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WO2019015224A1 - 过流保护电路 - Google Patents

过流保护电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019015224A1
WO2019015224A1 PCT/CN2017/114866 CN2017114866W WO2019015224A1 WO 2019015224 A1 WO2019015224 A1 WO 2019015224A1 CN 2017114866 W CN2017114866 W CN 2017114866W WO 2019015224 A1 WO2019015224 A1 WO 2019015224A1
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Prior art keywords
overcurrent protection
grounded
protection circuit
diode
cathode
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PCT/CN2017/114866
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨勇
刘方云
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深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司
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Priority to US15/743,658 priority Critical patent/US10637230B2/en
Publication of WO2019015224A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019015224A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H02H7/1257—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to short circuit or wrong polarity in output circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power supply technologies, and in particular, to an overcurrent protection circuit.
  • Power supply as the power supply equipment for all electronic products in addition to the performance to meet the requirements of power supply products, its own protection measures are also very important, such as overvoltage, overcurrent, overheat protection.
  • overvoltage, overcurrent, overheat protection In the event of an electronic product failure, such as when the input side of the electronic product is short-circuited or the output side is open, the power supply must be turned off its output voltage to protect the power device and the output device from being burnt, otherwise it may cause further damage to the electronic product, or even It causes electric shock and fire of the operator. Therefore, the overcurrent protection function of the switching power supply must be perfected.
  • the resistor In the current power circuit design, the resistor is generally used for overcurrent protection. However, when the overcurrent protection circuit is designed for the overcurrent protection circuit, if the resistor is used for overcurrent protection, the overcurrent of the resistor may be burned out and a fire may occur. No improvement is needed.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an overcurrent protection circuit that solves the problem of overcurrent protection of a large current output from a power supply circuit.
  • an overcurrent protection circuit comprising:
  • a current transformer having a primary side winding connected in series with a primary side winding of a transformer for outputting a voltage in a power supply circuit, wherein a secondary side winding is grounded at one end and the other end is connected to an anode of the diode;
  • a first resistor having one end connected to the cathode of the diode and the other end grounded;
  • a second resistor having one end connected to the cathode of the diode and the other end connected to the cathode of the Zener diode;
  • NPN type transistor having a base connected to an anode of the Zener diode, an emitter grounded, and a collector connected to a cathode of the illuminator of the photocoupler;
  • the anode of the illuminator of the optocoupler is connected to the power pin of the LLC chip in the power circuit, and is also connected to the first voltage output terminal in the power circuit via the third resistor;
  • the output end of the photoreceiver of the optocoupler is grounded, and the input end is connected to a second voltage output end of the power circuit, and the input end is also connected to a power pin of the PFC chip in the power circuit.
  • the illuminator of the photocoupler is a light emitting diode.
  • the photoreceiver of the photocoupler is a phototransistor, and the phototransistor emits Extremely the output of the photoreceiver, the collector of the phototransistor is the input of the photoreceiver.
  • the first capacitor further includes one end grounded and the other end connected to the cathode of the diode.
  • the second capacitor further includes one end grounded and the other end connected to the second voltage output end.
  • the ratio of the primary to the secondary of the transformer is 3:1.
  • the current transformer has a secondary side turns ratio of 1:40.
  • the Zener diode has a stable voltage of 3.9 volts.
  • the first resistance is 368 ohms.
  • the secondary side of the transformer is grounded at one end, and the other end is connected to the first voltage output end.
