WO2018221641A1 - 積層防汚塗膜、積層防汚塗膜付き基材及びその製造方法、積層防汚塗膜形成用塗料キット、上層防汚塗料組成物、並びに防汚方法 - Google Patents
積層防汚塗膜、積層防汚塗膜付き基材及びその製造方法、積層防汚塗膜形成用塗料キット、上層防汚塗料組成物、並びに防汚方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018221641A1 WO2018221641A1 PCT/JP2018/020920 JP2018020920W WO2018221641A1 WO 2018221641 A1 WO2018221641 A1 WO 2018221641A1 JP 2018020920 W JP2018020920 W JP 2018020920W WO 2018221641 A1 WO2018221641 A1 WO 2018221641A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antifouling
- antifouling coating
- coating film
- polymer
- organic
- Prior art date
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WJSXSXUHWBSPEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine;triphenylborane Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1B(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WJSXSXUHWBSPEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VMSRVIHUFHQIAL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;n,n-dimethylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Na+].CN(C)C([S-])=S VMSRVIHUFHQIAL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamide Chemical compound NS(N)(=O)=O NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADLSSRLDGACTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenyl silicate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ADLSSRLDGACTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 229960002703 undecylenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBPKUDYPHXKHJC-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Zn++].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C.CC(=C)C(O)=O WBPKUDYPHXKHJC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XFAOZAVYSMBFLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc 3-prop-2-enoyloxypropanoate Chemical compound [Zn++].[O-]C(=O)CCOC(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)CCOC(=O)C=C XFAOZAVYSMBFLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PIMBTRGLTHJJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=C)C([O-])=O.CC(=C)C([O-])=O PIMBTRGLTHJJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XKMZOFXGLBYJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C XKMZOFXGLBYJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D143/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D143/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D201/00—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1693—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints as part of a multilayer system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated antifouling coating, a substrate with a laminated antifouling coating and a method for producing the same, a coating kit for forming a laminated antifouling coating, an upper antifouling coating composition, and an antifouling method.
- organic antifouling agents for example, 4-bromo-2- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (also known as Patent Document 1) And 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (also known as DCOIT) described in Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an antifouling coating composition containing two or more types of antifouling agents containing tralopyryl and an acrylic resin having a specific group in the side chain.
- the antifouling coating composition containing such an antifouling agent and a hydrolyzable polymer, particularly when the antifouling agent is an organic antifouling agent that is soluble in a solvent usually contained in the antifouling coating composition.
- the antifouling agent is unevenly distributed near the surface of the coating film in the case of drying in the external environment, particularly at a high temperature. There was a problem that occurred. The exact cause of this is unknown, but if the antifouling agent is unevenly distributed near the surface of the paint film, in addition to malfunctions such as abnormal appearance of the paint film, a major problem is the renewal of the paint film at the initial stage of use of the paint film.
- the present invention has no problem such as poor appearance due to uneven distribution of the antifouling agent on the surface of the coating film, and can exhibit a high antifouling performance for a long time even under a high fouling load.
- An object is to provide an antifouling coating, a substrate with a laminated antifouling coating using the laminated antifouling coating, a method for producing the same, and an antifouling method. It is another object of the present invention to provide a laminate antifouling coating film forming coating kit and an upper antifouling coating composition that are used in the production of the antifouling coating film.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [18].
- [1] A laminated antifouling coating film in which a lower antifouling coating film (X) and an upper antifouling coating film (Y) are laminated.
- the lower antifouling coating film (X) is a polymer (B1).
- an organic antifouling agent (C1), and the polymer (B1) is a polymer having a structural unit derived from a monomer having an unsaturated double bond
- the upper antifouling coating film (Y) is a laminated antifouling coating film containing a hydrolyzable polymer (A2).
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 12 , R 13 and R 14 each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A1) and / or the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) includes structural units derived from the metal ester group-containing monomer (a12).
- the metal ester group-containing monomer (a12) includes a monomer (a121) represented by the following formula (1-2) and a monomer (a122 represented by the following formula (1-3):
- the antifouling coating film according to [6] which contains at least one of
- each R 21 independently represents a monovalent group containing a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group, and M represents a metal.
- R 31 represents a monovalent group containing a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group
- R 32 is a monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which does not contain a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group
- M represents a metal.
- the lower antifouling coating film (X) is used as the organic antifouling agent (C1) as 4-bromo-2- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrrole-3-carbohydrate.
- the polymer (B1) is a polymer having a structural unit derived from a monomer having an unsaturated double bond, and the upper antifouling paint composition (y) is hydrolyzable.
- the organic solvent (D2) contains one or more selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon solvents, alcohol solvents, ketone solvents, and ester solvents.
- the upper antifouling coating composition (y) contains an organic antifouling agent (C2), and the content (mass%) of the organic antifouling agent (C2) in the upper antifouling coating composition (y).
- the antifouling paint according to any one of [12] to [14], which is lower than the content (% by mass) of the organic antifouling agent (C1) in the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) The manufacturing method of a base material with a film. [16] The laminated antifouling coating film according to any one of [12] to [15], wherein the upper antifouling coating composition (y) contains substantially no organic antifouling agent (C2) A method for producing a substrate.
- Lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) containing polymer (B1) and organic antifouling agent (C1), and upper layer containing hydrolyzable polymer (A2) and organic solvent (D2)
- a coating kit for forming a laminated antifouling coating film comprising an antifouling coating composition (y), wherein the polymer (B1) is a polymer having a structural unit derived from a monomer having an unsaturated double bond.
- the present invention there is no problem such as poor appearance due to uneven distribution of the antifouling agent on the surface of the coating film, and a laminated antifouling coating film that exhibits high antifouling performance over a long period even under a high fouling load,
- a substrate with a laminated antifouling coating using the laminated antifouling coating a method for producing the same, and an antifouling method.
- the laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention is a laminated antifouling coating film (X) and an upper antifouling coating film (Y) laminated together, and the lower antifouling coating film (X ) Contains a polymer (B1) and an organic antifouling agent (C1), and the polymer (B1) is a polymer having a structural unit derived from a monomer having an unsaturated double bond.
- the upper antifouling coating film (Y) contains a hydrolyzable polymer (A2).
- the base material with a laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention is formed by coating the base material with the laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention. Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the base material with a lamination
- the substrate with a laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention is preferably produced by the method for producing a substrate with a laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention.
- the laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention is formed by the lower antifouling coating composition (x) and the upper antifouling coating composition (y) used in the method for producing a substrate with the laminated antifouling coating. It is preferable.
- the present invention there is no problem such as poor appearance due to uneven distribution of the antifouling agent on the surface of the coating film, and a laminated antifouling coating film that exhibits high antifouling performance over a long period even under a high fouling load,
- a substrate with a laminated antifouling coating using the laminated antifouling coating a method for producing the same, and an antifouling method.
- the present inventors have found that high antifouling performance is exhibited over a long period of time even under conditions where the fouling load is high and the present invention has been completed.
- the detailed mechanism of action for obtaining the above effect is not necessarily clear, a part is estimated as follows. That is, the organic antifouling agent (C1) contained in the lower antifouling coating film (X) was unevenly distributed near the surface of the lower antifouling coating film (X) when forming the lower antifouling coating film (X). Even in the case, by providing the upper antifouling coating film (Y) on the lower antifouling coating film (X), the organic antifouling agent (C1) as a whole laminated antifouling coating film is brought close to the surface.
- the organic antifouling agent (C1) is continuously supplied from the lower antifouling coating film (X) in the upper antifouling coating film (Y), the initial stage Therefore, it is estimated that high antifouling performance can be exhibited over a long period of time.
- the upper layer antifouling coating film (Y) contains the hydrolyzable polymer (A2), the antifouling property is exhibited also by the coating film renewability of the upper layer antifouling coating film (Y).
- the upper antifouling coating composition (y) for forming the upper antifouling coating film (Y) contains the organic solvent (D2), and the organic solvent (D2) is the lower antifouling coating film (X).
- the polymer (B1) and the organic antifouling agent (C1) contained in Since the organic antifouling agent (C1) is extracted in the coating composition (y) and an appropriate amount of the organic antifouling agent (C) is supplied into the upper antifouling coating film (Y), it is high from the beginning. It is estimated that antifouling performance can be exhibited.
- the organic antifouling agent is uniformly distributed, or compared with the antifouling coating film that is unevenly distributed toward the surface layer, the laminated antifouling coating of the present invention
- the film is considered to have a concentration gradient state in which the concentration of the organic antifouling agent (C1) increases toward the lower layer, and the upper layer in terms of disappearance due to diffusion of the organic antifouling agent from the coating film in water. It is also presumed that the antifouling performance is improved because the concentration of the organic antifouling agent (C1) can be kept high when the coating film renewal toward the lower layer reaches the lower layer.
- the lower antifouling coating film (X), the lower antifouling coating composition (x) suitable for forming the lower antifouling coating (X), the upper antifouling coating (Y), and the upper antifouling coating The upper antifouling paint composition (y) suitable for forming the dirty coating film (Y) will be described.
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) are collectively referred to as an antifouling paint composition or a paint composition.
- the hydrolyzable polymer contained in the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) is a hydrolyzable polymer (A1)
- the hydrolyzable polymer contained in the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) is hydrolysable.
- each component contained in the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) includes 1 after the alphabet representing the component, and each component contained in the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y).
- 2 is added after the alphabet representing the component, and when these are collectively referred to, they are described without a numeral as in the hydrolyzable polymer (A).
- the laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention is formed by laminating a lower antifouling coating film (X) and an upper antifouling coating film (Y).
- the lower antifouling coating film (X) and the upper antifouling coating film (Y) are preferably adjacent layers.
- the lower layer antifouling coating film (X) contains a polymer (B1) and an organic antifouling agent (C1).
- the lower layer antifouling coating film (X) may further contain a hydrolyzable polymer (A1).
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) suitably used for forming the lower layer antifouling coating film (X) contains the polymer (B1) and the organic antifouling agent (C1), and further contains an organic solvent. It is preferable to contain (D1). Moreover, in addition to the said component, you may contain a hydrolysable polymer (A1).
- the upper antifouling coating film (Y) contains a hydrolyzable polymer (A2).
- the upper antifouling coating composition (y) suitably used for forming the upper antifouling coating film (Y) may contain an organic solvent (D2) in addition to the hydrolyzable polymer (A2). preferable.
- each component used for an antifouling coating film and an antifouling coating composition is demonstrated.
- the upper antifouling coating film (Y) may contain a hydrolyzable polymer (A2)
- the lower antifouling coating film (X) may contain a hydrolyzable polymer (A1).
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A1) and the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) are collectively referred to as a hydrolyzable polymer (A).
- the upper antifouling coating film (Y) contains the hydrolyzable polymer (A2)
- the upper antifouling coating film (Y) is given antifouling properties due to appropriate water resistance and coating film renewability.
- the lower layer antifouling coating film (X) contains the hydrolyzable polymer (A1)
- appropriate water resistance and coating film renewability are imparted to the lower layer antifouling coating film (X).
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from (i) a hydrolyzable group-containing monomer (a1), and (ii) a structure derived from another monomer (a2). It is preferable to have a unit.
- the “polymer having a structural unit derived from a” means a polymer in which a is introduced by a polymerization reaction or chain transfer.
- the hydrolyzable polymer is such that the radical polymerization terminal pulls out H of —SH and the generated —S ⁇ (S radical) starts polymerization.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) also has a structural unit derived from the other monomer (a2).
- each structural unit will be described.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from (i) the hydrolyzable group-containing monomer (a1).
- Preferred examples of the hydrolyzable group-containing monomer (a1) include a silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11) or a metal ester group-containing monomer (a12).
- the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) contains the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) having a structural unit derived from the silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11).
- the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y) contains a hydrolyzable polymer (A2) having a structural unit derived from the metal ester group-containing monomer (a12). This is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the antifouling property of the film and the physical properties of the antifouling coating film.
- the content of the structural unit derived from the hydrolyzable monomer (a1) in the hydrolyzable polymer (A) is preferably 3 to 3 when the total structural unit of the hydrolyzable polymer is 100 parts by mass. 80 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 70 parts by mass.
- silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11) preferably contains a compound represented by the following formula (1-1).
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 12 , R 13 and R 14 each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and is preferably a methyl group from the viewpoint of improving the long-term antifouling property and water resistance of the antifouling coating film.
- R 12 , R 13 and R 14 each independently represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and examples of such hydrocarbon groups include linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups. , And aryl groups.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 12 to R 14 are isopropyl group, n-propyl group, sec-butyl group, It is preferably selected from an n-butyl group and a phenyl group, more preferably all of R 12 to R 14 are isopropyl groups. That is, as the silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11), triisopropylsilyl (meth) acrylate is particularly preferable, and triisopropylsilyl methacrylate is most preferable.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from the monomer (a11)
- the amount of the structural unit derived from the monomer (a11) with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the structural units is antifouling coating.
- it is preferably 10 to 90 parts by mass, more preferably 40 to 80 parts by mass, still more preferably 45 to 70 parts by mass, and even more preferably 45 to 65 parts by mass.
- the ratio of each content (mass) of the structural unit derived from each monomer etc. in a hydrolyzable polymer (A) is the preparation amount of each said monomer etc. (reaction raw material) used for a polymerization reaction. It can be regarded as the same as the ratio of (mass).
- the hydrolyzable group-containing monomer (a1) preferably contains a metal ester group-containing monomer (a12), and the metal ester group-containing monomer is represented by the following formula (1-2): It is preferable to contain at least one of a monomer (a121) represented by the formula (1) and a monomer (a122) represented by the following formula (1-3).
- each R 21 independently represents a monovalent group containing a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group, and M represents a metal.
- Examples of the metal constituting the metal ester group include magnesium, calcium, neodymium, titanium, zirconium, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and aluminum.
- M is a divalent metal, and a divalent metal can be appropriately selected from the metals described above.
- Group 10-12 metals such as nickel, copper, and zinc are preferred, copper and zinc are more preferred, and zinc is even more preferred.
- R 21 represents a monovalent group containing a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group (CH 2 ⁇ C ⁇ ), and the carbon number of R 21 is preferably 2 to 50, more preferably Is 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 10, and still more preferably 2 to 6.
- R 21 only needs to have a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group, and may have an ethylenically unsaturated group other than the terminal, but may have an ethylenically unsaturated group only at the terminal. More preferred.
- R 21 is preferably an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group, and the unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group has an ester bond, an amide bond, or an ether bond in the carbon chain. You may have.
- R 21 examples include acrylic acid (2-propenoic acid), methacrylic acid (2-methyl-2-propenoic acid), 3-butenoic acid, 4-pentenoic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, 3- (meth)
- examples thereof include a group obtained by removing a carboxy group from an aliphatic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid having a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group such as acryloyloxypropionic acid and 3- (meth) acryloyloxy-2-methylpropionic acid.
- R 21 is preferably a group obtained by removing a carboxy group from an aliphatic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid containing a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group, and includes acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl.
- a group obtained by removing a carboxy group from a carboxylic acid is more preferred, and a group obtained by removing a carboxy group from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is more preferred.
- Such a monomer (a121) is preferably a monomer (a121 ') represented by the following formula (1-2').
- R 22 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and M ′ represents copper or zinc.
- the monomer (a121) represented by the formula (1-2) zinc diacrylate, zinc dimethacrylate, zinc acrylate (methacrylic acid), zinc di (3-acryloyloxypropionate), di (3 -Methacryloyloxypropionic acid) zinc, di (3- (meth) acryloyloxy-2-methylpropionic acid) zinc, copper diacrylate, copper dimethacrylate, acrylic acid (methacrylic acid) copper, di (3-acryloyloxypropion) Acid) copper, di (3-methacryloyloxypropionic acid) copper, and di (3- (meth) acryloyloxy-2-methylpropionic acid) copper.
- R 31 represents a monovalent group containing a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group
- R 32 is a monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which does not contain a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group
- M represents a metal.
- R 31 represents a monovalent group containing a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group.
- R 31 include the same groups as R 21 in formula (1-2), and preferred embodiments are also the same.
- R 32 represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms that does not contain a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group.
- R 32 includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, which does not contain a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group. Examples are groups. These groups may have a substituent.
- the substituent examples include a hydroxyl group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be linear or branched, and may be a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. When R 32 is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R 32 does not contain a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 26 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be further substituted with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group has 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 20, more preferably 5 to 16, and still more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be further substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be further substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R 32 is preferably an organic acid residue formed from a monobasic acid, specifically, versatic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, abietic acid, Examples thereof include a group in which a carboxy group is removed from an organic acid selected from the group consisting of neoabietic acid, pimaric acid, dehydroabietic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, and naphthenic acid. Among these, a group obtained by removing a carboxy group from abietic acid, versatic acid, and naphthenic acid is preferable, and a group obtained by removing a carboxy group from abietic acid and versatic acid is more preferable.
- Such a monomer (a122) is preferably a monomer (a122 ') represented by the following formula (1-3').
- R 33 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 34 represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms that does not contain a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group
- M ′ represents (Indicates copper or zinc.)
