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WO2018202691A1 - Procédé de conduite d'un processus de biolixiviation de chalcopyrite - Google Patents

Procédé de conduite d'un processus de biolixiviation de chalcopyrite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018202691A1
WO2018202691A1 PCT/EP2018/061175 EP2018061175W WO2018202691A1 WO 2018202691 A1 WO2018202691 A1 WO 2018202691A1 EP 2018061175 W EP2018061175 W EP 2018061175W WO 2018202691 A1 WO2018202691 A1 WO 2018202691A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microorganisms
chalcopyrite
acidithiobacillus
sulfobacillus
redox potential
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/061175
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Nygren
Mark DOPSON
Paul WILMES
Malte HEROLD
Igor PIVKIN
Antoine BUETTI-DINH
Olga ILIE
Ansgar POETSCH
Sören BELLENBERG
Wolfgang SAND
Mario Vera VÉLIZ
Stephan CHRISTEL
Original Assignee
Linnaeus University
Tataa Biocenter Ab
Mark DOPSON
Stephan CHRISTEL
University Of Luxembourg
Universitá Della Svizzera Italiana
Ruhr University Bochum
Universität Duisburg-Essen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linnaeus University, Tataa Biocenter Ab, Mark DOPSON, Stephan CHRISTEL, University Of Luxembourg, Universitá Della Svizzera Italiana, Ruhr University Bochum, Universität Duisburg-Essen filed Critical Linnaeus University
Publication of WO2018202691A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018202691A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
    • C22B15/0067—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
    • C22B15/0067—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
    • C22B15/0071—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof containing sulfur
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for performing a bioleaching process of chalcopyrite.
  • Bioleaching of chalcopyrite is a process where copper is extracted from chalcopyrite, CuFeS2, with the help of bacteria.
  • the role of the bacteria is to oxidize iron(ll) ions into iron(lll) ions which are needed for the degradation of chalcopyrite.
  • crushed chalcopyrite ore is put into heaps and provided with an acidic solution containing iron(ll) oxidizing bacteria.
  • the hydrogen ions of the acid together with iron(lll) ions react with the
  • the solution becomes rich with copper as it flows down through the heap.
  • the copper rich solution is retrieved at the bottom of the heap and pure copper can then be extracted from the solution.
  • the chalcopyrite is most commonly provided with an acidic solution containing iron(ll) oxidizing bacteria.
  • the chalcopyrite is degraded by reacting with iron(lll) ions and hydrogen ions, releasing copper ions into the solution.
  • Iron(ll) ions are also released into the solution by the degraded chalcopyrite.
  • the degradation reaction uses or consumes iron(lll) ions, which are reduced into iron(ll) ions, and hydrogen ions, which form a compound with the sulfur containing part of the degraded chalcopyrite.
  • the hydrogen ions are regenerated in a subsequent reaction of the remaining sulfur containing compound.
  • the iron(lll) ions are not regenerated by a subsequent reaction but are instead provided by said bacteria.
  • iron(lll) ions By providing iron(lll) ions, enzymes produced by the bacteria function as catalysts to the degradation reaction of chalcopyrite, and thereby the copper extraction.
  • iron(lll) ions By generating iron(lll) ions the redox potential of the system increases.
  • a higher iron(lll) ion concentration has the effect of increasing the rate of chalcopyrite degradation and is commonly considered beneficial for the copper release. It therefore seems desirable to generate as much iron(lll) ions as possible, thereby increasing the redox potential and the reaction rate.
  • consequences of a high redox potential have other effects as well, one being the hindered dissolution of the chalcopyrite. At high redox potentials the dissolution of chalcopyrite will become hindered, decreasing its reactivity.
  • a method for performing a bioleaching process of chalcopyrite comprises the steps of providing chalcopyrite containing material and providing microorganisms.
  • the chalcopyrite containing material and microorganisms are allowed to react to provide copper ions.
  • the copper ions may then be retrieved, thereafter the obtained material(s) may be processed further.
