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WO2018223751A1 - 一种压电马达 - Google Patents

一种压电马达 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018223751A1
WO2018223751A1 PCT/CN2018/080534 CN2018080534W WO2018223751A1 WO 2018223751 A1 WO2018223751 A1 WO 2018223751A1 CN 2018080534 W CN2018080534 W CN 2018080534W WO 2018223751 A1 WO2018223751 A1 WO 2018223751A1
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Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
clamping
piezoelectric ceramic
driving foot
motor
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PCT/CN2018/080534
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
江海
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广州简成光电有限公司
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Publication of WO2018223751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018223751A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
    • H02N2/04—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of driving components, and in particular to a piezoelectric motor.
  • piezoelectric motor As a new type of driver, piezoelectric motor has attracted wide attention at home and abroad with its advantages of low speed and large torque, large static holding torque, fast response speed, small size and light weight, nanometer-scale resolution and no magnetic field interference. Applied in many fields.
  • a piezoelectric motor can be classified into a linear piezoelectric motor and a rotary piezoelectric motor.
  • the mover in the linear piezoelectric motor performs linear motion; the mover in the rotary piezoelectric motor performs rotational motion.
  • the L1-B2 piezoelectric motor is a typical linear piezoelectric motor (see US Pat. No. 5,877,579).
  • the vibration component of the motor is a rectangular piezoelectric ceramic.
  • One side of the ceramic is a full electrode and the other side is a quarter electrode.
  • the ceramic is polarized in the thickness direction.
  • the motor operates in the first-order longitudinal vibration mode (L1) and the second-order bending vibration mode (B2).
  • L1 and B2 are simultaneously applied to the opposite electrodes, an elliptical standing wave is generated in the middle portion of the end portion of the ceramic, and the foot is driven by the friction applied to the portion to drive the mover.
  • the vibration is excited by the other pair of electrodes, the driving force is reversed and the mover moves in the other direction.
  • This ceramic structure is simple and has a large thrust and has been used in industry.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric motor with simple structure, reasonable design and convenient use in view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the overall structure is small and compact, the service life is long, the driving foot is short, the bonding is firm, and the clip is clamped.
  • the holding device is simple and small in size.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention comprises: a piezoelectric ceramic, a clamping device, and a motor housing; the piezoelectric ceramic is fixed in the motor housing by a clamping device; the piezoelectric ceramic is a rectangular piezoelectric Ceramic; one side of the piezoelectric ceramic is provided with four equally divided electrodes, and the other side is provided with a full electrode; the short side of the piezoelectric ceramic is provided with a columnar driving foot; the middle part of the short side end of the piezoelectric ceramic a slot corresponding to the column driving foot is provided; one side of the column driving foot is embedded in the slot; the clamping device is a U-shaped structure composed of a pre-tightening force applying member and two left and right clamping frames; one of them The outer side of the clamping frame is provided with a deformed spring piece; the clamping frame holds the two long sides of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the clamping position of the clamping frame is located at a portion where the piez
  • the cylindrical driving foot is a cylindrical driving foot;
  • the slot is a circular arc slot; a part of one side of the cylindrical driving foot is embedded in the circular arc slot;
  • the cylindrical driving foot has two end faces and The upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic are substantially flush;
  • the columnar driving foot is a cylindrical driving foot having an end face of three right-angled sides and an arc;
  • the slot is a rectangular slot; a part of the three right-angle sides of the cylindrical driving foot is embedded in the slot.