- Examples of the monomer (a122) represented by the formula (1-3) include 3- (meth) acryloyloxypropionic acid (rosin) zinc, 3- (meth) acryloyloxypropionic acid (versaic acid) zinc, ) Zinc acrylic acid (rosin), (meth) acrylic acid (versaic acid) zinc, (meth) acrylic acid (naphthenic acid) zinc, 3- (meth) acryloyloxypropionic acid (rosin) copper, 3- (meth) acryloyl Examples include oxypropionic acid (versaic acid) copper, (meth) acrylic acid (rosin) copper, (meth) acrylic acid (versatic acid) copper, and (meth) acrylic acid (naphthenic acid) copper.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from the monomer (a122) represented by the formula (1-3), the hydrolyzable polymer (A) is represented by the formula (1-3 It is preferable to have a structural unit obtained by polymerization of only the terminal ethylenically unsaturated group in the polymerizable compound represented by (monomer (a122)).
- hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from monomer (a121) or (a122), a structure derived from monomers (a121) and (a122) with respect to 100 parts by mass of all structural units
- the total content of units is preferably 3 to 40 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass, from the viewpoint of improving the antifouling performance and water resistance of the antifouling coating film.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) preferably has a structural unit derived from (ii) another monomer (a2).
- the monomer copolymerizable with the said monomer (a1) can be used without a restriction
- another monomer (a2) is an ethylenically unsaturated compound.
- Examples of the other monomer (a2) include: Polyorganosiloxane block-containing monomer (a21); Methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl ( (Meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, n-octyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl (meth) acrylate Alkyl (meth) acrylates such as lauryl (meth) acrylate, cetyl
- the polyorganosiloxane block-containing monomer (a21) is a monomer having a polyorganosiloxane block and a chain transfer reactive group such as a polymerizable unsaturated group and / or a thiol group.
- a polyorganosiloxane block is introduced into the degradable polymer (A), which is particularly preferable in terms of improving antifouling performance such as slime resistance.
- the polyorganosiloxane block-containing monomer (a21) is preferably represented by the following formula (2).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group
- X each independently represents a (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl group or a mercaptoalkyl group
- n is 0 or more
- p and q are each independently 0 or 1
- n + p + q is 1 or more.
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each independently represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and the hydrocarbon group is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, and an aryl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are preferably alkyl groups such as a methyl group and a butyl group from the viewpoint of ease of polymerization.
- each X independently represents a (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl group or a mercaptoalkyl group, and is preferably a (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl group from the viewpoint of uniform polymerization, and the viscosity of the polymer to be formed Mercaptoalkyl groups are also preferred from the standpoint of reducing the amount and facilitating handling.
- Examples of such X include (meth) acryloyloxyethyl group, (meth) acryloyloxypropyl group, (meth) acryloyloxybutyl group, mercaptomethyl group, mercaptoethyl group, mercaptopropyl group, mercaptobutyl group and the like.
- m is 1 or more
- n is 0 or more
- p and q are each independently 0 or 1
- n + p + q is 1 or more.
- m and n mean the average number of repetitions of (SiR 2 2 O) and (SiXR 3 O), respectively.
- m + n is preferably 2 or more.
- repeating units when two or more different repeating units are described in parallel between [], these repeating units are respectively repeated in any form and order of random, alternating or block. Indicates that it may be. That is, for example, in the formula-[Y 3 -Z 3 ]-(where Y and Z represent repeating units), in a random form such as -YYZYZZ-, in an alternating form such as -YZYZYZ-, A block shape such as YYYZZZZ- or -ZZZYYY- may be used.
- a hydrolyzable polymer (A) is a structural unit derived from the monomer (a211) whose n is 0, p is 1, and q is 0 in Formula (2). It is preferable to have.
- the antifouling coating composition containing the hydrolyzable polymer (A) having a structural unit derived from such a monomer (a211) can form an antifouling coating film having particularly excellent antifouling properties. Is preferable.
- m is preferably from 3 to 200, more preferably from 5 to 70, from the viewpoint of ease of polymerization and the like.
- a commercially available product can be used.
- X-22-174ASX single terminal methacryloyloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional group equivalent 900 g / mol
- KF-2012 single terminal methacryloyloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional group equivalent, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. 4,600g / m l
- X-22-2426 one terminal methacryloyloxyalkyl
- a hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from the monomer (a212) whose n is 0 and p and q are 1 in Formula (2).
- the antifouling coating composition containing the hydrolyzable polymer (A) having a structural unit derived from such a monomer (a212) tends to have good interlayer adhesion of the laminated antifouling coating film to be formed. This is preferable.
- m is preferably from 3 to 200, more preferably from 5 to 70, from the viewpoint of ease of polymerization and the like.
- a commercially available product can be used.
- X-22-164 both ends methacryloyloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional group equivalent 190 g / mol
- X-22-164AS both ends methacryloyloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- X-22-164A both ends methacryloyloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional group equivalent 860 g / mol
- X-22-164B both ends methacryloyloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional group equivalent 1630 g / mol
- X -22-164C both ends methacryloyloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional group equivalent 2,370 g / mol
- X-22-164E both ends methacryloyloxyalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional group equivalent 3,900 g / mol
- X-22-167B both terminal mercaptoalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional group equivalent 1,670 g / mol).
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from a monomer (a213) in which X is a mercaptoalkyl group and n is 1 or more in the formula (2). It is also preferable. It is preferable that the hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from such a monomer (a213) because the viscosity is low and the handling is easy.
- m is preferably 50 to 1,000 and n is preferably 1 to 30 from the viewpoint of ease of polymerization and the like.
- a commercially available product can be used as such a monomer (a213).
- KF-2001 side chain mercaptoalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., functional group equivalent 1,900 g) / Mol
- KF-2004 side chain mercaptoalkyl-modified organopolysiloxane, functional group equivalent 30,000 g / mol
- the content of the structural unit derived from the monomer (a21) in the hydrolyzable polymer (A) is all from the viewpoints of antifouling performance, water resistance and interlayer adhesion under alternating wet and dry conditions of the antifouling coating film.
- the amount is preferably 0.5 to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, still more preferably 2 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the structural unit.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) can be obtained by synthesizing the hydrolyzable group-containing monomer (a1) and, if necessary, another monomer (a2) by a known method.
- a known method for example, when the hydrolyzable group-containing monomer (a1) contains the monomer (a121) or (a122), for example, an inorganic metal compound (preferably an oxide or hydroxide of copper or zinc, Chloride, etc.) and an organic acid such as methacrylic acid or acrylic acid or an esterified product thereof are synthesized by a known method such as heating at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the metal salt in the presence of an organic solvent and water and stirring. be able to.
- an inorganic metal compound preferably an oxide or hydroxide of copper or zinc, Chloride, etc.
- an organic acid such as methacrylic acid or acrylic acid or an esterified product thereof
- a mixed solution obtained by mixing a solvent and a metal component such as zinc oxide is stirred while being heated to about 50 to 80 ° C., and this is mixed with an organic acid such as methacrylic acid or acrylic acid or its A monomer (a121) or (a122) is prepared by dropping a mixed liquid of an ester body and water and stirring the mixture.
- a solvent is placed in a newly prepared reaction vessel and heated to about 80 to 120 ° C., and the monomer (a121) or (a122) and other monomers (a2), a polymerization initiator,
- a metal ester group-containing hydrolyzable polymer (A) can be obtained by dropping a mixed liquid of a chain transfer agent and a solvent and conducting a polymerization reaction.
- a polymerization initiator which can be used for manufacture of a hydrolysable polymer (A) Various radical polymerization initiators can be used. Specifically, benzoyl peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) [AIBN], 2,2 Examples include '-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile) [AMBN], 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) [ADVN], and tert-butyl peroctoate [TBPO].
- These polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These radical polymerization initiators may be added to the reaction system only at the start of the reaction, or may be added to the reaction system both at the start of the reaction and during the reaction.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used in the production of the hydrolyzable polymer (A) is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the monomers.
- the chain transfer agent that can be used for the production of the hydrolyzable polymer (A) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer, thioglycolic acid, diterpene, terpinolene, ⁇ -terpinene; tert-dodecyl mercaptan. And mercaptans such as n-dodecyl mercaptan; halides such as carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, bromoform, and bromotrichloroethane; secondary alcohols such as isopropanol and glycerin; and the like. These chain transfer agents may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together. When a chain transfer agent is used in the production of the hydrolyzable polymer (A), the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the above monomers.
- Examples of the solvent that can be used for the production of the hydrolyzable polymer (A) include aromatic solvents such as toluene, xylene, and mesitylene; propanol, butanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the like.
- aromatic solvents such as toluene, xylene, and mesitylene
- propanol, butanol propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the like.
- Examples include alcohols; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl amyl ketone; esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; and water.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the hydrolyzable polymer (A) are the viscosity and storage stability of the antifouling coating composition, the dissolution rate (upgradability) of the resulting antifouling coating film, etc. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust appropriately.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 1,000 to 100,000, more preferably 1,500 to 30,000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably 2,000 to 200,000, more preferably 3,000 to 60,000.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) are determined by measuring with gel permeation and converting with standard polystyrene.
- a hydrolyzable polymer (A) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the content of the hydrolyzable polymer (A) in the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) depends on the coating workability of the antifouling paint and the antifouling coating film in the present invention.
- the solid content of the antifouling coating composition is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass. % Or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, and still more preferably 88% by mass or less.
- the above content is hydrolysable. This is a preferable range as the total content of the polymer (A), and the same applies to each component described later.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from the silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11), the solid content of the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) or the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y)
- the content of the hydrolyzable polymer (A) is preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass, and still more preferably 12 to 40% by mass.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from a metal ester group-containing monomer, preferably the monomer (a121) and / or the monomer (a122), the lower layer antifouling paint composition
- the content of the hydrolyzable polymer (A) in the solid content of the product (x) or the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y) is preferably 10 to 99% by mass, more preferably 15 to 95% by mass, The content is preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 25 to 88% by mass.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A) when the hydrolyzable polymer (A) has a structural unit derived from the polyorganosiloxane block-containing monomer (a21), the slime resistance, which is estimated to be due to the contribution of the polyorganosiloxane block, is increased. It is preferable to increase the content ratio of the hydrolyzable polymer (A) in the antifouling coating film.
- the coating composition contains two or more hydrolyzable polymers (A)
- the above content is a preferable range as the total content of the hydrolyzable polymer (A), which will be described later. The same applies to each component.
- the lower layer antifouling coating film (X) and the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) contain a polymer (B1).
- the lower layer antifouling coating film (X) and the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) may contain the hydrolyzable polymer (A1) described above in addition to the polymer (B1).
- a polymer (B1) is a polymer which has a structural unit derived from the monomer which has an unsaturated double bond, and is a polymer except the hydrolyzable polymer (A) mentioned above.
- the polymer having a structural unit does not correspond to the polymer (B1). That is, the polymer (B1) does not contain a structural unit derived from the hydrolyzable group-containing monomer (a1).
- the polymer (B1) is preferably soluble in the organic solvent (D2) contained in the upper antifouling coating composition (y).
- “soluble” means that the solubility at 23 ° C. is 1 g / L or more. More preferably, the polymer (B1) has a solubility in the organic solvent (D2) at 23 ° C. of 10 g / L or more.
- the organic antifouling agent (C1) can be efficiently supplied to the upper antifouling coating film (Y) formed from the upper antifouling coating composition (y). Moreover, the interlayer adhesion between the upper antifouling coating film (Y) and the lower antifouling coating film (X) can be improved.
- the polymer (B1) is preferably a thermoplastic resin.
- the polymer (B1) is a thermoplastic resin, good adhesion to the substrate is obtained, and good solubility in the organic solvent (D2) contained in the upper antifouling coating composition (y) is obtained. Easy to obtain.
- Specific examples of such a polymer (B1) include chlorinated polyolefins such as chlorinated rubber, chlorinated polyethylene and chlorinated polypropylene; (meth) methyl acrylate copolymers, (meth) ethyl acrylate copolymers.
- Acrylic resins such as polymers, (meth) propyl acrylate copolymers, (meth) butyl acrylate copolymers, (meth) cyclohexyl cyclohexyl copolymers; vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, Vinyl chloride resins (vinyl chloride copolymer) such as vinyl chloride-vinyl propionate copolymer, vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer, vinyl chloride-isopropyl vinyl ether copolymer, vinyl chloride-ethyl vinyl ether copolymer; styrene Aromatic petroleum resin; Aliphatic petroleum resin; Urea aldehyde condensation resin; Ketone resin It can gel.
- the polymer (B1) preferably contains a structural unit derived from vinyl chloride from the viewpoints of adhesion of the lower antifouling coating film (X) to the substrate and excellent coating properties. Moreover, in addition to the structural unit derived from vinyl chloride, you may have the structural unit derived from vinyl acetate, the structural unit derived from vinyl alcohol, and the structural unit derived from alkyl vinyl ether (for example, isobutyl vinyl ether etc.). Furthermore, as another preferable aspect of the polymer (B1), a homopolymer or copolymer (hereinafter also referred to as (meth) acrylic polymer) of (meth) acrylic acid and / or (meth) acrylic acid ester. ).
- the polymer (B1) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer having a structural unit derived from vinyl chloride described above The combined use of a (meth) acrylic polymer is mentioned.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer (B1) is preferably in the range of 5,000 to 100,000.
- a commercially available product can be used.
- “Laroflex MP25” (a copolymer of vinyl chloride and isobutyl vinyl ether) manufactured by BASF, Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- “Solvine C” (copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate)
- “Solvain AL” copolymer of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, and vinyl alcohol
- “Dianal BR-106” manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. (Acrylic copolymer (acrylic resin)) and the like.
- the amount of the polymer (B1) in the lower layer antifouling coating film (X), from the viewpoint of the antifouling property and physical properties of the laminated antifouling coating film is preferably 5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass. Further, the total content (total content) of the polymer (B1) and the hydrolyzable polymer (A1) in the solid content of the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x), that is, the lower layer antifouling coating film (X).
- the upper antifouling coating composition (y) may optionally contain the polymer (B2), but preferably does not contain the polymer (B2) from the viewpoint of coating film renewability.
- the lower antifouling coating film (X) and the lower antifouling coating composition (x) contain an organic antifouling agent (C1).
- an organic antifouling agent (C1) is a compound which has antifouling property and does not contain a metal element. Note that boron, which is a semimetal, does not correspond to a metal element.
- organic antifouling agent (C1) examples include 4-bromo-2- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (also known as tralopyryl), 4,5 -Borane-nitrogen base adducts such as dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (also known as DCOIT), pyridinetriphenylborane, 4-isopropylpyridinediphenylmethylborane, (+/-)- 4- [1- (2,3-dimethylphenyl) ethyl] -1H-imidazole (also known as medetomidine), N, N-dimethyl-N ′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) urea (also known as diuron), N— (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) maleimide, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile,
- the organic antifouling agent (C1) is soluble in the organic solvent (D2) described later contained in the upper antifouling coating composition (y), that is, the solubility at 23 ° C. is 1 g /
- the organic antifouling agent (C1) preferably has a solubility in an organic solvent (D2) at 23 ° C. of 10 g / L or more, and more preferably 100 g / L or more.
- the organic antifouling agent (C1) preferably contains at least one selected from tralopyril and DCOIT from the viewpoint of imparting excellent antifouling properties to the laminated antifouling coating film, and is particularly antifouling against barnacle species. It is more preferable to contain tralopyril from the viewpoint of improving the odor, and it is preferable to include DCOIT from the viewpoint of improving the antifouling property against slime, which is a cell secretion.
- An organic antifouling agent (C1) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the total content of the organic antifouling agent (C1) in the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) can be arbitrarily selected according to the efficacy and cost of the compound used, but the antifouling property excellent in the laminated antifouling coating film.
- the solid content of the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and still more preferably 3 to 20% by mass. It is.
- the content of the organic antifouling agent (C1) in the lower antifouling coating film (X) is the organic content of the upper antifouling coating composition (y) when the upper antifouling coating film (Y) is formed. Fluctuates with dissolution in solvent (D2) and supply of organic antifouling agent (C1) from lower antifouling coating (X) to upper antifouling coating (Y) in the laminated antifouling coating . Therefore, it is most appropriate to define the content of the organic antifouling agent (C1) by the content in the solid content of the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x).
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) contains tralopyril as the organic antifouling agent (C1), from the viewpoint of improving the antifouling properties and coating film properties of the laminated antifouling coating film and interlayer adhesion,
- the content of is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 3 to 20% by mass in the solid content of the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x).
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) contains DCOIT as the organic antifouling agent (C1), from the same viewpoint, the content of DCOIT is determined based on the solid content of the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x).
- the content is preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, more preferably 1 to 12% by mass, and still more preferably 2 to 10% by mass.
- the upper antifouling coating composition (y) may optionally contain an organic antifouling agent (C2) as long as it does not hinder the problem to be solved by the present invention.
- the upper antifouling coating composition (y) contains the organic antifouling agent (C2), the antifouling performance of the laminated antifouling coating film can be further improved.
- the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) contains the organic antifouling agent (C2), the above-mentioned ones can be used.