  • the microorganisms oxidize iron(ll) at a rate such that the redox potential does not rise above 550 mV, relative to a AgVAgCI electrode with 3 M KCI electrolyte. All redox potentials mentioned in this application are measured relative to this type of electrode.
  • the method comprises the steps of adding the microorganisms to the chalcopyrite containing material and allowing a reaction at a redox potential of at most 550 mV, relative to a AgVAgCI electrode.
  • the microorganisms make sure that the redox potential is kept at a value of at most 550 mV, relative to a AgVAgCI electrode, at or below which the rate of chalcopyrite degradation has been found the highest.
  • the microorganisms oxidize iron(ll) at a rate such that the redox potential rises to at least 400 mV relative to a AgVAgCI electrode.
  • a combination of the above embodiments has the advantage of making sure that the redox potential will be between 400 mV and 550 mV relative to a AgVAgCI electrode, between which potentials the rate of chalcopyrite degradation has been found the highest.
  • the microorganisms are able to oxidize sulfur at a rate such that sulfuric acid is regenerated from the degraded chalcopyrite, at redox potentials between 400 mV and 550 mV relative to a AgVAgCI electrode. This will enable and ensure a continuous provision of the hydrogen ions needed for the degradation of chalcopyrite and that the degradation of chalcopyrite will not be limited by the concentration of hydrogen ions.
  • the microorganisms are bacteria and/or archaea.
  • the microorganisms are provided in a solution.
  • microorganisms there is provided between 10 6 to 10 8 microorganisms per ml of microorganism containing solution.
  • an acidic solution is provided to the chalcopyrite.
  • the acidic solution has a pH between 0.5 and 5, preferably between 1 .5 and 3, most preferably between 2 and 3.
  • the acidic solution comprises at least one inorganic acid, preferably selected from the group consisting of HCI, H 2 SO , H 3 PO 4 and HNO 3 , preferably H 2 SO 4 .
  • the microorganisms are bacteria selected from the group consisting of Acidithiobacillus,
  • the bacteria are preferably selected from the group consisting of
  • Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans Acidithiobacillus caldus, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferridurans, Acidithiobacillus ferriphilus, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Ferrithrix thermotolerans, Sulfobacillus acidophilus, Sulfobacillus sibiricus, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans and Sulfobacillus thermotolerans, and any combination thereof.
  • the method is performed during the initiation of the bioleaching process.
  • Figure 1 shows the copper ion concentration over time for different degradation processes.
  • Figure 2 shows the redox potential over time for different degradation processes.
  • a chalcopyrite containing material is provided. This material may contain more than chalcopyrite but the higher the content thereof then the more copper is obtainable from the process.
  • Microorganisms are also provided, which are able to oxidize iron(ll) at a rate such that the redox potential does not rise above 550 mV relative to a AgVAgCI electrode.
  • the microorganisms are added to the chalcopyrite. Reaction between the microorganisms and chalcopyrite containing material is allowed at a redox potential of at most 550 mV relative to an AgVAgCI electrode.
  • the method may be performed as an initiation of a bioleaching process, or to improve an already ongoing bioleaching process.
  • initiation may herein mean the period of time between the start of a bioleaching process and the point of time when extraction of copper has been achieved, preferably when the maximum extraction rate of copper has been achieved.
  • the present method may be performed to the point of time when all copper has been recovered.
  • the present method may be performed as an initial start of the bioleaching of the chalcopyrite containing material. However, it may also be possible to apply the present method to chalcopyrite containing material already being treated or that has been treated.
  • the chalcopyrite containing material can be provided in many ways. For example, it could be crushed and/or ground chalcopyrite, e.g. with the particles being about 1 to 2 cm in size. It could be run-of-mine chalcopyrite which is provided.
  • the chalcopyrite may be collected into a heap.
  • the heap may have a height of several meters, for instance between 6 and 10 meters high, and a width and length of several kilometers, for instance 5 km wide and 10 km long.
  • the heap may also be more than a 100 meters high.
  • the chalcopyrite could of course also be provided in a small amount, such as a few grams.
  • the chalcopyrite may also be finely ground, with sizes of the particles being 1 mm or less in size.
  • the microorganisms may be provided in a solution.
