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WO2018090445A1 - 一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件 - Google Patents

一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018090445A1
WO2018090445A1 PCT/CN2016/112471 CN2016112471W WO2018090445A1 WO 2018090445 A1 WO2018090445 A1 WO 2018090445A1 CN 2016112471 W CN2016112471 W CN 2016112471W WO 2018090445 A1 WO2018090445 A1 WO 2018090445A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
region
bypass diode
battery string
positive
assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/112471
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑直
邢涛
祁冀
朱生宾
石亮杰
Original Assignee
泰州乐叶光伏科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 泰州乐叶光伏科技有限公司 filed Critical 泰州乐叶光伏科技有限公司
Priority to AU2016429622A priority Critical patent/AU2016429622B2/en
Priority to ES16921800T priority patent/ES2875761T3/es
Priority to EP16921800.5A priority patent/EP3544060B1/en
Priority to US16/475,689 priority patent/US11257971B2/en
Publication of WO2018090445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018090445A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/70—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising bypass diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
    • H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
    • H10F19/904—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells characterised by the shapes of the structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/34—Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
    • H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
    • H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic laminate assembly.
  • a solar cell is a device that converts light energy directly into direct current using the photovoltaic effect.
  • solar cells include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon thin film, cadmium telluride thin film, copper indium gallium tin thin film, gallium arsenide, fuel sensitization, perovskite, III-V multi-junction Many types of batteries.
  • crystalline silicon solar cells including monocrystalline silicon solar cells and polycrystalline silicon solar cells.
  • a photovoltaic device that can be used for long-term use by electrically interconnecting a plurality of solar cells is called a photovoltaic component.
  • a photovoltaic component In the way of interconnecting cells in a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module, it is common to arrange the cells in order, using a tin-coated solder strip with a copper substrate as the interconnect strip, and the interconnect strip is soldered on the front main grid of the first cell. The other end of the interconnect strip is soldered to the back gate line of the adjacent second cell. The two ends of the second interconnecting strip are respectively soldered to the front main gate line of the second cell sheet and the back gate line of the third cell sheet, and so on. Thereby all the cells are connected in series into a string.
  • the lamination assembly employs another technique for interconnecting cells.
  • One side of the battery sheet is placed under the other battery sheet B such that the main grid line electrode on the front side of the front side and the grid line electrode on the back side of the B overlap each other.
  • a physical connection and a conductive connection are formed between the two electrodes by using a conductive paste, a solder ribbon or a solder paste.
  • the existing laminated components without bypass diodes may have thermal spots on the components if they are shaded (for example, snow, severe dirt), causing damage or even burning of the components.
  • the existing laminated component with a bypass diode has only one bypass diode. Since the component voltage exceeds the reverse breakdown voltage of a single cell, in the case of hot spots, hot spots are generated. The cell is reversed in reverse, and the bypass diode does not work, which also causes damage or even burnout of the component.
  • a photovoltaic laminate assembly with a bypass diode comprising: a first region, a second region, a third region, and a fourth region, wherein the four regions are arranged in a field shape; each region contains a plurality of strings
  • a crystalline silicon solar cell or a crystalline silicon solar chip battery is composed of a solar cell string composed of overlapping first and last ends; all the battery strings in each region are formed in parallel: the positive electrodes of the battery strings are connected to each other, and the negative electrodes are connected to each other;
  • the positive pole of the battery string in the first region serves as the positive pole of the entire assembly, and the battery string in the first region is in the negative pole and the second region
  • the battery string is positively connected; the battery string negative electrode in the second region is in positive communication with the battery string in the third region; the battery string negative electrode in the third region is in positive communication with the battery string in the fourth region; the battery in the fourth region
  • the string negative electrode is the negative electrode of the entire assembly;
  • bypass diode D1 between the positive pole of the battery string in the first region and the negative pole of the battery string in the second region, the positive pole of the bypass diode D1 is connected to the negative pole of the battery string of the second region, and the negative pole is connected to the positive pole of the battery string of the first region.
  • bypass diode D2 between the positive pole of the battery string in the third region and the negative pole of the battery string in the fourth region, the negative pole of the bypass diode D2 is connected to the positive pole of the battery string in the third region, and the negative pole of the battery string in the positive electrode and the fourth region Connection between
  • bypass diode D1 and the bypass diode D2 are located in the middle of the entire assembly.
  • each region includes N solar battery strings, N is a positive integer, 1 ⁇ N ⁇ 8; the total number of solar cells in each battery string is M, M is a positive integer, 5 ⁇ M ⁇ 50; the same Each battery in the battery string has the same specifications.
  • the solar cell constituting the battery string is a single piece of single crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon solar cell, or a small cell piece cut into a whole piece of solar cell.