- the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) The organic antifouling agent (C2) content of the organic antifouling agent (C2) in the upper antifouling coating (Y) is the same as the organic antifouling agent (X) in the lower antifouling coating (X). It is preferable that the amount is lower than the content of C). Moreover, when the upper-layer antifouling paint composition (y) contains an organic antifouling agent (C2), from the viewpoint of preventing precipitates from forming on the surface of the antifouling coating film, the organic antifouling agent (C2 as described above) is used.
- the coating composition does not substantially contain the object means that the concentration of the object in the solid content of the coating composition is less than 0.1% by mass, preferably It is 0.05 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.03 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.01 mass% or less.
- the upper-layer antifouling coating composition (y) contains the hydrolyzable copolymer (A2) having a structural unit derived from the silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11)
- the hydrolyzable copolymer (A2) having a structural unit derived from the silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11)
- Combined use of borane-nitrogen base adducts such as phenylborane and 4-isopropylpyridinediphenylmethylborane and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic antifouling agents such as medetomidine may cause problems such as thickening of coating compositions over time. Therefore, it is particularly preferable that these are not substantially contained.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% in the solid content of the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y). % By mass, more preferably 0.3% by mass to 5% by mass.
- the upper antifouling coating composition (y) is obtained by extracting the organic antifouling agent (C1) from the lower antifouling coating film (X), and the viscosity of the upper antifouling coating composition (y). It is preferable to contain an organic solvent (D2) for the purpose of adjusting.
- the upper antifouling paint composition (y) may contain the solvent used when preparing the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) as the organic solvent (D2). When mixing A2) and other components as necessary, a separately added solvent may be contained. In this invention, it is preferable to select what the organic antifouling agent (C1) and polymer (B1) mentioned above are soluble as an organic solvent (D2).
- soluble means that the solubility at 23 ° C. is 1 g / L or more.
- the organic solvent (D2) preferably contains an organic antifouling agent (C1) having a solubility at 23 ° C. of 10 g / L or more, more preferably 100 g / L or more.
- C1 organic antifouling agent having a solubility at 23 ° C. of 10 g / L or more, more preferably 100 g / L or more.
- an organic solvent (D2) it is preferable that the thing in which the solubility in 23 degreeC of a polymer (B1) is 10 g / L or more is included, and it is more preferable that what is 100 g / L or more is included.
- the solubility can be determined, for example, by the following method.
- the concentration of the medium in the supernatant can be determined by measuring with a measuring method such as HPLC.
- the solubility is 100 g / L or more.
- Organic solvents (D2) include hydrocarbon organic solvents such as xylene, toluene, and ethylbenzene; methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone (also known as methyl isobutyl ketone), 2-heptanone (also known as methyl amyl ketone) Ketone organic solvents such as ethanol; aliphatic organic solvents such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol, etc.
- hydrocarbon organic solvents such as xylene, toluene, and ethylbenzene
- methyl ethyl ketone cyclohexanone
- 4-methyl-2-pentanone also known as methyl isobutyl ketone
- 2-heptanone also known as methyl amyl ketone
- Ketone organic solvents such as
- ester organic solvents such as ethyl, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and isobutyl acetate. From the viewpoints of volatilization rate, ease of handling, availability of raw materials, etc., xylene, n- Butanol, isobutanol, propylene Glycol monomethyl ether acetate n- butyl, isobutyl acetate, 2-heptanone is preferred.
- the organic antifouling agent (C1) contained in the lower antifouling coating (X) to the upper antifouling coating (Y) is used.
- the above-mentioned ester organic solvent or ketone organic solvent is preferably contained, and an ester organic solvent is more preferably contained.
- the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) contains an ester organic solvent or a ketone organic solvent as the organic solvent (D2), the content thereof is 1 to 50 in the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y).
- the mass is preferably 2, and more preferably 2 to 30% by mass.
- the organic antifouling agent (C1) contained in the lower antifouling coating film (X) is 4-bromo-2- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (also known as : Tralopyril), in addition to the above-mentioned viewpoint, from the viewpoint of supply of tralopyril to the upper antifouling coating film (Y), in particular, an alcohol organic solvent, an ester organic solvent or a ketone organic solvent as described above is used. In particular, from the viewpoint of reducing the viscosity of the upper antifouling coating composition (y) and facilitating coating workability, it is preferable to include an ester organic solvent.
- the content in the coating composition (y) is preferably 2 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- An organic solvent (D2) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the organic solvent (D2) contained in the upper antifouling coating composition (y) is an organic antifouling agent (C1) contained in the lower antifouling coating film (X) and the lower antifouling coating composition (x). ) Is preferably soluble.
- the organic solvent (D2) is soluble in the organic antifouling agent (C1).
- the organic solvent (D2) contains two or more organic solvents
- the organic compound contained in the upper antifouling coating composition (y) which is soluble in an organic solvent having the largest content (mass%), or (ii) is a mixed liquid of two or more organic solvents It means satisfy
- “soluble” means that the solubility at 23 ° C. is 1 g / L or more, preferably 10 g / L or more, and more preferably 100 g / L or more. preferable.
- the content of the organic solvent (D2) in the upper-layer antifouling coating composition (y) is selected from the viewpoints of coating workability of the upper-layer coating composition (y), drying properties of the coating film, environmental discharge, and the like.
- the viewpoint of supplying the organic antifouling agent (C1) from the lower antifouling coating film (X) into the upper antifouling coating film (Y) preferably 5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 10 to 90% by mass, The amount is preferably 20 to 80% by mass, and more preferably 40 to 70% by mass.
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) may also contain an organic solvent (D1).
- the organic solvent (D1) are the same as the organic solvent (D2) contained in the upper antifouling coating composition (y).
- the content of the organic solvent (D1) in the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) is preferably 5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass.
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y) may contain other components in addition to the components described above.
- the coating composition of the present invention may further contain another antifouling agent (E) for the purpose of further improving the antifouling property of the coating film to be formed.
- the other antifouling agent (E) is an antifouling agent other than the organic antifouling agent (C), and contains a metal element.
- the organic antifouling agent (C) and the other antifouling agent (E) are also collectively referred to as an antifouling agent.
- the laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention exhibits excellent antifouling properties by optimal use of the organic antifouling agent (C1) derived from the lower antifouling coating film (X).
- the coating composition (y) contains the other antifouling agent (E)
- the antifouling performance can be further improved.
- the present invention can reduce such an antifouling agent that is originally required to obtain an antifouling performance that can cope with a highly fouling environment. The effect that emission can be reduced can be obtained.
- the lower layer coating composition (x) contains the other antifouling agent (E)
- the coating film exhibits good antifouling properties in a situation where the coating film needs antifouling properties.
- antifouling agents (E) include, for example, cuprous oxide, copper oxide, copper (metal copper), copper thiocyanate (also known as rhodan copper), copper pyrithione and zinc pyrithione, and other metal pyrithions, bisdimethyldithiocarbamoyl Zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (also known as polycarbamate), zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (also known as diram), zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate, etc. It is preferable to do.
- the average particle size of cuprous oxide is preferably about 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m for exhibiting long-term antifouling properties, and the surface is made of glycerin, stearic acid, lauric acid, sucrose, lecithin, mineral oil, etc. What is processed is preferable in terms of long-term stability during storage.
- examples of such commercially available cuprous oxide include NC-301 (manufactured by NC Tech Co., Ltd.), NC-803 (manufactured by NC Tech Co., Ltd.), Red Copp 97N Premium (manufactured by AMERICA CHEMET Co.), Purple. Examples include Copp (manufactured by AMERICA CHEMET Co.) and LoLoTint 97 (manufactured by AMERICA CHEMET Co.).
- antifouling agent (E) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the total content thereof can be arbitrarily selected from the viewpoint of the effect of the compound used and the availability, but the laminate to be formed From the viewpoint of improving the antifouling property and physical properties of the antifouling coating film and reducing the environmental load, it is preferably 0.1 to 90% by mass in the solid content of each antifouling coating composition.
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) or the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y) contains cuprous oxide or rhodan copper
- the total content is preferably in the solid content of each coating composition.
- the total content is preferably in the solid content of each coating composition. 0.5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 20% by mass.
- the coating composition of the present invention contains other pigments (F) other than the antifouling agent for the purpose of coloring the coating film and concealing the base, and for the purpose of adjusting to an appropriate coating film strength. Also good.
- Other pigments (F) include, for example, zinc oxide, talc, mica, clay, potassium feldspar, calcium carbonate, kaolin, alumina white, white carbon, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sulfide.
- Examples include extender pigments such as zinc, and colored pigments such as petals (red iron oxide), titanium white (titanium oxide), yellow iron oxide, carbon black, naphthol red, and phthalocyanine blue, including zinc oxide and talc. Is preferred.
- These other pigments (F) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the coating composition of the present invention contains other pigment (F)
- the content is determined by the hiding property required for the antifouling coating film to be formed and the viscosity of the antifouling coating composition. However, it is preferably 1 to 60% by mass in the solid content of the coating composition.
- the coating composition of the present invention may contain a monocarboxylic acid compound (G).
- the monocarboxylic acid compound (G) improves the renewability of the formed coating film from the surface in water, and when the coating film contains an antifouling agent, It promotes release into water to enhance the antifouling property of the coating film, and also has a function of imparting appropriate water resistance to the coating film.
- the monocarboxylic acid compound (G) include, when the monocarboxylic acid compound is represented by R—COOH, R is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 10 to 40 carbon atoms, or 3 carbon atoms. It is preferably a ⁇ 40 saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a substituted product thereof.
- abietic acid neoabietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, parastrinic acid, isopimaric acid, pimaric acid, trimethylisobutenylcyclohexene carboxylic acid, versatic acid, stearic acid, naphthenic acid and the like are preferable.
- rosins whose main components are abietic acid, parastrinic acid, isopimaric acid and the like. Examples of rosins include rosins such as gum rosin, wood rosin and tall oil rosin, hydrogenated rosin, disproportionated rosin, rosin derivatives such as rosin metal salts, and pine tar.
- trimethylisobutenylcyclohexene carboxylic acid examples include a reaction product of 2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-triene and methacrylic acid, which is 1,2,3-trimethyl- 5- (2-Methylprop-1-en-1-yl) cyclohex-3-en-1-carboxylic acid and 1,4,5-trimethyl-2- (2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)
- the main component 85% by mass or more) of cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid.
- a part or all of the monocarboxylic acid compound (G) in the present invention may form a metal ester.
- the metal ester include zinc ester and copper ester.
- the metal ester may be formed in advance before the preparation of the coating composition or may be formed by reaction with other coating components at the time of preparing the coating composition.
- Monocarboxylic acid compound (G) and / or its metal ester may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the content is determined from the viewpoint of coating workability of the coating composition and water resistance of the antifouling coating film.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 1 to 20% by mass in the solid content of the composition.
- the coating composition of the present invention may contain a dehydrating agent (H) for the purpose of improving its storage stability.
- a dehydrating agent (H) include synthetic zeolite, anhydrous gypsum (calcium sulfate) and hemihydrate gypsum (also called calcined gypsum) as inorganic dehydrating agents, and tetramethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane as organic dehydrating agents.
- a dehydrating agent (H) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass in the solid content of the coating composition, more preferably 0.00. The amount is 2 to 15% by mass.
- the coating composition of the present invention may contain a plasticizer (I) for the purpose of imparting plasticity to the antifouling coating film.
- a plasticizer (I) for the purpose of imparting plasticity to the antifouling coating film.
- the plasticizer (I) include tricresyl phosphate (TCP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and the like. These plasticizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the coating composition of the present invention contains the plasticizer (I)
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass in the solid content of the coating composition, more preferably 0.
- the amount is 5 to 10% by mass.
- the content of the plasticizer (I) is within the above range, the plasticity of the coating film can be kept good.
- the coating composition of the present invention may contain an anti-sagging agent / anti-settling agent (J) for the purpose of adjusting the viscosity of the coating composition.
- Anti-sagging agents and anti-settling agents (J) include organic clay waxes (such as Al, Ca, Zn stearate salts, lecithin salts, alkyl sulfonates), organic waxes (polyethylene wax, polyethylene oxide wax, amide). Waxes, polyamide waxes, hydrogenated castor oil waxes, etc.), mixtures of organic clay waxes and organic waxes, synthetic finely divided silica and the like.
- J anti-sagging agent / anti-settling agent
- DISPARON 305 Commercially available products may be used as the anti-sagging agent / anti-settling agent (J), such as “DISPARON 305”, “DISPARON 4200-20”, “DISPARON A630-20X”, “DISPARON” manufactured by Enomoto Kasei Co., Ltd. 6900-20X ",” ASA D-120 "manufactured by Ito Oil Co., Ltd., and the like.
- the anti-sagging agent / anti-settling agent (J) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass in the solid content of the coating composition, More preferably, the amount is 0.2 to 5% by mass.
- the coating composition of the present invention may contain a binder component (K) for the purpose of imparting water resistance, crack resistance and strength to the antifouling coating film to be formed.
- a binder component (K) for the purpose of imparting water resistance, crack resistance and strength to the antifouling coating film to be formed.
- the binder component (K) include chlorinated paraffins, n-paraffins, polyester polymers, terpene phenol resins, petroleum resins, and ketone resins. Among these, chlorinated paraffin, polyester polymer, and petroleum resins are preferable.
- a binder component (K) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the chlorinated paraffin may have a linear or branched molecular structure, and may be liquid or solid (eg, powder) at room temperature (eg, 23 ° C.).
- the chlorinated paraffin preferably has an average carbon number of 8 to 30 and more preferably 10 to 26 in one molecule.
- An antifouling coating composition containing such a chlorinated paraffin can form an antifouling coating film with less cracks and peeling.
- the said average carbon number is less than 8, the effect which suppresses generation
- the viscosity (unit poise, measurement temperature 25 ° C.) of the chlorinated paraffin is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1.2 or more, and the specific gravity (25 ° C.) is preferably 1.05 to 1.80 g. / Cm 3 , more preferably 1.10 to 1.70 g / cm 3 .
- the chlorination rate (chlorine content) of the chlorinated paraffin is usually 35 to 70 parts by mass, preferably 35 to 65 parts by mass when the chlorinated paraffin is 100 parts by mass.
- a coating composition containing a chlorinated paraffin having such a chlorination rate can form a coating film with few cracks, cracks, and the like.
- the polyester polymer is obtained by reaction of one or more polyhydric alcohols with one or more polyvalent carboxylic acids and / or anhydrides thereof, and optionally other components, and uses any kind in any amount.
- the hydroxyl value / acid value and viscosity can be adjusted by the combination.
- polyhydric alcohol examples include propylene glycol, glycerin, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane (TMP), pentaerythritol, sorbitol; polyalkylene glycols such as diethylene glycol; Among them, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, and TMP are preferable because of easy availability of raw materials. These polyhydric alcohols may be used in combination of two or more.
- polyvalent carboxylic acid and / or anhydride thereof examples include malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and 1,9-nonamethylenedicarboxylic acid.
- Acid 1,10-decamethylene dicarboxylic acid, 1,11-undecamethylene dicarboxylic acid, 1,12-dodecamethylene dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, decahydronaphthalenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, hexa
- examples include hydrophthalic acid, succinic acid, and the like, and anhydrides thereof, and phthalic anhydride, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, and hexahydrophthalic anhydride are preferable.
- the polyester polymer preferably has a solid content hydroxyl value of 50 to 150 mgKOH / g, and 80 to 120 mgKOH from the viewpoint of imparting storage stability of the coating composition, antifouling property of the coating film, and appropriate hydrophilicity. / G is more preferable.
- the polyester polymer may be dissolved in a solvent and used as a solution (hereinafter also referred to as a polyester polymer solution).
- a solvent those mentioned as the organic solvent (D2) can be used.
- the viscosity of the polyester polymer solution is preferably 3,000 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 1,000 mPa ⁇ s or less at 25 ° C., from the viewpoint of reducing the viscosity of the coating composition.
- the polyester polymer solution may contain unreacted raw materials. Examples of the petroleum resins include C5 series, C9 series, styrene series, dichloropentadiene series, and hydrogenated products thereof.
- the binder component (K) Commercially available products may be used as the binder component (K).
- the chlorinated paraffin Toyoparax C-70 / A-50 / A-70 / A-145 / A-150 / manufactured by Tosoh Corporation 150 ”etc.
- the polyester polymer “ Tesrack 2474 ”manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the petroleum resins “ Quinton 1500 ”and“ Quinton 1700 ”(all manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) And the like.
- the coating composition of the present invention contains the binder component (K)
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass in the solid content of the coating composition.
- the coating composition of the present invention may contain an epoxy resin (L).
- the epoxy resin (L) is a reactive curable resin that has two or more epoxy groups in one molecule and can be cured by reaction with a curing agent.
- the epoxy resin (L) also functions as a stabilizer by trapping chlorine when the vinyl chloride polymer is contained as the polymer (B1) in the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x).
- Examples of the epoxy resin (L) include a bisphenol type, a novolac type, and an aliphatic type, and a bisphenol type epoxy resin is preferable from the viewpoint of workability and rust prevention.
- the bisphenol type epoxy resin preferably has an epoxy equivalent of 160 to 500, and more preferably 180 to 500.