  • the invention also provides an overcurrent protection circuit, comprising:
  • a current transformer having a primary side winding connected in series with a primary side winding of a transformer for outputting a voltage in a power supply circuit, wherein a secondary side winding is grounded at one end and the other end is connected to an anode of the diode;
  • a first resistor having one end connected to the cathode of the diode and the other end grounded;
  • a second resistor having one end connected to the cathode of the diode and the other end connected to the cathode of the Zener diode;
  • triode having a base connected to an anode of the Zener diode, an emitter grounded, and a collector connected to a cathode of the illuminator of the photocoupler;
  • the anode of the illuminator of the optocoupler is connected to the power pin of the LLC chip in the power circuit, and is also connected to the first voltage output terminal in the power circuit via the third resistor;
  • the output end of the photoreceiver of the optocoupler is grounded, and the input end is connected to the second voltage output end of the power circuit, and the input end is also connected to the power pin of the PFC chip in the power circuit;
  • the illuminator of the photocoupler is a light emitting diode
  • the photoreceiver of the photocoupler is a phototransistor
  • the emitter of the phototransistor is the output end of the photoreceiver
  • the collector of the phototransistor is an input end of the photoreceiver
  • the first capacitor further includes one end grounded and the other end connected to the cathode of the diode;
  • a second capacitor is further included, one end of which is grounded and the other end of which is coupled to the second voltage output.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit of the present invention solves the problem of overcurrent protection of a large current output from a power supply circuit, can improve the efficiency of the power supply, and reduce the risk of failure of the power supply due to resistance current limiting.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of an overcurrent protection circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of an overcurrent protection circuit according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an overcurrent protection circuit composed of a current transformer, which can be integrated with various power supply circuits to implement an overcurrent protection function.
  • an overcurrent protection circuit composed of a current transformer, which can be integrated with various power supply circuits to implement an overcurrent protection function.
  • FIG. 1 For the components of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the key current and voltage parameters, reference may be made to the label in FIG. 1 .
  • a power factor correction chip PFC IC
  • a resonant circuit chip LLC IC
  • a PFC circuit is disposed around the PFC chip
  • an LLC circuit is disposed around the LLC chip
  • the input of the external AC power source is In the power circuit, after the transformer T1, the transformer T3, the PFC chip and the LLC chip are processed, the voltage is outputted through the first voltage output terminal V0 connected to the secondary side of the transformer T3, and the primary side of the transformer T3 is also connected to the voltage output terminal VCC through the coil. Internal voltage.
  • PFC IC power factor correction chip
  • LLC IC resonant circuit chip
  • the overcurrent protection circuit of the present invention mainly comprises: a current transformer T2, wherein the primary side winding is connected in series with the primary side winding of the transformer T3, the secondary side winding is grounded at one end, and the other end is connected to the anode of the diode D4; the first resistor R1, One end is connected to the cathode of diode D4, and the other end is grounded; the second resistor R2 has one end connected to the cathode of diode D4 and the other end connected to the cathode of Zener diode ZD1; NPN type transistor Q4 whose base is connected to the anode of Zener diode ZD1, The emitter is grounded, the collector is connected to the cathode of the illuminator IC1A of the photocoupler, the anode of the illuminator IC1A is connected to the power supply pin of the LLC chip in the power supply circuit, and the anode of the illuminator IC1A is also connected to the
  • the illuminator IC1A of the photocoupler is a light emitting diode; the photoreceiver IC1B of the photocoupler is a phototransistor, and the phototransistor emits an output terminal of the photoreceiver IC1B, the set of the phototransistor
  • the electrode is the input of the light receiver IC1B.
  • the first capacitor C8 is further included for filtering, one end of which is grounded, the other end is connected to the cathode of the diode D4, and the second capacitor C7 is used for filtering, one end is grounded, and the other end is connected to the second voltage output end of the power circuit.
  • VCC The secondary side of the transformer T3 is grounded at one end, and the other end is connected to the first voltage output terminal V0 via the diode D1, thereby outputting a voltage and a current I0 to the outside.
  • the output current is I0.
  • the invention mainly utilizes the working principle of converting the primary side of the current transformer into a small current on the secondary side to perform overcurrent protection.
  • the LLC chip and the PFC chip are powered down, and the power supply stops working.
  • the illuminator IC1A is turned on, the power supply voltage of the LLC chip is pulled down, and the LLC circuit stops working.
