant ce procédé |
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US20220364208A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
EP3710610B1 (fr) | 2023-04-05 |
CA3081896A1 (fr) | 2019-05-23 |
BR112020009498A2 (pt) | 2020-11-03 |
US20210246533A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
JP2021503043A (ja) | 2021-02-04 |
US11725261B2 (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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