- bisphenol type epoxy resins examples include bisphenol A type and bisphenol F type epoxy resins, dimer acid-modified and polysulfide-modified bisphenol type epoxy resins, and hydrogenated products of these bisphenol type epoxy resins.
- bisphenol A type epoxy resins are preferable.
- the bisphenol A type epoxy resin examples include bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A polypropylene oxide diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A ethylene oxide diglycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol A propylene oxide diglycidyl ether.
- the bisphenol A type diglycidyl ether examples include bisphenol F type diglycidyl ether such as bisphenol F diglycidyl ether.
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) contains the epoxy resin (L)
- the content thereof is the antifouling property, anticorrosive property, curability, coating film physical property, etc. of the laminated antifouling coating film.
- the solid content of the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) is preferably 1 to 60% by mass, and more preferably 3 to 50% by mass.
- the epoxy resin (L) is not practically contained from the viewpoint of improving the antifouling property.
- the upper-layer antifouling coating composition (y) of the present invention may also contain an epoxy resin (L), but is preferably not substantially contained from the viewpoint of antifouling properties and renewability of the coating film.
- the coating composition of the present invention may contain an epoxy resin curing agent (M), and when the coating composition contains the epoxy resin (L). It is preferable to contain the epoxy resin curing agent (M).
- the coating composition contains both the epoxy resin (L) and the epoxy resin curing agent (M)
- the epoxy resin (L) and the epoxy resin curing agent (M) are cured to form a coating film. Good coating film physical properties and adhesion to the substrate can be imparted.
- the coating composition contains both the epoxy resin (L) and the epoxy resin curing agent (M)
- the coating composition is preferably prepared as a multi-component kit containing them in different components. It is preferable to use the composition after mixing immediately before use.
- Examples of the epoxy resin curing agent (M) include amine-based curing agents, mercapto-based curing agents, acid anhydride-based curing agents, etc., which have good reactivity at room temperature and are easy to handle.
- a curing agent is usually used.
- Examples of the amine curing agent include bifunctional or higher amines such as aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines, aromatic amines, and heterocyclic amines, and modified products thereof.
- Examples of the aliphatic amine include diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, bis (cyanoethyl) diethylenetriamine, bishexamethylenetriamine, and m-xylylenediamine (MXDA).
- Examples of the alicyclic amines include 4-cyclohexanediamine, 4,4′-methylenebiscyclohexylamine, norbornanediamine (NBDA / 2,5- and 2,6-bis (aminomethyl) -bicyclo [2,2, 1) heptane), isophoronediamine (IPDA / 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine) and the like.
- Examples of the aromatic amine include phenylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, and the like.
- Examples of the heterocyclic amine include N-methylpiperazine.
- modified amines include polyamides of amines and modified products thereof, epoxy adducts to which an epoxy compound is added, Mannich modified products, and the like, and epoxy adducts from the viewpoint of curability of coating compositions.
- Polyamide and modified products thereof are preferable in terms of corrosion resistance and adhesion.
- the active hydrogen equivalent of such an amine curing agent is preferably 40 to 1,000 g / eq, more preferably 80 to 600 g / eq, from the viewpoint of the balance between curability and adhesion of the coating composition.
- Specific examples of the amine curing agent include polyamides such as “RACAMIDE N-153”, “RACAMIDE TD-966” manufactured by DIC Corporation, and “SANMIDE 315” manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- PA-23 manufactured by Akira Otake Shin Chemical Co., Ltd., which is an epoxy adduct obtained by adding an epoxy compound to polyamide, “ADEKA” manufactured by ADEKA, a modified Mannich product of modified polyamide.
- Hardener EH-350 "and the like.
- epoxy resin curing agents (M) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the coating composition contains an epoxy resin (L) and a curing agent for epoxy resin (M), and an amine curing agent is used as the curing agent for epoxy resin (M)
- the epoxy resin (L) has an epoxy.
- An amount such that the equivalent ratio of the component to the amine component (epoxy equivalent: active hydrogen equivalent) is preferably 1: 0.25 to 1: 0.9, more preferably 1: 0.3 to 1: 0.8 It is preferable to use in.
- the curing agent for epoxy resin (M) is used in such an amount, there is a tendency that a coating film excellent in drying property, corrosion resistance, and upper layer compatibility can be obtained.
- the curing agent for epoxy resin (M) is preferably 10 to 80 parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin in the coating composition. Used in the amount of.
- the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) of the present invention may also contain an epoxy resin curing agent (M), but it is preferably not substantially contained from the viewpoint of the antifouling property of the coating film.
- the coating composition of the present invention may contain an epoxy resin curing accelerator (N), and the coating composition is used for the epoxy resin (L) and the epoxy resin.
- the curing agent (M) it is preferable that the curing accelerator for epoxy resin (N) is contained because the coating film exhibits good curability even at a low temperature.
- the epoxy resin curing accelerator (N) includes tertiary amine compounds such as tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (TAP), diazabicycloundecene (DBU), diazabicyclononene (DBN); 2-ethyl- Examples include imidazole compounds such as 4-methylimidazole; compounds such as phosphine and phosphonium salt compounds. Among them, tertiary amine compounds are preferable and TAP is more preferable from the viewpoint of reaction acceleration and availability.
- the epoxy resin curing accelerator (N) is 100 masses of the epoxy resin curing agent (M).
- the upper-layer antifouling coating composition (y) of the present invention may also contain an epoxy resin curing accelerator (N), but is preferably not substantially contained from the viewpoint of the antifouling property of the coating film.
- the lower-layer antifouling paint composition (x) and the upper-layer antifouling paint composition (y) of the present invention can be prepared using the same devices and means as those of known general paints, respectively. Specifically, in the case of the upper-layer antifouling coating composition (y), after preparing the hydrolyzable polymer (A2), the solution of the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) and the organic solvent (D2), and If necessary, other additive components can be added at once or sequentially, and stirred and mixed to produce.
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) may be any of the following aspects (i) to (viii).
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) or the upper layer antifouling paint composition (y) has a hydrolyzable polymer (A) having a structural unit derived from a silyl ester group-containing monomer. You may contain both the polymer and the hydrolyzable polymer which has a structural unit derived from a metal ester group containing monomer.
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) does not contain a hydrolyzable polymer (A1).
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y) contain a hydrolyzable polymer (A), and both the hydrolyzable polymer (A) are silyl It has a structural unit derived from the ester group-containing monomer (a11).
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y) contain a hydrolyzable polymer (A), and both the hydrolyzable polymer (A) are metal It has a structural unit derived from the ester group-containing monomer (a12).
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) contains the hydrolyzable polymer (A1), and the hydrolyzable polymer (A1) is derived from the silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11).
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) having a structural unit and contained in the upper antifouling paint composition (y) has a structural unit derived from the metal ester group-containing monomer (a12).
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) contains the hydrolyzable polymer (A1), and the hydrolyzable polymer (A1) is derived from the metal ester group-containing monomer (a12).
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) having a structural unit and contained in the upper antifouling paint composition (y) has a structural unit derived from the silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11).
- the lower-layer antifouling paint composition (x) and the upper-layer antifouling paint composition (y) have particularly preferred embodiments described in the following (vi) to (viii).
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) is used as an organic antifouling agent (C1) as 4-bromo-2- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrrole-3-carbohydrate.
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) containing the nitrile and contained in the upper antifouling coating composition (y) has a structural unit derived from the metal ester group-containing monomer (a12).
- the lower-layer antifouling paint composition (x) contains 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one as the organic antifouling agent (C1), and the upper-layer antifouling paint
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) contained in the composition (y) has a structural unit derived from the metal ester group-containing monomer (a12).
- the lower-layer antifouling paint composition (x) contains 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one as the organic antifouling agent (C1), and the upper-layer antifouling paint
- the hydrolyzable polymer (A2) contained in the composition (y) has a structural unit derived from the silyl ester group-containing monomer (a11).
- the upper antifouling coating composition (y) substantially contains the organic antifouling agent (C2). It is preferable not to contain, and it is more preferable not to contain.
- the manufacturing method of a base material with a laminated antifouling coating film comprises a step of applying a lower antifouling coating composition (x) on a base material to form a lower antifouling coating film (X), and a lower antifouling coating film (X) It has the process of apply
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y) As the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y), the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y) described above are used.
- the applied lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) is dried and / or cured to form the lower layer antifouling coating film (X).
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) applied by the above-mentioned method is dried and / or left by standing, for example, at 25 ° C., preferably for about 1 hour to 14 days, more preferably for about 1 to 7 days. It hardens
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) may be dried and / or cured while blowing with heating.
- the thickness of the lower antifouling coating film (X) is arbitrarily selected according to the anticorrosion performance required for the lower antifouling coating film (X), the coating film strength, the period of use, etc., preferably 10 to 1, Although it is about 000 ⁇ m, it is more preferably 50 to 400 ⁇ m, still more preferably 70 to 200 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the antifouling property of the laminated antifouling coating film, ease of coating film formation, and resource saving.
- the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) is preferably applied at a thickness of 10 to 300 ⁇ m per application, The method of apply
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) when applied a plurality of times to form the lower layer antifouling coating film (X), two or more layers having different compositions are laminated as the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x). May be.
- the base material to which the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) is applied may have a surface on which a coating film such as a primer layer has already been formed, and surface roughening treatment such as sandblasting treatment may be performed.
- the kind of coating film which the lower layer antifouling coating film (X) is in direct contact with is not particularly limited.
- an upper antifouling coating composition (y) is applied on the lower antifouling coating film (X) formed on the substrate, and an upper layer is formed. It has the process of forming an antifouling coating film (Y).
- the method for applying the upper antifouling paint composition (y) is not particularly limited, and can be applied by the same method as the method for applying the lower antifouling paint composition (x) described above.
- the dirty paint composition (y) can form an upper antifouling coating film (Y) by drying. There are no particular restrictions on the drying conditions of the upper antifouling paint composition (y), but drying under conditions having a period exceeding 0 ° C.
- the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y) is dried, for example, under conditions of an average temperature of 25 ° C., usually for 1 hour to 14 days, preferably about 1 to 7 days. You may go while doing it.
- the lower antifouling coating film (X) Prior to the application of the upper antifouling paint composition (y), the lower antifouling coating film (X) may be subjected to a pretreatment such as a roughening treatment with sandpaper or the like, or a surface washing with high-pressure water washing or the like.
- a pretreatment such as a roughening treatment with sandpaper or the like, or a surface washing with high-pressure water washing or the like.
- the upper antifouling coating (Y) of the laminated antifouling coating of the present invention is exhausted and exposed to the lower antifouling coating (X), and the antifouling purpose already in the sea
- an upper antifouling coating composition (y) may be further applied to form a laminated antifouling coating film.
- the thickness of the upper antifouling coating film (Y) is arbitrarily selected according to the renewal speed of the upper antifouling coating film (Y), the period of use, etc., but is preferably about 40 to 1,500 ⁇ m. From the viewpoint of the antifouling property of the laminated antifouling coating film, the strength of the coating film, and the ease of forming the coating film, it is more preferably 60 to 800 ⁇ m, still more preferably 80 to 600 ⁇ m. As a method for producing a coating film of this thickness, the upper antifouling coating composition (y) is preferably 30 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 200 ⁇ m, once to multiple times per application. The method of apply
- coating twice is mentioned.
- the substrate with a laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention is produced by forming the laminated antifouling coating film on the substrate by the method as described above.
- the laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention can be used for maintaining the antifouling property of a substrate over a long period of time in a wide range of industrial fields such as ships, fisheries, and marine structures.
- Examples of such base materials include ships (container ships, large steel ships such as tankers, fishing boats, FRP ships, wooden ships, yachts, etc. hull outer plates, new ships or repair ships, etc.), fishing materials (ropes, fishing nets, etc.) , Fishing gear, floats, buoys, etc.) and offshore structures such as mega floats.
- the base material is preferably selected from the group consisting of ships, underwater structures, and fishing gear, more preferably selected from the group consisting of ships and underwater structures, and is further a ship. preferable.
- the antifouling method of the present invention uses the above-mentioned laminated antifouling coating film, and is a method of preventing fouling by providing the laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention on various substrates.
- the coating kit for forming a laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention includes at least the lower antifouling coating composition (x) and the upper antifouling coating composition (y) described above.
- the coating kit for forming a laminated antifouling coating film of the present invention combines a primer layer forming coating composition and the like in addition to the lower layer antifouling coating composition (x) and the upper layer antifouling coating composition (y).
- a kit comprising three or more coating compositions may be used.
- the upper antifouling coating composition of the present invention is the above-described upper antifouling coating composition (y), which is formed on the lower antifouling coating film (X) formed by the lower antifouling coating composition (x). It is suitably used for forming an upper antifouling coating film (Y).
- each component used in the examples refers to a component excluding volatile components contained in each component as a solvent, and is obtained by drying each component in a hot air dryer at 125 ° C. for 1 hour. It is a thing.
- the viscosity of the obtained polymer solutions (A-1) to (A-4) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymers contained therein are measured as follows.
- (Viscosity of polymer solution) The viscosity of the polymer solution at 25 ° C. was measured with an E-type viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.).
- ⁇ Production Example 7 Production of hydrolyzable polymer solution (A-7)> Into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a thermometer, a dropping device, a nitrogen introduction pipe, and a heating / cooling jacket, 10.0 parts of PGM, 63.0 parts of xylene, and 3.0 parts of ethyl acrylate were charged and stirred. The temperature was raised to 100 ⁇ 5 ° C.
- a pale yellow transparent hydrolyzable polymer solution (A-8) was prepared.
- Table 2 shows the constitution of the monomer components of the hydrolyzable polymer solutions (A-5) to (A-8) and the characteristic values of the hydrolyzable polymer solutions (A-5) to (A-8). Shown together.
- the viscosity, number average molecular weight, and weight average molecular weight were measured in the same manner as in the hydrolyzable polymer solution (A-1), and the zinc content (% by mass) was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation). Measured by AA6800 (trade name) manufactured by Seisakusho.
- the organic antifouling agent (C) used is soluble in xylene and propylene glycol monomethyl ether.
- the solubility of tralopyryl is 1 g / L or more for xylene, 100 g / L or more for propylene glycol monomethyl ether, DCOIT is 100 g / L or more for all, and PK is 1 g / L or more for all.
- Medetomidine is 1 g / L or more with respect to xylene, and 100 g / L or more with respect to propylene glycol monomethyl-ter.
- all the used polymers (B) are soluble in the organic solvent mixed liquid of the ratio described in the Example, The solubility is 100 g / L or more.
- a silicone-based paint composition (trade name “CMP Bioclin HB”, manufactured by China Paint Co., Ltd., does not contain hydrolyzable polymer (A) and organic antifouling agent (B))
- a coating composition obtained by mixing 3 parts by mass of tralopyril and 10 parts by mass of 2-heptanone with respect to 100 parts by mass of the composition (y-12) was obtained as a lower layer antifouling coating composition (x-20). It was.
- the lower layer antifouling paint composition (x) produced according to Table 4 was applied once so that the dry film thickness was about 100 ⁇ m
- the upper antifouling paint composition (y) produced according to Table 5 was applied once so that the dry film thickness was about 200 ⁇ m, and then dried at 25 ° C. for 7 days to obtain a laminated antifouling agent.
- a test plate with a coating film was prepared. The above three coatings are performed once a day, that is, in the case of repeated coating, after coating the coating composition corresponding to the lower layer coating film, the coating composition is dried at 25 ° C. for at least 24 hours and applied on the coating film. A coating composition corresponding to the upper layer coating film was applied.