  • the photoreceiver IC1B is also turned on. When the PFC chip is powered down, the PFC circuit stops working and the power supply is turned off due to overcurrent protection.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit of the present invention solves the problem of overcurrent protection of a large current output from a power supply circuit, and converts the primary side large current into a secondary side small current for overcurrent protection under the action of the current transformer, thereby improving the power supply. Efficiency, reducing the risk of fire caused by resistance current limiting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种过流保护电路，包括：电流互感器（T2），其一次侧绕组（Na）与变压器（T3）的初级侧绕组（Np）串联，二次侧绕组（Nb）一端接地（GND），另一端连接二极管（D4）的阳极；第一电阻（R1），一端连接该二极管（D4）的阴极，另一端接地（GND）；第二电阻（R2），一端连接二极管（D4）的阴极，另一端连接稳压二极管（ZD1）的阴极；NPN型三极管（Q4），基极连接稳压二极管（ZD1）的阳极，发射极接地（GND），集电极连接发光器（IC1A）阴极；发光器（IC1A）的阳极连接LLC芯片（LLC IC），还经由第三电阻（R3）连接第一电压输出端（V0）；光接收器（IC1B）的输出端接地（GND），输入端连接第二电压输出端（VCC），输入端还连接PFC芯片（PFC IC）。该过流保护电路在电源电路输出大电流时能够进行过流保护。

Description

过流保护电路 技术领域
本发明涉及电源技术领域，尤其涉及一种过流保护电路。
背景技术
电源作为一切电子产品的供电设备，除了性能要满足供电产品的要求外，其自身的保护措施也非常重要，如过压、过流、过热保护等。一旦电子产品出现故障时，如电子产品输入侧短路或输出侧开路时，则电源必须关闭其输出电压，才能保护功率器件和输出侧设备等不被烧毁，否则可能引起电子产品的进一步损坏，甚至引起操作人员的触电及火灾等现象，因此，开关电源的过流保护功能一定要完善。
现有电源电路设计中一般采用电阻进行过流保护，但是大功率或者超大功率电源在进行过流保护电路设计时，若采用电阻进行过流保护，可能会导致电阻过功率烧坏，发生火灾，亟需改进。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种过流保护电路，解决电源电路输出大电流的过流保护问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种过流保护电路，包括：
电流互感器，其一次侧绕组与电源电路中用于对外输出电压的变压器的初级侧绕组串联，其二次侧绕组一端接地，另一端连接二极管的阳极；
第一电阻，其一端连接该二极管的阴极，另一端接地；
第二电阻，其一端连接该二极管的阴极，另一端连接稳压二极管的阴极；
NPN型三极管，其基极连接该稳压二极管的阳极，发射极接地，集电极连接光电耦合器的发光器的阴极；
该光电耦合器的发光器的阳极连接电源电路中LLC芯片的电源引脚，还经由第三电阻连接电源电路中的第一电压输出端；
该光电耦合器的光接收器的输出端接地，输入端连接电源电路中的第二电压输出端，该输入端还连接电源电路中PFC芯片的电源引脚。
其中，该光电耦合器的发光器为发光二极管。
其中，该光电耦合器的光接收器为光敏三极管，该光敏三极管的发射 极为该光接收器的输出端，该光敏三极管的集电极为该光接收器的输入端。
其中，还包括第一电容，其一端接地，另一端连接该二极管的阴极。
其中，还包括第二电容，其一端接地，另一端连接该第二电压输出端。
其中，该变压器初次级之间匝比为3:1。
其中，该电流互感器一二次侧匝比为1:40。
其中，该稳压二极管的稳定电压为3.9伏。
其中，该第一电阻为368欧姆。
其中，该变压器的次级侧一端接地，另一端连接该第一电压输出端。
本发明还提供一种过流保护电路，包括：
电流互感器，其一次侧绕组与电源电路中用于对外输出电压的变压器的初级侧绕组串联，其二次侧绕组一端接地，另一端连接二极管的阳极；
第一电阻，其一端连接该二极管的阴极，另一端接地；
第二电阻，其一端连接该二极管的阴极，另一端连接稳压二极管的阴极；