  • a first junction box is disposed between the first region and the fourth region on the back side of the component near the edge of the component, and the positive cable and the negative cable of the entire component are led out by the first junction box.
  • a second junction box is disposed at a central portion between the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region, and the bypass diode D1 and the bypass diode D2 are disposed in the second junction box. ;
  • a second junction box and a third junction box are disposed at a central portion between the first region, the second region, the third region, and the fourth region, and the bypass diode D1 is disposed in the second junction box.
  • the bypass diode D2 is disposed in the third junction box.
  • bypass diode D1 and the bypass diode D2 are buried in the upper and lower insulating packaging materials of the component, or between the packaging material and the back plate, between the packaging material and the front plate, or between the packaging material and the battery.
  • the encapsulating material is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or a polyolefin.
  • the anode of the first region and the anode of the second region are electrically connected to the first bus bar through a metal or alloy ribbon;
  • the anode of the second region and the anode of the third region are electrically conductive by the ribbon and the second bus bar Connecting;
  • the anode of the third region and the anode of the fourth region are electrically connected to the third bus bar through the solder ribbon;
  • the anode of the fourth region is electrically connected to the fourth bus bar by the solder ribbon;
  • the anode of the first region passes through the solder ribbon
  • the bus bar material is a metal or an alloy;
  • the fourth bus bar is stacked with the fifth bus bar, and the middle is separated by an insulating film material; or the fourth bus bar is arranged side by side with the fifth bus bar;
  • the gap in the middle is filled with an insulating packaging material.
  • the insulating film material is a polyethylene terephthalate film or a polyamide.
  • the insulating encapsulating material is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or polyolefin.
  • the negative electrode of the first region and the positive electrode of the second region directly form a conductive connection through the flexible conductive tape;
  • the negative electrode of the second region and the positive electrode of the third region directly form a conductive connection through the flexible conductive tape;
  • the negative electrode and the third region of the third region The positive electrodes of the four regions directly form an electrically conductive connection by a flexible conductive tape.
  • each battery string of the fourth region is connected by a second conductive layer of a double-sided conductive flexible conductive tape
  • the positive electrode of each battery string of the first region is connected by the first conductive layer of the double-sided conductive tape.
  • the intermediate insulating layer is isolated and insulated between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer;
  • the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer respectively cover an upper surface and a lower surface of the entire intermediate insulating layer; or the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer respectively cover an upper surface portion and a lower surface portion of the intermediate insulating layer.
  • the material of the intermediate insulating layer is polyethylene terephthalate.
  • each battery string of the fourth region is connected by a second conductor of a double-sided conductive flexible conductive tape
  • the anode of each battery string of the first region is connected by the first conductor of the double-sided conductive tape, first
  • the electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor are isolated and insulated by an intermediate insulator; the intermediate insulator is made of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the present invention divides the component into four regions, the battery strings in each region are connected in parallel, and the circuits between the regions are connected in series.
  • the first region and the second region are protected by a bypass diode, and the third region and the fourth region are protected by another bypass diode.
  • the bypass diode is located in the center of the back of the assembly.
  • the positive and negative cables of the assembly are led out from the junction box on the back of the assembly near the edge of the assembly.
  • the overall voltage of the 2*N battery strings in parallel with the bypass diode is half of the entire component voltage, and the bypass diode is not used or a bypass diode is connected in parallel with the positive and negative terminals of the entire assembly. This program reduces the risk of hot spots.
  • the positive and negative cables of the assembly are led out by a junction box located on the back side near the middle of the edge, similar to conventional components, for ease of installation and application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional photovoltaic laminate assembly without a bypass diode
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic lamination assembly having a bypass diode
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic lamination assembly with a bypass diode according to the present invention
  • 4a is an enlarged view showing the connection of the battery string to the first bus bar 11 and the first bus bar branch 110 in the area 1 shown in FIG. 4;
  • 4a-1 is an enlarged view showing the connection between the battery string and the first bus bar 11 and the first bus bar branch 110 in the area 2 shown in FIG. 4;
  • Figure 4b shows the connection of the battery string to the second bus bar 12 and the second bus bar branch 120 in the areas 2 and 3 shown in Figure 4.
  • 4c is an enlarged view showing the connection of the battery string and the third bus bar 13 and the third bus bar branch 130 in the area 3 shown in FIG. 4;
  • 4c-1 is an enlarged view of the connection between the battery string and the third bus bar 13 and the third bus bar branch 130 in the area 4 shown in FIG. 4;
  • 4d is an enlarged view showing the connection of the battery string and the fourth bus bar 14 and the fifth bus bar 15 in the regions 3 and 4 shown in FIG. 4, wherein the fourth bus bar 14 is connected to the battery string of the region 4 through the fourth bus bar branch 140.