- a laminated antifouling coating film having a good appearance and capable of exhibiting antifouling performance and interlayer adhesion, and this on a substrate A substrate with a laminated antifouling coating film can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
一方、このような防汚剤の効果を活かすために、加水分解性重合体を用いた自己研掃型防汚塗膜の使用が検討されている。自己研掃型防汚塗膜は、水中に接する塗膜表面で加水分解性重合体が加水分解反応して、親水的となった層が水流により研掃するプロセスによって連続して塗膜表面が更新される塗膜である。前述のような防汚剤は、塗膜表面から水中に徐々に拡散するため、塗膜表面における濃度が低下するが、この自己研掃型防汚塗膜と組み合わせることでその課題を改善することができる。例えば、特許文献3にはトラロピリルを含む2種以上の防汚剤と特定の基を側鎖に有するアクリル樹脂とを含有する防汚塗料組成物の開示がある。
[1] 下層防汚塗膜(X)と、上層防汚塗膜(Y)とが積層されてなる積層防汚塗膜であり、前記下層防汚塗膜(X)は、重合体(B1)と有機防汚剤(C1)とを含有し、前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、前記上層防汚塗膜(Y)は、加水分解性重合体(A2)を含有する積層防汚塗膜。
[2] 前記下層防汚塗膜(X)が、更に加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有する、[1]に記載の積層防汚塗膜。
[3] 前記下層防汚塗膜(X)に占める、前記重合体(B1)及び前記加水分解性重合体(A1)の総量が1~90質量%である、[1]又は[2]に記載の積層防汚塗膜。
[4]前記加水分解性重合体(A1)及び/又は加水分解性重合体(A2)がシリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)に由来する構成単位を有する、[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の積層防汚塗膜。
[5] 前記シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)が、下記式(1-1)で表される、[4]に記載の積層防汚塗膜。
[7] 前記金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)が、下記式(1-2)で表される単量体(a121)及び下記式(1-3)で表される単量体(a122)の少なくとも1つを含有する、[6]に記載の積層防汚塗膜。
[9] [1]~[8]のいずれか1つに記載の積層防汚塗膜で被覆された積層防汚塗膜付き基材。
[10] 前記基材が水中構造物、船舶、又は漁具である、[9]に記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材。
[11] [1]~[8]のいずれか1つに記載の積層防汚塗膜を使用する、防汚方法。
[12] 基材上に、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)を塗布し、下層防汚塗膜(X)を形成する工程、及び下層防汚塗膜(X)上に、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を塗布し、上層防汚塗膜(Y)を形成する工程を有し、前記下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、重合体(B1)と有機防汚剤(C1)とを含有し、前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、前記上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、加水分解性重合体(A2)及び有機溶剤(D2)を含有する、積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。
[13] 前記有機溶剤(D2)が、前記下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が含有する重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)を可溶である、[12]に記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。
[14] 前記有機溶剤(D2)が、炭化水素系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、及びエステル系溶剤よりなる群から選択される1種以上を含有する、[12]又は[13]に記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。
[15] 前記上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が有機防汚剤(C2)を含有し、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)中の有機防汚剤(C2)の含有量(質量%)が、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)中の有機防汚剤(C1)の含有量(質量%)よりも低い、[12]~[14]のいずれか1つに記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。
[16] 前記上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、有機防汚剤(C2)を実質的に含有しない、[12]~[15]のいずれか1つに記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。
[17] 重合体(B1)と有機防汚剤(C1)とを含有する下層防汚塗料組成物(x)、及び加水分解性重合体(A2)と有機溶剤(D2)とを含有する上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を含む積層防汚塗膜形成用塗料キットであり、前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、前記下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が含有する重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)が、前記有機溶剤(D2)に可溶である、積層防汚塗膜形成用塗料キット。
[18] 重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)を含有する下層防汚塗膜(X)の表面に塗装される上層防汚塗料組成物であり、前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、前記上層防汚塗料組成物が加水分解性重合体(A2)及び有機溶剤(D2)を含有し、前記有機溶剤(D2)が、下層防汚塗膜(X)が含有する重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)を可溶である、上層防汚塗料組成物。
本発明の積層防汚塗膜は、下層防汚塗膜(X)と、上層防汚塗膜(Y)とが積層されてなる積層防汚塗膜であり、前記下層防汚塗膜(X)は、重合体(B1)と有機防汚剤(C1)とを含有し、前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、前記上層防汚塗膜(Y)は、加水分解性重合体(A2)を含有する。
また、本発明の積層防汚塗膜付き基材は、基材が本発明の積層防汚塗膜で被覆されてなる。
更に、本発明の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法は、基材上に、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)を塗布し、下層防汚塗膜(X)を形成する工程、及び下層防汚塗膜(X)上に、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を塗布し、上層防汚塗膜(Y)を形成する工程を有し、前記下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、重合体(B1)と有機防汚剤(C1)とを含有し、前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、前記上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、加水分解性重合体(A2)及び有機溶剤(D2)を含有する。
本発明の積層防汚塗膜付き基材は、本発明の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法により製造されたものであることが好ましい。また、本発明の積層防汚塗膜は、前記積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法において使用される下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)により形成されることが好ましい。
上記効果が得られる詳細な作用機序は必ずしも明らかではないが、一部は以下のように推定される。すなわち、下層防汚塗膜(X)が含有する有機防汚剤(C1)が、下層防汚塗膜(X)を形成する際に、下層防汚塗膜(X)の表面近傍に偏在した場合であっても、該下層防汚塗膜(X)上に上層防汚塗膜(Y)を設けることで、積層防汚塗膜全体としての有機防汚剤(C1)の表面近傍への偏在が抑制され、外観不良の発生が抑制されると考えられる。
また、積層防汚塗膜において、上層防汚塗膜(Y)中に、下層防汚塗膜(X)から、継時的に有機防汚剤(C1)が供給されるために、その初期から、長期に亘って高い防汚性能を発揮することができると推定される。なお、上層防汚塗膜(Y)は、加水分解性重合体(A2)を含有するため、上層防汚塗膜(Y)が有する塗膜更新性によっても、防汚性が発揮される。特に、上層防汚塗膜(Y)を形成するための上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が有機溶剤(D2)を含有し、該有機溶剤(D2)が、下層防汚塗膜(X)が含有する重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)を可溶であると、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を下層防汚塗膜(X)に塗布した際に、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)中に有機防汚剤(C1)が抽出され、上層防汚塗膜(Y)中に適度な量の有機防汚剤(C)が供給されるため、その初期から高い防汚性能を発揮することができると推定される。
また、一般的な防汚塗膜中に、有機防汚剤が均一に分布されている状態、又は表層に向かって偏在している防汚塗膜と比較して、本発明の積層防汚塗膜は下層方向に向かって有機防汚剤(C1)の濃度が高くなる濃度傾斜状態をとっていると考えられ、水中での有機防汚剤の塗膜からの拡散による消失の面で、上層から下層に向っての塗膜更新が下層に到達した際に有機防汚剤(C1)の濃度が高く保てるために防汚性能が良好となるということも推定される。
以下、下層防汚塗膜(X)、及び該下層防汚塗膜(X)の形成に好適な下層防汚塗料組成物(x)、並びに上層防汚塗膜(Y)、及び該上層防汚塗膜(Y)の形成に好適な上層防汚塗料組成物(y)について説明する。
なお、以下の説明において、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を総称して、防汚塗料組成物、又は塗料組成物ともいう。また、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が含有する加水分解性重合体は加水分解性重合体(A1)、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する加水分解性重合体は加水分解性重合体(A2)のように、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が含有する各成分には、成分を表すアルファベットの後に1、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する各成分には、成分を表すアルファベットの後に2を付し、これらを総称する場合には、加水分解性重合体(A)のように、数字を付さずに記載することとする。
本発明の積層防汚塗膜は、下層防汚塗膜(X)と上層防汚塗膜(Y)とが積層されてなる。下層防汚塗膜(X)と上層防汚塗膜(Y)は、隣接する層であることが好ましい。
下層防汚塗膜(X)は、重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)を含有する。下層防汚塗膜(X)は、更に加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有してもよい。
また、下層防汚塗膜(X)の形成に好適に使用される下層防汚塗料組成物(x)は、重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)を含有し、更に、有機溶剤(D1)を含有することが好ましい。また、前記成分に加え、加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有してもよい。
上層防汚塗膜(Y)は、加水分解性重合体(A2)を含有する。
また、上層防汚塗膜(Y)の形成に好適に使用される上層防汚塗料組成物(y)は、加水分解性重合体(A2)に加え、有機溶剤(D2)を含有することが好ましい。
以下、防汚塗膜及び防汚塗料組成物に使用される各成分について説明する。
本発明において、上層防汚塗膜(Y)は加水分解性重合体(A2)を含有し、下層防汚塗膜(X)は加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有してもよい。ここで、上述したように、加水分解性重合体(A1)及び加水分解性重合体(A2)を総称して、加水分解性重合体(A)ともいう。
上層防汚塗膜(Y)が、加水分解性重合体(A2)を含有することにより、上層防汚塗膜(Y)に適度な耐水性及び塗膜更新性による防汚性が付与される。また、下層防汚塗膜(X)が加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有する場合、下層防汚塗膜(X)に適度な耐水性及び塗膜更新性が付与される。
なお、本発明において、「aに由来する構成単位を有する重合体」とは、aが重合反応又は連鎖移動により導入された重合体を意味する。従って、例えば単量体(a2)がメルカプト基を有する場合には、ラジカル重合末端が-SHのHを引き抜き、生成した-S・(Sラジカル)が重合を開始する形で加水分解性重合体に導入されるが、このような場合にも、加水分解性重合体(A)は、その他の単量体(a2)に由来する構成単位を有するものである。
以下、各構成単位について説明する。
加水分解性重合体(A)は、(i)加水分解性基含有単量体(a1)に由来する構成単位を有する。
加水分解性基含有単量体(a1)としては、シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)又は金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)が好ましく例示される。
上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)に由来する構成単位を有する加水分解性重合体(A2)を含有することは、形成する積層防汚塗膜の防汚性や上層防汚塗膜(Y)と下層防汚塗膜(X)との層間密着性等を良好とする観点から好ましい。
また、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)に由来する構成単位を有する加水分解性重合体(A2)を含有することも、形成する積層防汚塗膜の防汚性や防汚塗膜の塗膜物性等を良好とする観点で好ましい。
加水分解性重合体(A)中の加水分解性単量体(a1)に由来する構成単位の含有量は、加水分解性重合体の全構成単位を100質量部としたとき、好ましくは3~80質量部、より好ましくは5~70質量部である。
前記シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)としては、下記式(1-1)で表される化合物を含有することが好ましい。
式(1-1)中、R12、R13及びR14はそれぞれ独立に一価の炭化水素基を示し、このような炭化水素基としては直鎖状、分岐鎖状、又は環状のアルキル基、及びアリール基などが挙げられる。前記アルキル基は、炭素数が好ましくは1~12、より好ましくは1~8、更に好ましくは1~4である。また、前記アリール基は、炭素数が好ましくは6~14、より好ましくは6~10である。防汚塗膜に適度な加水分解性を付与して長期の防汚性及び耐水性を良好とする観点から、R12~R14としては、イソプロピル基、n-プロピル基、sec-ブチル基、n-ブチル基、フェニル基から選ばれることが好ましく、R12~R14の全てがイソプロピル基であることがより好ましい。
すなわち、シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)としては、トリイソプロピルシリル(メタ)アクリレートが特に好ましく、トリイソプロピルシリルメタクリレートが最も好ましい。
なお、加水分解性重合体(A)中の各単量体等に由来する構成単位の各含有量(質量)の比率は、重合反応に用いる前記各単量体等(反応原料)の仕込み量(質量)の比率と同じものとしてみなすことができる。
本発明において、加水分解性基含有単量体(a1)は、金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)を含有することが好ましく、金属エステル基含有単量体が、下記式(1-2)で表される単量体(a121)及び下記式(1-3)で表される単量体(a122)の少なくとも1つを含有することが好ましい。
式(1-2)中、Mは二価の金属であり、上述した金属の中から、二価金属を適宜選択して用いることができる。これらの中でも、ニッケル、銅、及び亜鉛等の第10~12族の金属が好ましく、銅、及び亜鉛がより好ましく、亜鉛が更に好ましい。
R21としては、末端エチレン性不飽和基を含有する不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基であることが好ましく、前記不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基は、炭素鎖内にエステル結合、アミド結合、エーテル結合を有していてもよい。R21として具体的には、アクリル酸(2-プロペン酸)、メタクリル酸(2-メチル-2-プロペン酸)、3-ブテン酸、4-ペンテン酸、10-ウンデセン酸、3-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシプロピオン酸、3-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸等の末端エチレン性不飽和基を有する脂肪族不飽和モノカルボン酸から、カルボキシ基を除いた基が例示される。また、イタコン酸等の末端エチレン性不飽和基を含有する脂肪族不飽和ジカルボン酸から、1つのカルボキシ基を除いた基が例示される。
これらの中でも、R21としては、末端エチレン性不飽和基を含有する脂肪族不飽和モノカルボン酸からカルボキシ基を除いた基であることが好ましく、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキルカルボン酸からカルボキシ基を除いた基であることがより好ましく、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸からカルボキシ基を除いた基であることが更に好ましい。
式(1-3)中、R32は、末端エチレン性不飽和基を含有しない炭素数1~30の一価の有機基を示す。R32としては、末端エチレン性不飽和基を含有しない、炭素数1~30の肪族炭化水素基、炭素数3~30の脂環式炭化水素基、炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基が例示される。これらの基は、置換基を有していてもよい。該置換基としては、水酸基が例示される。
前記脂肪族炭化水素基は、直鎖状、分岐状のいずれでもよく、また、飽和脂肪族炭化水素基でも、不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基でもよい。なお、R32が不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基であるとき、R32は末端エチレン性不飽和基を含有しない。該脂肪族炭化水素基の炭素数は、1~30、好ましくは1~28、より好ましくは1~26、更に好ましくは炭素数1~24である。なお、該脂肪族炭化水素基は、更に脂環式炭化水素基や芳香族炭化水素基により置換されていてもよい。
前記脂環式炭化水素基は、飽和脂環式炭化水素基でも、不飽和脂環式炭化水素基でもよい。該脂環式炭化水素基の炭素数は、3~30、好ましくは4~20、より好ましくは5~16、更に好ましくは6~12である。なお、該脂環式炭化水素基は、更に脂肪族炭化水素基や芳香族炭化水素基により置換されていてもよい。
前記芳香族炭化水素基の炭素数は、6~30、好ましくは6~24、より好ましくは6~18、更に好ましくは炭素数6~10である。なお、該芳香族炭化水素基は、更に脂肪族炭化水素基や脂環式炭化水素基により置換されていてもよい。
これらの中でも、好ましくはアビエチン酸、バーサチック酸、ナフテン酸からカルボキシ基を除いた基、より好ましくはアビエチン酸、バーサチック酸からカルボキシ基を除いた基である。
加水分解性重合体(A)が、式(1-3)で表される単量体(a122)に由来する構成単位を有する場合、加水分解性重合体(A)は、式(1-3)で表される重合性化合物(単量体(a122))中の末端エチレン性不飽和基のみが重合することによって得られる構成単位を有することが好ましい。
加水分解性重合体(A)が、単量体(a121)又は(a122)に由来する構成単位を有する場合、全構成単位100質量部に対する単量体(a121)及び(a122)に由来する構成単位の含有量は、合計して、防汚塗膜の防汚性能や耐水性を良好とする観点から、好ましくは3~40質量部、より好ましくは5~30質量部である。
本発明において、加水分解性重合体(A)は、(ii)その他の単量体(a2)に由来する構成単位を有することが好ましい。
前記その他の単量体(a2)としては、前記単量体(a1)と共重合可能な単量体を制限なく用いることができる。これらの中でも、その他の単量体(a2)は、エチレン性不飽和化合物であることが好ましい。
前記その他の単量体(a2)としては例えば、
ポリオルガノシロキサンブロック含有単量体(a21);
メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、n-プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、イソプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、n-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチル(メタ)アクリレート、tert-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、ペンチル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、n-オクチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソオクチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリル(メタ)アクリレート、セチル(メタ)アクリレート、ステアリル(メタ)アクリレート、フェニル(メタ)アクリレート、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート等のアルキル(メタ)アクリレート又はアリール(メタ)アクリレート;