  • the cylindrical arc surface faces the bottom of the slot and is connected to the driven slider;
  • the clamping device is a foldable unitary structure
  • the contact portion of the inner wall of the motor housing and the clamping device is pasted with a sheet having a reduced coefficient of friction
  • the number of the piezoelectric ceramics is a pair; the two piezoelectric ceramics are respectively disposed in two clamping devices, and the two clamping devices are arranged side by side in the motor housing; the presetting of the two clamping devices a preloading spring piece is disposed at an intermediate position of the tension applying member end; two ends of the preloading spring piece are respectively in contact with the preloading force members of the two clamping devices; and an eccentric pin is provided at an intermediate portion of the preloading spring piece ;
  • the number of the piezoelectric ceramics is several pairs; the piezoelectric ceramics are respectively disposed in the respective clamping devices; the plurality of pairs of clamping devices are horizontally arranged side by side or stacked on top of each other in the motor housing; each pair of clamping devices
  • the preloading force applying member ends are provided with a preloading spring piece and an eccentric pin.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that the piezoelectric motor of the invention has the advantages of small and compact overall structure, long service life, short driving force, firm bonding, simple clamping device and small size, and
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable setting and low production cost.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the installation of a piezoelectric ceramic
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a piezoelectric ceramic
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a clamping device
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a motorized stage.
  • the technical solution adopted in the present embodiment is that it comprises a piezoelectric ceramic 5, a clamping device 3, and a motor housing 4; the piezoelectric ceramic 5 is fixed to the motor housing 4 by a clamping device 3.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic 5 is a rectangular piezoelectric ceramic; the piezoelectric ceramic 5 is provided with four equally divided electrodes 5-2 on one side and the entire electrode on the opposite side; the short side of the piezoelectric ceramic 5 a cylindrical driving foot 5-1 is provided; a middle portion of the short side end of the piezoelectric ceramic 5 is provided with a circular arc-shaped slot corresponding to the cylindrical driving foot; a side of the cylindrical driving foot 5-1 is embedded and Adhered in the circular arc-shaped groove, the opposite side is in contact with the driven linear slider 7-1; the two end faces of the cylindrical driving foot 5-1 and the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic 5 are substantially flush;
  • the clamping device 3 is a U-shaped structure composed of a pre-tightening
  • the cylindrical driving foot 5-1 is made of wear-resistant material, the wear-resistant material may be ceramic or other hard alloy material; the driving foot may also be a cylindrical driving foot of other shapes;
  • One of the clamping devices 3 is in contact with the inner wall of the motor housing 4, and the other clamping frame is in contact with the inner wall of the housing via the deformed spring piece 3-3; the deformed spring piece 3-3 is oriented toward the piezoelectric ceramic 5 After being deformed by extrusion, it is placed in the motor casing 4 so that the piezoelectric ceramic 5 does not shake left and right;
  • the pre-tightening force applying member 3-4 of the clamping device 3 and the left and right clamping frames 3-1 can be formed as a unitary structure that can be bent with each other;
  • the clamping device 3 is made of an insulating material such as plastic;
  • a sheet 6 having a reduced friction coefficient may be attached to the contact portion of the inner wall of the motor housing 4 and the holding device 3, such as by using plastic tape. Grease the inner wall of the motor housing or the inner wall to reduce the friction at the contact;
  • the number of the piezoelectric ceramics 5 may be a pair, and the two piezoelectric ceramics 5 are respectively disposed in the two clamping devices 3, and the two clamping devices 3 are horizontally arranged side by side in the motor housing 4; two clamping devices
  • the intermediate position of the end of the preloading force applying member 3-4 is provided with a preloading spring piece 2; the two ends of the preloading force spring piece 2 are respectively in contact with the preloading force members 3-4 of the two clamping devices;
  • the driving foot 5-1 must apply a certain pressure (preloading force) to the driven linear slider 7-1;
  • the intermediate portion of the preloading spring piece 2 is provided with the eccentric pin 1; when the eccentric pin 1 rotates
  • the preload force spring piece 2 is deformed to produce a preload force required for the piezoelectric motor 8; due to the eccentric pin 1 in the intermediate position of the preload force spring piece 2, its preload force on the two piezoelectric ceramics 5 Approximately equal.
  • the number of piezoelectric ceramics 5 is more than one pair, and the piezoelectric ceramics 5 are respectively disposed in the respective clamping devices 3; the pairs of clamping devices 3 are horizontally arranged side by side or stacked on top of each other in the motor housing. 4; each pre-tensioning force applying member end of the pair of holding devices 3 shares a preloading spring piece 2 to apply a preloading force.