  • the fifth bus bar 15 is connected to the battery string of the region 1 through the fifth bus bar branch 150; the fourth bus bar 14 and the fifth bus bar 15 are overlapped, and the two are separated by the insulating strip 30;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic rear view of a photovoltaic module in which two junction boxes are provided according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic rear view of a photovoltaic module having three junction boxes according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic rear view of a photovoltaic module in which a junction box is provided according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of a front side version of a laminated assembly designed using the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic illustration of another front side version of a laminate assembly designed using the present invention.
  • Figure 11a is an enlarged view showing the connection of the battery string and the flexible conductive tape 32 in the area 1 shown in Figure 11;
  • Figure 11a-1 is an enlarged view showing the connection of the battery string and the flexible conductive tape 32 in the area 2 shown in Figure 11;
  • Figure 11b is an enlarged view showing the connection of the battery string and the flexible conductive tape 33 in the regions 2 and 3 shown in Figure 11;
  • Figure 11c is an enlarged view showing the connection of the battery string and the flexible conductive tape 33 in the area 3 shown in Figure 11;
  • Figure 11c-1 is an enlarged view showing the connection of the battery string and the flexible conductive tape 33 in the region 4 shown in Figure 11;
  • Figure 11d is an enlarged view showing the connection of the battery string and the double-sided conductive flexible conductive tape 35 in the regions 3 and 4 shown in Figure 11, the double-sided conductive flexible conductive tape 35 including the upper conductive layer 351, the lower conductive layer 352, and between The upper conductive layer 350; the upper conductive layer 351 is connected to the region 4 battery string, the lower conductive layer 352 is connected to the region 1 battery string; the upper conductive layer 351 and the lower conductive layer 352 are overlapped, and the two are separated by the intermediate insulating layer 350;
  • Figure 12 is a side view showing the bus bar setting structure between the first area and the fourth area;
  • Figure 13 is a side elevational view showing another arrangement of the bus bar between the first region and the fourth region;
  • Figure 14 is a side view showing the bus bar setting structure between the second area and the third area;
  • Figure 15 is a side view of the first region and the fourth region joined by a double-sided flexible conductive tape
  • Figure 16 is a side elevational view of the first and fourth regions joined by another double-sided flexible conductive tape
  • Figure 17 is a side elevational view of the first and fourth regions joined by a third double-sided flexible conductive tape.
  • a photovoltaic lamination assembly with a bypass diode of the present invention is divided into four regions, each region containing N strings of battery cells composed of crystalline silicon solar cells or crystalline silicon solar chip cells, N It is an integer not less than 1 and not more than 8.
  • the solar cell area in each battery string is the same as the specification, and the total number of the battery sheets 100 in each battery string is M (M is an integer not less than 5 and not more than 50).
  • the positive electrodes of all the battery strings in each region are connected to each other, and the negative electrodes are connected to each other.
  • the battery piece constituting the battery string may be a single piece of single crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon battery, or may be a small piece of 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6 or other size cut into a whole piece of the battery piece. .
  • the positive electrode of the battery string in the region 1 serves as the positive electrode of the entire assembly, and the negative electrode of the battery string in the region 1 communicates with the positive electrode of the battery string in the region 2.
  • the battery string negative electrode in the region 2 is in positive communication with the battery string in the region 3.
  • the battery string negative electrode in the region 3 is in positive communication with the battery string in the region 4.
  • the negative pole of the battery string in zone 4 is the negative pole of the entire assembly.
  • bypass diode D2 between the positive electrode of the battery string of the region 3 and the negative electrode of the battery string of the region 4, the negative electrode of the bypass diode D2 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery string of the region 3, and the positive electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the battery string of the region 4.
  • the voltage of the circuit composed of the region 1 and the region 2 is half of the voltage of the entire component
  • the voltage of the circuit composed of the region 3 and the region 4 is also half of the voltage of the entire component.
  • FIG. 7 A back version of a laminated assembly designed using the present invention is shown in Figure 7, using a total of two junction boxes. There is two bypass diodes in the junction box 2 at the center of the back of the assembly. There are no diodes in the junction box 1 on the back of the assembly near the edge of the assembly, but the cables 3 and 4 of the positive and negative components are led out by the junction box 1.
  • FIG 8 A back version of a laminated assembly designed using the present invention is shown in Figure 8, using a total of three junction boxes. There are one bypass diodes in each of the two junction boxes 21, 22 located at the center of the back of the module. There is no diode inside the junction box 1 on the back of the assembly near the edge of the assembly, but the cables 3, 4 of the positive and negative components of the assembly are led out by the junction box 1.