2-メトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、4-メトキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、3-メトキシ-n-プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2-プロポキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ブトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブトキシブチルジグリコール(メタ)アクリレート、2-フェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、メトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、ブトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート等のアルコキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレート;
ヒドロキシメチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、4-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、及び2-ヒドロキシ-3-フェノキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート等のヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレート;
グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート;
スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、酢酸ビニル、安息香酸ビニル、ビニルトルエン、アクリロニトリル、ビニルピリジン、ビニルピロリドン、塩化ビニルなどのビニル化合物が挙げられ、特に耐スライム性等の防汚性能を向上させる点でポリオルガノシロキサンブロック含有単量体(a21)を含むことが好ましい。これら単量体は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
ポリオルガノシロキサンブロック含有単量体(a21)は、下記式(2)で表されることが好ましい。
(式(2)中、R1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に、一価の炭化水素基を表し、Xはそれぞれ独立に、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキル基又はメルカプトアルキル基を表し、mは1以上、nは0以上であり、p及びqはそれぞれ独立に0又は1であり、n+p+qは1以上である。)
式(2)中、Xはそれぞれ独立に(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキル基又はメルカプトアルキル基を表し、均一な重合の進行の観点からは(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキル基が好ましく、形成する重合体の粘度を低減し、取り扱いを容易とする観点からはメルカプトアルキル基も好ましい。このようなXとしては、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチル基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシプロピル基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシブチル基やメルカプトメチル基、メルカプトエチル基、メルカプトプロピル基、メルカプトブチル基等が挙げられる。
式(2)中、mは1以上、nは0以上であり、p及びqはそれぞれ独立に0又は1であり、n+p+qは1以上である。
なお、m及びnは、それぞれ(SiR2 2O)、(SiXR3O)の平均繰り返し数を意味する。
式(2)中、m+nは、2以上であることが好ましい。
このような単量体(a211)に由来する構成単位を有する加水分解性重合体(A)を含有する防汚塗料組成物は、特に優れた防汚性を有する防汚塗膜を形成できる点で好ましい。
このような単量体(a211)は、重合容易性等の観点から、mは3~200であることが好ましく、5~70であることがより好ましい。
このような単量体(a211)としては、市販のものを用いることができ、例えば、JNC(株)製のFM-0711(片末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、数平均分子量Mn=1,000)、FM-0721(片末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、数平均分子量Mn=5,000)、FM-0725(片末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、数平均分子量Mn=10,000)、信越化学工業(株)製のX-22-174ASX(片末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量900g/mol)、KF-2012(片末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量4,600g/mol)、X-22-2426(片末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量12,000g/mol)が挙げられる。
このような単量体(a212)に由来する構成単位を有する加水分解性重合体(A)を含有する防汚塗料組成物は、形成する積層防汚塗膜の層間密着性が良好となる傾向があるので好ましい。
このような単量体(a212)は、重合容易性等の観点から、mは3~200であることが好ましく、5~70であることがより好ましい。
このような単量体(a212)としては、市販のものを用いることができ、例えば、JNC(株)製のFM-7711(両末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、数平均分子量Mn=1,000)、FM-7721(両末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、数平均分子量Mn=5,000)、FM-7725(両末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、数平均分子量Mn=10,000)、信越化学工業(株)製のX-22-164(両末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量190g/mol)、X-22-164AS(両末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量450g/mol)、X-22-164A(両末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量860g/mol)、X-22-164B(両末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量1630g/mol)、X-22-164C(両末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量2,370g/mol)、X-22-164E(両末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量3,900g/mol)、X-22-167B(両末端メルカプトアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量1,670g/mol)が挙げられる。
加水分解性重合体(A)がこのような単量体(a213)に由来する構成単位を有すると、粘度が低く取扱いが容易である点で好ましい。
このような単量体(a213)は、重合容易性等の観点から、mは好ましくは50~1,000であり、nは好ましくは1~30である。
このような単量体(a213)としては、市販のものを用いることができ、例えば、信越化学工業(株)製のKF-2001(側鎖メルカプトアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量1,900g/mol)、KF-2004(側鎖メルカプトアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量30,000g/mol)が挙げられる。
例えば、加水分解性基含有単量体(a1)が、前記単量体(a121)又は(a122)を含む場合は、例えば、無機金属化合物(好ましくは銅又は亜鉛の酸化物、水酸化物、塩化物等)と、メタクリル酸、アクリル酸等の有機酸又はそのエステル化物とを、有機溶剤及び水の存在下で金属塩の分解温度以下で加熱し、撹拌する等の公知の方法で合成することができる。
より具体的には、まず、溶剤と酸化亜鉛等の金属成分とを混合した混合液を50~80℃程度に加温しながら撹拌し、これに、メタクリル酸やアクリル酸等の有機酸又はそのエステル体、及び水等の混合液を滴下し、更に撹拌することにより単量体(a121)又は(a122)を調製する。
次に、新たに用意した反応容器に溶剤を入れ80~120℃程度に加温し、これに前記単量体(a121)又は(a122)並びにその他の単量体(a2)、重合開始剤、連鎖移動剤、及び溶剤等の混合液を滴下し重合反応を行うことにより、金属エステル基含有加水分解性重合体(A)を得ることができる。
加水分解性重合体(A)の製造における重合開始剤の使用量は、前記各単量体の合計100質量部に対して0.1~20質量部が好ましい。
加水分解性重合体(A)の製造において連鎖移動剤を用いる場合、その使用量は、前記各単量体の合計100質量部に対して0.1~5質量部が好ましい。
数平均分子量(Mn)は、好ましくは1,000~100,000、より好ましくは1,500~30,000である。また、重量平均分子量(Mw)は、好ましくは2,000~200,000、より好ましくは3,000~60,000である。
前記数平均分子量(Mn)及び重量平均分子量(Mw)は、ゲルパーミエーショングラフィにより測定し、標準ポリスチレンにて換算することにより求められる。
下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)中の加水分解性重合体(A)の含有量は、本発明における防汚塗料の塗装作業性や防汚塗膜の防汚性が向上する観点から、防汚塗料組成物の固形分中、好ましくは5質量%以上、より好ましくは10質量%以上であり、また、好ましくは99質量%以下、より好ましくは95質量%以下、更に好ましくは90質量%以下、より更に好ましくは88質量%以下である。
なお、本発明において、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)又は上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が加水分解性重合体(A)を2種以上含有する場合、上記の含有量は加水分解性重合体(A)の総含有量としての好ましい範囲であり、後述する各成分についても同様である。
また、加水分解性重合体(A)が金属エステル基含有単量体、好ましくは単量体(a121)及び/又は単量体(a122)に由来する構成単位を有する場合、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)又は上層防汚塗料組成物(y)の固形分中の加水分解性重合体(A)の含有量は、好ましくは10~99質量%、より好ましくは15~95質量%、更に好ましくは20~90質量%、より更に好ましくは25~88質量%である。
なお、本発明において塗料組成物が加水分解性重合体(A)を2種以上含有する場合、上記の含有量は加水分解性重合体(A)の総含有量としての好ましい範囲であり、後述する各成分についても同様である。
本発明において、下層防汚塗膜(X)及び下層防汚塗料組成物(x)は、重合体(B1)を含有する。下層防汚塗膜(X)及び下層防汚塗料組成物(x)は、重合体(B1)に加え、上述した加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有していてもよい。
なお、重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、かつ、前述した加水分解性重合体(A)を除く重合体である。従って、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有していても、シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)及び/又は金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)に由来する構成単位を有する重合体は、重合体(B1)に該当しない。
すなわち、重合体(B1)は、前記加水分解性基含有単量体(a1)に由来する構成単位を含まない。
重合体(B1)は、23℃における有機溶剤(D2)に対する溶解度が10g/L以上であることがより好ましい。このような重合体(B1)を用いると、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)から形成される上層防汚塗膜(Y)に有機防汚剤(C1)を効率的に供給することができ、また、該上層防汚塗膜(Y)と下層防汚塗膜(X)との層間密着性を向上させることができる。
このような重合体(B1)として、具体的には、塩化ゴム、塩素化ポリエチレン、塩素化ポリプロピレン等の塩素化ポリオレフィン;(メタ)アクリル酸メチル系共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル系共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸プロピル系共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル系共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸シクロヘキシル系共重合体等のアクリル系樹脂;塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル-プロピオン酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル-イソブチルビニルエーテル共重合体、塩化ビニル-イソプロピルビニルエーテル共重合体、塩化ビニル-エチルビニルエーテル共重合体等の塩化ビニル系樹脂(塩ビ共重合体);スチレン系樹脂;芳香族系石油樹脂;脂肪族系石油樹脂;尿素アルデヒド縮合系樹脂;ケトン系樹脂等を挙げることができる。
更に、重合体(B1)の他の好ましい態様としては、(メタ)アクリル酸及び/又は(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの単独重合体又は共重合体(以下、(メタ)アクリル系重合体ともいう。)が挙げられる。
本発明において、重合体(B1)は、1種単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよく、好ましい一態様として、上述した塩化ビニルに由来する構成単位を有する重合体と、(メタ)アクリル系重合体を併用することが挙げられる。
重合体(B1)の重量平均分子量は、5,000~100,000の範囲であることが好ましい。
また、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)の固形分中、すなわち下層防汚塗膜(X)中の重合体(B1)及び加水分解性重合体(A1)の総含有量(合計含有量)は、積層防汚塗膜の防汚性や物性の観点から、好ましくは1~90質量%、より好ましくは5~60質量%、より好ましくは10~50質量%である。
なお、前記上層防汚塗料組成物(y)も重合体(B2)を任意に含有していてもよいが、塗膜更新性の観点から、重合体(B2)を含有しないことが好ましい。
本発明において、下層防汚塗膜(X)及び下層防汚塗料組成物(x)は有機防汚剤(C1)を含有する。
本発明において、有機防汚剤(C1)は、防汚性を有し、かつ、金属元素を含有しない化合物である。なお、半金属であるホウ素は、金属元素に該当しない。
有機防汚剤(C1)として、具体的に、4-ブロモ-2-(4-クロロフェニル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピロール-3-カルボニトリル(別名:トラロピリル)、4,5-ジクロロ-2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(別名:DCOIT)、ピリジントリフェニルボラン、4-イソプロピルピリジンジフェニルメチルボラン等のボラン-窒素系塩基付加物、(+/-)-4-[1-(2,3-ジメチルフェニル)エチル]-1H-イミダゾール(別名:メデトミジン)、N,N-ジメチル-N’-(3,4-ジクロロフェニル)尿素(別名:ジウロン)、N-(2,4,6-トリクロロフェニル)マレイミド、2,4,5,6-テトラクロロイソフタルニトリル、2-メチルチオ-4-tert-ブチルアミノ-6-シクロプロピルアミノ-1,3,5-トリアジン(別名:シブトリン)、クロロメチル-n-オクチルジスルフィド、N,N’-ジメチル-N’-フェニル-(N-フルオロジクロロメチルチオ)スルファミド(別名:ジクロフルアニド)、テトラアルキルチウラムジスルフィド(別名:TMTD)、2,3-ジクロロ-N-(2’,6’-ジエチルフェニル)マレイミド、2,3-ジクロロ-N-(2’-エチル-6’-メチルフェニル)マレイミド等が例示される。
なお、防汚塗料組成物中、又は防汚塗膜中において、上記の有機防汚剤が塩を形成する場合を排除するものではなく、そのように塩を形成している場合であっても、有機防汚剤に該当するものである。
下層防汚塗料組成物(x)中の有機防汚剤(C1)の総含有量は、用いる化合物の効能やコストなどに応じて任意に選択できるが、積層防汚塗膜に優れた防汚性と物性を付与できる観点から、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)の固形分中に好ましくは0.1~50質量%、より好ましくは1~30質量%、更に好ましくは3~20質量%である。なお、下層防汚塗膜(X)中の有機防汚剤(C1)の含有量は、上層防汚塗膜(Y)の形成時における、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する有機溶剤(D2)への溶解や、積層防汚塗膜中での下層防汚塗膜(X)から上層防汚塗膜(Y)への有機防汚剤(C1)の供給に伴い、変動する。従って、有機防汚剤(C1)の含有量は、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)の固形分中の含有量で規定することが最も適切である。
また、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、有機防汚剤(C1)としてDCOITを含有する場合、同様の観点から、DCOITの含有量は、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)の固形分中に好ましくは0.5~15質量%、より好ましくは1~12質量%であり、更に好ましくは2~10質量%である。
なお、本発明において「塗料組成物が対象物を実質的に含有しない」とは、塗料組成物の固形分中の対象物の濃度が0.1質量%未満であることを意味し、好ましくは0.05質量%以下、より好ましくは0.03質量%以下であり、更に好ましくは0.01質量%以下である。
上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が有機防汚剤(C2)を含有する場合、その含有量は、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)の固形分中、好ましくは0.1質量%~10質量%であり、より好ましくは0.3質量%~5質量%である。
本発明において、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)は、下層防汚塗膜(X)中から有機防汚剤(C1)を抽出すること、及び該上層防汚塗料組成物(y)の粘度を調整することを目的として、有機溶剤(D2)を含有することが好ましい。なお、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)は、有機溶剤(D2)として、前記加水分解性重合体(A2)を調製する際に使用した溶剤を含有してもよく、加水分解性重合体(A2)と必要に応じてその他の成分とを混合する際に、別途添加された溶剤を含有してもよい。
本発明において、有機溶剤(D2)として、前述した有機防汚剤(C1)及び重合体(B1)が可溶であるものを選択することが好ましい。なお、本発明において、「可溶である」とは、23℃における溶解度が1g/L以上であることを意味する。
有機溶媒(D2)としては、有機防汚剤(C1)の23℃における溶解度が10g/L以上であるものを含むことが好ましく、100g/L以上であるものを含むことがより好ましい。
また、有機溶媒(D2)としては、重合体(B1)の23℃における溶解度が10g/L以上であるものを含むことが好ましく、100g/L以上であるものを含むことがより好ましい。
溶解度は例えば以下の方法で決定することができる。
溶解度を測定する溶質100gと溶媒1Lを容器内で十分に撹拌して均一な懸濁液とした後、上澄みにおける媒質の濃度をHPLC等の測定方法で計測することで決定することができる。混合物が均一な溶液となる場合は溶解度100g/L以上である。
上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、有機溶剤(D2)としてエステル系有機溶剤又はケトン系有機溶剤を含有する場合、その含有量は、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)中に1~50質量%であることが好ましく、2~30質量%であることがより好ましい。
本発明において、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する有機溶剤(D2)が、下層防汚塗膜(X)及び下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が含有する有機防汚剤(C1)を可溶であることが好ましい。ここで、有機溶剤(D2)が、有機防汚剤(C1)を可溶であるとは、有機溶剤(D2)が2種以上の有機溶剤を含有する場合、(i)有機溶剤(D2)の中で、最も含有量(質量%)が多い有機溶剤に可溶である、又は(ii)2種以上の有機溶剤の混合液である、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する有機溶剤(D2)全体に対して可溶である、の少なくともいずれかを満たすことを意味する。なお、「可溶である」とは、上述の通り、23℃における溶解度が1g/L以上であることを意味し、10g/L以上であることが好ましく、100g/L以上であることがより好ましい。
また、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)中の有機溶剤(D1)の含有量は、好ましくは5~90質量%、より好ましくは10~70質量%である。
本発明において、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)は、上述した成分に加え、他の成分を含有していてもよい。
〔その他防汚剤(E)〕
本発明の塗料組成物は、形成する塗膜の防汚性を更に向上させる目的で、その他防汚剤(E)を更に含有してもよい。本発明においてその他防汚剤(E)は、前記有機防汚剤(C)以外の防汚剤であり、金属元素を含有する。また、有機防汚剤(C)及びその他防汚剤(E)を総称して、防汚剤ともいう。