三极管，其基极连接该稳压二极管的阳极，发射极接地，集电极连接光电耦合器的发光器的阴极；
该光电耦合器的发光器的阳极连接电源电路中LLC芯片的电源引脚，还经由第三电阻连接电源电路中的第一电压输出端；
该光电耦合器的光接收器的输出端接地，输入端连接电源电路中的第二电压输出端，该输入端还连接电源电路中PFC芯片的电源引脚；
其中，该光电耦合器的发光器为发光二极管；
其中，该光电耦合器的光接收器为光敏三极管，该光敏三极管的发射极为该光接收器的输出端，该光敏三极管的集电极为该光接收器的输入端；
还包括第一电容，其一端接地，另一端连接该二极管的阴极；
还包括第二电容，其一端接地，另一端连接该第二电压输出端。
综上，本发明的过流保护电路解决了电源电路输出大电流的过流保护问题，可以提高电源的效率，降低电源因电阻限流带来失效起火的风险。
附图说明
下面结合附图，通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述，将使本发明的技术方案及其它有益效果显而易见。
附图中，
图1为本发明过流保护电路一较佳实施例的电路示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1，其为本发明过流保护电路一较佳实施例的电路示意图，本发明提供了一种由电流互感器构成的过流保护电路，可以结合各种电源电路中实现过流保护功能，图1所示实施例中各元件规格及关键电流电压等参数可参照图1中的标注。图1中的整个电源电路还包括功率因数校正芯片(PFC IC)和谐振电路芯片(LLC IC)等元件，围绕PFC芯片设有PFC电路，围绕LLC芯片设有LLC电路，外部交流电源的输入经电源电路中变压器T1，变压器T3，PFC芯片及LLC芯片等元件处理后，通过变压器T3次级侧连接的第一电压输出端V0对外输出电压，变压器T3初级侧还通过线圈连接电压输出端VCC输出内部电压。
本发明的过流保护电路主要包括：电流互感器T2，其一次侧绕组与变压器T3的初级侧绕组串联，其二次侧绕组一端接地，另一端连接二极管D4的阳极；第一电阻R1，其一端连接二极管D4的阴极，另一端接地；第二电阻R2，其一端连接二极管D4的阴极，另一端连接稳压二极管ZD1的阴极；NPN型三极管Q4，其基极连接稳压二极管ZD1的阳极，发射极接地，集电极连接光电耦合器的发光器IC1A的阴极，发光器IC1A的阳极连接电源电路中LLC芯片的电源引脚，发光器IC1A的阳极还经由第三电阻R3连接电源电路中的第一电压输出端V0；光电耦合器的光接收器IC1B的输出端接地，输入端连接电源电路中的第二电压输出端VCC，输入端还连接电源电路中PFC芯片的电源引脚。
在此较佳实施例中，光电耦合器的发光器IC1A为发光二极管；光电耦合器的光接收器IC1B为光敏三极管，该光敏三极管的发射极为光接收器IC1B的输出端，该光敏三极管的集电极为光接收器IC1B的输入端。还包括第一电容C8，用于滤波，其一端接地，另一端连接二极管D4的阴极；还包括第二电容C7，用于滤波，其一端接地，另一端连接电源电路中的第二电压输出端VCC。变压器T3的次级侧一端接地，另一端经由二极管D1连接第一电压输出端V0，从而对外输出电压及电流I0。
假设变压器T3初次级侧匝比为N1＝Np/Ns，电流互感器T2一二次侧匝比N2＝Na/Nb，输出电流为I0。
输出电流I0与电流互感器电流之间的关系：当电源输出电流I0增大时，变压器T3的初级侧电流Ip’＝(1/N1)*I0也增大。又由于T3初级侧绕组与电流互感器的一次侧绕组串联，那么Ip＝Ip’，则互感器的初级侧电流Ip也增大。由电流互感器电流比与匝比之间的关系Is＝N2*Ip可知，Is也增大。由上面分析可知，若输出电流I0增大，那么电流互感器二次侧电流Is也将增 大。
本发明主要是利用电流互感器的一次侧大电流转换成二次侧小电流的工作原理来进行过流保护的。当电路中输出电流I0超过所设定的过流值时，LLC芯片和PFC芯片掉电，电源停止工作。
下面具体举例讲解本发明中过流保护电路的工作原理：
如图1所示，假设变压器T3初次级之间匝比N1＝3:1，电流互感器T2一二次侧匝比N2＝1:40，稳压二极管ZD1＝3.9V，第一电阻R1＝368Ω。由图可知当电流Is＝12.5mA且全部从第一电阻R1流过，此时电压Uk＝4.6V，稳压二极管ZD1处于临界导通状态。假设输出过流保护点电流Iocp＝15A。
正常工作时，电流I0<15A,此时电流Ip’＝Ip＝(1/N1)*I0<5A，电流Is＝N2*Ip<12.5mA，稳压二极管ZD1不导通，NPN型三极管Q4不导通，发光器IC1A、光接收器IC1B不导通。此时第一电压输出端V0给LLC IC供电，第二电压输出端VCC给PFC IC供电，电源正常工作。
异常工作时，电流I0>15A,此时电流Ip’＝Ip＝(1/N1)*I0>5A，电流Is＝N2*Ip>12.5mA，稳压二极管ZD1导通，NPN型三极管Q4导通，发光器IC1A导通，LLC芯片供电电压被拉低掉电，LLC电路停止工作。光接收器IC1B也导通。PFC芯片掉电，PFC电路亦停止工作，电源因过流保护而关断。