  • a back plate type of a laminate assembly designed using the present invention is shown in Fig. 9, and a junction box 1 is used in total. There is no junction box in the center of the back of the assembly, and two bypass diodes are buried directly inside the assembly. The two bypass diodes are located between the two layers of encapsulating material and the encapsulating material is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. There is no diode inside the junction box 1 on the back of the assembly near the edge of the assembly, but the cables 3, 4 of the positive and negative components of the assembly are led out by the junction box.
  • FIG. 1 A front version of a laminate assembly designed using the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the negative electrode of region 1 and the positive electrode of region 2 are electrically connected to first bus bar 11 by a solder ribbon.
  • the negative electrode of region 2 and the positive electrode of region 3 are electrically connected to second bus bar 12 by a solder ribbon.
  • the negative electrode of region 3 and the positive electrode of region 4 are electrically connected to third bus bar 13 by a solder ribbon; the negative electrode of region 4 is electrically connected to fourth bus bar 14 by a solder ribbon.
  • the positive electrode of region 1 is electrically connected to fifth bus bar 15 by a solder ribbon.
  • the fourth bus bar 14 and the fifth bus bar 15 may be stacked and separated by an insulating strip 30 as shown in FIG. 10 and side view 12.
  • the fourth bus bar 14 and the fifth bus bar 15 may be arranged side by side, and the intermediate gap is filled with an insulating encapsulating material such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, as shown in a side view of FIG.
  • Both sides of the second bus bar 12 are electrically connected to the anode of the region 2 and the anode of the region 3 by the solder ribbon 31, as shown in side view.
  • FIG. 1 A front version of a laminate assembly designed using the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the negative electrode of region 1 and the positive electrode of region 2 directly form an electrically conductive connection through flexible conductive tape 32.
  • the negative electrode of the region 2 and the positive electrode of the region 3 directly form an electrically conductive connection through the flexible conductive tape 33.
  • the negative electrode of region 3 and the positive electrode of region 4 form a conductive connection directly through flexible conductive tape 34.
  • the negative electrode of each battery string of the region 4 and the positive electrode of each battery string of the region 1 are respectively connected by a double-sided conductive flexible conductive tape 35 and insulated from each other.
  • the flexible tape 36 includes an intermediate insulating layer 360 and a first conductive layer 361 and a second conductive layer 362 disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate insulating layer 360.
  • the positive electrode of the first region and the first The conductive layer 361 forms an electrically conductive connection; the negative electrode of the fourth region forms an electrically conductive connection with the second conductive layer 362.
  • the difference from FIG. 15 is that the first conductive layer 361 and the second conductive layer 362 do not completely cover the intermediate insulating layer 360.
  • FIG. 17 the difference from FIG.
  • the negative electrode of each battery string of the region 4 is connected by a second conductive body 364 of a double-sided conductive flexible conductive tape, and the positive electrode of each battery string of the region 1 passes through the double-sided conductive tape.
  • the first conductor 363 is connected, and the first conductor 363 and the second conductor 364 are separated and insulated by the intermediate insulator 365; the material of the intermediate insulator 365 is polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the negative electrode of each battery string of the region 4 and the positive electrode of each battery string of the region 1 may be respectively connected by two independent conductive tapes, and the two conductive tapes are overlapped with each other with an insulating strip interposed therebetween, as shown in FIG.
  • the negative electrode of each battery string of the region 4 and the positive electrode of each battery string of the region 1 may be respectively connected by two independent conductive tapes, two conductive tapes are arranged side by side, and the intermediate gap is copolymerized by an insulating encapsulating material such as ethylene-vinyl acetate.
  • the object is filled as shown in FIG.

