WO2018100660A1 - Palier ferreux fritté contenant de l'huile - Google Patents
Palier ferreux fritté contenant de l'huile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018100660A1 WO2018100660A1 PCT/JP2016/085507 JP2016085507W WO2018100660A1 WO 2018100660 A1 WO2018100660 A1 WO 2018100660A1 JP 2016085507 W JP2016085507 W JP 2016085507W WO 2018100660 A1 WO2018100660 A1 WO 2018100660A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- based sintered
- bearing
- phase
- dispersed
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an iron-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing having a bearing surface that supports the outer peripheral surface of a shaft.
- Sintered oil-impregnated bearings are a sintered bearing made of a sintered alloy having pores, the pores of which are impregnated with lubricating oil, and can provide self-lubricating properties due to the impregnated lubricating oil. Is good and widely used.
- a sintered body constituting the sintered bearing 1 which is a main body of the sintered oil-impregnated bearing is a porous body in which pores are dispersed in a metal matrix, and the lubricant 2 is impregnated in the pores.
- the sintered bearing is formed in a substantially circular tube or a substantially annular ring, and supports the shaft 3 on its inner peripheral surface.
- the lubricating oil impregnated in the pores is thermally expanded due to frictional heat with the shaft, and the lubricating oil impregnated in the pores is sucked out by the rotation of the shaft.
- the lubricating oil flows from the upper part of the low oil pressure toward the sliding part that receives the high oil pressure.
- the shaft is lifted from the inner peripheral surface of the bearing by the flow of the lubricating oil to prevent metal contact between the inner peripheral surface of the bearing and the shaft.
- the flow of lubricating oil entering between the shaft and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing causes the shaft to be shifted in the rotational direction, and the hydraulic pressure distribution 5 on the inner peripheral surface of the bearing is as shown in FIG.
- the lubricating oil escapes through the pores even when hydraulic pressure is generated, the lubricating oil circulates through the pores in the sintered bearing and exhibits an effective lubricating action on the inner peripheral surface again.
- the shaft supported by the bearing is generally made of an inexpensive iron alloy, and a copper-based sintered bearing to which a copper-based sintered alloy is applied has been frequently used as the sintered bearing.
- a copper-based sintered bearing to which a copper-based sintered alloy is applied has been frequently used as the sintered bearing.
- the need for an iron-based sintered bearing using an iron-based sintered alloy whose main component is inexpensive iron is increasing.
- there are disadvantages that it is easy to seize and the shaft which is a counterpart part is easily damaged.
- the above phenomenon becomes prominent when a low-hardness shaft that has not been heat-treated and a bearing mainly composed of iron are used in combination.
- Patent Document 1 has excellent wear resistance, seizure resistance comparable to iron-copper sintered bearings using iron-copper-based sintered alloys, and attack mitigation to counterpart parts.
- Iron-based sintered bearings have been proposed as having the above.
- the total composition of the sintered alloy is, by mass ratio, Cu: 2.0 to 9.0%, C: 1.5 to 3.7%, the balance: Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the copper phase is exposed on the bearing surface at an area ratio of 8 to 40%.
- the overall composition has a mass ratio of C: 0.6 to 1.2%, Cu: 3.5 to 9.0%, Mn: 0.6 to 2.2%, S: 0.4 to 1.3%, balance: Fe-based sintered alloy for sliding members comprising Fe and inevitable impurities Has been proposed (Patent Document 2), and the alloy structure is such that at least one of the free Cu phase and the free Cu—Fe alloy phase is dispersed in the martensite matrix, and the MnS phase is 1.0. It is characterized by being dispersed by 3.5% by mass.
- the lubricating oil drawn from the pores by the rotation of the shaft is drawn between the shaft and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing as the shaft rotates, and between the shaft and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing.
- the application to various uses is progressing, but the application is not progressing for uses that are difficult to form a good oil film.
- further improvement of the sintered bearing is necessary.
- Fields in which such sintered oil-impregnated bearings have been considered difficult to apply include, for example, supporting forward and reverse rotating shafts such as paper feed rollers for copiers, head drive motors, etc.
- bearings for applications where the driving time for each rotation and reverse rotation is short are bearings for applications where the driving time for each rotation and reverse rotation is short. In such an application, as shown in FIG. 2A, the rotation stops before a good lubricating oil film is formed, and therefore metal contact between the shaft and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing is likely to occur.
