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WO2018178482A1 - Système et procédé de mesure sonore pour le diagnostic d'éléments structuraux en bois - Google Patents

Système et procédé de mesure sonore pour le diagnostic d'éléments structuraux en bois Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018178482A1
WO2018178482A1 PCT/ES2018/070271 ES2018070271W WO2018178482A1 WO 2018178482 A1 WO2018178482 A1 WO 2018178482A1 ES 2018070271 W ES2018070271 W ES 2018070271W WO 2018178482 A1 WO2018178482 A1 WO 2018178482A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
structural element
microphones
frequency
structural
striking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2018/070271
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Rebeca GUTIÉRREZ SÁNCHEZ
Luis Alfonso Basterra Otero
Luis ACUÑA RELLO
Milagros CASADO SANZ
Leandro MORILLAS ROMERO
Original Assignee
Universidad De Valladolid
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad De Valladolid filed Critical Universidad De Valladolid
Publication of WO2018178482A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018178482A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/46—Wood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and method for measuring sonic frequencies, between 20 Hz and 20 KHz, which crosses a certain structural element of wood within the Cultural Heritage sector, the Rehabilitation and Conservation of buildings constructed with a structure of wood, as well as the measurement procedure and post process of readings obtained in order to characterize the material and detect, where appropriate, anomalies and internal injuries.
  • the diagnosis of wood structures is usually based on historical, qualitative and quantitative approaches.
  • the qualitative approach starts from the direct observation of the damage, the material decay, and the historical and archaeological data.
  • the quantitative approach is mainly based on tests, monitoring, and structural analysis. To provide adequate protection measures we need to know the real behavior of the structures.
  • patent number EP2424715B1 which presents an apparatus for detecting and correcting defects in wood, however it acts at the surface level of wood and does not use a specific methodology for diagnosis.
  • patent number EP2607894B1 which presents a method and apparatus for inspecting wooden boards by means of non-destructive acoustic emissions. It refers to products derived from wood, such as particle boards or fiber boards, however, it does not make a detailed study of the influence on structural elements as a relevant part in the rehabilitation of structures. It provides a diagnosis for isolated non-structural elements.
  • numerous studies have been carried out at the level of publications and scientific articles that have as their ultimate objective to determine the structural quality of wood through non-destructive tests. These studies differ from each other in the methodology and technique used to perform the tests at the laboratory level.
  • the PLG system is used as a classification system for new parts, not being applicable to the rehabilitation of existing wooden structures, due to the difficulty of taking data in unsupported conditions.
  • tests at the laboratory level cannot be extrapolated to a higher level of tests carried out on site, since in existing constructions the heads of the beams and other elements are embedded in walls or partitions making it impossible to measure in the transverse direction of the fiber.
  • NDT non-destructive evaluation
  • the invention relates to a sonic measurement system for diagnosis of structural elements of wood, which is intended to obtain the characteristic frequency values that cross a structural element of wood, for which it comprises a striking element for striking and emitting a signal. of a frequency on the structural element.
  • the system is characterized by comprising at least two microphones for capturing the frequency signals, transmitted by the structural element. These microphones have the characteristic that they are arranged aligned on the opposite side, to the face where the beating is performed, of the structural element.
  • the microphones are connected to an audio signal concentrator, which has been configured to simultaneously process the frequency signals received by the microphones.
  • the invention comprises a software for reading data based on the FFT Fourier Transform system, so that the main frequency captured by the set of microphones is obtained.
  • the measurements of the sonic frequencies captured by the microphones are processed simultaneously by the audio wave concentrator, which in turn is connected to the software that allows the reading of data according to the FFT system, capturing the main frequency of the set for each of the strokes through the Fourier Transform.
  • the system comprises a battery of aligned microphones, so that all frequencies captured by each microphone are processed simultaneously.
  • the audio signal concentrator is configured to process sonic frequencies between 20Hz and 20KHz.
  • the microphones are arranged at an angle range between 5 or 90 ° to the longitudinal direction of the structure.
  • the invention comprises a support on which the audio signal concentrator is fixed, so that said support is configured to be fixed to the structural element to be measured.
  • the support comprises a bar that is fixed by sergeants in the structural element to be measured, and has a telescopic configuration to adapt to the effective length and geometric characteristics of the structural element to be measured. This configuration allows stable attachment to the structural element.
  • the microphones are contact type and high sensitivity; and the head of said microphones is covered with an insulating material, suitable to ensure the reception of signals regardless of the irregularities of the surface of the structural element.
  • an adhered elastic protective layer has been arranged, which avoids slippage and prevents nicks from being produced by pressure on the wood of the structural element.
  • the invention also relates to a sonic measurement procedure, based on the described system that is characterized in that it comprises a phase in which the structural element is struck, on one of its faces. Then the frequency of the transmitted signal generated in the beating by the microphones that are aligned and located on the opposite side of the beating, to process the frequencies captured by the audio signal concentrator, and read the data according to the Fourier Transform system, to Obtain the measurement of the main frequency captured by the microphone set.