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Abstract

一种带有旁路二极管（D1，D2）的光伏叠片组件，包括4个区域，每个区域含有若干串由晶体硅电池或晶体硅切片电池组成的电池串；各区域内的电池串为并联，各区域间电路为串联；第一区域和第二区域用一个第一旁路二极管（D1）保护，第三区域和第四区域用另一个第二旁路二极管（D2）保护；旁路二极管（D1，D2）位于组件的中央部位；组件的正负极线缆（3，4）从组件背面靠近组件边缘的接线盒（1）引出；与第一旁路二极管（D1）并联的第一区域和第二区域形成的电路的电压为组件电压的一半，与第二旁路二极管（D2）并联的第三区域和第四区域形成的电路的电压亦为组件电压的一半，与不采用旁路二极管（D1，D2）或是在整个组件的正负极上并联一个旁路二极管的方案相比，其降低了热斑的风险。

Description

一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏组件技术领域，特别涉及一种光伏叠片组件。
背景技术
太阳能电池是一种利用光生伏特效应将光能直接转化为直流电的器件。根据光电转换材料的不同，太阳能电池包括单晶硅，多晶硅，非晶硅薄膜，碲化镉薄膜，铜铟镓锡薄膜，砷化镓，燃料敏化，钙钛矿，III-V族多结电池等多个种类。其中最常见的是晶体硅太阳能电池，包括单晶硅太阳能电池和多晶硅太阳能电池。
将多个太阳能电池电学互连后封装，得到的可以长期使用的光伏设备，被称之为光伏组件。晶体硅光伏组件中的电池片互联方式，常见的有将电池片顺序排列，以含铜基材的涂锡焊带作为互联条，互联条焊接在第一片电池片的正面主栅线上，互联条另一端焊接在相邻的第二片电池片的背面栅线上。第二根互联条的两端分别焊接在第二片电池片的正面主栅线和第三片电池片的背面栅线上，依次类推。由此将所有的电池片串联成一串。
叠片组件采用的是另外一种电池片互联的技术。将电池片甲的一侧置于另一电池片乙的下方，使得甲正面的主栅线电极与乙背面的栅线电极相互重合。在两个电极之间采用导电胶、焊带或锡膏等材料形成物理连接和导电连接。
请参阅图1所示，现有无旁路二极管的叠片组件如果有阴影遮挡(例如积雪，严重的脏污)，有可能形成组件的热斑，造成组件损坏甚至烧毁。请参阅图2所示，现有有旁路二极管的叠片组件仅有1个旁路二极管，由于组件电压超过了单个电池片的反向击穿电压，在热斑情形下，产生热斑的电池片被反向击穿，而旁路二极管并不起作用，这同样造成组件的损坏甚至烧毁。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，以解决上述技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，包括第一区域、第二区域、第三区域和第四区域，四个区域呈田字形排布；每个区域含有若干串由晶体硅太阳能电池或晶体硅太阳能切片电池首尾次第重叠组成的太阳能电池串；每个区域中的所有电池串形成并联：电池串的正极相互连接，负极相互连接；
第一区域中的电池串的正极作为整个组件的正极，第一区域中的电池串负极与第二区域中 的电池串正极连通；第二区域中的电池串负极与第三区域中的电池串正极连通；第三区域中的电池串负极与第四区域中的电池串正极连通；第四区域中的电池串负极为整个组件的负极；
第一区域的电池串正极与第二区域的电池串负极之间有一个旁路二极管D1，旁路二极管D1的正极与第二区域的电池串负极连接，负极与第一区域的电池串正极连接；第三区域的电池串正极与第四区域的电池串负极之间有一个旁路二极管D2，旁路二极管D2的负极与第三区域的电池串正极连接，正极与第四区域的电池串负极之间连接；
所述旁路二极管D1和旁路二极管D2位于整个组件中部。
进一步的，每个区域中包括N个太阳能电池串，N为正整数，1≤N≤8；每个电池串中的太阳能电池的总数为M，M为正整数，5≤M≤50；同一电池串中的各个电池规格相同。
进一步的，组成电池串的太阳能电池为整片的单晶硅或多晶硅太阳能电池，或者为整片太阳能电池切成的小电池片。
进一步的，组件背面第一区域与第四区域之间靠近组件边缘的位置设有第一接线盒，整个组件的正极线缆和负极线缆由第一接线盒引出。
进一步的，组件背面位于第一区域、第二区域、第三区域和第四区域之间的中部区域位置设有第二接线盒，旁路二极管D1和旁路二极管D2设置于第二接线盒中；
或者，组件背面位于第一区域、第二区域、第三区域和第四区域之间的中部区域位置设有第二接线盒和第三接线盒，旁路二极管D1设置于第二接线盒中，旁路二极管D2设置于第三接线盒中。
进一步的，旁路二极管D1和旁路二极管D2埋入组件的上下两层绝缘封装材料，或者设置于封装材料与背板之间、封装材料与前板之间或封装材料与电池片之间。
进一步的，所述封装材料为乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物或聚烯烃。
进一步的，第一区域的负极和第二区域的正极通过金属或合金焊带与第一汇流条形成导电连接；第二区域的负极和第三区域的正极通过焊带与第二汇流条形成导电连接；第三区域的负极和第四区域的正极通过焊带与第三汇流条形成导电连接；第四区域的负极通过焊带与第四汇流条形成导电连接；第一区域的正极通过焊带与第五汇流条形成导电连接；汇流条材料为金属或合金；第四汇流条与第五汇流条层叠排列，中间用绝缘薄膜材料隔开；或者，第四汇流条与第五汇流条并排排列，中间的间隙被绝缘封装材料填充。