- the iron-based sintered bearing of Patent Document 1 has excellent wear resistance for applications in which a good lubricating oil film can be formed, and has seizure resistance comparable to that of an iron-copper-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing. Has mitigation against attacks on opponent parts. However, further improvements are needed for applications where metal contact is likely to occur.
- the iron-based sintered sliding member of Patent Document 2 is lubricated by the released Cu phase or Cu—Fe alloy phase and MnS phase, and exhibits sliding characteristics.
- the MnS phase is formed by leaving the MnS powder added to the raw material powder as it is, the MnS phase is dispersed only at the grain boundaries (powder grain boundaries) between the iron powders.
- the MnS powder is stable and does not react with other powders, it does not react with the iron powder forming the matrix, and therefore the adhesion to the matrix is poor.
- the present invention does not depend on the technique of Patent Document 2 with poor adhesion, and further improves the lubrication characteristics for iron-based sintered oil-impregnated bearings, and also has excellent lubrication characteristics even in applications where metal contact is likely to occur. It aims at providing the iron system sintered bearing which shows this, and its manufacturing method.
- the inventors of the present invention have studied an iron-based sintered bearing that achieves the above object, and depositing and dispersing sulfides in the base of the iron-based sintered alloy constituting the main body of the iron-based sintered bearing, thereby providing a metal contact It has been found that good lubrication characteristics can be exhibited even in applications where the occurrence of such a tendency to occur.
- an iron-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing has a bearing surface that supports the outer peripheral surface of the shaft, and an iron-based sintered bearing configured of an iron-based sintered alloy in which pores are dispersed;
- An iron-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing having lubricating oil impregnated in the pores, wherein the total composition of the iron-based sintered alloy is Cu: 0.5 to 3%, C: 1 to 5 %, S: 0.3-2%, balance: Fe and inevitable impurities, the density of the iron-based sintered alloy is 5.2-7.2 g / cm 3 , From a base having one metal structure of a ferrite structure, a pearlite structure, and a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite, a copper phase and a graphite phase dispersed in the base, and at least one of the base and the copper phase
- the gist is to have a sulfide phase that precipitates and disperses.
- the sulfide phase may be precipitated and dispersed within crystal boundaries and crystal grains of the matrix and the copper phase, and the sulfide is mainly composed of iron sulfide and copper sulfide. It's okay.
- the sulfide phase dispersed in the metal structure is dispersed at an area ratio of 0.9 to 6% with respect to the area of the cross section including pores when the cross section of the metal structure is observed.
- the sulfide phase is granular and the maximum particle size is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the copper phase and the copper sulfide phase dispersed on the bearing surface are dispersed at an area ratio of 5 to 20% with respect to the entire bearing surface.
- the iron-based sintered bearing is excellently improved in lubrication characteristics and exhibits good lubrication characteristics even in applications where metal contact is likely to occur.
- the iron-based sintered bearing which is the main body of the iron-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing is composed of an iron-based sintered alloy containing Fe (iron) as a main component.
- the iron-based sintered alloy includes an iron-based matrix (ferrite phase P1 in FIG. 3), a copper phase P2, a graphite phase P3, and a sulfide phase P4.
- Fe is a component suitable as a main component of an iron-based sintered alloy because it is cheaper than Cu (copper) and has excellent mechanical strength.
- Fe is introduced in the form of iron powder, and the base of the iron-based sintered alloy is formed by using the raw material powder mainly composed of iron powder.
- the pores are dispersed in the base of the iron-based sintered alloy.
- the pores are caused by the powder metallurgy method, and voids between the powder particles when the raw material powder is compacted are left in the base formed by the bonding of the raw material powders.
- the base metal structure of the iron-based sintered alloy is one of a ferrite structure, a pearlite structure, and a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite.
- Ferrite is soft and has good compatibility with the shaft that is the counterpart material, but has low mechanical strength.
- pearlite has a high base hardness and a high mechanical strength, but there is a possibility that the shaft that is the counterpart material is worn.
- the base metal structure of the iron-based sintered alloy depends on the required characteristics of the iron-based sintered bearing, including a ferrite single-phase metal structure, a mixed metal structure of ferrite and pearlite, and a pearlite single-phase metal structure. Either.