前述の通り、本発明の積層防汚塗膜は、下層防汚塗膜(X)に由来する有機防汚剤(C1)の最適利用により優れた防汚性を発揮するが、特に上層防汚塗料組成物(y)がその他防汚剤(E)を含有することで、更にその防汚性能を向上させることができる。本発明はある一面において、高汚損環境に対応可能な防汚性能を得るために本来必要とされるこのような防汚剤を節減することができ、外部環境へのこのような防汚剤の放出を低減できるという効果を得られるものである。
また、下層塗料組成物(x)がその他防汚剤(E)を含有する場合、その塗膜に防汚性が必要とされる状況において塗膜に良好な防汚性が発揮させられる。
このうち、亜酸化銅の平均粒子径は、0.1~30μm程度のものが長期防汚性を発揮する上で好ましく、グリセリン、ステアリン酸、ラウリン酸、ショ糖、レシチン、鉱物油等によって表面処理されているものが、貯蔵時の長期安定性の点で好ましい。このような亜酸化銅の市販品としては、NC-301(エヌシー・テック(株)製)、NC-803(エヌシー・テック(株)製)、Red Copp97N Premium(AMERICAN CHEMET Co.製)、Purple Copp(AMERICAN CHEMET Co.製)、LoLoTint97(AMERICAN CHEMET Co.製)などが挙げられる。
本発明において、防汚塗料組成物がその他防汚剤(E)を含有する場合、その総含有量は用いる化合物の効果や入手容易性の観点から任意に選択することができるが、形成する積層防汚塗膜の防汚性、物性を良好とする観点や環境負荷を低減する観点から、各防汚塗料組成物の固形分中に0.1~90質量%であることが好ましい。
下層防汚塗料組成物(x)又は上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、それぞれ亜酸化銅又はロダン銅を含有する場合、その総含有量は、それぞれの塗料組成物の固形分中、好ましくは10~80質量%、より好ましくは30~70質量%である。
下層防汚塗料組成物(x)又は上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、それぞれ亜鉛ピリチオン又は銅ピリチオンを含有する場合、その総含有量は、それぞれの塗料組成物の固形分中、好ましくは0.5~30質量%、より好ましくは1~20質量%である。
本発明の塗料組成物は、塗膜への着色や下地の隠ぺいを目的として、また、適度な塗膜強度に調整することを目的として、防汚剤以外のその他顔料(F)を含有してもよい。
その他顔料(F)としては、例えば、酸化亜鉛、タルク、マイカ、クレー、カリ長石、炭酸カルシウム、カオリン、アルミナホワイト、ホワイトカーボン、水酸化アルミニウム、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸バリウム、硫酸バリウム、硫酸カルシウム、硫化亜鉛等の体質顔料や、弁柄(赤色酸化鉄)、チタン白(酸化チタン)、黄色酸化鉄、カーボンブラック、ナフトールレッド、フタロシアニンブルー等の着色顔料が挙げられ、中でも酸化亜鉛、タルクを含むことが好ましい。これらのその他顔料(F)は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明の塗料組成物がその他顔料(F)を含有する場合、その含有量は、形成される防汚塗膜に求められる隠ぺい性や、防汚塗料組成物の粘度によって好ましい量が決定されるが、塗料組成物の固形分中1~60質量%が好ましい。
本発明の塗料組成物は、モノカルボン酸化合物(G)を含有していてもよい。
本発明において、モノカルボン酸化合物(G)は、形成される塗膜の水中での表面からの更新性を向上させ、また、その塗膜が防汚剤を含む場合には、防汚剤の水中への放出を促進することで塗膜の防汚性を高めるものであり、更に塗膜に適度な耐水性を付与する機能も有する。
モノカルボン酸化合物(G)としては、例えば、モノカルボン酸化合物をR-COOHで表したとき、Rが炭素原子数10~40の飽和若しくは不飽和の脂肪族炭化水素基、又は炭素原子数3~40の飽和若しくは不飽和の脂環式炭化水素基、或いはこれらの置換体であることが好ましい。
また、アビエチン酸、パラストリン酸、イソピマル酸等を主成分とするロジン類も好ましい。ロジン類としてはガムロジン、ウッドロジン、トール油ロジン等のロジン、水添ロジン、不均化ロジン、ロジン金属塩等のロジン誘導体、パインタールなどが挙げられる。
また、トリメチルイソブテニルシクロヘキセンカルボン酸としては、例えば、2,6-ジメチルオクタ-2,4,6-トリエンとメタクリル酸との反応生成物が挙げられ、これは1,2,3-トリメチル-5-(2-メチルプロパ-1-エン-1-イル)シクロヘキサ-3-エン-1-カルボン酸、及び1,4,5-トリメチル-2-(2-メチルプロパ-1-エン-1-イル)シクロヘキサ-3-エン-1-カルボン酸を主成分(85質量%以上)とするものである。
本発明の塗料組成物がモノカルボン酸化合物(G)及び/又はその金属エステルを含有する場合、塗料組成物の塗装作業性や防汚塗膜の耐水性の観点から、その含有量は、塗料組成物の固形分中、好ましくは0.1~50質量%となる量であり、より好ましくは1~20質量%となる量である。
本発明の塗料組成物は、その貯蔵安定性を向上させる目的から、脱水剤(H)を含有してもよい。脱水剤(H)としては、無機系脱水剤として、合成ゼオライト、無水石膏(硫酸カルシウム)、半水石膏(別名:焼石膏)が例示され、有機系脱水剤として、テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、テトラブトキシシラン、テトラフェノキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、トリメチルエトキシシラン等のアルコキシシラン類又はその縮合物、オルト蟻酸メチル、オルト蟻酸エチル等のオルト蟻酸アルキルエステル類が例示される。脱水剤(H)は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明の塗料組成物が脱水剤(H)を含有する場合、その含有量は、塗料組成物の固形分中、好ましくは0.1~20質量%となる量であり、より好ましくは0.2~15質量%となる量である。
本発明の塗料組成物は、防汚塗膜に可塑性を付与することを目的として、可塑剤(I)を含有してもよい。
可塑剤(I)としては、例えば、トリクレジルホスフェート(TCP)、ジオクチルフタレート(DOP)、ジイソデシルフタレート(DIDP)等を挙げることができる。これらの可塑剤は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明の塗料組成物が可塑剤(I)を含有する場合、その含有量は、塗料組成物の固形分中、好ましくは0.1~10質量%となる量であり、より好ましくは0.5~10質量%となる量である。可塑剤(I)の含有量が前記範囲内にあると、塗膜の可塑性を良好に保つことができる。
本発明の塗料組成物は、塗料組成物の粘度を調整することを目的として、タレ止め剤・沈降防止剤(J)を含有してもよい。
タレ止め剤・沈降防止剤(J)としては、有機粘土系ワックス(Al、Ca、Znのステアレート塩、レシチン塩、アルキルスルホン酸塩等)、有機系ワックス(ポリエチレンワックス、酸化ポリエチレンワックス、アマイドワックス、ポリアマイドワックス、水添ヒマシ油ワックス等)、有機粘土系ワックスと有機系ワックスの混合物、合成微粉シリカ等が挙げられる。
タレ止め剤・沈降防止剤(J)としては市販品を用いてもよく、例えば、楠本化成(株)製の「ディスパロン305」、「ディスパロン4200-20」、「ディスパロンA630-20X」、「ディスパロン6900-20X」、伊藤製油(株)製の「A-S-A D-120」等が挙げられる。
本発明の塗料組成物がタレ止め剤・沈降防止剤(J)を含有する場合、その含有量は、塗料組成物の固形分中、好ましくは0.1~10質量%となる量であり、より好ましくは0.2~5質量%となる量である。
本発明の塗料組成物は、形成される防汚塗膜に耐水性、耐クラック性や強度を付与する目的から、バインダー成分(K)を含有してもよい。
バインダー成分(K)としては、例えば、塩素化パラフィン、n-パラフィン、ポリエステル系重合体、テルペンフェノール樹脂、石油樹脂類、ケトン樹脂等が挙げられる。中でも、塩素化パラフィン、ポリエステル系重合体、石油樹脂類が好ましい。
バインダー成分(K)は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、塩素化パラフィンは、一分子中、好ましくは8~30個、より好ましくは10~26個の平均炭素数を有している。このような塩素化パラフィンを含む防汚塗料組成物は、クラック(割れ)やハガレ等の少ない防汚塗膜を形成することができる。なお、上記平均炭素数が8未満では、塗膜においてクラックの発生を抑制する効果が不足することがある。
また、塩素化パラフィンの粘度(単位ポイズ、測定温度25℃)は、好ましくは1以上、より好ましくは1.2以上であり、その比重(25℃)は、好ましくは1.05~1.80g/cm3、より好ましくは1.10~1.70g/cm3である。
塩素化パラフィンの塩素化率(塩素含有量)は、塩素化パラフィンを100質量部とした場合、通常35~70質量部であり、好ましくは35~65質量部である。このような塩素化率を有する塩素化パラフィンを含む塗料組成物は、クラック(割れ)、ハガレ等の少ない塗膜を形成することができる。
上記多価アルコールとしては、例えば、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン、エチレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、トリメチロールプロパン(TMP)、ぺンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール;ジエチレングリコール等のポリアルキレングリコール;等が挙げられ、原料の入手容易さからプロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール、グリセリン、TMPが好ましい。これらの多価アルコールは2種以上のものを組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記多価カルボン酸及び/又はその無水物としては、例えば、マロン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、1,9-ノナメチレンジカルボン酸、1,10-デカメチレンジカルボン酸、1,11-ウンデカメチレンジカルボン酸、1,12-ドデカメチレンジカルボン酸、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、デカヒドロナフタレンジカルボン酸、テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、フタル酸、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、コハク酸等、及びこれらの無水物が挙げられ、無水フタル酸、アジピン酸、イソフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物が好ましい。
ポリエステル系重合体は、塗料組成物の貯蔵安定性、塗膜の防汚性や適度な親水性を付与する観点から、固形分水酸基価が50~150mgKOH/gであることが好ましく、80~120mgKOH/gであることがより好ましい。
ポリエステル系重合体は、溶剤に溶解させて、溶液(以下、ポリエステル系重合体溶液ともいう。)として用いてもよい。溶剤としては前述の有機溶剤(D2)として挙げたものを用いることができる。
ポリエステル系重合体溶液の粘度は、塗料組成物の粘度を低減する観点から、25℃において3,000mPa・s以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1,000mPa・s以下である。
なお、ポリエステル系重合体溶液は、未反応の原料が含まれていてもよい。
前記石油樹脂類としては、C5系、C9系、スチレン系、ジクロロペンタジエン系、及びこれらの水素添加物などが挙げられる。
本発明の塗料組成物がバインダー成分(K)を含有する場合、その含有量は塗料組成物の固形分中、好ましくは0.1~10質量%である。
本発明の塗料組成物、特に下層防汚塗料組成物(x)は、エポキシ樹脂(L)を含有していてもよい。
エポキシ樹脂(L)は、1分子中に2以上のエポキシ基を有し、硬化剤との反応により硬化させることができる反応硬化型樹脂である。
また、エポキシ樹脂(L)は、塩化ビニル系重合体が重合体(B1)として下層防汚塗料組成物(x)に含有される場合は、塩素捕捉による安定化剤としても機能する。
エポキシ樹脂(L)としては、ビスフェノール型、ノボラック型、脂肪族型などが挙げられ、施工性や防錆性の観点から好ましくはビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂である。
ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂としては、エポキシ当量が160~500のものが好ましく、180~500のものがより好ましい。
前記ビスフェノールAタイプのエポキシ樹脂としては、例えば、ビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノールAポリプロピレンオキシドジグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノールAエチレンオキシドジグリシジルエーテル、水添ビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル、水添ビスフェノールAプロピレンオキシドジグリシジルエーテル等のビスフェノールA型ジグリシジルエーテルなどが挙げられ、また、前記ビスフェノールFタイプのエポキシ樹脂としては、例えば、ビスフェノールFジグリシジルエーテル等のビスフェノールF型ジグリシジルエーテルが挙げられる。
本発明において、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)がエポキシ樹脂(L)を含有する場合、その含有量は、積層防汚塗膜の防汚性や防食性、硬化性、塗膜物性等を良好にする観点から、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)の固形分中、1~60質量%が好ましく、3~50質量%がより好ましい。
本発明において、下層防汚塗膜(X)が防汚性能を必要とされる場合には、その防汚性を良好とする観点からエポキシ樹脂(L)は実施的に含有しないことも好ましい。
本発明の上層防汚塗料組成物(y)もエポキシ樹脂(L)を含有していてもよいが、塗膜の防汚性、更新性の観点から実質的に含有しないことが好ましい。
本発明の塗料組成物、特に下層防汚塗料組成物(x)は、エポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)を含有していてもよく、塗料組成物が前記エポキシ樹脂(L)を含有する場合はエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)を含有することが好ましい。
塗料組成物が、前記エポキシ樹脂(L)とエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)の両方を含有すると、エポキシ樹脂(L)とエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)が硬化反応して形成する塗膜に良好な塗膜物性と基材との密着性を付与することができる。
塗料組成物がエポキシ樹脂(L)とエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)の両方を含有する場合、塗料組成物はそれらを互いに異なるコンポーネントに含有する多液型のキットとして調製することが好ましく、塗料組成物を使用する直前に混合してから使用することが好ましい。
前記脂肪族系アミンとしては、ジエチレントリアミン、ジプロピレントリアミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、ビス(シアノエチル)ジエチレントリアミン、ビスヘキサメチレントリアミン、m-キシリレンジアミン(MXDA)等が挙げられる。
前記脂環族系アミンとしては、4-シクロヘキサンジアミン、4,4’-メチレンビスシクロヘキシルアミン、ノルボルナンジアミン(NBDA/2,5-及び2,6-ビス(アミノメチル)-ビシクロ[2,2,1]ヘプタン)、イソホロンジアミン(IPDA/3-アミノメチル-3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルアミン)等が挙げられる。
前記芳香族系アミンとしては、フェニレンジアミン、4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン等が挙げられる。
前記複素環系アミンとしては、N-メチルピペラジン等が挙げられる。
前記アミンの変性物としては、上記のようなアミンのポリアミド及びその変性物、エポキシ化合物を付加させたエポキシアダクト体、マンニッヒ変性体等が挙げられ、塗料組成物の硬化性の観点からエポキシアダクト体が好ましく、防食性、密着性の点でポリアミド及びその変性物が好ましい。
アミン系硬化剤としては、具体的には、ポリアミドとして、DIC(株)製「ラッカマイド N-153」、「ラッカマイド TD-966」、三和化学工業(株)製「サンマイド315」等が挙げられ、ポリアミドの変性物として、ポリアミドにエポキシ化合物を付加してなるエポキシアダクト体である大竹明新化学(株)製「PA-23」、変性ポリアミドのマンニッヒ変性体である(株)ADEKA製「アデカハードナーEH-350」等が挙げられる。
塗料組成物がエポキシ樹脂(L)及びエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)を含有し、エポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)としてアミン系硬化剤が用いられる場合、エポキシ樹脂(L)に対して、エポキシ成分とアミン成分の当量比(エポキシ当量:活性水素当量)が、好ましくは1:0.25~1:0.9、より好ましくは1:0.3~1:0.8となるような量で用いることが好ましい。このような量でエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)を用いると、乾燥性、防食性、及び上層適合性に優れた塗膜を得られる傾向がある。換言すれば、本発明では、これらのエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)は、塗料組成物中のエポキシ樹脂100質量部に対して、好ましくは10~80質量部、より好ましくは20~70質量部の量で用いられる。
本発明の上層防汚塗料組成物(y)もエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)を含有していてもよいが、塗膜の防汚性の観点から実質的に含有しないことが好ましい。
本発明の塗料組成物、特に下層防汚塗料組成物(x)は、エポキシ樹脂用硬化促進剤(N)を含有していてもよく、塗料組成物が前記エポキシ樹脂(L)及びエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)を含有する場合は、エポキシ樹脂用硬化促進剤(N)を含有すると、塗膜が低温においても良好な硬化性を示す点から好ましい。
エポキシ樹脂用硬化促進剤(N)としては、トリ(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノール(TAP)、ジアザビシクロウンデセン(DBU)、ジアザビシクロノネン(DBN)等の三級アミン化合物;2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール等のイミダゾール化合物;ホスフィン及びホスホニウム塩化合物等の化合物が挙げられ、中でも反応促進性や入手容易性の観点から三級アミン化合物が好ましく、TAPがより好ましい。
塗料組成物が、前記エポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)及びエポキシ樹脂用硬化促進剤(N)を含有する場合、エポキシ樹脂用硬化促進剤(N)は、エポキシ樹脂用硬化剤(M)100質量%に対して1~10質量%となる量で含有されることが、塗料組成物の硬化性及び塗装作業性の観点で好ましい。
本発明の上層防汚塗料組成物(y)もエポキシ樹脂用硬化促進剤(N)を含有していてもよいが、塗膜の防汚性等の観点から実質的に含有しないことが好ましい。
本発明の下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)は、それぞれ公知の一般的な塗料と同様の装置、手段等を用いて調製することができる。
具体的には、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)であれば、加水分解性重合体(A2)を調製した後、この加水分解性重合体(A2)の溶液及び有機溶剤(D2)、並びに必要に応じてその他の添加成分を、一度に、又は順次に添加して、撹拌、混合して製造することができる。
本発明において、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)は、以下(i)~(viii)のいずれの態様であってもよい。また、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)又は上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、加水分解性重合体(A)として、シリルエステル基含有単量体に由来する構成単位を有する加水分解性重合体及び金属エステル基含有単量体に由来する構成単位を有する加水分解性重合体の双方を含有していてもよい。
(i)下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有しない。
(ii)下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、加水分解性重合体(A)を含有し、該加水分解性重合体(A)が、共に、シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)に由来する構成単位を有する。
(iii)下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、加水分解性重合体(A)を含有し、該加水分解性重合体(A)が、共に、金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)に由来する構成単位を有する。
(iv)下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有し、該加水分解性重合体(A1)が、シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)に由来する構成単位を有し、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する加水分解性重合体(A2)が、金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)に由来する構成単位を有する。
(v)下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有し、該加水分解性重合体(A1)が、金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)に由来する構成単位を有し、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する加水分解性重合体(A2)が、シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)に由来する構成単位を有する。
(vi)下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、有機防汚剤(C1)として、4-ブロモ-2-(4-クロロフェニル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピロール-3-カルボニトリルを含有し、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する加水分解性重合体(A2)が、金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)に由来する構成単位を有する。