进一步的，所述绝缘薄膜材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜或聚酰胺。
进一步的，所述绝缘封装材料为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物酯或聚烯烃。
进一步的，第一区域的负极和第二区域的正极通过柔性导电胶带直接形成导电连接；第二区域的负极和第三区域的正极通过柔性导电胶带直接形成导电连接；第三区域的负极和第四区域的正极通过柔性导电胶带直接形成导电连接。
进一步的，第四区域的各电池串的负极通过一根双面导电柔性导电胶带的第二导电层连接，第一区域的各电池串的正极通过该双面导电胶带的第一导电层连接，第一导电层和第二导电层之间中间绝缘层隔离并绝缘；
所述第一导电层和第二导电层分别覆盖整个中间绝缘层的上表面和下表面；或者所述第一导电层和第二导电层分别覆盖中间绝缘层的上表面局部和下表面局部。
进一步的，所述中间绝缘层的材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
进一步的，第四区域的各电池串的负极通过一根双边导电柔性导电胶带的第二导电体连接，第一区域的各电池串的正极通过该双边导电胶带的第一导电体连接，第一导电体和第二导电体之间由中间绝缘体隔离并绝缘；所述中间绝缘体的材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明将组件分为4个区域，每个区域内的电池串并联，各区域间电路串联。第一区域和第二区域用一个旁路二极管保护，第三区域和第四区域用另一个旁路二极管保护。旁路二极管位于组件的背面中央部位。组件的正负极线缆从组件背面靠近组件边缘的接线盒引出。本发明中，与旁路二极管并联的2*N个电池串的整体电压为整个组件电压的一半，与不采用旁路二极管或是在整个组件的正负极上并联一个旁路二极管的方案相比，本方案降低了热斑的风险。
进一步的，组件的正负极线缆由位于背面靠近边缘中部的接线盒引出，与传统组件类似，便于安装和应用。
附图说明
图1为现有无旁路二极管设置光伏叠片组件的结构示意图；
图2为现有设有一个旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件的结构示意图；
图3为本发明一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件的电路示意图；
图4为本发明一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件的一个示例图，其中，M＝18，N＝6；
图4a为图4所示区域1中电池串与第一汇流条11以及第一汇流条分支110的连接放大图；
图4a-1为图4所示区域2中电池串与第一汇流条11以及第一汇流条分支110的连接放大图；
图4b为图4所示区域2和3中电池串与第二汇流条12以及第二汇流条分支120的连接放 大图；
图4c为图4所示区域3中电池串与第三汇流条13以及第三汇流条分支130的连接放大图；
图4c-1为图4所示区域4中电池串与第三汇流条13以及第三汇流条分支130的连接放大图；
图4d为图4所示区域3和4中电池串与第四汇流条14和第五汇流条15的连接放大图，其中第四汇流条14通过第四汇流条分支140连接区域4电池串，第五汇流条15通过第五汇流条分支150连接区域1电池串；第四汇流条14和第五汇流条15重合，两者之间通过绝缘条30隔开；
图5为本发明一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件的一个示例图，其中，M＝12，N＝6；
图6为本发明一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件的一个示例图，其中，M＝30，N＝3；
图7为本发明设置两个接线盒的光伏组件的背面示意图；
图8为本发明设置三个接线盒的光伏组件的背面示意图；
图9为本发明设置一个接线盒的光伏组件的背面示意图；
图10为一种采用本发明设计的叠片组件的正面版型的示意图；
图11为另一种采用本发明设计的叠片组件的正面版型的示意图；
图11a为图11所示区域1中电池串与柔性导电胶带32的连接放大图；
图11a-1为图11所示区域2中电池串与柔性导电胶带32的连接放大图；
图11b为图11所示区域2和3中电池串与柔性导电胶带33的连接放大图；
图11c为图11所示区域3中电池串与柔性导电胶带33的连接放大图；
图11c-1为图11所示区域4中电池串与柔性导电胶带33的连接放大图；
图11d为图11所示区域3和4中电池串与双面导电柔性导电胶带35的连接放大图，双面导电柔性导电胶带35包括上导电层351、下导电层352和位于两者之间的中间绝缘层350；上导电层351连接区域4电池串，下导电层352连接区域1电池串；上导电层351、下导电层352重合，两者之间通过中间绝缘层350隔开；
图12为第一区域和第四区域间汇流条设置结构的侧视图；
图13为第一区域和第四区域间汇流条的另一种设置结构的侧视图；
图14为第二区域和第三区域间汇流条设置结构的侧视图；
图15为第一区域和第四区域通过双面柔性导电胶带连接的侧视图；
图16为第一区域和第四区域通过另一种双面柔性导电胶带连接的侧视图；
图17为第一区域和第四区域通过第三种双面柔性导电胶带连接的侧视图。
具体实施方式