- the density of the sintered alloy (sintered body density) is lower than the theoretical density.
- the density of the sintered alloy is high, the amount of pores decreases, and when the density of the sintered alloy is low, the amount of pores increases.
- the pores formed in the iron-based sintered alloy are impregnated with a lubricating oil, thereby exhibiting lubrication characteristics for a long time without lubrication.
- the amount of pores formed in the iron-based sintered alloy constituting the iron-based sintered bearing is poor, that is, if the density of the iron-based sintered alloy is high, the amount of lubricating oil impregnated becomes small and good. The proper lubrication properties cannot be achieved.
- the amount of pores formed in the iron-based sintered alloy is excessive, that is, if the density of the iron-based sintered alloy is low, the amount of iron-based sintered alloy base decreases, resulting in the mechanical properties of the iron-based sintered alloy. Strength will decrease. From this viewpoint, the density of the iron-based sintered alloy or equal to 5.2 ⁇ 7.2g / cm 3.
- the density of the iron-based sintered alloy corresponds to approximately 10 to 25% in terms of the porosity of the iron-based sintered alloy.
- the density ratio of a sintered compact is measured by the sintering density test method of a metal sintered material prescribed
- Cu is a component that can form a soft copper phase to improve the compatibility with the mating shaft and improve the lubricity by forming copper sulfide with excellent lubricity. is there.
- the amount of Cu is poor, the copper phase dispersed in the base becomes poor and the above effect becomes poor.
- the expensive Cu is excessive, the cost increases accordingly. For this reason, the amount of Cu is 0.5-3 mass%.
- the copper powder is preferably a flat or foil copper powder.
- the amount of copper phase exposed on the inner diameter surface of the bearing which requires sliding characteristics, is larger than that in the bearing. Therefore, even if the amount of Cu in the bearing is reduced to reduce the amount of Cu in the entire composition, the amount of the copper phase exposed on the inner diameter surface of the bearing can be maintained at a required amount.
- the appropriate amount of the total of the copper phase dispersed on the bearing inner surface and the copper sulfide phase described later can be 5 to 20% of the inner surface in terms of area ratio, and the sulfide precipitated from the soft copper phase and the copper phase.
- the sliding characteristics can be further improved by copper.
- a flat copper powder having a particle size of about 20 to 150 ⁇ m can be preferably used.
- the copper powder having a small particle size easily enters the gap between the iron particles, and the excessive copper powder is less likely to be ubiquitous around the core rod.
- the ratio of the particle diameter to the thickness is preferably about 2.5 to 20.
- S sulfur
- Fe combines with Fe forming the base to form iron sulfide, and combines with Cu forming the copper phase to form copper sulfide.
- the iron powder as the main raw material contains a very small amount (1% by mass or less) of Mn as an inevitable impurity resulting from the production method. For this reason, manganese sulfide can be dispersed in a very small part.
- Mn manganese sulfide
- These sulfides are rich in lubricity, and by depositing and dispersing such sulfides in the matrix, it is possible to form a matrix that exhibits excellent lubricating properties even under sliding conditions where metal contact is likely to occur. .
- S is added to the raw material powder by adding it in the form of iron sulfide powder.
- S added in the form of iron sulfide generates an eutectic liquid phase of Fe—S when the temperature rises in the sintering process at a temperature higher than 988 ° C., and liquid phase sintering proceeds to cause necking between powder particles. Promote growth. Further, after S is uniformly diffused from the eutectic liquid phase into the iron matrix, it again precipitates as iron sulfide particles from the crystal grain boundaries and crystal grains of the matrix. For this reason, the iron sulfide particles are uniformly dispersed in the crystal grain boundaries and crystal grains of the base, thereby improving the adhesion of the iron sulfide particles.
- a part of S can diffuse into the copper phase, bond with Cu in the copper phase, and precipitate as copper sulfide particles within the crystal grain boundaries and crystal grains of the copper phase. Since the copper sulfide particles are thus precipitated and dispersed in the crystal grain boundaries and crystal grains of the copper phase, the adhesiveness is high.