  • the piezoelectric motor 8 and the slide table 7 constitute an electric displacement stage; the slide table 7 is provided with a linear slider 7-1; and the side of the linear slider 7-1 is pasted with a wear-resistant drive piece 7-2.
  • the cylindrical driving foot of the piezoelectric motor 8 is in contact with the driving piece 7-2, and the linear slider 7-1 is driven to move linearly; the piezoelectric motor 8 and the sliding table 7 are mounted on the same base 9.

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  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

一种压电马达（8），它包含压电陶瓷（5）、夹持装置（3）、马达壳体（4）；压电陶瓷（5）通过夹持装置（3）固定在马达壳体（4）内；所述的压电陶瓷（5）为长方形压电陶瓷；压电陶瓷（5）的一面设有四个等分的电极（5-2），相对的另一面设有全电极；压电陶瓷（5）的短边端部设有柱状驱动足（5-1）；压电陶瓷（5）的短边端部的中间部位设有与柱状驱动足（5-1）对应的开槽；柱状驱动足（5-1）的一侧嵌入开槽内；所述的夹持装置（3）为由预紧力施加部件（3-4）和左右两个夹持架（3-1）组成的U形结构；其中一个夹持架（3-1）的外侧设有变形弹簧片（3-3）；夹持架（3-1）夹持住压电陶瓷（5）的两个长边，夹持架（3-1）的夹持位置（3-2）位于压电陶瓷（5）被驱动时变形较小或零变形的部位；它整体结构小而紧凑，使用寿命长，驱动足较短，粘接牢靠，夹持装置简单，尺寸小。

Description

一种压电马达 技术领域
本发明涉及驱动元件技术领域，具体涉及一种压电马达。
背景技术
压电马达作为一种全新的驱动器，以低速大转矩、大静态保持力矩、响应速度快、体积小重量轻，纳米量级的分辨率以及无磁场干扰等优点受到国内外的广泛关注，并在众多领域得到应用。通常，压电马达可以分为直线型压电马达和旋转型压电马达。直线型压电马达中的动子作直线运动；旋转型压电马达中的动子作旋转运动。L1-B2型压电马达是一种典型的线性压电马达(见美国专利US5877579)，该马达的振动元件为一长方形压电陶瓷，陶瓷的一面为全电极，另一面为四等分电极，陶瓷沿厚度方向极化。马达工作在第一阶的纵振动模式(L1)和第二阶的弯曲振动模式(B2)。当L1和B2被加在对角两个电极同时激发时，在陶瓷的端部中间部位产生椭圆的驻波，由粘接在该部位的摩擦驱动足驱动动子运动。当振动由另一对电极激发时，驱动力相反，动子朝另一方向运动。这种陶瓷结构简单，具有较大的推力，已经在工业界获得应用。在制造L1B2压电马达时如何设计压电陶瓷的夹持装置，方便的预紧力施加机构和可靠的摩擦驱动足结构，对于压电马达整体结构的微型化和马达性能的提高至关重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的缺陷和不足，提供一种结构简单、设计合理、使用方便的压电马达，整体结构小而紧凑，使用寿命长，驱动足较短，粘接牢靠，夹持装置简单，尺寸小。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：它包含压电陶瓷、夹持装置、马达壳体；压电陶瓷通过夹持装置固定在马达壳体内；所述的压电陶瓷 为长方形压电陶瓷；压电陶瓷的一面设有四个等分的电极，相对的另一面设有全电极；压电陶瓷的短边端部设有柱状驱动足；压电陶瓷的短边端部的中间部位设有与柱状驱动足对应的开槽；柱状驱动足的一侧嵌入开槽内；所述的夹持装置为由预紧力施加部件和左右两个夹持架组成的U形结构；其中一个夹持架的外侧设有变形弹簧片；夹持架夹持住压电陶瓷的两个长边，夹持架的夹持位置位于压电陶瓷被驱动时变形较小或零变形的部位；