请参阅图3所示，本发明一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件被分成4个区域，每个区域含有N串由晶体硅太阳能电池或晶体硅太阳能切片电池组成的电池串，N是不小于1且不大于8的整数。每个电池串中的太阳能电池片面积与规格相同，每个电池串中的电池片100的总数为M(M是不小于5不大于50的整数)。每个区域中的所有电池串的正极相互连通，负极相互连通。组成电池串的电池片可以是整片的单晶硅或多晶硅电池，也可以是切成整片电池片的1/3,1/4,1/5，1/6或其它尺寸的小电池片。
区域1中的电池串的正极作为整个组件的正极，区域1中的电池串负极与区域2中的电池串正极连通。区域2中的电池串负极与区域3中的电池串正极连通。区域3中的电池串负极与区域4中的电池串正极连通。区域4中的电池串负极为整个组件的负极。区域1的电池串正极与区域2的电池串负极之间有一个旁路二极管D1，旁路二极管D1的正极与区域2的电池串负极连接，负极与区域1的电池串正极连接。区域3的电池串正极与区域4的电池串负极之间有一个旁路二极管D2，旁路二极管D2的负极与区域3的电池串正极连接，正极与区域4的电池串负极之间连接。通过这种设计，区域1与区域2组成的电路的电压为整个组件电压的一半，区域3与区域4组成的电路的电压同样为整个组件电压的一半。与不采用旁路二极管或是在整个组件的正负极上并联一个旁路二极管的方案相比，本方案降低了热斑的风险。
请参阅图4所示，本发明的一种具体实施例为一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，采用单晶硅电池片，M＝18，N＝6。
请参阅图5所示，本发明的一种具体实施例为一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，采用多晶硅电池片，M＝12,N＝6。
请参阅图6所示，本发明的一种具体实施例为一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，采用n型异质结电池硅片，M＝30,N＝3。
一种采用本发明设计的叠片组件的背面版型如图7所示，一共使用2个接线盒。位于组件背面中央的接线盒2里面有2个旁路二极管，位于组件背面靠近组件边缘的接线盒1里面没有二极管，但是组件正负极的线缆3、4由此接线盒1引出。
一种采用本发明设计的叠片组件的背面版型如图8所示，一共使用3个接线盒。位于组件背面中央的2个接线盒21、22里面各有1个旁路二极管。位于组件背面靠近组件边缘的接线盒1里面没有二极管，但是组件正负极的线缆3、4由此接线盒1引出。
一种采用本发明设计的叠片组件的背面版型如图9所示，一共使用一个接线盒1。组件背面中央没有接线盒，2个旁路二极管直接埋入组件内部。2个旁路二极管位于2层封装材料之间封装材料是乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。位于组件背面靠近组件边缘的接线盒1里面没有二极管，但是组件正负极的线缆3,4由此接线盒引出。
一种采用本发明设计的叠片组件的正面版型如图10所示。区域1的负极和区域2的正极通过焊带与第一汇流条11形成导电连接。区域2的负极和区域3的正极通过焊带与第二汇流条12形成导电连接。区域3的负极和区域4的正极通过焊带与第三汇流条13形成导电连接；区域4的负极通过焊带与第四汇流条14形成导电连接。区域1的正极通过焊带与第五汇流条15形成导电连接。第四汇流条14与第五汇流条15可以层叠排列，中间用绝缘条30隔开，如图10和侧视图12所示。第四汇流条14与第五汇流条15可以并排排列，中间的间隙被绝缘封装材料如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物填充，如侧视图图13所示。第二汇流条12的两侧分别与区域2的负极和区域3的正极通过焊带31形成导电连接，如侧视图图14所示。
一种采用本发明设计的叠片组件的正面版型如图11所示。区域1的负极和区域2的正极通过柔性导电胶带32直接形成导电连接。区域2的负极和区域3的正极通过柔性导电胶带33直接形成导电连接。区域3的负极和区域4的正极通过柔性导电胶带34直接形成导电连接。区域4的各电池串的负极和区域1的各电池串的正极通过一根双面导电柔性导电胶带35分别连接且彼此绝缘。
更多的通过双面柔性导电胶带连接的方案设计如图15-17所示。请参阅图15所示，采用柔性胶带36，柔性胶带36包括中间绝缘层360和设置于中间绝缘层360上下两面的第一导电层361和第二导电层362；第一区域的正极与第一导电层361形成导电连接；第四区域的负极与第二导电层362形成导电连接。请参阅图16所示，与图15的区别在于第一导电层361和第二导电层362并非完全覆盖中间绝缘层360。请参阅图17所示，与图15的区别在于区域4的各电池串的负极通过一根双边导电柔性导电胶带的第二导电体364连接，区域1的各电池串的正极通过该双边导电胶带的第一导电体363连接，第一导电体363和第二导电体364之间由中间绝缘体365隔离并绝缘；中间绝缘体365的材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