  • capturing the frequency of beating is performed in range for angles of between 5 and 90 ° to the longitudinal direction of the structural element by the microphones.
  • Figure 1. Shows a perspective view of a possible embodiment of the measurement system of the invention applied to A wooden beam.
  • Figure 2. Shows a side elevation view of the previous figure.
  • Figure 3. Front elevation view sample of Figure 1
  • the present invention aims at a system for measuring the range of sonic frequencies, between 20 Hz and 20 KHz, which crosses a wooden structural element, by which it is possible to characterize the material and detect anomalies and internal injuries.
  • a base support is used as a support for a measuring instrument, which is intended to be fixed to a wooden structural element, for example, a beam.
  • Said support consists of two elements: The first consists of a guide bar (1), preferably of aluminum, telescopic of variable length, of hollow or circular tubular section, which allows the system to be adapted to the length considered effective for each type of element Structural wood to measure and its geometric characteristics.
  • the guide bar (1) has section dimensions that keep the set stable, the minimum length to be covered is 1 meter.
  • the second element consists of an element for fixing the bar (1) to the beam, preferably consisting of two clamps or sergeants (2) incorporated at the ends of the guide bar (1) whose function is to ensure a stable grip on the beam .
  • the union between both elements can be screwed or welded.
  • the jaws, fixed and mobile, of the sergeants (2) have an elastic protective layer (3) attached to the area of contact with the structural element to avoid slipping and not produce pressure dents in the wood.
  • the measuring instrument comprises an audio signal concentrator (5) that is fixed to the guide bar (1), so that when the guide bar (1) is fixed on the structural element, the audio signal concentrator (5) It is also fixed to the structural element to be measured, which in this case is a beam.
  • the system comprises a battery of conventional microphones (4) of contact and high sensitivity, receivers of frequency signals, being at least the essential use of 2 units.
  • the head of all of them is covered with an acoustic insulating material, cork, foam or similar to ensure efficient sound pickup when the contact surface is not perfectly smooth.
  • a striking element such as a hammer (8) to hit the beam, to impact generate a wave that propagates through said beam and dissipates through the material generating three types of fundamental waves: longitudinal, transverse and residual.
  • the microphones (4) used in the example are six and are arranged on the opposite side to the area where it is struck and are connected to the audio signal concentrator (5) by which the information is processed for reading through a software (6), installed in a hardware, that allows the reading of data according to the Fourier Transformed FFT system.
  • the microphones (4) are located in line at different angles with respect to the longitudinal direction of the beam, to capture the frequencies of the waves and their analysis is carried out by means of the audio signal concentrator (5) which simultaneously processes the received values.
  • the measurement with angles of 90 ° and another between 5 or 90 ° An efficient distribution of the angles would be the measurement at 90 °, 75 °, 63 °, 45 °, 20 ° and 10 °, although a more closed sweep can be performed if the characteristics of the structural element require it.
  • the audio signal concentrator (5) incorporated in the guide bar (1), processes the signals in a software (6) that facilitates the reading of data for later analysis according to the FFT system. This allows obtaining the main frequency captured by each of the microphones (4) for each of the strokes according to the Fourier Transform.
  • the performance of the test will allow, based on the frequency values obtained, to know the speed of propagation of the waves in the wood for structural use at any angle and in any direction to perform a more complex structural analysis afterwards and monitor a quick way to carry out tests in construction.
  • the aluminum telescopic guide bar (1) and the two sergeants (2) are located at their ends below the structural element, beam, which is desired to be tested, adjusting the length of the bar to the effective length of the beam
  • the jaws of the sergeants (2) are adjusted to the width of the beam by contact pressure. In order not to produce pressure indentations and to avoid sliding on the grip, it adheres to the contact surface of the jaws by means of the elastic protective layer (3).
  • the microphones (4) are placed in a fan according to the angles considered more efficient and with the emitting element, hammer or similar (8) a sonic mechanical wave is generated that propagates through the wood to be registered by the microphone battery ( 4).
  • the audio signal concentrator (5) processes the frequencies recorded by the microphones simultaneously.
  • the data reading is done through the software (6) connected to the concentrator, which allows us to obtain a complete analysis of the frequencies that a structural element crosses.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de mesure sonore pour le diagnostic d'éléments structuraux en bois, qui permet d'obtenir les valeurs de fréquence qui traversent un élément structural en bois, et qui comprend un élément d'impact (8) pour produire un impact et émettre un signal de fréquence sur l'élément structural à mesurer, et comprend au moins deux microphones (4) de captation des signaux transmis par l'élément structural, qui sont alignés sur le côté opposé dudit élément structural sur lequel l'impact est produit, et qui sont reliés à un concentrateur de signaux audio (5), conçu pour traiter simultanément les signaux reçus par les microphones. Le système comprend également un logiciel (6) pour la lecture de données fondé sur le système de la transformée de Fourier FFT, pour obtenir la fréquence principale captée par l'ensemble des microphones. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de mesure fondé sur la configuration du système.
PCT/ES2018/070271 2017-03-31 2018-03-28 Système et procédé de mesure sonore pour le diagnostic d'éléments structuraux en bois WO2018178482A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201700471 2017-03-31
ES201700471A ES2685340B2 (es) 2017-03-31 2017-03-31 Sistema y procedimiento de medición sónico para diagnóstico de elementos estructurales de madera