优选地，所述的柱状驱动足为圆柱形驱动足；开槽为圆弧形开槽；圆柱形驱动足的一侧的一部分嵌入圆弧形开槽内；圆柱形驱动足的两个端面和压电陶瓷上下表面基本平齐；
优选地，所述的柱状驱动足为端面为3个直角边和一圆弧构成的柱形驱动足；开槽为长方形开槽；柱形驱动足的3个直角边一侧的一部分嵌入槽内；柱形圆弧面正对开槽底部和被驱动的滑块相接；
优选地，所述的夹持装置为可折弯的一体式结构；
优选地，所述的马达壳体的内壁与夹持装置的接触部位粘贴有降低摩擦系数的薄片；
优选地，所述的压电陶瓷的数量为一对；两个压电陶瓷分别设在两个夹持装置内，两个夹持装置并排水平排列在马达壳体内；两个夹持装置的预紧力施加部件端的中间位置设有预紧力弹簧片；预紧力弹簧片的两端分别和两个夹持装置的施加预紧力部件接触；预紧力弹簧片的中间部位设有偏心销钉；
优选地，所述的压电陶瓷的数量为若干对；压电陶瓷分别设在相应的夹持装置内；若干对夹持装置水平并排或上下堆叠地设置在马达壳体内；每对夹持装置的预紧力施加部件端均设有一个预紧力弹簧片和偏心销钉。
采用上述结构后，本发明有益效果为：本发明所述的一种压电马达，整体结构小而紧凑，使用寿命长，驱动足较短，粘接牢靠，夹持装置简单，尺寸小，且具有结构简单、设置合理、制作成本低等优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是压电陶瓷安装示意图；
图3是压电陶瓷的结构示意图；
图4是夹持装置的结构示意图；
图5是电动位移台的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1、偏心销钉；2、预紧力弹簧片；3、夹持装置；4、马达壳体；5、压电陶瓷；6、薄片；7、滑台；8、压电马达；9、基座；3-1、夹持架；3-2、夹持位置；3-3、变形弹簧片；3-4、预紧力施加部件；5-1、驱动足；5-2、四个等分的电极；5-3、长边；7-1、直线滑块；7-2、驱动片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明作进一步的说明。
参看图1-4所示，本具体实施方式采用的技术方案是：它包含压电陶瓷5、夹持装置3、马达壳体4；压电陶瓷5通过夹持装置3固定在马达壳体4内；所述的压电陶瓷5为长方形压电陶瓷；压电陶瓷5的一面设有四个等分的电极5-2，相对的另一面设有全电极；压电陶瓷5的短边端部设有圆柱形驱动足5-1；压电陶瓷5的短边端部的中间部位设有与圆柱形驱动足对应的圆弧形开槽；圆柱形驱动足5-1的一侧嵌入并粘贴在圆弧形开槽内，相对的另一侧则和被驱动直线滑块7-1接触；圆柱形驱动足5-1的两个端面和压电陶瓷5上下表面基本平齐；所述的夹持装置3为由预紧力施加部件3-4和左右两个夹持架 3-1组成的U形结构；其中一个夹持架的外侧设有变形弹簧片3-3；夹持架3-1夹持住压电陶瓷的两个长边5-3，夹持架3-1的夹持位置位于压电陶瓷5被驱动时变形较小或零变形的部位；
圆柱形驱动足5-1采用耐磨材料制成，耐磨材料可以是陶瓷或其他硬质合金材料；驱动足还可为其他形状的柱状驱动足；
夹持装置3中一个夹持架与马达壳体4的内壁接触，另一个夹持架通过变形弹簧片3-3和壳体的内壁接触；变形弹簧片3-3通过向压电陶瓷5方向挤压变形后置入马达壳体4内，使压电陶瓷5不会左右晃动；
夹持装置3的预紧力施加部件3-4和左右两个夹持架3-1可做成相互间可折弯的一体式结构；夹持装置3采用绝缘材料制成，如塑料；
为减小夹持装置3和马达壳体4的内壁间的摩擦力，可在马达壳体4的内壁与夹持装置3的接触部位粘贴有降低摩擦系数的薄片6，如采用塑料胶带粘贴在马达壳体的内壁上或在内壁上加润滑脂，以降低接触处的摩擦力；