  • the solution may comprise nutrients which are suitable for the microorganisms but it does not have to.
  • the microorganisms could instead just feed of the chalcopyrite containing material and/or the surroundings.
  • the microorganisms are able to oxidize iron(ll) into iron(lll).
  • the microorganisms are able to oxidize iron(ll) such that the redox potential does not rise above 550 mV, relative to a AgVAgCI electrode. It is also possible to use microorganisms which are able to oxidize iron(ll) such that the redox potential is at most 530 mV, relative to a AgVAgCI electrode.
  • the microorganisms are also able to oxidize the iron(ll) such that the redox potential is at least 400 mV, relative to a AgVAgCI electrode.
  • the microorganisms may oxidize iron(ll) such that the redox potential is about 400-550mV, such as 400-530 mV, 400-500vV or 400-450mV.
  • the adding of the microorganisms to the chalcopyrite can be done by providing the microorganisms in a solution and then providing this solution to the chalcopyrite containing material, for example by pouring it onto the chalcopyrite. Instead of pouring the solution onto the chalcopyrite it is possible to mix it together with the chalcopyrite.
  • the microorganisms may also be mixed together with the chalcopyrite even if the microorganisms are not provided in a solution. If collecting the chalcopyrite into a heap, it may be possible to continuously or intermittently add microorganisms to the heap as the heap is being constructed.
  • microorganisms on top of the heap, letting them migrate into the heap, by for example pouring a liquid onto the microorganism covered heap or by letting the microorganisms grow into the heap.
  • the microorganism containing solution would preferably contain between 10 6 to 10 8 microorganisms per ml.
  • the reaction which may be allowed at a redox potential between 400 mV and 550 mV relative to an AgVAgCI electrode is preferably the
  • Another reaction which may be allowed may be the oxidization of iron(ll) ions into iron(lll) ions. Or it could be one of the reactions which turn sulfur into sulfuric acid. It may be more than just one reaction being performed, e.g. several different reactions being allowed simultaneously. Any reaction which is allowed could also be allowed between a redox potential of 400 mV and an upper limit such as 530 mV, 500 mV or 450 mV, relative to a AgVAgCI electrode. The allowed reaction for these ranges may be the same as described above for a redox potential between 400 mV and 550 mV relative to an AgVAgCI electrode.
  • the microorganisms could also be able to oxidize sulfur at a rate such that the acid consumed in the degradation of chalcopyrite is regenerated as sulfuric acid from the degraded chalcopyrite.
  • the oxidation of sulfur may be allowed at redox potentials between 400 mV and 550 mV relative to a AgVAgCI electrode.
  • the oxidation of sulfur could also be allowed from 400mV to an upper limit such as 530 mV, 500 mV or 450 mV, relative to a AgVAgCI electrode.
  • any type of microorganisms can be used, as long as it oxidizes iron(ll) at a rate such that the redox potential does not rise above 550 mV. In other embodiments of the invention any microorganism can be used as long as it oxidizes iron(ll) at a rate such that the redox potential is at most 530 mV, 500 mv or 450 mV, relative to a AgVAgCI electrode.
  • One type of microorganisms which may be used is bacteria. Another type which can be used is archaea.
  • the microorganisms may be selected from bacteria of a genus selected from the group consisting of Acidithiobacillus, Acidimicrobium, Ferrithrix and Sulfobacillus. It is also possible to use the microorganisms in any
  • the microorganisms are bacteria selected from a species selected from the group consisting of Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus caldus, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferridurans, Acidithiobacillus ferriphilus, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Ferrithrix thermotolerans, Sulfobacillus acidophilus, Sulfobacillus sibiricus, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans and Sulfobacillus thermotolerans. It is also possible to use said microorganisms in any combination.
  • the microorganisms are a combination of microorganisms chosen only from the group consisting of Acidithiobacillus caldus and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. In a more preferred embodiment the microorganisms are a 1 :1 combination of microorganisms from the group consisting of Acidithiobacillus caldus and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans.
  • microorganisms which are able to survive, and preferably grow, under acidic environments is preferable.