- the amount of S is insufficient, the amount of sulfide dispersed in the base becomes insufficient, and the lubrication characteristics become poor. If the amount of S is excessive, the amount of sulfide to be precipitated becomes excessive and the strength of the base decreases, and as a result, the mechanical strength of the iron-based sintered alloy constituting the iron-based sintered bearing decreases. . For this reason, the amount of S is preferably 0.3-2% by mass. At this time, the sulfide phase in the metal structure of the cross section of the iron-based sintered alloy is 0.9 to 6% in terms of the area ratio with respect to the area of the cross section including the pores when the cross section of the metal structure is observed.
- the sulfide is preferably dispersed in a granular form in the metal structure. Also, if the size of the precipitated sulfide particles is coarse, the presence of sulfide particles is unevenly distributed, and in places where the presence of sulfide particles is poor, wear, adhesion, etc. are likely to occur during metal contact. A state where the particles are dispersed as particles having a maximum particle diameter of 50 ⁇ m or less is preferable.
- C carbon
- the matrix is composed of a pearlite single phase structure or a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite
- a part of C diffuses into the Fe powder particles constituting the matrix and forms a pearlite. This contributes to improving the mechanical strength of the base.
- the graphite phase is formed by the graphite powder particles remaining in the iron-based sintered alloy in an undiffused state. For this reason, the graphite phase is dispersed in the pores.
- the amount of C is set to 1 to 5% by mass.
- Use of graphite powder having an average particle size of about 40 to 80 ⁇ m is preferable in terms of diffusion to the base and sliding properties.
- the iron-based sintered alloy constituting the iron-based sintered bearing has a total composition of Cu: 0.5 to 3% and C: 1 to 5% in mass ratio. S: 0.3-2%, balance: Fe and inevitable impurities, the porosity of the iron-based sintered alloy is 10-25%, and the metal structure of the iron-based sintered alloy is a ferrite structure, It is one of a pearlite structure and a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite, and a copper phase and a graphite phase are dispersed in the matrix, and a sulfide phase is precipitated and dispersed from the matrix and / or the copper phase. Presents a metal structure.
- the area ratio of the sulfide phase is based on an image obtained by observing the cross section or surface of an iron-based sintered bearing (iron-based sintered alloy) with a metal microscope, an electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA), or the like. It can be measured using image analysis software such as WinROOF manufactured by Mitani Corporation.
- an iron-based sintered bearing in the present invention as a raw material powder of the iron-based sintered alloy constituting the iron-based sintered bearing, copper powder, graphite powder, and iron sulfide powder are added to the iron powder.
- the manufacturing method of the iron-based sintered bearing includes a step of forming the raw material powder into a bearing shape, that is, a substantially circular tube or a substantially annular shape having an inner diameter surface that slides with the shaft, and the obtained molding A step of sintering the body.
- the iron-based sintered bearing is formed so that the density of the sintered iron-based sintered alloy is 5.2 to 7.2 g / cm 3 by setting the molding pressure of the raw material powder to 250 to 650 MPa. Can be manufactured.
- the sintering temperature is preferably 990 ° C. or higher.
- the sintering temperature is too high, the graphite phase diffuses to the base and the remaining graphite phase becomes poor, and the copper powder melts and the copper phase becomes poor.
- S easily reacts with hydrogen and oxygen, if the sintering atmosphere is an oxidizing gas, the S component introduced into the raw material powder is released and the amount of S in the iron-based sintered alloy decreases.
- a method for producing an iron-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing includes a step of preparing an iron-based sintered bearing according to the method for producing an iron-based sintered bearing as described above, and impregnating the iron-based sintered bearing with a lubricating oil.
- An impregnation step, and if necessary, the iron-based sintered bearing before impregnation may be subjected to final compression processing such as sizing and coining.
- Lubricating oils can be used by appropriately selecting from various lubricating oils in consideration of the application and operating environment. For example, one or a combination of two or more of mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbon oils, ester oils, etc. are used. You can do it.
- the density of the iron-based sintered alloy measured by the sintered density test method of the sintered metal material specified in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) Z2505 is in the range of 5.6 to 6.0 Mg / m 3 . Met.
- the bearing samples of each sample number were impregnated with lubricating oil (mineral oil viscosity viscosity ISO ISO VG56), and the friction coefficient on the inner diameter surface of the sintered bearing was measured.