压电陶瓷5的数量的可为一对，两个压电陶瓷5分别设在两个夹持装置3内，两个夹持装置3并排水平排列在马达壳体4内；两个夹持装置的预紧力施加部件3-4端的中间位置设有预紧力弹簧片2；预紧力弹簧片2的两端分别和两个夹持装置的施加预紧力部件3-4接触；压电马达8工作时驱动足5-1必须施加一定压力(预紧力)到被驱动的直线滑块7-1上；预紧力弹簧片2的中间部位设有偏心销钉1；偏心销钉1旋转时使预紧力弹簧片2产生变形以产生压电马达8所需的预紧力；由于偏心销钉1在预紧力弹簧片2中间位置，其在两个压电陶瓷5上产生的预紧力近似相等。
为增加压电马达的推力，压电陶瓷5的数量不止一对，压电陶瓷5分别设在相应的夹持装置3内；几对夹持装置3水平并排或上下堆叠地设置在马达壳体4内；每对夹持装置3的预紧力施加部件端共用一个预紧力弹簧片2来施加预紧力。
参看图5所示，压电马达8和滑台7构成电动位移台；滑台7上设有直线滑块7-1；直线滑块7-1的侧面粘贴有耐磨的驱动片7-2；压电马达8的柱状驱动足和驱动片7-2接触，驱动直线滑块7-1作直线运动；压电马达8和滑台7安装在同一基座9上。
以上所述，仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其它修改或者等同替换，只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种压电马达，其特征在于它包含压电陶瓷、夹持装置、马达壳体；压电陶瓷通过夹持装置固定在马达壳体内；所述的压电陶瓷为长方形压电陶瓷；压电陶瓷的一面设有四个等分的电极，相对的另一面设有全电极；压电陶瓷的短边端部设有柱状驱动足；压电陶瓷的短边端部的中间部位设有与柱状驱动足对应的开槽；柱状驱动足的一侧嵌入开槽内；所述的夹持装置为由预紧力施加部件和左右两个夹持架组成的U形结构；其中一个夹持架的外侧设有变形弹簧片；夹持架夹持住压电陶瓷的两个长边，夹持架的夹持位置位于压电陶瓷被驱动时变形较小或零变形的部位。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种压电马达，其特征在于所述的柱状驱动足为圆柱形驱动足；开槽为圆弧形开槽；圆柱形驱动足的一侧的一部分嵌入圆弧形开槽内；圆柱形驱动足的两个端面和压电陶瓷上下表面基本平齐。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种压电马达，其特征在于所述的柱状驱动足为端面为3个直角边和一圆弧构成的柱形驱动足；开槽为长方形开槽；柱形驱动足的3个直角边一侧的一部分嵌入槽内；柱形圆弧面正对开槽底部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种压电马达，其特征在于所述的夹持装置为可折弯的一体式结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种压电马达，其特征在于所述的马达壳体的内壁与夹持装置的接触部位粘贴有降低摩擦系数的薄片。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种压电马达，其特征在于所述的压电陶瓷的数量为一对；两个压电陶瓷分别设在两个夹持装置内，两个夹持装置并排水平排列在马达壳体内；两个夹持装置的预紧力施加部件端的中间位置设有预紧力弹簧片；预紧力弹簧片的两端分别和两个夹持装置的施加预紧力部件接触；预紧力弹簧片的中间部位设有偏心销钉。
  7. 根据权利要求1或5所述的一种压电马达，其特征在于所述的压电陶瓷的数量为若干对；压电陶瓷分别设在相应的夹持装置内；若干对夹持装置水平并排或上下堆叠地设置在马达壳体内；每对夹持装置的预紧力施加部件端均设有一个预紧力弹簧片和偏心销钉。
PCT/CN2018/080534 2017-06-06 2018-03-26 一种压电马达 WO2018223751A1 (zh)

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