  • the microorganisms are preferably thriving in environments with pH as low as 5, preferably as low as 3, more preferably as low as 2 and most preferably as low as 0.5.
  • the pH during the bioleaching process may be in the range of 0.5-5, such as 0.5-4, or 0.5-3.
  • microorganisms used in the method could also be able to survive and thrive in a solution with a high metal ion concentration.
  • it should be able to survive iron ions concentrations of up to 20000 mg/l and copper ion concentrations of up to 20000 mg/l.
  • the acidic solution could be continuously supplied to the chalcopyrite. It could also be supplied intermittently to the chalcopyrite, for example once every hour, once every day or once every week.
  • the acidic solution could also be provided to the chalcopyrite all at once in the beginning of the bioleaching process.
  • the acidic solution could be poured onto or dripped onto the chalcopyrite. It could also be mixed together with the chalcopyrite.
  • the acidic solution would preferably comprise H2SO 4 but it is possible to use other acids instead, e.g. inorganic acids such as HCI, H3PO 4 , or HNO3.
  • the acidic solution could comprise a mixture of different acids as well as just one acid.
  • the pH of the acidic solution could be between 1 .5 and 3, preferably between 2 and 3.
  • the pH of the acidic solution could be such that the pH of the bioleaching process will be between 0.5 and 5, preferably between 1 .5 and 3, more preferably between 2 and 3.
  • the solution in which the microorganisms can be provided to the material to be treated can be the acidic solution.
  • the acidic solution can be provided to the chalcopyrite in the same manner as the previously described solution in which the microorganisms can be provided.
  • the amount of microorganisms provided could be dependent on the amount of provided chalcopyrite.
  • the amount of microorganisms could be between 10 5 and 10 8 microorganisms per gram of chalcopyrite containing material, preferably between 10 6 and 10 8 per gram of chalcopyrite and more preferably between 10 6 and 10 7 microorganisms per gram of chalcopyrite.
  • the medium was provided with chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) such that the mineral content was 2 weight percent.
  • the chalcopyrite had a grain size of 50 to 100 ⁇ .
  • the medium had an initial pH of 1 .8.
  • the temperature of the medium was kept at 40 °C. There was no aeration performed of the medium apart from the aeration that may be obtained from the agitation disclosed hereinafter.
  • the flask was agitated at a constant speed of 150 rpm. No baffles were used.
  • the medium was provided with 10 7 microorganism cells per ml of medium and per species. During the process measurements were taken of the pH, the redox potential relative to a AgVAgCI electrode, the concentration of copper ions, the concentration of soluble iron(ll) ions, the concentration of soluble iron(lll) ions, the total amount of iron, the concentration of soluble sulfur ions and the total amount of elemental sulfur.
  • Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans was used.
  • a mixture of Acidithiobacillus caldus and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans was used.
  • no microorganisms were used, i.e. no microorganisms were added to the medium, a so called
  • FIG. 1 it is shown the copper ion concentration in mM dependent on time in days for the three experiments.
  • the dotted line is for the mixture of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans.
  • the dashed line is for Acidithiobacillus caldus and Sulfobacillus
  • thermosulfidooxidans The line which is both dashed and dotted is for the reference experiment in which no microorganisms have been added to said medium. As can be seen from the graph the combination of Acidithiobacillus caldus and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans highly improve the amount of copper ion obtained. A reason for the reference experiment disclosing a copper retrieval is that a small amount for Fe(lll) are present at the start of the experiment and slow chalcopyrite breakdown by the protons present in the added sulfuric acid.
  • FIG 2 it is shown the redox potential relative a AgVAgCI electrode in mV dependent on time in days for the three experiments.
  • the dotted line is for the mixture of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Sulfobacillus
  • thermosulfidooxidans The dashed line is for Acidithiobacillus caldus and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans.
  • the line which is both dashed and dotted is for the reference experiment. As can be seen from the graph the
  • thermosulfidooxidans discloses a redox potential within the desired range.
  • the highest extraction of copper from chalcopyrite is gotten when the redox potential is in a range between 400 mV and 550 mV relative a AgVAgCI electrode. Outside of this range the copper extraction is much lower.