- lubricating oil mineral oil viscosity viscosity ISO ISO VG56
- a shaft made of carbon steel S45C was attached to the rotating shaft of a horizontal motor. The shaft was inserted into a bearing attached to the housing with a gap, and the shaft was rotated while a vertical load was applied to the housing.
- the ambient temperature was maintained at 25 ° C.
- the rotation speed of the shaft was set to 500 rpm
- the load surface pressure was set to 0.3 MPa.
- the effect of the C amount can be investigated by comparing the bearing samples with sample numbers 03 and 16 to 21 in Table 1. From Table 1, the bearing sample No. 16 having a C amount of 0.5% by mass has a large coefficient of friction because the graphite phase is poor. On the other hand, in the bearing sample of Sample No. 17 in which the addition amount of C is 1% by mass, a sufficient amount of graphite phase is formed and the friction coefficient can be reduced to 0.24. It can also be seen that the friction coefficient is reduced as the amount of C increases. On the other hand, the crushing strength decreases as the C content increases, and the crushing strength decreases to 140 MPa in the bearing sample of Sample No. 21 in which the C content exceeds 5 mass%.
- the iron-based sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to the present invention is less likely to form a good lubricating oil film, and can exhibit good lubricating properties even under sliding conditions where metal contact is likely to occur. It supports shafts that rotate in the forward and reverse directions, such as paper feed rollers for copiers, head drive motors, etc., and is suitable as a bearing for applications where the forward and reverse drive times are short. It is suitable for a bearing that supports the shaft of a rotor that rotates eccentrically with respect to the stator, such as a compressor.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un palier ferreux fritté contenant de l'huile qui comporte une surface de support pour supporter la surface circonférentielle externe d'un arbre, et un palier ferreux fritté, qui est constitué d'un alliage ferreux fritté dans lequel des pores sont dispersés et imprégnés d'huile lubrifiante. En pourcentages en poids, la composition globale de l'alliage ferreux fritté qui constitue le palier ferreux fritté comprend du Cu : de 0,5 à 3 %, C : de 1 à 5 %, S : de 0,3 à 2 %, reste étant du Fe et des impuretés inévitables. La densité de l'alliage ferreux fritté est de 5,2 à 7,2 g/cm3. L'alliage ferreux fritté présente une structure métallographique comportant des phases de cuivre et des phases de graphite dispersées dans une base, qui est une structure métallique choisie parmi les structures de ferrite, les structures de perlite et les structures mixtes de ferrite et de perlite, et des phases de sulfure dispersées, précipitées à partir de la base et/ou des phases de cuivre.
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JP2018553563A JP6819696B2 (ja) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | 鉄系焼結含油軸受 |
PCT/JP2016/085507 WO2018100660A1 (fr) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | Palier ferreux fritté contenant de l'huile |
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PCT/JP2016/085507 WO2018100660A1 (fr) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | Palier ferreux fritté contenant de l'huile |
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PCT/JP2016/085507 WO2018100660A1 (fr) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | Palier ferreux fritté contenant de l'huile |
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Cited By (1)
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JP2019065323A (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-25 | 日立化成株式会社 | 鉄系焼結軸受及び鉄系焼結含油軸受 |
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CN111139427B (zh) * | 2020-01-14 | 2022-03-11 | 合肥波林新材料股份有限公司 | 铁基烧结硫蒸材料、轴套及其制备方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2013076152A (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-25 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 鉄基焼結摺動部材およびその製造方法 |
JP2014066271A (ja) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-17 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | すべり軸受組立体 |
JP2014177658A (ja) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-25 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | 鉄基焼結摺動部材およびその製造方法 |
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- 2016-11-30 WO PCT/JP2016/085507 patent/WO2018100660A1/fr active Application Filing
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2013076152A (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-25 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 鉄基焼結摺動部材およびその製造方法 |
JP2014066271A (ja) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-17 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | すべり軸受組立体 |
JP2014177658A (ja) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-25 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | 鉄基焼結摺動部材およびその製造方法 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2019065323A (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-25 | 日立化成株式会社 | 鉄系焼結軸受及び鉄系焼結含油軸受 |
JP7024291B2 (ja) | 2017-09-29 | 2022-02-24 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 鉄系焼結軸受及び鉄系焼結含油軸受 |
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