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018178482A1 true WO2018178482A1 (fr) 2018-10-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2018/070271 WO2018178482A1 (fr) 2017-03-31 2018-03-28 Système et procédé de mesure sonore pour le diagnostic d'éléments structuraux en bois

Country Status (2)

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ES (1) ES2685340B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018178482A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0448896A1 (fr) * 1989-12-21 1991-10-02 Centre D'etudes Et De Recherches De L'industrie Du Beton Manufacture, Cerib Procédé et dispositif de contrôle non destructif pour des éléments en béton
JP2003287460A (ja) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-10 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 床衝撃音の測定方法
EP1793225A1 (fr) * 2004-08-11 2007-06-06 JFE Civil Engineering Méthode et système non-destructifs d"inspection à l"intérieur d"un arbre par tomographie acoustique
EP2455740A1 (fr) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-23 Innodura Procédé et dispositif de détermination non destructive du module de rupture d'une pièce en bois
US20120170785A1 (en) * 2011-01-03 2012-07-05 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Noise-vibration microphone stand

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0448896A1 (fr) * 1989-12-21 1991-10-02 Centre D'etudes Et De Recherches De L'industrie Du Beton Manufacture, Cerib Procédé et dispositif de contrôle non destructif pour des éléments en béton
JP2003287460A (ja) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-10 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 床衝撃音の測定方法
EP1793225A1 (fr) * 2004-08-11 2007-06-06 JFE Civil Engineering Méthode et système non-destructifs d"inspection à l"intérieur d"un arbre par tomographie acoustique
EP2455740A1 (fr) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-23 Innodura Procédé et dispositif de détermination non destructive du module de rupture d'une pièce en bois
US20120170785A1 (en) * 2011-01-03 2012-07-05 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Noise-vibration microphone stand

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ROJAS ET AL.: "Wood Species Identification Using Stress-Wave Analysis in the Audible Range", APPLIED ACOUSTICS, vol. 72, no. 12, 28 May 2011 (2011-05-28), pages 934 - 942, XP028249949, ISSN: 0003-682X *
SANCHEZ ET AL.: "Polyspectral Technique for The Analysis of Stress- Waves Characteristics and Species Recognition in Wood Veneers", APPLIED ACOUSTICS, vol. 86, December 2014 (2014-12-01), pages 89 - 94, XP029038360, ISSN: 0003-682X *
TAKAHASHI ET AL.: "Simulation Based Defect Estimation of Metal Pole by Analyzing Hammering Sounds", 2014 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SICE ANNUAL CONFERENCE (SICE), 9 September 2014 (2014-09-09), pages 762 - 768, XP032668831 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2685340A1 (es) 2018-10-08
ES2685340B2 (es) 2019-10-10

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