(vii)下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、有機防汚剤(C1)として、4,5-ジクロロ-2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オンを含有し、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する加水分解性重合体(A2)が、金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)に由来する構成単位を有する。
(viii)下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、有機防汚剤(C1)として、4,5-ジクロロ-2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オンを含有し、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が含有する加水分解性重合体(A2)が、シリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)に由来する構成単位を有する。
積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法は、基材上に、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)を塗布し、下層防汚塗膜(X)を形成する工程、及び下層防汚塗膜(X)上に、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を塗布し、上層防汚塗膜(Y)を形成する工程を有する。
前記下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)として、上述した下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を用いる。
塗布された下層防汚塗料組成物(x)を乾燥及び/又は硬化させて下層防汚塗膜(X)を形成する。前述の方法により塗布した下層防汚塗料組成物(x)は、例えば、25℃の条件下、好ましくは1時間~14日間程度、より好ましくは1~7日間程度放置することにより乾燥及び/又は硬化し、下層防汚塗膜(X)を得ることができる。なお、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)の乾燥及び/又は硬化にあたっては、加熱下で送風しながら行ってもよい。
上記の厚さの下層防汚塗膜(X)を製造する方法としては、前記下層防汚塗料組成物(x)を1回の塗布あたり、好ましくは10~300μmの厚さで、1回~複数回塗布する方法が挙げられる。また、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)を複数回塗布して下層防汚塗膜(X)を形成する場合、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)として組成の異なる2以上のものを積層してもよい。
上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を塗布する方法に特に制限はなく、前述の下層防汚塗料組成物(x)を塗布する方法と同様の方法により塗布することができ、塗布された上層防汚塗料組成物(y)は、乾燥させることにより上層防汚塗膜(Y)を形成することができる。上層防汚塗料組成物(y)の乾燥条件に特に制限はないが、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)の塗布からその使用前までに、0℃を上回る期間を有する条件での乾燥が好ましく、同じく10℃を上回る期間を有する条件での乾燥がより好ましい。このような乾燥条件であれば、積層防汚塗膜が良好な外観、物性、及び防汚性を発揮することができる。
上層防汚塗料組成物(y)の乾燥は、例えば、平均気温25℃の条件下で、通常1時間~14日、好ましくは1~7日間程度をかけて行い、乾燥時に加熱や、送風を行いながら行ってもよい。
本発明の積層防汚塗膜は、船舶、漁業、海洋構造物等の広範な産業分野において、基材の防汚性を長期間にわたって維持するために利用することができる。そのような基材としては、例えば、船舶(コンテナ船、タンカー等の大型鋼鉄船、漁船、FRP船、木船、ヨット等の船体外板。新造船又は修繕船等)、漁業資材(ロープ、漁網、漁具、浮き子、ブイ等)、メガフロート等の海洋構造物等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、基材は、船舶、水中構造物、及び漁具よりなる群から選択されることが好ましく、船舶及び水中構造物よりなる群から選択されることがより好ましく、船舶であることが更に好ましい。
本発明の防汚方法は、上述した積層防汚塗膜を使用するものであり、種々の基材に対して、本発明の積層防汚塗膜を設けることで、防汚する方法である。
また、本発明の積層防汚塗膜形成用塗料キットは、上述した下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を少なくとも含む。なお、本発明の積層防汚塗膜形成用塗料キットは、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)に加え、プライマー層形成用の塗料組成物等を組み合わせた3以上の塗料組成物からなるキットであってもよい。
更に本発明の上層防汚塗料組成物は、上述した上層防汚塗料組成物(y)であり、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)により形成された下層防汚塗膜(X)上に形成される上層防汚塗膜(Y)の形成に好適に使用される。
なお、実施例において用いる各成分の「固形分」とは、各成分に溶剤として含まれる揮発成分を除いた成分を指し、各成分を125℃の熱風乾燥機中で1時間乾燥させて得られたものである。
<製造例1:加水分解性重合体溶液(A-1)の製造>
撹拌機、コンデンサー、温度計、滴下装置、窒素導入管、及び加熱冷却ジャケットを備えた反応容器にキシレン43質量部、トリイソプロピルシリルメタクリレート10質量部、KF-2001(信越化学工業(株)製)2質量部を仕込み、窒素気流下で80±5℃の温度条件下にて加熱撹拌を行った。同温度を保持しつつ滴下装置より、前記反応容器内にトリイソプロピルシリルメタクリレート50質量部、KF-2001(信越化学工業(株)製)8質量部、2-メトキシエチルメタクリレート25質量部、メチルメタクリレート5質量部、及び2,2'-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)2.0質量部からなる混合物を2時間かけて滴下した。その後、同温度で2時間撹拌を行った後、AIBNを更に0.4質量部を加え、3時間かけて105℃まで昇温を行い、キシレン24質量部を加えて、無色透明の加水分解性重合体溶液(A-1)を得た。
使用された単量体混合物の構成、及び加水分解性重合体溶液(A-1)の特性値を表1に示す。
製造例1において使用された単量体混合物の仕込み比及び滴下時に用いる重合開始剤の種類及び量、及び仕込み順序を適宜調整した以外は、製造例1と同様にして、加水分解性重合体溶液(A-2)~(A-4)を調製した。
使用された単量体混合物の構成、並びに後述の方法により測定した加水分解性重合体溶液(A-2)~(A-4)及びこれらに含まれる重合体の特性値を表1に示す。
*1 KF-2001:信越化学工業(株)製、側鎖メルカプトアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、官能基当量=1,900g/mol
*2 FM-0711:JNC(株)製、片末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、数平均分子量Mn=1,000
(重合体溶液の粘度)
重合体溶液の25℃における粘度は、E型粘度計(東機産業(株)製)により測定した。
重合体の数平均分子量(Mn)、重量平均分子量(Mw)を下記条件でGPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)を用いて測定した。
GPC条件
装置:「HLC-8120GPC」(東ソー(株)製)
カラム:「SuperH2000+H4000」(東ソー(株)製、6mm(内径)、各15cm(長さ))
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流速:0.500ml/min
検出器:RI
カラム恒温槽温度:40℃
標準物質:ポリスチレン
サンプル調製法:各製造例で調製された重合体溶液に少量の塩化カルシウムを加えて
脱水した後、メンブレムフィルターで濾過して得られた濾物をGPC測定サンプルとした。
〔製造例M1:金属エステル基含有単量体混合物(a12-1)の製造〕
冷却器、温度計、滴下ロート及び撹拌機を備えた四つ口フラスコに、PGM(プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル)85.4部及び酸化亜鉛40.7部を仕込み、撹拌しながら75℃に昇温した。続いて、滴下ロートからメタクリル酸43.1部、アクリル酸36.1部、水5部からなる混合物を3時間で等速滴下した。更に、2時間撹拌した後、PGMを36部添加して、透明な金属エステル基含有単量体混合物(a12-1)を得た。固形分は44.8質量%であった。
冷却器、温度計、滴下ロート、及び撹拌機を備えた四つ口フラスコに、キシレン60部、PGM13部、及び酸化亜鉛40.7部を仕込み、撹拌しながら75℃に昇温した。続いて、滴下ロートからメタクリル酸32.3部、アクリル酸27部、オレイン酸37.7部、酢酸2.3部、プロピオン酸5.8部からなる混合物を3時間で等速滴下した。更に2時間撹拌した後、キシレン77部、PGM46部を添加して、金属エステル基含有単量体混合物(a12-2)を得た。固形分は39.6%であった。
冷却器、温度計、滴下ロート、及び撹拌機を備えた四つ口フラスコに、PGM15部、キシレン65部、及びエチルアクリレート4部を仕込み、撹拌しながら100℃に昇温した。続いて、滴下ロートからメチルメタクリレート32.3部、エチルアクリレート13.9部、FM-0711(商品名、JNC(株)製)40部、製造例M1記載の金属エステル基含有単量体混合物(a12-1)21.7部、キシレン10部、連鎖移動剤(日本油脂(株)製、ノフマーMSD(商品名)、α-メチルスチレンダイマー)1.2部、AIBN2.5部、2,2’-アゾビス(2-メチルブチロニトリル)(AMBN)0.8部からなる透明な混合物を6時間で等速滴下した。滴下終了後にt-ブチルパーオクトエート0.5部とキシレン10部を30分で滴下し、更に1時間30分撹拌した後キシレンを10.1部添加して、淡黄色透明の加水分解性重合体溶液(A-5)を得た。
冷却器、温度計、滴下ロート、及び撹拌機を備えた四つ口フラスコに、PGM15部、キシレン65部、及びエチルアクリレート4部を仕込み、撹拌しながら100℃に昇温した。続いて、滴下ロートからメチルメタクリレート32.3部、エチルアクリレート43.9部、FM-0721(商品名、JNC(株)製)10部、製造例M1記載の金属エステル基含有単量体混合物(a12-1)21.7部、キシレン10部、連鎖移動剤(日本油脂(株)製、ノフマーMSD(商品名)、α-メチルスチレンダイマー)1.2部、AIBN2.5部、AMBN3部からなる透明な混合物を6時間で等速滴下した。滴下終了後にt-ブチルパーオクトエート0.5部とキシレン10部を30分で滴下し、更に1時間30分撹拌した後、キシレンを10.1部添加して、淡黄色透明の加水分解性重合体溶液(A-6)を得た。
撹拌機、コンデンサー、温度計、滴下装置、窒素導入管、及び加熱冷却ジャケットを備えた反応容器に、PGM10.0部、キシレン63.0部、及びエチルアクリレート3.0部を仕込み、撹拌しながら100±5℃に昇温した。同温度を保持しつつ滴下装置より、前記反応容器内に前記調製例M2で得た金属エステル基含有単量体混合物(a12-2)50.3部、メチルメタクリレート9.0部、エチルアクリレート58.0部、重合開始剤AMBN5.0部及びPGM10.0部からなる混合物を4時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後に重合開始剤t-ブチルパーオクトエート0.5部とキシレン7.0部とを30分かけて滴下し、更に1時間30分撹拌した後、キシレンを12.0部添加して、淡黄色透明の加水分解性重合体溶液(A-7)を調製した。
撹拌機、コンデンサー、温度計、滴下装置、窒素導入管、及び加熱冷却ジャケットを備えた反応容器に、PGM15.0部、キシレン60.0部、及びエチルアクリレート4.0部を仕込み、撹拌しながら100±5℃に昇温した。同温度を保持しつつ滴下装置より、前記反応容器内に前記調製例M1で得た金属エステル基含有単量体混合物(a12-1)40.2部、メチルメタクリレート15.0部、エチルアクリレート48.0部、n-ブチルアクリレート15.0部、重合開始剤AIBN2.5部、重合開始剤AMBN6.5部、連鎖移動剤「ノフマーMSD」1.2部、及びキシレン10.0部からなる混合物を6時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後に重合開始剤t-ブチルパーオクトエート0.5部とキシレン7.0部とを30分かけて滴下し、更に1時間30分撹拌した後、キシレンを8.0部添加して、淡黄色透明の加水分解性重合体溶液(A-8)を調製した。
加水分解性重合体溶液(A-5)~(A-8)の単量体成分の構成、及び加水分解性重合体溶液(A-5)~(A-8)の特性値を表2にまとめて示す。なお、粘度、数平均分子量、重量平均分子量は、加水分解性重合体溶液(A-1)と同様にして測定し、亜鉛含有量(質量%)は、原子吸光分光光度計((株)島津製作所製、AA6800(商品名))により測定した。
*2 FM-0711:JNC(株)製、片末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、数平均分子量Mn=1,000
*3 FM-0721:JNC(株)製、片末端メタクリロイルオキシアルキル変性オルガノポリシロキサン、数平均分子量Mn=5,000
・配合成分
下層防汚塗料組成物(x)、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)に用いた各配合成分を表3に示す。
また、使用した重合体(B)は、いずれも、実施例に記載した比率の有機溶剤混合液に可溶であり、その溶解度は100g/L以上である。
表4及び表5に記載された配合(質量部)で、各配合成分を混合撹拌し下層防汚塗料組成物(x)及び上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を得た。なお、表4及び表5に記載された各成分の配合量は、有姿での配合量を示している。例えば、上塗り防汚塗料組成物(y-1)において、脂肪酸アマイドワックスの有姿での(全体としての)配合量は2.0質量部であり、固形分20%であるので、そのうちの有効成分である脂肪酸アマイドワックス自身の配合量は、0.4質量部である。
また、シリコーン系塗料組成物(商品名「CMPバイオクリンHB」、中国塗料(株)製、加水分解性重合体(A)及び有機防汚剤(B)を含有しない)を、上層防汚塗料組成物(y-12)とし、その100質量部に対して、トラロピリル3質量部、2-ヘプタノン10質量部を混合して得た塗料組成物を、下層防汚塗料組成物(x-20)とした。
<積層防汚塗膜の製造>
サンドブラスト処理鋼板(縦300mm×横100mm×厚み3.2mm)に、エポキシ樹脂系防錆塗料組成物(商品名「バンノー500」、中国塗料(株)製)を、その乾燥膜厚が約100μmとなるように塗布した。続いて、表6、表7及び表8に示す組合せにて、前記表4に従って製造した下層防汚塗料組成物(x)を、その乾燥膜厚が約100μmとなるように1回塗布し、その上に前記表5に従って製造した上層防汚塗料組成物(y)をその乾燥膜厚が約200μmとなるように1回塗布した後、25℃条件下で7日間乾燥させて、積層防汚塗膜付き試験板を作製した。なお、前記3回の塗装は1日当たり1回のペース、すなわち、塗り重ねる場合は、下層塗膜に当たる塗料組成物を塗装した後、25℃条件下で少なくとも24時間乾燥させ、その塗膜上に上層塗膜に当たる塗料組成物を塗装した。
〔外観〕
実施例1~30及び比較例1~19で得られた積層防汚塗膜の外観を目視で評価したところ、いずれも外観の異常等の不具合がなく、良好であった。
前述のようにして作製した実施例1~23及び比較例1~13の試験板を、広島県宮島沖にて、水面下約0.5メートルの位置で、試験面が水面に対して水平であり海底面と向かい合う向きで浸漬した。3ヶ月間静置浸漬し、積層防汚塗膜のフジツボが占有している部分の面積(フジツボ占有面積)を測定し、下記〔フジツボ占有面積による防汚性評価基準〕に従って、積層防汚塗膜の防汚性(耐フジツボ性)を評価した。その結果を、表6及び表7に示した。
(フジツボ占有面積による防汚性評価基準)
5:試験面におけるフジツボ占有面積が全体の1%未満
4:同上面積が全体の1%以上10%未満
3:同上面積が全体の10%以上30%未満
2:同上面積が全体の30%以上70%未満
1:同上面積が全体の70%以上
前述のようにして作製した実施例24~30及び比較例14~19の試験板を、広島湾内にて、水面下約0.5メートルの位置で、試験面の表面が約15ノットとなる速度で回転する円筒に取り付け、日光暴露条件下で浸漬した。本条件での浸漬を開始してから6ヵ月後に防汚塗膜上のスライム占有面積を測定し、下記〔スライム占有面積による防汚性評価基準〕に従って、積層防汚塗膜の防汚性(耐スライム性)を評価した。その結果を表8に示した。本条件では、浸漬海域・条件の特性から特にスライム及び植物性海生生物による汚損が発生しやすい。
(スライム占有面積による防汚性評価基準)
5:試験面においてスライムに占有されている合計面積が全体の1%未満
4:同上面積が全体の1%以上10%未満
3:同上面積が全体の10%以上30%未満
2:同上面積が全体の30%以上70%未満
1:同上面積が全体の70%以上
前述のようにして作製した試験板を50℃の海水に1か月浸漬後、ナイフカットテストを実施して、以下の基準に従って、層間密着性を評価した。
(層間密着性評価基準)
5:カット部付近において層間剥離が認められない
4:層間剥離が起こる範囲が、カット部から1mm未満である
3:層間剥離が起こる範囲が、カット部から1mm以上3mm未満である
2:層間剥離が起こる範囲が、カット部から3mm以上10mm未満である
1:層間剥離が起こる範囲が、カット部から10mm以上である
表6~表8にその結果を示す。
Claims (18)
- 下層防汚塗膜(X)と、上層防汚塗膜(Y)とが積層されてなる積層防汚塗膜であり、
前記下層防汚塗膜(X)は、重合体(B1)と有機防汚剤(C1)とを含有し、
前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、
前記上層防汚塗膜(Y)は、加水分解性重合体(A2)を含有する
積層防汚塗膜。 - 前記下層防汚塗膜(X)が、更に加水分解性重合体(A1)を含有する、請求項1に記載の積層防汚塗膜。
- 前記下層防汚塗膜(X)に占める、前記重合体(B1)及び前記加水分解性重合体(A1)の総量が1~90質量%である、請求項1又は2に記載の積層防汚塗膜。
- 前記加水分解性重合体(A1)及び/又は加水分解性重合体(A2)がシリルエステル基含有単量体(a11)に由来する構成単位を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の積層防汚塗膜。
- 前記加水分解性重合体(A1)及び/又は加水分解性重合体(A2)が金属エステル基含有単量体(a12)に由来する構成単位を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の積層防汚塗膜。
- 前記下層防汚塗膜(X)が前記有機防汚剤(C1)として、4-ブロモ-2-(4-クロロフェニル)-5-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピロール-3-カルボニトリル及び4,5-ジクロロ-2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オンから選ばれる少なくとも1つを含有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の積層防汚塗膜。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の積層防汚塗膜で被覆された積層防汚塗膜付き基材。
- 前記基材が水中構造物、船舶、又は漁具である、請求項9に記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の積層防汚塗膜を使用する、防汚方法。
- 基材上に、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)を塗布し、下層防汚塗膜(X)を形成する工程、及び
下層防汚塗膜(X)上に、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を塗布し、上層防汚塗膜(Y)を形成する工程を有し、
前記下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が、重合体(B1)と有機防汚剤(C1)とを含有し、前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、
前記上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、加水分解性重合体(A2)及び有機溶剤(D2)を含有する
積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。 - 前記有機溶剤(D2)が、前記下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が含有する重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)を可溶である、請求項12に記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶剤(D2)が、炭化水素系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、及びエステル系溶剤よりなる群から選択される1種以上を含有する、請求項12又は13に記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。
- 前記上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が有機防汚剤(C2)を含有し、上層防汚塗料組成物(y)中の有機防汚剤(C2)の含有量(質量%)が、下層防汚塗料組成物(x)中の有機防汚剤(C1)の含有量(質量%)よりも低い、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。
- 前記上層防汚塗料組成物(y)が、有機防汚剤(C2)を実質的に含有しない、請求項12~15のいずれか一項に記載の積層防汚塗膜付き基材の製造方法。
- 重合体(B1)と有機防汚剤(C1)とを含有する下層防汚塗料組成物(x)、及び
加水分解性重合体(A2)と有機溶剤(D2)とを含有する上層防汚塗料組成物(y)を含む積層防汚塗膜形成用塗料キットであり、
前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、
前記下層防汚塗料組成物(x)が含有する重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)が、前記有機溶剤(D2)に可溶である
積層防汚塗膜形成用塗料キット。 - 重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)を含有する下層防汚塗膜(X)の表面に塗装される上層防汚塗料組成物であり、前記重合体(B1)は、不飽和二重結合を有する単量体に由来する構成単位を有する重合体であり、前記上層防汚塗料組成物が加水分解性重合体(A2)及び有機溶剤(D2)を含有し、
前記有機溶剤(D2)が、下層防汚塗膜(X)が含有する重合体(B1)及び有機防汚剤(C1)を可溶である
上層防汚塗料組成物。
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