  • This range can be achieved by using a mixture of Acidithiobacillus caldus and Sulfobacillus
  • thermosulfidooxidans thermosulfidooxidans

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de conduite d'un procédé de biolixiviation de chalcopyrite comprenant les étapes de : fourniture d'un matériau contenant de la chalcopyrite ; fourniture de micro-organismes, les micro-organismes oxydant le fer (ll) à un taux tel que le potentiel redox n'augmente pas au-dessus de 550 mV par rapport à une électrode Ag+/AgCI ; l'ajout desdits micro-organismes au matériau contenant de la chalcopyrite ; conduite de la réaction audit potentiel redox pour fournir des ions de cuivre.
PCT/EP2018/061175 2017-05-02 2018-05-02 Procédé de conduite d'un processus de biolixiviation de chalcopyrite WO2018202691A1 (fr)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109576173A (zh) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-05 江南大学 一株嗜酸喜温硫杆菌及其应用
US10704021B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2020-07-07 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustic perfusion devices
US10724029B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2020-07-28 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustophoretic separation technology using multi-dimensional standing waves
US10785574B2 (en) 2017-12-14 2020-09-22 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustic transducer driver and controller
US10967298B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2021-04-06 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Driver and control for variable impedence load
US10975368B2 (en) 2014-01-08 2021-04-13 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustophoresis device with dual acoustophoretic chamber
US11007457B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2021-05-18 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Electronic configuration and control for acoustic standing wave generation
US11021699B2 (en) 2015-04-29 2021-06-01 FioDesign Sonics, Inc. Separation using angled acoustic waves
US11085035B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2021-08-10 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Therapeutic cell washing, concentration, and separation utilizing acoustophoresis
US11214789B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2022-01-04 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Concentration and washing of particles with acoustics
US11377651B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2022-07-05 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Cell therapy processes utilizing acoustophoresis
US11420136B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2022-08-23 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Affinity cell extraction by acoustics
CN114939598A (zh) * 2022-05-23 2022-08-26 中南大学 一种利用腐植酸抑制硫化铜矿生物氧化的方法及应用
US11459540B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2022-10-04 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Expanded bed affinity selection
US11474085B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2022-10-18 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Expanded bed affinity selection
US11708572B2 (en) 2015-04-29 2023-07-25 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustic cell separation techniques and processes

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10704021B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2020-07-07 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustic perfusion devices
US10724029B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2020-07-28 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustophoretic separation technology using multi-dimensional standing waves
US10967298B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2021-04-06 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Driver and control for variable impedence load
US11007457B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2021-05-18 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Electronic configuration and control for acoustic standing wave generation
US10975368B2 (en) 2014-01-08 2021-04-13 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustophoresis device with dual acoustophoretic chamber
US11708572B2 (en) 2015-04-29 2023-07-25 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustic cell separation techniques and processes
US11021699B2 (en) 2015-04-29 2021-06-01 FioDesign Sonics, Inc. Separation using angled acoustic waves
US11459540B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2022-10-04 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Expanded bed affinity selection
US11474085B2 (en) 2015-07-28 2022-10-18 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Expanded bed affinity selection
US11085035B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2021-08-10 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Therapeutic cell washing, concentration, and separation utilizing acoustophoresis
US11214789B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2022-01-04 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Concentration and washing of particles with acoustics
US11420136B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2022-08-23 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Affinity cell extraction by acoustics
US11377651B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2022-07-05 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Cell therapy processes utilizing acoustophoresis
US10785574B2 (en) 2017-12-14 2020-09-22 Flodesign Sonics, Inc. Acoustic transducer driver and controller
CN109576173A (zh) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-05 江南大学 一株嗜酸喜温硫杆菌及其应用
CN109576173B (zh) * 2018-12-04 2020-05-08 江南大学 一株嗜酸喜温硫杆菌及其应用
CN114939598A (zh) * 2022-05-23 2022-08-26 中南大学 一种利用腐植酸抑制硫化铜矿生物氧化的方法及应用

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