综上，本发明的过流保护电路解决了电源电路输出大电流的过流保护问题，在电流互感器的作用下将一次侧大电流转化为二次侧小电流进行过流保护，可以提高电源的效率，降低电阻限流带来的起火风险。
以上所述，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术方案和技术构思作出其他各种相应的改变和变形，而所有这些改变和变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种过流保护电路，包括：
    电流互感器，其一次侧绕组与电源电路中用于对外输出电压的变压器的初级侧绕组串联，其二次侧绕组一端接地，另一端连接二极管的阳极；
    第一电阻，其一端连接该二极管的阴极，另一端接地；
    第二电阻，其一端连接该二极管的阴极，另一端连接稳压二极管的阴极；
    三极管，其基极连接该稳压二极管的阳极，发射极接地，集电极连接光电耦合器的发光器的阴极；
    该光电耦合器的发光器的阳极连接电源电路中LLC芯片的电源引脚，还经由第三电阻连接电源电路中的第一电压输出端；
    该光电耦合器的光接收器的输出端接地，输入端连接电源电路中的第二电压输出端，该输入端还连接电源电路中PFC芯片的电源引脚。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的过流保护电路，其中，该光电耦合器的发光器为发光二极管。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的过流保护电路，其中，该光电耦合器的光接收器为光敏三极管，该光敏三极管的发射极为该光接收器的输出端，该光敏三极管的集电极为该光接收器的输入端。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的过流保护电路，还包括第一电容，其一端接地，另一端连接该二极管的阴极。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的过流保护电路，还包括第二电容，其一端接地，另一端连接该第二电压输出端。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的过流保护电路，其中，该变压器初次级之间匝比为3:1。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的过流保护电路，其中，该电流互感器一二次侧匝比为1:40。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的过流保护电路，其中，该稳压二极管的稳定电压为3.9伏。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的过流保护电路，其中，该第一电阻为368欧姆。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的过流保护电路，其中，该变压器的次级侧一端接地，另一端连接该第一电压输出端。
  11. 一种过流保护电路，包括：
    电流互感器，其一次侧绕组与电源电路中用于对外输出电压的变压器的初级侧绕组串联，其二次侧绕组一端接地，另一端连接二极管的阳极；
    第一电阻，其一端连接该二极管的阴极，另一端接地；
    第二电阻，其一端连接该二极管的阴极，另一端连接稳压二极管的阴极；
    三极管，其基极连接该稳压二极管的阳极，发射极接地，集电极连接光电耦合器的发光器的阴极；
    该光电耦合器的发光器的阳极连接电源电路中LLC芯片的电源引脚，还经由第三电阻连接电源电路中的第一电压输出端；
    该光电耦合器的光接收器的输出端接地，输入端连接电源电路中的第二电压输出端，该输入端还连接电源电路中PFC芯片的电源引脚；
    其中，该光电耦合器的发光器为发光二极管；
    其中，该光电耦合器的光接收器为光敏三极管，该光敏三极管的发射极为该光接收器的输出端，该光敏三极管的集电极为该光接收器的输入端；
    还包括第一电容，其一端接地，另一端连接该二极管的阴极；
    还包括第二电容，其一端接地，另一端连接该第二电压输出端。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的过流保护电路，其中，该变压器初次级之间匝比为3:1。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的过流保护电路，其中，该电流互感器一二次侧匝比为1:40。
  14. 如权利要求11所述的过流保护电路，其中，该稳压二极管的稳定电压为3.9伏。
  15. 如权利要求11所述的过流保护电路，其中，该第一电阻为368欧姆。
  16. 如权利要求11所述的过流保护电路，其中，该变压器的次级侧一端接地，另一端连接该第一电压输出端。
PCT/CN2017/114866 2017-07-18 2017-12-06 过流保护电路 WO2019015224A1 (zh)

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