区域4的各电池串的负极和区域1的各电池串的正极也可以通过2根独立的导电胶带分别连接，2根导电胶带彼此重叠，之间放置绝缘条隔开，如图12所示。区域4的各电池串的负极和区域1的各电池串的正极也可以通过2根独立的导电胶带分别连接，2根导电胶带并排排列，中间的间隙被绝缘封装材料如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物填充，如图13所示。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，包括第一区域、第二区域、第三区域和第四区域，四个区域呈田字形排布；每个区域含有若干串由晶体硅太阳能电池或晶体硅太阳能切片电池首尾次第重叠组成的太阳能电池串；每个区域中的所有电池串形成并联：电池串的正极相互连接，负极相互连接；
    第一区域中的电池串的正极作为整个组件的正极，第一区域中的电池串负极与第二区域中的电池串正极连通；第二区域中的电池串负极与第三区域中的电池串正极连通；第三区域中的电池串负极与第四区域中的电池串正极连通；第四区域中的电池串负极为整个组件的负极；
    第一区域的电池串正极与第二区域的电池串负极之间有一个旁路二极管D1，旁路二极管D1的正极与第二区域的电池串负极连接，负极与第一区域的电池串正极连接；第三区域的电池串正极与第四区域的电池串负极之间有一个旁路二极管D2，旁路二极管D2的负极与第三区域的电池串正极连接，正极与第四区域的电池串负极之间连接；
    所述旁路二极管D1和旁路二极管D2位于整个组件中部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，每个区域中包括N个太阳能电池串，N为正整数，1≤N≤8；每个电池串中的太阳能电池的总数为M，M为正整数，5≤M≤50；同一电池串中的各个电池规格相同。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，组成电池串的太阳能电池为整片的单晶硅或多晶硅太阳能电池，或者为整片太阳能电池切成的小电池片。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，组件背面第一区域与第四区域之间靠近组件边缘的位置设有第一接线盒，整个组件的正极线缆和负极线缆由第一接线盒引出。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，组件背面位于第一区域、第二区域、第三区域和第四区域之间的中部区域位置设有第二接线盒，旁路二极管D1和旁路二极管D2设置于第二接线盒中；
    或者，组件背面位于第一区域、第二区域、第三区域和第四区域之间的中部区域位置设有第二接线盒和第三接线盒，旁路二极管D1设置于第二接线盒中，旁路二极管D2设置于第三接线盒中。
  6. 根据权利要求1或4所述的一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，旁路二极管D1和旁路二极管D2埋入组件的上下两层绝缘封装材料，或者设置于封装材料与背板之间、封装材料与前板之间或封装材料与电池片之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，第一区域的负极和第二区域的正极通过金属或合金焊带与第一汇流条(11)形成导电连接；第二区域的负极和第三区域的正极通过焊带与第二汇流条(12)形成导电连接；第三区域的负极和第四区域的正极通过焊带与第三汇流条(13)形成导电连接；第四区域的负极通过焊带与第四汇流条(14)形成导电连接；第一区域的正极通过焊带与第五汇流条(15)形成导电连接；汇流条材料为金属或合金；第四汇流条(14)与第五汇流条(15)层叠排列，中间用绝缘薄膜材料隔开；或者，第四汇流条(14)与第五汇流条(15)并排排列，中间的间隙被绝缘封装材料填充。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，第一区域的负极和第二区域的正极通过柔性导电胶带直接形成导电连接；第二区域的负极和第三区域的正极通过柔性导电胶带直接形成导电连接；第三区域的负极和第四区域的正极通过柔性导电胶带直接形成导电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，第四区域的各电池串的负极通过一根双面导电柔性导电胶带的第二导电层(362)连接，第一区域的各电池串的正极通过该双面导电胶带的第一导电层(361)连接，第一导电层(361)和第二导电层(362)之间中间绝缘层(360)隔离并绝缘；
    所述第一导电层(361)和第二导电层(362)分别覆盖整个中间绝缘层(360)的上表面和下表面；或者所述第一导电层(361)和第二导电层(362)分别覆盖中间绝缘层(360)的上表面局部和下表面局部。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件，其特征在于，第四区域的各电池串的负极通过一根双边导电柔性导电胶带的第二导电体(364)连接，第一区域的各电池串的正极通过该双边导电胶带的第一导电体(363)连接，第一导电体(363)和第二导电体(364)之间由中间绝缘体(365)隔离并绝缘。
PCT/CN2016/112471 2016-11-21 2016-12-27 一种带有旁路二极管的光伏叠片组件 WO2018090445A1 (zh)

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